[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer."
    *   Structure: [Studying a tumor] (subject) + [made] (verb) + [possible] (adjective/complement) + [some fundamental insights] (object).
    *   Meaning: Studying the tumor *caused* the insights to be possible. It *enabled* or *created the condition* for the insights to occur.

    *   1: engage in (do) - No.
    *   2: give certain properties to something (get someone mad) - No.
    *   3: make or cause to be or to become (create a mess) - Possible.
    *   4: cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner (induce) - No.
    *   5: give rise to; cause to happen or occur (cause a commotion) - Possible.
    *   6: create or manufacture a man-made product - No.
    *   7: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (draw a conclusion) - No.
    *   8: compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way - No.
    *   9: create by artistic means - No.
    *   10: earn money - No.
    *   11: create or design - No.
    *   12: compose or represent (form, constitute) - No.
    *   13: reach a goal - No.
    *   14: be or be capable of being changed into - No.
    *   15: make by shaping - No.
    *   16: perform or carry out - No.
    *   17: make by combining materials - No.
    *   18: change from one form into another - No.
    *   19: act in a certain way so as to acquire - No.
    *   20: charge with a function - No.
    *   21: achieve a point or goal - No.
    *   22: reach a destination - No.
    *   23: institute, enact, or establish - No.
    *   24: carry out or commit - No.
    *   25: form by assembling - No.
    *   26: organize or be responsible for - No.
    *   27: put in order - No.
    *   28: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   29: bowel movement - No.
    *   30: undergo fabrication - No.
    *   31: be suitable for - No.
    *   32: add up to - No.
    *   33: amount to - No.
    *   34: constitute the essence of - No.
    *   35: appear to begin an activity - No.
    *   36: proceed along a path - No.
    *   37: reach in time - No.
    *   38: gather and light materials - No.
    *   39: prepare for eating - No.
    *   40: induce to have sex - No.
    *   41: assure the success of - No.
    *   42: represent fictitiously - No.
    *   43: consider as being - No.
    *   44: calculate as being - No.
    *   45: cause to be enjoyable (make my day) - No.
    *   46: favor the development of - No.
    *   47: develop into - No.
    *   48: behave in a certain way - No.
    *   49: eliminate urine - No.

    *   Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" (synonym: create). Example: "make a mess in one's office".
    *   Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" (synonyms: cause, do). Example: "cause a commotion".

    *   "made possible some fundamental insights"
    *   This is a common construction: "make [adjective] [object]".
    *   Does "made possible" mean "caused the insights to be possible" (Sense 3) or "gave rise to the insights" (Sense 5)?
    *   Sense 3: "cause to be or to become". If we apply this: "caused [the insights] to be [possible]". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 5: "cause to happen or occur". If we apply this: "caused [the insights] to happen". While similar, the "possible" part is an adjective describing the state of the insights.

    *   Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become"
    *   Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
    *   In "made possible some fundamental insights", the word "possible" is an object complement. The verb "make" here means "to cause to be [possible]". This aligns exactly with Sense 3 ("cause to be or to become").

    *   Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" -> "made [the insights] [possible]".
    *   Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" -> "made [the insights]". (The "possible" would be awkward here).

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 3 and Sense 5 again.
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" (Example: "make a mess").
    Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" (Example: "cause a commotion").

    Actually, "make possible" is a very specific usage. Let's look at other options.
    Is there a sense for "enable"?
    Sense 4: "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner" (induce, stimulate). No.
    Sense 8: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way". No.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If you "make something possible", you "cause it to be possible". This fits the definition "cause to be".

    Let's check Sense 5 again: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur".
    If you "make possible some insights", you are not necessarily causing the insights themselves to happen, but rather causing the *possibility* of the insights.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most accurate.

    *Self-Correction/Double Check:*
    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something". "Possible" is a property. "She made us look silly" (made [us] [silly]). "Studying the tumor made [the insights] [possible]". This is very similar to Sense 3.
    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3.
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" (synonym: get). Example: "get someone mad; She made us look silly".
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" (synonym: create). Example: "make a mess in one's office; create a furor".

    Wait, "make us look silly" (Sense 2) is very similar to "make insights possible".
    Let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 2: get.
    Sense 3: create.

    Actually, "make possible" is often categorized as "cause to be".
    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "make or cause to be or to become".
    If I "make a mess", I "cause a mess to be".
    If I "make something possible", I "cause it to be possible".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "give certain properties to something".
    If I "make someone mad", I "give them the property of being mad".
    If I "make something possible", I "give it the property of being possible".

    This is a tough distinction. Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 2: "get someone mad", "made us look silly".
    Sense 3: "make a mess", "create a furor".

    "Make a mess" and "create a furor" are more about bringing something into existence.
    "Get someone mad" and "made us look silly" are about changing a state or attributing a quality.

