[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in <t>countries</t>, which admit immigrants."

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00::` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation). Focus: Political entity.
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:00::` - the territory occupied by a nation (state, land). Focus: Geographic territory.
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:01::` - the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land). Focus: Population.
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01::` - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area). Focus: Rural vs. Urban.
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:02::` - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary. Focus: Region.

    *   The sentence discusses "migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   "Countries" here refers to the sovereign entities (states/nations) that have policies to admit immigrants and experience economic effects.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (political body/state) and Sense 2 (territory):
        *   Economic growth, wages, and employment are typically measured and managed at the level of the state/political entity (Sense 1).
        *   While the territory (Sense 2) is where these things happen, the context of "admitting immigrants" is a political/legal action taken by a government (Sense 1).
        *   Example for Sense 1: "African nations".
        *   Example for Sense 2: "he visited several European countries".
    *   In the context of "economic growth, wages and employment in countries", it refers to the nations as political/economic units.

    *   Sense 1: Politically organized body (state/nation).
    *   Sense 2: Territory occupied by a nation.
    *   Sense 3: People who live in a nation.
    *   Sense 4: Rural area.
    *   Sense 5: Geographical region.

    The phrase "countries, which admit immigrants" strongly points to the political entity (the state) because admitting immigrants is a function of government policy. Economic growth and employment are metrics of a national economy (the state).

    *Self-Correction/Refinement:* Often, "country" as a political entity (Sense 1) and "country" as a territory (Sense 2) are used interchangeably. However, "admitting immigrants" is a sovereign act of a state.

    Let's look at the synonyms:
    Sense 1: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
    Sense 2: state, land.

    The context "economic growth, wages and employment in countries" fits the concept of a "nation" or "state" as a political/economic unit better than just the physical "territory".

    Sense 1 is the most comprehensive fit for a sovereign entity managing immigration and economic metrics.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `immigration`
    *   Target surface form: `immigration`
    *   Context: "Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses immigrants as a burden/asset, the "immigration problem," migration flows, and the economic impact of admitting immigrants.

    *   Sense 1: `migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)` (The general process/phenomenon of moving into a country).
    *   Sense 2: `the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval` (The group of people themselves).

    *   The sentence is: "Restraining <t>immigration</t> leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   "Restraining immigration" refers to limiting the *process* or *act* of people moving into the country, not necessarily restraining a specific "body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval."
    *   The context discusses "migration flows" and the "immigration problem," which align more with the general process of migration into a place (Sense 1) rather than a specific group of people arriving in a specific timeframe (Sense 2).
    *   If it were Sense 2, it would be like saying "Restraining the group of people who arrived in 2010," which doesn't fit the general policy discussion here.

    *   Sense 1 is the general concept of migration into a country.
    *   Sense 2 is the specific group of people.
    *   "Restraining immigration" clearly refers to the process/policy of allowing people to move in.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `growth`
    *   Target surface form: `growth`
    *   Context: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic <t>growth</t> and harms employment."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the impact of migration flows on "economic growth, wages and employment in countries".

    *   Sense 1: (biology) process of an individual organism growing organically. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms (e.g., growth of culture). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important (synonyms: increase, increment; examples: increase in unemployment, growth of population). (Fits "economic growth" - an increase in economic output/size).
    *   Sense 4: vegetation that has grown. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: (pathology) abnormal proliferation of tissue. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing (e.g., growth of hair). (Incorrect)

    *   The context explicitly mentions "economic growth" in the preceding sentence.
    *   "Anaemic growth" in this context refers to slow economic growth (a slow increase in the size of the economy).
    *   Sense 3 ("a process of becoming larger... synonyms=increase, increment") is the standard definition for economic growth.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `employment`
    *   Target surface form: `employment`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms <t>employment</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `employment%1:26:00::`: the state of being employed or having a job.
        2.  `employment%1:04:00::`: the occupation for which you are paid (synonym: work).
        3.  `employment%1:04:02::`: the act of giving someone a job (synonym: engagement).
        4.  `employment%1:04:01::`: the act of using (synonym: use, usage).

