[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: gives
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `give`
    *   Target surface form: `gives`
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved."
    *   Meaning: A look at the practice provides or affords an idea of the work involved.

    *   1: cause to have (abstract/physical) - "gave him a black eye"
    *   2: be the cause or source of (synonyms: yield, afford) - "He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    *   3: transfer possession (concrete/abstract) - "I gave her my money"
    *   4: convey or reveal information - "Give one's name"
    *   5: convey/bestow (compliment, regards) - "give the orders"
    *   6: organize/responsible for - "hold a reception"
    *   7: convey/communicate (smile, look) - "gave me a dirty look"
    *   8: give as a present - "give her for her birthday"
    *   9: cause to happen/responsible for - "gave the team the victory"
    *   10: dedicate - "give thought to"
    *   11: give or supply (render, yield) - "crop yielded 1,000 bushels"
    *   12: transmit knowledge/skills - "give a secret"
    *   13: bring about (establish) - "establishes depth"
    *   14: leave with temporarily - "give you my keys"
    *   15: emit or utter - "give a yelp"
    *   16: endure loss of (sacrifice) - "gave his life"
    *   17: place into hands/custody - "hand me the spoon"
    *   18: give entirely to (dedicate) - "give one's talents"
    *   19: give (medicine) - "gave him the drug"
    *   20: give or convey physically (apply) - "gave him a punch"
    *   21: bestow (render) - "give homage"
    *   22: bestow officially (grant) - "grant a degree"
    *   23: move to make room - "give way"
    *   24: give food to (feed) - "feed the starving children"
    *   25: contribute to some cause - "gave at the office"
    *   26: break down (collapse) - "The wall collapsed"
    *   27: estimate duration/outcome - "gave the patient three months"
    *   28: execute and deliver - "Give bond"
    *   29: deliver in exchange - "give you three books for four CDs"
    *   30: afford access to - "doors give onto a terrace"
    *   31: present to view - "gave the sign to start"
    *   32: perform for an audience - "giving another concert"
    *   33: be flexible under stress - "material doesn't give"
    *   34: propose - "gave the first of many toasts"
    *   35: accord by verdict - "give a decision"
    *   36: manifest or show - "gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"
    *   37: offer in good faith - "gave her his word"
    *   38: submit for consideration - "give one's opinion"
    *   39: guide or direct - "gave me to think"
    *   40: allow to have or take - "give you two minutes"
    *   41: inflict as punishment - "gave the boy a good spanking"
    *   42: occur - "what gives?"
    *   43: consent to sexual intercourse - "gave herself to many men"
    *   44: proffer (body part) - "gave her hand"

    *   "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    *   This means the look *provides* or *affords* an idea.
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    *   Looking at Sense 36: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"

    *   Sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" is very similar to "A look... gives an idea".
    *   Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering" is also similar.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "be the cause or source of". A look is the source of the idea.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 36: "manifest or show". A look manifests or shows the work involved.

    Wait, "gives an idea" is a very common idiom. Does it mean "provides" (Sense 2) or "shows" (Sense 36)?
    "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" (Sense 2) is almost identical in structure to "A look... gives an idea".
    "The office gave evidence of tampering" (Sense 36) is also close.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "yield, afford".
    Let's look at the definition for Sense 36: "manifest or show".

    If I say "This gives me an idea," it's more like Sense 2 (source).
    If I say "This gives an idea of how it works," it's like "This provides an idea" or "This shows how it works."

    Comparing "afforded much interesting information" (Sense 2) and "gave evidence of tampering" (Sense 36).
    "Gives an idea of" is more about providing a general understanding or impression.

    Let's check Sense 2 again: "be the cause or source of".
    Let's check Sense 36 again: "manifest or show".

    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    Does the look *manifest* the work, or is it the *source* of the idea?
    Actually, "give an idea" often means "to provide a general impression".

    Let's look at other options.
    Sense 4: "convey or reveal information" - "Give one's name". (Not quite).
    Sense 11: "give or supply" - "crop yielded 1,000 bushels". (Not quite).

    Between 2 and 36:
    Sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information"
    Sense 36: "The office gave evidence of tampering"

    "Gives an idea of" is very close to "affords an idea of" or "provides an idea of".
    "Gives evidence of" is very close to "shows evidence of".

    In the sentence "A look... gives an idea of the work involved," the "look" is the source from which the "idea" is derived. This aligns well with Sense 2 ("be the cause or source of").

    Let's double-check Sense 36: "manifest or show". "The office gave evidence of tampering" means the office *showed* that tampering had occurred. "A look... gives an idea" means the look *provides* the person with an idea.

    Actually, "give an idea" is often listed as "provide" or "afford".
    Example: "This should give you an idea of what to expect." (This should provide you with an idea).

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information".
    This seems like the best fit.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 36 again: "manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering".
    "Gives promise of" is similar to "gives an idea of".

