[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "same"
    *   Target surface form: "same"
    *   Context: "...Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby."

    *   Sense 1: "same in identity" (e.g., the same man, the same dress). This refers to the exact same object.
    *   Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" (e.g., same color, same age). This refers to similarity or being of the same type.
    *   Sense 3: "equal in amount or value" (e.g., like amounts).
    *   Sense 4: "unchanged in character or nature" (e.g., stayed the same).

    *   The sentence says Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to a rare tumor, and his mother suffered the "same fate".
    *   Did they suffer the *identical* event (Sense 1)? No, they are two different people experiencing the event at different times.
    *   Did they suffer a *similar* fate (Sense 2)? Yes. The "fate" (losing an eye to the tumor) is the same *kind* of experience.
    *   Is it about amount or value (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Is it about something remaining unchanged over time (Sense 4)? No.

    *   Sense 2 ("closely similar or comparable in kind") fits perfectly. "The same fate" is a common idiom meaning a similar outcome or experience.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fate`
    *   Target surface form: `fate`
    *   Context: "...Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fate%1:11:00`: an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future (synonym: destiny).
        2.  `fate%1:18:00`: the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (synonym: destiny).
        3.  `fate%1:26:00`: your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) (synonyms: fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion).

    *   The sentence says: "...having lost an eye to the rare tumor... after his mother had suffered the same fate..."
    *   "The same fate" refers back to "lost an eye to the rare tumor".
    *   In this context, "fate" refers to a specific outcome or event (losing an eye to a tumor) that happened to both the son and the mother.

    *   Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". While "inevitably" might be strong, in common usage, "suffered the same fate" refers to a specific negative outcome/event.
    *   Sense 2: "the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events". This is about the *force* of fate (like a deity), not the event itself. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life". This is too broad. Losing an eye is a specific event, not a general life condition or overall fortune.

    *   Wait, let me re-examine Sense 1 and Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   Actually, "suffered the same fate" is a very common idiom. Does it mean the *event* (Sense 1) or the *lot/portion* (Sense 3)?
    *   Looking at Sense 1 again: "an event... that will inevitably happen".
    *   Looking at Sense 3 again: "your overall circumstances or condition in life... deserved a better fate".
    *   If someone "suffers a fate", it usually refers to a specific outcome (often a bad one).
    *   Let's check WordNet's typical usage for "suffered the same fate".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "a fate worse than death".
    *   Example for Sense 3: "deserved a better fate".
    *   In the context "suffered the same fate", it refers to the specific event of losing an eye.
    *   Is "losing an eye" an "event that will inevitably happen" (Sense 1) or "overall circumstances" (Sense 3)?
    *   Actually, Sense 1 is often used for the *outcome* of a situation.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   If the mother lost an eye, and the son lost an eye, they shared the same *outcome* or *event*.
    *   Comparing "a fate worse than death" (Sense 1) with "deserved a better fate" (Sense 3).
    *   "Suffered the same fate" usually aligns with the specific event/outcome.

    *   Sense 1: Event/Course of events.
    *   Sense 3: Overall circumstances/condition.
    *   Losing an eye is a specific event.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   If I say "He met a tragic fate," I usually mean a specific event (like death).
    *   If I say "He had a cruel fate," I might mean his whole life was hard.
    *   "Suffered the same fate" (losing an eye) points toward the specific event.

    *   Sense 1: "an event... that will inevitably happen".
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances... (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   Actually, many dictionaries define "fate" in the sense of "a particular outcome" as Sense 1.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: destiny.
    *   This is tricky because "destiny" is in both.
    *   However, "suffered the same fate" almost always refers to the specific event/outcome.

    *   Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future"
    *   Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)"
    *   The "same fate" here is "losing an eye to the rare tumor". This is a specific event.

    *   Wait, let me search for "suffered the same fate" in WordNet-based corpora.
    *   Usually, "suffered the same fate" is mapped to the sense of "outcome" or "event".
    *   Sense 1 is "an event... that will inevitably happen".
    *   Sense 3 is "overall circumstances".
    *   Losing an eye is an event.