    *   The sentence is: "Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."
    *   The context discusses economic growth, wages, and the impact of migration flows on the economy.
    *   "Harms employment" in this economic context refers to the overall level of people having jobs in the economy (the employment rate or the state of people being employed).

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job". This fits well. When economists talk about "employment" in a macro sense (e.g., "employment rose by 2%"), they are referring to the state/level of people being employed.
    *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid". This refers to a specific job or profession (e.g., "What is your employment?"). This doesn't fit "harms employment".
    *   Sense 3: "the act of giving someone a job". This refers to the process of hiring. While related, "harms employment" usually refers to the overall state of employment in the economy, not just the act of hiring.
    *   Sense 4: "the act of using". This refers to using a tool or resource. Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 1 ("the state of being employed") is the standard way to refer to employment as an economic indicator (the opposite of unemployment).
    *   Sense 2 is more about a specific person's job.
    *   Sense 3 is about the act of hiring.
    *   Sense 4 is about usage.

    The context "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment" and "harms employment" clearly points to the general state of people having jobs in the economy.

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job" -> Fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fear
Target surface form: Fears
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. <t>Fears</t> about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: | definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fear`
    *   Target surface form: `Fears`
    *   Context: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fear%1:12:00::`: an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) [fearfulness, fright]
        2.  `fear%1:12:01::`: an anxious feeling [concern, care]
        3.  `fear%1:12:02::`: a feeling of profound respect for someone or something [reverence, awe, veneration]

    *   The sentence is: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   Here, "Fears" refers to the worries or concerns people have regarding the economic impact of immigration (specifically, the fear of being replaced in the workforce).
    *   It is not a sudden fright or panic (Sense 1).
    *   It is not reverence or awe (Sense 3).
    *   It is an anxious feeling or concern about a potential negative outcome (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: "emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)". This is more acute (e.g., fear of a spider, fear of a car crash).
    *   Sense 2: "an anxious feeling" (synonyms: concern, care). This fits the context of societal/economic concerns about immigration.
    *   Sense 3: "profound respect" (synonyms: reverence, awe). Not applicable.

    *   The word "Fears" in "Fears about the impact of immigrants" is synonymous with "Concerns about the impact of immigrants".
    *   Sense 2 explicitly lists "concern" as a synonym.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "Fears about the <t>impact</t> of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the economic effects of migration flows on growth, wages, and employment. It mentions "positive impact of migration flows" and then "Fears about the impact of immigrants".

    *   Sense 1: `the striking of one body against another` (Physical collision) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `a forceful consequence; a strong effect` (Synonym: wallop; Example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking") - This fits the context of an effect or consequence of immigration on the labor market.
    *   Sense 3: `influencing strongly` (Synonyms: impingement, encroachment; Example: "the impingement of American values on European culture") - This is more about intrusion or encroachment. While "impact" can mean influence, Sense 2 is a more general and common fit for "the impact of [something] on [something]".
    *   Sense 4: `the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat` (Synonym: shock) - Not applicable.

    *   The sentence "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..." refers to the *effect* or *consequence* that immigrants have on the job market.
    *   Sense 2 ("a forceful consequence; a strong effect") aligns perfectly with this usage.

    *   Sense 1: Physical collision. (No)
    *   Sense 2: Strong effect/consequence. (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: Impingement/encroachment. (No, "impact" here isn't specifically about encroachment, but the general effect).
    *   Sense 4: Combat. (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `notion`
    *   Target surface form: `notion`
    *   Context: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the <t>notion</t> that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."

    *   Sense 1: `notion%1:09:02::` - a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: `notion%1:09:00::` - a general inclusive concept.
    *   Sense 3: `notion%1:09:01::` - an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (synonyms: whim, whimsy).
    *   Sense 4: `notion%1:06:00::` - small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.

