[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all <t>cancers</t>. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses gene probes, eye tumors, chromosome 13, and the loss of gene copies leading to the "eruption of a cancer." Dr. Knudson mentions "retinoblastoma" and claims that what is true of it would be true for all "cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is medical/biological (gene probes, tumors, chromosomes, retinoblastoma, Cancer Research Center).
    *   "Retinoblastoma" is a type of eye cancer.
    *   The phrase "all cancers" refers to various types of malignant growths.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition of a malignant growth/tumor.
    *   Senses 2, 3, 4 are astrological/astronomical.
    *   Sense 5 is biological (genus of crabs).

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the medical context.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: audacious
Target surface form: audacious
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an <t>audacious</t> claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:bold:00 | definition=invulnerable to fear or intimidation | synonyms=brave, dauntless, fearless, hardy, intrepid, unfearing | examples=audacious explorers; fearless reporters and photographers
2. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:unashamed:00 | definition=unrestrained by convention or propriety; ; ; - Los Angeles Times; ; ; - Bertrand Russell | synonyms=barefaced, bodacious, bald-faced, brassy, brazen, brazen-faced | examples=an audacious trick to pull; a barefaced hypocrite
3. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:adventurous:00 | definition=disposed to venture or take risks | synonyms=daring, venturesome, venturous | examples=audacious visions of the total conquest of space; an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "audacious"
    *   Context: Dr. Knudson claimed that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. The text says, "It was an audacious claim."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `bold`: invulnerable to fear or intimidation (brave, dauntless).
        2.  `unashamed`: unrestrained by convention or propriety (brazen, barefaced).
        3.  `adventurous`: disposed to venture or take risks (daring, venturesome).

    *   The "claim" is that a specific finding in one type of cancer (retinoblastoma) applies to *all* cancers.
    *   This is a scientific hypothesis/claim.
    *   Is it "invulnerable to fear" (Sense 1)? No, a claim isn't a person who is brave.
    *   Is it "unrestrained by convention or propriety" (Sense 2)? No, it's not a "barefaced" or "brazen" lie or trick.
    *   Is it "disposed to venture or take risks" (Sense 3)? Yes. In the context of a scientific claim, "audacious" means daring, bold in a risky way, or pushing boundaries (like "audacious visions of the total conquest of space").

    *   Sense 1: Focuses on courage/fearlessness (usually people).
    *   Sense 2: Focuses on impudence/shamelessness.
    *   Sense 3: Focuses on daring/risk-taking/ambition (often applied to ideas, plans, or visions).

    *   The claim is a daring scientific hypothesis. This fits "adventurous" (daring, venturesome) best.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious <t>claim</t>. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `claim`
    *   Context: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers." It was an audacious <t>claim</t>.
    *   Meaning: Dr. Knudson asserted that a specific biological mechanism (loss of both copies of a gene) applies to all cancers. This is an assertion of a fact or a scientific hypothesis.

    *   Sense 1: assertion of a right (money/property) - No.
    *   Sense 2: assertion that something is true or factual - Yes. (Example: "his claim that he was innocent")
    *   Sense 3: demand for something as rightful or due - No.
    *   Sense 4: informal right to something - No.
    *   Sense 5: established or recognized right - No.
    *   Sense 6: a demand (call of duty) - No.

    *   The context describes a scientific hypothesis/assertion ("what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers"). This fits perfectly with "an assertion that something is true or factual".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a <t>young</t> molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "young"
    *   Target surface form: "young"
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein, a <t>young</t> molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (living things/persons) early period of life or development or growth (synonym: immature).
        2.  (crops) harvested at an early stage.
        3.  suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh (synonym: youthful).
        4.  being in its early stage (e.g., young industry).
        5.  not tried or tested by experience (synonym: inexperienced).

    *   The word "young" describes Dr. Vogelstein, a molecular biologist.
    *   Dr. Vogelstein is a person.
    *   In this context, "young" refers to his age/stage of life (he was early in his career/life at the time).

    *   Sense 1: "used of living things especially persons in an early period of life or development or growth". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Crops. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Suggestive of youth/vigorous. (This is more about appearance or spirit than chronological age/stage of life).
    *   Sense 4: Early stage of a non-living thing (industry). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Inexperienced. (While a young biologist might be inexperienced, "young" here primarily refers to his age/stage of life, and Sense 1 is the most direct description of a person's age).

