[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `tissue`
    *   Target surface form: `tissue`
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tissue%1:08:00::`: part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.
        2.  `tissue%1:27:02::`: a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper).

    *   The context discusses cancer research, p53 suppressor genes, breast tumors, lung cancer, and samples taken from kidney, brain, and skin cancers.
    *   The word "tissue" refers to biological material taken from organs (kidney, brain, skin).

    *   Sense 1 describes biological tissue (aggregate of cells).
    *   Sense 2 describes paper tissue.

    *   The context clearly refers to biological tissue.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Meaning: The tissue was removed or extracted from the organs (kidney, brain, skin) for study.

    *   1: carry out (take action) - No.
    *   2: require (time or space) - No.
    *   3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   4: get into one's hands, take physically (get hold of) - Possible, but usually implies grasping.
    *   5: take on a certain form - No.
    *   6: interpret something - No.
    *   7: take something with oneself somewhere (bring, convey) - No.
    *   8: take into one's possession - No.
    *   9: travel by means of transportation - No.
    *   10: pick out, select - No.
    *   11: receive willingly - No.
    *   12: assume positions or roles - No.
    *   13: take into consideration - No.
    *   14: require as useful - No.
    *   15: experience or feel - No.
    *   16: make a film or photograph - No.
    *   17: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw) - This fits well. Tissue is removed from the body.
    *   18: consume regularly - No.
    *   19: accept or undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   20: make use of or accept for some purpose - No.
    *   21: take by force - No.
    *   22: occupy or take on (position) - No.
    *   23: admit into a group - No.
    *   24: ascertain or determine by measuring - No.
    *   25: be a student of - No.
    *   26: take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   27: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   28: point or cause to go towards - No.
    *   29: be seized or affected - No.
    *   30: have with oneself - No.
    *   31: engage for service (rent) - No.
    *   32: receive or obtain regularly (subscribe) - No.
    *   33: buy, select - No.
    *   34: get into a position of having (safety) - No.
    *   35: have sex with - No.
    *   36: lay claim to - No.
    *   37: be designed to hold - No.
    *   38: be capable of holding - No.
    *   39: develop a habit - No.
    *   40: proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   42: be stricken by an illness - No.

    *   Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off... synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw".
    *   In the context "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers", the tissue was *removed* from the body for analysis. This is the most accurate fit.

    *   Sense 4 (get into one's hands) is more about the act of grasping.
    *   Sense 17 (remove) is more about the act of extraction/removal from a source.

    *   Sense 17 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `brain`
    *   Target surface form: `brain`
    *   Context: "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `brain%1:08:00::`: part of the central nervous system (anatomical organ).
        2.  `brain%1:09:00::`: mental ability.
        3.  `brain%1:09:01::`: seat of thoughts and feelings (mind).
        4.  `brain%1:18:00::`: person with exceptional intellectual ability (genius).
        5.  `brain%1:13:00::`: brain used as meat.

    *   The word "brain" appears in a list of organs/tissues: "kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   The context discusses "tissue taken from" these locations.
    *   This clearly refers to the physical organ (the anatomical part of the central nervous system).

    *   Sense 1: Anatomical organ (central nervous system, enclosed in skull). Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Mental ability. Does not match.
    *   Sense 3: Mind/psyche. Does not match.
    *   Sense 4: Genius. Does not match.
    *   Sense 5: Meat. Does not match.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `at_the_same_time`
    *   Target surface form: "At the same time"
    *   Context: The text discusses research on the p53 gene and its role in various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin). It then says, "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `at the same instant` (simultaneously)
        2.  `overlapping in duration` (concurrently)

    *   The text describes a general state of research.
    *   "Researchers in Edinburgh... have found..."
    *   "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer."
    *   "There also are reports... of missing p53 genes..."
    *   "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   The phrase "At the same time" here doesn't mean at the exact same millisecond (sense 1), but rather that while these discoveries about p53 are happening/being reported, other research is concurrently taking place to find other genes.

    *   Sense 1: "at the same instant" (simultaneously). This is usually for discrete events (e.g., "they both spoke at the same time").
    *   Sense 2: "overlapping in duration" (concurrently). This is for ongoing processes or periods of time (e.g., "going to school and holding a job at the same time").

