[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: die
Target surface form: die
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=die%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
2. sense_key=die%2:39:00:: | definition=suffer or face the pain of death | examples=Martyrs may die every day for their faith
3. sense_key=die%2:37:00:: | definition=be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame | examples=I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered; We almost died laughing during the show
4. sense_key=die%2:30:04:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, give out, conk out, go | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road
5. sense_key=die%2:37:03:: | definition=feel indifferent towards | examples=She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery
6. sense_key=die%2:37:01:: | definition=languish as with love or desire | examples=She dying for a cigarette; I was dying to leave
7. sense_key=die%2:35:00:: | definition=cut or shape with a die | synonyms=die out | examples=Die out leather for belts
8. sense_key=die%2:33:00:: | definition=to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
9. sense_key=die%2:30:05:: | definition=lose sparkle or bouquet | synonyms=pall, become flat | examples=wine and beer can pall
10. sense_key=die%2:30:01:: | definition=disappear or come to an end | examples=Their anger died; My secret will die with me!
11. sense_key=die%2:30:02:: | definition=suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense) | examples=Whosoever..believes in me shall never die

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `die`
    *   Target surface form: `die`
    *   Context: "...I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Pass from physical life (decease, perish).
        2.  Suffer/face the pain of death.
        3.  Be brought to the point of death by intense emotion (embarrassment, etc.).
        4.  Stop operating or functioning (engine).
        5.  Feel indifferent towards.
        6.  Languish as with love or desire.
        7.  Cut or shape with a die.
        8.  Be on base at the end of an inning.
        9.  Lose sparkle or bouquet (wine/beer).
        10. Disappear or come to an end.
        11. Suffer spiritual death.

    *   The sentence is: "I have seen one or two men die, bless them."
    *   The speaker is contrasting women fainting in the belfry with men actually dying.
    *   "Die" here clearly refers to the cessation of physical life.

    *   Sense 1: "pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "suffer or face the pain of death" - This is more about the process or the act of facing it, not the event of death itself.
    *   Sense 3: "be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion" - Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "stop operating or functioning" (machines) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "feel indifferent towards" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: "languish as with love or desire" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: "cut or shape with a die" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: "be on base at the end of an inning" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: "lose sparkle or bouquet" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 10: "disappear or come to an end" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 11: "suffer spiritual death" - Not applicable.

    *   The context "I have seen one or two men die" refers to physical death.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct definition.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medical
Target surface form: Medical
Context:
<t>Medical</t> scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the study or practice of medicine | examples=the medical profession; a medical student
2. sense_key=medical%3:00:00:: | definition=requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery | examples=medical treatment; pneumonia is a medical disease
3. sense_key=medical%3:01:02:: | definition=of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art | synonyms=aesculapian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `medical`
    *   Target surface form: `Medical`
    *   Context: "`Medical` scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `medical%3:01:00::`: relating to the study or practice of medicine (examples: medical profession, medical student).
        2.  `medical%3:00:00::`: requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery (examples: medical treatment, pneumonia is a medical disease).
        3.  `medical%3:01:02::`: of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art (synonyms: aesculapian).

    *   The phrase is "Medical scientists".
    *   These scientists are studying genes and cancer.
    *   This relates to the *study* of medicine/biology/health.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the study or practice of medicine". This fits perfectly. "Medical scientists" are scientists who study medicine/health.
    *   Sense 2: "requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery". This describes a condition or treatment (e.g., "medical treatment"), not the scientists themselves.
    *   Sense 3: "of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art". This is a very specific, archaic/mythological reference. Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: starting
Context:
Medical scientists are <t>starting</t> to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `start`
    *   Target surface form: `starting`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are <t>starting</t> to uncover a handful of genes..."
    *   Meaning: The scientists are beginning the process of uncovering genes.

    *   Sense 1: `take the first step or steps in carrying out an action` (Synonyms: get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out; Example: "We began working at dawn")
    *   Sense 2: `set in motion, cause to start` (Synonyms: begin, lead off, commence; Example: "The U.S. started a war") - This is transitive (causing something else to start).
    *   Sense 3: `leave` (Synonyms: depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense` (Synonyms: begin; Example: "The DMZ begins right over the hill") - This is usually intransitive and refers to a boundary or start point.
    *   Sense 5: `bring into being` (Synonyms: originate, initiate; Example: "He initiated a new program") - Transitive, creating something.
    *   Sense 6: `get off the ground` (Synonyms: start up, embark on, commence; Example: "Who started this company?") - Starting a business/enterprise.
    *   Sense 7: `move or jump suddenly` (Synonyms: startle, jump) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: `get going or set in motion` (Synonyms: start up; Example: "start the engine") - Mechanical/electronic.
    *   Sense 9: `begin or set in motion` (Synonyms: go, get going; Example: "I start at eight in the morning") - Often refers to starting a routine or a race.
    *   Sense 10: `begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job` (Synonyms: take up; Example: "start a new job") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 11: `play in the starting lineup` - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 12: `have a beginning characterized in some specified way` (Synonyms: begin; Example: "The novel begins with a murder") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 13: `begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object` (Synonyms: begin; Example: "begin a cigar") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 14: `bulge outward` - Not applicable.

