[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sector`
    *   Target surface form: `sectors`
    *   Context: "...puts downward pressure on the <t>sectors</t> that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Geometry (plane figure bounded by two radii).
        2.  Social/Economic group (part of society or economy, e.g., public sector).
        3.  Particular aspect of life or activity (sphere).
        4.  Computing (minimum track length for data).
        5.  Military (portion of a position).
        6.  Measuring instrument.

    *   The context is about the stock market, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, and "Technology securities".
    *   The phrase is "sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation".
    *   In a financial/economic context, "sectors" refers to parts of the economy (e.g., the technology sector, the energy sector, the public sector).

    *   Sense 1: Geometry - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy" (Example: "the public sector"). This fits perfectly with economic sectors (like technology, retail, etc.).
    *   Sense 3: "a particular aspect of life or activity" (Synonym: sphere). This is more general/abstract than the economic division described.
    *   Sense 4: Computing - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Military - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: Instrument - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "part of the society or the economy".
    *   The context discusses economic indicators and "Technology securities" (which belong to the technology sector of the economy).

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: situation
Target surface form: situation
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=situation%1:26:00:: | definition=the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; ; ; - Franklin D.Roosevelt | synonyms=state of affairs | examples=the present international situation is dangerous; wondered how such a state of affairs had come about
2. sense_key=situation%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=position | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
3. sense_key=situation%1:26:02:: | definition=a complex or critical or unusual difficulty | examples=the dangerous situation developed suddenly; that's quite a situation
4. sense_key=situation%1:15:00:: | definition=physical position in relation to the surroundings | synonyms=site | examples=the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
5. sense_key=situation%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `situation`
    *   Context: "...puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `situation%1:26:00::`: the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time (synonym: state of affairs).
        2.  `situation%1:26:01::`: a condition or position in which you find yourself (synonym: position).
        3.  `situation%1:26:02::`: a complex or critical or unusual difficulty.
        4.  `situation%1:15:00::`: physical position in relation to the surroundings (synonym: site).
        5.  `situation%1:04:00::`: a job in an organization (synonym: position, post).

    *   The phrase is "economic situation".
    *   The context discusses market trends, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, and the value of the dollar.
    *   "Economic situation" refers to the overall state of the economy (the general state of things/combination of circumstances).

    *   Sense 1: "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time" (e.g., "the present international situation is dangerous"). This fits "economic situation" perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a condition or position in which you find yourself" (e.g., "unpleasant situation of having to choose"). This is more personal or specific to an entity's predicament.
    *   Sense 3: "a complex or critical or unusual difficulty" (e.g., "dangerous situation"). While an economic situation *could* be critical, the phrase "economic situation" generally refers to the state of affairs, not necessarily a crisis.
    *   Sense 4: "physical position" (site). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "a job in an organization". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for "economic situation" in this context.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `security`
    *   Target surface form: `securities`
    *   Context: "Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions "trading volumes", "economic indicators", "market opinion", "retail sales", "indices", "dollar", "Euro", "sectors", "bond market".

    *   Sense 1: state of being free from danger (national security).
    *   Sense 2: defense against financial failure (pension, insurance).
    *   Sense 3: freedom from anxiety or fear.
    *   Sense 4: a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends (synonym: certificate; example: "he held several valuable securities").
    *   Sense 5: property that your creditor can claim (collateral/surety).
    *   Sense 6: a department responsible for security.
    *   Sense 7: a guarantee that an obligation will be met.
    *   Sense 8: an electrical device (alarm).
    *   Sense 9: measures taken as a precaution against theft/espionage.

    *   The context is clearly about the financial markets (trading volumes, indices, bond market, technology sectors).
    *   "Technology securities" refers to financial instruments (like stocks or bonds) issued by technology companies.
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "finance and investment" and "the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends," and the example uses the plural "securities."