    "Make possible" is about changing the state of the insights from "impossible/unknown" to "possible".

    Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    "Cause to be possible" fits "cause to be".

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. "give rise to; cause to happen or occur".
    "Studying the tumor made possible some insights."
    This could be interpreted as "Studying the tumor caused some insights to occur."

    However, the word "possible" is explicitly there. "Made possible" is a unit.
    If the sentence was "Studying the tumor made some insights", Sense 5 would be better.
    But "made possible" means "enabled".

    Let's re-examine Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".
    This is the most general sense of "cause to be [adjective]".

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "give certain properties to something".
    Is "possible" a property? Yes.

    Let's compare "made us look silly" (Sense 2) and "made it possible" (Sense 3?).
    Actually, "made us look silly" is "made [object] [adjective]".
    "Made it possible" is "made [object] [adjective]".

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "create".
    Does "make possible" mean "create possible"? No.
    Does "make a mess" mean "create a mess"? Yes.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "get".
    Does "make possible" mean "get possible"? No.
    Does "make someone mad" mean "get someone mad"? Yes.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    "Cause to be possible". This is exactly what "make possible" means.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. "give rise to; cause to happen or occur".
    "Studying the tumor made possible some insights."
    If we treat "made possible" as a phrasal verb meaning "enabled", it's causing the insights to happen.

    Let's search for "make possible" in WordNet-like contexts.
    Usually, "make [object] [adjective]" is "cause to be".

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".
    Example: "make a mess in one's office". (Wait, "make a mess" is more like "create a mess").
    Example: "create a furor". (Again, "create").

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "give certain properties to something".
    Example: "get someone mad". (Cause someone to be mad).
    Example: "She made us look silly". (Cause us to be/look silly).

    "Make possible" is "cause [the insights] to be possible".
    This matches "get someone mad" (cause someone to be mad) and "made us look silly" (cause us to be silly) better than it matches "make a mess" (create a mess).

    Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    If I "make a mess", I "cause a mess to be".
    If I "make someone a doctor", I "cause them to become a doctor".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again. "give certain properties to something".
    "Mad" is a property. "Silly" is a property. "Possible" is a property.

    This is very subtle. Let's look at the senses one more time.
    Sense 2: give certain properties to something.
    Sense 3: make or cause to be or to become.

    In many WordNet versions, "make [object] [adjective]" (like "make it clear", "make it possible") is mapped to "cause to be".

    Let's look at Sense 3's definition: "make or cause to be or to become".
    This is a very broad definition. "Cause to be possible" fits perfectly.

    Let's look at Sense 2's definition: "give certain properties to something".
    This also fits.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 2: "get someone mad", "made us look silly".
    Sense 3: "make a mess", "create a furor".

    "Make a mess" and "create a furor" are about the *existence* of the mess/furor.
    "Get someone mad" and "made us look silly" are about the *state* of the person.
    "Make possible" is about the *state* of the insights (their possibility).

    Therefore, Sense 2 seems slightly closer in terms of the *type* of result (a state/property) than Sense 3 (the existence of a thing).

    *Wait!* Let me re-read Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    "Cause to be" is exactly what "make possible" is.
    "Cause [the insights] to be [possible]".

    Let me search for "make possible" in a dictionary.
    Merriam-Webster: "to cause to be possible".
    Oxford: "to enable".

    Now let's look at the senses again.
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something".

    If the definition of "make possible" is "cause to be possible", then Sense 3 ("cause to be") is a direct match.

    Let's double-check Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur".
    "Studying the tumor made possible some insights."
    This means the studying *caused* the insights to *be possible*. It didn't necessarily *cause* the insights themselves to *occur* (though it enabled them).

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 2 one more time.
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" (get someone mad).
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" (make a mess).

    Actually, "make a mess" is "cause a mess to be".
    "Make someone mad" is "cause someone to be mad".

    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 4: "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner". (No).
    Sense 8: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way". (No).

    Let's look at Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    This is the most general "cause to be" sense.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again. "give certain properties to something".
    This is also "cause to be [property]".

    Let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 2: get.
    Sense 3: create.

    "Make possible" is not "create possible".
    "Make possible" is not "get possible".

    Wait, "get someone mad" = "make someone mad".
    "Make possible" = "cause to be possible".

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "make a mess in one's office; create a furor".
    These are both "create [noun]".
    "Make a mess" (noun), "create a furor" (noun).

    Now let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "get someone mad" (adjective), "made us look silly" (adjective).
    "Make possible" (adjective).

    This suggests that Sense 2 is for "make [object] [adjective]" and Sense 3 is for "make [noun]".

    Let's test this hypothesis.
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" -> "make [object] [property/adjective]".
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" -> "make [noun]".

    If this is the case, "made possible" (where "possible" is an adjective) fits Sense 2.

    Let's re-verify.
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly.
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor.

