[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wash_away
Target surface form: washed away
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wash_away%2:30:01:: | definition=eliminate | examples=wash away all the differences
2. sense_key=wash_away%2:30:00:: | definition=remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent | synonyms=wash, wash out, wash off | examples=he washed the dirt from his coat; The nurse washed away the blood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `wash_away`
    *   Target surface form: `washed away`
    *   Context: "...We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly <t>washed away</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `wash_away%2:30:01::` | definition=eliminate | examples=wash away all the differences
        2.  `wash_away%2:30:00::` | definition=remove by the application of water or other liquid and soap or some other cleaning agent | synonyms=wash, wash out, wash off | examples=he washed the dirt from his coat; The nurse washed away the blood

    *   The sentence discusses the effect of early schooling on performance.
    *   It states that while there's an initial improvement in the first grade, the "difference" (the performance gap/advantage) is "quickly washed away."
    *   In this context, "washed away" means the difference disappears or is eliminated. It is used metaphorically.

    *   Sense 1: "eliminate" (Example: "wash away all the differences"). This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "remove by the application of water or other liquid..." (Example: "washed the dirt from his coat"). This is a literal meaning and does not fit the context of performance differences.

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sum_up
Target surface form: sum up
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us <t>sum up</t> what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sum_up%2:32:00:: | definition=give a summary (of) | synonyms=summarize, summarise, resume | examples=he summed up his results; I will now summarize
2. sense_key=sum_up%2:42:00:: | definition=be a summary of | synonyms=summarize, summarise, sum | examples=The abstract summarizes the main ideas in the paper
3. sense_key=sum_up%2:32:03:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, summate, tote up | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sum_up`
    *   Target surface form: `sum up`
    *   Context: "Let us <t>sum up</t> what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sum_up%2:32:00::`: give a summary (of) (synonyms: summarize, summarise, resume)
        2.  `sum_up%2:42:00::`: be a summary of (synonyms: summarize, summarise, sum)
        3.  `sum_up%2:32:03::`: determine the sum of (synonyms: total, tot, tot up, sum, summate, tote up)

    *   The speaker says, "Let us sum up what we do know about education..."
    *   The speaker is about to provide a summary of knowledge/reforms.
    *   This is an active process of summarizing information.

    *   Sense 1: "give a summary (of)" - This fits perfectly. The speaker is proposing to provide a summary.
    *   Sense 2: "be a summary of" - This is used when the subject *is* the summary (e.g., "The abstract summarizes the main ideas"). In the context "Let us sum up...", the subject "us" is performing the action of summarizing, not *being* the summary.
    *   Sense 3: "determine the sum of" - This refers to mathematical addition. The context is about education reforms, not numbers.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `know`
    *   Target surface form: `know`
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do <t>know</t> about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is discussing education policies, child-development, and the effectiveness of reforms. The sentence "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." precedes it.

    *   Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (Example: "I know that the President lied...")
    *   Sense 2: know how to do or perform something. (Example: "She knows how to knit")
    *   Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (Example: "I know that I left the key on the table")
    *   Sense 4: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. (Example: "Do you know my sister?")
    *   Sense 5: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (Example: "I know the feeling!")
    *   Sense 6: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority. (Example: "The Crown Prince was acknowledged...")
    *   Sense 7: have fixed in the mind. (Example: "I know Latin")
    *   Sense 8: have sexual intercourse with.
    *   Sense 9: know the nature or character of. (Example: "we all knew her as a big show-off")
    *   Sense 10: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different. (Example: "The child knows right from wrong")
    *   Sense 11: perceive as familiar. (Example: "I know this voice!")

    *   The phrase is "what we do know about education and about those education reforms".
    *   This refers to possessing information, facts, or knowledge derived from evidence/study regarding education and reforms.
    *   Sense 1 ("be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 ("be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something") is similar but often implies a stronger conviction or certainty about a specific truth rather than general possession of information/knowledge about a subject.
    *   Sense 7 ("have fixed in the mind") usually refers to learned skills or academic subjects (like knowing a language).

    *   "what we do know about education" = the information/facts we possess regarding education.
    *   This aligns best with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: possess knowledge or information about.
    *   Sense 3: regard as true beyond any doubt.
    *   In the context of "summing up what we know about education," the author is referring to the body of knowledge/information available, not necessarily a singular truth they believe in beyond doubt.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate for "possessing knowledge or information about" a general topic.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a governors' conference on education, child-development policy, extending the educational system to pre-kindergarten, child-care vs. educational programs, schooling, and education reforms.

