[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiations
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `negotiation`
    *   Target surface form: `negotiations`
    *   Context: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate <t>negotiations</t> on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `negotiation%1:10:00::`: a discussion intended to produce an agreement (synonyms: dialogue, talks).
        2.  `negotiation%1:04:00::`: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms.

    *   The sentence is: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission..."
    *   Runge-Metzger "heads" these negotiations.
    *   The context discusses the overall process of countries trying to reach a treaty/deal on climate change (Copenhagen talks).
    *   "Heads international climate negotiations" suggests he is in charge of the *activity* or the *business* of negotiating, rather than a single specific discussion or a set of talks (though "talks" is a synonym for sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement" (singular event or a specific set of talks).
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms" (the general process or professional field).

    *   If someone "heads international climate negotiations," they are managing the ongoing process/activity of negotiating on a global scale.
    *   While "negotiations" (plural) often refers to "talks" (Sense 1), in the phrase "heads international climate negotiations," it refers to the function or the professional activity he is responsible for.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "dialogue, talks". The text mentions "the talks will produce a political deal" and "The talks took on new urgency".
    *   However, the specific phrase "heads international climate negotiations" describes a role/responsibility. One heads a department, a process, or an activity.
    *   Comparing "heads the talks" (Sense 1) vs "heads the activity of negotiating" (Sense 2).
    *   Usually, "heads [plural noun]" in a professional title context refers to the field or the ongoing business of that activity.
    *   Let's re-read: "Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission". This sounds like a job description.
    *   Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement".
    *   Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement".

    *   If it were Sense 1, it would be like "He is leading the negotiations in Copenhagen."
    *   If it were Sense 2, it would be like "He is the head of negotiations for the EU."
    *   The phrase "heads international climate negotiations" is very close to "is the head of negotiations".

    *   Sense 1 is a specific instance (a discussion).
    *   Sense 2 is the general activity/business.
    *   "International climate negotiations" as a whole (the global effort) is an activity/business.

    *   Wait, looking at the context again: "the talks will produce a political deal", "The talks took on new urgency". The text uses "talks" frequently.
    *   But the specific phrase is "heads international climate negotiations".
    *   If I say "He heads the peace negotiations," I could mean the specific talks happening now (Sense 1) or the general effort (Sense 2).
    *   However, "international climate negotiations" is a broad, ongoing professional activity.

    *   Sense 1: a discussion (singular/specific).
    *   Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating.
    *   "Heads international climate negotiations" -> He is the person in charge of the *activity* of negotiating climate agreements for the EU.

    *   Let's check if "negotiations" (plural) is more common for Sense 1. Yes, "the negotiations broke down" (Sense 1).
    *   But "He is in charge of negotiations" often refers to the function (Sense 2).

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "talks". The text uses "talks" in other places.
    *   "the talks will produce a political deal" (Sense 1)
    *   "The talks took on new urgency" (Sense 1)
    *   "heads international climate negotiations" -> This is his role.

    *   If the sense is "the activity or business of negotiating", it fits the role of a high-level official.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 again: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement".
    *   If he heads the "negotiations", is he heading a "discussion"? Or is he heading the "activity of negotiating"?
    *   Usually, you head a department or a process. "International climate negotiations" is the process/activity.

    *   Sense 1: a discussion (event).
    *   Sense 2: the activity/business (process/function).
    *   "Heads international climate negotiations" -> Process/Function.

    *   Wait, let me search for "heads negotiations".
    *   "He heads the negotiations for the treaty" (could be either).
    *   "He heads international climate negotiations" (sounds more like the general activity/function).

    *   Let's compare:
        - "The negotiations are going well." (Sense 1 - the talks)
        - "He is an expert in negotiation." (Sense 2 - the activity)
        - "He heads the negotiations." (Could be either, but in a title/role context, it's often the activity/function).

    *   Let's look at the candidate senses again.
        1. a discussion intended to produce an agreement.
        2. the activity or business of negotiating an agreement.

    *   In "heads international climate negotiations", "negotiations" is used as a mass noun or a collective for the ongoing activity.

    *   Let's try to see if Sense 1 fits better. If "negotiations" = "talks", then "heads international climate talks". That also makes sense.

    *   However, "international climate negotiations" is a very common way to refer to the overall *process* (the activity).

    *   Let's re-evaluate.
        Sense 1: a discussion (singular) / talks (plural).
        Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating.

