[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 <t>ringers</t> -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text describes people pulling ropes attached to church bells in a tower, mentioning a "band of ringers," "one local ringer," and a "group of 15 ringers" who drive from church to church to keep the bells sounding.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bells," "tower," "pull rhythmically on ropes," "church-goers," "peal of bells," "belfries," and "ring for even one service."
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 1: "a person who rings church bells."

    *   Sense 1: Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: No mention of look-alikes.
    *   Sense 3: No mention of competitions or false pretenses.
    *   Sense 4: No mention of horseshoes.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: include
Target surface form: including
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group
4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `include`
    *   Target surface form: `including`
    *   Context: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `have as a part, be made up out of` (e.g., "The list includes the names of many famous writers")
        2.  `consider as part of something` (e.g., "I include you in the list of culprits")
        3.  `add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category` (e.g., "We must include this chemical element in the group")
        4.  `allow participation in or the right to be part of` (e.g., "admit someone to the profession")

    *   The sentence says: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday..."
    *   Here, "including" is used to specify some of the members that make up the group of 15 ringers.
    *   It describes the composition of the group.

    *   Sense 1: `have as a part, be made up out of`. This fits perfectly. The group of 15 ringers *has as a part* two octogenarians and four youngsters.
    *   Sense 2: `consider as part of something`. This implies a mental act of categorization or judgment. Not the case here.
    *   Sense 3: `add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category`. This implies an action of adding or inserting. The sentence is describing the current state of the group, not the act of adding members to it.
    *   Sense 4: `allow participation in or the right to be part of`. This is about permission or admission. Not the case here.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate description of "including" when used to list members of a group.

    *   Sense 1: "The list includes the names of many famous writers" -> "The group of 15 ringers includes two octogenarians..." (Parallel structure).

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `training`
    *   Target surface form: `training`
    *   Context: "...including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `training%1:04:00::`: activity leading to skilled behavior (synonyms: preparation, grooming)
        2.  `training%1:07:00::`: the result of good upbringing (synonyms: education, breeding)

    *   The context describes people learning how to ring church bells.
    *   "four youngsters in training" means they are learning the skill of bell ringing.
    *   This aligns perfectly with "activity leading to skilled behavior".
    *   It does not refer to social upbringing or breeding.

    *   Sense 1: activity leading to skilled behavior. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: result of good upbringing. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drive
Target surface form: drive
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drive%2:38:01:: | definition=operate or control a vehicle | examples=drive a car or bus; Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
2. sense_key=drive%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or be transported in a vehicle | synonyms=motor | examples=We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater
3. sense_key=drive%2:38:02:: | definition=cause someone or something to move by driving | examples=She drove me to school every day; We drove the car to the garage
4. sense_key=drive%2:35:00:: | definition=force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically | synonyms=force, ram | examples=She rammed her mind into focus; He drives me mad
5. sense_key=drive%2:41:02:: | definition=to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly | examples=She is driven by her passion
6. sense_key=drive%2:35:11:: | definition=cause to move back by force or influence | synonyms=repel, repulse, force back, push back, beat back | examples=repel the enemy; push back the urge to smoke
7. sense_key=drive%2:36:00:: | definition=compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment | examples=She finally drove him to change jobs
8. sense_key=drive%2:35:07:: | definition=push, propel, or press with force | examples=Drive a nail into the wall
9. sense_key=drive%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force | examples=drive the ball far out into the field
10. sense_key=drive%2:41:00:: | definition=strive and make an effort to reach a goal | synonyms=tug, labor, labour, push | examples=She tugged for years to make a decent living; We have to push a little to make the deadline!
11. sense_key=drive%2:32:00:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=get, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
12. sense_key=drive%2:42:00:: | definition=have certain properties when driven | synonyms=ride | examples=This car rides smoothly; My new truck drives well
13. sense_key=drive%2:41:13:: | definition=work as a driver | examples=He drives a bread truck; She drives for the taxi company in Newark
14. sense_key=drive%2:38:09:: | definition=move by being propelled by a force | examples=The car drove around the corner
15. sense_key=drive%2:38:10:: | definition=urge forward | examples=drive the cows into the barn
16. sense_key=drive%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=take | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=drive%2:35:03:: | definition=strike with a driver, as in teeing off | examples=drive a golf ball
18. sense_key=drive%2:35:02:: | definition=hit very hard, as by swinging a bat horizontally | examples=drive a ball
19. sense_key=drive%2:35:06:: | definition=excavate horizontally | examples=drive a tunnel
20. sense_key=drive%2:34:07:: | definition=cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling | examples=The amplifier drives the tube; steam drives the engines
21. sense_key=drive%2:33:01:: | definition=hunting: search for game | examples=drive the forest
22. sense_key=drive%2:33:00:: | definition=hunting: chase from cover into more open ground | examples=drive the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "drive"
    *   Context: "...who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding..."
    *   Meaning: The group of ringers travels from one church to another using a vehicle.