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction (the result/state of being educated).
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (breeding).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00` - the US federal department.

    *   The sentence is: "Let us sum up what we do know about <t>education</t> and about those education reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   The author is talking about the system, the practice, and the policies of educating children (schooling, pre-kindergarten, reforms).
    *   Sense 1 (activities of educating/instructing) fits well because it encompasses the system and the practice of teaching.
    *   Sense 2 (knowledge acquired) doesn't fit; the author isn't talking about the knowledge itself, but the system/process.
    *   Sense 3 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge) is close, but the context is more about the *institutional* or *systemic* side (reforms, programs, schooling).
    *   Sense 4 (profession of teaching) is too narrow.
    *   Sense 5 (upbringing) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (federal department) is too narrow.

    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy, educational activity).
    *   Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
    *   The context mentions "education reforms", "educational system", "educational program", and "schooling". These all point toward the *activity* or *system* of educating (Sense 1) rather than the internal *process* of the student acquiring knowledge (Sense 3).

    *   The phrase "what we do know about education" in the context of "education reforms" refers to the field/activity of educating.

    *   Sense 1: activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Sense 3: process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   In the context of "education reforms", "education" refers to the system/activity of providing instruction.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those <t>education</t> reforms that do work and do not work..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses governors' conferences on education, child-development policy, the educational system, pre-kindergarten years, child-care programs, schooling, and parental involvement in schools.

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction (the result/state of being educated).
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (breeding).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00` - the US federal department.

    *   The phrase is "those education reforms".
    *   "Education reforms" refers to changes made to the *system* or *activities* of educating/instructing.
    *   It's not referring to the knowledge acquired (Sense 2), the process of acquiring it (Sense 3), the profession of teaching (Sense 4 - though related, reforms usually target the system/activity), the upbringing (Sense 5), or the specific government department (Sense 6).
    *   Sense 1 ("the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill") fits best because "education reforms" are reforms to the *act* or *system* of instruction/teaching.

    *   Sense 1: activities of educating/instructing. (Fits "education reforms" - reforms to the activities/system of instruction).
    *   Sense 3: gradual process of acquiring knowledge. (Less likely to be "reformed" in the sense of policy/system).
    *   Sense 4: profession of teaching. (Reforms can affect the profession, but "education reform" usually encompasses the whole activity of schooling).

    *   The context mentions "educational system", "schooling", "instruction", and "educational limitations".
    *   "Education reforms" typically refers to the systemic activities of teaching and learning.
    *   Sense 1 (instruction, teaching, pedagogy) is the most comprehensive fit for the general concept of "education" as a field of activity being reformed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reform
Target surface form: reforms
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reform%1:04:00:: | definition=a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses | examples=justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts
2. sense_key=reform%1:04:01:: | definition=a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices | examples=the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians
3. sense_key=reform%1:04:02:: | definition=self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice | examples=the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reform`
    *   Target surface form: `reforms`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education <t>reforms</t> that do work and do not work..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `reform%1:04:00`: a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses (the result/outcome).
        2.  `reform%1:04:01`: a campaign aimed to correct abuses or malpractices (the effort/proposal/initiative).
        3.  `reform%1:04:02`: self-improvement in behavior or morals (personal change).

    *   The context discusses "education reforms".
    *   It mentions Gov. Bill Clinton advocating for a "comprehensive child-development policy".
    *   The author is talking about policies or initiatives ("those education reforms that do work and do not work").
    *   Sense 3 (self-improvement) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (the change itself/the result) vs. Sense 2 (the campaign/proposal/initiative).
    *   In the phrase "education reforms that do work and do not work", "reforms" refers to the specific policies, programs, or initiatives implemented to improve education.
    *   Looking at the example for Sense 2: "the reforms he proposed were too radical for the politicians". This aligns well with "education reforms" as specific proposals or campaigns for change.
    *   Looking at the example for Sense 1: "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts". This refers more to the general state of change or the act of reforming.
    *   Usually, when people talk about "education reforms" (plural), they are referring to the specific initiatives or policies (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: The result/state of being reformed.
    *   Sense 2: The plan/campaign/initiative to reform.
    *   "Education reforms that do work and do not work" refers to the initiatives/policies themselves.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work`
    *   Target surface form: `work`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do <t>work</t> and do not work..."
    *   Meaning: The author is talking about education reforms that are effective or successful.