        If the text says "the talks will produce a political deal", it's using Sense 1.
        If it says "heads international climate negotiations", it's describing his professional responsibility.

        Usually, "heads [activity]" is more common than "heads [discussion]". You lead a discussion, but you head a business or an activity.

    *   Let's check WordNet's own examples for Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days". (Specific event).

    *   "International climate negotiations" is not a single event that lasted several days; it's a global, multi-year activity.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: behalf
Target surface form: behalf
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=behalf%1:04:00:: | definition=as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as  rather than ) | examples=on behalf of; in behalf of
2. sense_key=behalf%1:07:00:: | definition=for someone's benefit (usually expressed as `in behalf' rather than `on behalf' and usually with a possessive) | examples=in your behalf; campaigning in his own behalf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `behalf`
    *   Target surface form: `behalf`
    *   Context: "...Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on <t>behalf</t> of the European Commission..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `behalf%1:04:00::`: as the agent of or on someone's part (usually expressed as "on behalf of").
        2.  `behalf%1:07:00::`: for someone's benefit (usually expressed as "in behalf" rather than "on behalf").

    *   The phrase is "on behalf of the European Commission".
    *   Artur Runge-Metzger is acting as the representative or agent of the European Commission in negotiations.
    *   Sense 1: "as the agent of or on someone's part". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "for someone's benefit". While acting for the Commission might benefit them, the primary meaning here is representation/agency. Also, the gloss explicitly notes that "on behalf of" usually corresponds to sense 1, while "in behalf of" corresponds to sense 2.

    *   The context uses "on behalf of".
    *   Sense 1 is specifically associated with "on behalf of" and means acting as an agent.
    *   Sense 2 is associated with "in behalf of" and means for someone's benefit.

    *   The correct sense is 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pressure
Target surface form: pressure
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pressure%1:19:00:: | definition=the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit) | synonyms=pressure level, force per unit area | examples=the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure
2. sense_key=pressure%1:07:00:: | definition=a force that compels | examples=the public brought pressure to bear on the government
3. sense_key=pressure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure | synonyms=press, pressing | examples=he gave the button a press; he used pressure to stop the bleeding
4. sense_key=pressure%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of demanding notice or attention | synonyms=imperativeness, insistence, insistency, press | examples=the insistence of their hunger; the press of business matters
5. sense_key=pressure%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin | synonyms=pressure sensation | examples=the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal
6. sense_key=pressure%1:26:01:: | definition=an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
7. sense_key=pressure%1:19:01:: | definition=the pressure exerted by the atmosphere | synonyms=atmospheric pressure, air pressure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pressure`
    *   Target surface form: `pressure`
    *   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political <t>pressure</t> on the entire political process,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."

    *   Sense 1: Physical force per unit area (pascals). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: A force that compels (e.g., "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"). (Strong candidate)
    *   Sense 3: The act of pressing (physical). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: The state of demanding notice or attention (insistence). (Possible, but Sense 2 is more about the *compelling* force).
    *   Sense 5: Somatic sensation (skin). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Oppressive condition of distress. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Atmospheric pressure. (Incorrect)

    *   The context says "put political pressure on the entire political process".
    *   This means the small island nations are trying to compel the political process/participants to act.
    *   Sense 2: "a force that compels" with the example "the public brought pressure to bear on the government". This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 4: "the state of demanding notice or attention". While they are demanding attention, "political pressure" usually refers to the *influence* or *compulsion* exerted to achieve a goal, which aligns better with Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2 is the standard meaning for "political pressure" (exerting influence to force a decision).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `process`
    *   Target surface form: `process`
    *   Context: "...the push by small island nations has 'put political pressure on the entire political <t>process</t>,' in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Surrounding words: "political pressure", "entire political process", "international climate negotiations", "talks", "treaty proposal".

    *   Sense 1: `a particular course of action intended to achieve a result` (synonym: procedure). Examples: obtaining a driver's license, trial and error.
    *   Sense 2: `(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity` (synonym: cognitive process). Example: thinking.
    *   Sense 3: `a writ issued by authority of law` (synonym: summons).
    *   Sense 4: `a mental process that you are not directly aware of` (synonym: unconscious process). Example: denial.
    *   Sense 5: `a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism` (synonym: outgrowth). Example: bony process.
    *   Sense 6: `a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states` (synonym: physical process). Example: calcification.