    Let's compare:
    "A look... gives an idea of the work involved."
    "The office gave evidence of tampering."
    "Our meeting afforded much interesting information."

    If you replace "gives" with "affords": "A look... affords an idea of the work involved." (Sounds correct).
    If you replace "gives" with "shows": "A look... shows an idea of the work involved." (Doesn't sound as natural; you'd say "shows the work involved").

    Therefore, Sense 2 ("afford") is a better fit than Sense 36 ("show").

    Sense 2: be the cause or source of (afford)
    Sense 36: manifest or show

    "A look... gives an idea" -> "A look... provides/affords an idea".
    This matches Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "idea"
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an <t>idea</t> of the work involved."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "gives an idea of the work involved" means it provides a general understanding, a rough estimate, or a sense of how much work is required.

    *   Sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about" (thought).
    *   Sense 2: "your intention; what you intend to do" (mind).
    *   Sense 3: "a personal view".
    *   Sense 4: "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth" (estimate, estimation, approximation).
    *   Sense 5: "(music) melodic subject of a musical composition".

    *   The phrase "gives an idea of the work involved" is very similar to "gives an estimate of the work involved" or "gives a rough idea how long it would take" (from the example for Sense 4).
    *   It's not about a specific thought (Sense 1), an intention (Sense 2), a personal opinion/view (Sense 3), or a musical theme (Sense 5).
    *   It refers to getting a general sense or approximation of the effort/work.

    *   Sense 4: "an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth" (synonyms: estimate, estimation, approximation).
    *   Example: "a rough idea how long it would take".
    *   This fits perfectly with "gives an idea of the work involved".

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "work"
    *   Target surface form: "work"
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the <t>work</t> involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope..."
    *   Meaning: The text describes the physical effort and activity required to ring the bells (standing in a prize-fighter's stance, pulling ropes).

    *   Sense 1: `activity directed toward making or doing something` (General effort/activity).
    *   Sense 2: `a product produced or accomplished...` (A creation, like a book or symphony).
    *   Sense 3: `the occupation for which you are paid` (Employment).
    *   Sense 4: `applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject` (Study).
    *   Sense 5: `(physics) a manifestation of energy...` (Force x distance).
    *   Sense 6: `a place where work is done` (Workplace).
    *   Sense 7: `the total output of a writer or artist` (Oeuvre).

    *   The context describes the physical exertion and the process of ringing bells.
    *   It's not a paid occupation (Sense 3) in this specific context (it's a "practice" at a church, likely a hobby/tradition).
    *   It's not a product (Sense 2) or a body of work (Sense 7).
    *   It's not studying (Sense 4).
    *   It's not a workplace (Sense 6).
    *   While it involves physical force (Sense 5), it's used in a general sense of "effort/activity" rather than a physics calculation.
    *   Sense 1 ("activity directed toward making or doing something") fits best as it encompasses the effort and activity involved in the process of bell ringing.

    *   "gives an idea of the work involved" -> "gives an idea of the effort/activity involved".
    *   Sense 1: "activity directed toward making or doing something". This is the most general and fitting sense for the effort required for the task.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "involved"
    *   Target surface form: "involved"
    *   Context: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work <t>involved</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence refers to the amount of effort, labor, or complexity associated with the activity of bell ringing.

    *   Sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use" (Example: "the problems involved"). This fits well; the "work involved" means the work associated with or required for the activity.
    *   Sense 2: "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" (Synonym: mired). This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3: "emotionally involved". This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4: "highly complex or intricate" (Synonyms: Byzantine, convoluted). While the activity might be complex, "the work involved" usually refers to the effort/participation required, not that the work itself is "convoluted."
    *   Sense 5: "enveloped" (Example: "a castle involved in mist"). This doesn't fit.

    *   The phrase "the work involved" is a common idiom meaning "the work that is necessary for or associated with a particular task."
    *   Sense 1's definition "connected by participation or association or use" and its example "the problems involved" align perfectly with "the work involved."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved <t>ringers</t> stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text describes people ringing church bells in a specific pattern (change ringing) at St. Mary Abbot church in London. It mentions "ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound," "Ringers memorize patterns," and "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each pulling a rope."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bells," "church," "pulling a rope," and "ringing chamber."
    *   Sense 1 describes "a person who rings church bells." This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (lookalike), Sense 3 (fraudulent contestant), and Sense 4 (horseshoes) are completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stand
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `stand`
    *   Target surface form: `stand`
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers <t>stand</t> in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `be standing; be upright` (e.g., "stand for the entire performance")
        2.  `be in some specified state or condition` (e.g., "stand corrected")
        3.  `occupy a place or location, also metaphorically` (e.g., "stand on common ground")
        4.  `hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright` (e.g., "standing my ground")
        5.  `put up with something or somebody unpleasant` (e.g., "cannot bear")
        6.  `have or maintain a position or stand on an issue` (e.g., "Where do you stand on the War?")
        7.  `remain inactive or immobile` (e.g., "standing water")
        8.  `be in effect; be or remain in force` (e.g., "The law stands!")
        9.  `be tall; have a height of` (e.g., "stands 6 feet tall")
        10. `put into an upright position` (e.g., "stand the bookshelf up")
        11. `withstand the force of something` (e.g., "stand the test of time")
        12. `be available for stud services` (e.g., stallions)

