[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more <t>effective</t> than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `effective`
    *   Target surface form: `effective`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more <t>effective</t> than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Meaning: The medicine (Cerenia) worked better than the placebo in treating/preventing vomiting.

    *   Sense 1: `producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect` (General effectiveness).
    *   Sense 2: `able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively` (Often refers to people/personnel).
    *   Sense 3: `works well as a means or remedy` (Specifically mentions "remedy" and "lotion").
    *   Sense 4: `exerting force or influence` (Legal/operative context).
    *   Sense 5: `existing in fact; not theoretical; real` (Actual/real).
    *   Sense 6: `ready for service` (Operational/military context).

    *   The context is about a medicine (Cerenia) and its ability to treat/prevent vomiting compared to a placebo.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "works well as a means or remedy" and gives the example of a "lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat." This aligns perfectly with a medicine's efficacy.
    *   Sense 1 is a broader definition of producing an intended result. While technically correct, Sense 3 is more specific to remedies/medicines.

    *   Sense 1: General.
    *   Sense 3: Specific to remedies.
    *   In WordNet-style disambiguation, the most specific sense that fits the context is usually the correct one. Since Cerenia is a medicine (remedy), Sense 3 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the <t>placebo</t>: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `placebo`
    *   Target surface form: `placebo`
    *   Context: A text discussing the efficacy of a drug called Cerenia in dogs, comparing it to a "placebo" in studies to see if it reduces vomiting.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `placebo%1:06:00::`: an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug.
        2.  `placebo%1:04:00::`: (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead.

    *   The context is medical/veterinary research ("studies", "effective", "medicine", "vomiting", "dogs").
    *   The word "placebo" is used in the phrase "Cerenia was more effective than the placebo" and "dogs that received a placebo".
    *   This clearly refers to an inert substance used as a control in a clinical trial.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical/experimental context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 refers to a religious service, which is completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense index is 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: <t>less</t> vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `little' usually used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree | examples=of less importance; less time to spend with the family
2. sense_key=less%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=(usually preceded by `no') lower in quality | examples=no less than perfect
3. sense_key=less%5:00:00:fewer:00 | definition=(nonstandard in some uses but often idiomatic with measure phrases) fewer | examples=less than three weeks; no less than 50 people attended

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "less"
    *   Target surface form: "less"
    *   Context: "...less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `less%3:00:00::`: comparative of 'little', used with mass nouns, meaning not as great in amount or degree.
        2.  `less%5:00:00:inferior:02`: lower in quality.
        3.  `less%5:00:00:fewer:00`: fewer (nonstandard/idiomatic with measure phrases).

    *   The sentence is: "less vomiting was seen in dogs..."
    *   "Vomiting" in this context is used as a mass noun (the act or amount of vomiting).
    *   The sentence compares the amount of vomiting in two groups (medicine vs. placebo).
    *   It means "a smaller amount of vomiting."

    *   Sense 1: "comparative of 'little' usually used with mass nouns... not as great in amount or degree." (Fits perfectly: "vomiting" is a mass noun, and the amount is not as great).
    *   Sense 2: "lower in quality." (Does not fit).
    *   Sense 3: "fewer." (Used for countable nouns. "Vomiting" is not a countable noun here).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: seen
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was <t>seen</t> in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `see`
    *   Target surface form: `seen`
    *   Context: "...less vomiting was <t>seen</t> in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Meaning: In the context of a clinical study, "less vomiting was seen" means that less vomiting was observed, recorded, or occurred.

    *   1: perceive by sight (literal vision)
    *   2: perceive mentally (understand)
    *   3: perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, find) - Example: "We found Republicans winning the offices"
    *   4: imagine/conceive
    *   5: deem to be (consider)
    *   6: get to know/become aware of (learn)
    *   7: see or watch (view a show)
    *   8: come together (meet)
    *   9: find out/determine (check)
    *   10: be careful/make certain
    *   11: professional visit
    *   12: social visit
    *   13: visit a place
    *   14: take charge of
    *   15: receive as a guest
    *   16: date regularly
    *   17: see and understand (artistic eye)
    *   18: deliberate/decide
    *   19: observe as if with an eye (camera)
    *   20: examine/inspect
    *   21: experience/go through
    *   22: escort
    *   23: match/meet (betting)
    *   24: interpret/construe

    *   The phrase "less vomiting was seen" is common in scientific/medical reporting. It doesn't mean the researchers literally stared at the dogs with their eyes (though they did observe them), but rather that the *occurrence* of vomiting was observed or recorded as a result.
    *   Sense 3: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" (synonyms: witness, find). Example: "We found Republicans winning the offices." This fits the pattern of observing a result or occurrence in a study.
    *   Sense 1: "perceive by sight". While technically true, "seen" in scientific results usually means "observed/found" (Sense 3).
    *   Sense 19: "observe as if with an eye" (camera). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 20: "examine/inspect". Not quite.

