[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conduct
Target surface form: conducting
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states <t>conducting</t> a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conduct%2:41:00:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=carry on, deal | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
2. sense_key=conduct%2:36:00:: | definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=lead, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
3. sense_key=conduct%2:41:01:: | definition=behave in a certain manner | synonyms=behave, acquit, bear, deport, comport, carry | examples=She carried herself well; he bore himself with dignity
4. sense_key=conduct%2:38:01:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, take, direct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
5. sense_key=conduct%2:38:00:: | definition=transmit or serve as the medium for transmission | synonyms=impart, transmit, convey, carry, channel | examples=Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound
6. sense_key=conduct%2:36:04:: | definition=lead musicians in the performance of | examples=Bernstein conducted Mahler like no other conductor; she cannot conduct modern pieces

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `conduct`
    *   Target surface form: `conducting`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states <t>conducting</t> a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

    *   The phrase is "states conducting a Senate election".
    *   In this context, "conducting" means organizing, managing, carrying out, or administering the process of an election.

    *   Sense 1: `direct the course of; manage or control` (synonyms: carry on, deal; example: "You cannot conduct business like this").
    *   Sense 2: `lead, as in the performance of a composition` (synonyms: lead, direct; example: "conduct an orchestra").
    *   Sense 3: `behave in a certain manner` (synonyms: behave, acquit, bear, deport, comport, carry).
    *   Sense 4: `take somebody somewhere` (synonyms: lead, take, direct, guide).
    *   Sense 5: `transmit or serve as the medium for transmission` (synonyms: impart, transmit, convey, carry, channel).
    *   Sense 6: `lead musicians in the performance of`.

    *   Sense 1 ("direct the course of; manage or control") fits perfectly. Conducting an election is managing or carrying out the process of the election.
    *   Sense 2 and 6 are about music.
    *   Sense 3 is about behavior.
    *   Sense 4 is about guiding someone.
    *   Sense 5 is about transmission (electricity, sound).

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the meaning of "carrying out" or "managing" a process like an election.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate <t>election</t> turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `election`
    *   Target surface form: `election`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate <t>election</t> turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `election%1:04:01::`: a vote to select the winner of a position or political office.
        2.  `election%1:04:00::`: the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice.
        3.  `election%1:26:00::`: the status or fact of being elected.
        4.  `election%1:09:00::`: the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy.

    *   The sentence mentions "popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election".
    *   This clearly refers to the process of voting to choose a senator.

    *   Sense 1: "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice" - Too general.
    *   Sense 3: "the status or fact of being elected" - This refers to the result/state of having won, not the event of voting.
    *   Sense 4: "the predestination of some individuals..." - Theological meaning, completely irrelevant.

    *   The context "conducting a Senate election" refers to the event/process of voting for a political office. This matches Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_out
Target surface form: turns out
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election <t>turns out</t> to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
2. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:01:: | definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
3. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:01:: | definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
4. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:02:: | definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
5. sense_key=turn_out%2:30:00:: | definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
6. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:00:: | definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
7. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:00:: | definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
8. sense_key=turn_out%2:41:03:: | definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
9. sense_key=turn_out%2:40:03:: | definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
10. sense_key=turn_out%2:38:00:: | definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
11. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
12. sense_key=turn_out%2:29:00:: | definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `turn_out`
    *   Target surface form: `turns out`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election <t>turns out</t> to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."

    *   The sentence is discussing a statistical finding or a result of an analysis.
    *   "the difference... turns out to be a positive function of..."
    *   This means the analysis *shows* or *reveals* that the difference is a positive function.

    *   Sense 1: `be shown or be found to be` (synonyms: prove, turn up; example: "She proved to be right")
    *   Sense 2: `prove to be in the result or end` (example: "It turns out that he was right")
    *   Sense 3: `produce quickly or regularly` (machinery)
    *   Sense 4: `result or end` (example: "How will the game turn out?")
    *   Sense 5: `come, usually in answer to an invitation`
    *   Sense 6: `bring forth` (bear)
    *   Sense 7: `put out or expel`
    *   Sense 8: `come and gather for a public event`
    *   Sense 9: `outfit or equip`
    *   Sense 10: `turn outward`
    *   Sense 11: `cause to stop operating`
    *   Sense 12: `get up and out of bed`