    *   The sentence describes the physical posture and position of the ringers: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   They are physically upright (Sense 1) and they are occupying a specific location/arrangement (Sense 3).
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: `be standing; be upright`. This focuses on the posture (not sitting or lying down).
        *   Sense 3: `occupy a place or location`. This focuses on where they are (in a circle).
    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance" strongly emphasizes the physical posture of being upright and balanced.
    *   However, "stand in a circle" is a very common way to describe occupying a location.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "We had to stand for the entire performance!" (Posture)
        *   Sense 3: "We stand on common ground" (Location/Metaphorical)
    *   In the context "stand in a circle", the primary meaning is that they are upright (Sense 1) and positioned in a circle (Sense 3).
    *   Usually, "stand in [location]" is categorized as occupying a place (Sense 3). But "stand" as a verb of posture is Sense 1.
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "be standing; be upright".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "occupy a place or location".
    *   If I say "The statue stands in the square," that's Sense 3.
    *   If I say "The people stand in a circle," they are both upright and in a location.
    *   Looking at the "prize-fighter's stance" part, the focus is heavily on the physical act of standing (posture).
    *   Let's check other similar examples in WordNet-style datasets. Often, "stand in a circle" or "stand in line" is treated as "occupy a place" (Sense 3) or "be upright" (Sense 1).
    *   Let's look at the nuances again.
        *   Sense 1: `be standing; be upright`
        *   Sense 3: `occupy a place or location`
    *   If the sentence was "The ringers were standing," it would be Sense 1.
    *   "The ringers stand in a circle" describes their arrangement.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "We stand on common ground". This is more about position.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "We had to stand for the entire performance!". This is about the state of being upright.
    *   In "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle", the most fundamental meaning is that they are in an upright position. The "in a circle" part is a prepositional phrase modifying where they are standing.
    *   However, in many linguistic frameworks, "stand in [location]" is mapped to "occupy a place".
    *   Let's re-evaluate. "stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance". The "stance" part strongly points to the physical posture of being upright.
    *   If I have to choose the *best* sense:
        *   Sense 1: be upright.
        *   Sense 3: occupy a place.
    *   If they were sitting in a circle, they would be occupying a place but not standing. Since they are *standing* in a circle, the "upright" part is the distinguishing feature of the verb "stand" here.
    *   Let's compare "The house stands on the hill" (Sense 3) vs "The man stands in the room" (Sense 1 or 3?).
    *   Usually, for humans, "stand" means "be upright". For inanimate objects, "stand" means "be located".
    *   Since the subjects are "ringers" (humans), Sense 1 ("be standing; be upright") is the most likely primary sense.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   The description of the "prize-fighter's stance" (one foot ahead of the other) is a description of *how* they are standing (their posture), not just *where* they are. This strongly supports Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright.
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location.
    *   If the focus was just the circle, Sense 3 might be stronger. But the focus is on the physical posture ("one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance").
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circle
Target surface form: circle
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circle%1:25:00:: | definition=ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point | examples=he calculated the circumference of the circle
2. sense_key=circle%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
3. sense_key=circle%1:25:01:: | definition=something approximating the shape of a circle | examples=the chairs were arranged in a circle
4. sense_key=circle%1:04:00:: | definition=movement once around a course | synonyms=lap, circuit | examples=he drove an extra lap just for insurance
5. sense_key=circle%1:06:01:: | definition=a road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island | synonyms=traffic circle, rotary, roundabout | examples=the accident blocked all traffic at the rotary
6. sense_key=circle%1:06:03:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, rope, roofy, roach
7. sense_key=circle%1:06:02:: | definition=a curved section or tier of seats in a hall or theater or opera house; usually the first tier above the orchestra | synonyms=dress circle | examples=they had excellent seats in the dress circle
8. sense_key=circle%1:06:00:: | definition=any circular or rotating mechanism | synonyms=round | examples=the machine punched out metal circles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "circle"
    *   Target surface form: "circle"
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a <t>circle</t>, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are standing in a physical arrangement that forms a circular shape.

    *   Sense 1: Mathematical ellipse/plane curve (too abstract/geometric).
    *   Sense 2: Unofficial association of people (social circle - not the case here, they are physically standing in a shape).
    *   Sense 3: Something approximating the shape of a circle (e.g., "chairs were arranged in a circle"). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 4: Movement once around a course (lap/circuit - not the case).
    *   Sense 5: Road junction (roundabout - not the case).
    *   Sense 6: Drug (flunitrazepan - not the case).
    *   Sense 7: Theater seating (dress circle - not the case).
    *   Sense 8: Circular or rotating mechanism (not the case).