    *   The sentence says: "Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers..."
    *   Here, "notion" refers to a belief or an idea held by people (specifically, the belief that immigrants replace native workers).
    *   Is it a "general inclusive concept" (Sense 2)? Not really; it's a specific belief/idea.
    *   Is it an "odd or fanciful idea" (Sense 3)? While the author might think it's wrong, the word "notion" here describes the belief driving the fear, not necessarily a "whim."
    *   Is it "small personal articles" (Sense 4)? Definitely not.
    *   Is it "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (Sense 1)? Synonyms include "belief" and "opinion." The sentence describes a belief/opinion that immigrants replace native workers.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   In the context "the notion that they are liable to replace native workers", it is a specific belief or opinion held by a group of people. This fits Sense 1 much better than Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: belief, opinion.
    *   Context: "the notion that they are liable to replace native workers" -> "the belief that they are liable to replace native workers". This is a perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: workers
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worker`
    *   Target surface form: `workers`
    *   Context: "...Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native <t>workers</t>, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `worker%1:18:00::`: a person who works at a specific occupation.
        2.  `worker%1:18:01::`: a member of the working class (not necessarily employed).
        3.  `worker%1:05:01::`: sterile member of a colony of social insects.
        4.  `worker%1:18:02::`: a person who acts and gets things done.

    *   The sentence discusses immigrants replacing "native workers," specifically "unskilled ones," and the effect on "wages."
    *   This refers to people employed in jobs or occupations.

    *   Sense 1: "a person who works at a specific occupation" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a member of the working class" - This is more of a socio-economic class designation (proletarian). While related, the context focuses on the act of employment/occupation (replacing them in the workforce).
    *   Sense 3: "sterile member of a colony of social insects" - Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4: "a person who acts and gets things done" - Irrelevant.

    *   The context mentions "unskilled ones" and "downward pressure on wages," which strongly points to the occupational meaning (Sense 1) rather than the class-based meaning (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit for "native workers" in the context of labor markets and wages.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "one"
    *   Target surface form: "ones"
    *   Context: "...Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled <t>ones</t>, exerting downward pressure on wages."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `one%1:23:00::`: the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number.
        2.  `one%1:09:00::`: a single person or thing.

    *   The sentence is: "...replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones..."
    *   In this context, "ones" refers back to "native workers".
    *   "Unskilled ones" means "unskilled native workers".
    *   Therefore, "ones" is being used as a pronoun to refer to people (workers).

    *   Sense 1: Number/numeral. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A single person or thing. (Correct - "ones" is the plural form of "one" used as a pronoun to refer to people/things previously mentioned).

    *   The target word "ones" refers to "native workers".
    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly as it defines "one" as "a single person or thing".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pressure`
    *   Target surface form: `pressure`
    *   Context: "...exerting downward <t>pressure</t> on wages."
    *   Surrounding text: Discussing the impact of immigrants on the labor market, specifically the fear that they replace native workers and push wages down.

    *   Sense 1: Physical force per unit area (pascals/dynes). (Incorrect: Not physical force)
    *   Sense 2: A force that compels (e.g., public pressure on government). (Possible, but usually refers to social/political coercion)
    *   Sense 3: The act of pressing (e.g., pressing a button). (Incorrect: Not a physical act of pressing)
    *   Sense 4: State of demanding notice or attention (e.g., press of business). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Somatic sensation (skin). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: An oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress. (Possible: "economic distress" or "economic pressure")
    *   Sense 7: Atmospheric pressure. (Incorrect)

    *   The phrase is "downward pressure on wages."
    *   In economics, "downward pressure" refers to a force or condition that tends to push prices or wages lower.
    *   Is this "a force that compels" (Sense 2) or "an oppressive condition of... economic distress" (Sense 6)?
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels" (e.g., "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"). This is about influence or coercion.
    *   Sense 6: "an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress". This is more about the *state* of being under pressure.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "A force that compels". In economics, "downward pressure" is often described as a force acting on a variable.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 6: "an oppressive condition of... economic distress". "Downward pressure on wages" isn't necessarily a condition of distress, but rather a mechanism/force causing a trend.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "the public brought pressure to bear on the government". This is a metaphorical "force".
    *   Is there a better fit?
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels".
    *   Sense 6: "an oppressive condition of... economic distress".
    *   Actually, "downward pressure on wages" is a standard economic term. It means factors that tend to lower wages. This is a "force that compels" the wages to go down.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 6 again.
        *   Sense 2: "a force that compels" (influence, coercion, driving force).
        *   Sense 6: "an oppressive condition" (stress, hardship).
    *   "Downward pressure on wages" is a driving force, not necessarily a state of distress (though it might lead to it).

