[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "common"
    *   Target surface form: "common"
    *   Context: "...the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "common cancers" refers to cancers that occur frequently in the population.

    *   Sense 1: belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public (e.g., common good). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual (e.g., common man). -> Possible, but Sense 4 is more specific to "commonly encountered".
    *   Sense 3: common to or shared by two or more parties (e.g., common friend). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: commonly encountered (synonyms: usual) (e.g., a common complaint). -> This fits perfectly. "Common cancers" are cancers that are commonly encountered/frequent.
    *   Sense 5: everyday language (e.g., common parlance). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: associated with the great masses (e.g., common people). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: low or inferior quality (e.g., common cloths). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: lacking refinement (e.g., coarse manners). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 9: to be expected; standard (e.g., common decency). -> Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 vs. Sense 4:
        *   Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
        *   Sense 4: "commonly encountered" (synonym: usual)
    *   In the context of diseases or medical conditions ("common cancers"), the meaning is that they occur frequently in the population. This aligns best with "commonly encountered" (Sense 4). Sense 2 is broader and often refers to social status or lack of distinction ("the common man").

    *   Sense 4: "commonly encountered" / "usual".
    *   Example: "a common (or familiar) complaint".
    *   Context: "more common cancers".
    *   This is a precise match.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses p53 genes, tissue from kidney, brain, and skin cancers, tumor-suppressor genes, colon cancer, lung cancer, and the retinoblastoma suppressor gene.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor (medical).
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: person born under the sign of Cancer (astrology).
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation (astronomy).
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology).
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: genus of crabs (biology).

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, focusing on genetics, tumors, and specific types of cancer (kidney, brain, skin, colon, lung).
    *   The word "cancers" refers to these malignant growths.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discoveries`
    *   Context: The text discusses scientists (Johns Hopkins team, Dr. Vogelstein, Ray White, Walter Bodmer, Dr. Minna) searching for and finding tumor-suppressor genes related to various cancers (colon, lung). It mentions "pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes," "isolate one on chromosome 18," "finding another gene," and "reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved."
    *   Target sentence: "Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate."
    *   Follow-up sentence: "...turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

    *   Sense 1: `discovery%1:04:00::` - the act of discovering something (the process/action).
    *   Sense 2: `discovery%1:10:00::` - something that is discovered (the result/object).
    *   Sense 3: `discovery%1:09:00::` - a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 4: `discovery%1:10:01::` - (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   The text refers to the identification of specific genes (tumor-suppressor genes on chromosomes 18, 5, 3, etc.).
    *   These are not just "the act of discovering" (Sense 1), but the actual findings/breakthroughs themselves.
    *   Sense 2 ("something that is discovered") is very general.
    *   Sense 3 ("a productive insight", synonyms: "breakthrough", "find") fits scientific advancements that lead to further developments (like "predictive tests" and "new therapies").
    *   In scientific contexts, when discoveries "lead" somewhere or are turned into "therapies," they are usually viewed as breakthroughs or significant finds (Sense 3) rather than just any random object that was found (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered" (e.g., "The discovery of gold in California").
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" / "breakthrough" (e.g., "The discovery of penicillin changed medicine").
    *   The context here is about scientific progress in genetics leading to medical applications. This strongly aligns with "breakthrough" or "productive insight."

    *   Sense 1: Act of discovering (No, it's referring to the results).
    *   Sense 2: Something discovered (Possible, but Sense 3 is more specific to scientific breakthroughs).
    *   Sense 3: Productive insight/breakthrough (Best fit for scientific discoveries leading to therapies).
    *   Sense 4: Legal term (No).

    *   "Where these discoveries will lead..."
    *   "...turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests..."
    *   These phrases emphasize the *impact* and *utility* of the findings, which points directly to Sense 3 (breakthrough/productive insight).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "only"
    *   Target surface form: "only"
    *   Context: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate."

    *   Sense 1: "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just, but). Example: "I was merely asking."
    *   Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone). Example: "was entirely to blame."
    *   Sense 3: "with nevertheless the final result". Example: "He arrived only to find his wife dead."
    *   Sense 4: "in the final outcome". Example: "These news will only make you more upset."
    *   Sense 5: "except that". Example: "It was the same story; only this time she came out better."
    *   Sense 6: "never except when" (only if, only when). Example: "call me only if your cold gets worse."
    *   Sense 7: "as recently as". Example: "I spoke to him only an hour ago."

