[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mystery
Target surface form: mystery
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither <t>mystery</t> nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mystery%1:09:00:: | definition=something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained | synonyms=enigma, secret, closed book | examples=how it got out is a mystery; it remains one of nature's secrets
2. sense_key=mystery%1:10:00:: | definition=a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie | synonyms=mystery story, whodunit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `mystery`
    *   Target surface form: `mystery`
    *   Context: "There is neither <t>mystery</t> nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures... have increased... educational performance has declined."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `mystery%1:09:00::`: something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained (synonyms: enigma, secret, closed book).
        2.  `mystery%1:10:00::`: a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie (synonyms: mystery story, whodunit).

    *   The sentence says "There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that...".
    *   The author is arguing that the decline in educational performance despite increased spending is not surprising or inexplicable.
    *   This aligns with the idea of something that "baffles understanding" or is an "enigma."
    *   It does *not* refer to a crime novel or a whodunit.

    *   Sense 1: something that baffles understanding (enigma). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: a crime story. This does not fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the <t>fact</t> that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fact`
    *   Context: "There is neither mystery nor paradox in the <t>fact</t> that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century... educational performance has declined."
    *   Target surface form: `fact`

    *   Sense 1: `fact%1:09:01::` - a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred. (Focus: a specific piece of data/info).
    *   Sense 2: `fact%1:10:01::` - a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened. (Focus: the statement/assertion itself).
    *   Sense 3: `fact%1:26:01::` - an event known to have happened or something known to have existed. (Focus: the reality/truth of the situation, often contrasted with fiction or fear).
    *   Sense 4: `fact%1:09:02::` - a concept whose truth can be proved. (Focus: scientific/provable truth).

    *   The sentence says: "There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that [clause describing a situation]."
    *   The "fact" here refers to the reality or the state of affairs: that expenditures increased while performance declined.
    *   It's not just a "piece of information" (Sense 1) or a "statement" (Sense 2), but the actual state of things (the reality).
    *   Sense 3 ("something known to have existed" or "an event known to have happened") fits well when referring to a general state of affairs or a known reality.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
        *   Sense 3: "something known to have existed"
    *   In the phrase "the fact that [clause]", "fact" usually refers to the truth of the proposition expressed in the clause.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "collect all the facts of the case" (specific details).
        *   Sense 2: "supported his argument with an impressive array of facts" (statements/data points).
        *   Sense 3: "your fears have no basis in fact" (reality).
    *   The context "the fact that as educational expenditures... have increased... performance has declined" describes a reality/state of affairs. This aligns most closely with Sense 3 (the reality/truth of the matter).

    *   Sense 1 is more about discrete pieces of information.
    *   Sense 2 is about the assertion/statement.
    *   Sense 3 is about the reality/existence of the situation.
    *   Sense 4 is about provability (scientific fact).

    The phrase "the fact that..." often introduces a known reality. Sense 3's definition "something known to have existed" covers this state of affairs.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 again. "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    Is "the fact that X happened" a "piece of information" or "something known to have existed"?
    Usually, "the fact that..." refers to the reality of the situation.
    Example: "The fact that he is late is annoying." -> The reality of his lateness.
    Example: "I know the facts of the case." -> I know the specific pieces of information.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "something known to have existed"

    In "the fact that as educational expenditures... have increased... performance has declined", the author is pointing to a known reality/state of affairs. This is "something known to have existed" (Sense 3).

    Let's look at Sense 2: "a statement or assertion". The author isn't talking about the *statement* that expenditures increased, but the *reality* that they did.

    Let's look at Sense 4: "a concept whose truth can be proved". This is too narrow (scientific).

    Between 1 and 3:
    Sense 1 is often used for "the facts" (plural), meaning the details.
    Sense 3 is often used for "fact" (singular), meaning reality (e.g., "basis in fact").

    The context "the fact that..." is a classic way to introduce a known reality. Sense 3 fits best.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as <t>educational</t> expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...as <t>educational</t> expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00`: relating to the process of education (e.g., educational psychology)
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (e.g., an educational film)

    *   The phrase is "educational expenditures".
    *   "Expenditures" refers to spending.
    *   "Educational expenditures" means spending related to the system/process of education (schools, teachers, administration, etc.).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". This fits perfectly. Spending on the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (instructive). This would mean the expenditures themselves provide knowledge, which is nonsensical.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expenditure
Target surface form: expenditures
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational <t>expenditures</t> (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expenditure%1:21:00:: | definition=money paid out; an amount spent | synonyms=outgo, spending, outlay
2. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of spending money for goods or services | synonyms=expending
3. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of consuming something | synonyms=consumption, using up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expenditure`
    *   Target surface form: `expenditures`
    *   Context: "...as educational <t>expenditures</t> (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `expenditure%1:21:00::`: money paid out; an amount spent (synonyms: outgo, spending, outlay)
        2.  `expenditure%1:04:00::`: the act of spending money for goods or services (synonyms: expending)
        3.  `expenditure%1:04:01::`: the act of consuming something (synonyms: consumption, using up)

    *   The sentence says "educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply".
    *   It follows with "we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world".
    *   This refers to the *amount* of money spent on education, not the *act* of spending it.