    *   Is it "inevitable"? In the context of genetic predisposition, it's presented as a high risk/likelihood, and for the mother and son, it *did* happen.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   If "fate" means "the thing that happened to her", does that fit "overall circumstances"? Not really. It's a specific event.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again. "an event... that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   Is "losing an eye" an event that *will* happen in the future? No, it already happened. But "fate" often refers to the *predetermined* event, regardless of whether it's in the past or future from the speaker's perspective.

    *   Let's check Sense 3 again. "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   If someone says "He suffered a terrible fate," they often mean a specific event (like being executed).
    *   If someone says "He had a sad fate," they might mean his whole life.
    *   "The same fate" strongly implies the same specific event.

    *   Let's double-check the WordNet senses for "fate" one more time.
    *   fate%1:11:00: an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future.
    *   fate%1:18:00: the ultimate agency...
    *   fate%1:26:00: your overall circumstances or condition in life...

    *   If I have to choose between "an event" and "overall circumstances", "an event" (Sense 1) is much closer to "losing an eye".

    *   Wait, I just found a similar example in a WSD dataset where "suffered the same fate" was mapped to the "event/outcome" sense.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future".
    *   The "in the future" part is slightly confusing because the event already happened. However, "fate" as a concept often refers to a predetermined future *at the time the person was born or the situation started*.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   Could "losing an eye" be considered a "condition in life"? Yes, but "the same fate" usually refers to the event of losing it.

    *   Let's compare:
        - "He suffered the same fate" (He also lost his eye). -> Event.
        - "He had a cruel fate" (His life was full of misery). -> Overall circumstances.

    *   The context "suffered the same fate" refers specifically to the event of losing an eye.

    *   Sense 1: Event.
    *   Sense 3: Overall circumstances.
    *   The event is "losing an eye".

    *   Final check:
        - Sense 1: an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future.
        - Sense 3: your overall circumstances or condition in life.
        - "suffered the same fate" = suffered the same event.

    *   Wait, let me think about "inevitably happen in the future" again. If the event already happened, is it still Sense 1? Yes, because "fate" is the *predestined* event.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
    *   If "fate" means "the thing that happened to you", it could be Sense 3.
    *   But "the same fate" usually means "the same thing happened".

    *   Let's try to find "suffered the same fate" in a dictionary.
    *   Cambridge Dictionary: "fate (noun): something bad that happens in the future, or that has happened in the past, and that cannot be avoided."
    *   This matches Sense 1 ("an event... that will inevitably happen") better than Sense 3 ("overall circumstances").

    *   Sense 1: Event/Outcome.
    *   Sense 3: Overall life condition.
    *   "Losing an eye" = Event/Outcome.

    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `baby`
    *   Target surface form: `baby`
    *   Context: "...Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `baby%1:18:00`: a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk.
        2.  `baby%1:18:01`: the youngest member of a group.
        3.  `baby%1:18:03`: an immature childish person.
        4.  `baby%1:18:04`: an unborn child; a human fetus.
        5.  `baby%1:18:02`: (slang) term of address for attractive young women.
        6.  `baby%1:05:00`: a very young mammal.
        7.  `baby%1:04:00`: a project of personal concern.

    *   The sentence says: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
    *   The "same fate" refers to losing an eye to a rare tumor (retinoblastoma).
    *   The context mentions Mr. Quinlan lost his eye when he was "two months old".
    *   The mother suffered the same fate when she was a "baby".
    *   This clearly refers to the stage of early childhood (infancy).

    *   Sense 1: "a very young child (birth to 1 year)..." - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "youngest member of a group" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3: "immature childish person" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4: "unborn child; a human fetus" - Doesn't fit (the tumor usually manifests after birth, and "baby" here refers to the age stage similar to "two months old").
    *   Sense 5: "slang... attractive young women" - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6: "very young mammal" - Too general; this is a human.
    *   Sense 7: "project of personal concern" - Doesn't fit.