    *   Sentence: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."
    *   Meaning: Scientists are unable to do more than speculate; they can *merely* speculate.
    *   Substitution test:
        *   "scientists can *merely* speculate" (Works well)
        *   "scientists can *simply* speculate" (Works well)
        *   "scientists can *just* speculate" (Works well)
        *   "scientists can *exclusively* speculate" (Doesn't fit as well as "merely")
        *   "scientists can *solely* speculate" (Possible, but "merely" captures the limitation better)

    *   Sense 1 ("and nothing more" / merely, simply, just) fits perfectly. It indicates that speculation is the only thing they can do; they cannot know for sure.

    *   Sense 2 (exclusively/solely) is close, but "merely" (Sense 1) is the standard interpretation for "can only [verb]" when it implies a limitation of ability or possibility.
    *   Sense 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are clearly incorrect based on the context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speculate
Target surface form: speculate
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speculate%2:31:01:: | definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | synonyms=theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
2. sense_key=speculate%2:32:00:: | definition=talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion | examples=We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal
3. sense_key=speculate%2:31:00:: | definition=reflect deeply on a subject | synonyms=chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon; philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years
4. sense_key=speculate%2:40:00:: | definition=invest at a risk | synonyms=job | examples=I bought this house not because I want to live in it but to sell it later at a good price, so I am speculating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `speculate`
    *   Context: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific research into tumor-suppressor genes and the potential for new tests and therapies. The sentence in question refers to the future outcomes of these discoveries.

    *   Sense 1: `speculate%2:31:01::` - to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds (synonyms: theorize, conjecture, hypothesize).
    *   Sense 2: `speculate%2:32:00::` - talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way... without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion.
    *   Sense 3: `speculate%2:31:00::` - reflect deeply on a subject (synonyms: ponder, contemplate).
    *   Sense 4: `speculate%2:40:00::` - invest at a risk (financial).

    *   The sentence "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate" means that scientists can only make educated guesses or form hypotheses about the future implications of their findings because the evidence isn't definitive yet.
    *   Sense 4 (financial) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 3 (deep reflection/meditation) is less likely; they aren't just "pondering" the question of God, they are trying to predict scientific outcomes.
    *   Sense 2 (talking over casually/idly) doesn't fit the professional scientific context as well as Sense 1.
    *   Sense 1 (believe on uncertain/tentative grounds, theorize, hypothesize) fits perfectly. Scientists are theorizing or conjecturing about the future direction of the research.

    *   Sense 1: "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds" / "theorize, conjecture, hypothesize".
    *   Context: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."
    *   This matches the act of making a conjecture or hypothesis about the future.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `major`
    *   Target surface form: `major`
    *   Context: "Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `major%3:00:06`: of greater importance or stature or rank (e.g., a major artist; a major role)
        2.  `major%3:00:02`: greater in scope or effect (e.g., a major contribution; a major improvement)
        3.  `major%3:00:01`: greater in number or size or amount (e.g., a major portion of the population)
        4.  `major%3:00:05`: field of academic study
        5.  `major%3:00:04`: scale or mode (music)
        6.  `major%3:00:07`: greater seriousness or danger (e.g., a major earthquake)
        7.  `major%3:00:03`: full legal age
        8.  `major%5:00:00:senior:00`: elder of two boys

    *   The phrase is "two major pharmaceutical companies".
    *   The companies mentioned are Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
    *   These are large, well-known, influential companies.
    *   "Major" here describes the stature, importance, or size of the companies.

    *   Sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank" (e.g., a major artist). This fits well with "major pharmaceutical companies" (companies of high stature/importance).
    *   Sense 2: "greater in scope or effect" (e.g., a major contribution). This usually describes an action or a change, not an entity like a company.
    *   Sense 3: "greater in number or size or amount" (e.g., a major portion). While these companies are large in size, "major" in the context of "major companies" usually refers to their prominence/stature in the industry. However, sense 1 specifically mentions "stature or rank".
    *   Sense 6: "greater seriousness or danger". Not applicable.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 (importance/stature/rank) and Sense 3 (number/size/amount).
    *   "Major companies" typically means the most important or prominent ones in the field.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "a major artist". An artist is a person/entity of stature.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "a major portion". This refers to quantity.
    *   "Major pharmaceutical companies" refers to the leading companies in the industry (stature/rank).

