[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publish
Target surface form: published
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently <t>published</t> a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publish%2:36:01:: | definition=put into print | synonyms=print | examples=The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce; These news should not be printed
2. sense_key=publish%2:32:00:: | definition=prepare and issue for public distribution or sale | synonyms=bring out, put out, issue, release | examples=publish a magazine or newspaper
3. sense_key=publish%2:36:00:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=write | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `publish`
    *   Target surface form: `published`
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently <t>published</t> a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

    *   Sense 1: `put into print` (Synonym: print). Focuses on the physical act of printing.
    *   Sense 2: `prepare and issue for public distribution or sale` (Synonyms: bring out, put out, issue, release). Focuses on the process of making a work available to the public.
    *   Sense 3: `have (one's written work) issued for publication` (Synonym: write). Focuses on the author's action of getting their work published.

    *   The subject is "The Foundation".
    *   The object is "a comparative study".
    *   The Foundation is an organization, not necessarily the individual author (though it can be a corporate author).
    *   The action is making a study available as part of a project.
    *   Sense 1 (put into print) is too narrow (could be digital).
    *   Sense 3 (have one's work issued) usually refers to the author's perspective (e.g., "The author published a book").
    *   Sense 2 (prepare and issue for public distribution) fits best for an organization releasing a study.

    *   Sense 2 is the standard meaning for an organization issuing a report or study.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comparative
Target surface form: comparative
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a <t>comparative</t> study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comparative%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or based on or involving comparison | examples=comparative linguistics
2. sense_key=comparative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=relative | examples=a relative stranger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `comparative`
    *   Target surface form: `comparative`
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently published a <t>comparative</t> study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `comparative%3:01:00::`: relating to or based on or involving comparison (e.g., comparative linguistics).
        2.  `comparative%3:00:00::`: estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete (synonym: relative; e.g., a relative stranger).

    *   The phrase is "a comparative study".
    *   The study "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability" and is "based on 195 personal interviews... in fifteen European countries."
    *   A study involving fifteen different countries is clearly based on comparing those countries.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to or based on or involving comparison". This fits perfectly. A "comparative study" is a standard term for a study that compares two or more groups/entities.
    *   Sense 2: "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete" (relative). This doesn't fit "comparative study" in this context. It would mean the study itself is "relative" or "not absolute," which is not the intended meaning.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative <t>study</t> as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `study`
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative <t>study</t> as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews..."

    *   Sense 1: a detailed critical inspection (survey)
    *   Sense 2: applying the mind to learning and understanding (work)
    *   Sense 3: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
    *   Sense 4: a state of deep mental absorption
    *   Sense 5: a room used for reading and writing
    *   Sense 6: a branch of knowledge (discipline, subject)
    *   Sense 7: preliminary drawing (sketch)
    *   Sense 8: attentive consideration and meditation (cogitation)
    *   Sense 9: someone who memorizes quickly
    *   Sense 10: a composition intended to develop technique

    *   The context says "The Foundation recently *published* a comparative study".
    *   It "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work".
    *   "The study is *based on 195 personal interviews*".
    *   This clearly refers to a research report or a written document describing findings.

    *   Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection) is the *process* of studying.
    *   Sense 3 (written document describing the findings) is the *result* of the study that gets published.
    *   Since the text says "published a comparative study" and "The study is based on...", it refers to the document/report.

    *   Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as <t>part</t> of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "part"
    *   Target surface form: "part"
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as <t>part</t> of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

    *   The phrase is "as part of the EPOC project".
    *   The "comparative study" is one element or component of a larger entity called the "EPOC project".

    *   Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" (synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent). Example: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself".
    *   Sense 2: "something less than the whole of a human artifact" (synonyms: portion). Example: "the rear part of the house".
    *   Sense 3: "a portion of a natural object" (synonyms: piece). Example: "they analyzed the river into three parts".
    *   Sense 4: "that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation". Example: "it requires vigilance on our part".
    *   Sense 5: "the extended spatial location of something" (synonyms: region). Example: "religions in all parts of the world".
    *   Sense 6: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" (synonyms: function, office, role). Example: "the government must do its part".
    *   Sense 7: "an actor's portrayal of someone in a play" (synonyms: character, role). Example: "she played the part of Desdemona".
    *   Sense 8: "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" (synonyms: share, portion). Example: "he wanted his share in cash".
    *   Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" (synonyms: section, division). Example: "the written part of the exam".
    *   Sense 10: "a line of scalp...".
    *   Sense 11: "the melody carried by a particular voice...".
    *   Sense 12: "the part played by a person in bringing about a result" (synonyms: contribution, share). Example: "I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project".