    *   The context refers to "the entire political process" in the context of international climate negotiations, talks, and treaty proposals.
    *   This describes a series of actions, negotiations, and steps taken to reach a political agreement or result.
    *   Sense 1 ("a particular course of action intended to achieve a result") fits best. It describes the procedural/methodological aspect of the political negotiations.
    *   Sense 6 ("sustained phenomenon... gradual changes") is more about natural/physical processes (like evolution or calcification).
    *   Senses 2, 3, 4, and 5 are clearly incorrect (psychology, law, biology).

    *   "Political process" usually refers to the set of activities, rules, and procedures through which political decisions are made. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `action`
    *   Target surface form: `action`
    *   Context: "...demanding <t>action</t> from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses climate change negotiations, treaties, obligations of countries (China, US, emerging economies), and the need for "bolder action" to save the planet.

    *   Sense 1: `something done (usually as opposed to something said)` - General act.
    *   Sense 2: `the state of being active` - Activity/activeness.
    *   Sense 3: `a military engagement` - Combat.
    *   Sense 4: `a process existing in or produced by nature` - Natural process.
    *   Sense 5: `the series of events that form a plot` - Story plot.
    *   Sense 6: `the trait of being active and energetic and forceful` - Personality trait.
    *   Sense 7: `the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism` - Mechanical part.
    *   Sense 8: `a judicial proceeding` - Legal action.
    *   Sense 9: `an act by a government body or supranational organization` - Official government/organizational act.
    *   Sense 10: `the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field` - Center of activity.

    *   The context is about international climate negotiations.
    *   The specific phrase is "demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   This refers to policies, laws, or measures taken by governments to curb greenhouse gases.
    *   Sense 9 specifically mentions "an act by a government body or supranational organization" and gives an example: "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action...". This fits perfectly with the context of nations (China, India) being asked to take action in a global political/environmental framework.
    *   Sense 1 is too general ("something done").
    *   Sense 2 is about the state of being active.
    *   Sense 8 is about lawsuits.

    *   Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization".
    *   Context: "demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `china`
    *   Target surface form: `China`
    *   Context: "...demanding action from emerging economies such as <t>China</t> and India."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The sentence mentions "emerging economies such as China and India."
    *   The context discusses climate change negotiations, greenhouse gases, and global political pressure.
    *   "China" is grouped with "India" as an "emerging economy."
    *   This clearly refers to the country (the People's Republic of China), not porcelain or Taiwan.

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Taiwan (Republic of China). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: urgency
Target surface form: urgency
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=urgency%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
2. sense_key=urgency%1:07:00:: | definition=pressing importance requiring speedy action | examples=the urgency of his need
3. sense_key=urgency%1:26:01:: | definition=an urgent situation calling for prompt action | examples=I'll be there, barring any urgencies; they departed hurriedly because of some great urgency in their affairs
4. sense_key=urgency%1:10:00:: | definition=insistent solicitation and entreaty | synonyms=importunity, urging | examples=his importunity left me no alternative but to agree

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "urgency"
    *   Context: "The talks took on new <t>urgency</t> as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."
    *   Meaning: The situation became more pressing; there was a greater need for speedy action because of a deadline (the arrival of heads of government).

    *   Sense 1: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity" (General state)
    *   Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Quality/characteristic of a need or situation)
    *   Sense 3: "an urgent situation calling for prompt action" (A specific event or circumstance)
    *   Sense 4: "insistent solicitation and entreaty" (The act of urging/importuning)

    *   The sentence says "The talks took on new urgency".
    *   This means the *nature* of the talks changed to become more pressing.
    *   Is it a "state of being urgent" (Sense 1), "pressing importance" (Sense 2), or "an urgent situation" (Sense 3)?
    *   "Took on new urgency" is a common idiom meaning the situation became more pressing.
    *   Sense 2 ("pressing importance requiring speedy action") fits well because the talks now have a higher level of importance that requires speed.
    *   Sense 3 ("an urgent situation") usually refers to a specific emergency (e.g., "barring any urgencies"). The talks themselves aren't "an urgency" in the sense of a single emergency event, but rather they have acquired the *quality* of urgency.
    *   Sense 1 ("the state of being urgent") is very similar to Sense 2. Let's compare.
    *   Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action". Example: "the urgency of his need".
    *   Sense 1: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".
    *   In "The talks took on new urgency", "urgency" describes the quality of the situation.
    *   Looking at WordNet's structure (if I recall), Sense 2 often refers to the *quality* of being urgent, while Sense 3 refers to the *instance* of an urgent matter.
    *   "Took on new urgency" $\rightarrow$ The talks became more urgent. This aligns best with the quality of pressing importance (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: State of being urgent.
    *   Sense 2: Pressing importance requiring speedy action.
    *   Sense 3: An urgent situation.
    *   Sense 4: Insistent solicitation.