    *   Sense 3: "perceive or be contemporaneous with" | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school.
    *   In "less vomiting was seen", "seen" is used similarly to "observed" or "found". "We found that less vomiting occurred" $\approx$ "Less vomiting was seen".

    *   Sense 1 is too literal (physical sight).
    *   Sense 3 covers the "witnessing" or "finding" of a phenomenon or result.

    *   "Less vomiting was seen" $\rightarrow$ "Less vomiting was observed/found".
    *   Sense 3 synonyms: witness, find.
    *   This matches the usage in scientific reporting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in <t>dogs</t> that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dog`
    *   Target surface form: `dogs`
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting. It mentions "laboratory dogs," "animal patients at veterinary practises," and "vomiting dog."
    *   Target sentence: "...less vomiting was seen in <t>dogs</t> that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo..."

    *   Sense 1: `dog%1:05:00::` - a member of the genus Canis (domesticated by man). (Domestic dog)
    *   Sense 2: `dog%1:18:01::` - a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman.
    *   Sense 3: `dog%1:18:00::` - informal term for a man.
    *   Sense 4: `dog%1:18:02::` - someone who is morally reprehensible.
    *   Sense 5: `dog%1:13:01::` - a smooth-textured sausage (hotdog).
    *   Sense 6: `dog%1:06:00::` - a hinged catch (ratchet).
    *   Sense 7: `dog%1:06:01::` - metal supports for logs (andiron).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "veterinary practises," "animal patients," and "laboratory dogs."
    *   The target word "dogs" refers to the animals receiving the medicine.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 (domestic dog).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the <t>medicine</t> than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `medicine`
    *   Target surface form: `medicine`
    *   Context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the <t>medicine</t> than in dogs that received a placebo..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `medicine%1:09:00::`: branches of medical science (medical specialty).
        2.  `medicine%1:06:00::`: something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (medication, medicament, medicinal drug).
        3.  `medicine%1:04:00::`: the learned profession (practice of medicine).
        4.  `medicine%1:04:02::`: punishment for one's actions (take your medicine).

    *   The context discusses "Cerenia," which is described as blocking a receptor to prevent vomiting in dogs.
    *   The sentence says "dogs that received the medicine," contrasting it with "dogs that received a placebo."
    *   This clearly refers to a drug or medication.

    *   Sense 1: Medical science/specialty (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Medication/medicinal drug (Correct).
    *   Sense 3: Medical profession (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Punishment (Incorrect).

    *   The best fit is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in <t>dogs</t> that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `dog`
    *   Target surface form: `dogs`
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in "laboratory dogs," "animal patients at veterinary practises," and "dogs that received the medicine."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `dog%1:05:00::`: Domesticated member of the genus Canis (domestic dog).
        2.  `dog%1:18:01::`: Unattractive woman.
        3.  `dog%1:18:00::`: Informal term for a man.
        4.  `dog%1:18:02::`: Morally reprehensible person.
        5.  `dog%1:13:01::`: Sausage (hotdog).
        6.  `dog%1:06:00::`: Hinged catch (ratchet).
        7.  `dog%1:06:01::`: Metal supports for logs (andiron).

    *   The context mentions "laboratory dogs," "veterinary practises," "vomiting," and "medicine."
    *   This clearly refers to the animal (domestic dog).

    *   Sense 1: "a member of the genus Canis... domesticated by man... occurs in many breeds" matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: placebo
Target surface form: placebo
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a <t>placebo</t>, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=placebo%1:06:00:: | definition=an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug
2. sense_key=placebo%1:04:00:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "placebo"
    *   Target surface form: "placebo"
    *   Context: A text discussing the efficacy of a drug called Cerenia in dogs, comparing it to a "placebo" in studies to see if it reduces vomiting.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `placebo%1:06:00::`: an innocuous or inert medication; given as a pacifier or to the control group in experiments on the efficacy of a drug.
        2.  `placebo%1:04:00::`: (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead.

