[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: Far
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. <t>Far</t> above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "far"
    *   Target surface form: "Far"
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `far%4:02:02::`: to a considerable degree; very much (degree/intensity)
        2.  `far%4:02:00::`: at or to or from a great distance in space (spatial distance)
        3.  `far%4:02:04::`: at or to a certain point or degree (extent/limit)
        4.  `far%4:02:01::`: remote in time (temporal distance)
        5.  `far%4:02:05::`: to an advanced stage or point (progress/success)

    *   The sentence is: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly..."
    *   "Far above" describes the location of the belfry relative to the ringing chamber mentioned in the previous paragraph.
    *   The ringing chamber is where the ringers are; the belfry is where the bells are.
    *   This is a spatial relationship (distance in space).

    *   Sense 1: Degree/Intensity (e.g., "far better"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Great distance in space (e.g., "traveled far"). This fits "Far above".
    *   Sense 3: Certain point or degree (e.g., "go so far"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: Remote in time (e.g., "far in the past"). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: Advanced stage (e.g., "go very far"). Not applicable.

    *   The word "Far" modifies "above", indicating a significant spatial distance between the ringers and the bells. This aligns perfectly with sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "above"
    *   Target surface form: "above"
    *   Context: "Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells... swing madly..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `above%4:02:00::` (at an earlier place - e.g., "see above" in a text)
        2.  `above%4:02:01::` (in or to a place that is higher - e.g., higher up)

    *   The sentence describes the physical location of the bells relative to the ringers.
    *   The ringers are in the "ringing chamber" (below).
    *   The bells are in the "belfry" (above).
    *   "Far above in the belfry" clearly refers to a physical location that is higher up.

    *   Sense 1: "at an earlier place" (referring to text/documents). This does not fit.
    *   Sense 2: "in or to a place that is higher". This fits perfectly.

    *   The correct sense index is 2.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bronze
Target surface form: bronze
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge <t>bronze</t> bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color of bronze | synonyms=bronzy
2. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00 | definition=made from or consisting of bronze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bronze`
    *   Target surface form: `bronze`
    *   Context: "...Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00`: of the color of bronze (color)
        2.  `bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00`: made from or consisting of bronze (material)

    *   The sentence describes "huge bronze bells" in a belfry.
    *   Bells are traditionally cast from bronze (a metal alloy).
    *   While they are the color of bronze, the primary descriptor here refers to the material they are made of, which is essential for their function (sound/resonance).

    *   Sense 1: Color.
    *   Sense 2: Material.
    *   In the context of bells, "bronze" almost always refers to the material.

    *   The best fit is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze <t>bells</t>, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze <t>bells</t>, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees..."
    *   Key descriptors: "huge bronze", "in the belfry", "mounted on wheels", "swing madly", "ringing sound" (implied by "ringers", "peal", "ringing chamber").

    *   1: `bell%1:06:00::` - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. (Fits perfectly: bronze, belfry, ringing sound).
    *   2: `bell%1:06:02::` - push button at an outer door. (Incorrect).
    *   3: `bell%1:11:00::` - the sound of a bell being struck. (Incorrect; the text refers to the physical objects "mounted on wheels").
    *   4: `bell%1:28:00::` - nautical time units. (Incorrect).
    *   5: `bell%1:25:00::` - the shape of a bell. (Incorrect).
    *   6: `bell%1:18:02::` - Melville Bell. (Incorrect).
    *   7: `bell%1:18:01::` - Vanessa Bell. (Incorrect).
    *   8: `bell%1:18:00::` - Alexander Graham Bell. (Incorrect).
    *   9: `bell%1:06:04::` - percussion instrument (set of tuned bells struck with a hammer). (While these are bells, the context describes church bells in a belfry swung by ropes, not an orchestral instrument struck with a hammer).
    *   10: `bell%1:06:03::` - flared opening of a tubular device. (Incorrect).

    *   The context describes physical, bronze objects in a belfry that are swung to make sound. This matches sense 1 ("a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck").

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mount
Target surface form: mounted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, <t>mounted</t> on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mount%2:35:00:: | definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
2. sense_key=mount%2:30:00:: | definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise | examples=Sales were climbing after prices were lowered
3. sense_key=mount%2:30:01:: | definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
4. sense_key=mount%2:36:00:: | definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign against pornography
5. sense_key=mount%2:38:01:: | definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride | examples=mount a horse
6. sense_key=mount%2:38:00:: | definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb, climb up, go up | examples=Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?
7. sense_key=mount%2:36:01:: | definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance | synonyms=put on | examples=mount a theater production; mount an attack
8. sense_key=mount%2:35:07:: | definition=copulate with | synonyms=ride | examples=The bull was riding the cow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `mount`
    *   Target surface form: `mounted`
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, <t>mounted</t> on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees..."
    *   Meaning: The bells are attached to or fixed onto wheels to allow them to swing.

    *   Sense 1: `mount%2:35:00::` | definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating...
    *   Sense 2: `mount%2:30:00::` | definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise...
    *   Sense 3: `mount%2:30:01::` | definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
    *   Sense 4: `mount%2:36:00::` | definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign...
    *   Sense 5: `mount%2:38:01::` | definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on...
    *   Sense 6: `mount%2:38:00::` | definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb...
    *   Sense 7: `mount%2:36:01::` | definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment... | examples=mount a theater production...
    *   Sense 8: `mount%2:35:07::` | definition=copulate with...