    *   The context is "the difference... turns out to be a positive function...".
    *   This matches "be shown or be found to be" (Sense 1) or "prove to be in the result or end" (Sense 2).
    *   Let's look closer at Sense 1 vs. Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: `be shown or be found to be` (Example: "She proved to be right").
        *   Sense 2: `prove to be in the result or end` (Example: "It turns out that he was right").
    *   In the context, the author is presenting evidence from data. "The difference... turns out to be a positive function..." is essentially saying "The difference is found to be a positive function..." or "The difference proves to be a positive function...".
    *   Sense 1's definition "be shown or be found to be" fits perfectly with the presentation of empirical results.
    *   Sense 2's definition "prove to be in the result or end" often refers to a surprising conclusion or a final outcome of a situation (e.g., "It turns out that he was right all along").
    *   Comparing the two:
        *   Sense 1: "The difference... turns out to be [found to be] a positive function..."
        *   Sense 2: "It turns out that [the result is] the difference is a positive function..."
    *   The structure "X turns out to be Y" is very common for Sense 1 ("She proved to be right").
    *   The structure "It turns out that X" is very common for Sense 2 ("It turns out that he was right").
    *   In the target sentence, the structure is "the difference... turns out to be a positive function", which matches the structure of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: `be shown or be found to be` (Example: "She proved to be right")
    *   Context: "the difference... turns out to be a positive function..."
    *   This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: positive
Target surface form: positive
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a <t>positive</t> function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=positive%3:00:01:: | definition=characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc. | examples=a positive attitude; the reviews were all positive
2. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:certain:02 | definition=persuaded of; very sure | synonyms=convinced, confident | examples=were convinced that it would be to their advantage to join; I am positive he is lying
3. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=involving advantage or good | synonyms=plus | examples=a plus (or positive) factor
4. sense_key=positive%3:00:04:: | definition=indicating existence or presence of a suspected condition or pathogen | synonyms=confirming | examples=a positive pregnancy test
5. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:formal:01 | definition=formally laid down or imposed | synonyms=prescribed | examples=positive laws
6. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:undeniable:00 | definition=impossible to deny or disprove | synonyms=incontrovertible, irrefutable | examples=incontrovertible proof of the defendant's innocence; proof positive
7. sense_key=positive%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to positivism | synonyms=positivist, positivistic | examples=positivist thinkers; positivist doctrine
8. sense_key=positive%3:00:05:: | definition=reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion | examples=positive increase in graduating students
9. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:plus:00 | definition=greater than zero | examples=positive numbers
10. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:charged:00 | definition=having a positive charge | synonyms=electropositive, positively charged | examples=protons are positive
11. sense_key=positive%5:00:00:confident:00 | definition=marked by excessive confidence | synonyms=cocksure, overconfident | examples=an arrogant and cocksure materialist; so overconfident and impudent as to speak to the queen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "positive"
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a <t>positive</t> function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."
    *   Meaning: In mathematics and statistics, a "positive function" (or more accurately, a positive relationship/correlation) means that as one variable increases, the other also increases.

    *   Sense 1: Affirmation/acceptance (e.g., positive attitude).
    *   Sense 2: Persuaded/sure (e.g., I am positive).
    *   Sense 3: Advantageous/good (e.g., a plus factor).
    *   Sense 4: Indicating existence of a condition (e.g., positive pregnancy test).
    *   Sense 5: Formally laid down (e.g., positive laws).
    *   Sense 6: Undeniable (e.g., proof positive).
    *   Sense 7: Relating to positivism.
    *   Sense 8: Reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion (e.g., positive increase).
    *   Sense 9: Greater than zero (e.g., positive numbers).
    *   Sense 10: Positive charge (physics).
    *   Sense 11: Excessive confidence.

    *   The phrase "positive function of [variable]" describes a relationship where the dependent variable increases as the independent variable increases.
    *   Sense 8: "reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion". This fits the mathematical/statistical concept of a positive relationship (increase in X leads to increase in Y).
    *   Sense 9: "greater than zero". While a positive function's *value* might be greater than zero, the term "positive function" in this context usually refers to the *slope* or the *direction* of the relationship (positive correlation). However, let's look closer at Sense 8.
    *   Comparing Sense 8 and Sense 9:
        *   Sense 8: "tending in the direction... to indicate increase". This describes the *nature* of the relationship (positive correlation).
        *   Sense 9: "greater than zero". This describes a *value*.
    *   In the context "a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is", it means as the tax burden increases, the difference in votes also increases. This is a description of the direction of change.