    *   Sense 1: operate or control a vehicle (focus on the act of operating).
    *   Sense 2: travel or be transported in a vehicle (focus on the journey/traveling). Example: "We drove to the university every morning."
    *   Sense 3: cause someone or something to move by driving (transitive, e.g., "She drove me to school").
    *   Sense 4: force into or from an action or state.
    *   Sense 5: compel or force or urge relentlessly.
    *   Sense 6: cause to move back by force.
    *   Sense 7: compel somebody to do something.
    *   Sense 8: push, propel, or press with force.
    *   Sense 9: cause to move rapidly by striking.
    *   Sense 10: strive and make an effort to reach a goal.
    *   Sense 11: move into a desired direction of discourse.
    *   Sense 12: have certain properties when driven.
    *   Sense 13: work as a driver.
    *   Sense 14: move by being propelled by a force.
    *   Sense 15: urge forward.
    *   Sense 16: proceed along in a vehicle. Example: "We drive the turnpike to work."
    *   Sense 17: strike with a driver (golf).
    *   Sense 18: hit very hard (bat).
    *   Sense 19: excavate horizontally.
    *   Sense 20: cause to function by supplying force.
    *   Sense 21: hunting: search for game.
    *   Sense 22: hunting: chase from cover.

    *   The sentence is "who drive every Sunday from church to church".
    *   This describes the act of traveling from one place to another using a vehicle.
    *   Sense 2: "travel or be transported in a vehicle" (Example: "We drove to the university every morning"). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 16: "proceed along in a vehicle" (Example: "We drive the turnpike to work"). This usually refers to the route taken (the turnpike).
    *   Sense 1: "operate or control a vehicle". While they are operating a vehicle, the focus here is on the travel from church to church.

    *   Sense 2 is the most general and accurate description of traveling from point A to point B in a vehicle.

    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
    *   Sense 2: "travel or be transported in a vehicle"
    *   Example for Sense 2: "We drove to the university every morning."
    *   This matches the usage in the text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sunday
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every <t>Sunday</t> from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sunday`
    *   Target surface form: `Sunday`
    *   Context: "...who drive every <t>Sunday</t> from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sunday%1:28:00::`: first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians.
        2.  `sunday%1:18:00::`: United States evangelist (1862-1935).

    *   The sentence describes people driving "every Sunday" to ring bells in churches.
    *   This clearly refers to the day of the week, not the evangelist Billy Sunday.

    *   Sense 1: Day of the week. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: Billy Sunday (evangelist). (Does not match)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from <t>church</t> to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:14:00::`: Group of Christians (denomination).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: Place for public worship (building).
        3.  `church%1:04:00::`: Service conducted in a house of worship (event).
        4.  `church%1:14:01::`: Body of people who attend a local church (congregation).

    *   The phrase is "drive every Sunday from church to church".
    *   The goal of the driving is "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia".
    *   Belfries are parts of church buildings.
    *   One drives to a physical location (a building), not to a denomination, a service (though the service is the reason), or a group of people.
    *   "From church to church" in the context of driving to ring bells in belfries strongly indicates the physical buildings.

    *   Sense 1: Denomination (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 2: Building (Correct - "drive... from church to church" to reach "belfries").
    *   Sense 3: Service (Incorrect - while they ring for services, they drive to the buildings).
    *   Sense 4: Congregation (Incorrect).

    *   The target word "church" refers to the physical building where the bells are located.
    *   Sense 2 is "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" / "church building".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to <t>church</t> in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to <t>church</t> in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:14:00::`: group of Christians (denomination).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: place for public worship (building).
        3.  `church%1:04:00::`: service conducted in a house of worship (event).
        4.  `church%1:14:01::`: body of people who attend a local church (congregation).

    *   The phrase is "drive every Sunday from church to church".
    *   The goal of the driving is "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia".
    *   Belfries are parts of church buildings.
    *   One drives to a physical location (a building).