    *   The context describes people standing in a specific physical arrangement.
    *   Sense 3 ("something approximating the shape of a circle") is the standard way to describe people or objects arranged in a circular pattern.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foot
Target surface form: foot
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foot%1:08:01:: | definition=the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint | synonyms=human foot, pes | examples=his bare feet projected from his trousers; armored from head to foot
2. sense_key=foot%1:23:00:: | definition=a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard | synonyms=ft | examples=he is six feet tall
3. sense_key=foot%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower part of anything | examples=curled up on the foot of the bed; the foot of the page
4. sense_key=foot%1:05:01:: | definition=the pedal extremity of vertebrates other than human beings | synonyms=animal foot
5. sense_key=foot%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=foundation, base, fundament, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
6. sense_key=foot%1:05:00:: | definition=any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates | synonyms=invertebrate foot
7. sense_key=foot%1:04:00:: | definition=travel by walking | examples=he followed on foot; the swiftest of foot
8. sense_key=foot%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
9. sense_key=foot%1:14:00:: | definition=an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot | synonyms=infantry | examples=there came ten thousand horsemen and as many fully-armed foot
10. sense_key=foot%1:10:00:: | definition=(prosody) a group of 2 or 3 syllables forming the basic unit of poetic rhythm | synonyms=metrical foot, metrical unit
11. sense_key=foot%1:06:01:: | definition=a support resembling a pedal extremity | examples=one foot of the chair was on the carpet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `foot`
    *   Target surface form: `foot`
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one <t>foot</t> ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Part of the leg (human).
        2.  Linear unit of length (12 inches).
        3.  Lower part of anything (e.g., foot of the bed).
        4.  Pedal extremity of non-human vertebrates.
        5.  Lowest support of a structure.
        6.  Organ of locomotion in invertebrates.
        7.  Travel by walking.
        8.  Surveillance team member.
        9.  Army unit (infantry).
        10. Prosody (poetic rhythm).
        11. Support resembling a pedal extremity (e.g., chair foot).

    *   The sentence is: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   "one foot ahead of the other" describes the distance between the ringers.
    *   This clearly refers to a measurement of distance.

    *   Sense 2: "a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard". This matches perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 (body part) doesn't fit "one foot ahead" in the sense of a measurement of distance between people in a circle (though you use your feet to stand, the phrase "one [unit] ahead of the other" typically denotes distance). Wait, let me re-read. "one foot ahead of the other". If it meant the body part, it would be "one foot in front of the other" (referring to their own feet). But here it says "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other". This means Ringer B is one foot ahead of Ringer A. This is a measurement of distance.

    *   Sense 2 is the linear unit of length.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ahead
Target surface form: ahead
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ahead"
    *   Target surface form: "ahead"
    *   Context: "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot <t>ahead</t> of the other in a prize-fighter's stance..."
    *   Meaning: The position of one foot relative to the other (physical position, in front of).

    *   Sense 1: "at or in the front" (synonyms: in front, before; examples: "lights of a town ahead", "road ahead is foggy").
    *   Sense 2: "toward the future; forward in time" (synonyms: forward).
    *   Sense 3: "in a forward direction" (synonyms: onward, forward; examples: "go ahead").
    *   Sense 4: "ahead of time; in anticipation" (synonyms: in advance).
    *   Sense 5: "to a more advanced or advantageous position" (examples: "get ahead").
    *   Sense 6: "to a different or a more advanced time" (examples: "moved the appointment ahead").
    *   Sense 7: "leading or ahead in a competition" (synonyms: out front, in the lead).

    *   The phrase "one foot ahead of the other" describes a physical spatial arrangement.
    *   Sense 1 ("at or in the front") fits best as it describes spatial position (in front of).
    *   Sense 3 ("in a forward direction") describes movement or direction, not a static position.
    *   Senses 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are temporal or metaphorical/competitive.

    *   "one foot ahead of the other" $\approx$ "one foot in front of the other".
    *   Sense 1 definition: "at or in the front". Synonyms: "in front".
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stance
Target surface form: stance
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's <t>stance</t>, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stance%1:07:00:: | definition=standing posture
2. sense_key=stance%1:09:00:: | definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=position, posture

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "stance"
    *   Target surface form: "stance"
    *   Context: "...Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `stance%1:07:00::` | definition=standing posture
        2.  `stance%1:09:00::` | definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=position, posture

    *   The sentence describes the physical position of the ringers: "stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance".
    *   "One foot ahead of the other" clearly refers to a physical posture or way of standing.
    *   "Prize-fighter's stance" refers to the physical way a boxer stands.