    *   Sense 1: "money paid out; an amount spent". This fits perfectly. "Educational expenditures" refers to the total amount of money spent on education.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of spending money". While related, the context "increased sharply" and "spend more per pupil" refers to the quantity/amount, not the process/act.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of consuming something". Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: real
Target surface form: real
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in <t>real</t> terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=real%3:00:00:: | definition=being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory; ; ; ; ; ; - Longfellow | synonyms=existent | examples=real objects; real people; not ghosts
2. sense_key=real%3:00:02:: | definition=no less than what is stated; worthy of the name | examples=the real reason; real war
3. sense_key=real%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=not to be taken lightly | examples=statistics demonstrate that poverty and unemployment are very real problems; to the man sleeping regularly in doorways homelessness is real
4. sense_key=real%5:00:00:concrete:00 | definition=capable of being treated as fact | synonyms=tangible | examples=tangible evidence; his brief time as Prime Minister brought few real benefits to the poor
5. sense_key=real%5:00:00:true:00 | definition=being or reflecting the essential or genuine character of something; ; - G.K.Chesterton | synonyms=actual, genuine, literal | examples=her actual motive; a literal solitude like a desert
6. sense_key=real%3:00:01:: | definition=of, relating to, or representing an amount that is corrected for inflation | examples=real prices; real income
7. sense_key=real%3:00:03:: | definition=having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary; ; ; - Shakespeare | synonyms=substantial, material | examples=the substantial world; a mere dream, neither substantial nor practical
8. sense_key=real%5:00:00:tangible:02 | definition=(of property) fixed or immovable | examples=real property consists of land and buildings
9. sense_key=real%5:00:02:realistic:00 | definition=coinciding with reality; - F.A.Olafson | synonyms=veridical | examples=perceptual error...has a surprising resemblance to veridical perception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "real"
    *   Target surface form: "real"
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in <t>real</t> terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century..."
    *   Key phrase: "in real terms"

    *   Sense 1: being or occurring in fact or actuality (existent).
    *   Sense 2: no less than what is stated; worthy of the name.
    *   Sense 3: not to be taken lightly (serious).
    *   Sense 4: capable of being treated as fact (tangible).
    *   Sense 5: being or reflecting the essential or genuine character (actual, genuine).
    *   Sense 6: of, relating to, or representing an amount that is corrected for inflation (real prices; real income).
    *   Sense 7: having substance or capable of being treated as fact (substantial, material).
    *   Sense 8: (of property) fixed or immovable (real estate).
    *   Sense 9: coinciding with reality (realistic).

    *   The phrase "in real terms" in the context of "educational expenditures" (money) almost always refers to adjusting for inflation.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "corrected for inflation" and gives examples like "real prices" and "real income".

    *   Sense 6 is the perfect match for "real terms" when discussing expenditures over a period of time (quarter-of-a-century).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have <t>increased</t> sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `increase`
    *   Target surface form: `increased`
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have <t>increased</t> sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `increase%2:30:00::` (intransitive): become bigger or greater in amount. Example: "The amount of work increased."
        2.  `increase%2:30:02::` (transitive): make bigger or more. Example: "The boss finally increased her salary."

    *   Sentence: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century..."
    *   Subject: "educational expenditures (in real terms)"
    *   Verb: "have increased"
    *   Adverb: "sharply"
    *   The subject ("expenditures") is the thing that is becoming greater. There is no direct object following "increased".

    *   Sense 1 is intransitive (the subject itself grows).
    *   Sense 2 is transitive (someone/something makes something else grow).
    *   In the context, "expenditures have increased" means the amount of money spent has become greater. This matches Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "become bigger or greater in amount" -> Matches "expenditures have increased".
    *   Sense 2: "make bigger or more" -> Would require an object (e.g., "The government increased expenditures").