    Yes, the examples for Sense 2 are "make [object] [adjective]", and the examples for Sense 3 are "make [noun]".

    "Made possible some fundamental insights" is "made [some fundamental insights] [possible]".
    This matches the pattern of Sense 2.

    Wait, let me double-check the word order.
    "made possible some fundamental insights"
    This is just a variation of "made some fundamental insights possible". (The object is moved to the end because it's long).

    So it's "made [object] [adjective]".
    This matches Sense 2.

    Let's just quickly check Sense 5 again.
    Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur" | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir.
    "Make a stir" is "make [noun]". "Cause a commotion" is "cause [noun]".
    This doesn't match "made [object] [adjective]".

    So, Sense 2 seems the most likely.

    *Wait!* Let me look at Sense 3 again. "make or cause to be or to become".
    Could "become" be the key? "Cause [the insights] to become [possible]".
    But the examples for Sense 3 are "make a mess" and "create a furor". Those are not "become".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again. "give certain properties to something".
    "Possible" is a property. "Mad" is a property. "Silly" is a property.

    This seems consistent.

    *One last check:*
    Is there any other sense?
    Sense 4: "cause to do". (No).
    Sense 8: "compel". (No).
    Sense 43: "consider as being". (No).

    Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 one more time.
    Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" (get someone mad, made us look silly).
    Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" (make a mess, create a furor).

    If I say "The news made me happy", that's Sense 2.
    If I say "The news made a difference", that's Sense 3 (or Sense 33).
    If I say "The news made it possible", that's Sense 2.

    Wait, "made it possible" is so common. Let me think if there's any other possibility.
    "Studying the tumor made possible some insights."
    This is "made [insights] [possible]".
    This is exactly the same structure as "made us [silly]".

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `possible`
    *   Target surface form: `possible`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `possible%3:00:00::` (capable of happening or existing)
        2.  `possible%3:00:04::` (existing in possibility; potential)

    *   The sentence is: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Here, "made possible" means that the study enabled the insights to happen or exist. It's about the *feasibility* or *capability* of the insights occurring because of the study.

    *   Sense 1: "capable of happening or existing" (e.g., "a breakthrough may be possible next year"). This fits the idea of enabling something to happen.
    *   Sense 2: "existing in possibility" / "potential" (e.g., "a potential problem"). This describes something that *might* be, rather than something that was *made* to be able to happen.

    *   "Made possible" is a common idiom meaning "enabled" or "allowed to happen."
    *   If we substitute Sense 1: "...made [capable of happening or existing] some fundamental insights..." (Fits well).
    *   If we substitute Sense 2: "...made [potential] some fundamental insights..." (Doesn't fit as well; "potential insights" is a thing, but "made potential" is not the standard way to say "enabled").

    *   Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "made possible" (enabled).

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: insight
Target surface form: insights
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=insight%1:09:02:: | definition=clear or deep perception of a situation | synonyms=penetration
2. sense_key=insight%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of understanding | synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity
3. sense_key=insight%1:09:01:: | definition=the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation | synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave
4. sense_key=insight%1:09:00:: | definition=grasping the inner nature of things intuitively | synonyms=sixth sense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `insight`
    *   Target surface form: `insights`
    *   Context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `insight%1:09:02::`: clear or deep perception of a situation (synonym: penetration)
        2.  `insight%1:12:00::`: a feeling of understanding (synonyms: perceptiveness, perceptivity)
        3.  `insight%1:09:01::`: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation (synonyms: brainstorm, brainwave)
        4.  `insight%1:09:00::`: grasping the inner nature of things intuitively (synonyms: sixth sense)

    *   The context is scientific research.
    *   "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer"
    *   This refers to deep understandings or perceptions gained through study and research.

    *   Sense 1: "clear or deep perception of a situation" (penetration). This fits well with scientific discovery/understanding of a mechanism.
    *   Sense 2: "a feeling of understanding" (perceptiveness). This is more about a trait or a subjective feeling, not a scientific finding.
    *   Sense 3: "the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation" (brainstorm, brainwave). This implies a sudden "aha!" moment, whereas scientific "insights" in this context usually refer to the resulting knowledge or deep understanding.
    *   Sense 4: "grasping the inner nature of things intuitively" (sixth sense). This is about intuition, not empirical research.

    *   Sense 1 (deep perception/penetration) is the most appropriate for "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer." It describes the depth of understanding achieved.
    *   Sense 3 is often used for a sudden realization, but "fundamental insights" in a scientific context usually refers to the deep understanding itself (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: clear or deep perception of a situation.
    *   Sense 3: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation.
    *   In the sentence "made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," the word "insights" refers to the deep understandings gained. While Sense 3 mentions "complex situation," the synonyms "brainstorm" and "brainwave" strongly suggest a sudden epiphany rather than a body of scientific understanding. Sense 1's "deep perception" is a better fit for scientific knowledge.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: clear or deep perception of a situation.
    *   Sense 3: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "insight" as a scientific discovery or deep understanding is mapped to the "deep perception" sense.

