[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `live`
    *   Target surface form: `live`
    *   Context: "Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

    *   Sense 1: `inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of` (Synonyms: populate, dwell, inhabit). Example: "People lived in Africa millions of years ago."
    *   Sense 2: `lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style`. Example: "we had to live frugally after the war."
    *   Sense 3: `continue to live through hardship or adversity` (Synonyms: survive, last). Example: "We went without water and food for 3 days."
    *   Sense 4: `support oneself` (Synonyms: exist, survive, subsist). Example: "Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?"
    *   Sense 5: `have life, be alive`. Example: "My grandfather lived until the end of war."
    *   Sense 6: `have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations`. Example: "have you ever known hunger?"
    *   Sense 7: `pursue a positive and satisfying existence`. Example: "You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live."

    *   The sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   The word "live" here refers to the place of residence (where they dwell or inhabit).
    *   Comparing this to the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1: "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of" fits perfectly.
        *   Sense 2: "lead a certain kind of life" (style) - No.
        *   Sense 3: "continue to live through hardship" (survive) - No.
        *   Sense 4: "support oneself" (subsist) - No.
        *   Sense 5: "have life, be alive" - No.
        *   Sense 6: "have firsthand knowledge" - No.
        *   Sense 7: "pursue a positive and satisfying existence" - No.

    *   The context "live where the bells need to be rung" clearly indicates residence/habitation.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers... hopes to speak to students... about the joys of bell ringing... 'The Bells in Your Care.'... ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `bell%1:06:00::`: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
        2.  `bell%1:06:02::`: a push button at an outer door (doorbell).
        3.  `bell%1:11:00::`: the sound of a bell being struck.
        4.  `bell%1:28:00::`: nautical time units.
        5.  `bell%1:25:00::`: the shape of a bell.
        6.  `bell%1:18:02::`: Melville Bell (person).
        7.  `bell%1:18:01::`: Vanessa Bell (person).
        8.  `bell%1:18:00::`: Alexander Graham Bell (person).
        9.  `bell%1:06:04::`: percussion instrument (set of tuned bells).
        10. `bell%1:06:03::`: flared opening of a tubular device.

    *   The context discusses "Church Bell Ringers," "bell ringing," and "The Bells in Your Care."
    *   The specific sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   The "bells" here refer to the physical objects (the hollow metal devices) located in churches that are rung by ringers.

    *   Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Doorbell - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: The sound - The sentence says "where the bells need to be rung." You ring the object, not the sound.
    *   Sense 4: Nautical time - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Shape - Incorrect.
    *   Senses 6, 7, 8: People - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: Orchestral percussion instrument - While church bells are instruments, they are typically referred to as the objects themselves (Sense 1) rather than the specific orchestral set (Sense 9).
    *   Sense 10: Flared opening - Incorrect.

    *   The context is clearly about church bells (the physical objects). Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of a bell.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `need`
    *   Target surface form: `need`
    *   Context: "...ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

    *   Sense 1: `require as useful, just, or proper` (Synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve). Example: "It takes nerve to do what she did."
    *   Sense 2: `have need of` (Synonyms: want, require). Example: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner."
    *   Sense 3: `have or feel a need for`. Example: "always needing friends and money."

    *   The sentence is: "...where the bells need to be rung..."
    *   Here, "need" is used as a modal-like verb (or semi-modal) indicating necessity or requirement.
    *   The bells *require* ringing (it is necessary/proper for them to be rung).
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the requirement for a result or a condition (e.g., "success requires hard work").
    *   Sense 2 focuses on needing something (e.g., "the piano wants attention").
    *   Sense 3 focuses on a feeling of need (e.g., "needing friends").

    *   "Bells need to be rung" means it is necessary or proper that the bells be rung.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper". This fits the idea that for the purpose of the church/tradition, it is proper/necessary that the bells be rung.
        *   Sense 2: "have need of". This usually implies a lack of something (the piano needs a tuner). While the bells "need" a ringer, the phrase "need to be rung" is a passive construction expressing necessity.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve".
    *   "The bells necessitate being rung" (a bit clunky, but fits the logic of requirement).
    *   "The bells require being rung" (fits well).

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "have need of". "The bells have need of being rung." (Also fits, but Sense 1's "require as useful, just, or proper" feels more aligned with the objective necessity of the task).

    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. "Need to [verb]" often maps to "require as useful, just, or proper" when it's about a necessity.
    *   Example 1: "success usually requires hard work" -> "success needs hard work".
    *   Context: "bells need to be rung" -> "it is required/proper that bells be rung".

    *   Sense 3 is clearly about a psychological or physical feeling of need ("feel a need for"), which doesn't apply to bells.
    *   Sense 2 is "have need of" (wanting something).
    *   Sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper".

    *   In "bells need to be rung", the "need" is an objective requirement for the function of the bells in the community. This aligns best with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: require as useful, just, or proper.
    *   Sense 2: have need of.
    *   Sense 3: have or feel a need for.

    If I say "The car needs to be washed," is that Sense 1 or Sense 2?
    Sense 2: "The car has need of washing."
    Sense 1: "It is proper/useful that the car be washed."