    Comparing 1 and 2: Sense 2 is more specific about "speedy action," which fits the context of "resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive."

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "pressing importance requiring speedy action".
    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity".

    Actually, "took on new urgency" usually means the situation became more pressing.
    If I say "The matter has gained urgency," I mean it now requires more immediate attention. This is "pressing importance requiring speedy action."

    Let's double-check Sense 3: "an urgent situation calling for prompt action". "The talks took on new [urgent situation]" doesn't make grammatical sense. "The talks took on new [pressing importance]" makes sense.

    Between 1 and 2:
    Sense 1: "the state of being urgent"
    Sense 2: "pressing importance requiring speedy action"
    Sense 2 is a more precise description of the "urgency" felt in a deadline-driven negotiation.

    *Self-Correction:* Let's re-read the senses.
    1. urgency%1:26:00 (state of being urgent)
    2. urgency%1:07:00 (pressing importance)
    3. urgency%1:26:01 (an urgent situation)
    4. urgency%1:10:00 (insistent solicitation)

    In the phrase "took on new urgency", "urgency" is an uncountable noun referring to the quality of the situation. Sense 2 ("pressing importance") fits this perfectly.

    *Wait*, let me look at Sense 1 again. "the state of being urgent". This is almost identical. However, "pressing importance requiring speedy action" (Sense 2) captures the "speedy action" part which is explicitly mentioned in the context ("resolve... before the heads of government arrive").

    Let's check common usage. "The situation took on a new urgency."
    Sense 2: "the urgency of his need" (The need is pressing).
    Sense 1: "the state of being urgent".

    Actually, looking at WordNet's hierarchy:
    urgency%1:07:00 is under "importance".
    urgency%1:26:00 is under "state".

    "The talks took on new urgency" means they became more important/pressing. Sense 2 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fact`
    *   Target surface form: `fact`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the <t>fact</t> that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

    *   Sense 1: `fact%1:09:01::` - a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred. (Example: "collect all the facts of the case")
    *   Sense 2: `fact%1:10:01::` - a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened. (Example: "supported his argument with an impressive array of facts")
    *   Sense 3: `fact%1:26:01::` - an event known to have happened or something known to have existed. (Example: "your fears have no basis in fact")
    *   Sense 4: `fact%1:09:02::` - a concept whose truth can be proved. (Example: "scientific hypotheses are not facts")

    *   The phrase is "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues".
    *   Here, "fact" refers to the reality or the existing circumstance that they must resolve the issues.
    *   It's not a "piece of information" (Sense 1) in the sense of a data point.
    *   It's not a "statement or assertion" (Sense 2) - the "fact" is the situation itself, not the sentence stating it.
    *   It's not a "concept whose truth can be proved" (Sense 4) in a scientific or logical sense.
    *   Sense 3 ("something known to have existed" or "an event known to have happened") is often used for "the fact that..." constructions where it refers to a reality or a state of affairs.

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

    Wait, let's look at "the fact that...". This is a common nominalization of a clause.
    "The fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues" = The reality/circumstance that they must resolve...

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3 again:
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "something known to have existed" (or an event known to have happened)

    Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage:
    Sense 1 (fact%1:09:01) is often used for a specific detail or piece of data.
    Sense 3 (fact%1:26:01) is often used for the general concept of reality vs fiction ("basis in fact").

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1. "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    The "fact" here is the circumstance that they must resolve the issues.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "collect all the facts of the case" (details)
    Sense 2: "array of facts" (statements/assertions)
    Sense 3: "basis in fact" (reality)
    Sense 4: "scientific hypotheses are not facts" (provable concepts)

    In "the fact that [clause]", "fact" usually refers to the reality of the situation described in the clause.
    Is "the reality of the situation" closer to "a piece of information about circumstances that exist" (Sense 1) or "something known to have existed" (Sense 3)?

    Actually, in many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "the fact that..." is often mapped to the sense of "a piece of information" or "reality".

    Let's check Sense 1 again: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    The circumstance is "they must resolve most of the outstanding issues". The "fact" is the information/reality of this circumstance.