    *   Sense 1 (denomination): Doesn't fit. You don't drive from one denomination to another to ring bells in belfries.
    *   Sense 2 (building): Fits perfectly. Driving from one church building to another to ring the bells.
    *   Sense 3 (service): While they are ringing for services, the act of driving "from church to church" refers to the locations they are visiting.
    *   Sense 4 (congregation): Doesn't fit. You don't drive from one group of people to another group of people in the context of visiting belfries.

    *   The context "drive every Sunday from church to church" clearly indicates physical locations (buildings).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effort
Target surface form: effort
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting <t>effort</t> to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effort%1:04:00:: | definition=earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something | synonyms=attempt, endeavor, endeavour, try | examples=made an effort to cover all the reading material; wished him luck in his endeavor
2. sense_key=effort%1:04:01:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion
3. sense_key=effort%1:04:02:: | definition=a notable achievement | synonyms=feat, exploit | examples=he performed a great feat; the book was her finest effort
4. sense_key=effort%1:04:03:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `effort`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Target surface form: `effort`

    *   Sense 1: `earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something` (Synonyms: attempt, endeavor, try).
    *   Sense 2: `use of physical or mental energy; hard work` (Synonyms: elbow grease, exertion, travail, sweat).
    *   Sense 3: `a notable achievement` (Synonyms: feat, exploit).
    *   Sense 4: `a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end` (Synonyms: campaign, cause, crusade, drive, movement).

    *   The context describes a group of ringers driving from church to church every Sunday to keep the bells sounding.
    *   The phrase is "sometimes-exhausting effort".
    *   Is it a "notable achievement" (Sense 3)? No, it's an ongoing activity.
    *   Is it "use of physical or mental energy" (Sense 2)? While it is exhausting, the "effort" here refers to the overall *undertaking* or *endeavor* to keep the bells sounding, rather than just the physical exertion itself.
    *   Is it a "series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end" (Sense 4)? This sounds like a campaign or a movement. While it's a collective action, "effort" here feels more like a specific endeavor.
    *   Is it "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something" (Sense 1)? Yes, the goal is "to keep the bells sounding". This fits the definition of an endeavor or attempt.

    *   Sense 1 (endeavor/attempt) vs. Sense 4 (campaign/drive).
    *   "a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding"
    *   Sense 1: "earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something"
    *   Sense 4: "a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end"
    *   The activity of driving from church to church to ring bells is an endeavor (Sense 1). While it could be seen as a "drive" (Sense 4), "effort" in the sense of "endeavor" is a more natural fit for a small group's dedicated activity.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "use of physical or mental energy; hard work". The word "exhausting" strongly modifies "effort". If the effort is exhausting, it refers to the exertion. However, "effort to [do something]" usually points to Sense 1 (endeavor).
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "It took a lot of effort to move the couch" (Sense 2 - exertion).
        *   "They made a concerted effort to improve the school" (Sense 1 - endeavor).
        *   "The war effort" (Sense 4 - campaign).
    *   In the sentence "...in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding...", the structure "effort to [verb]" strongly aligns with Sense 1 (endeavor/attempt).

    *   Sense 1: earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something. (Fits well: the activity of driving and ringing to keep the bells sounding).
    *   Sense 2: use of physical or mental energy. (The *exhausting* part refers to this, but the *effort to keep the bells sounding* refers to the endeavor).
    *   Sense 4: a series of actions advancing a principle. (Too large-scale; this is a small group of ringers).

    The most precise fit for "effort to [accomplish goal]" is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keep
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to <t>keep</t> the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "keep"
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to <t>keep</t> the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are making an effort to ensure that the bells continue to be rung (sounding).

    *   1: keep in a certain state, position, or activity (maintain, hold). Example: "keep clean".
    *   2: continue a certain state, condition, or activity (continue, go on). Example: "Keep on working!".
    *   3: retain possession of.
    *   4: stop (someone or something) from doing something (prevent).
    *   5: conform one's action or practice to (observe).
    *   6: stick to correctly or closely (observe, maintain).
    *   7: look after; be the keeper of.
    *   8: maintain by writing regular records.
    *   9: supply with room and board.
    *   10: allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature.
    *   11: supply with necessities and support.
    *   12: fail to spoil or rot.
    *   13: behave as expected during holidays or rites.
    *   14: keep under control.
    *   15: maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger.
    *   16: raise (animals).
    *   17: retain rights to.
    *   18: store or keep customarily.
    *   19: have as a supply.
    *   20: maintain for use and service.
    *   21: hold and prevent from leaving.
    *   22: prevent (food) from rotting.