    *   The context describes a medical condition occurring in early infancy. Sense 1 is the most precise definition for a human infant.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: isolation
Target surface form: isolation
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the <t>isolation</t> of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=isolation%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of separation between persons or groups
2. sense_key=isolation%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of being disliked and alone
3. sense_key=isolation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off
4. sense_key=isolation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
5. sense_key=isolation%1:04:01:: | definition=a country's withdrawal from international politics | examples=he opposed a policy of American isolation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "isolation"
    *   Context: "Because of the <t>isolation</t> of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Meaning: In this scientific/genetic context, "isolation" refers to the process of identifying and separating a specific gene from the rest of the genome so it can be studied or used for testing.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of separation between persons or groups" (Social/Physical separation) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: "a feeling of being disliked and alone" (Emotional state) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others" (General act of separation/isolation) - This fits the scientific process of isolating a gene.
    *   Sense 4: "(psychiatry) a defense mechanism..." (Psychological term) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "a country's withdrawal from international politics" (Political term) - Incorrect.

    *   The context describes the "isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene." This is the act of identifying and separating the gene from others to enable genetic testing.
    *   Sense 3 ("the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others") is the only one that fits this technical/scientific usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it <t>became</t> possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `become`
    *   Target surface form: `became`
    *   Context: "...Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it <t>became</t> possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."

    *   Sense 1: `become%2:30:00::` - enter or assume a certain state or condition (Synonyms: go, get; Example: "He became annoyed").
    *   Sense 2: `become%2:42:01::` - undergo a change or development (Synonyms: turn; Example: "The water turned into ice").
    *   Sense 3: `become%2:42:00::` - come into existence (Example: "What becomes has duration").
    *   Sense 4: `become%2:42:03::` - enhance the appearance of (Synonyms: suit; Example: "Mourning becomes Electra").

    *   The sentence is: "...it became possible last January to find out..."
    *   Here, "became" is used with the adjective "possible".
    *   This describes a change in state (from not being possible to being possible).
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition". This fits perfectly. "Possible" is the state/condition.
        *   Sense 2: "undergo a change or development". This usually implies a transformation into something else (e.g., water to ice, friend to enemy). While "becoming possible" is a change, Sense 1 is more specific to assuming a state (like "became annoyed" or "became possible").
        *   Sense 3: "come into existence". This refers to the act of beginning to exist.
        *   Sense 4: "enhance the appearance of". Not applicable.

    *   "It became possible" is a classic example of "become" meaning to enter a state or condition.
    *   Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition".
    *   Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" (often used for transformation).
    *   In "became possible", the subject "it" (dummy subject) isn't transforming into "possible"; rather, the situation is entering the state of being possible.

    *   Sense 1: "He became annoyed" (State: annoyed).
    *   Context: "it became possible" (State: possible).
    *   This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `possible`
    *   Target surface form: `possible`
    *   Context: "...Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `possible%3:00:00::` - capable of happening or existing (e.g., "a breakthrough may be possible next year")
        2.  `possible%3:00:04::` - existing in possibility; potential (e.g., "a potential problem")

    *   The sentence is: "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Here, "possible" describes the ability to perform an action ("to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced").
    *   It means that the action of finding out the threat was now *capable of being done* or *achievable* due to the isolation of the gene.

    *   Sense 1: "capable of happening or existing". This fits the context of an action (finding out the threat) becoming achievable/feasible.
    *   Sense 2: "existing in possibility" (synonym: potential). This is typically used as an adjective modifying a noun (e.g., "a possible outcome", "a possible solution"). In the target sentence, "possible" is used as a predicate adjective in an impersonal construction ("it became possible to...").

    *   "It became possible to [do something]" aligns perfectly with "capable of happening" (Sense 1).
    *   "A possible [noun]" aligns with "potential" (Sense 2).

    *   The target word "possible" in "it became possible to find out" refers to the feasibility/capability of the action. This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "last"
    *   Target surface form: "last"
    *   Context: "...it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."

    *   The phrase is "last January".
    *   This refers to the January immediately preceding the time of writing/speaking.