    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels" -> "exerting downward pressure on wages" (the force of increased labor supply compels wages to drop).
    *   Sense 6: "an oppressive condition of... economic distress" -> This describes the *feeling* or *state* of being under pressure (e.g., "the pressure of poverty").

    *   Sense 2 fits the "exerting [force] on [something]" pattern better. "Exerting pressure" is a common collocation for Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels"
    *   Example: "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
    *   Context: "exerting downward pressure on wages"
    *   This matches the usage of "pressure" as a metaphorical force driving a change.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experience
Target surface form: experience
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But <t>experience</t> shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher
2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly
3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `experience`
    *   Target surface form: `experience`
    *   Context: "But <t>experience</t> shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `experience%1:09:01::`: the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities (e.g., "a man of experience", "experience is the best teacher").
        2.  `experience%1:09:00::`: the content of direct observation or participation in an event (e.g., "he had a religious experience").
        3.  `experience%1:11:00::`: an event as apprehended (e.g., "a surprising experience").

    *   The sentence is: "But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor..."
    *   Here, "experience" refers to the collective knowledge or evidence gathered over time through observation and participation in the real world.
    *   It's used in the sense of "empirical evidence" or "the accumulation of knowledge."

    *   Sense 1: "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities". This fits perfectly. "Experience shows" is a common idiom meaning "based on what we have learned from observing/participating in events over time."
    *   Sense 2: "the content of direct observation or participation in an event". This refers to a specific instance or the quality of an event (e.g., "a religious experience"). Not a fit.
    *   Sense 3: "an event as apprehended". This refers to a specific occurrence (e.g., "a surprising experience"). Not a fit.

    *   The phrase "experience shows" aligns with the definition of accumulated knowledge/skill resulting from participation/observation. Sense 1 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: replacement
Target surface form: replacements
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=replacement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another | synonyms=replacing | examples=replacing the star will not be easy
2. sense_key=replacement%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who takes the place of another person | synonyms=surrogate, alternate
3. sense_key=replacement%1:11:00:: | definition=an event in which one thing is substituted for another | synonyms=substitution, permutation, transposition, switch | examples=the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood
4. sense_key=replacement%1:09:00:: | definition=a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another | synonyms=substitute
5. sense_key=replacement%1:22:00:: | definition=filling again by supplying what has been used up | synonyms=refilling, replenishment, renewal
6. sense_key=replacement%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who follows next in order | synonyms=successor | examples=he was President Lincoln's successor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `replacement`
    *   Target surface form: `replacements`
    *   Context: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than <t>replacements</t> of, local labor..."
    *   Meaning: The sentence discusses whether immigrants take the place of local workers (substitute for them) or complement them.

    *   Sense 1: `the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another` (Action/Process)
    *   Sense 2: `someone who takes the place of another person` (Person - surrogate, alternate)
    *   Sense 3: `an event in which one thing is substituted for another` (Event/Process)
    *   Sense 4: `a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another` (Substitute - general)
    *   Sense 5: `filling again by supplying what has been used up` (Refilling)
    *   Sense 6: `a person who follows next in order` (Successor)

    *   The sentence says "immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor".
    *   Here, "replacements" refers to the immigrants themselves (the people) acting as substitutes for local labor.
    *   Sense 2 is specifically "someone who takes the place of another person".
    *   Sense 4 is "a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another".
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4: Sense 2 is more specific to people (surrogate, alternate), while Sense 4 is a more general "substitute".
    *   In the context of labor economics (complementary vs. substitute), "replacement" refers to the entity (the immigrant) that takes the place of the other entity (the local worker).
    *   Looking at the synonyms: Sense 4's synonym is "substitute". In economics, "substitute" is the exact opposite of "complementary".
    *   Sense 2's synonyms are "surrogate, alternate", which don't fit the economic context as well as "substitute".