    *   The research efforts (finding p53's role and rushing to pinpoint other genes) are ongoing processes that overlap in time. This fits Sense 2 much better than Sense 1.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "team"
    *   Target surface form: "team"
    *   Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `team%1:14:00::`: a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms: squad
        2.  `team%1:14:01::`: two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

    *   The context mentions "Researchers in Edinburgh", "scientists", "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute", and "the Johns Hopkins team".
    *   The "Johns Hopkins team" refers to a group of researchers/scientists working together to pinpoint tumor-suppressor genes.

    *   Sense 1: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)". While "especially in sports" is mentioned, the core definition is "a cooperative unit". A group of researchers is a cooperative unit.
    *   Sense 2: "two or more draft animals that work together to pull something". This is clearly incorrect as the context is about medical researchers.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
3. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
6. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `rush`
    *   Target surface form: `rushing`
    *   Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Meaning: The researchers are working quickly/hurrying to achieve a goal (pinpointing genes).

    *   Sense 1: `move fast` (physical movement, e.g., "rushed down the hall").
    *   Sense 2: `attack suddenly`.
    *   Sense 3: `urge to an unnatural speed` (transitive, e.g., "Don't rush me").
    *   Sense 4: `act or move at high speed` (intransitive, e.g., "We have to rush!").
    *   Sense 5: `run with the ball, in football`.
    *   Sense 6: `cause to move fast or to rush or race` (transitive, e.g., "raced the rats").
    *   Sense 7: `cause to occur rapidly` (transitive, e.g., "precipitated a high fever").

    *   The context is "rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   This is not physical movement (Sense 1).
    *   It's not an attack (Sense 2).
    *   It's not urging someone else (Sense 3).
    *   It's not football (Sense 5).
    *   It's not causing something else to move fast (Sense 6).
    *   It's not causing a medical condition to occur rapidly (Sense 7).
    *   It describes the researchers acting with urgency/speed to complete a task. This fits Sense 4 ("act or move at high speed", synonyms: "hasten, hurry").

    *   Sense 4: "act or move at high speed" (synonyms: hasten, hurry).
    *   In the context of "rushing to pinpoint," it means they are hurrying to achieve the goal. This is a common metaphorical use of "move at high speed" applied to a process or effort.

    *   Sense 1 is specifically about physical movement ("down the hall").
    *   Sense 4 is more general ("act or move at high speed"). "Hurry" is a synonym. "They are hurrying to pinpoint..." fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied.
        2.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past.
        3.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past.
        4.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected.

    *   The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
    *   The text previously discussed the p53 gene (a tumor-suppressor gene).
    *   "Other tumor-suppressor genes" refers to tumor-suppressor genes *besides* p53.

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" -> Fits perfectly. p53 was mentioned; they are looking for *different* ones.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" -> Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual" -> Does not fit.

    *   The word "other" in "other tumor-suppressor genes" clearly means "additional" or "different from the one already mentioned (p53)". This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `hope`
    *   Target surface form: `hopes`
    *   Context: "Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `expect and wish` (e.g., "I hope she understands"). Focuses on a wish for something to happen.
    *   Sense 2: `be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes` (e.g., "I am still hoping that all will turn out well"). Focuses on a state of optimism.
    *   Sense 3: `intend with some possibility of fulfilment` (e.g., "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"). Focuses on an intention or goal.

    *   "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18..."
    *   The structure is "hopes [to do something]".
    *   This indicates an intention or a goal that the subject is working towards (isolating the gene).
    *   Comparing this to the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "I hope she understands" (wish for someone else's state/action).
        *   Sense 2: "I am still hoping that all will turn out well" (general optimism).
        *   Sense 3: "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening" (intention to complete a task).

    *   Dr. Vogelstein's "hope" is an intention to achieve a specific scientific result ("to isolate one on chromosome 18"). This aligns perfectly with Sense 3 ("intend with some possibility of fulfilment").

    *   Sense 1 is more about wishing for an outcome.
    *   Sense 2 is about a state of mind.
    *   Sense 3 is about an intended action/goal.
    *   The context "hopes soon to isolate" strongly suggests an intended action.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involved`
    *   Target surface form: `involved`
    *   Context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `connected by participation or association or use` (e.g., "the problems involved")
        2.  `entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire` (synonym: mired)
        3.  `emotionally involved`
        4.  `highly complex or intricate` (synonym: Byzantine)
        5.  `enveloped` (e.g., "a castle involved in mist")

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."
    *   Here, "involved" refers to the relationship between chromosome 18 and colon cancer.
    *   It means chromosome 18 is *connected* to or *associated* with the development of colon cancer.