    *   Sense 4 is the only one that fits the financial instrument meaning of "securities" in the context of trading and markets.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ground
Target surface form: ground
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ground%1:17:00:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
2. sense_key=ground%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=reason | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
3. sense_key=ground%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=earth | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
4. sense_key=ground%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, basis | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
5. sense_key=ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground
6. sense_key=ground%1:09:00:: | definition=the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground | synonyms=background | examples=he posed her against a background of rolling hills
7. sense_key=ground%1:17:01:: | definition=material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use) | synonyms=land, soil | examples=the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil
8. sense_key=ground%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
9. sense_key=ground%1:06:02:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=earth
10. sense_key=ground%1:06:01:: | definition=(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
11. sense_key=ground%1:06:00:: | definition=the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface | synonyms=flat coat, primer, priming, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ground`
    *   Target surface form: `ground`
    *   Context: "Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses financial markets, retail sales, economic indicators, the dollar's rise, and the impact on various sectors. "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground" means they have decreased in value or lost their previous position/advantage in the market.

    *   Sense 1: solid part of earth's surface (land).
    *   Sense 2: rational motive for belief (reason).
    *   Sense 3: loose soft material (earth).
    *   Sense 4: relation providing foundation (footing, basis).
    *   Sense 5: a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle). Example: "they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground".
    *   Sense 6: part of a scene behind objects (background).
    *   Sense 7: top layer of earth for plants (soil).
    *   Sense 8: homogeneous percept behind a figure.
    *   Sense 9: electrical connection to earth.
    *   Sense 10: surface prepared for paint.
    *   Sense 11: first coat of paint (primer).

    *   The phrase "lost some ground" in a financial context is a metaphorical use of a military term.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle)" and provides the example "they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground".
    *   This fits perfectly with "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground," meaning they lost their market position or value.

    *   Sense 1, 3, 7 are literal earth/soil.
    *   Sense 2 is about reasons.
    *   Sense 4 is about a foundation/basis.
    *   Sense 6, 8 are about background.
    *   Sense 9 is electrical.
    *   Sense 10, 11 are about painting.

    *   Sense 5 is the only one that fits the metaphorical usage of gaining or losing "ground" in a competitive or market context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bond`
    *   Target surface form: `bond`
    *   Context: "The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
    *   Key phrases: "bond market", "Treasury 10-year bond yields", "30-year bond yields".

    *   Sense 1: electrical force linking atoms (chemical bond) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: certificate of debt issued by government or corporation (bond certificate) - Correct. This fits "Treasury 10-year bond" and "bond market".
    *   Sense 3: connection based on kinship/marriage/interest (alliance) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: money forfeited if accused fails to appear (bail) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: restraint that confines freedom (shackle) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: connection that fastens things together (attachment) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: superior quality of white writing paper (bond paper) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: US civil rights leader (Julian Bond) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: British secret operative (James Bond) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 10: property of sticking together (adhesiveness) - Incorrect.

    *   The context refers to financial instruments issued by the US Treasury (government debt).
    *   Sense 2 specifically defines a "certificate of debt... issued by a government or corporation".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond <t>yields</t> have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `yield`
    *   Target surface form: `yields`
    *   Context: "Treasury 10-year bond <t>yields</t> have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
    *   Key phrases: "Treasury 10-year bond yields", "grown to 3.540%", "30-year bond yields".

    *   Sense 1: `yield%1:04:00::` - production of a certain amount (output). (Industrial/Agricultural)
    *   Sense 2: `yield%1:21:00::` - the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property (return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff). Example: "the average return was about 5%". (Financial)
    *   Sense 3: `yield%1:06:00::` - an amount of a product (fruit). (Agricultural)
    *   Sense 4: `yield%1:23:00::` - the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) (output, production). (Industrial/Agricultural)

    *   The context is about bond markets and percentages (3.540%, 4.497%).
    *   In finance, a "bond yield" is the return an investor realizes on a bond.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "income or profit arising from such transactions" and gives an example "the average return was about 5%", which perfectly matches the context of bond yields expressed as percentages.

    *   Sense 1, 3, and 4 are related to production/output (agricultural or industrial).
    *   Sense 2 is the financial return.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "evening"
    *   Target surface form: "evening"
    *   Context: "...Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `evening%1:28:00`: the latter part of the day (decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall).
        2.  `evening%1:28:01`: a later concluding time period (e.g., "evening of the Roman Empire").
        3.  `evening%1:28:02`: the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way (e.g., "an evening at the opera").

