[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `economy`
    *   Target surface form: `economy`
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `economy%1:14:00::`: the system of production and distribution and consumption (economic system)
        2.  `economy%1:09:01::`: the efficient use of resources (economy of effort)
        3.  `economy%1:07:00::`: frugality in the expenditure of money or resources (thriftiness)
        4.  `economy%1:04:00::`: an act of economizing; reduction in cost (saving)

    *   The sentence discusses immigrants being a "burden on the French economy".
    *   The context mentions "economic viewpoint", "unemployed", "foreign workers", and "burden on the French economy and on French society".
    *   This clearly refers to the national economic system (production, distribution, consumption, GDP, labor market, etc.) of France.

    *   Sense 1: "the system of production and distribution and consumption" (economic system). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "the efficient use of resources". This doesn't fit (it's not about efficiency of effort).
    *   Sense 3: "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources". This doesn't fit (it's not about being thrifty).
    *   Sense 4: "an act of economizing; reduction in cost". This doesn't fit (it's not about a specific saving).

    *   The target word "economy" in "French economy" refers to the economic system of France.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `society`
    *   Target surface form: `society`
    *   Context: "...Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `society%1:14:00`: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization (e.g., a nation, a community).
        2.  `society%1:14:01`: a formal association of people with similar interests (e.g., a club).
        3.  `society%1:26:00`: the state of being with someone (e.g., company).
        4.  `society%1:14:02`: the fashionable elite (e.g., high society).

    *   The sentence discusses immigrants as a burden on the "French economy and on French society."
    *   "French society" refers to the overall social structure, people, and cultural organization of France.
    *   It is not referring to a specific club (sense 2), the act of being with someone (sense 3), or the high-society elite (sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Fits perfectly. "French society" = the people and organization of France.
    *   Sense 2: Incorrect. Not a club.
    *   Sense 3: Incorrect. Not companionship.
    *   Sense 4: Incorrect. Not just the elite.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `difference`
    *   Context: "The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses consensus between the Left and Right on immigration (both see it as a burden). It states that the only thing that distinguishes them is the "degree of generosity."

    *   Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" (e.g., differences between jazz and rock).
    *   Sense 2: "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" (e.g., deviation from the mean).
    *   Sense 3: "a disagreement or argument about something important" (e.g., dispute, difference of opinion).
    *   Sense 4: "a significant change" (e.g., the difference in her is amazing).
    *   Sense 5: "the number that remains after subtraction" (mathematical).

    *   The text says "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity."
    *   This means the only *distinguishing feature* or *point of dissimilarity* between the Left and the Right in this specific context is the degree of generosity.
    *   It is not a "disagreement" (Sense 3) in the sense of a fight or dispute, but rather a point of contrast.
    *   It is not a "deviation from a norm" (Sense 2).
    *   It is not a "significant change" (Sense 4).
    *   It is not a mathematical subtraction (Sense 5).
    *   It fits Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar." The Left and Right are similar in many ways (consensus), but they are *unlike* in one specific way (the degree of generosity).

    *   Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" -> Fits perfectly. The "difference" is the point where they are not the same.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `degree`
    *   Target surface form: `degree`
    *   Context: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `degree%1:07:00::`: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (synonyms: grade, level).
        2.  `degree%1:26:01::`: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (synonyms: level, stage, point).
        3.  `degree%1:10:00::`: academic degree.
        4.  `degree%1:23:00::`: measure for arcs and angles.
        5.  `degree%1:09:00::`: highest power of a term or variable.
        6.  `degree%1:23:03::`: unit of temperature.
        7.  `degree%1:07:01::`: seriousness of something (e.g., burn or crime).

    *   The sentence is "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   "Degree of generosity" refers to *how much* generosity is granted. This is a measure of intensity, amount, or quality of the generosity.

    *   Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (synonyms: grade, level). Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (synonyms: level, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness". Wait, "degree of frankness" is very similar to "degree of generosity". Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 2 more closely.

    *   Sense 1: `degree%1:07:00::` - "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Sense 2: `degree%1:26:01::` - "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".