    *   The correct sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sharply
Target surface form: sharply
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased <t>sharply</t> in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sharply%4:02:00:: | definition=in an aggressive manner | synonyms=aggressively | examples=she was being sharply questioned
2. sense_key=sharply%4:02:01:: | definition=in a well delineated manner | synonyms=crisply | examples=the new style of Minoan pottery was sharply defined
3. sense_key=sharply%4:02:02:: | definition=changing suddenly in direction and degree | synonyms=sharp, acutely | examples=the road twists sharply after the light; turn sharp left here
4. sense_key=sharply%4:02:03:: | definition=very suddenly and to a great degree | synonyms=precipitously | examples=conditions that precipitously increase the birthrate; prices rose sharply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sharply`
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased <t>sharply</t> in the past quarter-of-a-century..."
    *   Target surface form: `sharply`

    *   Sense 1: `in an aggressive manner` (e.g., "sharply questioned") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `in a well delineated manner` (e.g., "sharply defined") - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: `changing suddenly in direction and degree` (e.g., "the road twists sharply") - This refers to physical direction or a sudden change in path.
    *   Sense 4: `very suddenly and to a great degree` (e.g., "prices rose sharply") - This refers to a significant and rapid increase or decrease in quantity or value.

    *   The context is "educational expenditures... have increased sharply".
    *   "Expenditures" (money spent) is a quantitative measure.
    *   "Increased sharply" means the amount of money spent grew significantly and rapidly.
    *   This matches Sense 4 ("very suddenly and to a great degree", synonym "precipitously", example "prices rose sharply").

    *   Sense 4 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the <t>past</t> quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `past`
    *   Target surface form: `past`
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the <t>past</t> quarter-of-a-century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `past%3:00:00::`: earlier than the present time; no longer current.
        2.  `past%5:00:00:outgoing:00`: of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office.

    *   The phrase is "the past quarter-of-a-century".
    *   This refers to the 25 years preceding the present moment.
    *   It describes a period of time.

    *   Sense 1: "earlier than the present time; no longer current". This fits perfectly with a time period preceding the present.
    *   Sense 2: "of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office". This refers to people (e.g., a past president), not time periods.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we <t>now</t> spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "now"
    *   Target surface form: "now"
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we <t>now</t> spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined."

    *   Sense 1: Historical present (narrating past events).
    *   Sense 2: In these times; nowadays, today.
    *   Sense 3: Preface a command/reproof/request.
    *   Sense 4: At the present moment; at present.
    *   Sense 5: Without delay; immediately.
    *   Sense 6: Change of subject/activity.
    *   Sense 7: In the immediate past.

    *   The sentence discusses a trend over the "past quarter-of-a-century."
    *   It states that as a result of this trend, "we <t>now</t> spend more per pupil than any other country in the world."
    *   This "now" refers to the current era or the current state of affairs resulting from a long-term trend.

    *   Sense 2 ("in these times; nowadays, today") fits well because it describes a general current state compared to the past.
    *   Sense 4 ("at the present moment") is very similar. Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 4.
        *   Sense 2: "nowadays, today" (general current era).
        *   Sense 4: "at present" (specific moment or current state).
    *   In the context of "past quarter-of-a-century" and spending per pupil, it's referring to the current period/era rather than a specific "moment."
    *   Example for Sense 2: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets." (General current state).
    *   Example for Sense 4: "goods now on sale." (Current state/moment).
    *   The sentence "we now spend more per pupil than any other country" is a statement about the current era/state of affairs.

    *   Sense 2: "in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today"
    *   Sense 4: "at the present moment | synonyms=at present"
    *   Usually, "nowadays" (Sense 2) is used for general trends over time, while "at present" (Sense 4) can be more immediate.
    *   The context "in the past quarter-of-a-century" strongly suggests a comparison between a past period and the current period (nowadays).

    *   Sense 1: No (not historical present).
    *   Sense 3: No (not a command).
    *   Sense 5: No (not immediately).
    *   Sense 6: No (not a transition).
    *   Sense 7: No (not immediate past).

    *   Sense 2: "in these times; nowadays, today"
    *   Sense 4: "at the present moment; at present"
    *   "We now spend more per pupil..." -> "We nowadays spend more per pupil..." (Fits well).
    *   "We now spend more per pupil..." -> "At the present moment we spend more per pupil..." (Also fits, but Sense 2 captures the contrast with the "past quarter-of-a-century" better).

    *   Sense 2 is often used for general current conditions/trends.
    *   Sense 4 is often used for a specific point in time.
    *   The context is a broad socio-economic trend.