    *   The bells are "mounted on wheels". This means they are attached to wheels so they can rotate.
    *   Sense 1: "attach to a support". (Fits well)
    *   Sense 3: "fix onto a backing, setting, or support". (Also fits well)

    *   Sense 1: "attach to a support" (Example: aerator on a floating [something])
    *   Sense 3: "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" (Example: mount slides for macroscopic analysis)

    Wait, let's look closer at the WordNet structure if possible, or the nuances.
    Sense 1: `mount%2:35:00::` (attach to a support)
    Sense 3: `mount%2:30:01::` (fix onto a backing, setting, or support)

    In the context of bells on wheels, they are attached to the wheels to allow them to swing. This is a physical attachment to a support/mechanism.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: "attach to a support"
    Sense 3: "fix onto a backing, setting, or support"

    Usually, "mounting a slide" (Sense 3) is about placing something on a slide for viewing. "Mounting an aerator" (Sense 1) is about attaching a piece of equipment to a support.
    Bells on wheels are attached to the wheels as a support/mechanism for their movement.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 1: attach to a support.
    Sense 3: fix onto a backing, setting, or support.

    Actually, looking at the examples:
    Sense 1: "They mounted the aerator on a floating [platform/base]"
    Sense 3: "mount slides for macroscopic analysis"

    The bells are attached to wheels. This is more like "attach to a support" (Sense 1) than "fix onto a backing/setting" (Sense 3).

    Wait, let me double-check the sense keys provided.
    1. `mount%2:35:00::` - attach to a support
    3. `mount%2:30:01::` - fix onto a backing, setting, or support

    In many WordNet versions, `mount%2:35:00` is the general "attach to a support" and `mount%2:30:01` is more specific to things like slides or gems (settings).

    The bells are attached to wheels. This is a support.

    Let's re-read: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly".
    This is a physical attachment to a mechanical support.

    Sense 1: attach to a support.
    Sense 3: fix onto a backing, setting, or support.

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    Sense 1 is a very direct fit for "attach to a support".
    Sense 3's example "mount slides" suggests a different kind of mounting (preparing a specimen).

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wheel
Target surface form: wheels
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on <t>wheels</t>, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wheel%1:06:00:: | definition=a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)
2. sense_key=wheel%1:06:05:: | definition=a handwheel that is used for steering | synonyms=steering wheel
3. sense_key=wheel%1:07:00:: | definition=forces that provide energy and direction | examples=the wheels of government began to turn
4. sense_key=wheel%1:06:01:: | definition=a circular helm to control the rudder of a vessel
5. sense_key=wheel%1:06:03:: | definition=game equipment consisting of a wheel with slots that is used for gambling; the wheel rotates horizontally and players bet on which slot the roulette ball will stop in | synonyms=roulette wheel
6. sense_key=wheel%1:06:02:: | definition=an instrument of torture that stretches or disjoints or mutilates victims | synonyms=rack
7. sense_key=wheel%1:06:06:: | definition=a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals | synonyms=bicycle, bike, cycle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "wheel"
    *   Target surface form: "wheels"
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on <t>wheels</t>, swing madly through a full 360 degrees..."
    *   Meaning: The bells are attached to circular frames (wheels) that allow them to rotate/swing.

    *   Sense 1: "a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)"
    *   Sense 2: "a handwheel that is used for steering" (steering wheel)
    *   Sense 3: "forces that provide energy and direction" (metaphorical, e.g., wheels of government)
    *   Sense 4: "a circular helm to control the rudder of a vessel" (ship's wheel)
    *   Sense 5: "game equipment consisting of a wheel with slots that is used for gambling" (roulette wheel)
    *   Sense 6: "an instrument of torture" (rack)
    *   Sense 7: "a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals" (bicycle)

    *   The context describes bells in a belfry mounted on wheels to enable them to swing 360 degrees.
    *   This fits the general definition of a wheel as a circular frame rotating on an axle (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a steering wheel (Sense 2), a metaphorical force (Sense 3), a ship's helm (Sense 4), a gambling wheel (Sense 5), a torture device (Sense 6), or a bicycle (Sense 7).

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate and general description of the mechanical component used in bell ringing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swing
Target surface form: swing
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, <t>swing</t> madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swing%2:38:02:: | definition=move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting | examples=He swung his left fist; swing a bat
2. sense_key=swing%2:38:00:: | definition=move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner | synonyms=sway | examples=He swung back
3. sense_key=swing%2:38:03:: | definition=change direction with a swinging motion; turn | examples=swing back; swing forward
4. sense_key=swing%2:41:01:: | definition=influence decisively | synonyms=swing over | examples=This action swung many votes over to his side
5. sense_key=swing%2:35:00:: | definition=make a big sweeping gesture or movement | synonyms=sweep, swing out
6. sense_key=swing%2:42:00:: | definition=hang freely | synonyms=dangle, drop | examples=the ornaments dangled from the tree; The light dropped from the ceiling
7. sense_key=swing%2:33:00:: | definition=hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement | examples=The soccer player began to swing at the referee
8. sense_key=swing%2:30:08:: | definition=alternate dramatically between high and low values | examples=his mood swings; the market is swinging up and down
9. sense_key=swing%2:42:01:: | definition=live in a lively, modern, and relaxed style | examples=The Woodstock generation attempted to swing freely
10. sense_key=swing%2:42:10:: | definition=have a certain musical rhythm | examples=The music has to swing
11. sense_key=swing%2:41:00:: | definition=be a social swinger; socialize a lot | synonyms=get around
12. sense_key=swing%2:36:03:: | definition=play with a subtle and intuitively felt sense of rhythm
13. sense_key=swing%2:35:08:: | definition=engage freely in promiscuous sex, often with the husband or wife of one's friends | examples=There were many swinging couples in the 1960's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `swing`
    *   Target surface form: `swing`
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, <t>swing</t> madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."
    *   Key details: Bells mounted on wheels, moving through a full 360 degrees.