    *   The sentence is "Medical scientists are starting to uncover...".
    *   This is "starting to [do something]".
    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". This fits perfectly with "starting to uncover".

    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" (Example: "We began working at dawn").
    *   Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start" (Example: "The U.S. started a war").
    *   Sense 4: "have a beginning" (Example: "The DMZ begins...").
    *   Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" (Example: "I start at eight").

    The phrase "starting to uncover" describes the scientists beginning the action of uncovering. This aligns best with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: handful
Target surface form: handful
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a <t>handful</t> of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=handful%1:23:01:: | definition=a small number or amount | synonyms=smattering | examples=only a handful of responses were received
2. sense_key=handful%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity that can be held in the hand | synonyms=fistful

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "handful"
    *   Target surface form: "handful"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a <t>handful</t> of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `handful%1:23:01::`: a small number or amount (synonym: smattering; example: "only a handful of responses were received")
        2.  `handful%1:23:00::`: the quantity that can be held in the hand (synonym: fistful)

    *   The sentence refers to a "handful of genes".
    *   Genes are microscopic biological units; they cannot be physically held in a hand.
    *   Therefore, "handful" is used figuratively to mean "a small number".

    *   Sense 1: "a small number or amount" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the quantity that can be held in the hand" - This is a literal physical quantity, which does not fit.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if <t>damaged</t>, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if <t>damaged</t>, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).

    *   The context refers to "genes" being "damaged".
    *   In a biological/medical context, "damaged genes" refers to mutations or physical/chemical alterations that impair their function.
    *   This aligns with "harmed or injured or spoiled" (Sense 1).
    *   It does not align with "disreputable" or "discredited" (Sense 2), as genes do not have reputations.

    *   Sense 1: Physical or functional harm/spoilage. (Fits)
    *   Sense 2: Loss of reputation. (Does not fit)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unleash
Target surface form: unleash
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, <t>unleash</t> the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unleash%2:35:00:: | definition=release or vent | examples=unleash one's anger
2. sense_key=unleash%2:35:01:: | definition=release from a leash | examples=unleash the dogs in the park
3. sense_key=unleash%2:35:02:: | definition=turn loose or free from restraint | synonyms=let loose, loose | examples=let loose mines; Loose terrible plagues upon humanity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "unleash"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, <t>unleash</t> the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `unleash%2:35:00::` (release or vent) - Example: "unleash one's anger" (emotional/internal state).
        2.  `unleash%2:35:01::` (release from a leash) - Example: "unleash the dogs in the park" (literal leash).
        3.  `unleash%2:35:02::` (turn loose or free from restraint) - Synonyms: "let loose", "loose". Example: "Loose terrible plagues upon humanity".

    *   The context describes genes that, when damaged, cause "chaotic growth of cells".
    *   This is a metaphorical use of "unleash," meaning to trigger or release a process that was previously held in check (restrained).
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about venting emotions.
    *   Sense 2 is literal (dogs/leashes).
    *   Sense 3 is about turning loose or freeing from restraint, often used for destructive forces (like plagues or, in this case, chaotic cell growth).

    *   Sense 3 ("turn loose or free from restraint") fits best because the damaged genes remove the biological "restraints" that normally prevent chaotic cell growth.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chaotic
Target surface form: chaotic
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the <t>chaotic</t> growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:disorganized:00 | definition=lacking a visible order or organization | synonyms=helter-skelter
2. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:wild:02 | definition=completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing | synonyms=disorderly
3. sense_key=chaotic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to a sensitive dependence on initial conditions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "chaotic"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the <t>chaotic</t> growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Meaning: In the context of cancer, "chaotic growth of cells" refers to growth that is uncontrolled, disorganized, and lacks the normal regulatory order of healthy tissue.

    *   Sense 1: `chaotic%5:00:00:disorganized:00` | definition: lacking a visible order or organization | synonyms: helter-skelter.
    *   Sense 2: `chaotic%5:00:00:wild:02` | definition: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing | synonyms: disorderly.
    *   Sense 3: `chaotic%3:01:00::` | definition: of or relating to a sensitive dependence on initial conditions (Chaos Theory).

    *   Sense 3 is specifically about mathematical/physical chaos theory (sensitive dependence on initial conditions). This is not the meaning here.
    *   Sense 1 and Sense 2 are very similar.
        *   Sense 1: "lacking a visible order or organization" (disorganized).
        *   Sense 2: "completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing" (wild/disorderly).
    *   In biological terms, cancer cell growth is often described as "disorganized" or "uncontrolled."
    *   Looking at the nuances: "chaotic growth" in cancer usually means it doesn't follow the normal structural or regulatory patterns (disorganized).
    *   Comparing "disorganized" (Sense 1) vs "completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing" (Sense 2).
    *   Usually, "disorganized" fits the biological description of tissue architecture in cancer better than "confusing" or "wild." However, "unpredictable" also fits.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
        *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   Cancer growth is characterized by a lack of organization (loss of polarity, loss of contact inhibition). "Disorganized" is a very standard descriptor for this.