    *   Sense 1: "standing posture" (Physical)
    *   Sense 2: "a rationalized mental attitude" (Mental/Opinion)

    *   The context is physical, not mental. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pulling
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to move by pulling | synonyms=draw, force | examples=draw a wagon; pull a sled
2. sense_key=pull%2:35:02:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=attract, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
3. sense_key=pull%2:38:01:: | definition=move into a certain direction | examples=the car pulls to the right
4. sense_key=pull%2:35:04:: | definition=apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion | examples=Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you
5. sense_key=pull%2:41:00:: | definition=perform an act, usually with a negative connotation | synonyms=perpetrate, commit | examples=perpetrate a crime; pull a bank robbery
6. sense_key=pull%2:38:03:: | definition=bring, take, or pull out of a container or from under a cover | synonyms=draw, pull out, get out, take out | examples=draw a weapon; pull out a gun
7. sense_key=pull%2:38:00:: | definition=steer into a certain direction | examples=pull one's horse to a stand; Pull the car over
8. sense_key=pull%2:29:00:: | definition=strain abnormally | synonyms=overstretch | examples=I pulled a muscle in my leg when I jumped up; The athlete pulled a tendon in the competition
9. sense_key=pull%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move in a certain direction by exerting a force upon, either physically or in an abstract sense | synonyms=draw | examples=A declining dollar pulled down the export figures for the last quarter
10. sense_key=pull%2:38:02:: | definition=operate when rowing a boat | examples=pull the oars
11. sense_key=pull%2:38:04:: | definition=rein in to keep from winning a race | examples=pull a horse
12. sense_key=pull%2:35:01:: | definition=tear or be torn violently | synonyms=rend, rip, rive | examples=The curtain ripped from top to bottom; pull the cooked chicken into strips
13. sense_key=pull%2:35:03:: | definition=hit in the direction that the player is facing when carrying through the swing | examples=pull the ball
14. sense_key=pull%2:35:05:: | definition=strip of feathers | synonyms=pluck, tear, deplume, deplumate, displume | examples=pull a chicken; pluck the capon
15. sense_key=pull%2:35:10:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=extract, pull out, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
16. sense_key=pull%2:33:13:: | definition=take sides with; align oneself with; show strong sympathy for | synonyms=root for | examples=We all rooted for the home team; I'm pulling for the underdog
17. sense_key=pull%2:30:11:: | definition=take away | examples=pull the old soup cans from the supermarket shelf

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pull`
    *   Target surface form: `pulling`
    *   Context: "...Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... each <t>pulling</t> a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Action: Ringers are pulling ropes to ring bells.

    *   1: cause to move by pulling (draw a wagon; pull a sled) - *Focuses on moving an object.*
    *   2: direct toward itself (psychological/physical attraction) - *Not applicable.*
    *   3: move into a certain direction (car pulls to the right) - *Not applicable.*
    *   4: apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion (Pull the rope; Pull the handle towards you) - *Very strong candidate.*
    *   5: perform an act (negative connotation) - *Not applicable.*
    *   6: bring/take out of a container - *Not applicable.*
    *   7: steer into a certain direction - *Not applicable.*
    *   8: strain abnormally (muscle) - *Not applicable.*
    *   9: cause to move in a certain direction by exerting force (abstract or physical) - *Possible, but 4 is more specific to the physical act of pulling a rope.*
    *   10: operate when rowing a boat - *Not applicable.*
    *   11: rein in a horse - *Not applicable.*
    *   12: tear or be torn violently - *Not applicable.*
    *   13: hit the ball (sports) - *Not applicable.*
    *   14: strip of feathers - *Not applicable.*
    *   15: remove (extract) - *Not applicable.*
    *   16: take sides with (root for) - *Not applicable.*
    *   17: take away - *Not applicable.*

    *   Sense 1: "cause to move by pulling" (e.g., pull a sled). This implies moving the object being pulled from one place to another.
    *   Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion" (e.g., Pull the rope). This describes the physical action of pulling a rope, which is exactly what the ringers are doing.

    The context is "pulling a rope". Sense 4 explicitly lists "Pull the rope" as an example.

    *   Sense 4: "apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion"
    *   Example: "Pull the rope"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope..."

    This is a perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: rope
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "rope"
    *   Target surface form: "rope"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a <t>rope</t> that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rope%1:06:00::` | definition=a strong line
        2.  `rope%1:06:01::` | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

    *   The context describes bell ringers in a church.
    *   They are "pulling a rope" that goes through a hole in the ceiling to ring bells.
    *   This clearly refers to a physical object, a strong line used for pulling.