    *   1: move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting (e.g., swing a bat) - *Incorrect (no intent to hit).*
    *   2: move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner (e.g., sway) - *Incorrect (this is usually for people walking).*
    *   3: change direction with a swinging motion; turn (e.g., swing back; swing forward) - *Possible, but "turn" is a bit narrow.*
    *   4: influence decisively - *Incorrect.*
    *   5: make a big sweeping gesture or movement - *Incorrect (usually refers to arms/gestures).*
    *   6: hang freely (e.g., dangle, drop) - *Incorrect (the bells are moving actively, not just hanging).*
    *   7: hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement - *Incorrect.*
    *   8: alternate dramatically between high and low values - *Incorrect.*
    *   9: live in a lively, modern, and relaxed style - *Incorrect.*
    *   10: have a certain musical rhythm - *Incorrect.*
    *   11: be a social swinger - *Incorrect.*
    *   12: play with a subtle and intuitively felt sense of rhythm - *Incorrect.*
    *   13: engage freely in promiscuous sex - *Incorrect.*

    *   The bells are moving in a circular/arc motion (360 degrees).
    *   Sense 1: "move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting". The "intent of hitting" part doesn't fit, but the "move in a curve or arc" part does.
    *   Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner". This is more about a side-to-side motion (sway).
    *   Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn". The bells are turning 360 degrees.
    *   Wait, let me re-examine the senses. Is there a better one?
    *   Looking at the options again:
        1. move in a curve or arc...
        2. move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner...
        3. change direction with a swinging motion; turn...
        6. hang freely...

    *   The bells are "mounted on wheels" and "swing madly through a full 360 degrees". This is a rotational movement in an arc.
    *   Sense 1 mentions "move in a curve or arc".
    *   Sense 3 mentions "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "He swung his left fist; swing a bat". These are active movements in an arc.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "swing back; swing forward". These are changes in direction.
    *   The bells are moving in a continuous 360-degree arc.

    *   Wait, let me look at the senses again. Is there a sense for "oscillate" or "rotate in an arc"?
    *   Sense 1: "move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting".
    *   Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner".
    *   Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".

    *   Actually, looking at the WordNet structure (though I can't see the full hierarchy), "swing" as in a bell swinging is typically the motion of moving back and forth or in a circle around a pivot.
    *   Sense 1: "move in a curve or arc". This fits the physical motion of the bell. The "usually with the intent of hitting" might be a common usage, but the core meaning is the arc motion.
    *   Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn". The bells are turning 360 degrees.

    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 1: move in a curve or arc.
    *   Sense 3: change direction with a swinging motion; turn.
    *   The bells are moving in a full circle (360 degrees). This is a continuous arc.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner". This is usually for people.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 6: "hang freely". The bells are not just hanging; they are moving "madly".

    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 1: move in a curve or arc.
    *   Sense 3: change direction with a swinging motion; turn.

    *   If a bell swings 360 degrees, it is moving in a curve/arc.
    *   If it "swings back", it changes direction.
    *   The text says "swing madly through a full 360 degrees". This describes the motion itself (the arc), not necessarily the change in direction (though it does change direction at the top/bottom).

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".

    *   Actually, in many WordNet versions, the sense for a bell swinging is often associated with moving back and forth (oscillating).
    *   If I have to choose between 1 and 3:
        *   1: move in a curve or arc.
        *   3: change direction with a swinging motion; turn.

    *   "Swing madly through a full 360 degrees" sounds more like the motion of the arc (Sense 1) than a simple change of direction (Sense 3). However, the "intent of hitting" in Sense 1 is very specific to bats/fists.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner".
    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".

    *   Let's think about the motion of a bell. It's a pendulum-like motion (or a full circle).
    *   If it's a full 360 degrees, it's rotating around an axis.
    *   Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn". "Turn" fits the 360-degree rotation.

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "move in a curve or arc". A 360-degree rotation is a curve/arc.

    *   Let's search for "swing" in the context of bells.
    *   "The bell swings" usually means it moves back and forth.
    *   In this specific context, it's "swing madly through a full 360 degrees".

    *   Let's look at the candidate senses one more time.
    *   1. move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting
    *   2. move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner
    *   3. change direction with a swinging motion; turn
    *   6. hang freely

    *   If the bell is moving 360 degrees, it is "turning". Sense 3 says "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   If the bell is moving in a circle, it is "moving in a curve or arc". Sense 1 says "move in a curve or arc".

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "swing back; swing forward". These are changes in direction.
    *   The bells are moving "through a full 360 degrees". This is a continuous motion.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner". This is often used for things that sway.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 1. "move in a curve or arc". This is the most basic description of the physical motion of a bell. The "usually with the intent of hitting" might be a qualifier for the *most common* use, but the core is the arc motion.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".

    *   Actually, looking at the phrase "swing madly through a full 360 degrees", the word "turn" in Sense 3 is quite fitting for a 360-degree movement.

    *   Let's try to find this specific WordNet sense mapping.
    *   Sense 1: swing (bat, fist)
    *   Sense 2: swing (walk)
    *   Sense 3: swing (turn/change direction)
    *   Sense 6: swing (dangle)

    *   If a bell is swinging 360 degrees, it's rotating. "Turn" (Sense 3) is a synonym for rotate.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 again. "move in a curve or arc". A bell's path is an arc.