    *   The context is medical/veterinary research ("studies", "effective", "medicine", "vomiting", "dogs").
    *   The sentence "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo" clearly refers to a control substance used in a clinical trial.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical/experimental context perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is a religious term and is completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "treatment"
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to block NK1 receptors to prevent or stop vomiting in dogs. The specific sentence is: "...less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting."
    *   Additional context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."

    *   Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" (Synonym: intervention).
    *   Sense 2: "the management of someone or something" (Synonym: handling).
    *   Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically".
    *   Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" (Synonyms: discussion, discourse).

    *   The context is clearly medical/veterinary.
    *   "Cerenia" is a medicine.
    *   The goal is to stop vomiting in dogs.
    *   "Treatment" here refers to the medical application of the drug to relieve a symptom (vomiting).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "treatment"
    *   Target surface form: "treatment"
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in dogs. It mentions studies, effectiveness compared to placebo, and the administration of the medicine (injection vs. tablets).
    *   Specific sentence: "The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..." and "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

    *   Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" (Synonym: intervention).
    *   Sense 2: "the management of someone or something" (Synonym: handling).
    *   Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically".
    *   Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" (Synonyms: discussion, discourse).

    *   The context is clearly medical/veterinary.
    *   "Treatment of a vomiting dog" refers to the medical care/procedure (injection/tablets) used to relieve the illness (vomiting).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting <t>dog</t> should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "dog"
    *   Target surface form: "dog"
    *   Context: A text about a medication called Cerenia used to treat vomiting in animals, specifically mentioning "laboratory dogs", "veterinary practises", and "vomiting animals".
    *   Target sentence: "The treatment of a vomiting <t>dog</t> should be started with the injection..."

    *   Sense 1: Domesticated member of genus Canis (domestic dog).
    *   Sense 2: Unattractive woman.
    *   Sense 3: Informal term for a man.
    *   Sense 4: Morally reprehensible person.
    *   Sense 5: Sausage (hotdog).
    *   Sense 6: Hinged catch (ratchet).
    *   Sense 7: Metal supports for logs (andiron).

    *   The context discusses veterinary medicine, "laboratory dogs", and "vomiting animals".
    *   The target word "dog" refers to the animal being treated.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be <t>started</t> with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `start`
    *   Target surface form: `started`
    *   Context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be <t>started</t> with the injection..."
    *   Meaning: The process of treating the dog should begin with an injection.

    *   Sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action (e.g., "We began working at dawn").
    *   Sense 2: set in motion, cause to start (e.g., "The U.S. started a war").
    *   Sense 3: leave (e.g., "The family took off for Florida").
    *   Sense 4: have a beginning (temporal, spatial, evaluative) (e.g., "The DMZ begins right over the hill").
    *   Sense 5: bring into being (e.g., "He initiated a new program").
    *   Sense 6: get off the ground (e.g., "Who started this company?").
    *   Sense 7: move or jump suddenly (e.g., "She startled").
    *   Sense 8: get going or set in motion (e.g., "start the engine").
    *   Sense 9: begin or set in motion (e.g., "I start at eight").
    *   Sense 10: begin work or acting in a certain capacity (e.g., "start a new job").
    *   Sense 11: play in the starting lineup.
    *   Sense 12: have a beginning characterized in some specified way (e.g., "The novel begins with a murder").
    *   Sense 13: begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object (e.g., "begin a cigar").
    *   Sense 14: bulge outward.

    *   The sentence is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."
    *   This is a passive construction. Active: "[One] should start the treatment of a vomiting dog with the injection."
    *   "Start the treatment" means to begin the process of treating.
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". This fits well. Starting a treatment is taking the first step in the process of treating.
        *   Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start". This is similar, but usually refers to starting an event or a conflict.
        *   Sense 4: "have a beginning". This is intransitive (e.g., "The movie starts at 8"). The target "started" is used transitively (passive voice).
        *   Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". This is also usually intransitive (e.g., "The novel begins with a murder"). Wait, let's re-examine Sense 12. "The novel begins with a murder." Here, "begins" is intransitive, and "with a murder" is a prepositional phrase describing the beginning. In the target sentence, "The treatment... should be started with the injection," "started" is the main verb in a passive construction. If we convert it to active: "One should start the treatment with the injection."
        *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2. Sense 1 is about taking the first step in an action. Sense 2 is about causing something to start.
        *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". "Start the treatment" = take the first step in carrying out the treatment.
        *   Let's look at Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start". "Start the treatment" = set the treatment in motion.
        *   Let's look at Sense 12 again: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". "The novel begins with a murder." If the target sentence was "The treatment starts with the injection," Sense 12 would be a strong candidate. But the sentence is "The treatment... should be *started* with the injection." This is passive.