    *   Sense 1: exert oneself (mental/physical work) - No.
    *   Sense 2: be employed - No.
    *   Sense 3: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected (synonym: act) - Yes, this fits "reforms that do work" (reforms that are effective).
    *   Sense 4: perform as expected when applied (synonym: function, operate) - This usually refers to machines or tools (e.g., washing machine, car).
    *   Sense 5: shape, form, or improve a material - No.
    *   Sense 6: give a workout to - No.
    *   Sense 7: proceed along a path - No.
    *   Sense 8: operate in a certain place - No.
    *   Sense 9: proceed towards a goal - No.
    *   Sense 10: move in an agitated manner - No.
    *   Sense 11: cause to happen - No.
    *   Sense 12: cause to work - No.
    *   Sense 13: prepare for crops - No.
    *   Sense 14: behave in a certain way when handled - No.
    *   Sense 15: have and exert influence or effect - No (this is usually transitive: "work on someone").
    *   Sense 16: operate in or through - No.
    *   Sense 17: cause to operate or function - No.
    *   Sense 18: provoke or excite - No.
    *   Sense 19: gratify and charm - No.
    *   Sense 20: make something - No.
    *   Sense 21: move into or onto - No.
    *   Sense 22: make uniform - No.
    *   Sense 23: use or manipulate to one's advantage - No.
    *   Sense 24: find the solution to - No.
    *   Sense 25: cause to undergo fermentation - No.
    *   Sense 26: go sour or spoil - No.
    *   Sense 27: arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion - No.

    *   Sense 3: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected" (Example: "How does your idea work in practice?")
    *   Sense 4: "perform as expected when applied" (Example: "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in")
    *   The context "education reforms that do work" refers to the effectiveness of a policy or idea, which aligns perfectly with Sense 3.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%2:41:02:: | definition=exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity | examples=I will work hard to improve my grades; she worked hard for better living conditions for the poor
2. sense_key=work%2:41:00:: | definition=be employed | synonyms=do work | examples=Is your husband working again?; My wife never worked
3. sense_key=work%2:41:03:: | definition=have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected | synonyms=act | examples=The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?
4. sense_key=work%2:35:02:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, operate, go, run | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
5. sense_key=work%2:36:00:: | definition=shape, form, or improve a material | synonyms=work on, process | examples=work stone into tools; process iron
6. sense_key=work%2:29:00:: | definition=give a workout to | synonyms=exercise, work out | examples=Some parents exercise their infants; My personal trainer works me hard
7. sense_key=work%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=make | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
8. sense_key=work%2:41:04:: | definition=operate in a certain place, area, or specialty | examples=She works the night clubs; The salesman works the Midwest
9. sense_key=work%2:41:05:: | definition=proceed towards a goal or along a path or through an activity | examples=work your way through every problem or task; She was working on her second martini when the guests arrived
10. sense_key=work%2:38:02:: | definition=move in an agitated manner | examples=His fingers worked with tension
11. sense_key=work%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
12. sense_key=work%2:41:01:: | definition=cause to work | synonyms=put to work | examples=he is working his servants hard
13. sense_key=work%2:36:09:: | definition=prepare for crops | synonyms=cultivate, crop | examples=Work the soil; cultivate the land
14. sense_key=work%2:42:10:: | definition=behave in a certain way when handled | examples=This dough does not work easily; The soft metal works well
15. sense_key=work%2:41:10:: | definition=have and exert influence or effect | synonyms=influence, act upon | examples=The artist's work influenced the young painter; She worked on her friends to support the political candidate
16. sense_key=work%2:41:11:: | definition=operate in or through | examples=Work the phones
17. sense_key=work%2:41:12:: | definition=cause to operate or function | examples=This pilot works the controls; Can you work an electric drill?
18. sense_key=work%2:39:10:: | definition=provoke or excite | examples=The rock musician worked the crowd of young girls into a frenzy
19. sense_key=work%2:37:10:: | definition=gratify and charm, usually in order to influence | examples=the political candidate worked the crowds
20. sense_key=work%2:36:12:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, form, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
21. sense_key=work%2:35:14:: | definition=move into or onto | examples=work the raisins into the dough; the student worked a few jokes into his presentation
22. sense_key=work%2:35:00:: | definition=make uniform | synonyms=knead | examples=knead dough; work the clay until it is soft
23. sense_key=work%2:34:10:: | definition=use or manipulate to one's advantage | synonyms=exploit | examples=He exploit the new taxation system; She knows how to work the system
24. sense_key=work%2:31:13:: | definition=find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of | synonyms=solve, work out, figure out, puzzle out, lick | examples=did you solve the problem?; Work out your problems with the boss
25. sense_key=work%2:30:14:: | definition=cause to undergo fermentation | synonyms=ferment | examples=We ferment the grapes for a very long time to achieve high alcohol content; The vintner worked the wine in big oak vats
26. sense_key=work%2:30:13:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, turn, ferment | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
27. sense_key=work%2:30:10:: | definition=arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion | examples=The stitches of the hem worked loose after she wore the skirt many times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work`
    *   Target surface form: `work`
    *   Context: "...Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not <t>work</t>: -- 'Parental involvement' is a bad idea."
    *   The sentence discusses "education reforms that do work and do not work."