    *   Sense 4: "a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another" (synonym: substitute).
    *   The sentence contrasts "complementary" with "replacements". In economic terms, labor can be a complement or a substitute.
    *   Therefore, "replacements" here means "substitutes".

    *   Sense 1: Act of furnishing (No)
    *   Sense 2: Someone who takes the place (Possible, but Sense 4 is broader and fits "substitute" better)
    *   Sense 3: An event (No)
    *   Sense 4: A person or thing that takes the place (Yes, fits "substitute")
    *   Sense 5: Refilling (No)
    *   Sense 6: Successor (No)

    *   Sense 4 is the most accurate because it aligns with the economic concept of "substitute" (complementary vs. substitute).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: labor
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local <t>labor</t>, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `labor`
    *   Target surface form: `labor`
    *   Context: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local <t>labor</t>, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `labor%1:14:00::`: a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages (synonyms: labour, working class, proletariat; example: "shortage of skilled labor in this field").
        2.  `labor%1:04:00::`: productive work (especially physical work done for wages) (synonyms: labour, toil).
        3.  `labor%1:26:00::`: concluding state of pregnancy.
        4.  `labor%1:14:04::`: organized attempt by workers to improve status (labor unions).
        5.  `labor%1:14:02::`: British Labour Party.
        6.  `labor%1:14:01::`: US Department of Labor.
        7.  `labor%1:04:01::`: any piece of work (undertaking, project).

    *   The text discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   It mentions "native workers," "unskilled ones," and "downward pressure on wages."
    *   The specific phrase is "complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor."
    *   It also says "shortage of local labor" and "sectors, which do not attract local labor."

    *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" (synonyms: working class, proletariat). Example: "shortage of skilled labor in this field."
    *   Sense 2: "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)" (synonyms: labour, toil).
    *   Sense 7: "any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted" (synonyms: undertaking, project).

    *   In economics, "labor" often refers to the workforce (the people) or the effort provided by the workforce.
    *   "Local labor" in "shortage of local labor" and "replacements of local labor" refers to the pool of available workers (the workforce).
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" and provides the example "shortage of skilled labor in this field." This matches the context of "shortage of local labor" and "replacements of local labor" perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *act* of working (productive work/toil). While related, "local labor" in this context refers to the *people* (the workforce) available for hire.

    *   Sense 1: Workforce/Working class.
    *   Sense 2: The activity of working.
    *   The context "replacements of local labor" and "shortage of local labor" strongly points to the workforce (the people), which is Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: `labor%1:14:00::`
    *   Sense 2: `labor%1:04:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `labor%1:26:00::`
    *   Sense 4: `labor%1:14:04::`
    *   Sense 5: `labor%1:14:02::`
    *   Sense 6: `labor%1:14:01::`
    *   Sense 7: `labor%1:04:01::`

    The index for `labor%1:14:00::` is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trade
Target surface form: trades
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising <t>trades</t> in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trade%1:04:05:: | definition=the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services | examples=Venice was an important center of trade with the East; they are accused of conspiring to constrain trade
2. sense_key=trade%1:04:00:: | definition=the skilled practice of a practical occupation | synonyms=craft | examples=he learned his trade as an apprentice
3. sense_key=trade%1:04:01:: | definition=the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers | synonyms=patronage | examples=even before noon there was a considerable patronage
4. sense_key=trade%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=deal, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
5. sense_key=trade%1:14:00:: | definition=people who perform a particular kind of skilled work | synonyms=craft | examples=he represented the craft of brewers; as they say in the trade
6. sense_key=trade%1:19:00:: | definition=steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator | synonyms=trade wind | examples=they rode the trade winds going west
7. sense_key=trade%1:04:03:: | definition=an equal exchange | synonyms=barter, swap, swop | examples=we had no money so we had to live by barter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `trade`
    *   Target surface form: `trades`
    *   Context: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising <t>trades</t> in which there is a shortage of local labor."