    *   Sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use". This fits perfectly. The chromosome is associated with the disease.
    *   Sense 2: "entangled or hindered". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "emotionally involved". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "highly complex or intricate". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "enveloped". Not applicable.

    *   The word "involved" in "involved in colon cancer" means that the chromosome plays a role in or is associated with the cancer. This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: close
Target surface form: close
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=close%3:00:01:: | definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon; how close are we to town?
2. sense_key=close%3:00:02:: | definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family; we are all...in close sympathy with...
3. sense_key=close%3:00:05:: | definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | synonyms=near, nigh | examples=near neighbors; in the near future
4. sense_key=close%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision; paid close attention
5. sense_key=close%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=marked by fidelity to an original | synonyms=faithful | examples=a close translation; a faithful copy of the portrait
6. sense_key=close%5:00:00:equal:00 | definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | synonyms=tight | examples=a close contest; a close election
7. sense_key=close%5:00:00:confined:00 | definition=crowded | synonyms=confining | examples=close quarters
8. sense_key=close%5:00:00:unventilated:00 | definition=lacking fresh air | synonyms=airless, stuffy, unaired | examples=a dusty airless attic; the dreadfully close atmosphere
9. sense_key=close%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=of textiles | synonyms=tight | examples=a close weave; smooth percale with a very tight weave
10. sense_key=close%5:00:00:restrained:00 | definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. sense_key=close%5:00:00:private:00 | definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. sense_key=close%5:00:00:tight:01 | definition=fitting closely but comfortably | synonyms=snug, close-fitting | examples=a close fit
13. sense_key=close%5:00:00:short:01 | definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. sense_key=close%5:00:00:stingy:00 | definition=giving or spending with reluctance | synonyms=cheeseparing, near, penny-pinching, skinny | examples=our cheeseparing administration; very close (or near) with his money
15. sense_key=close%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | synonyms=closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `close`
    *   Target surface form: `close`
    *   Context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

    *   The sentence says Ray White and Walter Bodmer are "close to finding another gene".
    *   This means they are near the point of discovery.
    *   This is a measure of progress or distance in terms of achievement/circumstances/time.

    *   Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other" (Examples: close to noon; how close are we to town?)
    *   Sense 2: "close in relevance or relationship" (Examples: a close family)
    *   Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances" (Synonyms: near, nigh; Examples: near neighbors; in the near future)
    *   Sense 4: "rigorously attentive; strict and thorough" (Example: close supervision)
    *   Sense 5: "marked by fidelity to an original" (Example: a close translation)
    *   Sense 6: "evenly matched" (Example: a close contest)
    *   Sense 7: "crowded" (Example: close quarters)
    *   Sense 8: "lacking fresh air" (Example: airless attic)
    *   Sense 9: "of textiles" (Example: a close weave)
    *   Sense 10: "strictly confined or guarded" (Example: close custody)
    *   Sense 11: "confined to specific persons" (Example: a close secret)
    *   Sense 12: "fitting closely but comfortably" (Example: a close fit)
    *   Sense 13: "used of hair or haircuts" (Example: a close military haircut)
    *   Sense 14: "giving or spending with reluctance" (Example: close with his money)
    *   Sense 15: "inclined to secrecy or reticence" (Example: kept close about it)

    *   The phrase "close to finding" indicates they are near the goal.
    *   Sense 1 mentions "short distance in space or time".
    *   Sense 3 mentions "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other"
        *   Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances"
    *   "Close to finding" is a matter of degree or circumstance (progress toward a goal).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "close to noon" (time), "how close are we to town?" (space).
        *   Sense 3: "near neighbors" (space), "in the near future" (time).
    *   Wait, let's re-examine the WordNet structure if possible. Often, "close to [doing something]" falls under the sense of being near in degree or circumstance.
    *   Sense 3 explicitly includes "degree or circumstances".
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "space or time".
    *   "Finding another gene" is not a physical location or a specific time on a clock, but a state of progress (degree/circumstance).

    *   Sense 1: space, time, elements near each other.
    *   Sense 3: time, space, degree, circumstances.
    *   "Close to finding" fits "degree or circumstances" better than just "space or time".