    *   Sense 1: "a strong line" (Matches the physical object used for bell ringing).
    *   Sense 2: "street names for flunitrazepan" (Drug reference, completely irrelevant).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a <t>small</t> hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "small"
    *   Target surface form: "small"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a <t>small</t> hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Target word usage: "small hole"

    *   Sense 1: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (synonyms: little; examples: a little dining room; a little house).
    *   Sense 2: limited in size or scope (synonyms: minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized; examples: a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation).
    *   Sense 3: (of children and animals) young, immature (synonyms: little; examples: small children).
    *   Sense 4: slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope (examples: a series of death struggles with small time in between).
    *   Sense 5: low or inferior in station or quality (synonyms: humble, low, lowly, modest; examples: a humble cottage).
    *   Sense 6: lowercase (synonyms: little, minuscule; examples: small a).
    *   Sense 7: (of a voice) faint (synonyms: little; examples: a still small voice).
    *   Sense 8: have fine or very small constituent particles (examples: a small misty rain).
    *   Sense 9: not large but sufficient in size or amount (synonyms: modest; examples: a modest salary).
    *   Sense 10: made to seem smaller or less (synonyms: belittled, diminished).

    *   The phrase is "small hole".
    *   A "hole" is a physical object/opening.
    *   "Small" here describes the physical size (magnitude/extent) of the hole.
    *   Sense 1 refers to "limited or below average in... magnitude or extent" and gives examples like "a little dining room" (physical size).
    *   Sense 2 refers to "limited in size or scope" but the examples ("small business", "modest circulation") lean more towards scope/scale rather than physical dimensions of a single object.
    *   Sense 3 is for age.
    *   Sense 4 is for degree/intensity.
    *   Sense 5 is for quality/station.
    *   Sense 6 is for typography.
    *   Sense 7 is for sound.
    *   Sense 8 is for particles.
    *   Sense 9 is for sufficiency.
    *   Sense 10 is for psychological feeling/worth.

    *   Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (Example: "a little dining room"). This fits a physical hole perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "limited in size or scope" (Example: "a small business"). While "size" is mentioned, the examples and synonyms (minor, modest, small-scale) point toward scope/scale rather than physical dimensions.

    *   "Small hole" refers to the physical dimensions of the opening.
    *   Sense 1's definition "magnitude or extent" and example "little dining room" align best with physical size.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hole
Target surface form: hole
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small <t>hole</t> in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hole%1:17:01:: | definition=an opening into or through something
2. sense_key=hole%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening deliberately made in or through something
3. sense_key=hole%1:06:01:: | definition=one playing period (from tee to green) on a golf course | synonyms=golf hole | examples=he played 18 holes
4. sense_key=hole%1:25:00:: | definition=an unoccupied space
5. sense_key=hole%1:17:02:: | definition=a depression hollowed out of solid matter | synonyms=hollow
6. sense_key=hole%1:26:01:: | definition=a fault | examples=he shot holes in my argument
7. sense_key=hole%1:26:00:: | definition=informal terms for a difficult situation | synonyms=fix, jam, mess, muddle, pickle, kettle of fish | examples=he got into a terrible fix; he made a muddle of his marriage
8. sense_key=hole%1:08:00:: | definition=informal terms for the mouth | synonyms=trap, cakehole, maw, yap, gob

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "hole"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small <t>hole</t> in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Meaning: An opening in the ceiling that allows a rope to pass through.

    *   1. `hole%1:17:01::` - an opening into or through something.
    *   2. `hole%1:06:00::` - an opening deliberately made in or through something.
    *   3. `hole%1:06:01::` - golf hole.
    *   4. `hole%1:25:00::` - an unoccupied space.
    *   5. `hole%1:17:02::` - a depression hollowed out of solid matter.
    *   6. `hole%1:26:01::` - a fault.
    *   7. `hole%1:26:00::` - a difficult situation.
    *   8. `hole%1:08:00::` - the mouth.

    *   The rope goes *through* a hole in the ceiling.
    *   Sense 1: "an opening into or through something" (General).
    *   Sense 2: "an opening deliberately made in or through something" (Specific).
    *   A hole in a ceiling for a bell rope is definitely "deliberately made".

    *   Sense 1 is very general.
    *   Sense 2 is more specific to man-made openings.
    *   In the context of a church ceiling designed for bell ringing, the hole is intentionally created for the ropes.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 2 is a more precise fit for a structural opening made for a purpose.

    *   Sense 1: "an opening into or through something"
    *   Sense 2: "an opening deliberately made in or through something"
    *   Usually, in WordNet, if something is man-made/deliberate, the "deliberately made" sense is preferred over the general "opening".

    *   Sense 1: General opening.
    *   Sense 2: Deliberate opening.
    *   The hole in the ceiling for the bell rope is a deliberate architectural feature.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the WordNet hierarchy if possible.
    *   `hole%1:06:00` (deliberately made) vs `hole%1:17:01` (opening into or through).
    *   In many WSD tasks, "opening deliberately made" is used for things like keyholes, buttonholes, or holes in ceilings/walls for pipes/ropes.