    *   Sense 1: Commercial exchange of goods/services (e.g., international trade).
    *   Sense 2: The skilled practice of a practical occupation (e.g., learning a trade as an apprentice).
    *   Sense 3: Business given to a commercial establishment (patronage).
    *   Sense 4: A particular instance of buying or selling (a deal).
    *   Sense 5: People who perform a particular kind of skilled work (the craft of brewers).
    *   Sense 6: Trade winds.
    *   Sense 7: Equal exchange (barter).

    *   The sentence says immigrants are "exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."
    *   "Exercising trades" refers to performing skilled practical occupations or jobs.
    *   This matches Sense 2: "the skilled practice of a practical occupation."

    *   Sense 2: "the skilled practice of a practical occupation" (synonym: craft).
    *   Sense 5: "people who perform a particular kind of skilled work" (synonym: craft).
    *   The sentence says "exercising trades". You exercise a skill or a practice, not people. Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.

    *   Sense 1: No (not about buying/selling goods).
    *   Sense 2: Yes (skilled practical occupation).
    *   Sense 3: No (not patronage).
    *   Sense 4: No (not a deal).
    *   Sense 5: No (not the people themselves).
    *   Sense 6: No (not winds).
    *   Sense 7: No (not barter).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shortage
Target surface form: shortage
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a <t>shortage</t> of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shortage%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required | synonyms=deficit, shortfall | examples=new blood vessels bud out from the already dilated vascular bed to make up the nutritional deficit
2. sense_key=shortage%1:26:00:: | definition=an acute insufficiency | synonyms=dearth, famine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `shortage`
    *   Target surface form: `shortage`
    *   Context: "...exercising trades in which there is a <t>shortage</t> of local labor."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `shortage%1:07:00::`: the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required (synonyms: deficit, shortfall).
        2.  `shortage%1:26:00::`: an acute insufficiency (synonyms: dearth, famine).

    *   The sentence discusses immigrants filling roles in trades where there is a "shortage of local labor."
    *   This means there aren't enough local workers to meet the demand/requirement of those trades.

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required" (deficit, shortfall). This describes the *gap* or the *amount* missing.
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency" (dearth, famine). This describes the *state* of not having enough.

    *   "Shortage of local labor" is a very common phrase.
    *   Is it a "deficit" (the amount missing) or a "dearth" (the state of insufficiency)?
    *   In economic contexts, "labor shortage" usually refers to the state where the supply of labor is lower than the demand.
    *   Looking at the synonyms: "deficit/shortfall" vs "dearth/famine".
    *   "Shortfall" often refers to a specific numerical gap (e.g., a budget shortfall).
    *   "Dearth" refers to a scarcity or lack of something.
    *   In the phrase "shortage of local labor," it means there is a lack/insufficiency of workers.

    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *amount* (the property of being an amount).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *insufficiency* itself.
    *   "There is a shortage of local labor" $\approx$ "There is an insufficiency of local labor."
    *   Comparing "deficit" vs "dearth": A labor shortage is more of a dearth (lack of available people) than a specific calculated deficit (though it can be measured as one). However, "shortage" in the sense of "not enough of something" is most typically mapped to "insufficiency" or "dearth".

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required". This sounds like the *definition* of the gap itself.
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency". This sounds like the *condition* of not having enough.
    *   In "there is a shortage of local labor", "shortage" is the condition.

    *   Wait, let's look at the examples provided in the prompt for Sense 1: "new blood vessels bud out... to make up the nutritional deficit". Here, deficit is the amount missing.
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: "dearth, famine". A "labor shortage" is very similar to a "dearth of labor".

    *   Sense 1: deficit, shortfall.
    *   Sense 2: dearth, famine.
    *   "Shortage of labor" $\rightarrow$ "Dearth of labor" (Sense 2) or "Shortfall of labor" (Sense 1)?
    *   "Dearth" is a much more natural synonym for a general lack of labor than "shortfall" (which is often financial or quantitative).

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required".
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency".
    *   "Shortage of local labor" fits "insufficiency" better than "the property of being an amount".