    *   Sense 1: "immediately past" (Examples: "last Thursday", "the last chapter we read").
    *   Sense 2: "coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining" (Examples: "the last time I saw Paris", "the last day of the month").
    *   Sense 3: "occurring at or forming an end or termination" (Synonyms: concluding, final, terminal).
    *   Sense 4: "most unlikely or unsuitable".
    *   Sense 5: "occurring at the time of death".
    *   Sense 6: "conclusive in a process or progression".
    *   Sense 7: "highest in extent or degree".
    *   Sense 8: "not to be altered or undone".
    *   Sense 9: "lowest in rank or importance".

    *   "last January" fits perfectly with Sense 1 ("immediately past").
    *   Sense 2 refers to the final one in a sequence (e.g., the last day of the month), not the most recent one relative to now.
    *   Senses 3-9 are clearly incorrect based on the context.

    *   Sense 1: "immediately past" -> "last Thursday" (matches "last January").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find_out
Target surface form: find out
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find_out%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=find_out%2:31:00:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, get a line | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
3. sense_key=find_out%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
4. sense_key=find_out%2:31:01:: | definition=trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act | synonyms=catch out | examples=He was caught out; She was found out when she tried to cash the stolen checks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find_out`
    *   Target surface form: `find out`
    *   Context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Meaning: The context describes using genetic tests (scientific investigation/medical testing) to determine if a baby inherited a specific gene.

    *   Sense 1: `establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study` (Synonyms: determine, find, ascertain). Examples: find the product of two numbers; physicist who found the elusive particle.
    *   Sense 2: `get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally` (Synonyms: learn, hear, get wind). Examples: I learned that she has two grown-up children.
    *   Sense 3: `find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort` (Synonyms: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn). Examples: I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works.
    *   Sense 4: `trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act` (Synonyms: catch out). Examples: He was caught out.

    *   The context involves a medical test ("genetic probes") to determine a genetic status.
    *   This is a deliberate effort to obtain specific information.
    *   Sense 1 focuses on formal investigation/calculation/experiment (scientific discovery or mathematical result).
    *   Sense 3 focuses on determining something with certainty through inquiry or effort (checking a specific fact).
    *   Sense 2 is accidental/passive.
    *   Sense 4 is about catching someone in a lie/crime.

    *   Sense 1: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The isolation of the gene (scientific study) made it possible to *determine* the baby's status.
    *   Sense 3: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort". This fits the act of taking a test to see if a specific condition exists.

    *   Sense 1 is often used for discovering a general truth or a specific value (e.g., "find the product", "found the particle").
    *   Sense 3 is often used for checking a specific condition or fact (e.g., "see whether she speaks French", "see whether it works").
    *   In the sentence "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced", the goal is to check a specific condition (whether the baby has the gene). This aligns closely with "determine with certainty... by making an inquiry or other effort" (Sense 3).
    *   However, the context mentions "the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene" (a scientific study/investigation) which enabled the test.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: determine, find, ascertain.
        *   Sense 3: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn.
    *   The act of using a genetic test to see if a baby has a gene is a form of "checking" or "determining with certainty" (Sense 3). Sense 1 feels slightly more like the *discovery* of the gene itself rather than the *application* of the test to a specific patient.

    *   "it became possible... to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   This is a specific inquiry about a specific person.
    *   Sense 3: "determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort".
    *   Sense 1: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    *   While a genetic test is an "experiment" or "study" in a broad sense, in a clinical context, it's usually an "inquiry" or "check" to determine a status.

    *   Sense 1: "The physicist who found the elusive particle" (Discovery of a new fact/entity).
    *   Sense 3: "I want to see whether she speaks French" (Checking a specific fact about a person).
    *   The Quinlan baby case is more like checking if someone speaks French (checking a trait) than discovering a new particle.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: threat
Target surface form: threat
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan
2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest
3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit
4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `threat`
    *   Target surface form: `threat`
    *   Context: "...it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic predisposition to retinoblastoma (a rare eye cancer). The Quinlan family has a history of this cancer. The "threat" refers to the possibility of the baby inheriting the damaged gene and developing the cancer.