    Looking at WordNet (or the provided glosses):
    Sense 1 focuses on the *scale* of intensity/amount/quality.
    Sense 2 focuses on a *specific position* in a continuum/series/process.

    "Degree of generosity" describes the *amount* or *intensity* of the generosity.

    Let's re-examine the examples:
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence" (amount/quality).
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness" (amount/intensity).

    Wait, "degree of frankness" (Sense 2) is almost identical in usage to "degree of generosity". Let me look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 1: grade, level.
    Sense 2: level, stage, point.

    Actually, in many WordNet versions, `degree%1:07:00` is the general sense of "extent" or "amount".
    Let's look at the provided glosses again.
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    "Generosity" is a quality. The "degree of generosity" is the amount or intensity of that quality. This aligns better with Sense 1 ("position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality").

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". This sounds more like a "stage" (e.g., "at what stage are the social sciences?").

    Comparing "degree of frankness" (Sense 2 example) and "degree of generosity":
    If "degree of frankness" is Sense 2, then "degree of generosity" should be Sense 2.
    But "degree of frankness" also fits Sense 1 ("position on a scale of intensity").

    Let's re-read the glosses carefully.
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    "Generosity" isn't really a "process" or a "series". It's a quality. Therefore, Sense 1 is a better fit.

    Wait, let me look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence"
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness"

    If "degree of frankness" is the example for Sense 2, and "degree of generosity" is structurally identical to "degree of frankness", then Sense 2 is the intended answer.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    Is "frankness" a continuum? Yes. Is "generosity" a continuum? Yes.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    Is "generosity" a quality? Yes.

    This is a very fine distinction. Let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 1: grade, level.
    Sense 2: level, stage, point.

    In the context "the degree of generosity", we are talking about *how much* generosity. This is usually "extent" or "amount".

    Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally).
    `degree%1:07:00` (intensity/amount/quality)
    `degree%1:26:01` (position in a continuum/series/process)

    Actually, "degree of frankness" (Sense 2 example) is often used to mean "the extent to which someone is frank". "Degree of generosity" is "the extent to which someone is generous".

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence"
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness"

    If the provided example for Sense 2 is "a remarkable degree of frankness", and the target is "the degree of generosity", the pattern match is very strong for Sense 2.

    Wait, let me search for these specific WordNet glosses.
    Sense 1: `degree%1:07:00` - "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: `degree%1:26:01` - "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    Actually, looking at the examples again:
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence"
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness"

    "Frankness" and "generosity" are both abstract qualities. "Intelligence" is also an abstract quality.
    Why is "intelligence" in Sense 1 and "frankness" in Sense 2?
    "Moderate grade of intelligence" -> Sense 1.
    "Remarkable degree of frankness" -> Sense 2.

    Wait, "grade" is a synonym for Sense 1. "Level" is a synonym for both.
    "Stage" and "point" are synonyms for Sense 2.

    Let's look at the context again: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity".
    This is talking about the *amount* of generosity.

    If I have to choose between 1 and 2:
    Sense 1: position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality.
    Sense 2: position in a continuum/series/process.

    "Generosity" is a quality. "Degree of generosity" is the amount of that quality. This fits Sense 1 perfectly.
    Why is "degree of frankness" under Sense 2? Maybe because frankness is seen as a continuum? But generosity is also a continuum.

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    "The degree of generosity" isn't necessarily a *specific identifiable position* (like "the third degree" or "the final stage"), but rather the *amount* of it.

    Wait, "a remarkable degree of frankness" (Sense 2 example) *is* a specific position (a "remarkable" one).
    "The degree of generosity" (target) is more general.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    This seems more general and fits "the degree of generosity" well.

    Let's double-check the examples one more time.
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence"
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness"

    If "degree of frankness" is Sense 2, then "degree of generosity" is almost certainly Sense 2. The structure "a [adjective] degree of [abstract noun]" is exactly what Sense 2's example shows.

    Wait, the target is "the degree of generosity" (no adjective).
    "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity".