    *   Sense 1: disorganized.
    *   Sense 2: wild/disorderly.
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "chaotic" in the sense of "disorganized" (Sense 1) is used for structural lack of order, while "wild/disorderly" (Sense 2) is used for more general turmoil.
    *   "Chaotic growth of cells" refers to the lack of organization in how the cells divide and arrange themselves.

    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   The growth of cancer cells is definitely lacking order and organization. Is it "confusing"? Not necessarily to the observer, but the process is disordered.
    *   Actually, looking at common usage in medical contexts, "disorganized growth" is a very common phrase.

    *   Sense 1: disorganized.
    *   Sense 2: wild/disorderly.
    *   Wait, let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: helter-skelter. Sense 2: disorderly.
    *   "Disorderly" (Sense 2) often fits "chaotic" better in a general sense of "out of control."
    *   However, "lacking a visible order or organization" (Sense 1) describes the *result* of the growth (the tumor structure).
    *   Let's re-read: "unleash the chaotic growth of cells". This refers to the *process* of growth.
    *   If the growth is "chaotic," it is unpredictable and unordered.
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   Actually, "disorganized" (Sense 1) is often the preferred term for biological structures that have lost their order.

    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   In the context of cancer, the growth is not just "confusing," it's fundamentally lacking the regulatory organization of normal growth.
    *   Let's try to see which one is more "fine-grained."
    *   Sense 1 is "disorganized."
    *   Sense 2 is "wild/disorderly."
    *   "Chaotic growth" -> "Disorganized growth".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. "Helter-skelter" (Sense 1) is a bit odd for cell growth. "Disorderly" (Sense 2) is a bit more natural.
    *   Wait, "disorderly" can mean "lacking order."
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "lacking a visible order or organization".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing".
    *   Cancer growth is definitely unordered and unpredictable.

    *   Sense 1: disorganized.
    *   Sense 2: wild/disorderly.
    *   In many contexts, "chaotic" meaning "disorganized" is the most common usage for this type of sentence.
    *   Let's look at the phrase "chaotic growth". It usually means growth that doesn't follow a plan or pattern.
    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   Sense 1 seems slightly more precise for the biological lack of structure.

    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one... "disorganized" (Sense 1) is a very common synonym for "chaotic" in medical descriptions of cancer (e.g., "disorganized cell growth").

    *   Sense 1: disorganized.
    *   Sense 2: wild/disorderly.
    *   Actually, "disorderly" is often used as a synonym for "chaotic" in a more general sense.
    *   Let's look at the definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   "Chaotic growth" in cancer is characterized by a lack of organization.

    *   Sense 1: disorganized.
    *   Sense 2: wild/disorderly.
    *   Looking at WordNet's structure (if I recall), `chaotic%5:00:00:disorganized:00` is often the primary sense for "lacking order."
    *   Let's go with Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing".
    *   Cancer growth is definitely unpredictable.
    *   But "lacking a visible order or organization" is the definition of "disorganized."
    *   In pathology, "disorganized" is the key term.

    *   Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
    *   Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
    *   "Chaotic growth" -> "Disorganized growth".
    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic <t>growth</t> of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `growth`
    *   Target surface form: `growth`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic <t>growth</t> of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Key phrases: "chaotic growth of cells", "characterizes cancer".

    *   Sense 1: (biology) process of an individual organism growing organically (maturation, development).
    *   Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms (culture).
    *   Sense 3: process of becoming larger, longer, more numerous, or more important (increase, increment).
    *   Sense 4: vegetation that has grown.
    *   Sense 5: gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence).
    *   Sense 6: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing (e.g., hair).

    *   The context describes the "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Cancer is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of cells.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
    *   While Sense 3 (becoming more numerous) is technically true, Sense 6 is the precise medical/pathological term for the growth associated with cancer.

    *   Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". This fits perfectly with "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of <t>cells</t> that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "cell"
    *   Target surface form: "cells"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of <t>cells</t> that characterizes cancer."
    *   Key terms in context: "Medical scientists", "genes", "chaotic growth", "cancer".

    *   Sense 1: any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb).
    *   Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
    *   Sense 3: a device that delivers an electric current (electric cell).
    *   Sense 4: a small unit of a political movement (cadre).
    *   Sense 5: a hand-held mobile radiotelephone (cellphone).
    *   Sense 6: small room for a monk or nun.
    *   Sense 7: a room where a prisoner is kept (jail cell).

    *   The context discusses "Medical scientists", "genes", and "cancer".
    *   Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of biological cells.
    *   Sense 2 specifically refers to the biological unit of organisms.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the biological/medical context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: characterize
Target surface form: characterizes
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that <t>characterizes</t> cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=characterize%2:32:00:: | definition=describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of | synonyms=qualify, characterise | examples=You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist; This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover
2. sense_key=characterize%2:42:01:: | definition=be characteristic of | synonyms=characterise | examples=What characterizes a Venetian painting?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `characterize`
    *   Target surface form: `characterizes`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that <t>characterizes</t> cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of` (e.g., "You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist")
        2.  `be characteristic of` (e.g., "What characterizes a Venetian painting?")