    *   Sense 2: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets" (General trend/era).
    *   Sense 4: "goods now on sale" (Current state).
    *   The target sentence "we now spend more per pupil than any other country" is almost identical in structure and meaning to the Sense 2 example.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spend
Target surface form: spend
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now <t>spend</t> more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `spend`
    *   Target surface form: `spend`
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now <t>spend</t> more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `spend%2:42:00::` (pass time in a specific way)
        2.  `spend%2:40:00::` (pay out; synonyms: expend, drop; example: spend money)
        3.  `spend%2:40:01::` (spend completely; example: I spend my pocket money in two days)

    *   The sentence discusses "educational expenditures" and says "we now spend more per pupil than any other country".
    *   The object being spent is implied to be money (expenditures).
    *   The context is about the amount of money paid out for education per pupil.

    *   Sense 1: Pass time. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Pay out (money). (Correct - fits "expenditures" and "spend more per pupil")
    *   Sense 3: Spend completely. (Incorrect - the context is about the *amount* spent, not the *exhaustion* of a fund).

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend <t>more</t> per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "...we now spend <t>more</t> per pupil than any other country in the world..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., "more interesting").
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., "he works more now").

    *   The sentence is: "...we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world..."
    *   In this context, "more" refers to the amount of money spent.
    *   It is functioning as a pronoun or adverb meaning "a greater amount" or "to a greater extent."
    *   It is not being used to modify an adjective or adverb (like "more interesting").

    *   Sense 1: Used to form the comparative of adjectives/adverbs. (Incorrect: "more" is not modifying an adjective here).
    *   Sense 2: Comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent. (Correct: "spend more" means "spend a greater amount/degree").

    *   The target word "more" in "spend more per pupil" is the comparative of "much" (or "many"), referring to the quantity of money. This aligns perfectly with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pupil
Target surface form: pupil
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per <t>pupil</t> than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pupil%1:18:00:: | definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution | synonyms=student, educatee
2. sense_key=pupil%1:08:00:: | definition=the contractile aperture in the center of the iris of the eye; resembles a large black dot
3. sense_key=pupil%1:18:01:: | definition=a young person attending school (up through senior high school) | synonyms=schoolchild, school-age child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pupil`
    *   Target surface form: `pupil`
    *   Context: A text discussing education expenditures, school governance, classroom influence, and spending per pupil.
    *   Specific sentence: "...we now spend more per <t>pupil</t> than any other country in the world..."

    *   Sense 1: `pupil%1:18:00::` - a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution (synonyms: student, educatee).
    *   Sense 2: `pupil%1:08:00::` - the contractile aperture in the center of the iris of the eye.
    *   Sense 3: `pupil%1:18:01::` - a young person attending school (up through senior high school) (synonyms: schoolchild, school-age child).

    *   The context is clearly about education, schools, classrooms, and spending on students.
    *   Sense 2 (eye) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 1 (learner enrolled in an educational institution) is a broad term.
    *   Sense 3 (young person attending school up through senior high school) is more specific to primary/secondary education.

    *   The text mentions "school governance", "classroom", "smaller classes", "academic performance of the pupils", and "teachers".
    *   "Spend more per pupil" in the context of national education expenditures usually refers to the general student population in the K-12 system (schoolchildren).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1 is the general category (student).
        *   Sense 3 is specifically a school-age child.
    *   In the context of "school governance", "classroom", and "teachers", "pupil" almost always refers to the school-age child (K-12).
    *   Looking at the WordNet hierarchy (though not provided, I know it), `pupil%1:18:01` is often a hyponym of `pupil%1:18:00` or they are very close.
    *   Let's re-read the glosses:
        *   1: "a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution"
        *   3: "a young person attending school (up through senior high school)"
    *   The text mentions "school governance" and "teachers" and "smaller classes". This strongly points to the K-12 school system.
    *   In many linguistic datasets for WSD, "pupil" in the context of primary/secondary school is mapped to the "schoolchild" sense.

    *   Sense 1 is very general (could include university students).
    *   Sense 3 is specific to school-age children.
    *   The context "school governance", "classroom", "teachers", and "smaller classes" strongly implies the K-12 system rather than higher education.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most precise fit.

    *   Wait, let me double-check. Is "pupil" used for university students? Rarely. "Student" is used. "Pupil" almost exclusively refers to children in school.
    *   If Sense 1 is "learner enrolled in an educational institution" and Sense 3 is "young person attending school", and the context is clearly school-age children, Sense 3 is the more specific and accurate description.

    *   Sense 1: learner enrolled in an educational institution.
    *   Sense 3: young person attending school (up through senior high school).
    *   The text says "school governance", "classroom", "teachers". This is the K-12 environment.
    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any <t>other</t> country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...we now spend more per pupil than any <t>other</t> country in the world..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied (e.g., "highways and other public works").
        2.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past (e.g., "the other evening").
        3.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past (e.g., "former generations").
        4.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected (e.g., "a strange, other dimension").