    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The bell swings in an arc." (Sense 1)
        *   "The bell swings around." (Sense 3)

    *   The context says "swing madly through a full 360 degrees". This is very similar to "swing around".

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "swing back; swing forward". These are changes in direction.
    *   The bells are moving in a full circle, which involves changing direction constantly.

    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting". The "intent of hitting" is very strong here. It's hard to ignore.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner". This is usually for people or things that sway (like a pendulum). A bell is like a pendulum.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   If the bell is moving 360 degrees, it is turning.

    *   Let's think about the most likely intended sense in a linguistic dataset.
    *   Sense 1: swing a bat (arc + hit)
    *   Sense 2: swing one's hips (sway)
    *   Sense 3: swing the door open (turn/change direction)
    *   Sense 6: a sign swinging in the wind (dangle)

    *   The bell is mounted on wheels and moves 360 degrees. This is a "turn" or "rotation" around an axis.

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   Example: "swing back; swing forward".
    *   This fits the motion of a bell (which swings back and forth, or in this case, all the way around).

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 1: "move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting".
    *   The "intent of hitting" really makes this sense about attacking or using a tool.

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner".
    *   This is more about the *manner* of movement (swaying).

    *   Therefore, Sense 3 ("change direction with a swinging motion; turn") seems the most plausible, as it covers the "turn" aspect of the 360-degree motion.

    *   Wait, let me think about Sense 1 again. "move in a curve or arc". If you ignore the "usually with the intent of hitting", it's a perfect fit. But in fine-grained WSD, those qualifiers matter.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   If a bell goes 360 degrees, it's turning.

    *   Let's double-check if there's any other sense.
    *   Sense 6: "hang freely". The bells are mounted on wheels, so they *can* hang freely, but they are *swinging* madly.

    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again.
    *   Sense 2: "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner".
    *   Sense 3: "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".

    *   A bell's motion is a swing. When it goes 360 degrees, it's turning.

    *   Let's search for "swing" and "bell" in WordNet.
    *   In some versions of WordNet, "swing" (the motion of a bell) is listed under "move back and forth".
    *   Sense 3 ("change direction with a swinging motion; turn") is the closest to "move back and forth" or "rotate".

    *   Let's re-read the context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees".
    *   This is a rotation. Sense 3 includes "turn".

    *   Final check:
        *   Sense 1: Arc + Hit (No)
        *   Sense 2: Sway/Walk (No)
        *   Sense 3: Turn/Change direction (Yes)
        *   Sense 6: Dangle (No)

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3's examples again: "swing back; swing forward".
    *   If a bell swings 360 degrees, it swings forward, then back, then forward again.

    *   Let's consider Sense 1 one more time. "move in a curve or arc".
    *   If the "intent of hitting" is just a "usually", could it be Sense 1?
    *   "He swung his left fist; swing a bat". These are very specific.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "change direction with a swinging motion; turn".
    *   "Turn" is a very good fit for "360 degrees".

    *   Let's think about the word "swing" in "the bell swings". It's the classic example of a swinging motion.
    *   If the options are limited to these 13, Sense 3 is the most likely.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner".
    *   Could "swinging" be the manner? "swing madly".
    *   But "through a full 360 degrees" describes the path (the turn), not just the manner.

    *   Let's go with Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: madly
Target surface form: madly
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing <t>madly</t> through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=madly%4:02:02:: | definition=in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=frantically | examples=she fought back madly
2. sense_key=madly%4:02:01:: | definition=in an insane manner | synonyms=insanely, crazily, dementedly | examples=she behaved insanely; he behaves crazily when he is off his medication
3. sense_key=madly%4:02:00:: | definition=(used as intensives) extremely | synonyms=insanely, deadly, deucedly, devilishly | examples=she was madly in love; deadly dull

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "madly"
    *   Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing <t>madly</t> through a full 360 degrees..."
    *   Meaning: The bells are swinging violently, rapidly, or in an uncontrolled-looking way (though they are actually controlled by the ringers, the *motion* itself is extreme/wild).

    *   Sense 1: "in an uncontrolled manner" (synonym: frantically). Example: "she fought back madly".
    *   Sense 2: "in an insane manner" (synonyms: insanely, crazily, dementedly). Example: "she behaved insanely".
    *   Sense 3: "(used as intensives) extremely" (synonyms: insanely, deadly). Example: "she was madly in love".

    *   Sense 2 (insane) is clearly wrong; bells cannot be mentally ill.
    *   Sense 3 (intensive) is used for adjectives (e.g., "madly in love", "madly expensive"). Here, "madly" modifies the verb "swing". While it could be an intensive, "swing madly" usually describes the *manner* of the movement.
    *   Sense 1 (uncontrolled manner/frantically) fits the description of bells swinging 360 degrees. Even though the ringers are skilled, the physical motion of a huge bronze bell swinging full circle is wild and violent.

    *   "Swing madly" $\approx$ "Swing wildly" or "Swing frantically".
    *   Sense 1: "in an uncontrolled manner" / "frantically". This matches the physical description of the bells' motion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: full
Target surface form: full
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a <t>full</t> 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=full%3:00:00:: | definition=containing as much or as many as is possible or normal | examples=a full glass; a sky full of stars
2. sense_key=full%5:00:01:whole:00 | definition=constituting the full quantity or extent; complete | synonyms=entire, total | examples=an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention
3. sense_key=full%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=complete in extent or degree and in every particular | synonyms=total | examples=a full game; a total eclipse
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:nourished:00 | definition=filled to satisfaction with food or drink | synonyms=replete | examples=a full stomach
5. sense_key=full%3:00:01:: | definition=(of sound) having marked deepness and body | examples=full tones; a full voice
6. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
7. sense_key=full%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=being at a peak or culminating point | synonyms=broad | examples=broad daylight; full summer
8. sense_key=full%5:00:02:ample:00 | definition=having ample fabric | synonyms=wide, wide-cut | examples=the current taste for wide trousers; a full skirt

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "full"
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a <t>full</t> 360 degrees..."
    *   Meaning: The bells swing through the entire 360 degrees.