    *   The sentence says: "...the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
    *   Here, "chaotic growth of cells" is the subject, and "cancer" is the object.
    *   The meaning is: Chaotic growth of cells *is characteristic of* cancer. It is a defining feature of cancer.

    *   Sense 1: To describe or portray. (Active act of describing).
    *   Sense 2: To be characteristic of. (To be a typical feature of).

    *   Does "chaotic growth of cells" *describe* cancer? Not exactly; it *is* the feature that defines it.
    *   Does "chaotic growth of cells" *be characteristic of* cancer? Yes.

    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "You can characterize his behavior as..." (Someone is doing the characterizing).
    *   Sense 2: "What characterizes a Venetian painting?" (What are the typical features of a Venetian painting?).
    *   The target sentence "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer" matches the structure and meaning of Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes <t>cancer</t>. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "cancer"
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes <t>cancer</t>. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        2.  Astrology: person born under Cancer.
        3.  Astronomy: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  Astrology: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  Biology: genus Cancer (crabs).

    *   The context mentions "Medical scientists", "genes", "chaotic growth of cells", and "how cancer develops".
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition involving uncontrolled cell growth.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." - This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Astronomy (constellation) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Astrology (sign) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Biology (genus Cancer) - Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists <t>say</t> the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `say`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists <t>say</t> the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   Meaning: Scientists are stating/reporting their findings or conclusions based on their research.

    *   1: `express in words` (state, tell) - General expression.
    *   2: `report or maintain` (allege, aver) - Often used for claims, reports, or assertions of fact/belief.
    *   3: `express a supposition` (suppose) - Hypothetical.
    *   4: `have or contain a certain wording or form` (read) - Written text.
    *   5: `give instructions to or direct somebody` (order, tell) - Command.
    *   6: `speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way` (pronounce) - Phonetics.
    *   7: `communicate or express nonverbally` - Non-verbal.
    *   8: `utter aloud` - Physical act of speaking.
    *   9: `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare` - Strong declaration/opinion.
    *   10: `recite or repeat a fixed text` - Ritual/recitation.
    *   11: `indicate` - Like a clock.

    *   The scientists are reporting a conclusion based on evidence ("the discovery... is painting a new and startling picture").
    *   Sense 1 is very general ("express in words").
    *   Sense 2 is "report or maintain" (synonyms: allege, aver). This fits well when scientists report findings.
    *   Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement". While scientific conclusions are judgments, "report" (Sense 2) often fits the context of scientific communication better.

    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Simple statement).
    *   Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (Reporting a claim or a position).
    *   In the context "Scientists say the discovery... is painting a new... picture", they are reporting a finding/conclusion.

    *   Is it just "expressing in words" (1) or "reporting/maintaining a position" (2)?
    *   In news-style reporting ("Scientists say..."), it usually maps to reporting a claim or finding.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "report or maintain". This is a strong fit for scientific reporting.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "express in words". This is the most generic sense.
    *   Usually, in these WSD tasks, if a more specific sense like "report" (2) exists and fits, it's preferred over the generic "express in words" (1).

    *   "Scientists say [that] the discovery... is painting a new... picture."
    *   This is a report of a scientific conclusion.
    *   Sense 2: "report or maintain".

    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: allege, aver.
    *   "Aver" means to state or assert to be the case. "Allege" is a type of reporting (often without proof, but in a general sense, it's reporting a claim).
    *   Wait, "allege" might be too strong/specific (implying lack of proof). Let's re-evaluate Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1: "express in words". Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
    *   Actually, in many corpora, "Scientists say..." is treated as a report of a finding.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 again.
    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   If the scientists are stating a fact they've discovered, "report" (2) is more precise than just "express in words" (1).

    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: allege, aver.
    *   If I look at the examples for Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war."
    *   The second example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" is a maintenance of a position/report of a belief.
    *   The scientists are maintaining that the discovery is painting a new picture.

    *   Sense 1 is the most common "say" (stating something).
    *   Sense 2 is specifically for reporting or asserting.
    *   In the context of "Scientists say...", it's almost always reporting a finding.

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   Looking at WordNet's structure, `say%2:32:00` (Sense 1) is the most general. `say%2:32:01` (Sense 2) is more specific to reporting/asserting.
    *   "Scientists say the discovery... is painting a new... picture" is a report of their findings.

    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Direct statement of desire).
    *   Sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (Assertion of a state of affairs).
    *   The scientists' statement is an assertion of a state of affairs (the discovery is painting a new picture).

    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: allege, aver.
    *   "Aver" means to state or assert to be the case. This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   The context is a report on scientific progress. "Scientists say..." is the standard way to report findings.

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement.
    *   The scientists are not just giving a random opinion; they are reporting a conclusion based on evidence. Sense 2 (report) is better than Sense 9 (opinion).

    *   Sense 1 is very broad.
    *   Sense 2 is "report or maintain".
    *   In the sentence "Scientists say the discovery... is painting a new... picture", they are reporting their interpretation of the data. This aligns well with "report or maintain".

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   If the sentence was "He said 'Hello'", it would be Sense 8 (utter aloud).
    *   If the sentence was "He said he was tired", it could be Sense 1.
    *   If the sentence was "The witness said he saw the car", it would be Sense 2 (report).
    *   "Scientists say the discovery..." is very similar to "The witness said...". It's reporting a claim/finding.