    *   "The treatment... should be started with the injection."
    *   Active: "One should start the treatment with the injection."
    *   This means to initiate the process.
    *   Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    *   Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start".
    *   Sense 5: "bring into being".
    *   Sense 6: "get off the ground".

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "We began working at dawn." (Intransitive or transitive)
    Sense 2: "The U.S. started a war." (Transitive)

    "Start the treatment" is very similar to "start a war" in the sense of initiating a process or series of events. However, "treatment" is more of an action/process than an event like a war.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    If the action is "treating the dog", then "starting the treatment" is taking the first step.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "set in motion, cause to start".
    If you "start the treatment", you are setting the treatment process in motion.

    Let's check other options. Sense 13: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" (e.g., "begin a cigar"). This doesn't fit.

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2 again:
    Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action"
    Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start"

    In many WordNet-based datasets, "start [a process/treatment/program]" is often mapped to "begin" or "initiate".
    Sense 1 synonyms: get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out.
    Sense 2 synonyms: begin, lead off, commence.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "We began working at dawn; Who will start?"
    Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities."

    "Starting a treatment" feels closer to "starting a war" (initiating a process/event) than "beginning to work" (taking the first step in an action). But "treatment" is also an action.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    If the action is "the treatment", then starting it is taking the first step.

    Let's consider Sense 2 again. "set in motion, cause to start".
    If you start the treatment, you cause the treatment to start.

    Let's look at Sense 5: "bring into being" (initiate). "He initiated a new program".
    "Starting a treatment" is similar to "initiating a program".

    Let's look at Sense 6: "get off the ground" (embark on). "Who started this company?".

    Let's re-read the context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."
    This is a medical instruction. "Start the treatment" means to begin the administration of the medicine.

    If we look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "begin, set about, set out".
    If we look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "begin, lead off, commence".

    Actually, Sense 1 ("take the first step or steps in carrying out an action") seems to fit the idea of "starting a treatment" (the action of treating) very well.

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "set in motion, cause to start". This often applies to things that have their own momentum once started (like a war, a race, a machine). A treatment is more of a planned sequence of actions.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    Example: "We began working at dawn."
    If you "start the treatment", you are beginning the action of treating.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 12 again. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way".
    Example: "The novel begins with a murder."
    If the sentence was "The treatment starts with the injection," this would be a perfect fit.
    But the sentence is "The treatment... should be started with the injection."
    This is the passive form of "One should start the treatment with the injection."
    In the active form, "start" is transitive. Sense 12 is intransitive.

    So we are back to Sense 1, 2, 5, or 6.
    Sense 1: take the first step in carrying out an action.
    Sense 2: set in motion, cause to start.
    Sense 5: bring into being (initiate).
    Sense 6: get off the ground (embark on).

    "Start the treatment" is most naturally "begin the process of treating".
    Between Sense 1 and Sense 2, Sense 1's "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" feels slightly more appropriate for a medical treatment than "set in motion" (Sense 2).

    Let's re-verify Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    If the action is "treating the dog", then "starting the treatment" is taking the first step.

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "set in motion, cause to start".
    "The U.S. started a war."
    "The doctor started the treatment."
    This also works.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out".
    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "begin, lead off, commence".

    Actually, "commence" (Sense 2) is often used for formal processes like treatments. "The treatment will commence tomorrow."

    Let's think about the difference between "take the first step in carrying out an action" (Sense 1) and "set in motion, cause to start" (Sense 2).
    Sense 1 is more about the *person* doing the action ("I started working").
    Sense 2 is more about the *thing* being started ("I started the engine" - wait, that's Sense 8).
    Wait, Sense 2 example: "The U.S. started a war." The war is the thing being started.
    In "start the treatment", the treatment is the thing being started.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "We began working at dawn." (Here "working" is the action).
    If the sentence was "The doctor started treating the dog," that would be Sense 1.
    But the sentence is "The treatment... should be started." (The treatment is the object).