    Actually, looking at WordNet's typical distinctions:
    - `need` (verb)
        - 34:00: have need of (e.g., "this piano wants the attention of a competent tuner")
        - 42:00: require as useful, just, or proper (e.g., "success usually requires hard work")

    "Bells need to be rung" is very similar to "The piano wants the attention of a tuner" (Sense 2) in that the object (bells/piano) is in a state where an action is required. However, "need to be [past participle]" is a standard way to express necessity.

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper".
    Let's re-read Sense 2: "have need of".

    If the bells "need to be rung", it's because it's the proper thing to do in those parishes.

    Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1 again: "necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve".
    "The situation necessitates that the bells be rung."

    Let's check Sense 2: "want, require".
    "The bells require ringing."

    Actually, "need to be rung" is almost identical to "require ringing".

    Wait, let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "It takes nerve to do what she did" (take = require).
    Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" (want = need).

    "Bells need to be rung" is more like "The piano needs a tuner" than "Success requires hard work". The bells are the subject that "needs" the action.

    Wait, let me think again.
    Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper"
    Sense 2: "have need of"

    If I say "I need to go," that's a different sense (often not listed here or listed as a modal). But "the bells need to be rung" is passive.

    Let's compare:
    A: "The bells need to be rung." (It is necessary that they be rung).
    B: "The bells need a ringer." (They have need of a ringer).

    Both are very close. But "need to be rung" focuses on the necessity of the action.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "require as useful, just, or proper".
    If the bells *need* to be rung in rural parishes, it's because it's *proper* or *useful* for them to be rung there.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "have need of".
    Do the bells "have need of" being rung? Yes.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "success usually requires hard work" (Hard work is the requirement for success).
    Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" (The piano is the thing that lacks something).

    In "the bells need to be rung", the bells are the thing that "lacks" the action of being rung. This matches the "piano" example (Sense 2) better than the "success" example (Sense 1).

    Wait, let me double-check.
    Sense 1: [Subject] requires [Object] (Success requires hard work).
    Sense 2: [Subject] has need of [Object] (Piano wants attention).

    In "the bells need to be rung", the bells are the subject. They "have need of" being rung.

    Let's re-verify Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper".
    Could it be "The bells require [to be rung] as useful, just, or proper"? Yes.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "want, require".
    "The bells require being rung."

    This is tricky. Let's look at the difference between "require" in Sense 1 and "require" in Sense 2.
    Sense 1: necessitate, postulate, involve.
    Sense 2: want.

    "The bells want to be rung" (in the sense of needing it).

    Let's try to find this specific usage in a corpus or WordNet-based tool.
    "Need to be [verb-ed]" usually maps to the sense of necessity.

    If I have to choose between "require as useful, just, or proper" and "have need of", "have need of" (Sense 2) is often used for things that are deficient or need maintenance (like the piano). Bells that aren't being rung are "deficient" in their ringing.

    Let's re-read: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung".
    This means: "where it is necessary for the bells to be rung".

    Is "necessary" closer to "require as useful, just, or proper" (Sense 1) or "have need of" (Sense 2)?
    "Necessary" is a synonym for "require" in Sense 1 (necessitate).

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "have need of". This is often used for a person needing something or an object needing repair/attention.
    Example: "The house needs painting." (The house has need of painting).
    Example: "The bells need to be rung." (The bells have need of being rung).

    This matches the "piano" example perfectly.

    Sense 1: "Success requires hard work." (Hard work is a prerequisite).
    Sense 2: "The piano wants the attention of a tuner." (The piano is in a state of needing something).

    "The bells need to be rung" means the bells are in a state of needing to be rung.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ring`
    *   Target surface form: `rung` (past participle of `ring`)
    *   Context: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   The context is about church bell ringing, bell ringers, and the act of making bells sound.

    *   Sense 1: `sound loudly and sonorously` (intransitive - the bells rang).
    *   Sense 2: `ring or echo with sound` (intransitive - the hall resounded).
    *   Sense 3: `make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification` (transitive - Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday).
    *   Sense 4: `get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone` (transitive - call, telephone).
    *   Sense 5: `extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle` (transitive - surround).
    *   Sense 6: `attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify` (transitive - band).

    *   The sentence is: "...where the bells need to be rung".
    *   This is a passive construction. The active form would be "where [someone] needs to ring the bells".
    *   The action is making the church bells sound.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" and gives the example "Ring the bells". This matches the context perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 is intransitive (the bells ring).
    *   Sense 3 is transitive (someone rings the bells).
    *   In "bells need to be rung", "rung" is the passive participle of the transitive verb "ring". Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `small`
    *   Target surface form: `small`
    *   Context: "...like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `small%3:00:00::`: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (e.g., a little dining room, a little house).
        2.  `small%5:00:00:limited:00`: limited in size or scope (e.g., a small business, a newspaper with a modest circulation).
        3.  `small%5:00:00:young:00`: young, immature (children/animals).
        4.  `small%5:00:00:little:03`: slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope.
        5.  `small%5:00:00:inferior:01`: low or inferior in station or quality (e.g., a humble cottage, a lowly parish priest).
        6.  `small%5:00:00:lowercase:00`: lowercase.
        7.  `small%5:00:00:soft:04`: faint (voice).
        8.  `small%5:00:00:fine:00`: fine or very small constituent particles.
        9.  `small%5:00:00:moderate:00`: not large but sufficient in size or amount.
        10. `small%5:00:00:decreased:00`: made to seem smaller or less.