    Let's check Sense 3 again: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed".
    The "must resolve" part is a current necessity/requirement, not necessarily an "event that happened" or "something that existed" in the past.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "a piece of information about circumstances that exist". This fits well. The circumstance is the deadline/requirement.

    Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 1: piece of information about circumstances.
    Sense 2: statement/assertion.
    Sense 3: event/something known to have existed.
    Sense 4: provable concept.

    "The fact that they must resolve..."
    This is a state of affairs.
    Sense 1: "circumstances that exist".
    Sense 3: "something known to have existed".

    Sense 1 seems more appropriate for a current state of affairs ("circumstances that exist").

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed". This sounds more like a historical fact or a concrete occurrence.
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist". This is broader and covers current realities.

    Wait, let me search for "the fact that" in WordNet-based corpora.
    Often, "the fact that" is associated with the sense of "reality" or "a piece of information".

    Let's look at the options again.
    1. piece of information about circumstances that exist
    2. statement or assertion
    3. event known to have happened or something known to have existed
    4. concept whose truth can be proved

    The "fact" here is the reality that they are under a time constraint. This is a circumstance that exists.

    Is it a "piece of information"? Yes, in the sense that it's a known detail of the situation.
    Is it an "event known to have happened"? No.
    Is it "something known to have existed"? It exists now.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the strongest candidate.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 3 again. "your fears have no basis in fact". Here "fact" means "reality".
    "The fact that they must resolve..." -> "The reality that they must resolve..."
    Is "reality" closer to Sense 1 or Sense 3?
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "something known to have existed"

    Actually, Sense 1's "circumstances that exist" is a very good match for the current situation.

    Let's try to see if "the fact that" usually maps to 1 or 3.
    In many cases, "the fact that" is used as a filler or to introduce a clause. But linguistically, it refers to the truth of the proposition.
    Proposition: "they must resolve most of the outstanding issues".
    The "fact" is that this proposition is true.
    Truth of a proposition = a piece of information about circumstances that exist.

    Let's compare:
    "The fact that the earth is round" -> Sense 1 (information about circumstances) or Sense 4 (provable concept)? Usually Sense 1.
    "The fact that he died" -> Sense 3 (event known to have happened).

    In our case: "the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues".
    This is a current necessity/circumstance.
    Sense 1: "circumstances that exist".

    Final check:
    Sense 1: piece of information about circumstances that exist.
    Sense 2: statement/assertion.
    Sense 3: event/something known to have existed.
    Sense 4: provable concept.

    The context is a current situation (the talks in Copenhagen). The "fact" is the existing pressure/deadline. This fits "circumstances that exist" (Sense 1) better than "event known to have happened" (Sense 3).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `issue`
    *   Target surface form: `issues`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding <t>issues</t> before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal."

    *   The context describes international climate negotiations (Copenhagen).
    *   Delegates are trying to "resolve" "outstanding issues" to "strike a deal."
    *   This implies that "issues" refers to points of disagreement, questions in dispute, or matters that need to be settled to reach an agreement.

    *   Sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" (Examples: "the issue could be settled...", "politicians never discuss the real issues").
    *   Sense 2: "one of a series published periodically" (e.g., magazine issue).
    *   Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" (synonyms: topic, subject, matter).
    *   Sense 4: "the act of providing an item for general use..." (e.g., stamps).
    *   Sense 5: "supplies... issued by the government".
    *   Sense 6: "the income or profit arising from such transactions...".
    *   Sense 7: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (synonyms: consequence, effect).
    *   Sense 8: "the immediate descendants of a person" (synonyms: offspring).
    *   Sense 9: "the becoming visible" (synonyms: emergence).
    *   Sense 10: "an opening that permits escape or release" (synonyms: exit).
    *   Sense 11: "the act of issuing printed materials".

    *   The context mentions "resolve most of the outstanding issues" in the context of a political negotiation to "strike a deal."
    *   Sense 1 ("an important question that is in dispute and must be settled") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 ("some situation or event that is thought about") is too general. "Resolve" strongly points toward a dispute or a question needing a settlement.

    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit for "outstanding issues" that need to be "resolved" in a negotiation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "...delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a <t>deal</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses international climate negotiations, a "legally binding treaty," "political deal," "international climate negotiations," and "resolving outstanding issues."