    *   Sense 1: containing as much as possible (e.g., full glass) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 2: constituting the full quantity or extent; complete (synonyms: entire, total; e.g., entire town, full attention) - *Strong candidate*
    *   Sense 3: complete in extent or degree and in every particular (synonyms: total; e.g., full game, total eclipse) - *Strong candidate*
    *   Sense 4: filled with food (e.g., full stomach) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 5: sound deepness (e.g., full voice) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 6: normally expected amount (e.g., full measure) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 7: peak or culminating point (e.g., full summer) - *Incorrect*
    *   Sense 8: ample fabric (e.g., full skirt) - *Incorrect*

    *   Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" (synonyms: entire, total). Example: "an entire town devastated".
    *   Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" (synonyms: total). Example: "a full game; a total eclipse".

    *   "a full 360 degrees" means the entire circle.
    *   Comparing "entire/total extent" (Sense 2) vs "complete in every particular" (Sense 3).
    *   A circle of 360 degrees is a specific quantity/extent. "Full 360 degrees" emphasizes that the entire range of the circle is covered.
    *   Sense 2's definition "constituting the full quantity or extent" fits "360 degrees" (the extent of a circle) very well.
    *   Sense 3's definition "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" often refers to things like a "full game" (the whole duration) or "total eclipse" (complete coverage).

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete". Synonyms: "entire, total".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular". Synonyms: "total".
    *   In "a full 360 degrees", "full" means "entire".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "an entire town devastated".
    *   Example for Sense 3: "a full game".

    *   Actually, "a full 360 degrees" is very similar to "a full game" (the whole thing).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent".
    *   Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular".

    *   If I say "a full 360 degrees", I mean the entire 360 degrees.
    *   Sense 2: "entire, total".
    *   Sense 3: "total".

    *   Let's look at the WordNet structure (if I recall it). Often, "full" meaning "entire" is mapped to the sense of "complete extent".
    *   Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete"
    *   Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular"

    *   "Full 360 degrees" is a measurement of extent.
    *   Sense 2 seems slightly more focused on the "quantity or extent" aspect.

    *   Let's check "full game" (Sense 3) vs "entire town" (Sense 2).
    *   A "full game" is a complete game.
    *   An "entire town" is the whole town.
    *   "Full 360 degrees" is the whole 360 degrees.

    *   Wait, looking at the provided senses again:
        Sense 2: full%5:00:01:whole:00 (whole)
        Sense 3: full%5:00:00:complete:00 (complete)

    *   "Full 360 degrees" = "Whole 360 degrees" or "Complete 360 degrees"? Both work.
    *   However, "constituting the full quantity or extent" (Sense 2) is a very precise fit for a numerical measurement like 360 degrees.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular". This often implies a state of being finished or absolute (like a total eclipse).

    *   "Full 360 degrees" is about the extent of the swing.
    *   Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent".

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2 and 3 one more time.
    *   Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" (entire, total)
    *   Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" (total)

    *   If you swing through a "full 360 degrees", you have covered the entire extent of the circle. This matches Sense 2's "constituting the full quantity or extent".

    *   Sense 2: "entire town", "full attention".
    *   Sense 3: "full game", "total eclipse".

    *   "Full 360 degrees" is more like "entire town" (the whole of the specified thing) than "full game" (the complete duration/set of rules).

    *   Wait, "full game" is also about the whole extent of the game. This is tricky.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 2 has "entire". "An entire 360 degrees" sounds very natural.

    *   Let's try to find "full [number] [unit]" in a corpus or dictionary.
    *   "A full 10 miles" = the entire 10 miles.
    *   This matches "constituting the full quantity or extent".

    *   Sense 2: full%5:00:01:whole:00
    *   Sense 3: full%5:00:00:complete:00

    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "full" meaning "entire" (as in "a full 360 degrees") is mapped to the "whole" sense.

    *   Sense 2: constituting the full quantity or extent; complete.
    *   Sense 3: complete in extent or degree and in every particular.

    *   "Full 360 degrees" is exactly the full quantity/extent of a circle.

    *   Sense 2: "entire town devastated" (the whole town).
    *   Sense 3: "full game" (the whole game).
    *   Wait, "full game" and "entire town" are very similar.
    *   But "full game" might imply that no part was skipped, whereas "entire town" implies the whole area.
    *   "Full 360 degrees" means the whole rotation.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "constituting the full quantity or extent".
    *   360 degrees is a quantity/extent.

    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular".
    *   This sounds more like "absolute" or "thorough".

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degrees
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 <t>degrees</t>, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `degree`
    *   Target surface form: `degrees`
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 <t>degrees</t>, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."

    *   Sense 1: position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality (grade, level).
    *   Sense 2: specific identifiable position in a continuum/series/process (level, stage, point).
    *   Sense 3: academic award.
    *   Sense 4: measure for arcs and angles (arcdegree). Example: "there are 360 degrees in a circle".
    *   Sense 5: highest power of a term or variable (mathematics).
    *   Sense 6: unit of temperature.
    *   Sense 7: seriousness of something (e.g., burn or crime).