    *   The sentence is: "...we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world..."
    *   Here, "other" is used to exclude the current subject (the country being discussed, presumably the US, given the context of New York and Chicago) from the group of countries being compared.
    *   It means "different from the one already mentioned."

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". This fits perfectly. "Any other country" means any country that is not the one we are talking about.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual". Does not fit.

    *   The target word "other" in "any other country" is a determiner/adjective meaning "different from the one mentioned." This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other <t>country</t> in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `country`
    *   Context: "...we now spend more per pupil than any other <t>country</t> in the world..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `country%1:14:00::`: a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
        2.  `country%1:15:00::`: the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
        3.  `country%1:14:01::`: the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
        4.  `country%1:15:01::`: an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
        5.  `country%1:15:02::`: a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary.

    *   The sentence is comparing spending per pupil across different "countries in the world."
    *   "Spend more per pupil than any other country" refers to the political entity/nation-state that manages the education budget.
    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body) vs. Sense 2 (territory).
    *   When talking about spending, government policy, and international comparisons of statistics (like spending per pupil), "country" usually refers to the political entity (the state/nation) rather than the physical land/territory.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms: state, nation). This fits perfectly with the idea of a government spending money on education.
    *   Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" (Synonyms: state, land). This refers to the physical land.
    *   Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation" (Synonyms: nation, land). This refers to the population.
    *   Sense 4: "an area outside of cities and towns" (rural area). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary". Not applicable.

    *   The context "spend more per pupil than any other country" implies the entity that does the spending (the government/state).
    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate for a political/administrative entity.

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00::`
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:01::`
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01::`
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:02::`

    Wait, let me double-check the index numbers provided in the prompt.
    Candidate senses:
    1. sense_key=country%1:14:00::
    2. sense_key=country%1:15:00::
    3. sense_key=country%1:14:01::
    4. sense_key=country%1:15:01::
    5. sense_key=country%1:15:02::

    The index for "a politically organized body of people under a single government" is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- <t>educational</t> performance has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- <t>educational</t> performance has declined."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00::`: relating to the process of education (Example: educational psychology)
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (Example: an educational film)

    *   The phrase is "educational performance".
    *   The context discusses school governance, expenditures on education, classrooms, academic performance of pupils, and administrative structures.
    *   "Educational performance" refers to the performance related to the process of education (how well students are learning/performing in the educational system).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". This fits perfectly. "Educational performance" is performance relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (instructive). This describes something that *teaches* (like a book or a film). "Educational performance" does not mean "performance that provides knowledge" in this context; it means the performance *within* the educational system.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: performance
Target surface form: performance
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational <t>performance</t> has declined. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=performance%1:10:00:: | definition=a dramatic or musical entertainment | synonyms=public presentation | examples=they listened to ten different performances; the play ran for 100 performances
2. sense_key=performance%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment | examples=we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal; an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto
3. sense_key=performance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it | synonyms=execution, carrying out, carrying into action | examples=they criticised his performance as mayor; experience generally improves performance
4. sense_key=performance%1:04:03:: | definition=any recognized accomplishment | examples=they admired his performance under stress; when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe
5. sense_key=performance%1:22:00:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=operation, functioning | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `performance`
    *   Context: "...even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils... educational performance has declined."
    *   Key phrases: "academic performance of the pupils", "educational performance has declined".

    *   Sense 1: A dramatic or musical entertainment (e.g., a play). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: The act of presenting a play or music. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: The act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it. Synonyms: execution, carrying out. Example: "they criticised his performance as mayor; experience generally improves performance". -> This fits well with "academic performance" (how well students are doing/performing in school).
    *   Sense 4: Any recognized accomplishment. Example: "his performance under stress". -> This is close, but "academic performance" usually refers to the ongoing level of achievement/functioning rather than a single accomplishment.
    *   Sense 5: Process or manner of functioning or operating. Synonyms: operation, functioning. Example: "the power of its engine determines its operation". -> This is more about mechanical or systemic functioning.

    *   "Academic performance" refers to how well a student is doing in their studies.
    *   Sense 3 ("the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it") captures the essence of applying knowledge and achieving results in an educational setting.
    *   Sense 4 is about a specific "accomplishment".
    *   Sense 5 is about "functioning" (like a machine).

    *   Sense 3 is the standard way to describe "performance" in the context of a person's ability to execute tasks or achieve results in a role (like a student or a mayor).