    *   The sentence refers to a specific time of day on Tuesday ("Tuesday evening") and "the previous evening" when bond yields were recorded.
    *   This is a reference to the time of day, not a metaphorical "concluding time period" (Sense 2) and not a "special way" of spending time (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)". This fits the standard usage of "Tuesday evening".
    *   Sense 2: "a later concluding time period". This is metaphorical/figurative. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "the early part of night... spent in a special way". This refers to an event or a specific experience. Not applicable here.

    *   The context uses "evening" as a time marker for financial data. This is the literal time of day. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year <t>bond</t> yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bond`
    *   Target surface form: `bond`
    *   Context: "The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year <t>bond</t> yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
    *   Key phrases: "bond market", "Treasury 10-year bond yields", "30-year bond yields".

    *   Sense 1: electrical force linking atoms (chemical bond) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: certificate of debt issued by government or corporation (bond certificate) - Correct. This fits "bond market", "Treasury bond", and "yields".
    *   Sense 3: connection based on kinship/marriage/interest (alliance) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: money forfeited if accused fails to appear (bail) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: restraint that confines freedom (shackle) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: connection that fastens things together (attachment) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: superior quality of writing paper (bond paper) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: Julian Bond (civil rights leader) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: James Bond (007) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 10: property of sticking together (adhesiveness) - Incorrect.

    *   The context is clearly about finance, specifically government debt instruments (Treasury bonds) and their yields in the market.
    *   Sense 2 describes a "certificate of debt... issued by a government or corporation". This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `yield`
    *   Target surface form: `yields`
    *   Context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
    *   Key phrases: "Treasury 10-year bond yields", "30-year bond yields", "grown to 3.540%", "are at 4.497%".

    *   Sense 1: `yield%1:04:00::` | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output. (General production)
    *   Sense 2: `yield%1:21:00::` | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%. (Financial return/profit)
    *   Sense 3: `yield%1:06:00::` | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit. (Agricultural/Product amount)
    *   Sense 4: `yield%1:23:00::` | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter. (Industrial/Commodity output)

    *   The context is about bond markets ("Treasury 10-year bond yields", "30-year bond yields").
    *   The values are percentages (3.540%, 4.497%).
    *   In finance, a bond yield is the return an investor realizes on a bond.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "income or profit arising from such transactions" and provides an example "the average return was about 5%". This matches the financial context and the percentage values perfectly.

    *   Sense 1, 3, and 4 all relate to production/output (agricultural or industrial).
    *   Sense 2 relates to financial return.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "evening"
    *   Target surface form: "evening"
    *   Context: "...Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>."

    *   Sense 1: "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)" (General time of day).
    *   Sense 2: "a later concluding time period" (Metaphorical/Historical, e.g., "evening of the Roman Empire").
    *   Sense 3: "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way" (Social/Event-based, e.g., "an evening at the opera").

    *   The sentence refers to bond yields on "Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening".
    *   This is a reference to a specific time of day when financial data was recorded.
    *   It is not referring to a historical era (Sense 2).
    *   It is not referring to a social event or a special way of spending time (Sense 3).
    *   It refers to the time of day (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate as it describes the time of day.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deals`
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies..."
    *   Meaning: The Iraqi Oil Ministry has come to agreements with 10 foreign oil companies.

    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02` - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00` - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: `deal%1:23:00` - a large number or amount or extent.
    *   Sense 4: `deal%1:27:00` - a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: `deal%1:27:01` - wood that is easy to saw.
    *   Sense 6: `deal%1:14:00` - cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 7: `deal%1:11:00` - the type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: `deal%1:04:00` - the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: `deal%1:04:01` - the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" strongly implies formal agreements between the Ministry and the companies.
    *   Sense 1 (buying/selling) is close, but "reaches deals" is a common collocation for "reaches agreements."
    *   Sense 2 (an agreement between parties fixing obligations) fits perfectly. "Reaching a deal" is a standard idiom for arriving at an agreement.

    *   Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling" (more about the transaction itself).
    *   Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" (more about the contract/agreement).
    *   In the context of a government ministry and foreign companies rebuilding infrastructure, these are complex agreements/contracts, not just simple buy/sell transactions.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `concern`
    *   Target surface form: `concerns`
    *   Context: "Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `concern%1:09:00::`: something that interests you because it is important or affects you (e.g., safety of the ship).
        2.  `concern%1:12:01::`: an anxious feeling (synonyms: care, fear).
        3.  `concern%1:12:00::`: a feeling of sympathy for someone or something.
        4.  `concern%1:09:01::`: something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness (synonyms: worry, headache, vexation).
        5.  `concern%1:14:00::`: a commercial or industrial enterprise.