    *   Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances"
    *   This perfectly matches "close to finding".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find`
    *   Target surface form: `finding`
    *   Context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

    *   The context describes scientific research into genes related to cancer.
    *   Ray White and Walter Bodmer are researchers.
    *   They are "close to finding another gene".
    *   This means they are close to discovering a gene that exists but hasn't been identified/located yet in the context of its role in colon cancer.

    *   Sense 1: come upon, as if by accident (Not accidental; it's research).
    *   Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (Possible: detecting the gene).
    *   Sense 3: come upon after searching; find the location of something missed or lost (Not lost/missed in the sense of misplaced glasses).
    *   Sense 4: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (Possible: scientific determination).
    *   Sense 5: come to believe on the basis of emotion (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 6: perceive or be contemporaneous with (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 7: get something for a specific purpose (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding (Strong candidate: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle").
    *   Sense 9: make a discovery (Similar to 8, but example is "found that he had lied").
    *   Sense 10: obtain through effort or management (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 11: decide on and make a declaration about (Legal sense; not applicable).
    *   Sense 12: receive a specified treatment (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 13: perceive oneself to be in a certain condition (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 14: get or find back (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 15: succeed in reaching (Not applicable).
    *   Sense 16: accept and make use of one's personality (Not applicable).

    *   Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe, discover, notice). Example: "detected high levels of lead".
    *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
    *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (discover). Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".

    *   The context is about identifying a specific gene involved in a disease. This is a classic scientific discovery.
    *   Sense 8 specifically mentions "make a discovery, make a new finding" and gives the example of finding a new elementary particle, which is very similar to finding a gene.
    *   Sense 4 is also very close ("establish after a... investigation"), but Sense 8's "make a discovery" fits the "finding another gene" phrasing slightly better in a scientific breakthrough context.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". This is more about detection (like lead in water).
    *   Comparing Sense 4 and Sense 8:
        *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation...". Example: "found the product of two numbers", "found the elusive particle".
        *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding". Example: "discovered X-rays", "found a new elementary particle".
    *   Wait, Sense 4 and Sense 8 are extremely similar. Let's look at the synonyms.
        *   Sense 4: determine, find out, ascertain.
        *   Sense 8: discover.
    *   In the context "close to finding another gene", "discovering another gene" is the most natural paraphrase.
    *   Looking at the examples again:
        *   Sense 4: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
        *   Sense 8: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    *   These examples are almost identical. Let's look at the definitions again.
        *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
        *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding".
    *   Finding a gene is a discovery resulting from scientific research. Sense 8 is the most direct "discovery" sense.

    *   Sense 2: detect/observe (e.g., lead in water).
    *   Sense 4: establish/determine (e.g., product of numbers, elusive particle).
    *   Sense 8: make a discovery (e.g., X-rays, new particle).
    *   Sense 9: make a discovery (e.g., found that he had lied).

    The phrase "finding another gene" is a discovery of a biological entity. Sense 8's definition "make a discovery, make a new finding" and its examples (X-rays, new elementary particle) align perfectly with discovering a gene.

    *Self-Correction:* Is there a nuance between Sense 4 and Sense 8?
    Sense 4 is often used for results of a process (calculating a product).
    Sense 8 is used for the act of discovering something previously unknown to science.
    Finding a gene involved in cancer is discovering something previously unknown.

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". This is often used for things that are already known to exist but are being detected in a specific sample (like lead in water). The gene exists, but its *role* or *location* in relation to colon cancer is the discovery.

    Sense 8 seems the most appropriate for a scientific discovery of a new entity or a new association.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `involved`
    *   Target surface form: `involved`
    *   Context: "...Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
    *   Meaning: The gene is associated with or plays a role in the development of some types of colon cancer.

    *   Sense 1: `connected by participation or association or use` (e.g., "the problems involved", "people involved").
    *   Sense 2: `entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire` (synonym: mired).
    *   Sense 3: `emotionally involved`.
    *   Sense 4: `highly complex or intricate` (synonym: Byzantine, convoluted).
    *   Sense 5: `enveloped` (e.g., "a castle involved in mist").

    *   The context describes a gene that is "involved with some types of colon cancer."
    *   This means the gene is *associated* with or *connected* to the cancer.
    *   Sense 1 ("connected by participation or association or use") fits this perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (hindered/mired) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (emotionally involved) does not fit.
    *   Sense 4 (complex) does not fit.
    *   Sense 5 (enveloped) does not fit.