    *   Sense 3: "the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it". This aligns perfectly with "academic performance".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decline
Target surface form: declined
Context:
New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has <t>declined</t>. That is the way the system works.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decline%2:30:01:: | definition=grow worse | synonyms=worsen | examples=Conditions in the slum worsened
2. sense_key=decline%2:40:00:: | definition=refuse to accept | synonyms=refuse, reject, pass up, turn down | examples=He refused my offer of hospitality
3. sense_key=decline%2:32:00:: | definition=show unwillingness towards | synonyms=refuse | examples=he declined to join the group on a hike
4. sense_key=decline%2:30:00:: | definition=grow smaller | synonyms=go down, wane | examples=Interest in the project waned
5. sense_key=decline%2:38:00:: | definition=go down | examples=The roof declines here
6. sense_key=decline%2:38:03:: | definition=go down in value | synonyms=slump, correct | examples=the stock market corrected; prices slumped
7. sense_key=decline%2:32:01:: | definition=inflect for number, gender, case, etc., | examples=in many languages, speakers decline nouns, pronouns, and adjectives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `decline`
    *   Target surface form: `declined`
    *   Context: "...educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply... educational performance has <t>declined</t>."
    *   Meaning: Educational performance has gotten worse or decreased in quality/level.

    *   Sense 1: `grow worse` (synonym: `worsen`). Example: "Conditions in the slum worsened".
    *   Sense 2: `refuse to accept` (synonym: `refuse`, `reject`). Example: "He refused my offer of hospitality".
    *   Sense 3: `show unwillingness towards` (synonym: `refuse`). Example: "he declined to join the group on a hike".
    *   Sense 4: `grow smaller` (synonym: `go down`, `wane`). Example: "Interest in the project waned".
    *   Sense 5: `go down` (physical slope). Example: "The roof declines here".
    *   Sense 6: `go down in value` (synonym: `slump`, `correct`). Example: "the stock market corrected".
    *   Sense 7: `inflect for number, gender, case, etc.` (linguistics).

    *   The context is "educational performance has declined".
    *   Does "performance" grow smaller (Sense 4)? Or does it grow worse (Sense 1)?
    *   "Performance" in an educational context usually refers to quality or achievement. When performance "declines", it means it gets worse.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (`grow worse`) and Sense 4 (`grow smaller`):
        *   Sense 1: "Conditions in the slum worsened" (quality/state).
        *   Sense 4: "Interest in the project waned" (amount/intensity).
    *   Educational performance is a measure of quality/achievement. "Performance has declined" is synonymous with "performance has worsened".

    *   Sense 1: grow worse / worsen.
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller / wane.
    *   In many contexts, "decline" meaning "decrease" (Sense 4) and "decline" meaning "deteriorate" (Sense 1) overlap. However, "performance" is more about quality/standard than a quantity.
    *   Let's look at the context again: "educational expenditures... have increased... educational performance has declined." This is a contrast between spending (quantity) and performance (quality/result).
    *   If performance is measured by scores (numbers), it "decreases" (Sense 4). If performance is viewed as a state of being, it "worsens" (Sense 1).
    *   Usually, "performance declined" means the quality of the performance got worse.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 4.
        *   Sense 1: grow worse (worsen).
        *   Sense 4: grow smaller (go down, wane).
    *   If I say "The quality of education declined," I mean it got worse. If I say "The number of students declined," I mean it grew smaller.
    *   "Educational performance" is closer to "quality" than "number". Therefore, "grow worse" (Sense 1) is a better fit than "grow smaller" (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: grow worse.
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller.
    *   Wait, let me check common WordNet usage for "performance declined". Often, "decline" in the sense of a decrease in a metric (like test scores) is mapped to "grow smaller" or "decrease". But "performance" as a general concept is a quality.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: worsen.
        *   Sense 4: go down, wane.
    *   "Educational performance has worsened" vs "Educational performance has gone down". Both work.
    *   However, "grow worse" (Sense 1) specifically targets the deterioration of a condition or quality. "Grow smaller" (Sense 4) targets quantity or intensity.
    *   Performance is a measure of quality/effectiveness.

    *   Sense 1: grow worse (worsen)
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller (go down, wane)
    *   If the text meant the *scores* declined, it would be Sense 4. But it says *performance* declined. Performance is the quality of functioning.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 1's example: "Conditions in the slum worsened". This is a state/quality.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 4's example: "Interest in the project waned". This is an intensity/amount.
    *   "Educational performance" is more like "conditions" (a state of quality) than "interest" (an amount of feeling).