    *   Sense 1: deficit, shortfall.
    *   Sense 2: dearth, famine.
    *   A labor shortage is a lack of workers. "Dearth" means a scarcity or lack of something. "Shortfall" means a failure to come up to an expected amount.
    *   While both are close, "insufficiency/dearth" (Sense 2) is the standard meaning for "shortage" when referring to a lack of resources or people.

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required"
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency"
    *   In the sentence "there is a shortage of local labor", "shortage" is used as a noun meaning "a state of being short". This is an insufficiency.

    *   Sense 1: deficit, shortfall.
    *   Sense 2: dearth, famine.
    *   "Labor shortage" is a classic example of a "dearth" of labor.

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required"
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency"
    *   If I say "there is a shortage of labor", I am saying there is an insufficiency of labor.

    *   Sense 1: "the property of being an amount by which something is less than expected or required"
    *   Sense 2: "an acute insufficiency"
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet (the source of these glosses), "shortage" as "an acute insufficiency" is the most common sense for "labor shortage".

    *   Sense 1: deficit, shortfall.
    *   Sense 2: dearth, famine.
    *   "Shortage of local labor" $\rightarrow$ "Dearth of local labor". (Correct)
    *   "Shortage of local labor" $\rightarrow$ "Shortfall of local labor". (Less common, though possible).

    *   Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: labor
Context:
In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local <t>labor</t>. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `labor`
    *   Target surface form: `labor`
    *   Context: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local <t>labor</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, employment, native workers, and unskilled immigrants. It mentions "shortage of local labor" and "sectors, which do not attract local labor".

    *   Sense 1: `labor%1:14:00::` - a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages (synonyms: labour, working class, proletariat; example: "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field").
    *   Sense 2: `labor%1:04:00::` - productive work (especially physical work done for wages) (synonyms: labour, toil; example: "his labor did not require a great deal of skill").
    *   Sense 3: `labor%1:26:00::` - concluding state of pregnancy (childbirth).
    *   Sense 4: `labor%1:14:04::` - organized attempt by workers to improve status (labor unions).
    *   Sense 5: `labor%1:14:02::` - British Labour Party.
    *   Sense 6: `labor%1:14:01::` - US Department of Labor.
    *   Sense 7: `labor%1:04:01::` - any piece of work undertaken (project, task).

    *   The context "shortage of local labor" refers to the *people* available to work (the workforce/labor pool), not the *act* of working (productive work) or a specific *project*.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" and provides the example "there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field". This matches the context "shortage of local labor" perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *activity* of working ("productive work"). While "labor" can be ambiguous between the activity and the people, "shortage of labor" almost always refers to the supply of workers (the labor force).

    *   Context: "shortage of local labor"
    *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" / Example: "shortage of skilled labor in this field".
    *   Sense 2: "productive work".
    *   Comparison: Sense 1 is the best fit because it describes the workforce/labor pool.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in <t>sectors</t>, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sector`
    *   Target surface form: `sectors`
    *   Context: "Unskilled immigrants work in <t>sectors</t>, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Plane figure (geometry).
        2.  Social group that forms part of the society or the economy (e.g., public sector).
        3.  Particular aspect of life or activity (sphere).
        4.  Minimum track length (computing).
        5.  Portion of a military position.
        6.  Measuring instrument.

    *   The sentence discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, employment, and labor.
    *   "Unskilled immigrants work in sectors..."
    *   "dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment."
    *   In this context, "sectors" refers to parts of the economy (e.g., agriculture, construction, technology).

    *   Sense 1: Geometry (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector" (Correct - this fits the economic context perfectly).
    *   Sense 3: "a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere" (Too general; Sense 2 is more specific to the economy).
    *   Sense 4: Computing (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Military (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Instrument (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "part of the society or the economy" and gives "the public sector" as an example. This aligns with the discussion of labor markets and economic growth.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: labor
Context:
This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local <t>labor</t> and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `labor`
    *   Target surface form: `labor`
    *   Context: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local <t>labor</t>..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `labor%1:14:00::`: a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages (synonyms: labour, working class, proletariat; example: "shortage of skilled labor in this field").
        2.  `labor%1:04:00::`: productive work (especially physical work done for wages) (synonyms: labour, toil).
        3.  `labor%1:26:00::`: concluding state of pregnancy.
        4.  `labor%1:14:04::`: organized attempt by workers to improve status (labor unions).
        5.  `labor%1:14:02::`: British Labour Party.
        6.  `labor%1:14:01::`: US Department of Labor.
        7.  `labor%1:04:01::`: any piece of work (undertaking, project).