    Let's think about "degree" as "extent".
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    If you say "to a certain degree" or "the degree of...", you usually mean the extent.
    Looking at WordNet 3.0:
    `degree%1:07:00` is often used for "extent".
    `degree%1:26:01` is often used for "step" or "stage".

    Wait, the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is actually listed under `degree%1:26:01` in some versions of WordNet. Let me re-verify.
    Actually, in many versions:
    `degree%1:07:00` = "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    `degree%1:26:01` = "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    If "a remarkable degree of frankness" is the example for `degree%1:26:01`, then the "continuum" part of the definition is what's being used. Frankness exists on a continuum from not frank to very frank. Generosity also exists on a continuum.

    However, "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (Sense 1) also describes this perfectly.

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 1: grade, level.
    Sense 2: level, stage, point.

    "The degree of generosity" -> "The level of generosity". (Both 1 and 2)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The stage of generosity". (No)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The point of generosity". (No)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The grade of generosity". (No)

    This suggests Sense 1 might be better, but the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is so close to "the degree of generosity" that it's hard to ignore.

    Let's re-read:
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    "The degree of generosity" is the *amount* of generosity.
    "A remarkable degree of frankness" is a *specific position* (remarkable) on the continuum of frankness.

    In the target sentence, "the degree of generosity" is not a *specific* position, but the *variable* itself (the difference resides in the degree).

    Wait, "the difference resides in the degree of generosity" means the difference is *how much* generosity there is. This is the "amount or quality" (Sense 1).

    Let's try to find this specific WordNet sense mapping online.
    `degree%1:07:00` is often "extent".
    `degree%1:26:01` is often "step".

    If `degree%1:07:00` is "extent", then "the degree of generosity" = "the extent of generosity". This is a perfect fit.

    Let's double-check the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" again. If that is indeed the example for `degree%1:26:01`, it's very confusing. Let me re-read the provided candidate senses one more time.

    Candidate senses:
    1. `degree%1:07:00::` | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
    2. `degree%1:26:01::` | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?

    Okay, the examples are:
    Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care is required"
    Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness", "at what stage are the social sciences?"

    "A high level of care" (Sense 1) and "a remarkable degree of frankness" (Sense 2) are almost identical in meaning. This is a very tough distinction.

    Let's look at the definitions again.
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
    Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

    "The degree of generosity"
    Is it a "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"? Yes.
    Is it a "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"?
    It's not a *specific* position; it's the *measure* of the position.

    Wait, "a high level of care" (Sense 1) *is* a specific position (high).
    "A remarkable degree of frankness" (Sense 2) *is* a specific position (remarkable).

    If "a high level of care" is Sense 1 and "a remarkable degree of frankness" is Sense 2, the difference must be in "scale of intensity/amount/quality" vs "continuum/series/process".

    Care is an amount/quality.
    Frankness is a continuum?

    This is getting very pedantic. Let's step back.
    "The degree of generosity"
    Generosity is a quality.
    The "degree" is the amount of that quality.
    Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"

    This seems like the most direct fit.

    Let's re-examine Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    "The degree of generosity" doesn't fit "series" or "process". Does it fit "continuum"? Yes, but Sense 1's "scale of intensity or amount or quality" is more precise for "generosity".

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 1: grade, level.
    Sense 2: level, stage, point.

    "The degree of generosity" -> "The level of generosity". (Both)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The grade of generosity". (No)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The stage of generosity". (No)
    "The degree of generosity" -> "The point of generosity". (No)

    Wait, if "grade" doesn't fit but "level" does, and "stage/point" don't fit, then Sense 1 is more likely than Sense 2, because Sense 2's other synonyms (stage, point) are definitely wrong.

    Let's double-check Sense 1's synonyms: "grade, level".
    "The level of generosity" is a very common phrase.

    Final check:
    Context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity"
    Sense 1: position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality.
    Sense 2: specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process.