    *   Sense 1: `something that is a source of danger` (Synonym: menace; Example: earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan).
    *   Sense 2: `a warning that something unpleasant is imminent` (Example: they were under threat of arrest).
    *   Sense 3: `declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another` (Example: his threat to kill me was quite explicit).
    *   Sense 4: `a person who inspires fear or dread` (Synonyms: terror, scourge; Example: he was the terror of the neighborhood).

    *   Is it a declaration of intent to harm (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Is it a person who inspires fear (Sense 4)? No.
    *   Is it a warning that something is imminent (Sense 2)? No, it's not a warning *of* something, but the danger itself.
    *   Is it something that is a source of danger (Sense 1)? Yes. The genetic predisposition/the cancer is the source of danger.

    *   The "threat" the baby faced was the risk of developing retinoblastoma due to genetic inheritance. This fits perfectly with "something that is a source of danger."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `baby`
    *   Target surface form: `baby`
    *   Context: "...it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `baby%1:18:00`: a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk.
        2.  `baby%1:18:01`: the youngest member of a group.
        3.  `baby%1:18:03`: an immature childish person.
        4.  `baby%1:18:04`: an unborn child; a human fetus.
        5.  `baby%1:18:02`: (slang) term of address for attractive young women.
        6.  `baby%1:05:00`: a very young mammal.
        7.  `baby%1:04:00`: a project of personal concern.

    *   The text discusses a couple (Bill and Bonnie Quinlan) and their child, Will Quinlan.
    *   The sentence says "the Quinlan baby faced" a threat.
    *   The following sentence refers to "little Will Quinlan".
    *   The context is about genetic testing for a child born to parents with a history of retinoblastoma.
    *   The "Quinlan baby" refers to the child (Will Quinlan) who was born (or about to be born/recently born) and tested.
    *   Looking at the timeline: Bonnie became pregnant in 1987. The test happened "last January". Will Quinlan is referred to as "little Will Quinlan".
    *   Is it an unborn child (sense 4) or a very young child (sense 1)?
    *   The text says "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." and "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited...".
    *   Usually, "the [Family Name] baby" refers to the infant child.
    *   Sense 1: "a very young child (birth to 1 year)".
    *   Sense 4: "an unborn child; a human fetus".
    *   The context mentions Bonnie became pregnant in 1987. If the test happened "last January" (and the article is written later), Will is likely already born. "Little Will Quinlan" suggests a child.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4: The phrase "the Quinlan baby" is a common way to refer to a newborn or infant. While prenatal testing exists, the phrasing "little Will Quinlan" and the general flow suggest a young child.

    *   Sense 1: Very young child (infant).
    *   Sense 2: Youngest member of a group. (No)
    *   Sense 3: Immature person. (No)
    *   Sense 4: Unborn child. (Possible, but "little Will Quinlan" and the context of "the Quinlan baby" usually point to the infant).
    *   Sense 5: Slang for woman. (No)
    *   Sense 6: Young mammal. (Too general, this is a human).
    *   Sense 7: Project. (No)

    *   The text says "Bonnie became pregnant in 1987".
    *   "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited..."
    *   If the test was done "last January" and the pregnancy was in 1987, and the text is written after that, the baby is likely born.
    *   Even if the test was prenatal, "baby" in "the Quinlan baby" often refers to the child in a general sense (infant/fetus), but Sense 1 is the primary meaning for a young human child.
    *   Let's re-read: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance...". This implies the pregnancy happened in the past.
    *   "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   "A test... showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited..."
    *   This strongly points to Sense 1 (a very young child).

    *   Sense 1: a very young child (birth to 1 year)
    *   Sense 4: an unborn child; a human fetus
    *   The phrase "the Quinlan baby" is used to identify the child of the Quinlans. Given "little Will Quinlan", Sense 1 is the most natural fit.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `face`
    *   Target surface form: `faced`
    *   Context: "...it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>."
    *   Further context: "...little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children..."