    *   The phrase is "keep the bells sounding".
    *   This means maintaining the state of the bells sounding (i.e., ensuring they continue to be rung).
    *   Sense 1: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., keep clean; hold in place".
    *   Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity". (Usually used as "keep on [verb]-ing" or "keep [verb]-ing", but here it's "keep [object] [verb]-ing").
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "keep in a certain state... maintain". "Keep the bells sounding" fits "keep [object] in a certain state [sounding]".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "continue a certain state...". This is often intransitive or used with a gerund ("keep working").
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "keep [something] [state/activity]" (e.g., keep the room clean, keep the bells sounding).
        *   Sense 2: "keep [doing something]" (e.g., keep working).
    *   In "keep the bells sounding", "the bells" is the object and "sounding" is the state/activity they are being kept in. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., keep clean; hold in place".
    *   Context: "keep the bells sounding".
    *   "Sounding" is the activity/state. "The bells" is the object.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the <t>bells</t> sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614... keep the <t>bells</t> sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Key phrases: "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to", "sounded here in 1614", "peal of bells", "churches in Britain with sets of bells", "band of ringers", "belfries".

    *   1: `bell%1:06:00::` - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. (Fits perfectly: church bells in a belfry, pulled by ropes).
    *   2: `bell%1:06:02::` - a push button at an outer door (doorbell). (Incorrect).
    *   3: `bell%1:11:00::` - the sound of a bell being struck. (The context refers to the physical objects attached to ropes and located in belfries, not just the sound).
    *   4: `bell%1:28:00::` - nautical time units. (Incorrect).
    *   5: `bell%1:25:00::` - the shape of a bell. (Incorrect).
    *   6, 7, 8: People named Bell. (Incorrect).
    *   9: `bell%1:06:04::` - percussion instrument (orchestral). (While church bells are percussion, this sense specifically refers to the orchestral instrument/chimes).
    *   10: `bell%1:06:03::` - flared opening of a tubular device. (Incorrect).

    *   The context describes physical objects in a church tower (belfry) that are pulled by ropes to make sound. This is the classic definition of a bell as a hollow metal device.
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of a church bell.

    *   Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" -> Matches "ropes attached to the same five bells", "belfries".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sounding
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells <t>sounding</t> in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%2:39:06:: | definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
2. sense_key=sound%2:39:00:: | definition=make a certain noise or sound | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
3. sense_key=sound%2:39:03:: | definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
4. sense_key=sound%2:39:02:: | definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
5. sense_key=sound%2:32:00:: | definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords | synonyms=voice, vocalize, vocalise
6. sense_key=sound%2:39:01:: | definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell; sound a certain note
7. sense_key=sound%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line | synonyms=fathom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sound`
    *   Target surface form: `sounding`
    *   Context: "...who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells <t>sounding</t> in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are trying to ensure that the bells continue to make noise/be rung.

    *   Sense 1: `appear in a certain way` (e.g., "This sounds interesting") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound` (e.g., "The gun went 'bang'") - This describes the act of making a sound.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds` (e.g., "This record sounds scratchy") - This describes the quality of the sound produced.
    *   Sense 4: `announce by means of a sound` (e.g., "sound the alarm") - This is about the purpose of the sound.
    *   Sense 5: `utter with vibrating vocal chords` - Incorrect (bells don't have vocal chords).
    *   Sense 6: `cause to sound` (e.g., "sound the bell") - This is the transitive use (someone sounds the bell).
    *   Sense 7: `measure the depth of (a body of water)` - Incorrect.