    Sense 1 is a better fit for the general "amount of a quality".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `generosity`
    *   Target surface form: `generosity`
    *   Context: The text discusses political views on immigration in France. It mentions that both the Left and Right see immigrants as a burden, but they differ in the "degree of generosity" they are willing to grant to immigrants.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `generosity%1:07:00::`: the trait of being willing to give your money or time (synonym: generousness).
        2.  `generosity%1:04:00::`: acting generously (synonym: unselfishness).

    *   The context refers to the "degree of generosity" that political parties "deign to grant to immigrants."
    *   This refers to the *trait* or *quality* of being generous (willing to provide resources, rights, or acceptance) rather than the specific *act* of acting generously in a particular instance.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *trait* (the willingness to give).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *act* (acting generously/unselfishness).

    *   "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   "Degree of generosity" strongly suggests a measurable trait or quality (Sense 1) rather than a specific action (Sense 2).
    *   In political discourse, "generosity" in this context usually refers to the willingness to be lenient, welcoming, or providing (the trait).

    *   Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" (broadly: the quality of being generous).
    *   Sense 2: "acting generously" (the behavior).
    *   The phrase "degree of generosity" fits better with a trait/quality than with the act of acting.

    *   Sense 1 is the trait.
    *   Sense 2 is the action/unselfishness.
    *   The context describes a political stance/disposition.

    *   Wait, let me re-read. "The only difference, the degree of generosity... The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Is it the *trait* of being willing to give (Sense 1) or the *act* of acting generously (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, "degree of [noun]" refers to a quality or trait.
    *   Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time".
    *   Sense 2: "acting generously".
    *   If you grant a "degree of generosity," you are granting a certain amount of the quality/trait of being generous (or the benefits resulting from it).
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (though I shouldn't rely solely on it), `generosity%1:07:00` is often the general trait, while `generosity%1:04:00` is more about the specific quality of being unselfish.
    *   In this context, "generosity" refers to the willingness to be accommodating or lenient toward immigrants. This aligns better with the "trait of being willing to give" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: trait of being willing to give.
    *   Sense 2: acting generously / unselfishness.
    *   "Degree of generosity" -> Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "program"
    *   Target surface form: "program"
    *   Context: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussion about political views on immigration (Jacques Chirac, Michel Rocard, François Hollande), the Left and the Right, electoral assets, and the French economy/society.

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (general plan).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (public program).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (political platform).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies.
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions for a computer.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context mentions François Hollande (a politician/former President of France).
    *   The sentence discusses his stance/proposal on immigration ("co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved").
    *   This refers to his political platform or the set of goals/principles he is proposing as a candidate or leader.
    *   Sense 4 specifically defines "program" as "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" and lists "platform" and "political program" as synonyms.

    *   Sense 1 is too general.
    *   Sense 2 is about public services (like a welfare program), but here it refers to the overall political stance/platform of the individual politician.
    *   Senses 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 are completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 4 is the most precise fit for a politician's "program" in the context of electoral assets and political stances.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." and "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job).
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems).
        3.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble).

    *   The text discusses immigration as a "burden" and a "problem" that needs to be "solved."
    *   It refers to a societal/political issue (immigration) that is viewed as a difficulty or a burden.

    *   Sense 2 (question raised for consideration/solution) is typically for academic or mathematical problems (homework). This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 1 (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved) and Sense 3 (a source of difficulty) are closer.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: `job` (as in "it is always a job to contact him"). This often refers to a tedious or difficult task.
        *   Sense 3: `trouble` (as in "one trouble after another delayed the job"). This refers to a source of difficulty or a problematic situation.
    *   In the context "immigration problem," immigration is being framed as the *source* of the difficulty (the burden).
    *   Comparing "state of difficulty" (Sense 1) vs "source of difficulty" (Sense 3):
        *   "Immigration problem" usually means the situation created by immigration is problematic, or immigration itself is the source of the trouble.
        *   Sense 3's synonym "trouble" fits well: "immigration trouble."
        *   Sense 1's synonym "job" does not fit at all.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (synonym: job).
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble).
    *   The context says "immigration problem" and "immigration being a burden and a problem." A "burden" is a source of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (relational/state of difficulty).
    *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (what is the source of the trouble?).
    *   "Immigration problem" fits the "source of difficulty" (Sense 3) better than a "state of difficulty" (Sense 1) in the sense of a personal struggle or a tedious job.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty (job).
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty (trouble).
    *   Immigration is the *source* of the perceived difficulty/burden.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   If someone says "the immigration problem," they are usually referring to the *situation* (the state of difficulty) or the *cause* (the source).
    *   However, the synonym "job" for Sense 1 is very specific to a certain type of "problem" (a chore).
    *   The synonym "trouble" for Sense 3 is much broader and fits "immigration problem" (immigration trouble).