    *   The "comparative study" is a component or a constituent of the "EPOC project".
    *   Sense 1 ("something determined in relation to something that includes it") fits well.
    *   Sense 9 ("one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole") also seems plausible.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 9.
        *   Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" (component, constituent).
        *   Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided" (section, division).
    *   In "as part of the EPOC project", the study is a component of the project. "As part of" is a very common idiom meaning "as a component of" or "as a constituent of".
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself". This matches the "as part of [larger entity]" structure.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 9: "the written part of the exam". This is more about a division of a single entity.
    *   A project is an abstract entity composed of various activities, studies, and goals. A study is a component of that project.

    *   Sense 1: component part, constituent.
    *   Sense 9: section, division.
    *   "As part of the project" usually means the study is one of the elements that make up the project. This aligns better with "component" or "constituent" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it"
    *   Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1's example: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself". This is very close to "as part of the EPOC project".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 9's example: "the written part of the exam". This is a specific section.
    *   Is a study a "section" of a project or a "component" of a project? Usually, a component.

    *   Sense 1: component part, constituent.
    *   Sense 9: section, division.
    *   "As part of" often maps to Sense 1 in these types of disambiguation tasks when referring to membership in a larger whole.

    *   Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it"
    *   Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's structure (if I recall), Sense 1 is often used for "being a member of" or "being a component of".
    *   Let's check Sense 1 again: "something determined in relation to something that includes it".
    *   Let's check Sense 9 again: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided".
    *   The study isn't necessarily a "division" of the project in the way a "section" is, but it is a "component" of the project.

    *   Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"
    *   Sense 9: "the written part of the exam"
    *   "As part of the EPOC project" is much closer to "a part of something bigger than himself" than to "the written part of the exam".

    *   Sense 1: component part, constituent.
    *   Sense 9: section, division.
    *   A study is a constituent part of a project.

    *   Sense 1: part%1:24:00::
    *   Sense 9: part%1:09:00::
    *   Wait, let me double-check the sense keys provided in the prompt.
    *   1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: (something determined in relation to something that includes it)
    *   9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: (one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided)
    *   The phrase "as part of" is almost always Sense 1 when it means "as a member/component of".

    *   Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it"
    *   Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"
    *   If the project is seen as a whole and the study is one of the pieces it's divided into, Sense 9 could work. But "as part of" is more about the relationship of the study to the project (the study is included in the project).

    *   Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"
    *   Sense 9: "the written part of the exam"
    *   The "something bigger than himself" example is a perfect parallel to "the EPOC project".

    *   Sense 1: component part, constituent.
    *   Sense 9: section, division.
    *   A study is a constituent of a project.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assess
Target surface form: assesses
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which <t>assesses</t> the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assess%2:31:00:: | definition=evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of | synonyms=measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value | examples=I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional; access all the factors when taking a risk
2. sense_key=assess%2:40:01:: | definition=charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine
3. sense_key=assess%2:40:00:: | definition=set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine) | synonyms=tax
4. sense_key=assess%2:31:01:: | definition=estimate the value of (property) for taxation | examples=Our house hasn't been assessed in years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `assess`
    *   Target surface form: `assesses`
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which <t>assesses</t> the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

    *   Sense 1: `evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of` (Synonyms: measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value).
    *   Sense 2: `charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine`.
    *   Sense 3: `set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine)` (Synonym: tax).
    *   Sense 4: `estimate the value of (property) for taxation`.

    *   The sentence says the study "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Here, "assesses" means evaluating or estimating the "extent" of an effect (humanising work and increasing profitability).
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of".
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 are all related to taxes or fines, which is not the case here.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the <t>extent</t> to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `extent`
    *   Target surface form: `extent`
    *   Context: "...a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the <t>extent</t> to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `extent%1:26:00::`: the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., "the extent of the damage", "the full extent of the law").
        2.  `extent%1:07:00::`: the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., "the vast extent of the desert", "an orchard of considerable extent").