    *   The word "small" modifies "rural parishes".
    *   A "parish" in this context is a geographical area or a community served by a church.
    *   "Small, rural parishes" refers to parishes that are limited in size (geographic area) or population (number of people).

    *   Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (examples: dining room, house). This fits physical size or quantity.
    *   Sense 2: "limited in size or scope" (examples: small business, modest circulation). This fits organizational or scope-based size.
    *   Sense 5: "low or inferior in station or quality" (examples: humble cottage, lowly parish priest). While "rural parishes" might be humble, "small" here usually refers to size/population rather than status.

    *   Sense 1 is very general (physical size, number, quantity).
    *   Sense 2 is more about scope or scale (business, circulation).
    *   A "parish" can be seen as a physical area (Sense 1) or a community/organization (Sense 2).
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house". These are physical spaces.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 2: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation". These are entities defined by their scale.
    *   A "parish" is both a place and a community. However, "small rural parishes" typically refers to the size of the population or the geographic area.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is often used for physical dimensions. Sense 2 is often used for scale/scope.
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "limited in size or scope".
    *   In the phrase "small, rural parishes", "small" likely refers to the population (number) or the size of the area (extent). This aligns well with Sense 1.
    *   However, "small business" (Sense 2) is a very common usage of "small" for entities. Is a parish more like a house (Sense 1) or a business (Sense 2)?
    *   Actually, "small" in "small town" or "small village" (similar to small parish) usually refers to population size.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent". Population is a "number".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "limited in size or scope".
    *   Often, WordNet distinguishes between physical size (Sense 1) and scale/scope (Sense 2). A parish is a territorial unit.
    *   Let's check if "small" in "small parish" is more about the number of people or the physical size. Usually, it's the population.
    *   If it's population, "number" in Sense 1 fits.
    *   If it's the scale of the operation, "scope" in Sense 2 fits.
    *   Let's re-examine the examples. Sense 1: "little dining room", "little house". Sense 2: "small business", "modest circulation".
    *   A parish is an administrative/ecclesiastical district. "Small" here most likely means it has few people or is a small area.
    *   Comparing "small business" (Sense 2) and "small house" (Sense 1), a "small parish" feels closer to "small business" in terms of being an entity/organization, but closer to "small house" in terms of being a physical location.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "small" meaning "not large in size" (physical) is the most basic sense.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "limited in size or scope".
    *   This is a very fine distinction. Let's think about "small town". Is a small town "limited in size" (Sense 2) or "below average in number [of people]" (Sense 1)?
    *   Usually, "small" for towns/villages/parishes refers to population.
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions "number or quantity".
    *   Sense 2 mentions "size or scope".
    *   In the context of "small, rural parishes", it's likely referring to the small number of people (population) or the small geographic area. Both fit Sense 1 ("number", "extent").

    *   Sense 1: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent.
    *   Sense 2: limited in size or scope.
    *   Wait, "size" is in Sense 2. "Magnitude or extent" is in Sense 1.
    *   Is a parish's "size" its area or its population?
    *   If I say "a small town", I usually mean population.
    *   If I say "a small room", I mean physical size.
    *   Sense 1 covers "number" (population) and "extent" (area).
    *   Sense 2 covers "size" and "scope".
    *   This is tricky. Let's look at the synonyms.
    *   Sense 1: little.
    *   Sense 2: minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size.
    *   "Small-scale" (Sense 2) doesn't quite fit "small parish" as well as "little" (Sense 1) might, although "small-scale" is more about the operation.
    *   Actually, "small parish" is very similar to "small town". In most linguistic contexts, "small" modifying a place like a town or parish refers to its population (number).
    *   Sense 1: "limited or below average in number..."
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 again: "limited in size or scope".
    *   If "size" in Sense 2 means physical dimensions, then Sense 1 and Sense 2 are overlapping. But usually, WordNet separates physical size from other types of "smallness".
    *   Wait, Sense 1 examples are "a little dining room; a little house". These are physical.
    *   Sense 2 examples are "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation". These are scale/scope.
    *   A parish is an administrative unit. "Small" here likely refers to the scale of the parish (population/importance), making it more like a "small business" than a "small house".
    *   Let's re-evaluate. "Small, rural parishes". Rural parishes are often small in population.
    *   If we consider a parish as an organization/entity, Sense 2 (limited in size or scope) fits.
    *   If we consider a parish as a physical area, Sense 1 (limited in extent) fits.
    *   In the context of "lack of ringers", the problem is that there aren't enough people. So "small parishes" means parishes with few people. "Few people" = "limited in number".
    *   "Limited in number" is explicitly in Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent.
    *   Sense 2: limited in size or scope.
    *   If "small" refers to the number of people in the parish, Sense 1 is the most direct fit.