    *   Sense 1 is the standard meaning for a person's age.
    *   Sense 5 is a metaphorical extension (inexperienced).
    *   The context "a young molecular biologist" typically refers to his age/career stage (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believed
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, <t>believed</t> Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `believe`
    *   Target surface form: `believed`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, <t>believed</t> Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment..."

    *   Sense 1: `accept as true; take to be true` (Example: "I believed his report")
    *   Sense 2: `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (Synonyms: think, consider, conceive; Example: "I believe her to be very smart")
    *   Sense 3: `be confident about something` (Synonym: trust; Example: "I believe that he will come back from the war")
    *   Sense 4: `follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer` (Example: "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too")
    *   Sense 5: `credit with veracity` (Example: "You cannot believe this man")

    *   The sentence says Dr. Vogelstein "believed Dr. Knudson was right".
    *   This means he accepted the proposition "Dr. Knudson was right" as true.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: `accept as true; take to be true`. This fits perfectly.
        *   Sense 2: `judge or regard`. While similar, "believed [that] Dr. Knudson was right" is more about accepting a truth claim than judging a quality.
        *   Sense 3: `be confident about something`. This is more about trust/hope.
        *   Sense 4: `follow a credo`. Not applicable.
        *   Sense 5: `credit with veracity`. This usually means believing the *person* is telling the truth (e.g., "I believe you"), whereas "believed Dr. Knudson was right" focuses on the truth of the claim/conclusion.

    *   Sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true" (Example: "I believed his report")
    *   Sense 5: "credit with veracity" (Example: "You cannot believe this man")
    *   In the context "believed Dr. Knudson was right", Vogelstein is accepting the *proposition* (that Knudson was right) as true. This aligns best with Sense 1. Sense 5 is more about the reliability of the source.

    *   Sense 2: "judge or regard; look upon; judge" (Synonyms: think, consider). "I believe [that] he is smart" is often interchangeable with "I think [that] he is smart". "I believe Dr. Knudson was right" could be "I think Dr. Knudson was right".
    *   However, Sense 1 "accept as true" is the most direct fit for believing a scientific hypothesis or a claim of being "right".

    *   Sense 1: accept as true; take to be true.
    *   Sense 2: judge or regard; look upon; judge.
    *   Sense 5: credit with veracity.
    *   "believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> Vogelstein accepted the claim that Knudson was right as true. This is the definition of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "I believed his report" (Accepting the content of the report as true).
    *   Context: "believed Dr. Knudson was right" (Accepting the content of Knudson's claim as true).
    *   This is a very strong match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: right
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%3:00:00:: | definition=being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north | examples=my right hand; right center field
2. sense_key=right%3:00:02:: | definition=free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth | synonyms=correct | examples=the correct answer; the correct version
3. sense_key=right%5:00:01:proper:00 | definition=socially right or correct | synonyms=correct | examples=it isn't right to leave the party without saying goodbye; correct behavior
4. sense_key=right%3:00:01:: | definition=in conformance with justice or law or morality | examples=do the right thing and confess
5. sense_key=right%3:00:04:: | definition=correct in opinion or judgment | synonyms=correct | examples=time proved him right
6. sense_key=right%5:00:00:appropriate:00 | definition=appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs | synonyms=proper | examples=everything in its proper place; the right man for the job
7. sense_key=right%3:00:03:: | definition=of or belonging to the political or intellectual right
8. sense_key=right%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=in or into a satisfactory condition | examples=things are right again now; put things right
9. sense_key=right%5:00:00:right-handed:00 | definition=intended for the right hand | synonyms=right-hand | examples=a right-hand glove
10. sense_key=right%5:00:02:proper:00 | definition=in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure | synonyms=correct | examples=what's the right word for this?; the right way to open oysters
11. sense_key=right%5:00:00:perpendicular:00 | definition=having the axis perpendicular to the base | examples=a right angle
12. sense_key=right%5:00:00:outside:00 | definition=(of the side of cloth or clothing) facing or intended to face outward | examples=the right side of the cloth showed the pattern; be sure your shirt is right side out
13. sense_key=right%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
14. sense_key=right%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=precisely accurate | synonyms=veracious | examples=a veracious account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "right"
    *   Target surface form: "right"
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein... believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment..."
    *   Meaning: Dr. Vogelstein believed Dr. Knudson's claim/opinion/judgment was correct.