    *   Sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank" -> Fits "major pharmaceutical companies".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unit
Target surface form: unit
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unit%1:23:00:: | definition=any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange | synonyms=unit of measurement | examples=the dollar is the United States unit of currency; a unit of wheat is a bushel
2. sense_key=unit%1:24:00:: | definition=an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole | examples=the reduced the number of units and installations; the word is a basic linguistic unit
3. sense_key=unit%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization regarded as part of a larger social group | synonyms=social unit | examples=the coach said the offensive unit did a good job; after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit
4. sense_key=unit%1:09:00:: | definition=a single undivided whole | examples=an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another
5. sense_key=unit%1:17:00:: | definition=a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else | synonyms=building block | examples=units of nucleic acids
6. sense_key=unit%1:03:00:: | definition=an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity | synonyms=whole | examples=how big is that part compared to the whole?; the team is a unit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `unit`
    *   Target surface form: `unit`
    *   Context: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Standard of measurement or exchange (e.g., dollar, bushel).
        2.  Structural or functional constituent of a whole (e.g., linguistic unit, installation).
        3.  Organization regarded as part of a larger social group (e.g., offensive unit, military unit).
        4.  Single undivided whole (e.g., an idea).
        5.  Single undivided natural thing in composition (e.g., building block, nucleic acids).
        6.  Assemblage of parts regarded as a single entity (e.g., the team is a unit).

    *   The phrase is "the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co."
    *   Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. is a large pharmaceutical company.
    *   The "Squibb unit" refers to a specific division or branch of that larger company.

    *   Sense 1: Measurement/exchange. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Structural/functional constituent of a whole. (Possible, but usually refers to physical structures or abstract components like linguistic units).
    *   Sense 3: Organization regarded as part of a larger social group. (Strong fit. A corporate division is an organization within a larger organization).
    *   Sense 4: Single undivided whole. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Building block/natural thing. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Assemblage of parts as a single entity. (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 3 mentions "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group" and gives examples like "offensive unit" (sports team part) and "soldier... rejoining his unit" (military). A corporate division (the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.) fits this description of a sub-organization within a larger entity.
    *   Sense 2 is more general ("structural or functional constituent"), but Sense 3 specifically targets "organization," which is exactly what a corporate unit is.

    *   The "Squibb unit" is a business division.
    *   Sense 3: "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group".
    *   Sense 2: "an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole".
    *   Comparing 2 and 3: Sense 3 is more specific to organizational structures (social groups, military, sports, and by extension, corporate). Sense 2 is broader. In WordNet, corporate divisions are typically mapped to the "organization" sense of unit.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit for a corporate division.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: collaborate
Target surface form: collaborating
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:00:: | definition=work together on a common enterprise of project | synonyms=join forces, cooperate, get together | examples=The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well; We joined forces with another research group
2. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:01:: | definition=cooperate as a traitor | examples=he collaborated with the Nazis when they occupied Paris

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `collaborate`
    *   Target surface form: `collaborating`
    *   Context: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies... are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `collaborate%2:41:00::`: work together on a common enterprise or project (synonyms: join forces, cooperate, get together).
        2.  `collaborate%2:41:01::`: cooperate as a traitor.

    *   The sentence describes pharmaceutical companies working with "gene hunters" (researchers) to develop predictive tests and therapies based on genetic discoveries.
    *   This is a professional partnership for a scientific/medical goal.