    *   The context mentions "360 degrees" in the context of bells swinging "through a full 360 degrees".
    *   This refers to a full circle or rotation.
    *   This matches Sense 4: "a measure for arcs and angles" with the example "there are 360 degrees in a circle".

    *   Sense 4 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: starting
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, <t>starting</t> and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `start`
    *   Target surface form: `starting`
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, <t>starting</t> and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."

    *   The bells are swinging in a circle (360 degrees).
    *   The phrase "starting and ending... in the inverted... position" describes the point in the cycle where the motion begins and ends.
    *   It's describing a spatial/temporal boundary of a repetitive motion.

    *   Sense 1: take the first step in carrying out an action (e.g., "began working"). (Not quite right; the bell isn't "carrying out an action" in a volitional sense).
    *   Sense 2: set in motion, cause to start (e.g., "started a war"). (No, the bell isn't causing something else to start).
    *   Sense 3: leave (e.g., "took off for Florida"). (No).
    *   Sense 4: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense (e.g., "The DMZ begins right over the hill"). (This fits well; the motion has a spatial beginning point).
    *   Sense 5: bring into being (e.g., "initiated a new program"). (No).
    *   Sense 6: get off the ground (e.g., "started this company"). (No).
    *   Sense 7: move or jump suddenly (e.g., "startled"). (No).
    *   Sense 8: get going or set in motion (e.g., "start the engine"). (No).
    *   Sense 9: begin or set in motion (e.g., "I start at eight"). (No).
    *   Sense 10: begin work or acting in a certain capacity (e.g., "start a new job"). (No).
    *   Sense 11: play in the starting lineup. (No).
    *   Sense 12: have a beginning characterized in some specified way (e.g., "The novel begins with a murder"). (This is very similar to Sense 4).
    *   Sense 13: begin an event implied by the nature of the object (e.g., "started the soup"). (No).
    *   Sense 14: bulge outward. (No).

    *   Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" (Example: "The DMZ begins right over the hill").
    *   Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" (Example: "The novel begins with a murder").

    In the sentence "...swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending... in the inverted... position," the "starting" refers to the point in space/time where the 360-degree swing begins.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense".
    Let's look at Sense 12 again: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way".

    The phrase "starting... in the inverted... position" specifies *where* (spatial) or *how* (characterized) it starts.

    Comparing "The DMZ begins right over the hill" (Sense 4) and "The novel begins with a murder" (Sense 12).
    The bell's swing begins *at* a certain position. This is a spatial beginning.

    Wait, let's re-read Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense".
    And Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way".

    "Starting... in the inverted... position" describes the position at the start. This is a spatial beginning.

    Let's check if there's a better fit.
    Sense 4: "The DMZ begins right over the hill" (Spatial).
    Sense 12: "The novel begins with a murder" (Characterized by).

    The bell's swing starts *in* the inverted position. This is very similar to "The DMZ begins right over the hill".

    Let's double-check the context: "swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending... in the inverted... position."
    The "starting" here is the point of origin for the 360-degree arc.

    Sense 4 seems the most accurate for a spatial beginning.

    Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense"
    Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way"

    If I say "The race starts at the town square," is that Sense 4 (spatial) or Sense 12 (characterized)? Usually, that's Sense 4.
    If I say "The race starts with a bang," that's Sense 12.

    "Starting... in the inverted... position" is more like "starts at the town square" (spatial) than "starts with a bang" (characterized).

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: end
Target surface form: ending
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and <t>ending</t>, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=end%2:42:00:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=stop, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
2. sense_key=end%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to an end or halt | synonyms=terminate | examples=She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime; The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I
3. sense_key=end%2:42:01:: | definition=be the end of; be the last or concluding part of | synonyms=terminate | examples=This sad scene ended the movie
4. sense_key=end%2:36:13:: | definition=put an end to | examples=The terrible news ended our hopes that he had survived

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `end`
    *   Target surface form: `ending`
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and <t>ending</t>, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."

    *   Sense 1: `end%2:42:00::` - have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical. (Synonyms: stop, finish, terminate, cease). Example: "the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed".
    *   Sense 2: `end%2:30:01::` - bring to an end or halt. (Synonyms: terminate). Example: "She ended their friendship". (Transitive: someone ends something).
    *   Sense 3: `end%2:42:01::` - be the end of; be the last or concluding part of. (Synonyms: terminate). Example: "This sad scene ended the movie". (The subject is the final part).
    *   Sense 4: `end%2:36:13::` - put an end to. Example: "The terrible news ended our hopes". (Transitive: something stops something else).

    *   The sentence says: "...the huge bronze bells... swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending... in the inverted... position."
    *   Here, "starting and ending" describe the motion of the bells.
    *   The bells *end* their swing in a specific position.
    *   This is an intransitive use of "ending" (the bells end in a position).
    *   Sense 1 describes having an end in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense. "Ending in the inverted position" describes the spatial/temporal conclusion of the swing.
    *   Sense 2 is transitive ("bring to an end").
    *   Sense 3 is "be the end of" (e.g., the scene ended the movie). The bells are not the end of something else; they are the things that are ending their motion.
    *   Sense 4 is transitive ("put an end to").

    *   Sense 1: "have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense". The bells' swing has an end in a specific position. This fits well.
    *   Sense 3: "be the end of; be the last or concluding part of". The bells are not the concluding part of the swing; the *position* is where the swing ends.

    *   "The bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed" (Sense 1) is very similar to "the bells end in the inverted position". Both describe a spatial termination point.

    *   Sense 1: Intransitive, spatial/temporal termination.
    *   Sense 2: Transitive, causing something to stop.
    *   Sense 3: Intransitive/Linking, being the final part of a sequence.
    *   Sense 4: Transitive, causing something to stop.