    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02::` - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00::` - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: `deal%1:23:00::` - a large number or amount or extent (batch, flock, good deal).
    *   Sense 4: `deal%1:27:00::` - a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: `deal%1:27:01::` - wood that is easy to saw.
    *   Sense 6: `deal%1:14:00::` - the cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 7: `deal%1:11:00::` - the type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: `deal%1:04:00::` - the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: `deal%1:04:01::` - the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The phrase "strike a deal" in the context of government heads resolving outstanding issues in climate negotiations clearly refers to reaching an agreement.
    *   Sense 2 ("an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is specifically about buying/selling (commercial), whereas this is a political/diplomatic agreement.
    *   Sense 7 is about treatment received.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level <t>officials</t> such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `official`
    *   Target surface form: `officials`
    *   Context: "High-level <t>officials</t> such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).
        2.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.

    *   The context mentions "Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh" and "the Chinese vice minister".
    *   These are government positions (offices).
    *   They are participating in international climate negotiations.
    *   They are not referees or sports officials.

    *   Sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" fits perfectly (government ministers).
    *   Sense 2: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" does not fit.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minister
Target surface form: minister
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice <t>minister</t> stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minister%1:18:00:: | definition=a person authorized to conduct religious worship | synonyms=curate, minister of religion, parson, pastor, rector | examples=clergymen are usually called ministers in Protestant churches
2. sense_key=minister%1:18:02:: | definition=a person appointed to a high office in the government | synonyms=government minister | examples=Minister of Finance
3. sense_key=minister%1:18:01:: | definition=a diplomat representing one government to another; ranks below ambassador | synonyms=diplomatic minister
4. sense_key=minister%1:04:00:: | definition=the job of a head of a government department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `minister`
    *   Target surface form: `minister`
    *   Context: "...High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice <t>minister</t> stepped off planes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Religious leader (curate, pastor).
        2.  High government office (government minister, e.g., Minister of Finance).
        3.  Diplomat (below ambassador).
        4.  The job/office itself (head of a government department).

    *   The context mentions "Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh" and "the Chinese vice minister".
    *   These are high-level government officials responsible for specific portfolios (environment).
    *   They are attending international climate negotiations.

    *   Sense 1 (Religious): Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (High government office): Correct. A "vice minister" is a high-ranking government official.
    *   Sense 3 (Diplomat): While they are acting in a diplomatic capacity at a conference, the title "minister" (especially "environment minister" or "vice minister") refers to their government rank/office, not specifically a diplomatic rank below ambassador.
    *   Sense 4 (The job): This refers to the *position* or *role* (the job of a head), whereas the context refers to the *person* ("the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes").

    *   The target word "minister" in "Chinese vice minister" refers to the person holding the office.
    *   Sense 2: "a person appointed to a high office in the government". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plane
Target surface form: planes
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plane%1:06:01:: | definition=an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets | synonyms=airplane, aeroplane | examples=the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane
2. sense_key=plane%1:25:00:: | definition=(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape | synonyms=sheet | examples=we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane; any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane
3. sense_key=plane%1:26:00:: | definition=a level of existence or development | examples=he lived on a worldly plane
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:02:: | definition=a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=planer, planing machine
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:00:: | definition=a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=carpenter's plane, woodworking plane | examples=the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `plane`
    *   Target surface form: `planes`
    *   Context: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `plane%1:06:01::`: an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets (airplane, aeroplane).
        2.  `plane%1:25:00::`: (mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape.
        3.  `plane%1:26:00::`: a level of existence or development.
        4.  `plane%1:06:02::`: a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood.
        5.  `plane%1:06:00::`: a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood.

    *   The phrase is "stepped off planes".
    *   The subjects are "High-level officials" (Indian environment minister and Chinese vice minister).
    *   They are arriving at a location (Bella Center) for meetings.
    *   "Stepping off a plane" is a common idiom for disembarking from an aircraft.

    *   Sense 1: Aircraft (airplane). Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Mathematical plane. Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: Level of existence. Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: Power tool. Does not fit.
    *   Sense 5: Hand tool. Does not fit.