    *   Sense 1: Working together on a project (scientific research/drug development). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Cooperating as a traitor. This does not fit the context at all.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hunter
Target surface form: hunters
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene <t>hunters</t> to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hunter%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who hunts game | synonyms=huntsman
2. sense_key=hunter%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who searches for something | examples=a treasure hunter
3. sense_key=hunter%1:17:00:: | definition=a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel | synonyms=Orion
4. sense_key=hunter%1:06:00:: | definition=a watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal | synonyms=hunting watch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hunter`
    *   Target surface form: `hunters`
    *   Context: "...two major pharmaceutical companies... are collaborating with gene <t>hunters</t> to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `someone who hunts game` (huntsman)
        2.  `a person who searches for something` (example: treasure hunter)
        3.  `a constellation` (Orion)
        4.  `a watch with a hinged metal lid` (hunting watch)

    *   The phrase is "gene hunters".
    *   The context discusses scientists searching for genes involved in cancer (chromosome 18, chromosome 5, chromosome 3, retinoblastoma suppressor gene).
    *   "Gene hunters" refers to researchers searching for specific genes.

    *   Sense 1 (game hunter) is literal hunting of animals. Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2 (person who searches for something) fits perfectly. "Gene hunters" are people searching for genes, similar to "treasure hunters".
    *   Sense 3 (constellation) is not applicable.
    *   Sense 4 (watch) is not applicable.

    *   The best fit is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turn
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to <t>turn</t> the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 16}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `turn`
    *   Target surface form: `turn`
    *   Context: "...collaborating with gene hunters to <t>turn</t> the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

    *   The phrase is "turn [the anticipated cascade of discoveries] into [predictive tests and... new therapies]."
    *   This describes a process of transformation: taking one thing (discoveries) and making them into something else (tests/therapies).

    *   Sense 1: change orientation or direction (physical/abstract) - No.
    *   Sense 2: undergo a transformation or change of position or action (intransitive/reflexive usually) - No.
    *   Sense 3: undergo a change or development (become) - No (this is usually intransitive: "water turned into ice").
    *   Sense 4: cause to move around or rotate - No.
    *   Sense 5: change to the contrary (reverse) - No.
    *   Sense 6: pass to the other side of - No.
    *   Sense 7: pass into a condition gradually (become) - No.
    *   Sense 8: let fall or spill - No.
    *   Sense 9: move around an axis - No.
    *   Sense 10: cause to move around a center to show another side - No.
    *   Sense 11: send or let go - No.
    *   Sense 12: break and turn over earth - No.
    *   Sense 13: shape by rotating on a lathe - No.
    *   Sense 14: change color - No.
    *   Sense 15: twist suddenly (sprain) - No.
    *   Sense 16: cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics (Example: "turn lead into gold", "turn the frog into a prince") - **Yes**. This matches the "turn X into Y" structure and the meaning of transformation.
    *   Sense 17: accomplish by rotating - No.
    *   Sense 18: get by buying and selling (turn a profit) - No.
    *   Sense 19: cause to move along an axis or into a new direction - No.
    *   Sense 20: channel attention - No.
    *   Sense 21: cause plastic object to assume crooked form - No.
    *   Sense 22: alter functioning or setting - No.
    *   Sense 23: direct at someone - No.
    *   Sense 24: have recourse to - No.
    *   Sense 25: go sour - No.
    *   Sense 26: become one year older - No.

    *   The context "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests" perfectly matches Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics". The examples "turn lead into gold" and "turn the frog into a prince" follow the same "turn [A] into [B]" pattern.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of <t>discoveries</t> into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discoveries`
    *   Context: The text discusses scientists (Dr. Vogelstein, Ray White, Walter Bodmer, Dr. Minna) searching for genes involved in various cancers (colon, lung). It mentions isolating genes on chromosomes 18, 5, and 3. It then says, "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate," and "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `discovery%1:04:00::`: the act of discovering something (the process).
        2.  `discovery%1:10:00::`: something that is discovered (the result/object).
        3.  `discovery%1:09:00::`: a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
        4.  `discovery%1:10:01::`: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   The text refers to the identification of specific genes (e.g., on chromosome 18, 5, 3).
    *   "Where these discoveries will lead..." refers to the findings themselves.
    *   "...turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests..." refers to the scientific breakthroughs/findings.
    *   Sense 1 (the act) is less likely because the text focuses on the *results* (the genes found) and what will happen *because* of them.
    *   Sense 2 (something that is discovered) is a general term for the result.
    *   Sense 3 (a productive insight/breakthrough) is more specific to scientific progress and "finds."