    *   Sense 1: exert oneself (mental/physical work) - No.
    *   Sense 2: be employed - No.
    *   Sense 3: have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected (synonym: act) - Example: "The voting process doesn't work as well as people thought; How does your idea work in practice?" - This fits well. Education reforms "working" means they have the desired effect.
    *   Sense 4: perform as expected when applied (synonym: function, operate) - Example: "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in." - This usually refers to mechanical or electronic devices.
    *   Sense 5: shape, form, or improve a material - No.
    *   Sense 6: give a workout to - No.
    *   Sense 7: proceed along a path - No.
    *   Sense 8: operate in a certain place - No.
    *   Sense 9: proceed towards a goal - No.
    *   Sense 10: move in an agitated manner - No.
    *   Sense 11: cause to happen - No.
    *   Sense 12: cause to work - No.
    *   Sense 13: prepare for crops - No.
    *   Sense 14: behave in a certain way when handled - No.
    *   Sense 15: have and exert influence or effect - No.
    *   Sense 16: operate in or through - No.
    *   Sense 17: cause to operate or function - No.
    *   Sense 18: provoke or excite - No.
    *   Sense 19: gratify and charm - No.
    *   Sense 20: make something - No.
    *   Sense 21: move into or onto - No.
    *   Sense 22: make uniform - No.
    *   Sense 23: use or manipulate to one's advantage - No.
    *   Sense 24: find the solution to - No.
    *   Sense 25: cause to undergo fermentation - No.
    *   Sense 26: go sour or spoil - No.
    *   Sense 27: arrive at a certain condition through repeated motion - No.

    *   The context is "education reforms that do work and do not work."
    *   This means reforms that are effective or achieve the desired outcome.
    *   Sense 3: "have an effect or outcome; often the one desired or expected."
    *   Sense 4: "perform as expected when applied" (usually for machines).
    *   Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 4: Sense 3 is about outcomes/effects (ideas, processes, reforms), while Sense 4 is about functioning (machines, tools). "Education reforms" are ideas/processes.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parental
Target surface form: Parental
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "<t>Parental</t> involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parental%3:01:00:: | definition=designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
2. sense_key=parental%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent | synonyms=maternal, paternal | examples=parental guidance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parental`
    *   Target surface form: `Parental`
    *   Context: "...'Parental involvement' is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parental%3:01:00::`: designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced (biological/genetic context).
        2.  `parental%3:00:00::`: relating to or characteristic of or befitting a parent (general parental role/guidance).

    *   The sentence discusses "Parental involvement" in the context of education and the relationship between parents and schools.
    *   This refers to the role of parents in their children's education.

    *   Sense 1 is about hybrid offspring and biological generations (scientific/biological).
    *   Sense 2 is about the characteristics or roles of a parent (e.g., "parental guidance").

    *   "Parental involvement" clearly fits Sense 2 (relating to or characteristic of a parent).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involvement`
    *   Context: "Parental <t>involvement</t> "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Target surface form: `involvement`

    *   Sense 1: `the act of sharing in the activities of a group` (Synonyms: engagement, participation). Example: "the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities".
    *   Sense 2: `a connection of inclusion or containment`. Example: "he escaped involvement in the accident".
    *   Sense 3: `a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something` (Synonym: interest). Example: "an interest in music".
    *   Sense 4: `a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship`.
    *   Sense 5: `the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)` (Synonym: participation).

    *   The phrase is "Parental involvement".
    *   In the context of education, "parental involvement" typically refers to parents participating in school activities, helping with homework, attending meetings, etc.
    *   This aligns most closely with "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" (Sense 1) or "the condition of sharing in common with others" (Sense 5).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 5:
        *   Sense 1: "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" (Synonyms: engagement, participation).
        *   Sense 5: "the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)" (Synonym: participation).
    *   "Parental involvement" in schools is an active process of participating in the educational activities/group (the school community). Sense 1's example ("students' engagement in class activities") is very similar to the concept of parents' engagement in school activities.