    *   The phrase is "keep the bells sounding".
    *   In this construction ("keep [object] [verb-ing]"), "sounding" describes the state of the bells.
    *   Are the bells "making a noise" (Sense 2) or "giving off a sound" (Sense 3)?
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "make a certain noise or sound". Example: "The gun went 'bang'".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "give off a certain sound or sounds". Example: "This record sounds scratchy".
    *   Actually, "keep the bells sounding" means to keep them in a state where they are producing sound.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 2 is often used for the *act* of making a noise (often with "go").
    *   Sense 3 is often used for the *quality* of the sound.
    *   However, "sounding" in "keep the bells sounding" is more about the general production of sound.
    *   Let's look at Sense 6: `cause to sound`. "Sound the bell". If the bells are "sounding", they are being "caused to sound" or are "making a sound".
    *   Wait, "keep the bells sounding" means to ensure they continue to be rung (caused to sound).
    *   But "sounding" here is an adjective/participle describing the bells.
    *   If I say "the bells are sounding", it usually means they are making noise.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   Actually, looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 2: "The gun went 'bang'" (The gun made a sound).
        *   Sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy" (The record gives off a scratchy sound).
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" means to keep them making noise.
    *   Is there a better sense?
    *   Sense 6 is "cause to sound". "Sound the bell".
    *   If the bells are "sounding", they are producing sound.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally).
    *   `sound` (verb)
        *   `sound` (make a noise)
        *   `sound` (appear/seem)
        *   `sound` (measure depth)
    *   In "keep the bells sounding", "sounding" is the present participle of "sound".
    *   Does "sound" here mean "to make a sound" (intransitive)?
    *   Yes. "The bells sound" = "The bells make a sound".
    *   Which sense is "make a sound" (intransitive)?
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 2: "She went 'Mmmmm'; The gun went 'bang'". (This is the "go" sense).
    *   Sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy". (This is the "give off a sound" sense).
    *   Wait, "This record sounds scratchy" is often interpreted as "seems" or "appears", but the definition says "give off a certain sound".
    *   Actually, "This sounds interesting" is Sense 1 (appear).
    *   "This record sounds scratchy" (Sense 3) is about the auditory quality.
    *   "The bells sounding" is about the bells producing sound.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   If the bells are "sounding", they are making a noise.
    *   Let's check if "sound" as in "the bells sound" fits Sense 2 or 3 better.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   These are very similar. Let's look at the synonyms.
    *   Sense 2 synonym: `go`. ("The bell goes ding-dong").
    *   Sense 3 has no synonyms listed.
    *   In "keep the bells sounding", it means to keep them ringing/making noise.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries".
    *   This means to keep the tradition of ringing the bells alive, so that the bells continue to make sound.
    *   This is the most basic sense of "sound" (to produce sound).
    *   Between 2 and 3:
        *   2: make a certain noise or sound.
        *   3: give off a certain sound or sounds.
    *   Usually, "give off" (Sense 3) is used for the quality (scratchy, loud, etc.).
    *   "Make a noise" (Sense 2) is the act of producing the sound.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" = keep them making noise.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 6: `cause to sound`. "Sound the bell".
    *   If the bells are "sounding", they are being "sounded" (caused to sound).
    *   But "sounding" is the active form. "The bells are sounding" (they are making noise).
    *   If it were "keep the bells sounded", that would be different.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" -> "sounding" is an adjective/participle.
    *   If I say "the bells are sounding", I mean they are ringing.
    *   Ringing is "making a sound".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "make a certain noise or sound".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    *   Actually, in many WordNet versions, "sound" (intransitive) as in "the bell sounds" is "make a sound".
    *   Let's double-check Sense 2 and 3.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound` (synonym: `go`).
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   Example for 3: "This record sounds scratchy".
    *   Example for 2: "The gun went 'bang'".
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" is more like "keep the bells making noise".
    *   This fits Sense 2 better than Sense 3 (which is about the quality of the sound).

    *   Wait, let me think about Sense 6 again. `cause to sound`.
    *   "Sound the alarm", "sound the bell".
    *   If the ringers "keep the bells sounding", they are keeping them in the state of being sounded.
    *   But "sounding" is the present participle.
    *   "The bells are sounding" = "The bells are making noise".
    *   "The bells are being sounded" = "Someone is ringing the bells".
    *   In "keep the bells sounding", "sounding" is an intransitive use.
    *   So it's either 2 or 3.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   Looking at the examples again:
        *   Sense 2: "The gun went 'bang'". (The gun made a sound).
        *   Sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy". (The record gives off a scratchy sound).
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" means to keep them making noise.
    *   This is closer to Sense 2.