    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   Synonyms: allege, aver.
    *   Example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war."
    *   This matches the structure and intent of "Scientists say the discovery... is painting a new... picture."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the <t>discovery</t> of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discovery`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists say the <t>discovery</t> of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `discovery%1:04:00::`: the act of discovering something (synonyms: find, uncovering)
        2.  `discovery%1:10:00::`: something that is discovered
        3.  `discovery%1:09:00::`: a productive insight (synonyms: breakthrough, find)
        4.  `discovery%1:10:01::`: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

    *   The sentence says "the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   The previous sentence mentions scientists "starting to uncover a handful of genes".
    *   The "discovery" refers to the fact that these genes were found, and this finding is leading to a "new and startling picture" (a breakthrough/insight).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of discovering something". This describes the process.
    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered". This describes the genes themselves (the objects found).
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" (breakthrough, find). This describes the significance of the finding.

    *   "the discovery of these genes... is painting a new and startling picture"
    *   Is it the *act* of finding them (Sense 1)?
    *   Is it the *genes themselves* (Sense 2)?
    *   Is it the *breakthrough/insight* resulting from the find (Sense 3)?

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
    Sense 1 is the general act. Sense 3 is a "productive insight" or "breakthrough".
    The context "painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops" strongly suggests that this isn't just the act of finding them, but the *significance* of the find—a breakthrough in understanding.

    However, let's look at the phrasing "the discovery of these genes". Usually, "the discovery of [X]" refers to the act of finding [X] or the result of that act.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "something that is discovered". "The discovery of these genes" could mean the genes are the discovery. But the sentence says "the discovery... is painting a new... picture". A "discovery" (as a breakthrough) paints a picture.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "breakthrough, find".
    "The breakthrough of these genes" doesn't sound right. "The find of these genes" is okay.
    "The act of discovering these genes" (Sense 1) fits grammatically.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "a productive insight".
    The discovery (the fact that these genes exist and do this) is providing a productive insight into how cancer develops.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 1: the act of discovering something.
    Sense 3: a productive insight.

    In "the discovery of these genes... is painting a new and startling picture", the "discovery" is the event/fact that has occurred. This event is acting as a breakthrough.

    If I say "The discovery of penicillin changed medicine," is it the *act* of discovering it or the *breakthrough*? Usually, it's the breakthrough (Sense 3).

    Let's check Sense 2: "something that is discovered". If "discovery" = "the genes", then "the genes... are painting a new and startling picture". This also works.

    However, "discovery" in scientific contexts often refers to the breakthrough.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "find, uncovering".
    The first sentence uses "uncover". "Medical scientists are starting to uncover... the discovery of these genes..."
    This suggests a link between "uncover" (the act) and "discovery".

    Let's re-read: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture..."
    This sounds more like the *result* or the *breakthrough* (Sense 3) than just the mechanical act of finding them (Sense 1).

    Sense 1: act of discovering.
    Sense 2: the thing discovered.
    Sense 3: a productive insight/breakthrough.

    If the "discovery" is "painting a new and startling picture", it is functioning as a breakthrough.

    Let's test Sense 3: "The breakthrough of these genes..." (No, that doesn't work).
    Wait, the synonym is "find". "The find of these genes..." (A bit awkward).
    Actually, "discovery" as a breakthrough usually refers to the *whole event* or the *knowledge gained*.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the act of discovering something".
    "The act of discovering these genes... is painting a new and startling picture." (Possible).

    Let's look at Sense 2: "something that is discovered".
    "The [thing discovered] of these genes..." (Doesn't fit grammatically).
    Wait, "the discovery of these genes" where discovery = the thing discovered. This would mean "the genes" are the discovery. "The genes... are painting a new and startling picture." (Possible).

    Let's reconsider Sense 3: "a productive insight".
    "The [productive insight] of these genes..." (Doesn't fit grammatically).

    Wait, if the phrase is "the discovery of [X]", then "discovery" is the head noun.
    If "discovery" = "act of discovering", then "the act of discovering these genes is painting a picture".
    If "discovery" = "something discovered", then "the something discovered of these genes" (Incorrect).
    If "discovery" = "productive insight", then "the productive insight of these genes" (Incorrect).

    Wait, I'm misinterpreting how "of these genes" modifies "discovery".
    "The discovery of these genes"
    1. The act of discovering these genes. (Sense 1)
    2. The genes, which are a discovery. (Sense 2)
    3. The breakthrough that resulted from finding these genes. (Sense 3)

    In many WordNet-style tasks, "the discovery of [X]" where [X] is a scientific finding is mapped to "something that is discovered" (Sense 2) or "the act of discovering" (Sense 1).

    Let's look at the context again: "painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops." This emphasizes the *impact* of the discovery.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a productive insight".
    If "discovery" = "productive insight", then "the discovery [which is the insight gained from finding] these genes is painting a new picture".

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 1: the act of discovering something.
    Sense 3: a productive insight.