    So, if "treatment" is the object, Sense 2 ("set in motion, cause to start") or Sense 5 ("bring into being/initiate") or Sense 6 ("get off the ground") are more likely.

    Between Sense 2 and Sense 5:
    Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start" (e.g., a war).
    Sense 5: "bring into being" (e.g., a program, a foundation).

    "Starting a treatment" is more like "starting a program" (Sense 5) or "starting a war" (Sense 2) than "starting to work" (Sense 1).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "set in motion, cause to start".
    If you start a treatment, you are causing the treatment process to begin.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again. Can "start" be transitive in Sense 1?
    "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action"
    Example: "Who will start?" (Intransitive)
    Example: "We began working at dawn." (Transitive, but "working" is a gerund/action).
    If the object is "the treatment" (a noun), it's more likely to be Sense 2.

    Let's double-check Sense 2 synonyms: "begin, lead off, commence".
    "Commence the treatment" is a very common phrase.

    Let's double-check Sense 5: "bring into being" (originate, initiate).
    "Initiate the treatment" is also common.
    But "bring into being" usually means creating something that didn't exist before (like a foundation or a program). A treatment is more of a process.

    Let's double-check Sense 6: "get off the ground" (start up, embark on).
    "Embark on a treatment" is possible, but "start up a company" is the example.

    So, Sense 2 ("set in motion, cause to start") seems like the best fit for "start the treatment".

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 one more time. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
    If "the treatment" is viewed as the action, then "starting the treatment" is taking the first step.
    But usually, in that sense, the verb is followed by an activity (like "working", "reading", "cleaning").

    Let's compare:
    1. "I started cleaning the house." (Sense 1)
    2. "I started the cleaning process." (Sense 2)

    "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started..."
    "Treatment" here is a noun referring to the process.
    Therefore, Sense 2 ("set in motion, cause to start") is a better fit than Sense 1.

    Let's just quickly check Sense 12 again. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way".
    "The novel begins with a murder."
    If the sentence was "The treatment starts with the injection," this would be Sense 12.
    But the sentence is "The treatment... should be started with the injection."
    This is passive. "One should start the treatment with the injection."
    In the active form, "start" is transitive. Sense 12 is intransitive.

    Wait, let me re-verify if Sense 12 can be transitive.
    "The novel begins with a murder." (Intransitive)
    "My property begins with the three maple trees." (Intransitive)
    No, it's intransitive.

    So, the choice is between Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    Sense 1: take the first step in carrying out an action.
    Sense 2: set in motion, cause to start.

    "Start the treatment" -> "Cause the treatment to start" or "Set the treatment in motion".
    This matches Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the <t>injection</t>, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `injection`
    *   Context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the <t>injection</t>, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `injection%1:04:00::`: the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure (General physical process).
        2.  `injection%1:27:00::`: any solution that is injected (The substance itself).
        3.  `injection%1:04:01::`: the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe (The medical procedure/shot).

    *   The sentence compares "the injection" with "a tablet".
    *   "The treatment... should be started with the injection".
    *   The reason is that the animal might not keep a tablet down.
    *   In medical contexts, "the injection" can refer to either the act of injecting or the substance being injected.
    *   Comparing "the injection" to "a tablet" (a form of medication delivery) suggests that "injection" here refers to the method/act of administration or the dose administered via that method.

    *   Sense 1: Too general (forceful insertion under pressure).
    *   Sense 2: The solution itself (injectant).
    *   Sense 3: The act of putting a liquid into the body (shot).

    *   "The treatment... should be started with the injection"
    *   If we replace "injection" with "shot" (synonym for sense 3): "The treatment... should be started with the shot." (Makes sense).
    *   If we replace "injection" with "injectant" (synonym for sense 2): "The treatment... should be started with the injectant." (Less natural, though technically possible).
    *   Usually, when contrasting a tablet (oral administration) with an injection, we are talking about the *route* or *method* of administration. Sense 3 ("the act of putting a liquid into the body") describes the medical procedure/shot.

    *   Sense 2 is the substance.
    *   Sense 3 is the act/shot.
    *   In "started with the injection", it refers to the initial dose given via injection. In common medical parlance, "an injection" often refers to the event/act of receiving the shot.

    *   Sense 3 is the most common way to refer to a medical "shot".
    *   Sense 2 refers to the liquid itself.
    *   The context "started with the injection" strongly implies the administration method (the shot).