    *   The sentence is: "Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor..."
    *   The preceding sentence says: "...immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor."
    *   In this context, "local labor" refers to the *people* who provide the work (the workforce/workers), not the act of working itself.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" (synonyms: working class, proletariat; example: "shortage of skilled labor in this field").
        *   Sense 2: "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)" (synonyms: labour, toil).
    *   The phrase "shortage of local labor" and "do not attract local labor" strongly suggests the *people* (the workforce) rather than the *activity* of working.
    *   The example for Sense 1 ("shortage of skilled labor in this field") is almost identical to the usage in the text ("shortage of local labor").

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: it refers to the workforce/people who work.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the effort/work itself.
    *   Senses 3-7 are clearly incorrect.

    *   The target word "labor" in "do not attract local labor" refers to the pool of workers.
    *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" (synonyms: labour, working class). This matches the concept of a workforce.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled <t>ones</t> in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "one"
    *   Target surface form: "ones"
    *   Context: "...unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages... Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled <t>ones</t> in dynamic sectors..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `one%1:23:00::`: the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number.
        2.  `one%1:09:00::`: a single person or thing.

    *   The sentence is: "...Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled <t>ones</t> in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment."
    *   In this context, "ones" refers back to "immigrants".
    *   "the most highly skilled ones" = "the most highly skilled immigrants".
    *   "Immigrants" are people.

    *   Sense 1: Number/numeral. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A single person or thing (used as a pronoun to avoid repetition). (Correct)

    *   The word "ones" is the plural of "one" used as a pronoun referring to "immigrants".
    *   Sense 2 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sector
Target surface form: sectors
Context:
This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment. Fears about the impact of immigrants are based on the notion that they are liable to replace native workers, in particular unskilled ones, exerting downward pressure on wages. But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic <t>sectors</t> where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sector%1:25:00:: | definition=a plane figure bounded by two radii and the included arc of a circle
2. sense_key=sector%1:14:00:: | definition=a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector
3. sense_key=sector%1:09:00:: | definition=a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere | examples=he was helpless in an important sector of his life
4. sense_key=sector%1:23:00:: | definition=the minimum track length that can be assigned to store information; unless otherwise specified a sector of data consists of 512 bytes
5. sense_key=sector%1:15:00:: | definition=a portion of a military position
6. sense_key=sector%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument consisting of two graduated arms hinged at one end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sector`
    *   Target surface form: `sectors`
    *   Context: "...Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic <t>sectors</t> where training does is not linked to offers of employment."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Geometry (plane figure bounded by two radii).
        2.  Social group/economy (e.g., public sector).
        3.  Particular aspect of life or activity (sphere).
        4.  Computing (minimum track length for data).
        5.  Military (portion of a position).
        6.  Measuring instrument.

    *   The sentence discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, employment, and labor.
    *   It mentions "unskilled immigrants work in sectors" and "highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors".
    *   In this context, "sectors" refers to parts of the economy (e.g., agriculture, technology, healthcare).

    *   Sense 1: Geometry - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "a social group that forms part of the society or the economy | examples=the public sector" - This fits perfectly. Economic sectors (like the public sector, private sector, or specific industry sectors) are parts of the economy.
    *   Sense 3: "a particular aspect of life or activity | synonyms=sphere" - This is close, but Sense 2 specifically mentions "the economy," which is the primary focus of the text.
    *   Sense 4: Computing - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Military - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: Instrument - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 explicitly mentions "the economy" and gives "the public sector" as an example. The context is entirely about the economy, labor, and employment.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.