    *   Sense 8 specifically mentions "tending in the direction... to indicate increase". This is the standard definition for a positive relationship/correlation in a functional context.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 8: "reckoned, situated or tending in the direction which naturally or arbitrarily is taken to indicate increase or progress or onward motion".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 9: "greater than zero".
    *   In "positive function", "positive" modifies the function. A positive function (in a general sense) is one where the output is positive, but in the context of "a function of [variable]", it almost always means a positive correlation (as X increases, Y increases).
    *   Let's check if "positive function" is a standard term for "positive correlation". Yes, in economics and social sciences, saying "Y is a positive function of X" means Y increases as X increases.
    *   Does Sense 8 cover this? "tending in the direction... to indicate increase". Yes.
    *   Does Sense 9 cover this? "greater than zero". No, that would mean the result is always above zero, not that it increases with the variable.

    *   Sense 8 is the best fit for a positive relationship/correlation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: function
Target surface form: function
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive <t>function</t> of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=function%1:24:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function) | synonyms=mathematical function, single-valued function, map, mapping
2. sense_key=function%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=purpose, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=function%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=office, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=function%1:24:01:: | definition=a relation such that one thing is dependent on another | examples=height is a function of age; price is a function of supply and demand
5. sense_key=function%1:14:00:: | definition=a formal or official social gathering or ceremony | examples=it was a black-tie function
6. sense_key=function%1:11:00:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, occasion, social occasion, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
7. sense_key=function%1:10:00:: | definition=a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program | synonyms=routine, subroutine, subprogram, procedure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `function`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive <t>function</t> of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state..."
    *   Meaning: The sentence describes a relationship where one variable (the difference in votes) depends on another variable (the tax burden).

    *   Sense 1: (mathematics) a mathematical relation... (Too technical/formal, though related).
    *   Sense 2: what something is used for (purpose, role). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: actions and activities assigned to a person/group (office, role). (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: a relation such that one thing is dependent on another (Example: "height is a function of age"). (Matches perfectly).
    *   Sense 5: formal social gathering. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: vaguely specified social event. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 7: computer program routine. (Incorrect).

    *   The context "the difference... turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is" describes a dependency relationship between two variables.
    *   This aligns exactly with Sense 4: "a relation such that one thing is dependent on another".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax <t>burden</t> is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `burden`
    *   Target surface form: `burden`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax <t>burden</t> is per state..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `burden%1:09:01::`: an onerous or difficult concern (load, encumbrance, onus). Example: "the burden of responsibility".
        2.  `burden%1:06:01::`: weight to be borne or conveyed (load, loading).
        3.  `burden%1:10:00::`: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (effect, essence, core, gist).
        4.  `burden%1:09:00::`: the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.

    *   The phrase is "federal government's tax burden".
    *   "Tax burden" refers to the total amount of tax paid by a person or entity, often viewed as a weight or a difficult financial obligation.
    *   The adjective "onerous" is used right before it ("how onerous the federal government's tax burden is"), which strongly aligns with sense 1 ("an onerous or difficult concern").

    *   Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" (synonyms: load, encumbrance, onus). This fits perfectly with "tax burden" as a financial obligation/load.
    *   Sense 2: "weight to be borne or conveyed" (physical weight). This is too literal.
    *   Sense 3: "central meaning or theme". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "central idea". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for "tax burden", especially given the modifier "onerous".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `state`
    *   Target surface form: `state`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."
    *   Key phrases: "senatorial candidates in states", "federal government's tax burden is per state", "higher-income states".

    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (synonym: province). Example: "his state is in the deep south".
    *   Sense 2: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes". Example: "the current state of knowledge".
    *   Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state". Example: "the state has lowered its income tax".
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: nation, country). Example: "the state has elected a new president".
    *   Sense 5: "(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter".
    *   Sense 6: "a state of depression or agitation".
    *   Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" (synonyms: country, land).
    *   Sense 8: "the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies" (State Department).

    *   The context discusses "senatorial candidates in states", "federal government's tax burden per state", and "higher-income states".
    *   This clearly refers to the sub-national administrative divisions of the United States (since it mentions "senatorial candidates" and "federal government").
    *   Sense 1 describes "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (synonym: province). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 4 and 7 refer to the nation-state as a whole.
    *   Sense 3 refers to the government.
    *   Sense 8 refers to the US State Department.

    *   Sense 1: Constituent administrative district (e.g., US state).
    *   The context is about US politics (Democrats, Republicans, House, Senate, federal government).
    *   "per state" refers to each individual US state.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: progressive
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `progressive`
    *   Target surface form: `progressive`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Favoring or promoting progress.
        2.  Favoring or promoting reform (liberal).
        3.  (Of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases.
        4.  Gradually advancing in extent.
        5.  (Card game/dance) involving a series of sections.
        6.  Advancing in severity.