    *   1: Directional (east when facing north) - No.
    *   2: Free from error; conforming to fact or truth (e.g., correct answer) - Possible.
    *   3: Socially right or correct - No.
    *   4: Conformance with justice/law/morality - No.
    *   5: Correct in opinion or judgment (e.g., time proved him right) - Very strong match.
    *   6: Appropriate for a condition/purpose - No.
    *   7: Political/intellectual right - No.
    *   8: Satisfactory condition - No.
    *   9: Right-handed - No.
    *   10: Accord with accepted standards of usage - No.
    *   11: Perpendicular - No.
    *   12: Outside of cloth - No.
    *   13: Opportune - No.
    *   14: Precisely accurate (veracious) - Possible, but usually refers to accounts or descriptions.

    *   Sense 2: "free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth" (e.g., "the correct answer").
    *   Sense 5: "correct in opinion or judgment" (e.g., "time proved him right").

    The context says "believed Dr. Knudson was right". This refers to Dr. Knudson's *claim* ("It was an audacious claim") and his *conviction* ("I was convinced that..."). This is a judgment or opinion about a scientific theory. Sense 5 specifically mentions "correct in opinion or judgment" and provides the example "time proved him right", which mirrors the structure "believed Dr. Knudson was right".

    Sense 5 is the most precise fit for being correct in one's opinion or judgment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set_out
Target surface form: set out
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and <t>set out</t> to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set_out%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=set_out%2:35:00:: | definition=lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line | synonyms=range, array, lay out | examples=lay out the clothes; lay out the arguments
3. sense_key=set_out%2:38:00:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off | examples=The family took off for Florida

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `set_out`
    *   Target surface form: `set out`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein... believed Dr. Knudson was right, and <t>set out</t> to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."

    *   Sense 1: `take the first step or steps in carrying out an action` (Synonyms: get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about). Example: "We began working at dawn."
    *   Sense 2: `lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line` (Synonyms: range, array, lay out). Example: "lay out the clothes."
    *   Sense 3: `leave` (Synonyms: depart, part, start, start out, set off). Example: "The family took off for Florida."

    *   The sentence says Dr. Vogelstein "set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment".
    *   This means he began the process of repeating the experiment.
    *   This matches Sense 1 ("take the first step or steps in carrying out an action").
    *   It does not mean he physically left a location (Sense 3) or arranged things in a line (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repeat
Target surface form: repeat
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repeat%2:32:00:: | definition=to say, state, or perform again | synonyms=reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell | examples=She kept reiterating her request
2. sense_key=repeat%2:36:00:: | definition=make or do or perform again | synonyms=duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate | examples=He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick
3. sense_key=repeat%2:30:00:: | definition=happen or occur again | synonyms=recur | examples=This is a recurring story
4. sense_key=repeat%2:32:01:: | definition=to say again or imitate | synonyms=echo | examples=followers echoing the cries of their leaders
5. sense_key=repeat%2:41:00:: | definition=do over | synonyms=take over | examples=They would like to take it over again
6. sense_key=repeat%2:36:01:: | definition=repeat an earlier theme of a composition | synonyms=reprise, reprize, recapitulate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `repeat`
    *   Target surface form: `repeat`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein... believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
    *   Meaning: To perform a scientific experiment again to see if the results are consistent or applicable to other cases.

    *   Sense 1: `to say, state, or perform again` (Synonyms: reiterate, iterate, restate). Focuses on communication or general performance.
    *   Sense 2: `make or do or perform again` (Synonyms: duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate). Example: "He could never replicate his brilliant performance..."
    *   Sense 3: `happen or occur again` (Synonyms: recur).
    *   Sense 4: `to say again or imitate` (Synonyms: echo).
    *   Sense 5: `do over` (Synonyms: take over).
    *   Sense 6: `repeat an earlier theme of a composition` (Synonyms: reprise, recapitulate).