    *   Sense 1: deep perception of a situation.
    *   Sense 3: sudden understanding (brainwave).
    *   The context "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" describes the *result* of the study, not a sudden flash of inspiration. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "basic"
    *   Context: "...fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer..."
    *   Surrounding context: "fundamental insights", "workings of cancer", "basic research".

    *   Sense 1: `pertaining to or constituting a base or basis` (e.g., a basic fact; the basic ingredients). This refers to the fundamental, essential, or underlying nature of something.
    *   Sense 2: `reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality` (e.g., a basic story line). This is more about simplification or canonical forms.
    *   Sense 3: `serving as a base or starting point` (e.g., a basic course in Russian; basic training). This refers to introductory or elementary levels.
    *   Sense 4: `of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base` (alkaline). This is a chemistry term.

    *   The phrase is "the most basic workings of cancer".
    *   It is paired with "fundamental insights".
    *   It refers to the underlying mechanisms or essential principles of how cancer works.
    *   Sense 1 ("pertaining to or constituting a base or basis") fits best here, as it describes the fundamental/essential nature.
    *   Sense 2 is about simplification/canonicity, which doesn't fit "workings of cancer".
    *   Sense 3 is about introductory levels (like a basic course), which doesn't fit "workings of cancer".
    *   Sense 4 is chemical (alkaline), which is irrelevant.

    *   "Basic research" (mentioned later in the text) also aligns with Sense 1 (fundamental research).
    *   "Basic workings" = fundamental/essential mechanisms.

    *   Sense 1: pertaining to or constituting a base or basis. (Correct)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of <t>cancer</t>, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A text discussing the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, genetic probes, the risk of developing "the rare cancer," the National Cancer Institute, and "the most basic workings of <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: a small zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: the fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context mentions "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene," "malignant growth," "National Cancer Institute," and "treatment."
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition (malignant neoplastic disease).

    *   Sense 1: malignant growth or tumor (Medical) - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (Person) - No.
    *   Sense 3: Astronomy (Constellation) - No.
    *   Sense 4: Astrology (Zodiac sign) - No.
    *   Sense 5: Biology (Genus of crabs) - No.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "<t>says</t> Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: "...'It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer,' <t>says</t> Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute."
    *   The word "says" is used here to attribute a direct quote to a person (Samuel Broder).

    *   Sense 1: `express in words` (synonyms: state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her."
    *   Sense 2: `report or maintain` (synonyms: allege, aver). Example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime."
    *   Sense 3: `express a supposition` (synonyms: suppose). Example: "Let us say that he did not tell the truth."
    *   Sense 4: `have or contain a certain wording or form` (synonyms: read). Example: "What does the law say?"
    *   Sense 5: `give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority` (synonyms: order, tell). Example: "I said to him to go home."
    *   Sense 6: `speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way` (synonyms: pronounce, articulate). Example: "She pronounces French words in a funny way."
    *   Sense 7: `communicate or express nonverbally`. Example: "What does this painting say?"
    *   Sense 8: `utter aloud`. Example: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office."
    *   Sense 9: `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare`. Example: "I say let's forget this whole business."
    *   Sense 10: `recite or repeat a fixed text`. Example: "Say grace."
    *   Sense 11: `indicate`. Example: "The clock says noon."

    *   The context is a direct quote attribution: "...'It turns out that...', says Samuel Broder..."
    *   This is the most basic use of "say" meaning to express something in words.
    *   Sense 1 (`express in words`) is the general sense for stating something.
    *   Sense 2 (`report or maintain`) implies a level of allegation or claim that might be disputed.
    *   Sense 8 (`utter aloud`) focuses on the physical act of speaking a specific word or phrase.
    *   Sense 9 (`state as one's opinion or judgement`) is more about making a proposal or a strong declaration.

    *   In journalistic writing, "says" used for attribution is typically the general sense of expressing something in words.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8: Sense 1 is "express in words" (state, tell), while Sense 8 is "utter aloud". The quote is a complex statement of fact/insight, making "express in words" (Sense 1) a better fit than simply "uttering aloud" (Sense 8).