    *   Sense 1: Act of sharing in activities. (Fits well)
    *   Sense 2: Connection/inclusion (e.g., in an accident). (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 3: Interest/curiosity. (Too passive)
    *   Sense 4: Sexual relationship. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 5: Condition of sharing in common. (Less precise than Sense 1 for "activities")

    *   Sense 1 is the most standard meaning for "parental involvement" in an educational context (participation in school activities).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bad
Target surface form: bad
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a <t>bad</t> idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
2. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
3. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
5. sense_key=bad%3:00:09:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
7. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | examples=so-called bad grammar
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
11. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | examples=led a very bad life
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bad`
    *   Target surface form: `bad`
    *   Context: "...'Parental involvement' is a <t>bad</t> idea."
    *   Meaning: The author is arguing that the idea of "parental involvement" is undesirable, negative, or not a good approach in the context of education reform.

    *   1: having undesirable or negative qualities (e.g., bad report card, bad impression)
    *   2: very intense (e.g., bad headache)
    *   3: feeling physical discomfort or pain (e.g., throat feels bad)
    *   4: (of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition (e.g., bad meat)
    *   5: feeling or expressing regret or sorrow (e.g., felt bad over mistakes)
    *   6: not capable of being collected (e.g., bad debt)
    *   7: below average in quality or performance (e.g., bad chess player)
    *   8: nonstandard (e.g., bad grammar)
    *   9: not financially safe or secure (e.g., bad investment)
    *   10: physically unsound or diseased (e.g., bad back)
    *   11: capable of harming (e.g., smoking is bad for you)
    *   12: characterized by wickedness or immorality (e.g., bad life)
    *   13: reproduced fraudulently (e.g., bad penny)
    *   14: not working properly (e.g., bad telephone connection)

    *   The phrase is "a bad idea."
    *   An "idea" cannot be "intense" (2), "physically uncomfortable" (3), "spoiled food" (4), "regretful" (5), "uncollectible debt" (6), "below average in performance" (7 - though close, "bad idea" usually means undesirable/incorrect rather than low-skill), "nonstandard grammar" (8), "financially risky" (9), "diseased" (10), "harmful" (11 - though a bad idea can be harmful, the primary meaning of "bad idea" is that it's undesirable or flawed), "wicked/immoral" (12), "counterfeit" (13), or "malfunctioning" (14).
    *   Sense 1: "having undesirable or negative qualities." This fits "bad idea" perfectly. A bad idea is an idea with undesirable qualities or one that is likely to lead to a negative outcome.

    *   Sense 1: "having undesirable or negative qualities" -> "a bad idea" (Fits well).
    *   Sense 7: "below average in quality or performance" -> Usually refers to a person's skill or a specific performance (e.g., "bad chess player"). An idea isn't really a "performance."
    *   Sense 11: "capable of harming" -> While a bad idea can be harmful, "bad idea" is a general expression of undesirability.

    *   The most general and fitting sense for "bad idea" is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `idea`
    *   Target surface form: `idea`
    *   Context: "...'Parental involvement' is a bad <t>idea</t>. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `idea%1:09:00::`: the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about (synonym: thought; example: "it was not a good idea")
        2.  `idea%1:09:01::`: your intention; what you intend to do (synonym: mind; example: "the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces")
        3.  `idea%1:09:03::`: a personal view (example: "he has an idea that we don't like him")
        4.  `idea%1:09:02::`: an approximate calculation (synonym: estimate)
        5.  `idea%1:10:00::`: (music) melodic subject

    *   The sentence is: "'Parental involvement' is a bad idea."
    *   In this context, "Parental involvement" is being proposed or discussed as a strategy or a concept for education reform.
    *   Calling it a "bad idea" means the concept or the thought behind the strategy is flawed.

    *   Sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about" (Example: "it was not a good idea"). This fits perfectly. A "bad idea" often refers to a plan, concept, or thought that is judged to be unwise.
    *   Sense 2: "your intention; what you intend to do". While "parental involvement" might be an intention, the phrase "is a bad idea" usually refers to the concept/plan itself rather than a specific person's intention.
    *   Sense 3: "a personal view". "Parental involvement" isn't a personal view; it's a policy or practice.
    *   Sense 4: "an approximate calculation". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "melodic subject". Not applicable.

    *   The example for Sense 1 is "it was not a good idea", which is almost identical in structure and meaning to "is a bad idea".