    *   The context is about a scientific experiment ("repeat the Cavenee experiment").
    *   In science, "repeating" an experiment means replicating it to verify results.
    *   Sense 2 specifically lists "replicate" and "duplicate" as synonyms and refers to performing an action again.
    *   Sense 1 is more about saying something again (reiterate) or general performance.
    *   Sense 2 fits the scientific context of replication perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "to say, state, or perform again" (reiterate) - Less precise for scientific replication.
    *   Sense 2: "make or do or perform again" (duplicate, replicate) - Very precise for scientific replication.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experiment
Target surface form: experiment
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee <t>experiment</t> in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experiment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation | synonyms=experimentation
2. sense_key=experiment%1:09:00:: | definition=the testing of an idea | synonyms=experimentation | examples=it was an experiment in living; not all experimentation is done in laboratories
3. sense_key=experiment%1:04:01:: | definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `experiment`
    *   Target surface form: `experiment`
    *   Context: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `experiment%1:04:00::`: the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation (synonym: experimentation).
        2.  `experiment%1:09:00::`: the testing of an idea (synonym: experimentation; example: "experiment in living").
        3.  `experiment%1:04:01::`: a venture at something new or different (example: "grow a beard").

    *   The context describes a scientific setting: "medicine", "gene", "cancer", "molecular biologist", "Johns Hopkins Medical School", "cells from other cancers", "research teams", "chromosome losses".
    *   The phrase "repeat the Cavenee experiment" refers to a specific scientific procedure or study conducted by Cavenee.
    *   This is a classic scientific experiment: a controlled test or investigation to verify a hypothesis (that loss of both copies of a gene leads to cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation". This fits perfectly with a scientific study in a lab involving cells and genes.
    *   Sense 2: "the testing of an idea". While scientific experiments test ideas, this sense is often used more broadly (e.g., "experiment in living"). Sense 1 is more specific to the "controlled test" nature of scientific research.
    *   Sense 3: "a venture at something new or different". This is too casual (e.g., growing a beard) and doesn't fit the scientific context.

    *   The context is clearly about a scientific investigation. Sense 1 specifically mentions "controlled test or investigation", which is the standard definition of a scientific experiment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in <t>cells</t> from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "cell"
    *   Target surface form: "cells"
    *   Context: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in <t>cells</t> from other cancers."
    *   Surrounding context: "medicine", "gene", "cancer", "molecular biologist", "Johns Hopkins Medical School", "chromosome losses", "childhood cancer of the kidney".

    *   Sense 1: any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb)
    *   Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    *   Sense 3: a device that delivers an electric current (electric cell)
    *   Sense 4: a small unit serving as part of a larger political movement (cadre)
    *   Sense 5: a hand-held mobile radiotelephone (cellphone)
    *   Sense 6: small room in which a monk or nun lives
    *   Sense 7: a room where a prisoner is kept (jail cell)

    *   The context is heavily medical and biological ("medicine", "gene", "cancer", "molecular biologist", "chromosome losses").
    *   The phrase "cells from other cancers" clearly refers to biological cells.

    *   Sense 2 is the biological definition.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from <t>other</t> cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from <t>other</t> cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.
        2.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past.
        3.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past.
        4.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality.

    *   The sentence is: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
    *   The context mentions "retinoblastoma" (a specific cancer) and then discusses repeating the experiment in "other cancers" (cancers that are not retinoblastoma).
    *   This fits the definition of "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual" -> Does not fit.

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other <t>cancers</t>. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses medicine, genes, malignant growths (retinoblastoma, Wilm's tumor), and cancer research centers. Specifically, "repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other <t>cancers</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: astrology (person born in Cancer).
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological ("medicine", "gene", "retinoblastoma", "molecular biologist", "cells", "tumor").
    *   The word "cancers" refers to different types of malignant growths.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research <t>teams</t> in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `team`
    *   Target surface form: `teams`
    *   Context: "His was one of two research <t>teams</t> in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `team%1:14:00::`: a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
        2.  `team%1:14:01::`: two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

    *   The context refers to "research teams" reporting scientific findings about cancer.
    *   This describes a group of people working together toward a common goal (scientific research).
    *   Sense 1 ("a cooperative unit") fits this description perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("draft animals") is completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to <t>report</t> dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `report`
    *   Context: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to <t>report</t> dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `report%2:32:00::`: to give an account or representation of in words (describe, account).
        2.  `report%2:32:04::`: announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding.
        3.  `report%2:32:03::`: announce one's presence.
        4.  `report%2:32:01::`: make known to the authorities.
        5.  `report%2:32:13::`: be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism (cover).
        6.  `report%2:32:02::`: complain about; make a charge against.

    *   The sentence describes research teams announcing their findings ("dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer").
    *   This is a scientific context where researchers are publishing or announcing the results of their experiments/investigations.