    Usually, "the discovery of [X]" refers to the *fact* that [X] was found. This is often categorized as the "act" (Sense 1) or the "thing" (Sense 2). But when it's a scientific breakthrough, Sense 3 is very tempting.

    Let's search for similar examples.
    "The discovery of the structure of DNA" -> Is this the act, the thing, or the insight?
    It's the breakthrough.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "breakthrough, find".
    A "find" can be "the discovery of these genes". "What a find!"

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "something that is discovered".
    If "the discovery" = "the genes", then "the discovery of these genes" is redundant ("the genes of these genes"). So Sense 2 is likely out.

    So it's between Sense 1 (the act) and Sense 3 (the insight/breakthrough).
    "The act of discovering these genes... is painting a new and startling picture."
    "The breakthrough [of discovering] these genes... is painting a new and startling picture."

    Sense 3 ("a productive insight") fits the "painting a new and startling picture" part much better than the mere "act" of finding them. The "painting a picture" part refers to the *knowledge* gained, not the *process* of finding.

    Sense 1: act of discovering.
    Sense 3: productive insight / breakthrough.

    If the discovery "paints a picture", it is the *insight* that does the painting, not the *act* of uncovering.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most precise.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in <t>recent</t> months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `recent`
    *   Target surface form: `recent`
    *   Context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in <t>recent</t> months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `recent%5:00:00:new:00` | definition: new | examples: recent graduates; a recent addition to the house.
        2.  `recent%5:00:00:past:00` | definition: of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms: late | examples: a late development; their late quarrel.

    *   The phrase is "recent months".
    *   "Recent months" refers to the period of time immediately preceding the present.
    *   Sense 1 ("new") usually refers to things that have just come into existence or a new status (e.g., "recent graduates").
    *   Sense 2 ("of the immediate past or just previous to the present time") specifically describes time periods or events that happened shortly before now.

    *   "Recent months" fits perfectly with "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time".
    *   Comparing "new months" (Sense 1) vs "months of the immediate past" (Sense 2), the latter is the standard meaning of "recent" when modifying time units like months, years, or days.

    *   Sense 1: new (e.g., recent addition).
    *   Sense 2: of the immediate past (e.g., late development).
    *   "Recent months" = months of the immediate past.

    *   Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent <t>months</t> is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `month`
    *   Target surface form: `months`
    *   Context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent <t>months</t> is painting a new and startling picture..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `month%1:28:01::`: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
        2.  `month%1:28:00::`: a time unit of approximately 30 days.

    *   The phrase "in recent months" is a common idiomatic expression.
    *   Does it refer to specific calendar months (January, February, etc.) or just a general duration of time (approximately 30-day units)?
    *   In "recent months," the focus is usually on the period of time that has passed, rather than specific divisions of the calendar year. However, "recent months" typically refers to the most recent calendar months.
    *   Let's compare the two senses:
        *   Sense 1: Calendar month (division of the year).
        *   Sense 2: Time unit of ~30 days.
    *   Usually, "recent months" refers to the calendar months that have just passed. If I say "I've been exercising for three months," it could be either. But "in recent months" almost always refers to the calendar divisions.
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "he paid the bill last month" (Calendar month).
        *   Sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill" (Duration of 30 days).
    *   "In recent months" is more similar to "last month" (referring to the calendar divisions) than to "a month to pay" (referring to a duration of time).

    *   "Recent months" refers to the months of the calendar that have occurred recently.
    *   Sense 1 is "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year".
    *   Sense 2 is "a time unit of approximately 30 days".
    *   When we say "recent months," we are referring to the calendar months.

    *   Sense 1: Calendar month.
    *   Sense 2: Duration of ~30 days.
    *   "Recent months" -> The months on the calendar that just happened.

    *   Sense 1: `month%1:28:01::` (calendar month)
    *   Sense 2: `month%1:28:00::` (time unit)
    *   "Recent months" fits Sense 1 better because it's referring to the calendar divisions.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. If I say "the last few months," am I talking about 30-day blocks or calendar months? Usually, it's the calendar months.
    *   Example: "In recent months, the weather has been weird." (Referring to the calendar months).
    *   Example: "The baby is three months old." (Referring to 30-day units/duration).
    *   "In recent months" is very similar to "last month".

    *   Sense 1: calendar month.
    *   Sense 2: time unit of ~30 days.
    *   "Recent months" = the calendar months that have just passed.

    *   Sense 1: `month%1:28:01::`
    *   Sense 2: `month%1:28:00::`
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1. The index for Sense 2 is 2.

    *   Wait, let me re-read the glosses.
    *   1. one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year.
    *   2. a time unit of approximately 30 days.
    *   "Recent months" refers to the calendar months.

    *   Let's check if "recent months" could be sense 2. If I say "the discovery... in recent months," I mean the period of time. But that period is measured in calendar months.
    *   Compare: "He has been sick for two months" (Sense 2 - duration) vs "He has been sick since last month" (Sense 1 - calendar).
    *   "In recent months" is more like "last month" or "this month".

    *   Sense 1: calendar month.
    *   Sense 2: duration.
    *   "Recent months" -> Calendar months.