    *   The gene is associated with the disease. Sense 1 is the only one that covers "association."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `type`
    *   Target surface form: `types`
    *   Context: "...finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `type%1:09:00::`: a subdivision of a particular kind of thing (e.g., "what type of sculpture do you prefer?")
        2.  `type%1:18:00::`: a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)
        3.  `type%1:14:01::`: (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
        4.  `type%1:10:01::`: printed characters
        5.  `type%1:10:00::`: all of the tokens of the same symbol
        6.  `type%1:06:00::`: a small metal block bearing a raised character...

    *   The sentence is: "...finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer..."
    *   Here, "types of colon cancer" refers to different varieties or categories of colon cancer.
    *   Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a person of a specified kind" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon" - This is a very specific biological term (type species, etc.), not used for varieties of a disease.
    *   Sense 4: "printed characters" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: "all of the tokens of the same symbol" - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: "a small metal block..." - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 1 is the general meaning of "kind" or "category," which is exactly how "types of colon cancer" is used.

    *   The best sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believes
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `believe`
    *   Target surface form: `believes`
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `accept as true; take to be true` (e.g., "I believed his report")
        2.  `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (synonyms: think, consider, conceive; e.g., "I think he is very smart")
        3.  `be confident about something` (synonyms: trust; e.g., "I believe that he will come back from the war")
        4.  `follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer` (e.g., "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too")
        5.  `credit with veracity` (e.g., "You cannot believe this man")

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene... are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   In this context, "believes" means that Dr. Minna holds a scientific opinion or hypothesis. He *thinks* or *considers* it to be the case based on his research/observations.

    *   Sense 1: `accept as true; take to be true`. This usually refers to accepting a statement or report as factual.
    *   Sense 2: `judge or regard; look upon; judge` (synonyms: think, consider, conceive). This fits the context of holding an opinion or a scientific hypothesis ("I think he is very smart" $\approx$ "Dr. Minna thinks/believes that...").
    *   Sense 3: `be confident about something` (synonyms: trust). This is more about trust or confidence in an outcome.
    *   Sense 4: `follow a credo; have a faith`. This is religious or ideological faith.
    *   Sense 5: `credit with veracity`. This is about trusting a person's honesty.

    *   The usage "Dr. Minna believes [that]..." where it introduces a scientific hypothesis is most closely aligned with "think" or "consider" (Sense 2).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is often about accepting a specific claim made by someone else ("I believed his report"). Sense 2 is about a personal judgment or opinion ("I believe her to be very smart"). Dr. Minna's belief here is his professional judgment/opinion on the cause of lung cancer.

    *   Sense 2: "judge or regard; look upon; judge" (synonyms: think, consider, conceive).
    *   Example: "I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart."
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes [that] people... are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   This matches perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true" (e.g., "I believed his report"). This is more about the act of believing a specific piece of information provided by another.
    *   Sense 2: "judge or regard" (e.g., "I believe her to be very smart"). This is about holding a belief or opinion.

    In scientific writing, "believes" often functions as a synonym for "hypothesizes" or "thinks," which aligns with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        2.  The body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).
        3.  Members of a family line.
        4.  The common people generally (masses).

    *   The sentence discusses genetic inheritance ("inherit a defective gene") and susceptibility to lung cancer.
    *   "people who inherit a defective gene" refers to human beings in general who happen to have this genetic trait.
    *   It is not referring to a specific nationality (sense 2), a specific family line (sense 3), or the social class of "common people" (sense 4).
    *   It refers to human beings as a biological group.

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This fits perfectly. It's the general plural of "person".

    *   Sense 1: General human beings. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Citizens of a state. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Family line. (Incorrect - while it mentions inheritance, it's talking about *any* person who inherits the gene, not a specific family lineage).
    *   Sense 4: Common people/masses. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `obtain from someone after their death` (e.g., castle)
        2.  `receive from a predecessor` (e.g., problems from a previous chair)
        3.  `receive by genetic transmission` (e.g., eyesight from mother)

    *   The sentence discusses "defective gene", "chromosome 3", and "prone to lung cancer".
    *   This is clearly referring to biological/genetic inheritance.

    *   Sense 1: Financial/property inheritance (death). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Metaphorical/professional inheritance (predecessor). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Genetic transmission. This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `copy`
    *   Target surface form: `copies`
    *   Context: "...people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `copy%1:10:00::`: reproduction of a written record (transcript).
        2.  `copy%1:06:00::`: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., clone, designer dress).
        3.  `copy%1:10:01::`: matter to be printed (written matter).
        4.  `copy%1:10:02::`: material suitable for a journalistic account.