    *   Sense 1: "give an account or representation of in words" (too general).
    *   Sense 2: "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding" (perfect fit: "The team reported significant advances in their research").
    *   Sense 3: "announce one's presence" (incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: "make known to the authorities" (incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: "be responsible for reporting... as in journalism" (incorrect).
    *   Sense 6: "complain about" (incorrect).

    *   The context "research teams... to report dual chromosome losses" aligns exactly with "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dual
Target surface form: dual
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report <t>dual</t> chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dual%5:00:00:multiple:00 | definition=consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs | synonyms=double, duple | examples=an egg with a double yolk; a double (binary) star
2. sense_key=dual%5:00:02:multiple:00 | definition=having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities; ; - R.W.Emerson; -Frederick Harrison | synonyms=double, twofold, treble, threefold | examples=a double (or dual) role for an actor; the office of a clergyman is twofold; public preaching and private influence
3. sense_key=dual%5:00:00:plural:00 | definition=a grammatical number category referring to two items or units as opposed to one item (singular) or more than two items (plural) | examples=ancient Greek had the dual form but it has merged with the plural form in modern Greek

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "dual"
    *   Target surface form: "dual"
    *   Context: "...report <t>dual</t> chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer..."
    *   Meaning: The context refers to the loss of *two* chromosomes (or two copies of a gene/chromosome).

    *   Sense 1: `dual%5:00:00:multiple:00` - "consisting of or involving two parts or components usually in pairs" (Synonyms: double, duple). Example: "an egg with a double yolk".
    *   Sense 2: `dual%5:00:02:multiple:00` - "having more than one decidedly dissimilar aspects or qualities" (Synonyms: double, twofold, treble, threefold). Example: "a double (or dual) role for an actor".
    *   Sense 3: `dual%5:00:00:plural:00` - "a grammatical number category referring to two items or units..." (Linguistic term).

    *   The context "dual chromosome losses" means that two chromosomes were lost.
    *   This fits Sense 1 (consisting of or involving two parts/components).
    *   It does not fit Sense 2 (dissimilar aspects/qualities).
    *   It does not fit Sense 3 (grammatical number).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loss
Target surface form: losses
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome <t>losses</t> for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
2. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation
5. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
7. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
8. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `loss`
    *   Target surface form: `losses`
    *   Context: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome <t>losses</t> for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."
    *   Meaning: The context refers to the disappearance or absence of chromosomes (specifically, the loss of both copies of a gene/chromosome) in cancer cells.

    *   Sense 1: `something that is lost` (e.g., "the car was a total loss").
    *   Sense 2: `gradual decline in amount or activity` (e.g., "weight loss").
    *   Sense 3: `the act of losing someone or something` (e.g., "his loss was a shock").
    *   Sense 4: `the disadvantage that results from losing something` (e.g., "loss of credibility").
    *   Sense 5: `the experience of losing a loved one`.
    *   Sense 6: `the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue`.
    *   Sense 7: `military personnel lost by death or capture`.
    *   Sense 8: `euphemistic expressions for death`.

    *   The context is biological/genetic: "loss of both copies of the same gene", "dual chromosome losses".
    *   Is it a "gradual decline" (Sense 2)? No, chromosome loss in this context usually refers to the absence of the genetic material.
    *   Is it "the act of losing" (Sense 3)? It describes the state or the event of the chromosomes being gone.
    *   Is it "something that is lost" (Sense 1)? "Dual chromosome losses" refers to the chromosomes that were lost.

    *   Sense 1: "something that is lost" (e.g., "the car was a total loss"). In "chromosome losses", the "losses" are the chromosomes themselves that are missing.
    *   Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity" (e.g., "weight loss"). While "loss of gene" sounds like a decline, "chromosome losses" usually refers to the specific entities (chromosomes) that are gone.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something". This is the process.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    "report dual chromosome losses" -> They reported that chromosomes were lost.
    If I say "the loss of a gene", it's often the *act* or *fact* of losing it.
    If I say "chromosome losses", it often refers to the specific instances of loss (the things lost).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "something that is lost".
    Example: "the car was a total loss". Here, "loss" refers to the car.
    Example: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt". Here, "loss" refers to the livestock.
    In "chromosome losses", the "losses" are the chromosomes.

    Let's look at Sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something".
    Example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". This is about losing a competition.

    Let's look at Sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    Example: "weight loss". This is a reduction.