    *   Sense 1: `hole%1:17:01`
    *   Sense 2: `hole%1:06:00`
    *   The context is a church ceiling. The hole is there for the rope. It was definitely made on purpose.

    *   Sense 1: an opening into or through something.
    *   Sense 2: an opening deliberately made in or through something.
    *   The most precise sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "high"
    *   Target surface form: "high"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the <t>high</t> ceiling of the ringing chamber."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Greater than normal in degree/intensity/amount (e.g., high temperature).
        2.  Literal meaning: great or specific elevation or upward extension (e.g., high mountain, high ceilings).
        3.  Superior in quality or position (e.g., high priest).
        4.  High in pitch or frequency (e.g., high-pitched).
        5.  Happy and excited (e.g., in high spirits).
        6.  Smelling spoiled (e.g., gamey).
        7.  Intoxicated (e.g., mellow).

    *   The word "high" modifies "ceiling".
    *   A ceiling is a physical structure at the top of a room.
    *   "High ceiling" refers to the vertical distance from the floor to the ceiling (elevation/upward extension).

    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "high ceilings" in its examples and defines it as "being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension". This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ceiling
Target surface form: ceiling
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: | definition=the overhead upper surface of a covered space | examples=he hated painting the ceiling
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: | definition=(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: | definition=an upper limit on what is allowed | synonyms=roof, cap | examples=he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him; there was a roof on salaries
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "ceiling"
    *   Target surface form: "ceiling"
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high <t>ceiling</t> of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ceiling%1:06:00::`: the overhead upper surface of a covered space.
        2.  `ceiling%1:07:00::`: (meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds.
        3.  `ceiling%1:10:00::`: an upper limit on what is allowed.
        4.  `ceiling%1:07:01::`: maximum altitude at which a plane can fly.

    *   The context mentions a "ringing chamber" (a room).
    *   The rope "disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling".
    *   The sound is "muffled by the ceiling".
    *   This clearly refers to the physical overhead surface of a room.

    *   Sense 1: "the overhead upper surface of a covered space" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "altitude of the lowest layer of clouds" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "an upper limit on what is allowed" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "maximum altitude at which a plane can fly" - Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chamber
Target surface form: chamber
Context:
Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chamber%1:06:00:: | definition=a natural or artificial enclosed space
2. sense_key=chamber%1:08:00:: | definition=an enclosed volume in the body | examples=the chambers of his heart were healthy
3. sense_key=chamber%1:06:02:: | definition=a room where a judge transacts business
4. sense_key=chamber%1:14:00:: | definition=a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly | examples=the upper chamber is the senate
5. sense_key=chamber%1:06:01:: | definition=a room used primarily for sleeping | synonyms=bedroom, sleeping room, sleeping accommodation, bedchamber

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `chamber`
    *   Target surface form: `chamber`
    *   Context: "...each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing <t>chamber</t>."
    *   Contextual clues: "ringing chamber", "church", "ropes", "ceiling", "bells". This refers to the room in a church tower where the bell ringers stand.

    *   Sense 1: `chamber%1:06:00::` - a natural or artificial enclosed space.
    *   Sense 2: `chamber%1:08:00::` - an enclosed volume in the body (e.g., heart).
    *   Sense 3: `chamber%1:06:02::` - a room where a judge transacts business.
    *   Sense 4: `chamber%1:14:00::` - a deliberative or legislative or administrative or judicial assembly (e.g., senate).
    *   Sense 5: `chamber%1:06:01::` - a room used primarily for sleeping (bedroom).

    *   Sense 2 (body), Sense 3 (judge), Sense 4 (legislative), and Sense 5 (bedroom) are clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (a natural or artificial enclosed space) is the most general and fits the description of a room in a church tower.

    *   The "ringing chamber" is a specific room (an artificial enclosed space). Sense 1 is the only one that fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speak
Target surface form: speaks
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one <t>speaks</t>, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speak%2:32:00:: | definition=express in speech | synonyms=talk, utter, mouth, verbalize, verbalise | examples=She talks a lot of nonsense; This depressed patient does not verbalize
2. sense_key=speak%2:32:01:: | definition=exchange thoughts; talk with | synonyms=talk | examples=We often talk business; Actions talk louder than words
3. sense_key=speak%2:32:02:: | definition=use language | synonyms=talk | examples=the baby talks already; the prisoner won't speak
4. sense_key=speak%2:32:03:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=address | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
5. sense_key=speak%2:39:00:: | definition=make a characteristic or natural sound | examples=The drums spoke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `speak`
    *   Target surface form: `speaks`
    *   Context: "No one <t>speaks</t>, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "No one speaks" means that the people (the ringers) are not talking or using language to communicate.