    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered" (very broad).
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" (synonyms: breakthrough, find).
    *   In scientific contexts, finding a gene that leads to new therapies is typically characterized as a "breakthrough" or a "find" (Sense 3).
    *   Looking at the phrase "cascade of discoveries," it implies a series of significant scientific findings/breakthroughs.

    *   Sense 1: Act of discovering (No).
    *   Sense 2: Something discovered (Possible, but generic).
    *   Sense 3: Productive insight/breakthrough (Strong fit for scientific research leading to therapies).
    *   Sense 4: Legal discovery (No).

    *   Is it just "something discovered" (Sense 2) or a "breakthrough/find" (Sense 3)?
    *   The context "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies" strongly suggests that these are not just random things found, but significant scientific breakthroughs.
    *   WordNet often distinguishes between the general "something discovered" and the more specific "breakthrough/find." In a scientific research context, "discovery" almost always maps to the "breakthrough" sense when it leads to further application.

    *   Sense 3 synonyms: breakthrough, find.
    *   The text mentions "finding another gene," "reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved," etc. These are "finds" or "breakthroughs."

    *   Sense 2 is the most general.
    *   Sense 3 is the specific application to scientific/intellectual breakthroughs.
    *   Given the context of medical research and the potential for new therapies, Sense 3 is the most precise.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, <t>new</t> therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "new"
    *   Context: "...turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, <t>new</t> therapies."
    *   Meaning: The text discusses scientific discoveries (genes) leading to the development of therapies that don't exist yet or have just been discovered/created.

    *   Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" (e.g., a new law, new cars).
    *   Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (synonyms: fresh, novel).
    *   Sense 3: "lacking training or experience" (inexperienced).
    *   Sense 4: "having no previous example or precedent or parallel" (unprecedented).
    *   Sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different" (e.g., my new car).
    *   Sense 6: "unaffected by use or exposure" (like new).
    *   Sense 7: "gratuitously new" (newfangled).
    *   Sense 8: "in use after medieval times" (New Egyptian).
    *   Sense 9: "current stage in its development" (Modern English).
    *   Sense 10: "harvested at an early stage" (new potatoes).
    *   Sense 11: "unfamiliar" (new experiences).

    *   The context is about scientific research leading to the creation of therapies.
    *   "New therapies" means therapies that are being developed or have just been discovered/created as a result of the research.
    *   Sense 1 ("having just... come into being or been made or acquired or discovered") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("original and of a kind not seen before") is close, but "new" in the context of medical treatments usually refers to the fact that they are recently developed (Sense 1) rather than being "novel" in a theoretical or mathematical sense (though they are novel, Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "new products/treatments").
    *   Sense 4 ("unprecedented") is too strong.
    *   Sense 5 ("different from the former") doesn't fit as well as Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" -> "new therapies" (recently made/discovered). This is the most natural fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers <t>say</t> new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `say`
    *   Context: "Some researchers <t>say</t> new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - General communication.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Asserting something as a fact or claim.
    *   Sense 3: express a supposition (suppose) - Hypothetical ("Let's say...").
    *   Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read) - Written text ("The law says...").
    *   Sense 5: give instructions/direct (order, tell) - Command.
    *   Sense 6: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce) - Phonetics.
    *   Sense 7: communicate or express nonverbally - Non-verbal.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud - Physical act of speaking.
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - Expressing a view.
    *   Sense 10: recite or repeat a fixed text - Ritual/Prayer.
    *   Sense 11: indicate - Instrument/Clock.

    *   "Some researchers say new cancer drugs... may be based on..."
    *   The researchers are making a claim or reporting a scientific hypothesis/finding.
    *   This is a report of a scientific assertion.

    *   Sense 1 (express in words) is very general.
    *   Sense 2 (report or maintain) fits well when researchers are asserting a claim or reporting a finding.
    *   Sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement) also fits, but scientific claims are usually framed as reports of findings or maintained theories rather than just personal opinions.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is the most basic form of "say". Sense 2 is more specific to reporting a claim or maintaining a position.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war." These are assertions of fact or belief.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you." These are simple expressions of desire or information.
    *   In scientific writing, "researchers say" usually means they are reporting a finding or maintaining a hypothesis.