    *   The sentence says "Despite concerns about violence and political instability..."
    *   Here, "concerns" refers to the things (violence and political instability) that are causing anxiety or worry for the oil companies or the government.
    *   It's not just a general "feeling" (sense 2), but rather the *sources* of the anxiety (the violence and instability themselves).
    *   Let's compare sense 2 and sense 4.
        *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling" (internal state).
        *   Sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" (external source).
    *   In "concerns about violence", the "concerns" are the worries *about* those things. Often, "concerns about X" can be interpreted as either the feeling of worry or the specific issues causing the worry.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 4: "New York traffic is a constant concern" (Traffic = the source).
        *   Sense 2: "care had aged him" (Care = the feeling).
    *   In the context "concerns about violence", the "concerns" are the worries/issues. If we replace "concerns" with "worries" (synonym for sense 4), it fits perfectly: "Despite worries about violence..."
    *   If we replace it with "anxious feelings" (sense 2), it also fits: "Despite anxious feelings about violence..."
    *   However, in professional/journalistic contexts, "concerns about [issue]" usually refers to the issues themselves being sources of worry (sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: "something that interests you because it is important" (Too neutral).
    *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling" (Internal state).
    *   Sense 3: "feeling of sympathy" (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" (External source/worry).
    *   Sense 5: "commercial enterprise" (Incorrect).

    *   "Despite concerns about violence..."
    *   Is "concerns" the *feeling* or the *source*?
    *   Usually, "concerns about X" means "worries about X".
    *   Sense 4 synonyms: "worry, headache, vexation".
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "care, fear".
    *   If I say "I have concerns about the project," I am referring to the specific points of worry (sense 4).
    *   If I say "His concern for his children is great," that's more like sense 2 or 3.
    *   In the phrase "concerns about violence", the "concerns" are the worries/issues. Sense 4 ("something... that causes anxiety") fits best because the violence and instability are the sources.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness".
    *   In "concerns about violence", is "concerns" the violence itself, or the worry *about* the violence?
    *   Actually, "concerns" here is plural. "The concerns are the violence and instability." No, that's not right. The concerns are *about* the violence.
    *   If "concerns" = "worries", then "worries about violence".
    *   Is "worry" in sense 4 a source or a feeling?
    *   Sense 4: "New York traffic is a constant concern" (Traffic = concern).
    *   Sense 2: "care had aged him" (Care = feeling).
    *   In "concerns about violence", the "concerns" are the worries.
    *   Let's look at sense 4 again: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness".
    *   If "concerns" = "sources of anxiety", then "sources of anxiety about violence" doesn't make sense.
    *   If "concerns" = "anxious feelings", then "anxious feelings about violence" makes sense.
    *   Let's re-evaluate.
    *   "Despite [anxious feelings] about violence..." (Sense 2)
    *   "Despite [sources of anxiety] about violence..." (Sense 4) - This doesn't work.
    *   Wait, if "concerns" means "worries" (as in "I have some worries"), is that a feeling or a source?
    *   "I have a worry" usually means "I have a concern/problem".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for sense 4: "worry, headache, vexation".
    *   "New York traffic is a constant concern." (Traffic is the concern).
    *   In "concerns about violence", the violence is the concern. But the word "concerns" is the target.
    *   If the sentence was "Violence is a concern", then "concern" would be sense 4.
    *   But the sentence is "concerns about violence". This means the *feelings* of worry regarding the violence.
    *   Therefore, sense 2 ("an anxious feeling") is more likely.

    *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling" (synonyms: care, fear).
    *   Sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety" (synonyms: worry, headache).
    *   Example for Sense 4: "New York traffic is a constant concern." (Traffic = concern).
    *   Example for Sense 2: "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction." (Fear = concern).
    *   In "concerns about violence", the "concerns" are the feelings of anxiety.
    *   Let's check other sources. In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "concerns about X" is often mapped to the "feeling of anxiety" sense.