    *   Wait, let me think again. "Recent months" often means "the last few months". Is that a duration or a set of calendar months?
    *   If I say "In the last three months," I might mean exactly 90 days (duration) or the last three calendar months (calendar).
    *   However, "recent months" almost always implies the calendar divisions.

    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "he paid the bill last month"
    *   Sense 2: "he was given a month to pay the bill"
    *   "Recent months" is much closer to "last month".

    *   Sense 1: calendar month.
    *   Sense 2: time unit.
    *   "Recent months" -> Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a <t>new</t> and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `new`
    *   Target surface form: `new`
    *   Context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a <t>new</t> and startling picture of how cancer develops."

    *   Sense 1: Not of long duration; recently come into being/made/acquired/discovered. (e.g., a new law)
    *   Sense 2: Original and of a kind not seen before; fresh, novel. (e.g., a completely novel proof)
    *   Sense 3: Inexperienced; raw. (e.g., raw recruits)
    *   Sense 4: Unprecedented; no previous example. (e.g., unexampled prosperity)
    *   Sense 5: Other than the former; different. (e.g., a new leader)
    *   Sense 6: Unaffected by use or exposure. (e.g., looks like new)
    *   Sense 7: Gratuitously new; newfangled. (e.g., newfangled ideas)
    *   Sense 8: In use after medieval times. (e.g., New Egyptian)
    *   Sense 9: Current stage in language development; Modern. (e.g., Modern English)
    *   Sense 10: Harvested at an early stage. (e.g., new potatoes)
    *   Sense 11: Unfamiliar. (e.g., new experiences)

    *   The phrase is "a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
    *   The "picture" here is a conceptual understanding or a model of a biological process.
    *   The discovery of genes is changing the previous understanding.
    *   Is it "recently come into being" (Sense 1)? Yes, the understanding is recent.
    *   Is it "original and of a kind not seen before" (Sense 2)? Yes, it's a novel perspective/understanding.
    *   Is it "different from the former" (Sense 5)? Yes, it replaces the old picture.

    *   Sense 1 (recent) vs. Sense 2 (novel/original) vs. Sense 5 (different).
    *   "Painting a new picture" is a common idiom meaning to provide a different or updated understanding.
    *   Sense 2 (original and of a kind not seen before / novel) fits well when a scientific discovery changes the paradigm.
    *   Sense 1 (recently come into being) is very general.
    *   Sense 5 (different from the former) is also very strong here because the "new picture" is contrasted with the previous understanding.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem". This is very similar to a scientific discovery providing a new understanding.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1: "a new law; new cars". These are physical objects or formal enactments.
    *   Let's look at Sense 5: "they now have a new leader". This is a replacement.

    *   In the context of "painting a new picture," the emphasis is on the *novelty* and *originality* of the perspective provided by the discovery. "Novel" (Sense 2) is a strong synonym for "new" in scientific contexts where a discovery changes the understanding.

    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 5.
    *   Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (novel).
    *   Sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
    *   If the discovery "paints a new picture," it means the picture is *different* from the one they had before.

    *   Let's check Sense 2 again: "original and of a kind not seen before". A "new picture of how cancer develops" is indeed a kind of understanding not seen before.

    *   Comparing "novel" (Sense 2) and "different" (Sense 5):
        "A new and startling picture" suggests something fresh and surprising. "Novel" (Sense 2) captures the "startling" and "original" aspect better than just "different" (Sense 5).

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered". The "picture" (understanding) has just come into being due to the discovery.

    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "new" in the sense of "novel/original" is often mapped to the sense meaning "original and of a kind not seen before".

    *   Sense 1: recently come into being.
    *   Sense 2: original/novel.
    *   Sense 5: different from the previous.

    "Painting a new picture" usually means providing a *different* perspective. However, in a scientific context, this different perspective is usually *novel*.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "fresh, novel".
    "A fresh and startling picture" or "A novel and startling picture". This fits very well.

    Let's look at Sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
    "A different and startling picture". This also fits.

    However, Sense 2's "original and of a kind not seen before" is a more precise fit for a scientific breakthrough that changes a paradigm.

    *   Sense 1: "a new law" (recently enacted).
    *   Sense 2: "a completely novel proof" (original/new kind).
    *   Sense 5: "a new leader" (replacement).

    The "picture of how cancer develops" is more like the "novel proof" (Sense 2) than a "new law" (Sense 1) or a "new leader" (Sense 5).

    Sense 2: original and of a kind not seen before.
    Context: "discovery of these genes... is painting a new and startling picture".
    This fits perfectly.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 again. "having just... been... discovered". The *genes* were discovered, and that discovery *paints* a new picture. The *picture* itself isn't "discovered" in the same way a gene is; it's *formed* or *created* as a result of the discovery.

    Therefore, Sense 2 (novel/original) is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how <t>cancer</t> develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how <t>cancer</t> develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: astrology (person born in Cancer).
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: genus Cancer (crabs).

    *   The context mentions "Medical scientists", "genes", "chaotic growth of cells", "treatment and prevention".
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology - No.
    *   Sense 3: Constellation - No.
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign - No.
    *   Sense 5: Genus Cancer - No.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develops
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer <t>develops</t>. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 10}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "develops" (lemma: "develop")
    *   Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer <t>develops</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is talking about the process by which cancer forms and progresses in the body.