    *   Let me re-read the context one more time.
    *   "...effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
    *   This means to ensure the bells are still rung.
    *   If the bells are "sounding", they are producing sound.
    *   Is "sounding" here used as "making a sound" or "being sounded"?
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" is a common idiom meaning to keep them ringing.
    *   If "sound" means "to ring" (intransitive), then Sense 2 ("make a certain noise or sound") is the best fit.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 3 again. "give off a certain sound or sounds".
    *   "This record sounds scratchy."
    *   This is a linking verb usage (The record is scratchy).
    *   Wait, "This record sounds scratchy" is a copular use of "sound".
    *   Sense 1: "This sounds interesting" (appear in a certain way).
    *   Sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy" (give off a certain sound).
    *   Is there a difference between "appear in a certain way" and "give off a certain sound"?
    *   Yes, "interesting" is an abstract quality, "scratchy" is an auditory quality.
    *   But "keep the bells sounding" is not a copular use. It's not "keep the bells sounding [adjective]".
    *   It's "keep the bells [sounding]".
    *   This means the bells are performing the action of sounding.
    *   The action of sounding is "making a noise".
    *   That is Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 6 again. `cause to sound`.
    *   If "sound" is used transitively, it means "to cause to make a sound".
    *   "Sound the bell".
    *   Could "sounding" be a passive-like use? "Keep the bells [being] sounding"? No.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" means "keep the bells [in the state of] sounding".
    *   And "sounding" (intransitive) means "making a sound".
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.

    *   Let's check Sense 2 and 3 one more time.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound` (synonym: `go`).
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds`.
    *   If I say "the bell sounds", I mean it makes a sound.
    *   If I say "the bell sounds loud", I mean it gives off a loud sound.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" = keep them making sound.
    *   This is Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me search for "keep the bells sounding".
    *   It means to keep them ringing.
    *   "Ringing" (for a bell) is "making a sound".
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound`.

    *   Let's just quickly check if any other sense fits.
    *   Sense 4: `announce by means of a sound`. (e.g., "sound the alarm"). This is transitive.
    *   Sense 6: `cause to sound`. (e.g., "sound the bell"). This is transitive.
    *   The target "sounding" is used as a participle describing the bells.
    *   "Keep the bells sounding" -> "The bells are sounding".
    *   "The bells are sounding" = "The bells are making a noise".
    *   This is Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2 and 3 again.
    *   Sense 2: `make a certain noise or sound` | synonyms=go | examples=She went `Mmmmm'; The gun went `bang'
    *   Sense 3: `give off a certain sound or sounds` | examples=This record sounds scratchy
    *   Actually, "This record sounds scratchy" is a very common example for the copular use of "sound" (meaning "has the sound of").
    *   "The bells sounding" is not copular.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the most likely.

    *   Let me double-check the "go" synonym.
    *   "The bell goes 'ding-dong'".
    *   "The bells are sounding".
    *   Both mean the bell is producing its characteristic sound.

    *   One last look at Sense 6: `cause to sound`.
    *   If the ringers "keep the bells sounding", they are the ones causing the bells to sound.
    *   But the word "sounding" is modifying "bells".
    *   "Keep [object] [complement]".
    *   The complement "sounding" describes the state of the bells.
    *   The state of the bells is that they are "sounding" (making noise).
    *   So the sense of "sound" being used is the intransitive one.
    *   Intransitive "sound" = "make a noise".
    *   Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `even`
    *   Target surface form: `even`
    *   Context: "To ring for <t>even</t> one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond...
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `even%4:02:00::`: used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected (e.g., "even an idiot knows that").
        2.  `even%4:02:03::`: in spite of; notwithstanding (e.g., "even when he is sick").
        3.  `even%4:02:01::`: to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons (e.g., "even worse").
        4.  `even%4:02:04::`: to the full extent (e.g., "loyal even unto death").

    *   The sentence is: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape."
    *   Here, "even" is used to emphasize that just *one* service (a small number) is difficult to achieve ("we have to scrape").
    *   This usage is an intensive, highlighting that something unexpected or surprising (the difficulty of getting just one service) is the case.

    *   Sense 1: "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected" -> Fits perfectly. "Even one service" emphasizes that even the smallest amount is hard.
    *   Sense 2: "in spite of; notwithstanding" -> Doesn't fit. (Not "In spite of one service...").
    *   Sense 3: "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" -> Doesn't fit. (No comparison like "even more").
    *   Sense 4: "to the full extent" -> Doesn't fit. (Not "even unto death").

    *   The usage "even one" is a classic example of the intensive "even" used to emphasize a minimum requirement or a surprising fact. This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `service`
    *   Target surface form: `service`
    *   Context: "To ring for even one <t>service</t> at this tower, we have to scrape..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses churches, church-goers, bells, ringers, "Sunday morning and evening service", and belfries.