    *   Sense 2: "report or maintain" (synonyms: allege, aver).
    *   Sense 1: "express in words" (synonyms: state, tell).
    *   In the context of "Some researchers say [that]...", they are reporting a scientific possibility/claim. This aligns closely with "report or maintain".

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "report or maintain".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "express in words".
    *   Often, in these datasets, "say" in the sense of "state that" or "report that" is mapped to Sense 2 if it's an assertion of a claim.
    *   Let's check Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".
    *   The sentence "Some researchers say new cancer drugs... may be based on..." is a report of a scientific view.
    *   Is it "reporting" (Sense 2) or "stating an opinion" (Sense 9)? Scientific claims are usually treated as reports of findings or maintained theories.

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell)
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver)
    *   In many WSD tasks, "say" meaning "state that" (especially when reporting someone's words/claims) is Sense 1 or Sense 2.
    *   Sense 2 is specifically for reporting or maintaining a claim. "Some researchers say [that]..." is exactly that.

    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Simple statement).
    *   Sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (Maintaining a position/reporting a belief).
    *   The researchers' statement "new cancer drugs... may be based on..." is a maintained scientific position/hypothesis.

    *   Sense 2 seems the most precise for reporting a claim or hypothesis.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say <t>new</t> cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `new`
    *   Target surface form: `new`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say <t>new</t> cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
    *   Meaning: The text discusses the development of cancer drugs based on recent genetic discoveries. "New cancer drugs" refers to drugs that have been recently developed or are being developed (not yet in common use or just discovered).

    *   Sense 1: `not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered` (Examples: a new law; new cars).
    *   Sense 2: `original and of a kind not seen before` (Synonyms: fresh, novel).
    *   Sense 3: `lacking training or experience` (Synonyms: raw).
    *   Sense 4: `having no previous example or precedent or parallel` (Synonyms: unexampled).
    *   Sense 5: `other than the former one(s); different`.
    *   Sense 6: `unaffected by use or exposure`.
    *   Sense 7: `(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new` (Synonyms: newfangled).
    *   Sense 8: `in use after medieval times`.
    *   Sense 9: `used of a living language; being the current stage in its development`.
    *   Sense 10: `(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development`.
    *   Sense 11: `unfamiliar`.

    *   The context is about scientific discovery and the creation of therapies/drugs.
    *   "New cancer drugs" means drugs that are being developed or have recently been discovered/created.
    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
    *   Sense 2 ("original and of a kind not seen before") is close, but "new" in the context of drugs usually refers to the fact that they are recently developed (Sense 1) rather than being fundamentally "novel" in a theoretical sense (though they often are both). However, Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "new products/drugs".
    *   Sense 5 ("other than the former one") doesn't fit as well as Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" -> Fits "new cancer drugs".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: slow
Target surface form: slow
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=slow%2:30:00:: | definition=lose velocity; move more slowly | synonyms=decelerate, slow down, slow up, retard | examples=The car decelerated
2. sense_key=slow%2:30:01:: | definition=become slow or slower | synonyms=slow down, slow up, slack, slacken | examples=Production slowed
3. sense_key=slow%2:30:05:: | definition=cause to proceed more slowly | synonyms=slow down, slow up | examples=The illness slowed him down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `slow`
    *   Target surface form: `slow`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `slow%2:30:00::`: lose velocity; move more slowly (intransitive/reflexive - e.g., "The car decelerated")
        2.  `slow%2:30:01::`: become slow or slower (intransitive - e.g., "Production slowed")
        3.  `slow%2:30:05::`: cause to proceed more slowly (transitive - e.g., "The illness slowed him down")

    *   The sentence is: "...new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth..."
    *   Here, "slow" is used as a transitive verb. The subject (implied) is "new cancer drugs" and the object is "tumor growth".
    *   The drugs are intended to *cause* the tumor growth to proceed more slowly.

    *   Sense 1: "lose velocity; move more slowly" (Intransitive - the subject itself slows down). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: "become slow or slower" (Intransitive - the subject itself becomes slower). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "cause to proceed more slowly" (Transitive - the subject causes something else to slow down). This fits perfectly. "Drugs to slow [cause to proceed more slowly] tumor growth."