    *   Sense 1: make something new (product/creation) - No.
    *   Sense 2: work out (theory) - No.
    *   Sense 3: gain through experience (acquire) - No.
    *   Sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features/attributes) - Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains". This is close, but usually refers to the *onset* of a symptom or condition.
    *   Sense 5: come into existence; take on form or shape - Example: "A new religious movement originated".
    *   Sense 6: change the use of land - No.
    *   Sense 7: elaborate (theories) - No.
    *   Sense 8: create by training - No.
    *   Sense 9: be gradually disclosed or unfolded (plot) - No.
    *   Sense 10: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment - Example: "A flower developed on the branch". This fits the biological process of cancer growth and progression.
    *   Sense 11: become technologically advanced - No.
    *   Sense 12: cause to grow (make grow) - No.
    *   Sense 13: generate gradually (customers) - No.
    *   Sense 14: grow emotionally or mature - No.
    *   Sense 15: chemical solutions (film) - No.
    *   Sense 16: geometry - No.
    *   Sense 17: chess - No.
    *   Sense 18: chess - No.
    *   Sense 19: music - No.
    *   Sense 20: happen (news) - No.
    *   Sense 21: series (math) - No.

    *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains". This often refers to the *acquisition* of a disease or symptom.
    *   Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment". Example: "A flower developed on the branch".

    The context says "how cancer develops". This refers to the *process* of the disease's progression (the "chaotic growth of cells"). Sense 10 specifically mentions "natural growth, differentiation", which aligns perfectly with the biological process of cancer (uncontrolled cell growth and differentiation). Sense 4 is more about the *occurrence* of the condition ("The patient developed cancer").

    *   "how cancer develops" = the process of its growth and progression.
    *   Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation..."

    This fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: understanding
Target surface form: understanding
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging <t>understanding</t> of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=understanding%1:09:01:: | definition=the cognitive condition of someone who understands | synonyms=apprehension, discernment, savvy | examples=he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect
2. sense_key=understanding%1:10:00:: | definition=the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises | synonyms=agreement | examples=they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business; there was an understanding between management and the workers
3. sense_key=understanding%1:09:03:: | definition=an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion | synonyms=sympathy | examples=his sympathies were always with the underdog; I knew I could count on his understanding
4. sense_key=understanding%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=reason, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "understanding"
    *   Target surface form: "understanding"
    *   Context: "An emerging <t>understanding</t> of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `understanding%1:09:01::`: the cognitive condition of someone who understands (apprehension, discernment, savvy).
        2.  `understanding%1:10:00::`: the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises (agreement).
        3.  `understanding%1:09:03::`: an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion (sympathy).
        4.  `understanding%1:09:00::`: the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination (reason, intellect).

    *   The sentence says "An emerging understanding of the genes...".
    *   This refers to the knowledge or comprehension that scientists are gaining about how genes work in relation to cancer.
    *   It's not an agreement (sense 2).
    *   It's not sympathy or loyalty (sense 3).
    *   It's not the general human capacity for reason (sense 4).
    *   It is the specific cognitive state of comprehending a particular subject (the genes) (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "the cognitive condition of someone who understands" / "apprehension, discernment, savvy". Example: "he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect". This fits perfectly with "understanding of the genes".

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expected
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is <t>expected</t> to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expect`
    *   Target surface form: `expected`
    *   Context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is <t>expected</t> to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."

    *   Sense 1: `regard something as probable or likely` (Synonym: anticipate). Example: "meteorologists are expecting rain".
    *   Sense 2: `consider obligatory; request and expect` (Synonyms: ask, require). Example: "require our secretary to be on time".
    *   Sense 3: `look forward to the probable occurrence of` (Synonyms: look, await, wait). Example: "expecting a visit from our relatives".
    *   Sense 4: `consider reasonable or due`. Example: "expecting a full explanation".
    *   Sense 5: `look forward to the birth of a child`.
    *   Sense 6: `be pregnant with`.

    *   The sentence says: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies..."
    *   This means it is *probable* or *likely* that the understanding will produce new strategies.
    *   It is not about obligation (Sense 2), waiting for a specific event/person (Sense 3), demanding something reasonable (Sense 4), or pregnancy (Senses 5 & 6).

    *   Sense 1: "regard something as probable or likely". This fits perfectly. The scientific community regards the production of new strategies as probable/likely.
    *   Sense 3: "look forward to the probable occurrence of". This usually implies a state of anticipation or waiting for a specific event (like a visitor). While similar to Sense 1, Sense 1 is the more general "likely to happen" meaning used in passive constructions like "is expected to".

    *   "is expected to [verb]" is a standard construction for expressing probability or likelihood.
    *   Sense 1: "regard something as probable or likely".
    *   Sense 3: "look forward to the probable occurrence of".
    *   Comparing the two: Sense 1 is about the *probability* of the outcome. Sense 3 is about the *anticipation* of the outcome. In the context of scientific predictions, "expected to produce" means it is likely to produce, not that scientists are emotionally looking forward to it (though they might be).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.