    In genetics, "loss of heterozygosity" or "chromosome loss" refers to the disappearance of a chromosome or part of it.
    Is it the *act* of losing (Sense 3) or the *thing* lost (Sense 1)?
    "report dual chromosome losses" -> They reported that two chromosomes were lost.
    In "loss of livestock", "loss" is the livestock.
    In "chromosome losses", "losses" are the chromosomes.

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "something that is lost".
    If the sentence was "the loss of the gene", it could be Sense 3 (the act).
    But "chromosome losses" (plural) strongly suggests the things that were lost.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "gradual decline in amount or activity".
    Weight loss is a reduction. Chromosome loss is a reduction in the number of chromosomes.
    However, "losses" (plural) is rarely used for "gradual decline" (which is usually uncountable). You don't usually say "weight losses" unless referring to different people.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 1: "something that is lost" (the object).
    Sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something" (the event).

    "report dual chromosome losses"
    If they reported the *act* of losing, it would be "the loss of chromosomes".
    If they reported the *things* lost, it would be "chromosome losses".

    Let's look at the first sentence: "the loss of both copies of the same gene". This is the *fact* or *act* of losing them.
    The second instance: "dual chromosome losses". This refers to the specific instances/objects lost.

    Sense 1: "something that is lost"
    Example: "loss of livestock" (the livestock are the loss).
    "chromosome losses" (the chromosomes are the losses).

    This fits best.

    Sense 1: something that is lost.
    Sense 2: gradual decline.
    Sense 3: act of losing.
    Sense 4: disadvantage.
    Sense 5: losing a loved one.
    Sense 6: financial loss.
    Sense 7: military casualties.
    Sense 8: death.

    "Chromosome losses" = the chromosomes that were lost. This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: childhood
Target surface form: childhood
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare <t>childhood</t> cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=childhood%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of person's life when they are a child
2. sense_key=childhood%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of a child between infancy and adolescence | synonyms=puerility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `childhood`
    *   Target surface form: `childhood`
    *   Context: "...report dual chromosome losses for a rare <t>childhood</t> cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `childhood%1:28:00::`: the time of person's life when they are a child.
        2.  `childhood%1:26:00::`: the state of a child between infancy and adolescence | synonyms=puerility.

    *   The phrase is "childhood cancer".
    *   In this context, "childhood" describes the type of cancer, specifically one that occurs during the period of a person's life when they are a child.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the *time* of life.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *state* of being a child (often associated with puerility/immaturity).

    *   "Childhood cancer" refers to cancer that occurs during the *time* of childhood.
    *   Sense 1 ("the time of person's life when they are a child") fits perfectly as an attributive adjective describing the period during which the cancer occurs.
    *   Sense 2 ("the state of a child... puerility") refers more to the quality or condition of being childlike or the developmental stage, and "puerility" is definitely not the intended meaning here.

    *   Sense 1 is the standard meaning for "childhood" when used to describe diseases or events occurring in that age group.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood <t>cancer</t> of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses gene loss, malignant growths, "Fox Chase Cancer Research Center", "retinoblastoma", "cells from other cancers", "childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor", "colon cancer", and "lung cancer".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, focusing on oncology (malignant tumors, genes, research centers, specific types of cancer like retinoblastoma, Wilm's tumor, colon cancer, and lung cancer).
    *   Sense 1 matches this perfectly.
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 relate to astrology/astronomy.
    *   Sense 5 relates to zoology (crabs).

    *   The target word "cancer" in "childhood <t>cancer</t> of the kidney" refers to a malignant growth.
    *   This aligns with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney <t>called</t> Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `call`
    *   Target surface form: `called`
    *   Context: "...report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney <t>called</t> Wilm's tumor."
    *   Meaning: The cancer is named "Wilm's tumor".