    *   Sense 1: Interest/Importance.
    *   Sense 2: Anxious feeling.
    *   Sense 3: Sympathy.
    *   Sense 4: Source of anxiety.
    *   Sense 5: Business.
    *   "Despite concerns about violence..." -> "Despite [anxious feelings] about violence..."
    *   This fits Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `violence`
    *   Target surface form: `violence`
    *   Context: "Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `violence%1:04:01::`: an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists). Synonyms: force. Example: "accomplish by craft... what he cannot do by force and violence".
        2.  `violence%1:07:00::`: the property of being wild or turbulent. Synonyms: ferocity, fierceness, etc. Example: "the storm's violence".
        3.  `violence%1:26:00::`: a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

    *   The context refers to "violence and political instability" in Iraq.
    *   This refers to a general state of conflict, unrest, and physical harm occurring within a country, rather than a single act of aggression (Sense 1) or the wildness of a storm (Sense 2).
    *   Sense 3 ("a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.") fits the description of civil unrest or war-torn conditions in a country like Iraq.

    *   Sense 1 is more about the *act* or the *means* (force).
    *   Sense 2 is about *intensity* or *wildness* (like a storm).
    *   Sense 3 is about a *state* of affairs (societal/political turbulence leading to destruction).

    *   The context "concerns about violence and political instability" strongly aligns with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `instability`
    *   Target surface form: `instability`
    *   Context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `instability%1:26:00::`: an unstable order
        2.  `instability%1:07:01::`: unreliability attributable to being unstable
        3.  `instability%1:26:01::`: a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium (e.g., hormonal imbalance)
        4.  `instability%1:07:00::`: the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute

    *   The phrase is "political instability".
    *   This refers to a situation where the government or political system of a country is unstable, prone to change, or lacks a steady order.

    *   Sense 1: "an unstable order" - This fits "political instability" perfectly, as it refers to the state of the political order/system.
    *   Sense 2: "unreliability attributable to being unstable" - This is more about a specific thing being unreliable (like a machine or a person's mood).
    *   Sense 3: "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium" - This is often used for physical or chemical balance (e.g., hormonal imbalance).
    *   Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" - This usually refers to a person's character or temperament.

    *   "Political instability" is a standard term for an unstable political order. Sense 1 ("an unstable order") is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `government`
    *   Target surface form: `government`
    *   Context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `government%1:14:00::`: the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit (synonyms: authorities, regime).
        2.  `government%1:04:00::`: the act of governing; exercising authority (synonyms: governing, governance).
        3.  `government%1:09:00::`: the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed.
        4.  `government%1:09:01::`: the study of government of states and other political units (synonyms: politics, political science).

    *   The sentence says "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies".
    *   The "government" here is an entity (an organization/authority) capable of managing, attracting companies, and reaching deals.
    *   It refers to the specific body of people/institutions running Iraq.

    *   Sense 1: "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit". This fits perfectly. The Iraqi government is the organization/authority.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of governing". The "act of governing" cannot "manage to attract major oil companies".
    *   Sense 3: "the system or form by which a community... is governed". A "system" (like democracy or monarchy) doesn't typically "manage to attract oil companies" in this active, organizational sense; the organization *using* that system does.
    *   Sense 4: "the study of government". Clearly incorrect.

    *   The context refers to the governing body of Iraq.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `auction`
    *   Target surface form: `auctions`
    *   Context: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `auction%1:04:01::`: a variety of bridge (card game).
        2.  `auction%1:04:00::`: the public sale of something to the highest bidder.

    *   The context describes the Iraqi government attracting oil companies to rebuild infrastructure through "two auctions".
    *   This clearly refers to a process of selling rights or contracts to the highest bidder (or best offer), not a card game.

    *   Sense 1: Card game (bridge). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: Public sale to the highest bidder. Correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deals`
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies... The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role..."
    *   Meaning: The Iraqi government made agreements with oil companies to rebuild infrastructure.

    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02::` - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00::` - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: `deal%1:23:00::` - a large number or amount or extent.
    *   Sense 4: `deal%1:27:00::` - a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: `deal%1:27:01::` - wood that is easy to saw.
    *   Sense 6: `deal%1:14:00::` - cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 7: `deal%1:11:00::` - the type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: `deal%1:04:00::` - the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: `deal%1:04:01::` - the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context describes "deals" reached between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies.
    *   This is clearly an agreement between parties fixing obligations (rebuilding infrastructure in exchange for stakes/rights).
    *   Sense 1 (buying/selling) is close, but Sense 2 (agreement between parties fixing obligations) is a more precise fit for government contracts/agreements of this nature.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling" (trade, business deal).
        *   Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" (bargain).
    *   In the context of "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies," these are formal agreements/contracts. While they are "business deals," the definition of Sense 2 ("agreement between parties... fixing obligations") is the standard definition for a contract or a diplomatic/business agreement.