    *   The phrase is "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Here, "extent" refers to the *degree* or *amount* of humanization and profitability increase. It is not referring to a physical distance, area, or volume.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends". This fits perfectly with "the extent to which [something happens]".
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends". This refers to physical space, which is not the case here.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: direct
Target surface form: direct
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which <t>direct</t> participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=direct%3:00:00:: | definition=direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short | examples=a direct route; a direct flight
2. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:immediate:00 | definition=having no intervening persons, agents, conditions | synonyms=unmediated | examples=in direct sunlight; in direct contact with the voters
3. sense_key=direct%3:00:02:: | definition=straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action | examples=a direct question; a direct response
4. sense_key=direct%3:00:04:: | definition=in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child | synonyms=lineal | examples=lineal ancestors; lineal heirs
5. sense_key=direct%3:00:05:: | definition=moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
6. sense_key=direct%3:00:03:: | definition=similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity | examples=a term is in direct proportion to another term if it increases (or decreases) as the other increases (or decreases)
7. sense_key=direct%3:00:01:: | definition=(of a current) flowing in one direction only | examples=direct current
8. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=being an immediate result or consequence | examples=a direct result of the accident
9. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker | synonyms=verbatim | examples=a direct quotation; repeated their dialog verbatim
10. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:absolute:00 | definition=lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact | examples=the direct opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `direct`
    *   Target surface form: `direct`
    *   Context: "...a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which <t>direct</t> participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

    *   Sense 1: Spatial dimensions (straight and short). (e.g., direct route) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: Having no intervening persons, agents, conditions (unmediated). (e.g., direct sunlight, direct contact) - *Possible*
    *   Sense 3: Straightforward in means or manner. (e.g., direct question) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 4: Lineal descent. (e.g., lineal ancestors) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: Celestial sphere movement. - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: Similar in nature/effect (proportion). - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 7: Current flowing in one direction. - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 8: Immediate result or consequence. (e.g., direct result) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 9: Verbatim. (e.g., direct quotation) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 10: Absolute/exact. (e.g., direct opposite) - *Incorrect*

    *   "Direct participation" in the context of work and profitability usually refers to employees participating directly in the decision-making processes or management of the company, without intermediaries or through a representative system (though it can sometimes mean the opposite, in this specific linguistic context of "direct participation" vs "indirect participation", it means unmediated/immediate involvement).
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "having no intervening persons, agents, conditions" (synonym: unmediated). This fits perfectly. "Direct participation" means participating without an intermediary.

    *   Sense 2: "having no intervening persons, agents, conditions" -> "direct participation" (participating without intermediaries). This is the standard meaning in organizational/political contexts.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participation
Target surface form: participation
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct <t>participation</t> can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, involvement, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=participation%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=involvement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `participation`
    *   Target surface form: `participation`
    *   Context: "...a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct <t>participation</t> can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `participation%1:04:00::`: the act of sharing in the activities of a group (synonyms: engagement, involvement, involution).
        2.  `participation%1:26:00::`: the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) (synonyms: involvement).

    *   The sentence discusses "direct participation" in the context of "humanising work while increasing profitability."
    *   This refers to employees taking part in decision-making or activities within their workplace (industrial democracy/worker participation).
    *   This is an *act* of taking part in activities (management, decision-making, etc.) rather than a general *condition* of sharing something in common.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of sharing in the activities of a group". This fits well with workers participating in the activities of the company/management.
    *   Sense 2: "the condition of sharing in common with others". This is more about a state of being (e.g., sharing a common experience or status).

    *   "Direct participation" in a work context almost always refers to the active involvement of employees in the processes of the organization. This aligns perfectly with "the act of sharing in the activities of a group."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work`
    *   Target surface form: `work`
    *   Context: "...a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `work%1:04:00`: activity directed toward making or doing something.
        2.  `work%1:06:00`: a product produced or accomplished (piece of work).
        3.  `work%1:04:01`: the occupation for which you are paid (employment).
        4.  `work%1:09:00`: applying the mind to learning (study).
        5.  `work%1:19:00`: (physics) manifestation of energy.
        6.  `work%1:06:01`: a place where work is done (workplace).
        7.  `work%1:06:02`: total output of a writer or artist (oeuvre).