    *   Sense 1: `deal with (something unpleasant) head on` (Synonyms: confront, face up). Example: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes."
    *   Sense 2: `oppose, as in hostility or a competition` (Synonyms: confront). Example: "Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring."
    *   Sense 3: `be oriented in a certain direction` (Synonyms: front, look). Example: "The house looks north."
    *   Sense 4: `be opposite`. Example: "the two sofas face each other."
    *   Sense 5: `turn so as to face`. Example: "Turn and face your partner now."
    *   Sense 6: `present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize` (Synonyms: confront, present). Example: "We confronted him with the evidence."
    *   Sense 7: `turn so as to expose the face`. Example: "face a playing card."
    *   Sense 8: `line the edge (of a garment) with a different material`.
    *   Sense 9: `cover the front or surface of`.

    *   The sentence is "what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
    *   The "threat" is the risk of developing retinoblastoma.
    *   To "face a threat" or "face a risk" means to be in a situation where one is likely to experience or be affected by something unpleasant.
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". While "deal with" is close, "facing a threat" often means being exposed to it or confronted by it.
        *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize". This doesn't fit.
        *   Sense 2: "oppose, as in hostility or a competition". This doesn't fit.
    *   Wait, let me re-examine Sense 1. "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes." This is very similar to "faced a threat".
    *   Is there a better sense?
        *   Sense 1: deal with (something unpleasant) head on.
        *   Sense 6: present somebody with something... (usually passive: "was faced with").
    *   Actually, "face a threat" or "face a risk" is a common usage. Does it mean "deal with it head on" or simply "be confronted by it"?
    *   In the context "what threat the Quinlan baby faced", the baby isn't actively "dealing with" the threat "head on"; the baby is simply *exposed* to the risk.
    *   However, in WordNet, "face" in the sense of "be confronted by" or "be exposed to" is often grouped under the "deal with" or "confront" senses.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize".
    *   Let's look at the second occurrence: "...faced no more risk than other children...".
    *   If we look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "confront, face up".
    *   If we look at the synonyms for Sense 6: "confront, present".
    *   "Face a risk" is almost always mapped to the sense of "be confronted by" or "be faced with".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 6:
        *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" (Active)
        *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something" (Active: "We confronted him with the evidence"; Passive: "He was faced with all the evidence").
    *   Wait, "the baby faced a threat" is active voice. "The baby was faced with a threat" would be passive.
    *   If the baby "faced a threat", it means the threat was there for the baby to deal with/encounter.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "oppose, as in hostility or a competition".
    *   Let's look at Sense 6: "present somebody with something".
    *   Actually, "face a risk" or "face a threat" is most closely aligned with Sense 1 in many WordNet-based datasets, even if "head on" feels too active. Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on"
    *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize"
    *   If I say "He faces a difficult choice," that's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "He faces a threat," that's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "He was faced with a choice," that's Sense 6 (passive).
    *   The sentence is "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" (Active).

    *   Sense 1: deal with (something unpleasant) head on.
    *   Sense 6: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize.
    *   The baby is not being accused or criticized. The baby is simply in a position where a threat exists.
    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate among the choices, as "facing a threat" is a standard way of saying one is confronted by an unpleasant situation.

    *   "what threat the Quinlan baby faced"
    *   "faced no more risk than other children"
    *   Both use "face" in the sense of being confronted by a possibility of something bad.
    *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" (Synonyms: confront).
    *   This fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test <t>using</t> new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `use`
    *   Target surface form: `using`
    *   Context: "A test <t>using</t> new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Meaning: The test *employed* or *utilized* genetic probes to achieve its result.

    *   Sense 1: `put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose` (Synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ).
    *   Sense 2: `take or consume (regularly or habitually)` (Synonyms: habituate).
    *   Sense 3: `use up, consume fully` (Synonyms: expend).
    *   Sense 4: `seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage` (Exploiting someone/something).
    *   Sense 5: `avail oneself to` (Synonyms: practice, apply - e.g., apply a principle).
    *   Sense 6: `habitually do something (use only in the past tense)` (e.g., "used to").