    *   Sense 1: `assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to` (synonym: `name`). Example: "They named their son David".
    *   Sense 2: `ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality`. Example: "He called me a bastard".
    *   Sense 3: `get or try to get into communication... by telephone`.
    *   Sense 4: `utter a sudden loud cry`.
    *   Sense 5: `order, request, or command to come`.
    *   Sense 6: `pay a brief visit`.
    *   Sense 7: `call a meeting`.
    *   Sense 8: `read aloud to check for omissions`.
    *   Sense 9: `send a message... by radio, phone, etc.`.
    *   Sense 10: `utter a characteristic note or cry`.
    *   Sense 11: `stop or postpone because of adverse conditions`.
    *   Sense 12: `greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name`.
    *   Sense 13: `make a stop in a harbour`.
    *   Sense 14: `demand payment of (a loan)`.
    *   Sense 15: `make a demand, as for a card...`.
    *   Sense 16: `give the calls... for a square dance`.
    *   Sense 17: `indicate a decision in regard to`.
    *   Sense 18: `make a prediction about`.
    *   Sense 19: `require the presentation of for redemption`.
    *   Sense 20: `challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement`.
    *   Sense 21: `declare in the capacity of an umpire`.
    *   Sense 22: `lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal`.
    *   Sense 23: `order or request or give a command for`.
    *   Sense 24: `order, summon, or request for a specific duty`.
    *   Sense 25: `utter in a loud voice or announce`.
    *   Sense 26: `challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of`.
    *   Sense 27: `consider or regard as being`.
    *   Sense 28: `rouse somebody from sleep`.

    *   The context is "a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."
    *   "Wilm's tumor" is a proper name for the specific type of cancer.
    *   Sense 1: `assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to` fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: `ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality` (e.g., "called her lazy") does not fit.
    *   Sense 27: `consider or regard as being` (e.g., "I would not call her beautiful") does not fit.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_to
Target surface form: turned
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next <t>turned</t> his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_to%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=address | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=turn_to%2:30:00:: | definition=direct one's interest or attention towards; go into | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; People turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `turn_to`
    *   Target surface form: `turned`
    *   Context: "Dr. Vogelstein next <t>turned</t> his attention colon cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `turn_to%2:32:01::` (speak to / address)
        2.  `turn_to%2:30:00::` (direct one's interest or attention towards; go into)

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer..." (Note: there's a missing "to" in the provided text "attention colon cancer", but the meaning is clear: "turned his attention to colon cancer").
    *   The action is shifting focus or interest from one research topic (Wilm's tumor) to another (colon cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "speak to" / "address". This doesn't fit. He isn't speaking to colon cancer.
    *   Sense 2: "direct one's interest or attention towards; go into". This fits perfectly. He directed his attention to colon cancer.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: second
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the <t>second</t> biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. sense_key=second%3:00:00:: | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "second"
    *   Target surface form: "second"
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the <t>second</t> biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `second%5:00:00:ordinal:00`: coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude.
        2.  `second%3:00:00::`: a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first.

    *   The phrase is "the second biggest cancer killer".
    *   This refers to a ranking (magnitude/degree) of cancer killers.
    *   Lung cancer is first, colon cancer is second.

    *   Sense 1: "coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first". This refers to music or hierarchy in a specific context (like "second flute"), which does not fit here.

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: big
Target surface form: biggest
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second <t>biggest</t> cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=big%3:00:01:: | definition=above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=large | examples=a large city; set out for the big city
2. sense_key=big%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=significant | examples=graduation was a big day in his life
3. sense_key=big%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
4. sense_key=big%5:00:00:loud:00 | definition=loud and firm | examples=a big voice; big bold piano sounds
5. sense_key=big%5:00:00:conspicuous:00 | definition=conspicuous in position or importance | synonyms=large, prominent | examples=a big figure in the movement; big man on campus
6. sense_key=big%5:00:00:intemperate:00 | definition=prodigious | synonyms=heavy | examples=big spender; big eater
7. sense_key=big%5:00:02:proud:00 | definition=exhibiting self-importance | synonyms=boastful, braggart, bragging, braggy, cock-a-hoop, crowing | examples=big talk
8. sense_key=big%5:00:00:proud:00 | definition=feeling self-importance | synonyms=swelled, vainglorious | examples=too big for his britches; had a swelled head
9. sense_key=big%5:00:00:mature:01 | definition=(of animals) fully developed | synonyms=adult, full-grown, fully grown, grown, grownup | examples=an adult animal; a grown woman
10. sense_key=big%5:00:00:heavy:08 | definition=marked by intense physical force | examples=a big wind
11. sense_key=big%5:00:00:generous:02 | definition=generous and understanding and tolerant | synonyms=large, magnanimous | examples=a heart big enough to hold no grudges; that's very big of you to be so forgiving
12. sense_key=big%5:00:00:generous:01 | definition=given or giving freely | synonyms=bighearted, bounteous, bountiful, freehanded, handsome, giving | examples=was a big tipper; the bounteous goodness of God
13. sense_key=big%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=enceinte, expectant, gravid, great, large, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `big`
    *   Target surface form: `biggest`
    *   Context: "...colon cancer, the second <t>biggest</t> cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "biggest cancer killer" refers to the cancer that causes the most deaths (highest number/quantity of deaths).