    *   The word "progressive" modifies "tax rate".
    *   The phrase "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder" explicitly describes a tax system where those with more (income/wealth) pay a higher rate.

    *   Sense 3: "(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases". This matches the context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hits
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hit`
    *   Target surface form: `hits`
    *   Context: "...a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "hits" refers to the adverse effect of a progressive tax rate on higher-income states. It's not a physical strike, but an economic or negative impact.

    *   1: cause to move by striking (physical) - No.
    *   2: hit against; come into sudden contact with (physical) - No.
    *   3: deal a blow to (physical) - No.
    *   4: reach a destination (physical/abstract) - No.
    *   5: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (synonym: strike; example: "hit by really bad weather") - This fits the idea of an adverse effect.
    *   6: hit with a missile (weapon) - No.
    *   7: encounter by chance - No.
    *   8: gain points in a game - No.
    *   9: cause to experience suddenly (e.g., panic) - No.
    *   10: strategic offensive assault - No.
    *   11: kill intentionally - No.
    *   12: drive something violently into a location - No.
    *   13: reach a point in time, or a certain state or level - No.
    *   14: produce by manipulating keys/strings - No.
    *   15: consume to excess - No.
    *   16: hit the intended target or goal - No.
    *   17: pay unsolicited sexual attention - No.

    *   Sense 5: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely".
    *   Context: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder".
    *   The tax rate "afflicts" or "adversely affects" the states. This is a perfect match for the metaphorical use of "hit" meaning to have a negative impact.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: higher
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `high`
    *   Target surface form: `higher`
    *   Context: "...a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "higher-income states" refers to states with a greater amount of income (higher average or total income).

    *   Sense 1: `greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount` (Examples: high temperature, high price).
    *   Sense 2: `being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension` (Examples: high mountain, high ceilings).
    *   Sense 3: `standing above others in quality or position` (Examples: people in high places).
    *   Sense 4: `high in pitch or frequency` (Sounds/voices).
    *   Sense 5: `happy and excited and energetic` (Elated).
    *   Sense 6: `smelling spoiled or tainted` (Meat).
    *   Sense 7: `slightly and pleasantly intoxicated` (Drugs/alcohol).

    *   The phrase is "higher-income states".
    *   "Higher" here modifies "income".
    *   Income is a quantity/amount.
    *   Therefore, "higher income" means a greater amount of income.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount".

    *   Sense 1: Amount/Degree (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Physical height (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Status/Rank (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Pitch (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Emotion (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Smell (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Intoxication (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `state`
    *   Target surface form: `states`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-."

    *   The sentence discusses "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election".
    *   It mentions "the federal government's tax burden is per state".
    *   It mentions "a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder".
    *   The context is clearly about the United States (mention of "House", "Senate", "Democrats", "Republicans", "federal government").
    *   In the US context, "states" refers to the constituent administrative districts (like California, Texas, etc.).

    *   Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (synonym: province). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the way something is with respect to its main attributes" (e.g., state of health). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonym: nation, country). This refers to the sovereign state (the whole US), not the individual states.
    *   Sense 5: "(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: "a state of depression or agitation". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" (synonym: country, land). Similar to Sense 4, refers to the whole nation.
    *   Sense 8: "the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies". Not applicable.

    *   The context refers to the individual states of the US (constituent administrative districts).
    *   Sense 1 specifically defines this: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "put"
    *   Target surface form: "Put"
    *   Context: "...a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   Phrase: "Put more simply"

    *   Sense 1: put into a certain place or abstract location (set, place, pose, position, lay).
    *   Sense 2: cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation.
    *   Sense 3: formulate in a particular style or language (frame, redact, cast, couch). Example: "I wouldn't put it that way."
    *   Sense 4: attribute or give (assign).
    *   Sense 5: make an investment (invest, commit, place).
    *   Sense 6: estimate (place, set).
    *   Sense 7: cause (someone) to undergo something.
    *   Sense 8: adapt.
    *   Sense 9: arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events (arrange, set up, order).

    *   The phrase "Put more simply" is a common idiomatic expression meaning "To state it more simply" or "To express it in simpler terms."
    *   This matches the definition of "formulate in a particular style or language" (Sense 3).
    *   Example for Sense 3: "I wouldn't put it that way." (This is very similar to "Put more simply").

    *   Sense 1 (place): No.
    *   Sense 2 (state): No.
    *   Sense 3 (formulate/express): Yes.
    *   Sense 4 (attribute): No.
    *   Sense 5 (invest): No.
    *   Sense 6 (estimate): No.
    *   Sense 7 (undergo): No.
    *   Sense 8 (adapt): No.
    *   Sense 9 (arrange): No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `candidate`
    *   Target surface form: `candidates`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election... Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `candidate%1:18:01::`: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
        2.  `candidate%1:18:00::`: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect)

    *   The context discusses "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "popular votes", "voters", and "GOP candidates for president".
    *   This clearly refers to people running for public office in an election.