    *   Sense 5: "low or inferior in station or quality" (humble, lowly). "Small, rural parishes" could imply they are humble, but "small" usually means size/population first.
    *   Sense 9: "not large but sufficient in size or amount" (modest). This doesn't fit as well as Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: number, quantity, magnitude, extent. (Examples: dining room, house).
    *   Sense 2: size, scope. (Examples: business, circulation).
    *   A parish is a community/district. "Small" in this context almost always refers to the population (number of people).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 ("limited or below average in number") is the best fit.

    *   Wait, let me search for "small town" in WordNet.
    *   (Self-correction): In many WordNet versions, "small" for "small town" is categorized under the sense of "limited in size" or "limited in number".
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house" (Physical size/extent).
    *   Sense 2: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation" (Scale/scope).
    *   Is a "small parish" more like a "small house" or a "small business"?
    *   A parish is a geographic area (like a house/room) and a community (like a business).
    *   However, "small" in "small town" or "small parish" is most often about the population (number).
    *   Sense 1: "limited or below average in number..."
    *   Sense 2: "limited in size or scope".
    *   If "size" in Sense 2 means population size, then Sense 2 could work. But "number" in Sense 1 is more precise for population.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "limited in size or scope".
    *   Actually, "small business" is a classic example of "small-scale". A "small parish" is also "small-scale" in terms of its operations and population.
    *   But "small" in "small town" is so fundamental that it usually falls under the most general sense of "small" (Sense 1).

    *   Let's try to see if "small" in "small parish" is more about the *number* of people or the *scope* of the parish.
    *   Context: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes".
    *   This means there are not enough ringers in those parishes because the parishes themselves are small (few people).
    *   "Few people" = "limited in number".
    *   Sense 1: "limited or below average in number".

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again: "limited in size or scope".
    *   Could "size" here mean population size? Yes.
    *   Could "scope" mean the reach of the parish? Yes.
    *   But "number" is so explicit in Sense 1.

    *   Let's compare "small house" (Sense 1) and "small business" (Sense 2).
    *   A house is a physical object. A business is an organization.
    *   A parish is both a physical area and an organization.
    *   But "small" in "small town" is almost always Sense 1 in these types of disambiguation tasks, as it refers to the population (number).

    *   Let's double-check Sense 5: "low or inferior in station or quality". "Lowly parish priest" is given as an example. A "small parish" could be a "lowly parish". But "small" usually means size/population unless the context strongly suggests status. Here, the context is about the *location* and *availability* of ringers, which is a matter of population/size, not status.

    *   Final check:
        Sense 1: number, quantity, magnitude, extent.
        Sense 2: size, scope.
        "Small, rural parishes" -> limited number of people or limited extent of area.
        Sense 1 fits "number" and "extent".

    *   Wait, let me think one more time. Is there any reason to prefer Sense 2?
        Sense 2 synonyms: minor, modest, small-scale.
        "Small-scale rural parishes" - possible.
        "Minor rural parishes" - not really.
        "Modest rural parishes" - possible, but not common.
        Sense 1 synonym: little.
        "Little rural parishes" - very common.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 seems more likely.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `council`
    *   Context: The text discusses bell ringing in churches, the lack of ringers, and a program to attract and train new ringers. The sentence is: "But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `council%1:14:01::`: a body serving in an administrative capacity (e.g., student council).
        2.  `council%1:14:02::`: (Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops... convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine.
        3.  `council%1:14:00::`: a meeting of people for consultation (e.g., emergency council).

    *   The "council" in the text has a "program to attract and train ringers."
    *   This implies a permanent or semi-permanent organization that manages activities (administrative capacity), rather than a one-time meeting (sense 3) or a high-level ecclesiastical assembly focused on doctrine/discipline (sense 2).
    *   The context refers to the organization responsible for bell ringing (likely the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, though not explicitly named, the function is administrative).

    *   Sense 1: Administrative body. (Fits well: they run a program).
    *   Sense 2: Ecclesiastical assembly for doctrine/discipline. (Does not fit: training bell ringers is not a matter of doctrine or discipline).
    *   Sense 3: A meeting for consultation. (Does not fit: a "meeting" doesn't typically run a multi-year training program).

    *   The "council" is an administrative body overseeing bell ringing. This matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "program"
    *   Context: "But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the lack of bell ringers, efforts to speak to students, publishing a booklet, and the goal of attracting and training new ringers.

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan, programme).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (programme).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show (broadcast).
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event (programme).
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies (curriculum).
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions for a computer.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The "program to attract and train ringers" is an organized effort or a system of activities/projects designed to solve a problem (lack of ringers).
    *   Sense 1 (plan/series of steps) is close.
    *   Sense 2 (system of projects or services intended to meet a public need) is also very close.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" (e.g., "six-step plan").
        *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (e.g., "program of public works", "day care program").
    *   The "council's program to attract and train ringers" sounds more like an ongoing system of activities/services (Sense 2) than a simple list of steps (Sense 1). It's an initiative to address a societal/community need (the preservation of bell ringing).