    *   The sentence refers to "two copies of chromosome 3".
    *   In biology, humans have two copies of each chromosome (one from each parent).
    *   These are identical (or nearly identical) structures.

    *   Sense 1 (written record) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (thing made to be similar or identical to another thing) - Correct. A chromosome copy is an identical version of the same chromosome.
    *   Sense 3 (matter to be printed) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (journalistic material) - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 is the only one that fits the biological context of identical genetic structures.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "especially"
    *   Target surface form: "especially"
    *   Context: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `especially%4:02:00::`: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (synonyms: particularly, peculiarly, specially).
        2.  `especially%4:02:01::`: in a special manner (synonyms: specially).

    *   The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene... are especially prone to lung cancer."
    *   "Especially prone" means they are *more* prone than others, or prone to a greater extent than is common.
    *   It describes the *degree* of proneness.

    *   Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common". This fits perfectly. If someone is "especially prone," they are more prone than the average person.
    *   Sense 2: "in a special manner". This would mean they are prone in a "special way," which doesn't make sense in this medical/statistical context.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reported
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `reported`
    *   Context: "Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers..."
    *   Contextual clues: "Dr. Minna believes...", "he and others reported that...", "retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers". This is a scientific context where researchers are sharing findings from their study/investigation.

    *   Sense 1: `to give an account or representation of in words` (describe, account).
    *   Sense 2: `announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding`. (Example: "The team reported significant advances in their research").
    *   Sense 3: `announce one's presence` (report to work).
    *   Sense 4: `make known to the authorities` (report to the principal).
    *   Sense 5: `be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism` (cover).
    *   Sense 6: `complain about; make a charge against`.

    *   The context describes scientists (Dr. Minna and others) sharing a scientific finding ("the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers").
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions announcing the result of an investigation or finding, and the example "The team reported significant advances in their research" is almost identical in usage to the target sentence.

    *   Sense 1 is too general (describe).
    *   Sense 3, 4, 5, 6 are completely irrelevant.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "involved"
    *   Context: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."
    *   Meaning: The gene plays a role in, is associated with, or is connected to the development of lung cancers.

    *   Sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use" (Examples: "large number of people involved", "the problems involved").
    *   Sense 2: "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" (Synonym: mired).
    *   Sense 3: "emotionally involved".
    *   Sense 4: "highly complex or intricate" (Synonyms: Byzantine, convoluted).
    *   Sense 5: "enveloped" (Example: "castle involved in mist").

    *   The gene is "involved in some lung cancers." This means the gene is associated with or plays a part in the process of lung cancer.
    *   Sense 1 ("connected by participation or association or use") fits perfectly. The gene is associated with the disease.
    *   Sense 2 (entangled/hindered) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3 (emotionally involved) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (complex) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (enveloped) doesn't fit.

    *   The target word "involved" in "gene may also be involved in some lung cancers" describes a biological association or participation in a process. This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `other%3:00:00::`: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied (e.g., "highways and other public works").
        2.  `other%5:00:00:past:00`: recently past (e.g., "the other evening").
        3.  `other%5:00:02:past:00`: belonging to the distant past (e.g., "former generations").
        4.  `other%5:00:00:strange:00`: very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected (e.g., "a strange, other dimension").

    *   The sentence is: "...the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."
    *   Here, "other" refers to cancers that are not the lung cancers already mentioned.
    *   It indicates additional types of cancers.

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". This fits perfectly. The "other more common cancers" are those distinct from the "lung cancers" mentioned just before.
    *   Sense 2: "recently past". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual". Does not fit.

    *   The word "other" in "several other more common cancers" clearly means "additional" or "different from the ones previously mentioned". This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "...as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., "more interesting").
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., "he works more now").

    *   The phrase is "more common cancers".
    *   "Common" is an adjective.
    *   "More" is modifying "common" to create the comparative form "more common".

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This fits perfectly. "More" is being used to make "common" comparative.
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". This is used as an adverb or pronoun (e.g., "I want more"). In "more common", "more" is not acting as a standalone comparative of "much" but as a marker for the comparative of the adjective "common".

    *   The target "more" modifies the adjective "common".
    *   This matches Sense 1.