    *   The sentence discusses "direct participation" that can "humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   "Profitability" strongly suggests a business or employment context.
    *   "Humanise work" refers to making the experience of employment or the nature of the job better for the people doing it.
    *   This aligns most closely with "the occupation for which you are paid" or "employment."

    *   Sense 1 (activity): Too general.
    *   Sense 2 (product): Doesn't fit "humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Sense 3 (employment): Fits perfectly. "Humanising employment" or "humanising the way people are employed" makes sense in the context of profitability and participation.
    *   Sense 4 (study): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (physics): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6 (workplace): While "humanising the workplace" is a common phrase, "work" here refers more to the activity/state of being employed (employment) rather than just the physical location. However, let's re-evaluate. "Humanise work" usually refers to the nature of the labor/employment.
    *   Sense 7 (oeuvre): Doesn't fit.

    *   Sense 3: "the occupation for which you are paid" (employment).
    *   Sense 6: "a place where work is done" (workplace).
    *   In the phrase "humanise work while increasing profitability," "work" refers to the system of employment or the act of working for a living. Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increasing
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while <t>increasing</t> profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `increase`
    *   Target surface form: `increasing`
    *   Context: "...assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while <t>increasing</t> profitability."

    *   Sense 1: `increase%2:30:00::` | definition: "become bigger or greater in amount" (Intransitive use: something increases).
    *   Sense 2: `increase%2:30:02::` | definition: "make bigger or more" (Transitive use: someone/something increases something else).

    *   The phrase is "...direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
    *   Here, "direct participation" is the subject (implied) that is doing the "increasing."
    *   "Profitability" is the object being increased.
    *   Therefore, "increasing" is used transitively (to make profitability bigger or more).

    *   Sense 1 is intransitive (e.g., "The amount of work increased").
    *   Sense 2 is transitive (e.g., "The boss finally increased her salary").
    *   The context "increasing profitability" matches Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `study`
    *   Target surface form: `study`
    *   Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `study%1:04:00`: detailed critical inspection (survey)
        2.  `study%1:09:03`: applying the mind to learning (work)
        3.  `study%1:10:00`: a written document describing findings (report, written report)
        4.  `study%1:09:04`: state of deep mental absorption
        5.  `study%1:06:00`: a room used for reading/writing
        6.  `study%1:09:02`: a branch of knowledge (discipline)
        7.  `study%1:06:01`: preliminary drawing (sketch)
        8.  `study%1:09:01`: attentive consideration (cogitation)
        9.  `study%1:18:00`: someone who memorizes quickly
        10. `study%1:10:01`: composition for performer's technique

    *   The text says: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study... The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews..."
    *   The word "published" strongly suggests a written document.
    *   The phrase "based on 195 personal interviews" describes the methodology of the report/document.
    *   Sense 3 (`study%1:10:00`) is defined as "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" and has synonyms "report, written report". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 (`study%1:04:00`) is "a detailed critical inspection". While a study involves an inspection, the context "published a comparative study" and "The study is based on..." refers to the resulting document/report.

    *   Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (Synonyms: report, written report).
    *   Context: "published a comparative study", "The study is based on 195 personal interviews".
    *   This is a clear match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `base`
    *   Target surface form: `based`
    *   Context: "The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `base%2:31:00::`: use as a basis for; found on (synonyms: establish, ground, found; example: base a claim on some observation)
        2.  `base%2:42:04::`: situate as a center of operations (example: we will base this project in the new lab)
        3.  `base%2:34:00::`: use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes (synonym: free-base)

    *   The sentence is: "The study is based on 195 personal interviews..."
    *   In this context, "based on" means the study's findings or foundation are derived from or supported by the interviews.
    *   This matches the definition "use as a basis for; found on".

    *   Sense 1: "use as a basis for; found on" -> Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "situate as a center of operations" -> Does not match (the study isn't physically located in the interviews).
    *   Sense 3: "use (purified cocaine)..." -> Does not match.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `personal`
    *   Target surface form: `personal`
    *   Context: "The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials of the social partners..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `personal%3:00:00::`: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., personal favor, personal use).
        2.  `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00`: particular to a given individual.
        3.  `personal%3:01:01::`: of or arising from personality (e.g., personal magnetism).
        4.  `personal%5:00:00:physical:00`: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (e.g., personal hygiene).
        5.  `personal%3:01:00::`: indicating grammatical person (e.g., personal verb endings).