    *   Sense 1: `express in speech` (talk, utter, mouth, verbalize). Focuses on the act of producing speech.
    *   Sense 2: `exchange thoughts; talk with` (talk). Focuses on conversation/interaction.
    *   Sense 3: `use language` (talk). Focuses on the ability or act of using language (e.g., "the prisoner won't speak").
    *   Sense 4: `give a speech to` (address). Focuses on formal address.
    *   Sense 5: `make a characteristic or natural sound`. Focuses on non-human objects (e.g., "The drums spoke").

    *   The sentence "No one speaks" describes a state of silence among the ringers.
    *   Sense 1 (express in speech) and Sense 3 (use language) are very close.
    *   Sense 2 (exchange thoughts) implies a dialogue.
    *   Sense 3 ("the prisoner won't speak") often refers to a refusal to communicate or the general act of talking.
    *   Sense 1 ("She talks a lot of nonsense") refers to the act of uttering words.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "This depressed patient does not verbalize"
        *   Sense 3: "the prisoner won't speak"
    *   In "No one speaks," the meaning is that they are not talking/using language.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3: Sense 1 is more about the *act* of uttering, while Sense 3 is more about the *use* of language/communication.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "No one speaks" (meaning silence) is mapped to the general sense of using language or talking.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: express in speech (utter, verbalize).
        *   Sense 3: use language (talk).
    *   "No one speaks" in this context means they are not talking to each other or making any vocal sounds of language.
    *   Sense 3's example "the prisoner won't speak" is a very close parallel to "no one speaks" (a state of not talking).

    *   Sense 1: express in speech.
    *   Sense 2: exchange thoughts.
    *   Sense 3: use language.
    *   Sense 4: address.
    *   Sense 5: natural sound.
    *   The context "No one speaks" is a general statement of silence/lack of talking. Sense 3 ("use language") is the most general sense for "talking" in the sense of not being silent.

    *   Sense 1: `express in speech` (uttering words).
    *   Sense 3: `use language` (the general act of talking).
    *   In the sentence "No one speaks," it means they are not using their voices to communicate. This fits Sense 3 best, as it's the general sense of "talking" (as opposed to the specific act of uttering a particular thing).

    *   Sense 1: `express in speech` (synonyms: talk, utter, mouth, verbalize).
    *   Sense 3: `use language` (synonyms: talk).
    *   Wait, Sense 1 also has "talk".
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "She talks a lot of nonsense" (focus on content/act of uttering).
        *   Sense 3: "the prisoner won't speak" (focus on the act of talking/communicating).
    *   "No one speaks" is almost identical in structure and meaning to "the prisoner won't speak."

    *   Sense 1: express in speech.
    *   Sense 2: exchange thoughts.
    *   Sense 3: use language.
    *   Sense 4: give a speech.
    *   Sense 5: make a sound.
    *   The most fitting is Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the <t>ropes</t> seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rope`
    *   Target surface form: `ropes`
    *   Context: A description of bell ringing (change ringing) in a church. Ringers pull ropes that go through the ceiling to ring bells. The sentence is: "No one speaks, and the snaking of the <t>ropes</t> seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rope%1:06:00::` | definition=a strong line
        2.  `rope%1:06:01::` | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

    *   The context describes physical ropes used to ring church bells.
    *   Sense 1 ("a strong line") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (drug names) is completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes <t>seems</t> to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `seem`
    *   Target surface form: `seems`
    *   Context: "No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes <t>seems</t> to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

    *   Sense 1: `give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect` (Synonyms: look, appear). Example: "She seems to be sleeping."
    *   Sense 2: `seem to be true, probable, or apparent` (Synonyms: appear). Example: "It seems that he is very gifted."
    *   Sense 3: `appear to exist`. Example: "There seems no reason to go ahead..."
    *   Sense 4: `appear to one's own mind or opinion`. Example: "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone."

    *   The sentence describes a sensory experience: the sound of the ropes snaking.
    *   "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves"
    *   This is describing an impression given by the sound (outward aspect/impression).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 is about outward appearance or impression (often sensory).
        *   Sense 2 is about probability or truth (often used with "It seems that...").
    *   In this context, the author is describing the *impression* created by the sound of the ropes. It's an observation of an outward aspect (the sound).

    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" -> Fits well. The sound gives the impression of being as loud as the bells.
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" -> This is more about a conclusion drawn from evidence (e.g., "It seems that he is gifted"). While similar, Sense 1 is more about the immediate impression.
    *   Sense 3: "appear to exist" -> Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "appear to one's own mind or opinion" -> This usually involves a subjective feeling of failure or misunderstanding (e.g., "I can't seem to...").

    *   "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells"
    *   This is an observation of an impression.
    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (outward appearance).
        *   Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted" (conclusion/probability).
    *   The sound of the ropes *gives the impression* of being loud. This aligns better with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect.
    *   Sense 2: seem to be true, probable, or apparent.
    *   The sentence is describing a sensory impression (sound). Sense 1 is the best fit.