    *   Sense 1 is more about a specific plan for a specific goal.
    *   Sense 2 is more about an organized effort/initiative to provide a service or meet a need.
    *   "Attract and train ringers" is an ongoing initiative/effort.

    *   Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "program of public works", "day care program". These are institutionalized efforts.
    *   The "council's program" fits this description well.

    *   Is it a "course of academic studies" (Sense 6)? No, although it involves training, it's not a university curriculum.
    *   Is it a "plan" (Sense 1)? It could be, but "program" in the sense of an organized initiative is usually Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: plan, programme.
    *   Sense 2: programme.
    *   In British English (the context is England), "programme" is used for both.
    *   Looking at the context again: "the council's program to attract and train ringers". This is an organized effort/initiative.

    *   Sense 1: "they drew up a six-step plan" (more like a specific strategy).
    *   Sense 2: "he proposed an elaborate program of public works" (more like a broad initiative).
    *   The council's effort to attract and train ringers is a broad initiative.

    *   Sense 2 fits best as it describes a system of projects/services to meet a need.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `attract`
    *   Target surface form: `attract`
    *   Context: "...the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `attract%2:35:00::`: direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes (synonyms: pull, pull in, draw, draw in; examples: "Her good looks attract the stares of many men", "The ad pulled in many potential customers").
        2.  `attract%2:37:00::`: be attractive to (synonyms: appeal; examples: "The idea of a vacation appeals to me", "The beautiful garden attracted many people").
        3.  `attract%2:35:01::`: exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away (example: "the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies").

    *   The sentence is about a program to "attract and train ringers".
    *   "Ringers" refers to people who ring bells.
    *   The goal is to get new people to join the activity of bell ringing.
    *   This is a psychological/social pull to get people interested and involved.

    *   Sense 3 (gravitational/physical force) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (be attractive to/appeal) describes the quality of being appealing (e.g., "The garden attracted many people" - though this example is close, the definition "be attractive to" is more about the state of being appealing).
    *   Sense 1 (direct toward itself... by means of some psychological power) describes the action of drawing people in (e.g., "The ad pulled in many potential customers").

    *   "The council's program to attract and train ringers..."
    *   The program is designed to *draw in* or *pull in* new people to become ringers.
    *   Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power... synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in". This fits perfectly with a recruitment program.
    *   Sense 2: "be attractive to... synonyms=appeal". While the program might *be* attractive, the verb "attract" here is used transitively to mean recruiting or drawing people in.

    *   Sense 1 is about the action of drawing people in (recruiting).
    *   Sense 2 is about the quality of being appealing.
    *   In "program to attract and train ringers", "attract" is an active verb meaning to bring people into the activity. This aligns best with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers" (very similar to a program attracting ringers).
    *   Sense 2: "The beautiful garden attracted many people" (this is also similar, but the definition "be attractive to" is slightly different from the active recruitment implied by "program to attract and train").

    Wait, let's look closer at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes"
    Sense 2: "be attractive to"

    If the program "attracts ringers", it is drawing them in.
    Example for Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers."
    Example for Sense 2: "The beautiful garden attracted many people."

    Actually, "attract ringers" is almost identical to "attract many people" or "pull in potential customers".
    However, "attract and train" suggests a process of recruitment.
    Sense 1's synonyms "pull in, draw in" fit the recruitment context better than "appeal".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "be attractive to". If the program "attracts ringers", does it mean the program "is attractive to ringers"? Yes, but the usage "attract [object]" usually maps to the action of drawing them in.

    Comparing the examples:
    Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers"
    Sense 2: "The beautiful garden attracted many people"

    Both are very similar. Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes"
    Sense 2: "be attractive to"

    In "program to attract and train ringers", the program is the agent doing the attracting.
    Sense 1 is an active process of drawing someone in.
    Sense 2 is more about the quality of the subject.

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, "attract" as in "attract customers" or "attract attention" is Sense 1. "Attract" as in "the idea appeals to me" is Sense 2.

    Let's check the context again: "the council's program to attract and train ringers". This is definitely about recruitment/drawing people in.

    Sense 1: direct toward itself... (pull in, draw in).
    Sense 2: be attractive to (appeal).

    "Attract ringers" = "Draw in ringers".
    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `train`
    *   Target surface form: `train`
    *   Context: "...the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful..."
    *   Meaning: The council is trying to teach people how to be bell ringers.

    *   Sense 1: `create by training and teaching` (develop, prepare, educate). Example: "training world-class violinists".
    *   Sense 2: `undergo training or instruction` (intransitive). Example: "She is training to be a teacher". (The target "train ringers" is transitive).
    *   Sense 3: `develop (children's) behavior` (discipline). Example: "discipline their children".
    *   Sense 4: `educate for a future role or function` (prepare, groom). Example: "grooming his son to become his successor".
    *   Sense 5: `teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment`. Example: "Train your tastebuds".
    *   Sense 6: `point or cause to go... towards` (aim). Example: "trained his gun".
    *   Sense 7: `teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports`. Example: "training our Olympic team".
    *   Sense 8: `exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition`. Example: "training for the Olympics".
    *   Sense 9: `cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it`. Example: "train the vine".
    *   Sense 10: `travel by rail or train`. Example: "trained to Hamburg".
    *   Sense 11: `drag loosely along a surface`. Example: "trained her long scarf".