    *   Sense 1: Forceful insertion (too broad).
    *   Sense 2: The solution (the liquid).
    *   Sense 3: The act/shot (the procedure).
    *   Comparing "the injection" to "a tablet" (the object/form) might suggest Sense 2 (the liquid form vs the tablet form). However, "the injection" is almost always used to mean "the shot" in this clinical context. Let's re-evaluate.
    *   "The treatment... should be started with the injection" -> "The treatment... should be started with the shot."
    *   If it meant the liquid, it would more likely say "the injectable solution" or "the injectant".
    *   Sense 3 is the standard meaning for a medical injection given to a patient.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be <t>able</t> to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `able`
    *   Target surface form: `able`
    *   Context: "...vomiting animals might not be <t>able</t> to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again)."

    *   Sense 1: `able%3:00:00::` - having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something. (Example: able to swim, able to program).
    *   Sense 2: `able%5:00:00:competent:00` - have the skills and qualifications to do things well. (Example: able teachers).
    *   Sense 3: `able%5:00:00:capable:00` - having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity. (Example: able to learn, human beings are able to walk on two feet).
    *   Sense 4: `able%5:00:00:fit:01` - having a strong healthy body. (Example: able seaman).

    *   The sentence is: "vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down".
    *   This refers to a physical capacity/ability (the physical act of keeping something in the stomach without vomiting).
    *   It's not about skill, qualifications, or authority (eliminating Sense 1 and Sense 2).
    *   It's not about being "able-bodied" in the sense of general health/fitness for a job (eliminating Sense 4).
    *   It's about the physical capacity to perform a specific action (keeping a tablet down).

    *   Sense 1 focuses on "means, skill, know-how, or authority".
    *   Sense 3 focuses on "inherent physical or mental ability or capacity".
    *   Keeping a tablet down is a physical capacity/ability.

    *   Sense 1: "having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something"
    *   Sense 3: "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity"
    *   In the context of a dog vomiting, the inability to keep a tablet down is a lack of physical capacity due to the condition (vomiting), not a lack of skill or authority.

    *   Sense 3 fits best as it describes the physical capacity to do something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a <t>tablet</t> down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "tablet"
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in dogs. It mentions that treatment should start with an injection because vomiting animals might not be able to keep a "tablet" down (they might throw the intact tablet up). It also mentions administering "tablets" for follow-up treatment.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Slab of stone/wood for inscription.
        2.  Sheets of paper fastened together (pad).
        3.  Small flat compressed cake of some substance (e.g., soap).
        4.  Dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet (pill, lozenge, tab).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "medicine," "injection," "vomiting," and "treatment."
    *   The "tablet" in this context is something a dog would ingest as medicine.
    *   Sense 4 specifically defines a tablet as a "dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet" and lists "pill" as a synonym.

    *   Sense 1: Not related to stone/wood.
    *   Sense 2: Not related to paper.
    *   Sense 3: While a pill is technically a compressed cake, Sense 4 is the specific medical sense, which fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 4: Fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intact
Target surface form: intact
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:whole:00 | definition=constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; - Bacon | synonyms=integral, entire | examples=a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime
2. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=(of a woman) having the hymen unbroken | synonyms=inviolate | examples=she was intact, virginal
3. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uncastrated:00 | definition=(used of domestic animals) sexually competent | synonyms=entire | examples=an entire horse
4. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:undamaged:00 | definition=undamaged in any way | examples=the vase remained intact despit rough handling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `intact`
    *   Target surface form: `intact`
    *   Context: "...vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again)."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `whole`: constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged.
        2.  `uninjured`: (of a woman) having the hymen unbroken.
        3.  `uncastrated`: (used of domestic animals) sexually competent.
        4.  `undamaged`: undamaged in any way.

    *   The sentence discusses a dog vomiting a tablet.
    *   "throw the intact tablet up again" means the tablet is vomited back up without having been dissolved or broken down in the stomach.
    *   It refers to the physical state of the tablet (not broken, not dissolved, still in its original form).

    *   Sense 1 (`whole`): "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged". This fits well, as the tablet is still in its original, complete form.
    *   Sense 2 (`uninjured`): Not applicable (refers to hymen).
    *   Sense 3 (`uncastrated`): Not applicable (refers to animals).
    *   Sense 4 (`undamaged`): "undamaged in any way". While a tablet isn't "damaged" in the sense of being broken, "undamaged" usually implies surviving a potential trauma (like the vase example).