    *   1: work done by one person or group that benefits another (general)
    *   2: an act of help or assistance
    *   3: the act of public worship following prescribed rules (synonyms: religious service, divine service; example: the Sunday service)
    *   4: a company or agency that performs a public service
    *   5: employment in or work for another
    *   6: a force that is a branch of the armed forces
    *   7: Robert William Service (writer)
    *   8: a means of serving (avail, help)
    *   9: tableware
    *   10: mating by male animals
    *   11: feudal tenant acts
    *   12: sports stroke (serve)
    *   13: delivering a writ or summons
    *   14: periodic maintenance on a car or machine
    *   15: performance of duties by a waiter or servant

    *   The context explicitly mentions "church-goers", "churches", "bells", "ringers", and "Sunday morning and evening service".
    *   The target word "service" refers to the event for which the bells are rung.
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 3: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" (religious service).

    *   Sense 3 is the only one that fits the religious context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this <t>tower</t>, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `tower`
    *   Target surface form: `tower`
    *   Context: The text discusses churches, bells, ringers, and belfries in East Anglia. Specifically, "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tower%1:06:00::`: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.
        2.  `tower%1:25:00::`: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (e.g., column of powder, tower of dust).
        3.  `tower%1:06:01::`: a powerful small boat (tugboat).

    *   The context mentions "churches", "bells", "ringers", and "belfries".
    *   A "belfry" is a bell tower.
    *   The speaker is talking about ringing bells "at this tower".
    *   This clearly refers to the architectural structure (the church tower/belfry).

    *   Sense 1: A structure taller than its diameter (architectural). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: A column-like shape (metaphorical or natural, like dust). This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: A boat. This does not fit.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scrape
Target surface form: scrape
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to <t>scrape</t>, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scrape%2:35:00:: | definition=scratch repeatedly | synonyms=grate | examples=The cat scraped at the armchair
2. sense_key=scrape%2:36:00:: | definition=make by scraping | examples=They scraped a letter into the stone
3. sense_key=scrape%2:35:02:: | definition=cut the surface of; wear away the surface of | synonyms=scratch, scratch up
4. sense_key=scrape%2:38:00:: | definition=bend the knees and bow in a servile manner | synonyms=kowtow, genuflect
5. sense_key=scrape%2:35:03:: | definition=gather (money or other resources) together over time | synonyms=scrape up, scratch, come up | examples=She had scraped together enough money for college; they scratched a meager living
6. sense_key=scrape%2:35:01:: | definition=bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of | synonyms=skin | examples=The boy skinned his knee when he fell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `scrape`
    *   Target surface form: `scrape`
    *   Context: "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to <t>scrape</t>," says Mr. Hammond... "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "scrape" refers to the difficulty of gathering enough people (ringers) to perform the task. It implies a struggle to find or assemble the necessary resources (in this case, human resources/people).

    *   Sense 1: scratch repeatedly (grate) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: make by scraping - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: cut the surface of; wear away the surface of - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: bend the knees and bow in a servile manner (kowtow) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: gather (money or other resources) together over time (synonyms: scrape up, scratch, come up) - This fits. "Resources" can include people. The example "scraped together enough money" is similar to "scraping together enough ringers."
    *   Sense 6: bruise, cut, or injure the skin - Not applicable.

    *   The speaker is talking about the lack of ringers ("only one local ringer remains", "they just drift away").
    *   "To ring for even one service... we have to scrape" means they have to struggle to gather enough people.
    *   Sense 5 ("gather (money or other resources) together over time") is the only one that fits the concept of struggling to assemble what is needed.

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "<t>says</t> Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker.`
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `express in words` (state, tell)
        2.  `report or maintain` (allege, aver)
        3.  `express a supposition` (suppose)
        4.  `have or contain a certain wording or form` (read)
        5.  `give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority` (order, tell, enjoin)
        6.  `speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way` (pronounce, articulate)
        7.  `communicate or express nonverbally`
        8.  `utter aloud`
        9.  `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare`
        10. `recite or repeat a fixed text`
        11. `indicate`

    *   The sentence is: `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond...`
    *   Mr. Hammond is speaking a quote. He is expressing his thoughts/situation in words.

    *   Sense 1: `express in words` (state, tell). This is the general sense of speaking or stating something.
    *   Sense 2: `report or maintain` (allege, aver). This usually implies a claim that might be disputed or a formal report.
    *   Sense 8: `utter aloud`. This focuses on the physical act of speaking.
    *   Sense 9: `state as one's opinion or judgement; declare`. This is more about making a declaration or a proposal.