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty (job).
    *   Sense 2: question (homework).
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty (trouble).
    *   "Immigration problem" = "Immigration trouble" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
    *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (source of difficulty).
    *   In "immigration problem," immigration is the modifier. The "problem" is the difficulty caused by immigration. This makes immigration the source.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   If the "problem" is "immigration," then immigration is the source.

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:26:00::`
    *   Sense 2: `problem%1:10:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:09:00::`
    *   The most fitting is Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `notion`
    *   Target surface form: `notion`
    *   Context: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `notion%1:09:02::`: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
        2.  `notion%1:09:00::`: a general inclusive concept.
        3.  `notion%1:09:01::`: an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (whim, whimsy).
        4.  `notion%1:06:00::`: small personal articles or clothing or sewing items.

    *   The sentence refers to the "notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   This "notion" is a belief or a conceptualization held by political parties (the Left and the Right) and the public.
    *   It's not a "whim" (sense 3) or "sewing items" (sense 4).
    *   It's between "a vague idea/belief/opinion" (sense 1) and "a general inclusive concept" (sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".

    *   The text says: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   This is a belief or an opinion held by political actors. It's a specific viewpoint or conceptualization of immigration.
    *   While "concept" (sense 2) could fit, "belief" or "opinion" (sense 1) fits better because the author is critiquing a specific, potentially incorrect, viewpoint ("may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly").
    *   Wait, let's look at sense 2 again: "a general inclusive concept". Is "immigration being a burden" a general inclusive concept? Not really. It's a specific belief/idea.
    *   Let's look at sense 1 again: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: belief, opinion). This fits the context of a political narrative or a widely held (but perhaps mistaken) belief.

    *   Sense 1: belief, opinion, impression.
    *   Sense 2: concept.
    *   The phrase "This notion of [X being Y]" usually refers to a belief or a conceptualization. In this context, the author is contrasting a political belief (immigration is a burden) with economic reality (positive impact). This aligns well with "belief" or "opinion".

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed"
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept"
    *   The "notion" here is the idea that immigration is a burden. This is a belief/opinion.

    *   Sense 1: belief/opinion.
    *   Sense 2: concept.
    *   In many linguistic contexts, "notion" meaning "belief" is used when the idea is being questioned or is subjective. Here, the author is questioning the economic validity of the idea.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (synonyms: belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   The context "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" is a specific belief/opinion.

    *   Sense 1: belief/opinion.
    *   Sense 2: concept.
    *   If I say "the notion of justice", that's a concept (Sense 2).
    *   If I say "the notion that the earth is flat", that's a belief (Sense 1).
    *   "The notion of immigration being a burden" is more like "the belief that immigration is a burden".

    *   Sense 1: belief/opinion.
    *   Sense 2: concept.
    *   The context is a political belief. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `burden`
    *   Target surface form: `burden`
    *   Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `burden%1:09:01::`: an onerous or difficult concern (synonyms: load, encumbrance, onus; example: burden of responsibility).
        2.  `burden%1:06:01::`: weight to be borne or conveyed (synonyms: load, loading).
        3.  `burden%1:10:00::`: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work (synonyms: effect, essence, core, gist).
        4.  `burden%1:09:00::`: the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.

    *   The text discusses immigrants being seen as a "burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   It links "burden" with "problem" and mentions it being "economically very costly."
    *   This refers to a perceived negative impact, a strain, or an onerous responsibility/cost.