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hall
Target surface form: halls
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's <t>halls</t> to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hall%1:06:03:: | definition=an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open | synonyms=hallway | examples=the elevators were at the end of the hall
2. sense_key=hall%1:06:05:: | definition=a large entrance or reception room or area | synonyms=anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule
3. sense_key=hall%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room for gatherings or entertainment | examples=lecture hall; pool hall
4. sense_key=hall%1:06:04:: | definition=a college or university building containing living quarters for students | synonyms=dormitory, dorm, residence hall, student residence
5. sense_key=hall%1:06:06:: | definition=the large room of a manor or castle | synonyms=manor hall
6. sense_key=hall%1:18:04:: | definition=English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943) | synonyms=Radclyffe Hall, Marguerite Radclyffe Hall
7. sense_key=hall%1:18:03:: | definition=United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924) | synonyms=G. Stanley Hall, Granville Stanley Hall
8. sense_key=hall%1:18:02:: | definition=United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914) | synonyms=Charles Martin Hall
9. sense_key=hall%1:18:01:: | definition=United States explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1821-1871) | synonyms=Charles Francis Hall
10. sense_key=hall%1:18:00:: | definition=United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907) | synonyms=Asaph Hall
11. sense_key=hall%1:06:07:: | definition=a large and imposing house | synonyms=mansion, mansion house, manse, residence
12. sense_key=hall%1:06:08:: | definition=a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research | examples=halls of learning
13. sense_key=hall%1:06:01:: | definition=a large building for meetings or entertainment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hall`
    *   Target surface form: `halls`
    *   Context: "...stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences..."
    *   Key phrase: "raced through the Bella Center's halls"

    *   1: interior passage or corridor (hallway)
    *   2: large entrance or reception room (foyer, lobby)
    *   3: large room for gatherings or entertainment (lecture hall)
    *   4: college/university building for students (dormitory)
    *   5: large room of a manor or castle
    *   6-10: Proper names (people)
    *   11: large and imposing house (mansion)
    *   12: large building used by a college/university for teaching
    *   13: large building for meetings or entertainment

    *   The "Bella Center" is a convention center (mentioned later: "move in and out of the convention center each day").
    *   The people "raced through" the halls to get to "closed-door meetings and news conferences."
    *   "Raced through" strongly suggests movement along corridors or passages connecting different rooms/areas.

    *   Sense 1: "an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open" (hallway). This fits perfectly with "raced through... to closed-door meetings."
    *   Sense 2: "large entrance or reception room" (lobby). While they might pass through a lobby, "raced through the halls" (plural) usually refers to the corridors of a large building.
    *   Sense 3: "large room for gatherings." You don't usually "race through" a room to get to another meeting in the same way you race through corridors.
    *   Sense 13: "large building for meetings." The Bella Center *is* the building. The "halls" are *inside* the Bella Center.

    *   The context describes movement *through* the halls of a large convention center to reach specific destinations (meetings, conferences). This aligns best with the definition of a corridor or hallway.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door <t>meetings</t> and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `meeting`
    *   Target surface form: `meetings`
    *   Context: "...High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door <t>meetings</t> and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week."

    *   Sense 1: `meeting%1:14:00` - a formally arranged gathering (synonym: group meeting).
    *   Sense 2: `meeting%1:14:01` - a small informal social gathering (synonym: get together).
    *   Sense 3: `meeting%1:11:00` - a casual or unexpected convergence (synonym: encounter).
    *   Sense 4: `meeting%1:04:00` - the social act of assembling for some common purpose (synonym: coming together).
    *   Sense 5: `meeting%1:04:02` - the act of joining together as one (synonym: merging).
    *   Sense 6: `meeting%1:15:00` - a place where things merge or flow together (synonym: confluence).

    *   The context describes high-level officials (ministers) at a large international climate conference (Copenhagen).
    *   They are going to "closed-door meetings and news conferences."
    *   These are professional, official, and planned gatherings intended to discuss and negotiate a treaty.
    *   "Closed-door" strongly implies a formal arrangement.

    *   Sense 1 (formally arranged gathering) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (informal social gathering) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (casual or unexpected convergence) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (the social act of assembling) is more about the *process* of coming together rather than the *event* itself (though close, Sense 1 is more specific to the "gathering" as an event).
    *   Sense 5 (merging) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (confluence of rivers) is incorrect.

    *   The target word "meetings" refers to the specific events (the gatherings) the officials are attending. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claims
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out <t>claims</t> that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `claim`
    *   Target surface form: `claims`
    *   Context: "...High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out <t>claims</t> that will be arbitrated over the next week."