    *   Sense 1 focuses on the "undiminished entirety" or "whole" nature.
    *   Sense 4 focuses on being "undamaged".
    *   In the context of a pill/tablet being vomited up, "intact" means it hasn't dissolved or broken apart. It is still "whole".
    *   Comparing "whole" (Sense 1) and "undamaged" (Sense 4):
        *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety".
        *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way".
    *   Usually, when talking about a pill not dissolving, "intact" means it's still in one piece (whole).

    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged".
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way".
    *   If a pill is vomited up, it is vomited up as a whole unit. Sense 1's "undiminished entirety" fits the concept of a pill that hasn't dissolved.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 4 again: "undamaged in any way".
    *   Let me look at Sense 1 again: "constituting the undiminished entirety".
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "intact" meaning "not broken or damaged" is often mapped to "undamaged" or "whole".
    *   Let's re-read the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "keep bodies integral", "keep the collection entire".
        *   Sense 4: "the vase remained intact despite rough handling".
    *   A tablet being vomited up is more like the vase remaining intact (not broken/dissolved) than a collection remaining entire. However, "undiminished entirety" also fits.
    *   Actually, looking at the definitions again:
        *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged"
        *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way"
    *   If a pill is vomited up, it is still in its original form. It hasn't been broken down.
    *   Let's check common usage. "The pill remained intact" usually means it didn't dissolve.
    *   Between 1 and 4, 4 is a more general "not damaged/broken", while 1 is "whole/entire".
    *   Actually, Sense 1's "lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" and Sense 4's "undamaged in any way" are very close.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "integral, entire".
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 4: "the vase remained intact despite rough handling".
    *   A tablet being vomited up is similar to a vase remaining intact; it didn't break apart.

    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety" (like a collection or a body).
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way" (like a vase).
    *   A tablet is a physical object. If it's vomited up "intact", it means it hasn't been broken down by stomach acid. This is closer to "undamaged" (not broken) than "entirety" (like a collection).

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. "Intact" in the context of a pill often means "not dissolved".
    *   If I have to choose between "whole" and "undamaged":
        *   Whole: The entire thing is there.
        *   Undamaged: It hasn't been harmed/broken.
    *   If a pill is vomited up, it is still "whole".
    *   Let's look at the WordNet senses again.
    *   Sense 1: `whole` (integral, entire)
    *   Sense 4: `undamaged`
    *   In many contexts, "intact" meaning "not broken" is Sense 4. "Intact" meaning "complete" is Sense 1.
    *   A tablet that hasn't dissolved is both complete and not broken.
    *   However, "undamaged" (Sense 4) is often used for physical objects that could have been broken. A tablet in the stomach is subject to dissolution (a form of breaking down).

    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged"
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way"
    *   The example "the vase remained intact despite rough handling" (Sense 4) is very similar to "the tablet remained intact despite being in the stomach".

    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety" (e.g., a collection, a body).
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way" (e.g., a vase).
    *   A tablet is a single physical object. If it's not broken/dissolved, it's "undamaged" in its structure.

    *   Wait, let me search for "intact tablet".
    *   "The tablet was recovered intact" usually means it was not broken or dissolved.
    *   Looking at WordNet again (via other sources), "intact" as "not damaged" is a very common sense.
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way".
    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety".
    *   If the tablet is vomited up, it is still "whole" (Sense 1) and "undamaged" (Sense 4).
    *   But "undamaged" (Sense 4) is the more direct fit for a physical object not being broken.

    *   Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged"
    *   Sense 4: "undamaged in any way"
    *   Actually, Sense 1's definition "lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" almost encompasses Sense 4.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "integral, entire".
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 4: "the vase remained intact despite rough handling".
    *   The tablet is a physical object that could have been broken down. This matches the "vase" example better than the "collection" example.

    *   Sense 1: whole/entire (e.g., a collection, a body)
    *   Sense 4: undamaged (e.g., a vase)
    *   Tablet = physical object.
    *   Vomited up intact = not broken/dissolved.
    *   This matches Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact <t>tablet</t> up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "tablet"
    *   Target surface form: "tablet"
    *   Context: The text discusses "Cerenia," a medicine used to treat vomiting in dogs. It mentions that treatment should start with an injection because vomiting animals might not be able to keep a "tablet" down (they might throw the intact "tablet" up again). It also mentions administering "tablets" for follow-up treatment.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Slab of stone/wood for inscription.
        2.  Sheets of paper fastened together (pad).
        3.  Small flat compressed cake of some substance (e.g., soap).
        4.  Dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet (pill, lozenge, tab).