    *   Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" (load, encumbrance, onus). This fits perfectly. A "burden on the economy" is an onerous concern or a strain.
    *   Sense 2: "weight to be borne or conveyed" (physical load). This is too literal.
    *   Sense 3: "central meaning or theme of a speech". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "central idea that is expanded in a document". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the metaphorical/economic use of "burden" as a strain or onerous concern.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job).
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems).
        3.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble).

    *   The text discusses immigration as a "burden" and a "problem."
    *   It mentions that "co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
    *   The context frames immigration as something that causes difficulty or is viewed as a negative issue (a "burden").

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved." (Often used for personal struggles or complex situations).
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution." (Academic or mathematical problems).
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty." (Synonym: trouble).

    *   Is it a "question raised for consideration" (Sense 2)? No, it's not a homework problem or a specific query.
    *   Is it a "state of difficulty" (Sense 1) or a "source of difficulty" (Sense 3)?
    *   The text says "immigration being a burden and a problem." A "burden" is a source of difficulty.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (e.g., "having problems" in a relationship).
        *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (e.g., "what's the problem?", "one trouble after another").
    *   In the phrase "immigration problem," immigration is the *source* of the perceived difficulty.

    *   Sense 1 often refers to the *condition* of being in trouble.
    *   Sense 3 refers to the *thing* that causes the trouble.
    *   "Immigration" is the thing causing the perceived trouble here.

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (state of difficulty).
    *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (source of difficulty).
    *   "Immigration problem" fits better as a source of difficulty (Sense 3) or a state of difficulty (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: "job". Sense 3: "trouble".
    *   "Immigration is a trouble" vs "Immigration is a job". "Trouble" fits much better.

    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" / "trouble".
    *   Context: "immigration being a burden and a problem".
    *   This aligns perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `book`
    *   Target surface form: `book`
    *   Context: "...As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus..."

    *   Sense 1: a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together). Example: "I am reading a good book on economics".
    *   Sense 2: physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together. Synonym: volume. Example: "he used a large book as a doorstop".
    *   Sense 3: a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone. Synonym: record, record book.
    *   Sense 4: a written version of a play or other dramatic composition. Synonym: script.
    *   Sense 5: a record in which commercial accounts are recorded. Synonym: ledger.
    *   Sense 6: a collection of playing cards.
    *   Sense 7: a collection of rules or prescribed standards. Synonym: rule book.
    *   Sense 8: the sacred writings of Islam (Koran).
    *   Sense 9: the sacred writings of the Christian religions (Bible).
    *   Sense 10: a major division of a long written composition.
    *   Sense 11: a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together.

    *   The context mentions a specific title ("Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future"), a publisher ("Princeton University Press"), and a page count ("352 pp.").
    *   This clearly refers to a published written work.
    *   Sense 1 describes a "written work or composition that has been published".
    *   Sense 2 describes the "physical object". While it is a physical object, the context emphasizes the content and the publication as a work of authorship.
    *   Sense 3 is about a "record" or "record book" (like a record of sports achievements).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit for a published academic work.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `immigration`
    *   Target surface form: `immigration`
    *   Context: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future...)"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `immigration%1:04:00::`: migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
        2.  `immigration%1:14:00::`: the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval

    *   The sentence is: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t>..."
    *   The book title is "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses the general phenomenon of people moving to other countries, its economic impact, and the general "knowledge of immigration".

    *   Sense 1 refers to the *process* or *phenomenon* of migration into a place.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *group of people* (the body of immigrants) arriving during a specific time.

    *   "knowledge of immigration" refers to the study of the phenomenon/process of people moving into countries, not knowledge of a specific group of people arriving in a specific interval.
    *   The surrounding text discusses "migration flows", "economic growth", and "restraining immigration", all of which point to the general process/phenomenon.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: People
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "People"
    *   Context: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        2.  the body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).
        3.  members of a family line.
        4.  the common people generally (multitude, masses).