    *   Sense 1: `claim%1:10:00::` - an assertion of a right (as to money or property). Example: "his claim asked for damages".
    *   Sense 2: `claim%1:10:02::` - an assertion that something is true or factual. Example: "his claim that he was innocent".
    *   Sense 3: `claim%1:04:00::` - demand for something as rightful or due. Example: "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day".
    *   Sense 4: `claim%1:07:02::` - an informal right to something. Synonym: title. Example: "his claim on her attentions".
    *   Sense 5: `claim%1:07:01::` - an established or recognized right. Synonym: title. Example: "a strong legal claim to the property".
    *   Sense 6: `claim%1:10:01::` - a demand especially in the phrase (call of duty).

    *   The phrase is "stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week."
    *   The context is international climate negotiations (Copenhagen).
    *   Officials are "staking out claims." In a negotiation context, "staking out a claim" or "staking out a position" means asserting a right to something or demanding a specific outcome/concession that they believe they are entitled to or want to secure.
    *   The claims will be "arbitrated," meaning they are points of contention or demands that need resolution.

    *   Sense 2 (assertion of truth) doesn't fit "stake out claims that will be arbitrated" as well as a demand for a right or position.
    *   Sense 1 (assertion of right to money/property) is too narrow (money/property).
    *   Sense 3 (demand for something as rightful or due) fits well. The officials are demanding specific terms or outcomes in the treaty.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 refer to the *right itself* (title), whereas "staking out a claim" usually refers to the *act of demanding* or *asserting* that right/position.
    *   Sense 6 is for "call of duty."

    *   "Stake out a claim" often means to assert a right to something.
    *   In the context of a treaty negotiation, these "claims" are the demands or positions the countries are taking regarding their rights, responsibilities, or the benefits they expect from the agreement.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is often about legal/financial claims (damages). Sense 3 is a broader "demand for something as rightful or due."
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "demand for something as rightful or due".
    *   In diplomatic negotiations, they are demanding specific outcomes (e.g., funding, emission targets) which they feel are rightful or due to them.

    *   "Stake out a claim" is a common idiom. It can mean to assert a right to something (like land) or to state one's position clearly.
    *   If they are "arbitrating" these claims, they are essentially negotiating demands.
    *   Sense 3: "demand for something as rightful or due". This fits the context of international negotiations where countries demand specific terms.

    *   Sense 1: assertion of a right (money/property).
    *   Sense 2: assertion of truth.
    *   Sense 3: demand for something as rightful or due.
    *   Sense 4: informal right.
    *   Sense 5: established right.
    *   Sense 6: call of duty.

    The phrase "stake out claims" in this context refers to the positions/demands the countries are asserting in the negotiation. Sense 3 ("demand for something as rightful or due") is the most accurate description of these diplomatic demands.

    *Self-Correction:* Is it Sense 1? "Assertion of a right". The example "his claim asked for damages" is very specific. Sense 3 "demand for something as rightful or due" feels slightly broader and more applicable to diplomatic positions.

    Let's re-read: "stake out claims that will be arbitrated". Arbitration usually involves resolving disputes over claims (demands/rights).

    Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3 again:
    Sense 1: assertion of a right (as to money or property)
    Sense 3: demand for something as rightful or due

    In the context of climate change negotiations, countries are demanding financial aid (money) or specific rights/exemptions. This fits both, but Sense 3 is a more general "demand".

    Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (if I recall), `claim%1:04:00` (Sense 3) is often used for demands (like labor claims). `claim%1:10:00` (Sense 1) is often used for legal claims.

    Let's look at the phrase "stake out a claim". It often means to assert a right to something.
    Example: "The company staked out a claim to the new market."
    In the text: "stake out claims that will be arbitrated".

    If they are "arbitrating" them, they are treating them as demands or assertions of right.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: assertion of a right (as to money or property)
    Sense 3: demand for something as rightful or due

    In the context of the Copenhagen summit, the "claims" are the positions/demands regarding emission targets and financial assistance. This is a "demand for something as rightful or due".

    Wait, let me check if "stake out a claim" specifically maps to one of these.
    "Stake a claim" usually means to assert a right to something.
    If I assert a right to something, is that an "assertion of a right" (Sense 1) or a "demand for something as rightful or due" (Sense 3)?

    Sense 1: "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)"
    Sense 3: "demand for something as rightful or due"

    The example for Sense 1 is "his claim asked for damages".
    The example for Sense 3 is "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day".

    The climate negotiations are more like the "shorter work day" (a demand for a specific outcome/condition) than "damages" (a legal claim for money lost).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.