    *   Sense 1: grow worse.
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "decline" meaning "decrease in quality or amount" is split. "Performance declined" is very frequently mapped to "decrease" (Sense 4) if it's seen as a level on a scale, or "deteriorate" (Sense 1) if it's seen as quality.
    *   Looking at the contrast: "expenditures... increased... performance... declined." This is a direct opposite of "increase". The opposite of "increase" (in quantity/level) is "decrease" (Sense 4).
    *   Wait, "increase" can also mean "get better" (though usually "improve"). But "expenditures increased" is definitely quantitative. "Performance declined" is the counter-point.
    *   If expenditures (quantity) go up, and performance (level/quality) goes down, "decline" here most likely means "decrease in level".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "grow worse".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 4: "grow smaller".
    *   "Performance" can be measured (e.g., test scores). A decline in performance is a decrease in those scores.
    *   However, "performance" as a general term for how well something is doing is a quality.
    *   Let's compare "performance declined" with "conditions worsened".
    *   If I say "The economy declined," it could be Sense 4 (GDP went down) or Sense 1 (the state of the economy got worse).
    *   In the context of "educational performance", it usually refers to the standard of achievement.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again. Sense 1: worsen. Sense 4: go down, wane.
    *   "Performance has gone down" is very common. "Performance has worsened" is also common.
    *   But "grow smaller" (Sense 4) is a bit odd for "performance". You don't say performance "grew smaller". You say it "decreased" or "went down".
    *   "Grow worse" (Sense 1) fits "performance" better than "grow smaller" (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: grow worse / worsen.
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller / go down / wane.
    *   If the sense is "decrease in quality", Sense 1 is the best fit.
    *   If the sense is "decrease in quantity/level", Sense 4 is the best fit.
    *   "Educational performance" is a quality/level.
    *   Let's think about "performance" as a value on a scale. If it moves from 80% to 70%, it has "gone down" (Sense 4).
    *   But the overall meaning is that the performance got *worse* (Sense 1).
    *   Looking at the provided examples: "Conditions in the slum worsened" (Sense 1) vs "Interest in the project waned" (Sense 4).
    *   "Educational performance" is much closer to "Conditions in the slum" (a general state of quality) than "Interest in the project" (a feeling/amount).

    *   Sense 1: grow worse.
    *   Sense 4: grow smaller.
    *   In most linguistic contexts, "performance declined" = "performance deteriorated" = "performance got worse".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
-- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the <t>way</t> the system works. -- Students should move up the educational ladder as their academic potential allows.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "way"
    *   Target surface form: "way"
    *   Context: "That is the <t>way</t> the system works."
    *   Sentence context: The author is discussing how increasing education expenditures don't improve performance because the money goes to administration rather than the classroom. The sentence "That is the way the system works" summarizes the mechanism or manner in which the system operates.

    *   Sense 1: how something is done or how it happens (manner, mode, style, fashion). Example: "her dignified manner".
    *   Sense 2: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved (means, agency). Example: "a means of control".
    *   Sense 3: a line leading to a place or point (direction).
    *   Sense 4: the condition of things generally. Example: "that's the way it is".
    *   Sense 5: a course of conduct (path, way of life).
    *   Sense 6: any artifact consisting of a road or path.
    *   Sense 7: a journey or passage.
    *   Sense 8: space for movement.
    *   Sense 9: the property of distance in general.
    *   Sense 10: doing as one pleases or chooses.
    *   Sense 11: a general category of things ('in the way of').
    *   Sense 12: a portion of something divided into shares.

    *   "That is the way the system works."
    *   Does it mean "the manner in which the system works"? (Sense 1)
    *   Does it mean "the means by which the system works"? (Sense 2)
    *   Does it mean "the general condition of things"? (Sense 4)

    *   Sense 1 (manner/how it happens) fits well: "That is the manner/mode in which the system works."
    *   Sense 4 (condition of things generally) is often used in "that's the way it is," but "the way the system works" specifically describes the *process* or *mechanism* (how it happens), which aligns better with Sense 1.
    *   Sense 2 (means/agency) is more about the tool used to achieve a specific goal, whereas "the way the system works" describes the overall operation.

    *   "That is the way the system works" $\approx$ "That is how the system works."
    *   Sense 1 definition: "how something is done or how it happens".
    *   This is a perfect match.

    *   Sense 1: how something is done or how it happens.
    *   Sense 4: the condition of things generally.
    *   While "that's the way it is" (Sense 4) is similar, "the way the system works" describes the *functioning* (the "how"), which is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: student
Target surface form: Students
Context:
The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works. -- <t>Students</t> should move up the educational ladder as their academic potential allows. No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school without having mastered the 3 R's at the level that prevailed 20 years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=student%1:18:00:: | definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution | synonyms=pupil, educatee
2. sense_key=student%1:18:01:: | definition=a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines | synonyms=scholar, scholarly person, bookman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `student`
    *   Target surface form: `Students`
    *   Context: "The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom... <t>Students</t> should move up the educational ladder as their academic potential allows. No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school without having mastered the 3 R's..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `student%1:18:00::`: a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution (synonyms: pupil, educatee).
        2.  `student%1:18:01::`: a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines (synonyms: scholar, scholarly person, bookman).