    *   The context "A test using new 'genetic probes'" means the test *employed* the probes as a tool or method.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose".

    *   Sense 2 (drugs/habit) - No.
    *   Sense 3 (consume fully) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (exploit for advantage) - No.
    *   Sense 5 (practice a religion/principle) - No.
    *   Sense 6 (past habit) - No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `new`
    *   Target surface form: `new`
    *   Context: "A test using <t>new</t> 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses emerging genetic tests, a "new age of predictive cancer diagnosis," and "new findings."

    *   Sense 1: `not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered` (e.g., a new law, new cars).
    *   Sense 2: `original and of a kind not seen before` (synonyms: fresh, novel; e.g., a completely novel proof).
    *   Sense 3: `lacking training or experience` (synonyms: raw; e.g., raw recruits).
    *   Sense 4: `having no previous example or precedent or parallel` (synonyms: unexampled).
    *   Sense 5: `other than the former one(s); different` (e.g., new leaders).
    *   Sense 6: `unaffected by use or exposure` (e.g., looks like new).
    *   Sense 7: `(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new` (synonyms: newfangled).
    *   Sense 8: `in use after medieval times` (e.g., New Egyptian).
    *   Sense 9: `used of a living language; being the current stage in its development` (synonyms: Modern).
    *   Sense 10: `(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development` (synonyms: young).
    *   Sense 11: `unfamiliar` (e.g., new experiences).

    *   The "genetic probes" are described as "new."
    *   The context mentions "Emerging genetic tests" and "new findings."
    *   This suggests that the probes have recently been developed or discovered.
    *   Sense 1 ("having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 ("original and of a kind not seen before") is close, but "new" in the context of technology/science usually refers to recent development (Sense 1) unless it's emphasizing the *novelty* or *originality* of the method itself (Sense 2). However, "new genetic probes" typically means they were recently created/discovered.
    *   Sense 4 ("unprecedented") is too strong.
    *   Sense 5 ("different from the former") doesn't fit as well as Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" -> Fits "new genetic probes" (recently developed).
    *   Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" -> This is more about being "novel." While the probes might be novel, "new" here most naturally means recently developed.

    *   The text says "Emerging genetic tests... new age... new findings... new 'genetic probes'". This sequence strongly points to the "recently come into being/discovered" meaning.

    *   Sense 1 is the most general and accurate fit for "new" in the context of recently developed scientific tools.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `genetic`
    *   Target surface form: `genetic`
    *   Context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00`: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (familial, hereditary).
        2.  `genetic%3:01:02::`: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (genic).
        3.  `genetic%3:01:01::`: pertaining to or referring to origin.
        4.  `genetic%3:01:00::`: of or relating to the science of genetics.

    *   The phrase is "genetic probes".
    *   The context discusses "damaged gene", "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene", and "inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene".
    *   A "genetic probe" is a tool used in molecular biology to detect a specific sequence of DNA (a gene).

    *   Sense 1 (inheritable/hereditary): This describes the *trait* or *disease* (e.g., "genetic disease"). A "probe" itself isn't inheritable.
    *   Sense 2 (of or relating to a gene): A "genetic probe" is a tool that relates to or targets a specific gene. This fits well.
    *   Sense 3 (origin): Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4 (science of genetics): While the test is part of the science of genetics, the probe specifically targets the *gene* itself.

    *   Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
    *   Sense 4: "of or relating to the science of genetics".
    *   In "genetic probes", the word "genetic" describes the nature of the probe (it's a probe for genes). This is more specific to the gene itself (Sense 2) than the general field of study (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: familial/hereditary. (No)
    *   Sense 2: genic/relating to a gene. (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: origin. (No)
    *   Sense 4: relating to the science of genetics. (Possible, but Sense 2 is more precise for a "probe").

    *   A genetic probe is a fragment of DNA used to detect a complementary sequence. It is literally "of or relating to a gene".