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell).
    *   Context: "...says Samuel Broder..." (Samuel Broder stated/expressed in words).
    *   This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: director
Target surface form: director
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, <t>director</t> of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=director%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=manager, managing director
2. sense_key=director%1:18:03:: | definition=member of a board of directors
3. sense_key=director%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show | synonyms=theater director, theatre director
4. sense_key=director%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who directs the making of a film | synonyms=film director
5. sense_key=director%1:18:01:: | definition=the person who leads a musical group | synonyms=conductor, music director

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `director`
    *   Target surface form: `director`
    *   Context: "...says Samuel Broder, <t>director</t> of the National Cancer Institute."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `director%1:18:00`: someone who controls resources and expenditures (manager, managing director)
        2.  `director%1:18:03`: member of a board of directors
        3.  `director%1:18:02`: someone who supervises actors/action in a show (theater director)
        4.  `director%1:18:04`: person who directs the making of a film (film director)
        5.  `director%1:18:01`: person who leads a musical group (conductor)

    *   The context is "director of the National Cancer Institute".
    *   The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is a government agency/research organization.
    *   The person (Samuel Broder) is the head/leader of this organization.

    *   Sense 1: "someone who controls resources and expenditures" (manager, managing director). This fits the role of the head of an institute.
    *   Sense 2: "member of a board of directors". This usually refers to one of several people on a board, not the sole head of the institute.
    *   Sense 3: Theater director. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Film director. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Music director/conductor. (Incorrect)

    *   The "director of [an organization/institute]" is the person in charge of managing it. Sense 1 (manager, managing director) is the most appropriate fit among the provided options, as it describes the administrative/leadership role.

    *   Sense 1: `director%1:18:00` (manager)
    *   Sense 2: `director%1:18:03` (board member)
    *   Sense 3: `director%1:18:02` (theater)
    *   Sense 4: `director%1:18:04` (film)
    *   Sense 5: `director%1:18:01` (music)

    The head of the National Cancer Institute is the manager/leader of the organization. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the <t>public</t>, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%1:14:00:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, world | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
2. sense_key=public%1:14:01:: | definition=a body of people sharing some common interest | examples=the reading public

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `public`
    *   Target surface form: `public`
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the <t>public</t>, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `public%1:14:00::`: people in general considered as a whole (synonyms: populace, world)
        2.  `public%1:14:01::`: a body of people sharing some common interest (example: the reading public)

    *   The sentence says: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   The "public" here refers to the general population, the people at large, as opposed to the scientists/experts mentioned earlier in the text.
    *   It doesn't refer to a specific group sharing a particular interest (like "the reading public" or "the sporting public"), but rather the general populace.

    *   Sense 1: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, world). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a body of people sharing some common interest". While the public *is* concerned about treatment, the primary meaning here is the general population, not a specific interest group.

    *   The context contrasts the knowledge of scientists/experts with the knowledge of the general population.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concerned
Target surface form: concerned
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concerned%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing worry or solicitude | examples=concerned parents of youthful offenders; was concerned about the future
2. sense_key=concerned%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in | synonyms=interested | examples=a memorandum to those concerned; an enterprise in which three men are concerned
3. sense_key=concerned%5:00:01:involved:00 | definition=culpably involved | synonyms=implicated | examples=all those concerned in the bribery case have been identified; named three officials implicated in the plot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `concerned`
    *   Target surface form: `concerned`
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `feeling or showing worry or solicitude` (e.g., "concerned parents", "concerned about the future")
        2.  `involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in` (synonym: "interested")
        3.  `culpably involved` (synonym: "implicated")

    *   The sentence says: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   The public is "concerned about advances in treatment."
    *   Does this mean the public is *worried* about advances? Or *interested/involved/affected* by them? Or *culpably involved* in them?
    *   In this context, "concerned about" usually means they are worried about whether advances are happening or they are anxious to see them. However, looking at the contrast ("All this may not be obvious to the public... but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon"), the public is focused on/worried about the actual treatment (the end result) rather than the basic research.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "feeling or showing worry or solicitude". Example: "was concerned about the future".
        *   Sense 2: "involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in". Synonym: "interested".
    *   If the public is "concerned about advances in treatment," they are likely worried about the lack of them or anxious for them to happen. This fits "solicitude" or "worry" (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, "interested in" (Sense 2) could also fit, but "concerned about" is a very common idiom for worry/anxiety.
    *   Let's look at the contrast again: "All this [basic research] may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment..."
    *   The public cares about the treatment. They are anxious/worried about getting treatment.
    *   Comparing "concerned about" (Sense 1) and "concerned with/in" (Sense 2).
    *   Usually, "concerned about" = worried. "Concerned with" = involved/interested.
    *   The text says "concerned about".

    *   Sense 1: "feeling or showing worry or solicitude" -> "concerned about the future".
    *   Sense 2: "involved in or affected by" -> "those concerned".
    *   Sense 3: "culpably involved" -> "implicated".

    The phrase "concerned about advances in treatment" strongly aligns with Sense 1 (worry/solicitude/anxiety/strong interest due to worry).

    *   Is the public "involved in" advances in treatment? Not really.
    *   Is the public "culpably involved"? No.
    *   Is the public "feeling worry or solicitude" regarding advances in treatment? Yes, they are anxious for results.