    *   Sense 3 is the only transitive option provided that fits the context of an agent (drugs) acting upon an object (tumor growth).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reverse
Target surface form: reverse
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or <t>reverse</t> tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reverse%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, turn | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
2. sense_key=reverse%2:30:01:: | definition=turn inside out or upside down | synonyms=turn back, invert
3. sense_key=reverse%2:31:00:: | definition=rule against | synonyms=overrule, overturn, override, overthrow | examples=The Republicans were overruled when the House voted on the bill
4. sense_key=reverse%2:32:00:: | definition=cancel officially | synonyms=revoke, annul, lift, countermand, repeal, overturn | examples=He revoked the ban on smoking; lift an embargo
5. sense_key=reverse%2:30:03:: | definition=reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of | synonyms=invert | examples=when forming a question, invert the subject and the verb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reverse`
    *   Target surface form: `reverse`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or <t>reverse</t> tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "reverse tumor growth" means to change the direction of the growth (from growing to shrinking) or to undo the process of growth.

    *   Sense 1: `change to the contrary` (synonyms: change by reversal, turn; example: "The trend was reversed").
    *   Sense 2: `turn inside out or upside down` (synonyms: turn back, invert).
    *   Sense 3: `rule against` (synonyms: overrule, overturn, override, overthrow).
    *   Sense 4: `cancel officially` (synonyms: revoke, annul, lift, countermand, repeal, overturn).
    *   Sense 5: `reverse the position, order, relation, or condition of` (synonyms: invert).

    *   Sense 3 and 4 are legal/official (rule against, cancel officially), which doesn't fit "tumor growth".
    *   Sense 2 is physical orientation (inside out/upside down), which doesn't fit "tumor growth".
    *   Sense 5 is about position, order, or relation (invert), which is more about structure than a process like growth.
    *   Sense 1 is "change to the contrary". If tumor growth is the trend/process, reversing it means changing it to the opposite (shrinking). This fits the context of "slow or reverse tumor growth".

    *   "Slow or reverse tumor growth" -> Slowing it down or making it go in the opposite direction (shrinking).
    *   Sense 1: "change to the contrary" (e.g., "The trend was reversed"). Tumor growth is a trend/process. Reversing it changes it to the contrary.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor <t>growth</t> may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `growth`
    *   Target surface form: `growth`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor <t>growth</t> may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
    *   Key phrase: "tumor growth"

    *   Sense 1: (biology) process of an individual organism growing organically (maturation, development).
    *   Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms (culture).
    *   Sense 3: process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important (increase, increment).
    *   Sense 4: vegetation that has grown.
    *   Sense 5: gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence).
    *   Sense 6: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing (hair).

    *   The context is about cancer, specifically "tumor growth".
    *   "Tumor growth" refers to the proliferation of cancer cells, which is an abnormal proliferation of tissue.
    *   Sense 6 specifically mentions "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".

    *   Sense 3 (increase/becoming larger) is a general sense of growth.
    *   Sense 6 is a specific medical/pathological sense that explicitly mentions tumors.
    *   In the phrase "slow or reverse tumor growth", "growth" refers to the process of the tumor increasing in size/mass due to abnormal cell proliferation.
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". This can be interpreted as the *result* (the tumor itself) or the *process* (the proliferation).
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous".
    *   In "slow or reverse tumor growth", "growth" is the process of the tumor getting bigger.
    *   However, Sense 6 is specifically tailored to pathology and tumors. Let's re-read Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)". Proliferation is the process of rapid reproduction of cells.
    *   Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 6: Sense 3 is general increase. Sense 6 is specific to pathology/tumors. Usually, in WSD, the most specific sense that fits is the correct one.

    *   "slow or reverse tumor growth"
    *   If "growth" meant the tumor itself (the mass), you wouldn't "slow" it, you would "shrink" it or "remove" it. You "slow" the *process* of growth.
    *   Sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue". Proliferation is a process.
    *   Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger".
    *   Both describe a process. Sense 6 is the pathological version.

    *   Sense 6: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
    *   This fits perfectly with "tumor growth".

    *   Sense 1: Organism growing (not a tumor).
    *   Sense 2: Simpler to complex (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3: General increase (applicable, but less specific than 6).
    *   Sense 4: Vegetation (not applicable).
    *   Sense 5: Emergence (not applicable).
    *   Sense 7: Something grown (like hair) (not applicable).