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parent`
    *   Target surface form: `Parents`
    *   Context: "Parental involvement is a bad idea. <t>Parents</t> are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parent%1:18:00::`: a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.
        2.  `parent%1:03:00::`: an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.

    *   The context discusses "Parental involvement", "blame schools for the educational limitations of their children", and "involved with their children's education at home".
    *   This clearly refers to human parents (fathers and mothers) in the context of child-rearing and education.

    *   Sense 1: Human father/mother/guardian. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Biological organism (general plant/animal). (Too broad/biological; doesn't fit the social/educational context).

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: too
Target surface form: too
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=too%4:02:00:: | definition=to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits | synonyms=excessively, overly, to a fault | examples=too big
2. sense_key=too%4:02:01:: | definition=in addition | synonyms=besides, also, likewise, as well | examples=he has a Mercedes, too

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "too"
    *   Target surface form: "too"
    *   Context: "Parents are <t>too</t> likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `too%4:02:00::`: to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits (excessively, overly).
        2.  `too%4:02:01::`: in addition (besides, also, as well).

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   In this context, "too" modifies the adjective "likely".
    *   It means that the likelihood is excessive or higher than it should be.
    *   It does *not* mean "also" or "in addition" (e.g., "Parents are also likely..."). While "also" might fit grammatically, the intended meaning in the context of criticizing parental involvement ("Parental involvement is a bad idea") is that they are *excessively* likely to blame schools.

    *   Sense 1: "to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits" (excessively, overly). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "in addition" (besides, also). This does not fit the intended meaning of "too likely" in this critical context.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `likely`
    *   Target surface form: `likely`
    *   Context: "Parents are too <t>likely</t> to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."

    *   Sense 1: `likely%3:00:00::` - "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about" (Example: "she is likely to forget"). This is the predicative use (be likely to).
    *   Sense 2: `likely%3:00:04::` - "likely but not certain to be or become true or real" (Synonym: probable; Example: "a likely result"). This is the attributive use (a likely result).
    *   Sense 3: `likely%5:00:00:prospective:00` - "expected to become or be; in prospect" (Synonym: potential; Example: "potential clients").
    *   Sense 4: `likely%5:00:00:credible:00` - "within the realm of credibility" (Example: "not a very likely excuse").

    *   Sentence: "Parents are too likely to blame schools..."
    *   Structure: "Parents [subject] are [verb] too likely [adjective] to blame [infinitive phrase]..."
    *   Meaning: There is a high probability that parents will blame schools.

    *   Sense 1 ("has a good chance of being the case or of coming about") fits perfectly. The example "she is likely to forget" matches the structure "Parents are too likely to blame".
    *   Sense 2 is more about a "likely result" (attributive).
    *   Sense 3 is about "prospective" (e.g., likely buyers).
    *   Sense 4 is about "credible" (e.g., a likely story).

    *   The usage "be likely to [verb]" is the classic application of Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blame
Target surface form: blame
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blame%2:32:00:: | definition=put or pin the blame on | synonyms=fault
2. sense_key=blame%2:32:01:: | definition=harass with constant criticism | synonyms=find fault, pick | examples=Don't always pick on your little brother
3. sense_key=blame%2:31:00:: | definition=attribute responsibility to | synonyms=charge | examples=We blamed the accident on her; The tragedy was charged to her inexperience

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `blame`
    *   Target surface form: `blame`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to <t>blame</t> schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `blame%2:32:00::` (put or pin the blame on; synonym: fault)
        2.  `blame%2:32:01::` (harass with constant criticism; synonyms: find fault, pick)
        3.  `blame%2:31:00::` (attribute responsibility to; synonyms: charge; examples: "We blamed the accident on her")

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   The structure is "blame [someone/something] for [something]".
    *   This means attributing the cause or responsibility for a negative outcome (educational limitations) to a specific entity (schools).

    *   Sense 1: "put or pin the blame on" (fault). This is very close.
    *   Sense 2: "harass with constant criticism" (pick on). This doesn't fit the "blame X for Y" structure as well as attributing responsibility.
    *   Sense 3: "attribute responsibility to" (charge). Example: "We blamed the accident on her". This matches the structure "blame [entity] for [outcome]" (or "blame [outcome] on [entity]").

    *   Sense 1 (put or pin the blame on) and Sense 3 (attribute responsibility to) are very similar.
    *   Looking at WordNet's structure (though I shouldn't rely solely on keys), `blame%2:31:00` is often the primary sense for attributing responsibility for a fault or mistake.
    *   Sense 1 (`blame%2:32:00`) is often used as a synonym for "fault" (as in "to fault someone").
    *   In the context "blame schools for the educational limitations", the parents are attributing the responsibility for the failure to the schools.