    *   The word "People" appears in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses immigration, migration flows, and the impact of immigrants on economic growth.
    *   "Exceptional People" in this context refers to the individuals who migrate—the human beings who move from one place to another.

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This fits well. Migrants are human beings.
    *   Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country". This doesn't fit. The book is about people moving *between* states, not the citizenry of a specific state.
    *   Sense 3: "members of a family line". This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4: "the common people generally". While migrants might be "common people," the focus here is on the act of migration and the individuals doing it, not a class distinction (like "the masses" vs. "the elite").

    *   The title "Exceptional People" refers to the individuals (human beings) who migrate. Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of "people" as human beings.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: Migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `migration`
    *   Target surface form: `Migration`
    *   Context: A text discussing immigrants, the French economy, and a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `migration%1:04:00::`: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
        2.  `migration%1:14:00::`: a group of people migrating together.
        3.  `migration%1:11:01::`: (chemistry) movement of an atom or radical.
        4.  `migration%1:11:00::`: periodic passage of animals.

    *   The context is about people moving from one country to another (Polish plumbers, immigrants, French economy, "migration flows").
    *   The specific instance is in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   This clearly refers to the general phenomenon of people moving between countries/localities.

    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together" - This refers to the *group* itself, not the *process* or *phenomenon*. The context "How Migration Shaped Our World" refers to the process/phenomenon.
    *   Sense 3: Chemistry - Irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4: Animals - Irrelevant.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: Future
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "future"
    *   Target surface form: "Future"
    *   Context: "...a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `future%1:28:00::`: the time yet to come (hereafter, futurity, time to come)
        2.  `future%1:10:00::`: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future (future tense)
        3.  `future%1:06:00::`: bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

    *   The word "Future" appears in the title of a book: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The context discusses immigration, economic growth, and the impact of migration flows.
    *   "Define Our Future" refers to the time that is yet to come for the world/humanity.

    *   Sense 1: "the time yet to come" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a verb tense" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "bulk commodities" - Does not fit.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: specialist
Target surface form: specialists
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=specialist%1:18:00:: | definition=an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning | synonyms=specializer, specialiser
2. sense_key=specialist%1:18:01:: | definition=practices one branch of medicine | synonyms=medical specialist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `specialist`
    *   Target surface form: `specialists`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among <t>specialists</t> on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `specialist%1:18:00::`: an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning.
        2.  `specialist%1:18:01::`: practices one branch of medicine.

    *   The context discusses immigration, economic growth, wages, and employment.
    *   It mentions economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron.
    *   The "specialists" referred to are those who study these economic impacts (economists, sociologists, migration experts).
    *   This is clearly not referring to medical specialists.

    *   Sense 1: General expert in a branch of learning (fits economists/migration experts).
    *   Sense 2: Medical specialist (does not fit).

    *   The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive <t>impact</t> of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `impact%1:11:00::`: the striking of one body against another (Physical collision).
        2.  `impact%1:19:00::`: a forceful consequence; a strong effect (Abstract effect/influence).
        3.  `impact%1:04:00::`: influencing strongly (Impingement/encroachment).
        4.  `impact%1:04:01::`: the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat (Military shock).

    *   The sentence discusses the "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   This refers to the *effect* or *consequence* that migration has on economic indicators.
    *   It is not a physical collision (Sense 1).
    *   It is not military combat (Sense 4).
    *   It is not "impingement" or "encroachment" (Sense 3), which usually carries a negative connotation of intruding or infringing.
    *   It fits perfectly with "a forceful consequence; a strong effect" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". Example: "the book had an important impact on my thinking".
    *   Context: "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth".
    *   This matches the usage of "impact" as a synonym for "effect".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: migration
Target surface form: migration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=migration%1:04:00:: | definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. sense_key=migration%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. sense_key=migration%1:11:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. sense_key=migration%1:11:00:: | definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `migration`
    *   Target surface form: `migration`
    *   Context: The text discusses immigrants, the French economy, "Polish plumbers," and a book titled "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future." Specifically, the target phrase is "positive impact of <t>migration</t> flows on economic growth..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `migration%1:04:00::`: the movement of persons from one country or locality to another.
        2.  `migration%1:14:00::`: a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period).
        3.  `migration%1:11:01::`: (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical...
        4.  `migration%1:11:00::`: the periodic passage of groups of animals...