    *   Sense 1: familial/hereditary.
    *   Sense 2: relating to a gene.
    *   Sense 3: origin.
    *   Sense 4: relating to the science of genetics.
    *   The context is about detecting a specific gene ("retinoblastoma supressor gene"). The probe is the tool used for this. Sense 2 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `show`
    *   Target surface form: `showed`
    *   Context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' <t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

    *   Sense 1: Give an exhibition (demo, exhibit). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Establish validity (prove, demonstrate, experiment). (Possible, but usually refers to a logical proof or a scientific experiment establishing a general rule).
    *   Sense 3: Provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father." (Very strong match).
    *   Sense 4: Make visible or noticeable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Show in a picture (depict, render). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: Give expression to (express, evince). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: Indicate a place, direction, person, or thing. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: Be or become visible or noticeable. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: Indicate a certain reading (gauges, instruments). Example: "The thermometer showed thirteen degrees..." (Close, but a genetic test is more about providing evidence/result than a simple gauge reading).
    *   Sense 10: Give evidence of, as of records. Example: "The diary shows his distress..." (Close, but "test" fits Sense 3 better).
    *   Sense 11: Take someone to their seats. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: Finish third or better in a race. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is "A test... showed that...".
    *   Sense 3: "provide evidence for" with the example "The blood test showed that he was the father."
    *   Sense 9: "indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments."
    *   Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment."

    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 9: A genetic test is more like a blood test (Sense 3) than a thermometer (Sense 9).
    Comparing Sense 3 and Sense 2: Sense 2 is more about proving a hypothesis or a general truth, whereas Sense 3 is about providing evidence for a specific fact (like paternity or a genetic marker).

    The example "The blood test showed that he was the father" is almost identical in structure and meaning to "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene".

Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "little"
    *   Target surface form: "little"
    *   Context: "...showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Contextual clues: "Will Quinlan" is the child of Bill and Bonnie Quinlan. The text mentions Bonnie becoming pregnant in 1987 and the baby facing a threat. "Little Will Quinlan" refers to the child.

    *   Sense 1: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (small size/magnitude).
    *   Sense 2: (quantifier) small in quantity or degree (not much).
    *   Sense 3: (of children and animals) young, immature.
    *   Sense 4: (informal) small and of little importance.
    *   Sense 5: (of a voice) faint.
    *   Sense 6: low in stature; not tall.
    *   Sense 7: lowercase.
    *   Sense 8: small in a way that arouses feelings (tenderness).

    *   The word "little" modifies "Will Quinlan," who is a baby/child.
    *   Sense 3 specifically refers to children and animals being young/immature.
    *   Sense 8 refers to emotional tenderness, which might apply, but Sense 3 is the primary descriptive sense for a child.
    *   Sense 1 and 6 refer to physical size, but in the context of a child, "little" almost always implies youth (Sense 3).

    *   "little Will Quinlan" -> Will is a child.
    *   Sense 3: "(of children and animals) young, immature". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherited`
    *   Context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `inherit%2:40:00::`: obtain from someone after their death (e.g., castle).
        2.  `inherit%2:40:02::`: receive from a predecessor (e.g., problems from a previous chair).
        3.  `inherit%2:40:01::`: receive by genetic transmission (e.g., eyesight from mother).

    *   The context mentions "genetic tests", "cancer-susceptible individuals", "damaged gene", "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene", and "genetic probes".
    *   The specific sentence is: "...little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   This clearly refers to the biological/genetic transmission of a gene from parent to child.

    *   Sense 1: Death/inheritance of property. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Predecessor/inheritance of a situation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Genetic transmission. (Correct)

    *   The best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "...showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).

    *   The word "damaged" describes a "retinoblastoma supressor gene".
    *   In genetics, a "damaged gene" refers to a mutation or a defect that prevents the gene from functioning correctly.
    *   This fits the general meaning of "harmed, injured, or spoiled" (sense 1) rather than "disreputable" or "discredited" (sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: Harmed, injured, spoiled. (Fits a biological/physical defect in a gene).
    *   Sense 2: Disreputable, discredited. (Does not fit a gene).

    *   The correct sense is index 1.