    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advances
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `advance`
    *   Target surface form: `advances`
    *   Context: "...the public, which is concerned about <t>advances</t> in treatment..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic probes, cancer research, discovering genes that control cell growth, and basic research leading to results in treatment.

    *   Sense 1: `advance%1:11:00::` - a movement forward (e.g., troops). (Physical movement)
    *   Sense 2: `advance%1:11:01::` - a change for the better; progress in development (e.g., improvement, betterment). (Developmental/Scientific progress)
    *   Sense 3: `advance%1:10:00::` - a tentative suggestion designed to elicit reactions (e.g., romantic overture). (Social approach)
    *   Sense 4: `advance%1:04:00::` - the act of moving forward (as toward a goal). (General progress/motion)
    *   Sense 5: `advance%1:21:00::` - an amount paid before it is earned. (Financial)
    *   Sense 6: `advance%1:04:01::` - increase in price or value. (Financial/Market)

    *   The context is "advances in treatment" (referring to cancer treatment).
    *   This refers to scientific progress, improvements, or breakthroughs in medical treatment.
    *   Sense 2 ("a change for the better; progress in development") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 and 4 are more about physical movement or the general act of moving forward.
    *   Sense 3, 5, and 6 are completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development" (synonyms: improvement, betterment).
    *   "Advances in treatment" = "Improvements in treatment" or "Progress in the development of treatment."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "treatment"
    *   Context: "...All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in <t>treatment</t>, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic probes, retinoblastoma suppressor genes, cancer study, and the National Cancer Institute. The focus is on medical research and cancer.

    *   Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" (Synonym: intervention)
    *   Sense 2: "the management of someone or something" (Synonym: handling)
    *   Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically"
    *   Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" (Synonym: discussion, discourse)

    *   The context is explicitly about cancer, genetic research, and the National Cancer Institute.
    *   "Advances in treatment" in the context of cancer refers to medical procedures or applications intended to relieve the illness.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `basic`
    *   Target surface form: `basic`
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this <t>basic</t> research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic probes, cancer-suppressor genes, and "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer." The speaker (Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute) is contrasting "advances in treatment" (applied research) with "basic research" (fundamental research).

    *   Sense 1: `pertaining to or constituting a base or basis` (e.g., a basic fact; the basic ingredients).
    *   Sense 2: `reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality` (e.g., a basic story line).
    *   Sense 3: `serving as a base or starting point` (e.g., a basic course in Russian; basic training).
    *   Sense 4: `of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base` (alkaline).

    *   "Basic research" is a standard term in science. It refers to research that is conducted to expand knowledge (fundamental research) rather than to solve a specific immediate problem (applied research).
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "pertaining to or constituting a base or basis". This fits the idea of "fundamental" or "foundational" research.
        *   Sense 2: "reduced to the simplest and most significant form". This doesn't fit "basic research".
        *   Sense 3: "serving as a base or starting point" (introductory). This usually refers to education or training (basic course, basic training). While research can be a starting point, "basic research" as a category of science is more about the *nature* of the knowledge (foundational/fundamental) than being an "introductory" step.
        *   Sense 4: "alkaline". Definitely not.

    *   Sense 1: "pertaining to or constituting a base or basis". Examples: "a basic fact".
    *   Sense 3: "serving as a base or starting point". Examples: "a basic course in Russian".
    *   In the context of "basic research", it means research into the fundamental principles (the basis) of a subject.
    *   Comparing "basic fact" (Sense 1) and "basic course" (Sense 3), "basic research" aligns much more closely with "basic fact" (fundamental/foundational) than with "basic course" (introductory).

    *   The text explicitly mentions "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" just before mentioning "basic research". "Fundamental" is a strong synonym for Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: pertaining to or constituting a base or basis. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: simplest form. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: introductory. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: alkaline. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: begin
Target surface form: begin
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=begin%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, get, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=begin%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=start | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
3. sense_key=begin%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=lead off, start, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
4. sense_key=begin%2:32:03:: | definition=begin to speak or say;  he began | examples=Now listen, friends,
5. sense_key=begin%2:42:02:: | definition=be the first item or point, constitute the beginning or start, come first in a series | examples=The number `one' begins the sequence; A terrible murder begins the novel
6. sense_key=begin%2:42:04:: | definition=have a beginning, of a temporal event | examples=WW II began in 1939 when Hitler marched into Poland; The company's Asia tour begins next month
7. sense_key=begin%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=start | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
8. sense_key=begin%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=start | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
9. sense_key=begin%2:41:00:: | definition=achieve or accomplish in the least degree, usually used in the negative | examples=This economic measure doesn't even begin to deal with the problem of inflation; You cannot even begin to understand the problem we had to deal with during the war
10. sense_key=begin%2:32:04:: | definition=begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language | examples=She began Russian at an early age; We started French in fourth grade

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `begin`
    *   Target surface form: `begin`
    *   Context: "...but I am convinced this basic research will <t>begin</t> showing results there soon."