    *   Sense 3: "attribute responsibility to" (Example: "We blamed the accident on her"). This is a direct match for "blame schools for the educational limitations".
    *   Sense 1: "put or pin the blame on". This is almost identical in meaning, but "attribute responsibility to" is the core definition of the act of blaming someone for a result.

    *Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 3.*
    Sense 1: "put or pin the blame on"
    Sense 3: "attribute responsibility to"

    Actually, in many WordNet versions:
    - `blame%2:31:00` is "attribute responsibility to" (e.g., "blame the accident on her").
    - `blame%2:32:00` is "put or pin the blame on" (synonym: fault).

    Let's look at the context again: "blame schools for the educational limitations". This is attributing the responsibility for the limitations to the schools.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3 again:
    Sense 1: "put or pin the blame on"
    Sense 3: "attribute responsibility to"

    Usually, "attribute responsibility to" is the more general and precise definition for the act of blaming someone for a specific outcome.

    Let's check the synonyms:
    Sense 1: fault
    Sense 3: charge

    "Parents are too likely to fault schools for..." vs "Parents are too likely to charge schools for..." (Wait, "charge" here means attribute responsibility, not a financial charge).

    Actually, "blame X for Y" is the classic usage of "attribute responsibility to".

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "put or pin the blame on". This is almost a circular definition.

    Looking at the examples provided for Sense 3: "We blamed the accident on her". This matches the structure "blame [something] on [someone]" which is the inverse of "blame [someone] for [something]".

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: school
Target surface form: schools
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=school%1:14:00:: | definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. sense_key=school%1:06:00:: | definition=a building where young people receive education | synonyms=schoolhouse | examples=the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning
3. sense_key=school%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=schooling | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. sense_key=school%1:14:02:: | definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. sense_key=school%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | synonyms=schooltime, school day | examples=stay after school; he didn't miss a single day of school
6. sense_key=school%1:14:03:: | definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed; the whole school turned out for the game
7. sense_key=school%1:14:01:: | definition=a large group of fish | synonyms=shoal | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `school`
    *   Target surface form: `schools`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussion about educational policy, pre-kindergarten, child-care programs, and parental involvement in education.

    *   Sense 1: `an educational institution` (e.g., "the school was founded in 1900")
    *   Sense 2: `a building where young people receive education` (e.g., "the school was built in 1932")
    *   Sense 3: `the process of being formally educated at a school` (synonym: schooling)
    *   Sense 4: `a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers...`
    *   Sense 5: `the period of instruction in a school` (synonym: schooltime)
    *   Sense 6: `an educational institution's faculty and students`
    *   Sense 7: `a large group of fish`

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame <t>schools</t> for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   In this context, "schools" refers to the institutions responsible for education.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (educational institution) and Sense 6 (faculty and students):
        *   Sense 1 is the general term for the institution.
        *   Sense 6 refers specifically to the people within the institution.
        *   Usually, when people "blame schools," they are blaming the institutions (the system, the administration, the organization) rather than just the collective group of people (though they overlap).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (educational institution) and Sense 2 (building):
        *   Parents don't blame the physical building for educational limitations.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (educational institution) and Sense 3 (process):
        *   "Schools" is plural here. Sense 3 is an uncountable process ("schooling"). You wouldn't say "blame schoolings."

    *   Sense 1: "an educational institution" fits perfectly. Parents blame the institutions (the schools) for the lack of progress.

    *   Sense 1: an educational institution.
    *   Sense 6: an educational institution's faculty and students.
    *   While Sense 6 is possible, Sense 1 is the more standard and comprehensive meaning for "schools" in the context of blaming the educational system/institutions.

    *   The target word is "schools" (plural).
    *   Sense 1: "an educational institution" (plural: educational institutions).
    *   Sense 6: "an educational institution's faculty and students" (plural: educational institutions' faculty and students).
    *   The context "blame schools for the educational limitations" strongly points to the institutions themselves.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...Parents are too likely to blame schools for the <t>educational</t> limitations of their children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00::`: relating to the process of education (Example: educational psychology)
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (Example: an educational film)

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   "Educational limitations" refers to the limits or constraints regarding the children's education, learning process, or academic achievement.
    *   It is not saying the limitations themselves "provide knowledge" (which would be the meaning of sense 2).
    *   Instead, it is describing limitations *relating to* the process of education.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". This fits perfectly. "Educational limitations" = limitations relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (instructive). This does not fit. "Educational limitations" does not mean "limitations that provide knowledge".