    *   The text discusses education, classrooms, academic performance, pupils, teachers, educational expenditures, and graduating from elementary school.
    *   The sentence "Students should move up the educational ladder as their academic potential allows" refers to people moving through the school system.
    *   The following sentence mentions "No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school," which clearly refers to learners in a school.

    *   Sense 1: A learner enrolled in an educational institution. (Fits perfectly: pupils, elementary school, educational ladder).
    *   Sense 2: A learned person/scholar. (Does not fit the context of elementary school and moving up the educational ladder).

    *   The target word "Students" refers to learners in the educational system.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works. -- Students should move up the <t>educational</t> ladder as their academic potential allows. No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school without having mastered the 3 R's at the level that prevailed 20 years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "Students should move up the <t>educational</t> ladder as their academic potential allows."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00::`: relating to the process of education (Example: educational psychology)
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (Example: an educational film)

    *   The phrase is "educational ladder".
    *   An "educational ladder" refers to the progression through levels of schooling/education (elementary, middle, high school, college).
    *   This relates to the *system* or *process* of education, not to something that is *instructive* (like a film or a book).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". This fits perfectly. The "educational ladder" is a metaphor for the process/structure of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (instructive). A ladder doesn't provide knowledge; it's a metaphor for the levels of the education system.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: academic
Target surface form: academic
Context:
The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works. -- Students should move up the educational ladder as their <t>academic</t> potential allows. No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school without having mastered the 3 R's at the level that prevailed 20 years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=academic%3:01:00:: | definition=associated with academia or an academy | examples=the academic curriculum; academic gowns
2. sense_key=academic%5:00:00:theoretical:01 | definition=hypothetical or theoretical and not expected to produce an immediate or practical result | examples=an academic discussion; an academic question
3. sense_key=academic%5:00:00:scholarly:00 | definition=marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects | synonyms=donnish, pedantic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `academic`
    *   Target surface form: `academic`
    *   Context: "Students should move up the educational ladder as their <t>academic</t> potential allows."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `academic%3:01:00`: associated with academia or an academy (e.g., academic curriculum, academic gowns).
        2.  `academic%5:00:00:theoretical:01`: hypothetical or theoretical and not expected to produce an immediate or practical result (e.g., academic discussion).
        3.  `academic%5:00:00:scholarly:00`: marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects (synonyms: donnish, pedantic).

    *   The sentence is: "Students should move up the educational ladder as their academic potential allows."
    *   "Academic potential" refers to a student's ability to succeed in school, their intellectual capacity for learning, or their performance in educational settings.

    *   Sense 1: "associated with academia or an academy". This fits well. "Academic potential" is potential related to school/academia.
    *   Sense 2: "hypothetical or theoretical". This does not fit. "Hypothetical potential" doesn't make sense here.
    *   Sense 3: "marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects" (pedantic). This does not fit. "Pedantic potential" is not what is meant.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the context of educational achievement and potential within a school system.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: potential
Context:
The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons. The new money flows into the already top-heavy administrative structure, which busies itself piling more and more paper work on the teachers. There is neither mystery nor paradox in the fact that as educational expenditures (in real terms) have increased sharply in the past quarter-of-a-century -- we now spend more per pupil than any other country in the world -- educational performance has declined. That is the way the system works. -- Students should move up the educational ladder as their academic <t>potential</t> allows. No student should be permitted to be graduated from elementary school without having mastered the 3 R's at the level that prevailed 20 years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potentiality, potency
2. sense_key=potential%1:19:00:: | definition=the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts | synonyms=electric potential, potential difference, potential drop, voltage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "potential"
    *   Target surface form: "potential"
    *   Context: "Students should move up the educational ladder as their academic <t>potential</t> allows."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `potential%1:26:00::`: the inherent capacity for coming into being (synonyms: potentiality, potency)
        2.  `potential%1:19:00::`: the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts (synonyms: electric potential, potential difference, potential drop, voltage)

    *   The sentence is about students moving up an educational ladder based on their "academic potential".
    *   "Academic potential" refers to a student's inherent ability or capacity to achieve academic success.

    *   Sense 1: "the inherent capacity for coming into being" (fits the idea of ability/capacity).
    *   Sense 2: "the difference in electrical charge..." (completely irrelevant to education).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.