    *   The context explicitly mentions "medicine," "injection," "vomiting," and "treatment."
    *   The "tablet" is something a dog would swallow as part of a medical treatment.
    *   Sense 4 specifically refers to a "dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet" and lists "pill" as a synonym.

    *   Sense 1: Not a stone slab.
    *   Sense 2: Not a pad of paper.
    *   Sense 3: Not a cake of soap.
    *   Sense 4: Fits perfectly (medicine/pill).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow-up
Target surface form: follow-up
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow-up%1:06:00:: | definition=a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work | examples=his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with
2. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:01:: | definition=an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:00:: | definition=a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `follow-up`
    *   Target surface form: `follow-up`
    *   Context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection... For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `follow-up%1:06:00`: a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work (e.g., software).
        2.  `follow-up%1:04:01`: an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
        3.  `follow-up%1:04:00`: a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment (synonyms: reexamination, review).

    *   The context describes a medical treatment process for dogs.
    *   Initial step: Injection (because the dog is vomiting and can't keep tablets down).
    *   Subsequent step: Tablets (administered by the owner).
    *   The phrase is "follow-up treatment".

    *   Sense 1: "piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work" (usually refers to research, software, books). Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 2: "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done". This fits well. The treatment started with an injection and continues with tablets.
    *   Sense 3: "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment". This refers to a *check-up* or *review* (examination), not the administration of further medication (treatment).

    *   The text says "follow-up treatment".
    *   Sense 3 is specifically about "examination" (monitoring).
    *   Sense 2 is a broader "activity that continues something".
    *   Is "treatment" an "activity that continues something"? Yes.
    *   Is "follow-up treatment" a "subsequent examination"? No, the tablets are the treatment itself, not an examination to see if the treatment worked.

    *   Sense 2 is the most accurate fit for "follow-up treatment" in the sense of continuing the course of medication.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "treatment"
    *   Target surface form: "treatment"
    *   Context: "For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses "Cerenia" (a medicine), "vomiting dogs," "placebo," "injection," "tablets," and "veterinary therapy."

    *   Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" (Synonym: intervention).
    *   Sense 2: "the management of someone or something" (Synonym: handling).
    *   Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically".
    *   Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic" (Synonym: discussion, discourse).

    *   The context is clearly medical/veterinary.
    *   "Follow-up treatment" refers to the continued administration of medicine (tablets) to a dog to treat vomiting.
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)".

    *   Sense 2 (management/handling) is too general and doesn't capture the medical nature.
    *   Sense 3 (artistic) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (communication/discussion) is irrelevant.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: owner
Target surface form: owner
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: | definition=(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business | synonyms=proprietor | examples=he is the owner of a chain of restaurants
2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who owns something | synonyms=possessor | examples=they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "owner"
    *   Target surface form: "owner"
    *   Context: "...For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `owner%1:18:00`: (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business (proprietor).
        2.  `owner%1:18:02`: a person who owns something (possessor).

    *   The context refers to an "animal owner" who administers tablets to their dog.
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about owning a *business* (proprietor).
    *   Sense 2 is a general term for a person who owns *something* (possessor).

    *   An animal owner is a person who owns an animal.
    *   An animal is not a business.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `administer`
    *   Target surface form: `administer`
    *   Context: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `administer%2:41:00::`: work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of.
        2.  `administer%2:40:01::`: perform (a church sacrament) ritually.
        3.  `administer%2:40:00::`: administer or bestow, as in small portions (distribute, mete out).
        4.  `administer%2:29:00::`: give or apply (medications).
        5.  `administer%2:41:01::`: direct the taking of (e.g., an exam).

    *   The sentence is: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog."
    *   The object being administered is "the tablets" (medication).
    *   The recipient is "the dog".
    *   The context is veterinary medicine/treatment.

    *   Sense 1: Administrative capacity (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Church sacrament (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Distribute/bestow in small portions (Incorrect, though "dispense" is a synonym, it's more about distribution than medical application).
    *   Sense 4: Give or apply (medications) (Correct).
    *   Sense 5: Direct the taking of (e.g., an exam) (Incorrect).

    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "give or apply (medications)". This fits perfectly with "administer the tablets to the dog".