    The bells are performing an action (swinging) and that action concludes (ends) in a certain position. This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inverted
Target surface form: inverted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the <t>inverted</t>, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inverted%5:00:00:turned:00 | definition=being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed | synonyms=upside-down | examples=a quotation mark is sometimes called an inverted comma; an upside-down cake
2. sense_key=inverted%3:00:04:: | definition=(of a plant ovule) completely inverted; turned back 180 degrees on its stalk | synonyms=anatropous

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "inverted"
    *   Target surface form: "inverted"
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the <t>inverted</t>, or mouth-up position."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `inverted%5:00:00:turned:00`: being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed (synonym: upside-down).
        2.  `inverted%3:00:04::`: (of a plant ovule) completely inverted; turned back 180 degrees on its stalk (synonym: anatropous).

    *   The context describes bells swinging 360 degrees and ending in an "inverted, or mouth-up position."
    *   Bells normally hang mouth-down. "Mouth-up" is the opposite of the normal position (top and bottom reversed).
    *   Sense 1 refers to top and bottom being reversed (upside-down).
    *   Sense 2 refers specifically to plant ovules (botany).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly (upside-down/mouth-up).
    *   Sense 2 is irrelevant (botany).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: position
Target surface form: position
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up <t>position</t>. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=position%1:15:00:: | definition=the particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=place | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
2. sense_key=position%1:15:02:: | definition=a point occupied by troops for tactical reasons | synonyms=military position
3. sense_key=position%1:09:00:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=view, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
4. sense_key=position%1:07:01:: | definition=the arrangement of the body and its limbs | synonyms=posture, attitude | examples=he assumed an attitude of surrender
5. sense_key=position%1:26:00:: | definition=the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society | synonyms=status | examples=he had the status of a minor; the novel attained the status of a classic
6. sense_key=position%1:04:01:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=post, berth, office, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
7. sense_key=position%1:07:00:: | definition=the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated | synonyms=spatial relation | examples=the position of the hands on the clock; he specified the spatial relations of every piece of furniture on the stage
8. sense_key=position%1:15:03:: | definition=the appropriate or customary location | examples=the cars were in position
9. sense_key=position%1:04:02:: | definition=(in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player | examples=what position does he play?
10. sense_key=position%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of putting something in a certain place | synonyms=placement, location, locating, positioning, emplacement
11. sense_key=position%1:26:02:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=situation | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
12. sense_key=position%1:09:01:: | definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=stance, posture
13. sense_key=position%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=side | examples=there are two sides to every question
14. sense_key=position%1:10:01:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=place | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position
15. sense_key=position%1:04:03:: | definition=the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another | synonyms=stead, place, lieu | examples=can you go in my stead?; took his place
16. sense_key=position%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 7}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "position"
    *   Context: "...the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up <t>position</t>."
    *   Meaning: The bells are in a specific physical orientation (inverted, mouth-up).

    *   1: particular portion of space occupied by something (place) - *Too general.*
    *   2: point occupied by troops (military position) - *Incorrect.*
    *   3: way of regarding situations (view, perspective) - *Incorrect.*
    *   4: arrangement of the body and its limbs (posture, attitude) - *Usually refers to humans/animals.*
    *   5: relative position/standing in society (status) - *Incorrect.*
    *   6: job in an organization (post) - *Incorrect.*
    *   7: the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated (spatial relation) - *This fits well. "Mouth-up" describes the way the bell is situated/oriented.*
    *   8: appropriate or customary location - *Incorrect.*
    *   9: role in team sports - *Incorrect.*
    *   10: act of putting something in a place (placement) - *Incorrect.*
    *   11: condition or situation you find yourself in - *Incorrect.*
    *   12: rationalized mental attitude (stance) - *Incorrect.*
    *   13: opinion in opposition (side) - *Incorrect.*
    *   14: item on a list or sequence - *Incorrect.*
    *   15: post or function occupied by another (stead) - *Incorrect.*
    *   16: act of positing (assumption) - *Incorrect.*

    *   Sense 4 (posture) is for bodies.
    *   Sense 7 (spatial property/way in which something is situated) covers orientation and spatial relations. "Mouth-up" is a description of the way the bell is situated (its orientation).

    *   Sense 7: "the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated | synonyms=spatial relation | examples=the position of the hands on the clock".
    *   The "mouth-up position" of a bell is very similar to the "position of the hands on the clock". It describes the orientation/spatial property.

    *   Sense 1 is "the particular portion of space occupied by something" (e.g., "he put the lamp back in its place"). This is more about *where* it is, not *how* it is oriented.
    *   Sense 7 is "the way in which something is situated". This fits "mouth-up" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled <t>ringers</t> use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text describes people practicing bell ringing at St. Mary Abbot church in London. It mentions "shirt-sleeved ringers", "pulling a rope", "ringing chamber", "belfry", "huge bronze bells", and "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context is explicitly about people ringing church bells in a belfry.
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly: "a person who rings church bells".
    *   Sense 2 (look-alike), Sense 3 (fraudulent contestant), and Sense 4 (horseshoes) are completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers <t>use</t> their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `use`
    *   Target surface form: `use`
    *   Context: "Skilled ringers <t>use</t> their wrists to advance or retard the next swing..."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are employing their wrists (a part of their body) to control the movement of the bells.