    *   Sense 1: `above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent` (synonym: large). Example: "a large city".
    *   Sense 2: `significant`. Example: "graduation was a big day".
    *   Sense 3: `very intense`. Example: "a bad headache".
    *   Sense 4: `loud and firm`. Example: "a big voice".
    *   Sense 5: `conspicuous in position or importance`. Example: "a big figure in the movement".
    *   Sense 6: `prodigious`. Example: "big spender".
    *   Sense 7: `exhibiting self-importance`. Example: "big talk".
    *   Sense 8: `feeling self-importance`. Example: "too big for his britches".
    *   Sense 9: `(of animals) fully developed`. Example: "an adult animal".
    *   Sense 10: `marked by intense physical force`. Example: "a big wind".
    *   Sense 11: `generous and understanding and tolerant`. Example: "heart big enough".
    *   Sense 12: `given or giving freely`. Example: "big tipper".
    *   Sense 13: `in an advanced stage of pregnancy`. Example: "big with child".

    *   The phrase "biggest cancer killer" refers to the number of deaths caused by the cancer.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "above average in size or **number or quantity** or magnitude or extent".
    *   This fits perfectly. "Biggest" here means the one with the highest number of deaths.

    *   Sense 2 (significant) is too vague.
    *   Sense 5 (conspicuous in importance) is close, but "biggest killer" is usually a quantitative measure (number of deaths), not just a qualitative measure of importance.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest <t>cancer</t> killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest <t>cancer</t> killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor (medical)
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: person born under Cancer (astrology)
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation (astronomy)
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac (astrology)
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: genus Cancer (biology/crustaceans)

    *   The context mentions "Fox Chase Cancer Research Center", "retinoblastoma", "cancers", "molecular biologist", "Johns Hopkins Medical School", "chromosome losses", "childhood cancer of the kidney", "Wilm's tumor", "colon cancer", and "lung cancer".
    *   The specific phrase is "the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition (malignant growth/tumor).

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division..." - This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Astronomy (constellation) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Astrology (sign) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Biology (genus of crabs) - Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: killer
Target surface form: killer
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer <t>killer</t> in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=killer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who causes the death of a person or animal | synonyms=slayer
2. sense_key=killer%1:26:00:: | definition=the causal agent resulting in death | synonyms=cause of death | examples=heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States
3. sense_key=killer%1:09:00:: | definition=a difficulty that is hard to deal with | examples=that exam was a real killer
4. sense_key=killer%1:05:00:: | definition=predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas | synonyms=killer whale, orca, grampus, sea wolf, Orcinus orca

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "killer"
    *   Target surface form: "killer"
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer <t>killer</t> in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Someone who causes the death of a person or animal (slayer).
        2.  The causal agent resulting in death (cause of death). Example: "heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States".
        3.  A difficulty that is hard to deal with.
        4.  Predatory black-and-white toothed whale (orca).

    *   The sentence refers to "colon cancer" as the "second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer."
    *   In this context, "killer" refers to the disease (colon cancer) that causes death.

    *   Sense 1: "someone who causes the death" (usually refers to a person/animal).
    *   Sense 2: "the causal agent resulting in death" (specifically mentions "heart disease is the biggest killer in the United States"). This matches the context perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "a difficulty that is hard to deal with" (metaphorical).
    *   Sense 4: "predatory black-and-white toothed whale".

    *   Sense 2 is the exact match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
"It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the <t>U.S.</t> after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `u.s.`
    *   Target surface form: `U.S.`
    *   Context: "...Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the <t>U.S.</t> after lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `u.s.%1:14:00::`: The federal government of the United States.
        2.  `us%1:15:00::`: The North American republic (the country).

    *   The sentence discusses cancer statistics ("the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S.").
    *   "Cancer killer" refers to the impact of the disease on the population of a geographic region/country, not on the government.
    *   Therefore, "U.S." refers to the country (the United States of America), not the federal government.

    *   Sense 1: Government.
    *   Sense 2: Country.
    *   The context clearly points to Sense 2.