    *   Sense 6 is the most precise fit for "tumor growth".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be <t>based</t> on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `base`
    *   Target surface form: `based`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be <t>based</t> on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

    *   Sense 1: `base%2:31:00::` | definition: "use as a basis for; found on" | synonyms: "establish, ground, found" | example: "base a claim on some observation"
    *   Sense 2: `base%2:42:04::` | definition: "situate as a center of operations" | example: "we will base this project in the new lab"
    *   Sense 3: `base%2:34:00::` | definition: "use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes" | synonyms: "free-base"

    *   The sentence says "new cancer drugs... may be based on the suppressor proteins".
    *   This means the drugs are developed using the suppressor proteins as a foundation or basis.
    *   This matches Sense 1 ("use as a basis for; found on").
    *   It does not match Sense 2 (location/center of operations).
    *   It does not match Sense 3 (drug use/cocaine).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: produce
Target surface form: produced
Context:
Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally <t>produced</t> by the genes. The idea would be to administer to patients the growth-controlling proteins made by healthy versions of the damaged genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=produce%2:36:02:: | definition=bring forth or yield | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The tree would not produce fruit
2. sense_key=produce%2:36:00:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=make, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
3. sense_key=produce%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen, occur or exist | synonyms=bring about, give rise | examples=This procedure produces a curious effect; The new law gave rise to many complaints
4. sense_key=produce%2:39:01:: | definition=bring out for display | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The proud father produced many pictures of his baby; The accused brought forth a letter in court that he claims exonerates him
5. sense_key=produce%2:36:05:: | definition=cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques | synonyms=grow, raise, farm | examples=The Bordeaux region produces great red wines; They produce good ham in Parma
6. sense_key=produce%2:39:00:: | definition=bring onto the market or release | synonyms=bring on, bring out | examples=produce a movie; bring out a book
7. sense_key=produce%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `produce`
    *   Target surface form: `produced`
    *   Context: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally <t>produced</t> by the genes."
    *   Key phrase: "suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."

    *   Sense 1: `bring forth or yield` (e.g., tree producing fruit).
    *   Sense 2: `create or manufacture a man-made product` (e.g., producing cars).
    *   Sense 3: `cause to happen, occur or exist` (e.g., procedure produces an effect).
    *   Sense 4: `bring out for display` (e.g., produced pictures of his baby).
    *   Sense 5: `cultivate by growing` (e.g., region produces wines).
    *   Sense 6: `bring onto the market or release` (e.g., produce a movie).
    *   Sense 7: `come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)` (e.g., grew a beard).

    *   The context describes genes producing proteins.
    *   In biological terms, genes "produce" proteins through transcription and translation.
    *   Is this "bringing forth or yielding" (Sense 1)? Yes, biological production (like a tree producing fruit) fits this general category of yielding a natural product.
    *   Is it "creating or manufacturing a man-made product" (Sense 2)? No, proteins are not man-made.
    *   Is it "causing to happen, occur or exist" (Sense 3)? While proteins are caused to exist, Sense 1 is more specific to biological yield.
    *   Is it "bringing out for display" (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it "cultivating by growing" (Sense 5)? No.
    *   Is it "bringing onto the market" (Sense 6)? No.
    *   Is it "developing a physical feature" (Sense 7)? No.

    *   Sense 1: "bring forth or yield" (Example: "The tree would not produce fruit"). This is the standard sense for biological production (genes producing proteins, plants producing fruit).
    *   Sense 3: "cause to happen, occur or exist". This is more abstract (e.g., a law producing complaints).

    *   The phrase "proteins normally produced by the genes" is analogous to "fruit produced by the tree". Both are biological processes of synthesis/yielding.

    *   Sense 1: `produce%2:36:02::` (bring forth or yield)
    *   Sense 2: `produce%2:36:00::` (create or manufacture)
    *   Sense 3: `produce%2:36:03::` (cause to happen)
    *   Sense 4: `produce%2:39:01::` (bring out for display)
    *   Sense 5: `produce%2:36:05::` (cultivate)
    *   Sense 6: `produce%2:39:00::` (bring onto market)
    *   Sense 7: `produce%2:29:00::` (develop/acquire)

    The best fit is Sense 1.