    *   Sense 1: `put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose` (Synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ). Example: "use your head!"
    *   Sense 2: `take or consume (regularly or habitually)` (Synonyms: habituate). Example: "She uses drugs rarely."
    *   Sense 3: `use up, consume fully` (Synonyms: expend). Example: "The legislature expended its time..."
    *   Sense 4: `seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage`. Example: "She uses her influential friends..."
    *   Sense 5: `avail oneself to` (Synonyms: practice, apply). Example: "apply a principle; practice a religion."
    *   Sense 6: `habitually do something (use only in the past tense)`. Example: "She used to call her mother..."

    *   The ringers are employing their wrists to achieve a specific physical result (advancing or retarding the swing).
    *   This fits perfectly with Sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose".
    *   Sense 2 (drugs/consumption) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (expend/use up) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (manipulate for advantage) is usually used for people or connections, not body parts for a physical task.
    *   Sense 5 (practice a religion/principle) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (past habit) is incorrect.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: retard
Target surface form: retard
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or <t>retard</t> the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=retard%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate | examples=This drug will retard your heart rate
2. sense_key=retard%2:42:00:: | definition=be delayed
3. sense_key=retard%2:30:07:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, delay | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development
4. sense_key=retard%2:30:00:: | definition=lose velocity; move more slowly | synonyms=decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up | examples=The car decelerated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `retard`
    *   Target surface form: `retard`
    *   Context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or <t>retard</t> the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `retard%2:30:01::` - cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate (transitive)
        2.  `retard%2:42:00::` - be delayed (intransitive)
        3.  `retard%2:30:07::` - slow the growth or development of (transitive)
        4.  `retard%2:30:00::` - lose velocity; move more slowly (intransitive)

    *   The sentence is: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing..."
    *   The verb `retard` is used transitively here (the object is "the next swing").
    *   It is contrasted with "advance".
    *   In the context of bell ringing, "advance" means to make the bell swing faster/sooner, and "retard" means to make it swing slower/later.

    *   Sense 1: "cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate" (Transitive). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "be delayed" (Intransitive). Does not fit (it's transitive here).
    *   Sense 3: "slow the growth or development of" (Transitive). This refers to biological or developmental growth. Not applicable to a bell swing.
    *   Sense 4: "lose velocity; move more slowly" (Intransitive). Does not fit (it's transitive here).

    *   The ringers are *causing* the swing to move more slowly/later.
    *   Sense 1 is the only transitive sense that fits the physical movement of an object (the swing of the bell).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swing
Target surface form: swing
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next <t>swing</t>, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swing%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity | examples=the party went with a swing; it took time to get into the swing of things
2. sense_key=swing%1:06:00:: | definition=mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth
3. sense_key=swing%1:04:06:: | definition=a sweeping blow or stroke | examples=he took a wild swing at my head
4. sense_key=swing%1:04:00:: | definition=changing location by moving back and forth | synonyms=swinging, vacillation
5. sense_key=swing%1:10:01:: | definition=a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz | synonyms=swing music, jive
6. sense_key=swing%1:07:00:: | definition=a jaunty rhythm in music | synonyms=lilt
7. sense_key=swing%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it | synonyms=golf stroke, golf shot
8. sense_key=swing%1:04:02:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, cut | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
9. sense_key=swing%1:04:04:: | definition=a square dance figure; a pair of dancers join hands and dance around a point between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `swing`
    *   Target surface form: `swing`
    *   Context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next <t>swing</t>, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
    *   Surrounding context: The text describes church bell ringing. It mentions bells mounted on wheels that "swing madly through a full 360 degrees." The ringers pull ropes to control this movement.

    *   Sense 1: `swing%1:26:01::` - state of steady vigorous action (e.g., "get into the swing of things"). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: `swing%1:06:00::` - mechanical device used as a plaything. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: `swing%1:04:06::` - a sweeping blow or stroke (e.g., "wild swing at my head"). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: `swing%1:04:00::` - changing location by moving back and forth; synonyms: swinging, vacillation. (This describes the motion of the bell).
    *   Sense 5: `swing%1:10:01::` - style of jazz. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: `swing%1:07:00::` - jaunty rhythm in music. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: `swing%1:04:03::` - golf stroke. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: `swing%1:04:02::` - baseball swing. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: `swing%1:04:04::` - square dance figure. (Incorrect)

    *   The context is about the physical movement of the bells.
    *   "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells... swing madly through a full 360 degrees."
    *   "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing..."
    *   In this context, "swing" refers to the act or instance of the bell moving back and forth (or in a full circle).
    *   Sense 4 (`swing%1:04:00::`) defines it as "changing location by moving back and forth" (synonyms: swinging). While the bells are moving 360 degrees, the general concept of "swinging" (oscillating or rotating around a pivot) fits best here among the provided options.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: No.
    *   Sense 3: No (not a blow).
    *   Sense 4: Yes (the motion of the bell).
    *   Sense 5: No.
    *   Sense 6: No.
    *   Sense 7: No.
    *   Sense 8: No.
    *   Sense 9: No.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 4: "changing location by moving back and forth | synonyms=swinging, vacillation".
    *   Is there a better sense? Let's look at the list again.
    *   1: state of action
    *   2: plaything
    *   3: sweeping blow
    *   4: moving back and forth
    *   5: jazz
    *   6: rhythm
    *   7: golf
    *   8: baseball
    *   9: dance
    *   None of the others fit at all. Sense 4 is the only one describing the physical motion of swinging.

    *   The target word is "swing" (noun).
    *   "advance or retard the next swing" -> "swing" is a noun here.
    *   Sense 4: "changing location by moving back and forth" (This can be a noun/gerund).

    *   The bells are swinging. The "next swing" is the next cycle of that motion. Sense 4 is the only one that describes this physical movement.