    *   The phrase is "personal interviews".
    *   In the context of research/studies, a "personal interview" is one conducted face-to-face or directly with an individual, as opposed to a survey, a group interview, or a written questionnaire.
    *   It refers to an interaction involving a particular person.

    *   Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". While "personal interviews" aren't necessarily about private life, they are conducted with a particular person.
    *   Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This is very close.
    *   Sense 3: "of or arising from personality". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "indicating grammatical person". Not applicable.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "concerning or affecting a particular person". A personal interview is an interview conducted with a particular person (face-to-face).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
    *   In many WordNet-based WSD tasks, "personal interview" is often mapped to the sense of "conducted in person" or "concerning a particular person".
    *   Looking at the options provided:
        1. `personal%3:00:00::` (concerning or affecting a particular person...)
        2. `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` (particular to a given individual)
    *   "Personal interviews" usually means interviews conducted in person (face-to-face). None of the definitions explicitly say "in person".
    *   However, "concerning or affecting a particular person" (Sense 1) is the closest fit for the general usage of "personal" when it refers to an individual interaction.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This usually refers to something like "personal taste" or "personal opinion".
    *   Sense 1: "a personal favor; for your personal use". This implies something directed at or used by a specific person. A personal interview is directed at a specific person.

    *   Sense 1: `personal%3:00:00::` - concerning or affecting a particular person.
    *   Sense 2: `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00` - particular to a given individual.
    *   In the context of "personal interviews", it means the interview was done with the person themselves (face-to-face/individually).
    *   Comparing "concerning or affecting a particular person" vs "particular to a given individual".
    *   Actually, "personal interview" is often categorized under the sense of "done in person". If that's not available, Sense 1 is the most general and fitting description of an interaction involving a specific person.

    *   Sense 1: `personal%3:00:00::`
    *   Sense 2: `personal%5:00:00:subjective:00`
    *   Sense 3: `personal%3:01:01::`
    *   Sense 4: `personal%5:00:00:physical:00`
    *   Sense 5: `personal%3:01:00::`

    Looking at the provided options again, Sense 1 is the most standard fit for "personal" in the sense of "individual" or "private" (as opposed to institutional or group).

    *Self-Correction:* Is "personal interview" more "particular to a given individual" (Sense 2) or "concerning a particular person" (Sense 1)?
    "Personal interview" means the interview was conducted with the person. This fits "concerning or affecting a particular person" better than "particular to a given individual" (which sounds more like a characteristic).

    Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality"
    Sense 2: "particular to a given individual"

    In the phrase "personal interviews with senior officials", the interviews are conducted with the individuals. This is a direct interaction with a particular person. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: interview
Target surface form: interviews
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal <t>interviews</t> with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=interview%1:10:01:: | definition=the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists | examples=my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds
2. sense_key=interview%1:10:00:: | definition=a conference (usually with someone important) | synonyms=consultation, audience | examples=he had a consultation with the judge; he requested an audience with the king

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `interview`
    *   Target surface form: `interviews`
    *   Context: "The study is based on 195 personal <t>interviews</t> with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `interview%1:10:01::`: the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited); often conducted by journalists. Example: "my interviews with teenagers revealed a weakening of religious bonds".
        2.  `interview%1:10:00::`: a conference (usually with someone important). Synonyms: consultation, audience. Example: "he had a consultation with the judge; he requested an audience with the king".

    *   The context describes a "comparative study" based on "195 personal interviews with senior officials".
    *   This describes a research methodology where information is elicited from participants (senior officials) to gather data for a study.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "the questioning of a person (or a conversation in which information is elicited)" and gives an example of interviews revealing something (similar to a study).
    *   Sense 2 describes a formal meeting or audience with someone important (like a king or judge), which is more about a specific high-level meeting than a data-gathering tool for a study.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "questioning of a person... in which information is elicited".
    *   Sense 2 is too formal/specific (audience/consultation) and doesn't fit the context of a research study involving 195 people.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: senior
Target surface form: senior
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with <t>senior</t> officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=senior%3:00:00:: | definition=older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service | examples=senior officer
2. sense_key=senior%5:00:00:last:00 | definition=used of the fourth and final year in United States high school or college | synonyms=fourth-year | examples=the senior prom
3. sense_key=senior%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables) | synonyms=aged, elderly, older | examples=aged members of the society; elderly residents could remember the construction of the first skyscraper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `senior`
    *   Target surface form: `senior`
    *   Context: "...The study is based on 195 personal interviews with <t>senior</t> officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