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: limitation
Target surface form: limitations
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=limitation%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle that limits the extent of something | synonyms=restriction | examples=I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements
2. sense_key=limitation%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being limited or restricted | examples=it is a good plan but it has serious limitations
3. sense_key=limitation%1:23:00:: | definition=the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed | synonyms=limit | examples=there are limits on the amount you can bet; it is growing rapidly with no limitation in sight
4. sense_key=limitation%1:28:00:: | definition=(law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought | examples=statute of limitations
5. sense_key=limitation%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) | synonyms=restriction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `limitation`
    *   Target surface form: `limitations`
    *   Context: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational <t>limitations</t> of their children."

    *   Sense 1: `limitation%1:09:00::` - a principle that limits the extent of something (synonym: restriction). Example: "restrictions on my movements". (Doesn't fit; not a principle/rule).
    *   Sense 2: `limitation%1:07:00::` - the quality of being limited or restricted. Example: "it is a good plan but it has serious limitations". (Fits well; refers to shortcomings, deficiencies, or constraints in ability/capacity).
    *   Sense 3: `limitation%1:23:00::` - the greatest amount of something that is possible or allowed (synonym: limit). Example: "limits on the amount you can bet". (Doesn't fit; not talking about a maximum threshold).
    *   Sense 4: `limitation%1:28:00::` - (law) a time period after which suits cannot be brought. Example: "statute of limitations". (Doesn't fit; not a legal context).
    *   Sense 5: `limitation%1:04:00::` - an act of limiting or restricting (as by regulation) (synonym: restriction). (Doesn't fit; not an act of regulation).

    *   The sentence says "educational limitations of their children."
    *   This refers to the children's shortcomings, deficiencies, or the limits of their educational attainment/ability.
    *   Sense 2 ("the quality of being limited or restricted") is the standard way to describe a person's or a plan's shortcomings or constraints.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `child`
    *   Target surface form: `children`
    *   Context: "...Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their <t>children</t>. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `child%1:18:00::`: a young person of either sex (kid, youngster, minor).
        2.  `child%1:18:01::`: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
        3.  `child%1:18:06::`: an immature childish person.
        4.  `child%1:18:07::`: a member of a clan or tribe.

    *   The sentence is: "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children."
    *   The word "children" is used in the context of "parents" and "educational limitations" (schooling).
    *   The relationship is between parents and their offspring.

    *   Sense 1: "a young person of either sex". This fits the context of schooling, but the primary relationship here is "their children" (parents' children).
    *   Sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age". This specifically captures the relationship between parents and children.
    *   Sense 3: "an immature childish person". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "a member of a clan or tribe". Not applicable.

    *   While the children are likely young (since they are in school), the phrase "their children" strongly points to the kinship relationship (offspring).
    *   In WordNet, when "children" is used in the context of "parents' children", sense 2 (offspring) is typically the more precise fit than sense 1 (young person), although they often overlap.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "she writes books for children" (focus on age).
        *   Sense 2: "they had three children" (focus on offspring).
    *   In "educational limitations of their children", the possessive "their" refers to the parents. This emphasizes the offspring relationship.

    *   Sense 1: young person.
    *   Sense 2: offspring.
    *   The context "Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children" emphasizes the relationship between the parents and their offspring.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. Is it "young person" or "offspring"?
    *   If I say "my children", I usually mean my offspring.
    *   If I say "the children are playing", I mean young people.
    *   In "their children", the "their" refers to the parents. This is the definition of offspring.

    *   Sense 1: child%1:18:00 (young person)
    *   Sense 2: child%1:18:01 (offspring)
    *   Sense 3: child%1:18:06 (immature person)
    *   Sense 4: child%1:18:07 (clan member)

    The most precise sense for "their children" (referring to parents) is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: Parents
Context:
What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parent`
    *   Target surface form: `Parents`
    *   Context: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating... Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. <t>Parents</t> should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parent%1:18:00::`: a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.
        2.  `parent%1:03:00::`: an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.

    *   The context discusses education, children, schools, and the role of fathers/mothers in their children's learning.
    *   The sentence "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home" clearly refers to human parents (fathers/mothers).

    *   Sense 1: Human parents/guardians. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Biological organism (general, including plants). (Too broad/biological, doesn't fit the social/educational context).

    *   The best sense is index 1.