    *   In the context of attributing a quote in a narrative or news-style text, "says" is most commonly used in the sense of "expressing in words" or "stating".
    *   Sense 1 (`express in words`) is the most general and fitting sense for attributing a direct quote.

    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (indirect speech) / "tell me what is bothering you".
    *   Sense 8: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office" (uttering a specific word/greeting).
    *   The context `"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond` is a statement of fact/situation. Sense 1 fits best as the general "state" or "express in words".

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell)
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver)
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 8: Sense 8 is often used for short utterances or the physical act. Sense 1 is the standard for reporting speech.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "express in words".
    Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
    Context: "To ring... we have to scrape," says Mr. Hammond.

    This is a classic attribution of a spoken statement. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: worker
Context:
But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority <t>worker</t>. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worker`
    *   Target surface form: `worker`
    *   Context: "...says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `worker%1:18:00::`: a person who works at a specific occupation.
        2.  `worker%1:18:01::`: a member of the working class (not necessarily employed).
        3.  `worker%1:05:01::`: sterile member of a colony of social insects.
        4.  `worker%1:18:02::`: a person who acts and gets things done.

    *   The phrase is "retired water-authority worker".
    *   "Water-authority" describes the place or organization where he worked.
    *   "Retired" indicates he used to have this job.
    *   This clearly refers to someone who had a specific occupation/job at the water authority.

    *   Sense 1: "a person who works at a specific occupation" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a member of the working class" - While he might be, the context specifies his specific employer/occupation ("water-authority"), making Sense 1 more precise.
    *   Sense 3: "sterile member of a colony of social insects" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "a person who acts and gets things done" - Incorrect.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: try
Target surface form: tried
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've <t>tried</t> to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=try%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=seek, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps
2. sense_key=try%2:41:01:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=test, prove, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
3. sense_key=try%2:41:06:: | definition=put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of | synonyms=judge, adjudicate | examples=The football star was tried for the murder of his wife; The judge tried both father and son in separate trials
4. sense_key=try%2:34:00:: | definition=take a sample of | synonyms=sample, try out, taste | examples=Try these new crackers; Sample the regional dishes
5. sense_key=try%2:41:05:: | definition=examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process | synonyms=hear | examples=The jury had heard all the evidence; The case will be tried in California
6. sense_key=try%2:37:01:: | definition=give pain or trouble to | examples=I've been sorely tried by these students
7. sense_key=try%2:37:00:: | definition=test the limits of | synonyms=strain, stress | examples=You are trying my patience!
8. sense_key=try%2:30:00:: | definition=melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities | synonyms=render | examples=try the yak butter; render fat in a casserole
9. sense_key=try%2:29:00:: | definition=put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice | synonyms=try on | examples=Try on this sweater to see how it looks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `try`
    *   Target surface form: `tried`
    *   Context: "We've <t>tried</t> to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away."
    *   Meaning: The speaker (Mr. Hammond) and others have made an effort to train young people to ring bells, but it hasn't been successful.

    *   Sense 1: `make an effort or attempt` (Synonyms: seek, attempt, essay, assay). Example: "He tried to shake off his fears."
    *   Sense 2: `put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to` (Synonyms: test, prove, try out, examine, essay). Example: "This approach has been tried with good results."
    *   Sense 3: `put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of` (Synonyms: judge, adjudicate). Example: "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife."
    *   Sense 4: `take a sample of` (Synonyms: sample, try out, taste). Example: "Try these new crackers."
    *   Sense 5: `examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process` (Synonyms: hear). Example: "The case will be tried in California."
    *   Sense 6: `give pain or trouble to`. Example: "I've been sorely tried by these students."
    *   Sense 7: `test the limits of` (Synonyms: strain, stress). Example: "You are trying my patience!"
    *   Sense 8: `melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities` (Synonyms: render). Example: "try the yak butter."
    *   Sense 9: `put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice` (Synonyms: try on). Example: "Try on this sweater."

    *   The context "We've tried to train the youngsters" clearly indicates an attempt or effort to achieve a goal (training the youngsters).
    *   This matches Sense 1: "make an effort or attempt".

    *   Sense 2 (test/experimental use) doesn't fit as well as Sense 1. They aren't testing the *concept* of training; they are attempting to do the training.
    *   Senses 3, 5 (legal) are irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (sample) is irrelevant.
    *   Senses 6, 7 (annoy/strain) are irrelevant.
    *   Senses 8, 9 (fat/clothing) are irrelevant.