    *   Sense 1: `senior%3:00:00::` - older; higher in rank; longer in length of tenure or service. Example: "senior officer".
    *   Sense 2: `senior%5:00:00:last:00` - used of the fourth and final year in US high school or college. Synonym: "fourth-year". Example: "the senior prom".
    *   Sense 3: `senior%5:00:00:old:02` - advanced in years; aged. Synonyms: "aged", "elderly", "older". Example: "aged members of the society".

    *   The phrase is "senior officials of the social partners".
    *   In the context of "officials" and "representatives of national level peak organisations", "senior" refers to their rank or position within the organization (higher-ranking officials), not their age or their year in school.

    *   Sense 1 (higher in rank) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (fourth-year student) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (elderly) does not fit (while they might be older, the primary meaning here is rank/status).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior <t>officials</t> of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `official`
    *   Target surface form: `officials`
    *   Context: "...The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior <t>officials</t> of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).
        2.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.

    *   The context mentions "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations".
    *   This refers to people in administrative or leadership roles within organizations (social partners, peak organizations), not sports referees.

    *   Sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" (fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" (does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the <t>social</t> partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `social`
    *   Target surface form: `social`
    *   Context: "...The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the <t>social</t> partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   Other context clues: "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations", "Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs", "social exclusion", "public welfare services".

    *   Sense 1: `social%3:01:00::` - relating to human society and its members (synonym: societal).
    *   Sense 2: `social%3:00:00::` - living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups (e.g., "social animal").
    *   Sense 3: `social%3:01:02::` - relating to high society (e.g., "social gossip column").
    *   Sense 4: `social%5:00:00:sociable:00` - composed of sociable people or formed for sociability (e.g., "social club").
    *   Sense 5: `social%5:00:00:gregarious:00` - tending to move or live together in groups (e.g., "social insects").
    *   Sense 6: `social%5:00:00:friendly:01` - marked by friendly companionship (e.g., "social cup of coffee").

    *   The phrase "social partners" in a European policy/labor context refers to the representatives of employers and employees (trade unions and employer organizations) who negotiate collective agreements.
    *   This usage relates to the organization of human society, specifically labor relations and societal structures.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (relating to human society and its members/societal) fits best. "Social partners" are societal actors.
        *   Sense 2 (living together/social animal) is about biological or behavioral traits.
        *   Sense 3 (high society) is about class/status.
        *   Sense 4 (sociable club) is about leisure/friendship.
        *   Sense 5 (gregarious insects) is biological.
        *   Sense 6 (friendly companionship) is interpersonal.

    *   "Social partners" is a technical term in EU law/policy. It refers to the societal organizations (unions, employer associations) that participate in the social dialogue.
    *   This falls under the broad definition of "relating to human society and its members" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: `social%3:01:00::` (relating to human society and its members). This is the most appropriate fit for "social partners" and "social exclusion" and "Ministry of Social Affairs" mentioned in the surrounding text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `representative`
    *   Target surface form: `representatives`
    *   Context: "...The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as <t>representatives</t> of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

    *   Sense 1: `representative%1:18:00::` - a person who represents others. (General sense)
    *   Sense 2: `representative%1:18:02::` - an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose (spokesperson, interpreter, voice).
    *   Sense 3: `representative%1:18:01::` - a member of the United States House of Representatives (congressman, congresswoman).
    *   Sense 4: `representative%1:09:00::` - an item of information that is typical of a class or group (example, illustration, instance).

    *   The context mentions "senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
    *   These people are acting on behalf of their organizations.
    *   Sense 3 (US House of Representatives) is incorrect because the context is about European countries and "national level peak organisations" (not the US government).
    *   Sense 4 (typical example) is incorrect because the context refers to people (senior officials), not items of information.
    *   Sense 1 (a person who represents others) is a general definition.
    *   Sense 2 (an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose / spokesperson) is more specific.