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a politician who is running for public office".
    *   Sense 2 is a more general definition ("someone who is considered for something").
    *   Sense 1 is the more specific and accurate fit for the context of political elections.

    *   The target word "candidates" refers to people running for president and the Senate.
    *   Sense 1 is the precise match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `president`
    *   Target surface form: `president`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates... Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."
    *   Key phrases: "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "GOP candidates for president", "Republican candidates for the Senate", "federal government".

    *   Sense 1: Executive officer of a firm or corporation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: The person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government. (Person)
    *   Sense 3: The chief executive of a republic. (General person)
    *   Sense 4: Officer who presides at meetings of an organization. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Head administrative officer of a college or university. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: The office of the United States head of state. (The office/position)

    *   The sentence is: "GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters..."
    *   "Candidates for president" refers to the office/position they are running for.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (the person) and Sense 6 (the office).
    *   Usually, "candidate for [position]" refers to the position/office.
    *   Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state".
    *   Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government".
    *   In the phrase "candidates for president", "president" refers to the office/role being sought.

    *   Sense 2: Person (The President)
    *   Sense 6: Office (The Presidency/The Office of the President)
    *   Example for Sense 6: "a President is elected every four years" (Wait, the example says "a President", which could be the person, but the definition says "the office").
    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government".
    *   In "candidates for president", "president" is the target of the candidacy. One runs for the *office* of president.

    *   Sense 2: Person
    *   Sense 6: Office
    *   In English, "President" can be used metonymically for the office.
    *   Looking at the context: "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates". "Presidential" is an adjective derived from "president".
    *   "GOP candidates for president".
    *   If we say "candidate for president", are we referring to the person who is currently president (Sense 2) or the office (Sense 6)? Definitely the office.

    *   Sense 2: "the person who holds the office..."
    *   Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state"
    *   The context is specifically about the US government (House, Senate, GOP, Democratic).
    *   "Candidates for president" -> Candidates for the office of the US head of state.

    *   Sense 2 is the person.
    *   Sense 6 is the office.
    *   "Candidate for [X]" usually means X is the office.
    *   Therefore, Sense 6 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `look_on`
    *   Target surface form: `looked on`
    *   Context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `look_on%2:39:00::` (observe with attention / watch)
        2.  `look_on%2:31:00::` (look on as or consider / think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be)

    *   The sentence says: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate..."
    *   "Looked on more kindly" means they are *perceived* or *regarded* more favorably.
    *   This matches the meaning of "consider," "regard as," or "think of."

    *   Sense 1: "observe with attention" (e.g., watching an execution). This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2: "look on as or consider" (e.g., regarding an affair as a joke). This fits perfectly ("looked on more kindly" = "regarded more kindly").

    *   The correct sense is Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `republican`
    *   Target surface form: `Republican`
    *   Context: The text discusses the House and Senate, Democratic and Republican attendance rates, personal staffing decisions, GOP candidates, and voters. Specifically, the target word appears in: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `republican%3:01:01::`: relating to or belonging to the Republican Party (e.g., "a Republican senator").
        2.  `republican%5:00:00:democratic:00`: having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens... (republican form of government).

    *   The context mentions "Democratic House attendance rate", "Republican House attendance rate", "GOP candidates" (GOP = Grand Old Party, a nickname for the Republican Party).
    *   The specific phrase is "Republican candidates for the Senate".
    *   This clearly refers to members or candidates of the Republican Party in the US political system.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens...". This refers to the general concept of a republic/republicanism, not the specific political party.

    *   The target word "Republican" is capitalized and refers to the political party. Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `candidate`
    *   Target surface form: `candidates`
    *   Context: "...the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election... GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `candidate%1:18:01::`: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
        2.  `candidate%1:18:00::`: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect)

    *   The context discusses "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "states conducting a Senate election", and "GOP candidates for president" vs "Republican candidates for the Senate".
    *   This clearly refers to people running for public office in an election.

    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "a politician who is running for public office".
    *   Sense 2 is a more general definition ("someone who is considered for something").
    *   Since the context is specifically about political elections (Senate, President, GOP, Democratic), Sense 1 is the most precise and accurate fit.

    *   Sense 1: Politician running for office. (Perfect fit)
    *   Sense 2: General prospect. (Too broad)