    *   Sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action (e.g., "We began working at dawn").
    *   Sense 2: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense (e.g., "The DMZ begins right over the hill").
    *   Sense 3: set in motion, cause to start (e.g., "The U.S. started a war").
    *   Sense 4: begin to speak or say.
    *   Sense 5: be the first item or point (e.g., "The number 'one' begins the sequence").
    *   Sense 6: have a beginning, of a temporal event (e.g., "WW II began in 1939").
    *   Sense 7: have a beginning characterized in some specified way (e.g., "The novel begins with a murder").
    *   Sense 8: begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object (e.g., "begin a cigar").
    *   Sense 9: achieve or accomplish in the least degree (usually negative) (e.g., "doesn't even begin to deal with").
    *   Sense 10: begin to speak, understand, read, and write a language.

    *   The sentence is: "...this basic research will begin showing results there soon."
    *   Here, "begin" is used as an auxiliary-like verb (aspectual verb) indicating the start of a process ("showing results").
    *   The research is the subject. The action is "showing results".
    *   Does it mean "take the first step" (Sense 1)? Yes, the research will start the process of showing results.
    *   Does it mean "set in motion" (Sense 3)? No, the research isn't causing something else to start; it is the thing that will start showing results.
    *   Does it mean "have a beginning" (Sense 2, 6, 7)? No, it's not describing the boundary or the start date of the research itself, but the start of the *action* of showing results.
    *   Sense 1 ("take the first step or steps in carrying out an action") fits best for "begin [doing something]".

    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" (Example: "We began working at dawn").
    *   In the context "research will begin showing results", "showing results" is the action being carried out.

    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" -> "research will begin showing results". (Fits well).
    *   Sense 3: "set in motion, cause to start" -> "research will begin showing results". (Less likely, as the research isn't causing the results to start, it *is* the process that starts showing them).
    *   Sense 6: "have a beginning, of a temporal event" -> "research will begin showing results". (This usually refers to the event itself starting, e.g., "The show begins at 8").

    *   "begin showing results" is a classic usage of "begin" meaning to start doing something. Sense 1 is the most general sense for starting an action.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showing
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `showing`
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin <t>showing</t> results there soon."
    *   Meaning: The research will start to produce or manifest results.

    *   Sense 1: give an exhibition (demo, exhibit) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: establish validity (prove, demonstrate) - Close, but "showing results" usually means producing them.
    *   Sense 3: provide evidence for (testify, bear witness) - Close, but "showing results" is more about manifestation.
    *   Sense 4: make visible or noticeable - "Showing results" means the results are becoming visible/noticeable.
    *   Sense 5: show in a picture (depict) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: give expression to (express, evince) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: indicate a place/direction (point) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: be or become visible or noticeable (show up) - "His good upbringing really shows." This fits the idea of results becoming apparent.
    *   Sense 9: indicate a reading (gauge) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 10: give evidence of (records) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 11: usher to seats - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 12: finish third or better in a race - Not applicable.

    *   "Showing results" in the context of research usually means the research is starting to produce outcomes that are observable.
    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable" (transitive). "Research will begin showing results." (Research makes results visible).
    *   Sense 8: "be or become visible or noticeable" (intransitive). "The dirty side will show."
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". "Showing results" can mean proving the research works.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "Showing results" provides evidence that the research is working.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." This is very similar to "showing results".

    *   "Showing results" is a common idiom. Does it mean "producing results that are visible" or "proving something"?
    *   In "this basic research will begin showing results there soon", it means the research will start to yield observable outcomes.
    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking." (Her talent became visible through her actions).
    *   Sense 8: "be or become visible or noticeable". Example: "His good upbringing really shows." (The upbringing is visible).
    *   In "research will begin showing results", "research" is the subject and "results" is the object. This makes it transitive.
    *   Sense 4 is transitive. Sense 8 is intransitive.
    *   Therefore, Sense 4 is a better fit than Sense 8.

    *   Sense 2: "establish the validity of something".
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   If research "shows results", it makes the results visible/noticeable. It doesn't necessarily "prove" a specific hypothesis yet, but the results themselves become apparent.

    *   "Showing results" $\approx$ "producing results that can be seen".
    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking."
    *   This matches the structure and meaning well.

    *   Sense 2: "establish the validity of something". (e.g., "The experiment showed that...")
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for". (e.g., "The blood test showed that...")
    *   In the sentence "this basic research will begin showing results", the "results" are the object. In Senses 2 and 3, the object is usually a clause (that...) or a fact.
    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Object: "results". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable".
    *   Context: "research will begin showing results".
    *   The research makes the results visible.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `result`
    *   Target surface form: `results`
    *   Context: "...I am convinced this basic research will begin showing <t>results</t> there soon."
    *   Meaning: The speaker is talking about basic research leading to practical outcomes or effects in the field of cancer treatment.