    *   Sense 1: "a person who represents others"
    *   Sense 2: "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose"
    *   In the context of "senior officials... as representatives of national level peak organisations," they are acting as the official agents or delegates of those organizations.
    *   While Sense 2 (spokesperson/advocate) is close, Sense 1 is the broader, standard term for someone acting on behalf of an organization. However, let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "spokesperson, interpreter, voice".
    *   Are "senior officials" acting as "spokespersons" or simply as "people who represent" their organizations? Usually, in a study involving interviews with officials, they are representatives in the sense of being the authorized agents/members of that group.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is the most general. Sense 2 emphasizes advocacy or speaking for.
    *   Looking at the context again: "interviews with senior officials... as representatives of national level peak organisations". This implies they are the designated people representing those organizations.
    *   In WordNet, `representative%1:18:00` is the general term for someone who represents others. `representative%1:18:02` is more about being a "voice" or "spokesperson".
    *   Usually, "representatives of [an organization]" fits Sense 1 best unless they are specifically acting as spokespeople.

    *   Sense 1: a person who represents others.
    *   Sense 2: an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose.
    *   The officials are representing the organizations. This is the primary meaning of "representative" in this professional/organizational context.

    *   Sense 1: representative (person)
    *   Sense 2: representative (spokesperson)
    *   Sense 3: representative (US politician)
    *   Sense 4: representative (example)
    *   The context is clearly about people representing organizations. Sense 1 is the most accurate general fit. Sense 2 is a specific type of representative. Given the phrasing "as representatives of national level peak organisations", Sense 1 is the standard choice.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose". Senior officials of social partners representing peak organizations are often advocating for their policies. However, "representative" in the sense of "a person who represents others" (Sense 1) is the overarching category.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government". This is very similar to "interviews with senior officials... as representatives of national level peak organisations".
    *   However, "representative" in the sense of a delegate or official agent is typically Sense 1.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: a person who represents others.
    *   Sense 2: an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose.
    *   In many WordNet-based tasks, the most general sense is used unless the specific nuances of the sub-sense (like "spokesperson") are clearly present. "Senior officials" acting as "representatives" of their organizations is the classic definition of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: representative%1:18:00
    *   Sense 2: representative%1:18:02
    *   Sense 3: representative%1:18:01
    *   Sense 4: representative%1:09:00
    *   The target is "representatives".
    *   Context: "senior officials... as representatives of national level peak organisations".
    *   This is a direct application of "a person who represents others".

    *   Sense 1: a person who represents others.
    *   Sense 2: an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose.
    *   If the officials are being interviewed to provide the perspective of the organization, they are acting as representatives. Sense 1 is the most fitting.

    *   Sense 1: representative%1:18:00
    *   Sense 2: representative%1:18:02
    *   Sense 3: representative%1:18:01
    *   Sense 4: representative%1:09:00
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of <t>national</t> level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `national`
    *   Target surface form: `national`
    *   Context: "...representatives of <t>national</t> level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

    *   Sense 1: `of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country` (General)
    *   Sense 2: `limited to or in the interests of a particular nation` (Interests/Policy)
    *   Sense 3: `concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country` (Scope: entire nation, e.g., national government)
    *   Sense 4: `owned or maintained for the public by the national government` (Public ownership, e.g., national parks)
    *   Sense 5: `inside the country` (Domestic/Internal)
    *   Sense 6: `characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation` (Trait)
    *   Sense 7: `of or relating to nationality` (Origin)

    *   The phrase is "national level peak organisations".
    *   "Peak organisations" usually refer to the highest level of representation (like national trade unions or employer federations) that operate at the level of the whole country, as opposed to regional or local levels.
    *   The context mentions "fifteen European countries," implying that in each country, there are organisations operating at the level of the *entire* nation.

    *   Sense 1 is very general.
    *   Sense 2 is about interests/policy.
    *   Sense 3 is about being "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country." This fits "national level" perfectly, as it distinguishes the scope from local or regional levels.
    *   Sense 4 is about government ownership.
    *   Sense 5 is about being "inside the country" (domestic).
    *   Sense 6 is about traits.
    *   Sense 7 is about nationality.

    *   "National level" in the context of organizations usually means they cover the whole country. Sense 3 ("concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country") is the most precise fit for this usage.