    *   The context is "train ringers" (bell ringers).
    *   This is about teaching a skill (bell ringing).
    *   Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" (develop, prepare, educate).
    *   Sense 4: "educate for a future role or function" (prepare, groom).
    *   Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports".

    *   Sense 7 is specifically mentioned as "as in sports". Bell ringing is a skill/art, not necessarily a sport, though it requires physical coordination.
    *   Sense 4 is more about grooming for a role (like a successor or a king).
    *   Sense 1 is "create by training and teaching". This fits well with developing a pool of skilled people (ringers).

    Let's re-examine Sense 1 vs Sense 7.
    Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" (synonyms: develop, prepare, educate). Example: "training world-class violinists".
    Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports".

    Bell ringing is more like playing an instrument (violinists) than a sport. Therefore, Sense 1 is a better fit than Sense 7.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 4 again: "educate for a future role or function". "Ringer" is a role. But "train ringers" usually means teaching them the skill.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4:
    Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" (develop, prepare, educate).
    Sense 4: "educate for a future role or function" (prepare, groom).

    "Train ringers" is about teaching the skill of bell ringing. Sense 1's example "training world-class violinists" is very similar to "training bell ringers".

    Let's double-check Sense 7 again. "Coach" is a synonym. Bell ringing is often taught by a coach or mentor, but Sense 1's "create by training and teaching" seems broader and more applicable to a general program to "attract and train ringers".

    Actually, looking at Sense 1 again: "create by training and teaching". This fits the context of a program designed to produce new ringers.

    Let's check if there are any other options.
    Sense 2 is intransitive.
    Sense 3 is about behavior/discipline.
    Sense 5 is about taste.
    Sense 6 is about aiming.
    Sense 8 is about exercising.
    Sense 9 is about plants.
    Sense 10 is about trains.
    Sense 11 is about trailing.

    So it's between 1, 4, and 7.
    Sense 1: create by training and teaching (violinists).
    Sense 4: educate for a future role (successor, king).
    Sense 7: teach and supervise (sports).

    Bell ringing is a skill/art. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses "bell ringing," "theological colleges," "vicar," "church life," "trained bellringers," and "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
    *   Specific sentence: "But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful..."

    *   Sense 1: `ringer%1:18:02::` - a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation). Synonyms: toller, bell ringer.
    *   Sense 2: `ringer%1:18:01::` - a person who is almost identical to another. Synonyms: dead ringer, clone.
    *   Sense 3: `ringer%1:18:00::` - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
    *   Sense 4: `ringer%1:04:00::` - (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg.

    *   The context is explicitly about "bell ringing" and "trained bellringers."
    *   The target word "ringers" refers to the people being trained to ring these bells.
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "only"
    *   Target surface form: "only"
    *   Context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

    *   Sense 1: "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just, but). Example: "I was merely asking."
    *   Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone). Example: "was entirely to blame."
    *   Sense 3: "with nevertheless the final result". Example: "He arrived only to find his wife dead."
    *   Sense 4: "in the final outcome". Example: "These news will only make you more upset."
    *   Sense 5: "except that". Example: "It was the same story; only this time she came out better."
    *   Sense 6: "never except when" (only if, only when). Example: "call me only if your cold gets worse."
    *   Sense 7: "as recently as". Example: "I spoke to him only an hour ago."

    *   Sentence: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful..."
    *   Meaning: The program is *merely* partly successful; it's not fully successful.
    *   Substitution test:
        *   "merely partly successful" (Works)
        *   "simply partly successful" (Works)
        *   "just partly successful" (Works)
        *   "exclusively partly successful" (Doesn't fit well)
        *   "solely partly successful" (Doesn't fit well)

    *   Sense 1 ("and nothing more" / merely, simply, just) fits perfectly. It modifies "partly successful" to indicate that the success is limited.

    *   Sense 2 is about exclusivity (e.g., "only I know").
    *   Sense 3 is about a surprising or disappointing result (e.g., "only to find").
    *   Sense 4 is about a future outcome (e.g., "will only make").
    *   Sense 5 is a conjunction meaning "but" or "except".
    *   Sense 6 is a conditional.
    *   Sense 7 is about time.

    *   The word "only" in "only partly successful" is used as an adverb of degree/limitation, meaning "merely" or "just". This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: "...But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin."
    *   Surrounding context: Mr. Baldwin is speaking about the state of bell ringing, the lack of ringers, and the effectiveness of the council's program.

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - General communication of information.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Often used for claims that might be disputed or formal reports.
    *   Sense 3: express a supposition (suppose) - Hypothetical ("Let's say...").
    *   Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read) - Used for texts/laws ("The sign says...").
    *   Sense 5: give instructions to or direct (order, tell) - Command.
    *   Sense 6: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce) - Phonetics/articulation.
    *   Sense 7: communicate or express nonverbally - (e.g., a painting).
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud - (e.g., "She said 'Hello'").
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - (e.g., "I say let's forget this").
    *   Sense 10: recite or repeat a fixed text - (e.g., "Say grace").
    *   Sense 11: indicate - (e.g., "The clock says noon").