    *   Sense 1: "it was a package deal"
    *   Sense 2: "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals"
    *   The "shady deals" example in Sense 2 aligns well with the idea of agreements reached between parties.

    *   Sense 1 is more about the *transaction* itself.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the *agreement* reached.
    *   "Reaches deals" strongly implies the act of coming to an agreement.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  High quality porcelain.
        3.  Government on the island of Taiwan (ROC).
        4.  Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The sentence mentions "China, Russia and European oil firms".
    *   It discusses "foreign oil companies" and "rebuilding Iraq's oil industry".
    *   China is listed alongside Russia and European firms as entities (countries/regions) whose oil companies are involved.
    *   This clearly refers to the nation-state.

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
    *   Sense 3: Government on the island of Taiwan (ROC).
    *   In the context of global oil deals and geopolitical players like Russia and European firms, "China" almost always refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC), the major global power.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: russia
Target surface form: Russia
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: | definition=a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 | synonyms=Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: | definition=formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | synonyms=Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: | definition=a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: | definition=a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state | synonyms=Russian Federation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `russia`
    *   Target surface form: `Russia`
    *   Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `russia%1:15:00::`: Soviet Union (1922-1991).
        2.  `russia%1:15:01::`: Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (part of USSR).
        3.  `russia%1:15:02::`: Russian Empire (14th century - 1917).
        4.  `russia%1:15:04::`: Russian Federation (since 1991).

    *   The text discusses current events (Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies).
    *   It mentions "China, Russia and European oil firms".
    *   The context is clearly modern (post-1991), as it refers to current oil auctions and the current state of Iraq's infrastructure.

    *   Sense 1: Soviet Union (ended 1991). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: RSFSR (part of USSR). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Russian Empire (ended 1917). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Russian Federation (independent state since 1991). Correct.

    *   The target word "Russia" refers to the modern independent state.
    *   Sense 4 matches this description.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "oil"
    *   Target surface form: "oil"
    *   Context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies... China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `oil%1:27:00::`: a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water (General)
        2.  `oil%1:06:01::`: oil paint containing pigment (Art)
        3.  `oil%1:27:01::`: a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons (Petroleum/Crude oil)
        4.  `oil%1:13:00::`: liquid edible fats from plants (Vegetable oil)

    *   The context mentions "Iraqi Oil Ministry", "foreign oil companies", "refurbishing Iraq's oil industry", and "auctioned fields".
    *   This clearly refers to the petroleum industry.

    *   Sense 1 is too general.
    *   Sense 2 is about painting.
    *   Sense 3 is specifically about hydrocarbons, petroleum, and crude oil.
    *   Sense 4 is about edible vegetable oils.

    *   Sense 3 is the perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `role`
    *   Target surface form: `role`
    *   Context: "...China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `role%1:04:00::`: actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group (synonyms: function, office, part).
        2.  `role%1:09:00::`: an actor's portrayal of someone in a play (synonyms: character, theatrical role, part, persona).
        3.  `role%1:07:00::`: what something is used for (synonyms: function, purpose, use).
        4.  `role%1:04:01::`: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.

    *   The sentence describes foreign oil companies (groups) playing a "major role" in "refurbishing Iraq's oil industry".
    *   This refers to the function, part, or set of activities these companies will undertake to achieve a goal.

    *   Sense 1: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". This fits perfectly. The companies (groups) are expected to perform activities (refurbishing) as part of their function/part in the process.
    *   Sense 2: "an actor's portrayal". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "what something is used for". This usually refers to tools or objects (e.g., "the function of an auger"). While "role" and "function" overlap, Sense 1 is more about the *part played* by an agent (person/group) in a process.
    *   Sense 4: "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting". This is more about social roles (e.g., "role on the team"). While similar to Sense 1, Sense 1 is broader and fits the "play a role in [process]" construction better.