    *   The context is clearly about human movement between countries (immigration, immigrants, French economy, Polish plumbers).
    *   The phrase "migration flows" refers to the process/phenomenon of people moving.
    *   Sense 1 describes the *movement* of persons.
    *   Sense 2 describes a *group* of people migrating.
    *   Sense 3 is chemistry.
    *   Sense 4 is animals.

    *   "migration flows" refers to the movement of people, not a specific group of people moving together at one time.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flow
Target surface form: flows
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flow%1:11:00:: | definition=the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases) | synonyms=flowing
2. sense_key=flow%1:28:00:: | definition=the amount of fluid that flows in a given time | synonyms=flow rate, rate of flow
3. sense_key=flow%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression | synonyms=stream
4. sense_key=flow%1:22:00:: | definition=any uninterrupted stream or discharge
5. sense_key=flow%1:26:00:: | definition=something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously | synonyms=stream | examples=a stream of people emptied from the terminal; the museum had planned carefully for the flow of visitors
6. sense_key=flow%1:14:00:: | definition=dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas | synonyms=stream, current | examples=two streams of development run through American history; stream of consciousness
7. sense_key=flow%1:22:01:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, period | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `flow`
    *   Target surface form: `flows`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration <t>flows</t> on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."

    *   Sense 1: Motion characteristic of fluids (liquids/gases). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Amount of fluid that flows in a given time (flow rate). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: The act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression. (Possible, but general)
    *   Sense 4: Any uninterrupted stream or discharge. (Possible, but often refers to physical substances)
    *   Sense 5: Something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously (e.g., stream of people, flow of visitors). (Very strong candidate)
    *   Sense 6: Dominant course of successive events or ideas (e.g., stream of consciousness). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Menstruation. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is "migration flows".
    *   Migration involves the movement of people.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "a stream of people emptied from the terminal" and "the flow of visitors". This matches the concept of people moving from one place to another (migration).

    *   Sense 3 is "the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression".
    *   Sense 5 is "something that resembles a flowing stream in moving continuously" with examples of people.
    *   "Migration flows" refers to the movement of people, which fits the "stream of people" example in Sense 5 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: employment
Target surface form: employment
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=employment%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being employed or having a job | synonyms=employ | examples=they are looking for employment; he was in the employ of the city
2. sense_key=employment%1:04:00:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=work | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
3. sense_key=employment%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving someone a job | synonyms=engagement
4. sense_key=employment%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using | synonyms=use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise | examples=he warned against the use of narcotic drugs; skilled in the utilization of computers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `employment`
    *   Target surface form: `employment`
    *   Context: "...there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and <t>employment</t> in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment."

    *   Sense 1: `the state of being employed or having a job` (Synonym: employ)
    *   Sense 2: `the occupation for which you are paid` (Synonym: work)
    *   Sense 3: `the act of giving someone a job` (Synonym: engagement)
    *   Sense 4: `the act of using` (Synonyms: use, usage, utilization, utilisation, exercise)

    *   The text discusses the economic impact of migration flows on "economic growth, wages and employment".
    *   It also mentions that restraining immigration "harms employment".
    *   In this context, "employment" refers to the general level of people having jobs in a country (the state of being employed across the population).

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being employed or having a job". This fits perfectly. When economists talk about the "impact on employment," they are referring to the employment rate or the general state of people being employed.
    *   Sense 2: "the occupation for which you are paid". This refers to a specific job or profession (e.g., "What is your employment?"). This doesn't fit the macroeconomic context.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of giving someone a job". This refers to the process of hiring. While related, the context is about the overall state/level of employment in a country, not the specific act of hiring.
    *   Sense 4: "the act of using". This refers to using a tool or resource. Not applicable here.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate for the macroeconomic context of "employment" as a metric alongside "economic growth" and "wages".