    *   Sense 1: `a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon` (consequence, effect, outcome).
    *   Sense 2: `a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem` (solution, answer).
    *   Sense 3: `something that results` (resultant, final result, outcome).
    *   Sense 4: `the semantic role of the noun phrase...` (linguistic term).

    *   The context is "basic research will begin showing results there [in treatment]".
    *   "Results" here refers to the outcomes, effects, or tangible findings/successes derived from the research.
    *   Sense 1 (consequence, effect, outcome) fits well.
    *   Sense 2 (solution, answer) is possible, but "showing results" is a common idiom for demonstrating effectiveness or outcomes.
    *   Sense 3 (something that results, final result) is very similar to Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (consequence, effect, outcome).
    *   Sense 3: "something that results" (resultant, final result, outcome).
    *   In the phrase "showing results," it usually means demonstrating that the effort is producing the desired effect or outcome.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "the magnetic effect was greater...", "his decision had depressing consequences..."
        *   Sense 3: "he listened for the results on the radio" (like election results or test results).
    *   In the context of research "showing results," it's more about the *effects* or *outcomes* (Sense 1) than a specific "final result" like a score or a test outcome (Sense 3). However, "showing results" often refers to the evidence of success.

    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome.
    *   Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome.
    *   "Showing results" in research usually means the research is starting to have a positive effect or produce useful outcomes.
    *   If I say "The diet is showing results," I mean it's having the desired effect (Sense 1).
    *   If I say "The test results are in," I mean the final outcome of the test (Sense 3).
    *   In "this basic research will begin showing results there [in treatment]," it means the research will start to have a positive effect on treatment.

    *   Sense 1: phenomenon caused by previous phenomenon. (Research -> Results in treatment).
    *   Sense 3: something that results. (The specific outcome).
    *   Usually, "showing results" aligns with "producing an effect."

    *   Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome.
    *   Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome.
    *   The distinction in WordNet between these can be subtle. Sense 1 is often the *causal* link (effect), while Sense 3 is the *end product* (outcome).
    *   "Showing results" in the context of research leading to treatment improvements is about the *effect* the research has on the field.

    *   Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon"
    *   Sense 3: "something that results"
    *   Actually, looking at common usage, "showing results" (like "the medicine is showing results") is almost always Sense 1 (effect/consequence).

    *   Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome.
    *   Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "he listened for the results on the radio" (election results).
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the magnetic effect was greater..."
    *   The context "showing results there [in treatment]" is closer to "having an effect" than "waiting for a score/final tally."

    *   Sense 1: result%1:19:00::
    *   Sense 2: result%1:10:00::
    *   Sense 3: result%1:11:00::
    *   Sense 4: result%1:10:01::

    *   Wait, let me double-check the sense indices provided in the prompt.
    *   1: result%1:19:00::
    *   2: result%1:10:00::
    *   3: result%1:11:00::
    *   4: result%1:10:01::

    *   The phrase "showing results" in "this basic research will begin showing results there soon" means the research will start to produce positive effects or outcomes in the area of treatment. This matches Sense 1 (consequence, effect, outcome).

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again: "something that results" (resultant, final result, outcome).
    *   If the research "shows results," it means it produces "outcomes."
    *   Is "showing results" more like "producing an effect" (Sense 1) or "producing a result" (Sense 3)?
    *   In many contexts, "results" (plural) in research refers to the findings (Sense 3). "The results of the study showed..."
    *   But "showing results" (as in "the treatment is showing results") means it's working (Sense 1).
    *   Context: "...this basic research will begin showing results there [in treatment] soon."
    *   This means the research will start to *have an effect* on treatment.

    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The research results were surprising." (Sense 3 - findings)
        *   "The research is finally showing results." (Sense 1 - effect/success)

    *   The sentence "I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon" is the latter. It means the research will start to be effective or produce positive consequences for treatment.

    *   Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome.
    *   Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome.
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one, Sense 1's "effect" and "consequence" fit the "showing results" (working/effective) meaning better than Sense 3's "final result" (like a test score).

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 3: "something that results". This is very broad.
    *   Let me re-read Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon".
    *   "Showing results" = producing effects.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms again.
    *   Sense 1: consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot.
    *   Sense 3: resultant, final result, outcome, termination.
    *   "Outcome" is in both. "Effect" is only in Sense 1.
    *   "Showing results" in the sense of "working" is definitely "showing effects."

    *   Sense 1: result%1:19:00::
    *   Sense 2: result%1:10:00::
    *   Sense 3: result%1:11:00::
    *   Sense 4: result%1:10:01::
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.