    *   The sentence is: "...But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin."
    *   Mr. Baldwin is stating a fact or his observation about the program's success.
    *   This is a standard reporting verb used to attribute a statement to a speaker.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 (express in words/state/tell) is the most general and common use for reporting speech.
        *   Sense 2 (report or maintain/allege/aver) usually implies a claim that might be contested or a more formal assertion.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 9:
        *   Sense 9 is more about declaring an opinion or making a proposal ("I say let's go").
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8:
        *   Sense 8 is about the physical act of uttering a specific word or phrase ("She said 'Hello'").

    *   The usage here is a classic reporting clause ("...says Mr. Baldwin"). This fits best with "express in words" or "state".

    *   Sense 1: express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her.
    *   This matches the context perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - Fits.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Too strong/specific.
    *   Sense 4: read (text) - Not a text.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud - Not just the act of uttering, but the content of the statement.
    *   Sense 9: state as opinion/declare - Possible, but Sense 1 is the primary reporting sense.

    *   The target word "says" is used to attribute a statement to Mr. Baldwin. This is the most basic meaning of "say" (to state or express in words).

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her."
    *   Context: "...says Mr. Baldwin." (Mr. Baldwin stated that the program is only partly successful).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `right`
    *   Target surface form: `Right`
    *   Context: "...the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. '<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,' he adds."
    *   Target word usage: "Right now"

    *   1: precisely, exactly (e.g., "stand right here!")
    *   2: immediately (e.g., "she called right after dinner")
    *   3: exactly (synonym: flop) - *Wait, "flop" as a synonym for "exactly" seems wrong in the provided list, but let's look at the definition.*
    *   4: toward or on the right (direction)
    *   5: in the right manner (properly)
    *   6: interjection expressing agreement
    *   7: completely (e.g., "right at home")
    *   8: (Southern regional intensive) very
    *   9: in accordance with moral or social standards (justly)
    *   10: in an accurate manner (correctly)

    *   "Right now" in this context means "at the present moment" or "immediately/currently".
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "precisely, exactly" (e.g., "stand right here!") - This is often used for location or time ("right now" can mean "exactly now").
        *   Sense 2: "immediately" (e.g., "she called right after dinner") - "Right now" often means immediately.
    *   Let's re-evaluate "Right now". In the sentence "Right now, we're lucky if...", it means "at this present time" or "currently".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 ("precisely, exactly") and Sense 2 ("immediately").
    *   Actually, "right now" as "at the present moment" is very close to "immediately" or "precisely now".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "immediately" (example: "she called right after dinner"). "Right after" is a temporal marker. "Right now" is also a temporal marker.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "precisely, exactly" (example: "stand right here!"). "Right here" is a locational marker.
    *   In many dictionaries, "right now" is treated as "immediately" or "at this very moment".
    *   Wait, let's look at the options again. Is there a better one?
    *   Sense 2: "immediately". "Right now" = "immediately".
    *   Sense 1: "precisely, exactly". "Right now" = "exactly now".

    *   "Right now, we're lucky if..."
    *   This is used as a temporal adverbial meaning "currently" or "at the present time".
    *   Between "precisely/exactly" and "immediately", "immediately" (Sense 2) is often used for "right [time expression]".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "she called right after dinner".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "stand right here!".
    *   "Right now" is more similar to "right after dinner" (temporal) than "right here" (spatial).

    *   Sense 1: precisely, exactly.
    *   Sense 2: immediately.
    *   In the phrase "Right now", "right" acts as an intensifier for "now".
    *   If "right after" = "immediately after", then "right now" = "immediately now" (though "immediately" usually implies a start, "right now" implies the current state).
    *   Actually, "right now" often means "at this very moment".
    *   Let's check if "precisely" (Sense 1) fits better. "Precisely now".
    *   Let's check "immediately" (Sense 2). "Immediately now" is redundant.
    *   Wait, "right after dinner" means "immediately after dinner".
    *   "Right now" means "at this moment".
    *   Let's look at the WordNet senses for "right" (adverb).
    *   right (adv):
        1.  precisely, exactly (right here)
        2.  immediately (right after)
        3.  completely (right at home)
        4.  correctly (guessed right)
        5.  properly (do it right)
    *   In the context of "Right now", it's an intensifier for a time expression. This matches the pattern of "right after dinner".

    *   Sense 1: precisely, exactly (stand right here!)
    *   Sense 2: immediately (she called right after dinner)
    *   "Right now" is a temporal expression. "Right after dinner" is a temporal expression. "Right here" is a spatial expression.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the most consistent fit for temporal intensification.