    *   "Play a role in [doing something]" is a classic usage of Sense 1 (function/part).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the government must do its part".
    *   Example for Sense 4: "what is your role on the team?".
    *   The context "play a major role in refurbishing" aligns best with the "actions and activities... expected of a... group" (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decade`
    *   Target surface form: `decades`
    *   Context: "...crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `decade%1:28:00::` (a period of 10 years)
        2.  `decade%1:23:00::` (the cardinal number 10)

    *   The phrase is "decades of war and sanctions."
    *   "Decades" here refers to multiple periods of ten years.
    *   It describes a duration of time.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of 10 years" (Time duration)
    *   Sense 2: "the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one" (The number 10)

    *   The context "decades of war" clearly refers to the passage of time (multiple 10-year periods), not the number 10 itself.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: war
Target surface form: war
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=war%1:04:00:: | definition=the waging of armed conflict against an enemy | synonyms=warfare | examples=thousands of people were killed in the war
2. sense_key=war%1:26:00:: | definition=a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply | synonyms=state of war | examples=war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring
3. sense_key=war%1:04:02:: | definition=an active struggle between competing entities | synonyms=warfare | examples=a price war; a war of wits
4. sense_key=war%1:04:01:: | definition=a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious | examples=the war on poverty; the war against crime

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `war`
    *   Target surface form: `war`
    *   Context: "...refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `war%1:04:00::`: the waging of armed conflict against an enemy (synonym: warfare).
        2.  `war%1:26:00::`: a legal state created by a declaration of war... (synonym: state of war).
        3.  `war%1:04:02::`: an active struggle between competing entities (e.g., price war).
        4.  `war%1:04:01::`: a concerted campaign to end something injurious (e.g., war on poverty).

    *   The context mentions "Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
    *   Iraq has a well-known history of actual armed conflicts (Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, Iraq War).
    *   "Crippled by decades of war" refers to the physical and economic destruction caused by armed conflict.

    *   Sense 1: "the waging of armed conflict against an enemy" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a legal state created by a declaration of war" - Too narrow/legalistic. The context is about the *effect* of the fighting, not the legal status.
    *   Sense 3: "an active struggle between competing entities" (e.g., price war) - Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious" (e.g., war on poverty) - Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate description of the armed conflicts that crippled Iraq's infrastructure.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sanction
Target surface form: sanctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval | synonyms=countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur | examples=a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authority, authorization, authorisation | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization | examples=it had the sanction of the church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sanction`
    *   Target surface form: `sanctions`
    *   Context: "...Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sanction%1:10:00::`: formal and explicit approval (synonyms: countenance, endorsement, etc.)
        2.  `sanction%1:04:02::`: a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
        3.  `sanction%1:07:00::`: official permission or approval (synonyms: authority, authorization)
        4.  `sanction%1:04:01::`: the act of final authorization

    *   The context mentions "Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
    *   In this context, "sanctions" refers to economic or political penalties imposed by one or more countries on another country to force it to comply with international law or change its behavior.
    *   Looking at the candidate senses provided:
        *   Sense 1: Approval/Endorsement (Incorrect)
        *   Sense 2: A mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards (This is the broad sociological definition, which includes both rewards and punishments. In international relations, economic sanctions are a form of this mechanism).
        *   Sense 3: Official permission or approval (Incorrect)
        *   Sense 4: Act of final authorization (Incorrect)

    *   Wait, let me re-examine the candidate senses. None of them explicitly say "economic penalty."
    *   Sense 1: Approval.
    *   Sense 2: "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards".
    *   Sense 3: Permission.
    *   Sense 4: Authorization.

    *   In linguistics and WordNet, "sanction" is a contronym. It can mean "approval" or "penalty".
    *   Sense 2 ("a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards") is the only one that can encompass the "penalty" meaning. In sociology, sanctions are reactions to behavior; positive sanctions are rewards, and negative sanctions are punishments. International sanctions are negative sanctions.

    *   Sense 1: Approval (Wrong)
    *   Sense 2: Social control mechanism (Correct, as it covers penalties)
    *   Sense 3: Permission (Wrong)
    *   Sense 4: Authorization (Wrong)

    *   The context "crippled by decades of war and sanctions" clearly refers to the negative penalties imposed on Iraq.
    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the "penalty" side of the contronym.