    *   Wait, "Right now" can mean "at the present time" (currently).
    *   Does "immediately" cover "currently"?
    *   "I need it right now" = "I need it immediately".
    *   "Right now, we're lucky..." = "At this moment, we're lucky...".
    *   Is "immediately" the best fit for "at this moment"?
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "precisely, exactly". "Exactly now".
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "right now" is mapped to the "immediately" or "precisely" sense.
    *   Let's re-examine:
        Sense 1: precisely, exactly (stand right here!)
        Sense 2: immediately (she called right after dinner)
    *   "Right now" is very similar to "right away" (immediately).
    *   Let's try to see if "right now" means "precisely now" or "immediately".
    *   In "Right now, we're lucky...", it means "Currently".
    *   "Immediately" can mean "at once" or "without any intervening time".
    *   "Precisely" can mean "exactly".
    *   If I say "Right now, I am eating", I don't mean "Immediately I am eating", I mean "At this exact moment I am eating".
    *   This points toward Sense 1 ("precisely, exactly").

    *   Sense 1: precisely, exactly. Example: "stand right here!" (Right + location)
    *   Sense 2: immediately. Example: "she called right after dinner" (Right + time)
    *   "Right now" is (Right + time).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the more likely intended sense for temporal modifiers.

    *   "Right now" = "at this very moment".
    *   "Right after" = "immediately after".
    *   Both use "right" to emphasize the immediacy or precision of the time.
    *   Sense 2 specifically lists "immediately" and gives a temporal example.
    *   Sense 1 lists "precisely, exactly" and gives a spatial example.
    *   Given the choice, the temporal example in Sense 2 makes it the stronger candidate for "Right now".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "now"
    *   Target surface form: "now"
    *   Context: "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10"
    *   Surrounding text: Discussing the current state of bellringers in England, the lack of ringers, and the difficulty in retaining new ones.

    *   Sense 1: Historical present (narrating past events). (Not applicable here; the text is about a current situation).
    *   Sense 2: In these times; nowadays; today. (Broadly applicable to the general situation described in the text).
    *   Sense 3: Preface to command/reproof/request. (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 4: At the present moment; at present. (Specific point in time or current state).
    *   Sense 5: Without delay; immediately. (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 6: Change of subject/activity. (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 7: In the immediate past. (Not applicable).

    *   The phrase is "Right now".
    *   "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10."
    *   This refers to the current state of affairs or the present moment in time.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 ("in these times; nowadays") and Sense 4 ("at the present moment; at present").
    *   "Right now" often emphasizes the immediate present (Sense 4) or the current general period (Sense 2).
    *   Looking at the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today...". The text is discussing the current era/situation.
    *   However, "Right now" specifically usually maps to "at present" or "at the present moment".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "in these times; nowadays, today".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 4: "at the present moment; at present".
    *   In the sentence "Right now, we're lucky if...", the speaker is describing the current status of their retention rate. This is a state that exists "at present".
    *   Usually, "nowadays" (Sense 2) is used for general trends over a period. "Right now" is more immediate.
    *   Example for Sense 4: "goods now on sale".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles".
    *   "Right now" is a very common intensifier for "at present" (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 2: nowadays, today.
    *   Sense 4: at present, at the present moment.
    *   "Right now" = "At present".
    *   The sentence "Right now, we're lucky if..." means "At present, we're lucky if...".

    *   Sense 4 is the most precise fit for "Right now" in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lucky
Target surface form: lucky
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lucky`
    *   Context: "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,"
    *   Meaning: In this context, "we're lucky if..." means that achieving a 10% retention rate is considered a positive or fortunate outcome, given the difficulty of the situation. It's expressing a low expectation where even a small success is seen as a stroke of good fortune.

    *   Sense 1: `occurring by chance` (e.g., "a lucky escape", "a lucky guess"). This refers to a specific event happening by chance.
    *   Sense 2: `having or bringing good fortune` (e.g., "my lucky day", "a lucky man"). This refers to a person or a day characterized by good luck.
    *   Sense 3: `presaging or likely to bring good luck` (e.g., "a favorable time to ask for a raise"). This refers to conditions being favorable.

    *   The phrase "we're lucky if..." is a common idiomatic construction.
    *   Does it mean "occurring by chance" (Sense 1)? No.
    *   Does it mean "having or bringing good fortune" (Sense 2)? Yes, in the sense that the people ("we") would be fortunate/lucky if that outcome occurred.
    *   Does it mean "presaging or likely to bring good luck" (Sense 3)? No, it's not about a propitious time or sign.

    *   "We're lucky if..." is essentially saying "We would be fortunate if...".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is about the *event* being lucky (a lucky guess). Sense 2 is about the *person* being lucky (a lucky man). In "we're lucky", the subject "we" (the people) are the ones who would be fortunate.

    *   Sense 1: `occurring by chance` (The *event* is lucky).
    *   Sense 2: `having or bringing good fortune` (The *person* is lucky).
    *   Sense 3: `presaging or likely to bring good luck` (The *circumstances* are lucky/favorable).

    In "we're lucky if...", the "we" are the ones who would possess the state of being fortunate. This aligns best with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (standard calendar year).
        2.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year used for some particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun (astronomical year).
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class).

    *   The sentence is: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10".
    *   The phrase "five years" refers to a duration of time.
    *   It's not referring to a specific academic year (sense 2), an astronomical revolution (sense 3), or a graduating class (sense 4).
    *   It refers to the standard measure of time (365/366 days).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate.