[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `severe`
    *   Target surface form: `severe`
    *   Context: "...GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>."
    *   Wait, let me re-read the context carefully. "the prisoner's sentence is more severe".
    *   Wait, looking at the context again: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates... turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state... Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   Wait, "the prisoner's sentence" seems like a metaphor here for the "tax burden" mentioned in the previous sentence.
    *   The phrase is "when the prisoner's sentence is more severe".

    *   Sense 1: intense (intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality) - e.g., severe pain, severe case of flu.
    *   Sense 2: strong (very strong or vigorous) - e.g., strong winds.
    *   Sense 3: plain (severely simple) - e.g., stark interior.
    *   Sense 4: nonindulgent (unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment) - e.g., a parent severe to the pitch of hostility.
    *   Sense 5: critical (causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm) - e.g., a dangerous operation.
    *   Sense 6: bad (very bad in degree or extent) - e.g., severe worldwide depression, severe damage.

    *   The context uses "severe" to describe a "prisoner's sentence".
    *   A "severe sentence" in a legal context means a punishment that is harsh, strict, or extreme in its severity.
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (intense/bad/unpleasant): Possible, but usually refers to pain or illness.
        *   Sense 4 (nonindulgent/unsparing in discipline or judgment): This fits the idea of a "severe sentence" (uncompromising in judgment).
        *   Sense 6 (very bad in degree or extent): This is a general sense of "severe".

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A sentence handed down by a judge is a judgment. A "severe sentence" is one that is unsparing.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality". A severe sentence is unpleasant.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 6: "very bad in degree or extent".

    *   Wait, let me look at the metaphor again. "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state... Put more simply... when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   The "prisoner's sentence" is a metaphor for the "tax burden".
    *   If a sentence is "severe", it is harsh or strict.
    *   Looking at the WordNet senses provided:
        *   Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". This is the classic definition of a "severe" punishment or sentence.

    *   Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (pain, flu).
    *   Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" (parent, mien).
    *   Sense 6: "very bad in degree or extent" (depression, damage).

    *   A "severe sentence" (punishment) is most closely aligned with "unsparing and uncompromising in judgment" (Sense 4).

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "severe" in "severe sentence" is usually mapped to Sense 4 or Sense 6.
    *   Sense 4 mentions "discipline or judgment". A sentence is a judgment.
    *   Sense 6 is more about the *extent* of damage or a depression.
    *   Sense 1 is more about *intensity* of pain or illness.

    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien". These are about personality/demeanor.
    *   Wait, "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" perfectly describes a harsh sentence.

    *   Let's re-read the context one more time. "the prisoner's sentence is more severe".
    *   Is it possible it's Sense 6? "very bad in degree or extent". A severe sentence is bad in extent.
    *   But Sense 4 specifically mentions "judgment".

    *   Let's compare:
        *   Sense 4: unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment.
        *   Sense 6: very bad in degree or extent.

    *   In the context of a legal sentence, "severe" means harsh. "Harsh" is a synonym for "unsparing and uncompromising".

    *   Let's check other sources for "severe sentence".
    *   Merriam-Webster: "severe" (adj) -> 1: strict or harsh (as in discipline or judgment).
    *   This matches Sense 4.

    *   Wait, let me look at the provided senses again.
    *   Sense 1: intense (bad/unpleasant)
    *   Sense 2: strong (vigorous)
    *   Sense 3: plain (simple)
    *   Sense 4: nonindulgent (unsparing/uncompromising in discipline or judgment)
    *   Sense 5: critical (threatening harm)
    *   Sense 6: bad (very bad in degree or extent)

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit for "severe sentence".

    *   Wait, let me re-read the context again. Is "prisoner's sentence" actually a prisoner's sentence, or is it a metaphor for the tax burden?
    *   "the difference between popular votes... turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state... Put more simply, GOP candidates... are looked on more kindly... when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
    *   Yes, it's a metaphor. The "prisoner" is the state/taxpayer, and the "sentence" is the tax burden.
    *   Even as a metaphor, "severe" is modifying "sentence". The meaning of "severe" in "severe sentence" is "harsh/unsparing".

    *   Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment".
    *   This fits "severe sentence" perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `appear`
    *   Target surface form: `appears`
    *   Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

    *   Sense 1: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (look, seem). Example: "She seems to be sleeping."
    *   Sense 2: come into sight or view. Example: "He suddenly appeared at the wedding."
    *   Sense 3: be issued or published. Example: "Did your latest book appear yet?"
    *   Sense 4: seem to be true, probable, or apparent (seem). Example: "It seems that he is very gifted."
    *   Sense 5: come into being or existence. Example: "Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago."
    *   Sense 6: appear as a character on stage. Example: "Gielgud appears briefly in this movie."
    *   Sense 7: present oneself formally (judicial). Example: "He had to appear in court."

    *   The sentence is: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
    *   Here, "appears" is used to indicate that based on the evidence/observation, it *seems* to be the case that ticket splitting follows a certain pattern.
    *   It's not about coming into sight (Sense 2), being published (Sense 3), coming into existence (Sense 5), acting in a play (Sense 6), or appearing in court (Sense 7).
    *   The choice is between Sense 1 ("give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect") and Sense 4 ("seem to be true, probable, or apparent").

    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (often used for physical appearance or a general impression of a person/thing). Example: "This appears to be a very difficult problem."
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent". Example: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad."
    *   In the context "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern", the author is making a claim about a pattern observed in data. This is a statement about probability or apparent truth based on evidence.
    *   Comparing "appears to be a very difficult problem" (Sense 1) and "appears that the weather... is very bad" (Sense 4).
    *   Actually, looking closer at WordNet's distinctions:
        *   Sense 1 (appear%2:39:00) often relates to the *outward appearance* or *impression*.
        *   Sense 4 (appear%2:39:01) often relates to *seeming to be true* or *probable*.
    *   "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" means "It seems to be true that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern."

    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    *   Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"
    *   The sentence is discussing a political science observation. The "pattern" is not an "outward aspect" in a physical or superficial sense, but rather a conclusion drawn from data. Therefore, "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (Sense 4) is a better fit.

    *Wait*, let me re-read the examples.
    Sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem."
    Sense 4: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad."
    The structure "X appears to be Y" (Sense 1) vs "It appears that X" (Sense 4).
    The target sentence is "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern". This follows the "X appears to [verb]" structure.

    Let's look at the synonyms:
    Sense 1: look, seem.
    Sense 4: seem.

    Is there a subtle difference?
    Sense 1: "give a certain impression"
    Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    In "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern", the author is saying that the evidence suggests this is true. This aligns well with "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".

    Let's double-check Sense 1 again: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". This is often more about how something *looks* (e.g., "He appears tired").

    Comparing "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (Sense 1) and "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern". Both are making an assessment based on evidence.

    Wait, let me look at the sense keys again.
    Sense 1: appear%2:39:00
    Sense 4: appear%2:39:01

    In many WordNet versions, these are very close. Let's re-evaluate.
    Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    If I say "The evidence appears to support the theory," is that Sense 1 or Sense 4? It's saying it *seems to be true* that the evidence supports the theory.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (impression).
    Sense 4: "It seems that he is very gifted" (probable/apparent).

    "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" is more like "It appears that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern."

    Let's check if "appears to [verb]" usually maps to one or the other.
    "He appears to be sleeping" (Sense 1)
    "Ticket splitting appears to take..." (Sense 4?)

    Actually, "appears to be a very difficult problem" is listed under Sense 1. "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" is very similar in structure to "This appears to be a very difficult problem."

    Let's re-read Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
    Example: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad."

    If the sentence was "It appears that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern," it would be Sense 4.
    Since it is "ticket splitting appears to take...", it might be Sense 1.

    Wait, let me think about the meaning again. Is the "pattern" an "outward aspect" (Sense 1) or is the statement "seem[ing] to be true" (Sense 4)?
    A "pattern" in data is an observation. Saying it "appears to take" that pattern is saying it *seems to be true* that it does.

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 1: look, seem.
    Sense 4: seem.

    This is a very fine distinction. Let's search for how these are typically distinguished in WSD tasks.
    Often, "appear" as "seem" (Sense 1) is used when the subject is the thing that gives the impression.
    "He appears tired." (He gives the impression of being tired).
    "Ticket splitting appears to take the same pattern." (Ticket splitting gives the impression of taking the same pattern).

    Sense 4 is often used with the dummy subject "it".
    "It appears that..."

    If we follow that logic:
    "Ticket splitting appears to..." -> Sense 1.
    "It appears that ticket splitting..." -> Sense 4.

    Let's test this with the provided examples:
    Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (Subject: She)
    Sense 4: "It seems that he is very gifted" (Subject: It)

    The target sentence: "ticket splitting appears to take..." (Subject: ticket splitting).
    This matches the structure of Sense 1.

    Let's double-check the definitions one more time.
    Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    Is "taking a pattern" an "outward aspect"? In a data-driven context, the pattern *is* the outward aspect of the data.

    Let's re-examine Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
    If I say "The results appear to indicate a trend," am I saying the results *give the impression* of indicating a trend, or that it *seems to be true* that the results indicate a trend? Both are almost identical.

    However, the structural difference (Subject vs. Dummy "It") is a common way these are split in some lexicons.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem."
    Sense 4: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad."

    "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" is structurally identical to "This appears to be a very difficult problem."

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most likely candidate.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `take`
    *   Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

    *   "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern..."
    *   Here, "take" is used in the sense of "assuming" or "acquiring" a specific form or pattern.
    *   The subject is "ticket splitting" (a political phenomenon).
    *   The object is "the same peculiar pattern".

    *   Sense 1: carry out (take action) - No.
    *   Sense 2: require (time or space) - No.
    *   Sense 3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   Sense 4: get into one's hands - No.
    *   Sense 5: take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect (synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on; example: "His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn") - This fits perfectly. "Ticket splitting appears to take [on] the same peculiar pattern."
    *   Sense 6: interpret something - No.
    *   Sense 7: take something with oneself - No.
    *   Sense 8: take into one's possession - No.
    *   Sense 9: travel by means of transportation - No.
    *   Sense 10: pick out, select - No.
    *   Sense 11: receive willingly - No.
    *   Sense 12: assume positions or roles - No.
    *   Sense 13: take into consideration - No.
    *   Sense 14: require as useful - No.
    *   Sense 15: experience or feel - No.
    *   Sense 16: make a film - No.
    *   Sense 17: remove something - No.
    *   Sense 18: consume regularly - No.
    *   Sense 19: accept or undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   Sense 20: make use of or accept - No.
    *   Sense 21: take by force - No.
    *   Sense 22: occupy or take on (assume the lotus position) - This is more about physical posture or position.
    *   Sense 23: admit into a group - No.
    *   Sense 24: ascertain by measuring - No.
    *   Sense 25: be a student of - No.
    *   Sense 26: take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   Sense 27: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   Sense 28: point or cause to go towards - No.
    *   Sense 29: be seized or affected - No.
    *   Sense 30: have with oneself - No.
    *   Sense 31: engage for service - No.
    *   Sense 32: receive or obtain regularly - No.
    *   Sense 33: buy, select - No.
    *   Sense 34: get into a position of having - No.
    *   Sense 35: have sex with - No.
    *   Sense 36: lay claim to - No.
    *   Sense 37: be designed to hold - No.
    *   Sense 38: be capable of holding - No.
    *   Sense 39: develop a habit - No.
    *   Sense 40: proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   Sense 41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   Sense 42: be stricken by an illness - No.

    *   Sense 5: "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect" (synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on).
    *   Context: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern".
    *   This matches exactly. "Take" here is used as a synonym for "assume" or "take on".

    *   Sense 22: "occupy or take on" (synonyms: assume, strike, take up; example: "He assumes the lotus position"). This is more about physical posture or occupying a space/position.
    *   Sense 5 is specifically about form, attribute, or aspect, which fits "pattern" much better.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "same"
    *   Target surface form: "same"
    *   Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

    *   Sense 1: "same in identity" (e.g., the same man).
    *   Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" (e.g., curtains the same color).
    *   Sense 3: "equal in amount or value" (e.g., like amounts).
    *   Sense 4: "unchanged in character or nature" (e.g., the village stayed the same).

    *   The sentence compares a "peculiar pattern" of ticket splitting at the state government level to the pattern at the federal level.
    *   It's not the *identical* pattern (identity - Sense 1), because state and federal levels are different entities.
    *   It's not about *amount or value* (Sense 3).
    *   It's not about something remaining *unchanged over time* (Sense 4).
    *   It is about the patterns being *closely similar or comparable in kind* (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2 fits best: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree". The "peculiar pattern" at the state level is similar to the "peculiar pattern" at the federal level.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `level`
    *   Target surface form: `level`
    *   Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `level%1:07:00::`: position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality (degree, grade).
        2.  `level%1:26:01::`: relative position or degree of value in a graded group (grade, tier).
        3.  `level%1:26:00::`: specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree, stage, point).
        4.  `level%1:07:01::`: height above ground.
        5.  `level%1:06:00::`: spirit level (tool).
        6.  `level%1:06:03::`: flat surface (horizontal).
        7.  `level%1:09:00::`: abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer, stratum).
        8.  `level%1:06:01::`: floor/storey.

    *   The sentence compares "state government level" and "federal level".
    *   This refers to different tiers or layers of government (state vs. federal).
    *   It's not about intensity (sense 1), height (sense 4), a tool (sense 5), a flat surface (sense 6), or a floor of a building (sense 8).
    *   It's about a position in a hierarchy or a system of organization.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (synonyms: grade, tier).
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (synonyms: degree, stage, point).
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (synonyms: layer, stratum).

    *   "State government level" and "federal level" describe tiers of government.
    *   Sense 2 (tier) fits well.
    *   Sense 7 (layer/stratum) is often used for abstract levels (e.g., "levels of meaning"), but "tier" (Sense 2) is more common for organizational or administrative hierarchies.
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Let's re-examine Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series".

    *   In political science, "levels of government" (federal, state, local) are typically viewed as tiers or layers.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 7:
        *   Sense 2: "relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (tier).
        *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (layer, stratum).
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage for "level of government", it often maps to a sense meaning "a position in a hierarchy".
    *   Let's look at the provided senses again.
    *   Sense 2: "relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (tier).
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (layer, stratum).
    *   Is "state government" a "graded group"? Yes, in the sense of a hierarchy of authority.
    *   Is it an "abstract place usually conceived as having depth"? Not really.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    *   "State government level" isn't really a "stage" or "point" in a process.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Example: "lumber of the highest grade". This seems more about quality.

    *   Let's look at Sense 7 again: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Example: "a good actor communicates on several levels".
    *   This often covers "levels of government" in some WordNet versions (as layers of administration).

    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".

    *   Actually, let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "grade, tier".
    *   "Tier" is a very strong synonym for "level of government".

    *   Let's check Sense 7 synonyms: "layer, stratum".
    *   "Layer" is also used, but "tier" is more precise for administrative levels.

    *   Wait, let me look at the senses again. Is there a better one?
    *   Sense 1: intensity/amount/quality.
    *   Sense 2: relative position/degree of value in a graded group (tier).
    *   Sense 3: position in a continuum/series/process (stage).
    *   Sense 7: abstract place with depth (layer).

    *   Comparing "state government level" to "federal level": these are tiers of government.
    *   Sense 2's synonym "tier" fits perfectly.

    *   Wait, let me search for "level of government WordNet".
    *   Often, "level" in "level of government" is mapped to the sense of "tier" or "layer".
    *   Looking at the options provided:
        *   Sense 2: relative position or degree of value in a graded group (tier).
        *   Sense 7: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer).

    *   If I have to choose between "tier" (Sense 2) and "layer" (Sense 7), "tier" usually implies a hierarchy of authority or status, which fits "state vs federal government" better than "layer" (which often implies physical or conceptual stacking).

    *   Let's double-check Sense 2's definition: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Is the government a "graded group"? Yes, it's graded by jurisdiction/authority.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 7's definition: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   "State government level" isn't really a "place conceived as having depth".

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 seems the most appropriate.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series".
    *   Is the government a "series"? Not really.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Example: "lumber of the highest grade".
    *   This example is about quality. But the synonym "tier" is very strong.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Example: "a good actor communicates on several levels".
    *   This is more about layers of meaning.

    *   Let's think about "level" in "state level".
    *   It means the administrative tier.
    *   Between 2 and 7, 2 (tier) is a better fit for administrative hierarchy than 7 (layer/stratum).

    *   Wait, let me search for "level" in WordNet again.
    *   `level%1:26:01` (Sense 2) - relative position or degree of value in a graded group.
    *   `level%1:09:00` (Sense 7) - an abstract place usually conceived as having depth.
    *   In many corpora, "level of government" is mapped to the "tier" sense.

    *   Let's double-check the options one more time.
    *   1: intensity/amount (e.g., "high level of care")
    *   2: relative position in a graded group (tier)
    *   3: position in a continuum/series (stage)
    *   4: height above ground
    *   5: spirit level
    *   6: flat surface
    *   7: abstract place/layer
    *   8: floor/storey

    *   "State government level" vs "Federal level".
    *   This is definitely a tier/grade in a hierarchy.
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Wait, let me think about Sense 7 again. "An abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Could "state level" be an "abstract place"?
    *   "At the state level" -> "In the state sphere".
    *   But "tier" (Sense 2) is more precise for the distinction between state and federal.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Is "state government" a "relative position"? Yes, relative to the federal government.
    *   Is it in a "graded group"? Yes, the group of government levels.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   This is often used for "levels of consciousness" or "levels of meaning".

    *   Conclusion: Sense 2 is the strongest candidate.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    *   Is the government a "series"? No.

    *   Let me look at Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   No.

    *   Final check: Sense 2 (tier) vs Sense 7 (layer).
    *   "Tier" is almost always used for administrative levels.
    *   "Layer" is used for physical things or abstract concepts like meaning.
    *   Sense 2 it is.

    *   Wait, let me search for "level" in a WordNet-based disambiguator for "government level".
    *   Some sources map "level of government" to `level%1:09:00` (Sense 7) because it's an "abstract place" (the state level).
    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   "At the state level" = "In the state layer/stratum".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   "The state level" = "The state tier".

    *   Which one is more common?
    *   "Tier" (Sense 2) describes the *position* itself.
    *   "Layer" (Sense 7) describes the *place* or *stratum*.
    *   The phrase is "at the state government level".
    *   "At the [position]" or "At the [layer]".
    *   Both work, but "tier" is more common for government.

    *   Let me look at the examples for Sense 7 again: "a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning".
    *   These are about depth/complexity.
    *   Now look at Sense 2: "lumber of the highest grade".
    *   This is about quality/rank.

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 3 again: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series".
    *   Could "state, federal" be a "series"?
    *   "At what stage are the social sciences?" (Example for Sense 3).
    *   No, that's not it.

    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2 vs Sense 7.
    *   If Sense 2 is "grade/tier" and Sense 7 is "layer/stratum".
    *   "State level" is a tier of government.
    *   "State level" is also a layer of government.
    *   However, "tier" (Sense 2) specifically refers to a "relative position... in a graded group".
    *   The government is a graded group (Federal > State > Local).
    *   The "state level" is a relative position in that group.

    *   Let's double-check Sense 7 again: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Does "state government level" have "depth"? No.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is more likely.

    *   Wait, I just found another source that suggests "level" in "government level" is often `level%1:09:00` (Sense 7) because it's an "abstract place".
    *   Let me re-read: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   Is "the state level" an abstract place? Yes.
    *   Is it "conceived as having depth"? Not really.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Is "the state level" a relative position? Yes.
    *   Is it in a graded group? Yes.

    *   Let's compare "tier" and "layer" again.
    *   "Tier" = a row or level of a structure, especially one that slopes backward.
    *   "Layer" = a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material covering a surface.
    *   In government, "tiers of government" is a very standard term.

    *   Let's look at the context again: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
    *   This is comparing two different levels (tiers) of government.

    *   Final decision: Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me search for "level" in WordNet one more time.
    *   `level%1:09:00` (Sense 7) - "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth"
    *   `level%1:26:01` (Sense 2) - "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
    *   Looking at some WordNet-based datasets (like SemCor), "level" in "government level" is sometimes tagged as `level%1:09:00`.
    *   Let me re-think. "At the state level" is like saying "In the state sphere".
    *   Is "the state level" a *position* (Sense 2) or a *place* (Sense 7)?
    *   "At the state level" (at the position) vs "At the state level" (in the layer).
    *   Actually, "at the [level]" often points to the position.

    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 7: "layer, stratum".
    *   "Stratum" is often used in sociology (social strata).
    *   "Tier" (Sense 2) is often used for administrative levels.

    *   Let's try to find the most common mapping.
    *   In many cases, "level" meaning "tier" is `level%1:26:01`.
    *   Let's go with Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3 one more time.
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
    *   Could "federal, state, local" be a "series"?
    *   It's more of a hierarchy than a series.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   This fits "tier" perfectly.

    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   This fits "layer" or "stratum".

    *   "State government level" = "State government tier".
    *   "State government level" = "State government layer".
    *   Both are possible, but "tier" is more common for government.

    *   Let me search for "level" in the context of "government" in a dictionary.
    *   Merriam-Webster: "level" (noun) - "a position in a hierarchy".
    *   This matches Sense 2 ("relative position... in a graded group") better than Sense 7 ("abstract place... having depth").

    *   Final check of Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Synonyms: grade, tier.
    *   This seems the most solid.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "federal"
    *   Target surface form: "federal"
    *   Context: "...ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the US House, Senate, Democratic and Republican parties, state government, and the federal government's tax burden. It compares "state government level" with "federal level".

    *   Sense 1: `national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units` (Example: FBI, federal courts).
    *   Sense 2: `of or relating to the central government of a federation` (Example: federal district).
    *   Sense 3: `being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War` (Synonym: Union).
    *   Sense 4: `characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities` (Example: a federal system).

    *   The sentence compares "state government level" and "federal level".
    *   In the US context, "federal level" refers to the national government as opposed to the state governments.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is more general ("central government of a federation").
    *   Sense 3 is about the Civil War (Union). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4 describes the *system* of government (federalism), not the level of government.

    *   Sense 1 is the most specific and accurate for the US context provided (House, Senate, state vs. federal).

    *   Sense 1: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units.
    *   Context: "...at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
    *   This is a direct contrast between state and national (federal) government.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `level`
    *   Target surface form: `level`
    *   Context: "...ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `level%1:07:00::`: position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality (degree, grade).
        2.  `level%1:26:01::`: relative position or degree of value in a graded group (grade, tier).
        3.  `level%1:26:00::`: specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree, stage, point).
        4.  `level%1:07:01::`: height above ground.
        5.  `level%1:06:00::`: spirit level (tool).
        6.  `level%1:06:03::`: flat surface (horizontal).
        7.  `level%1:09:00::`: abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer, stratum).
        8.  `level%1:06:01::`: floor/storey.

    *   The sentence compares "state government level" and "federal level".
    *   This refers to different tiers or layers of government (state vs. federal).
    *   It's not about height (4), a tool (5), a flat surface (6), or a floor of a building (8).
    *   It's not about intensity/amount (1) or a stage in a process (3).
    *   It's about a hierarchical or categorical division of government.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (synonyms: grade, tier).
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (synonyms: layer, stratum).

    *   "State government level" and "federal level" are tiers of government.
    *   Sense 2 (tier) fits well with the idea of hierarchical levels of administration.
    *   Sense 7 (layer/stratum) is often used for geological layers or abstract layers of meaning. While "layer of government" is a common phrase, "tier" (Sense 2) is more precise for administrative levels.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 7 again: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth". This doesn't quite fit "federal level".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series".
    *   Actually, looking at how "level" is used in "federal level" or "state level", it often refers to a specific tier in a hierarchy.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 (tier) and Sense 7 (layer/stratum).
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "level" in "government level" is often mapped to the sense of "tier" or "stratum".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth". Example: "a good actor communicates on several levels". This is more about complexity/depth.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group". Example: "lumber of the highest grade". This is about quality.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series". Example: "at what stage are the social sciences?".
    *   Wait, let's look at the options again. Is there a better one?
    *   Sense 1: intensity/amount.
    *   Sense 2: relative position/value in a graded group (tier).
    *   Sense 3: position in a continuum/series (stage).
    *   Sense 7: abstract place/layer.

    *   "Federal level" refers to the level of government. This is a tier in a hierarchy.
    *   Sense 2 synonyms: grade, tier.
    *   Sense 7 synonyms: layer, stratum.
    *   In the context of government, "tier" is a very common synonym.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (grade, tier).
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (layer, stratum).
    *   "Federal level" isn't really about "value" (Sense 2) or "depth" (Sense 7).
    *   However, "tier" (Sense 2) is often used for levels of government.
    *   Let's check if there's another sense.
    *   Wait, looking at WordNet's `level` senses again:
        *   `level%1:07:00` (degree)
        *   `level%1:26:00` (stage)
        *   `level%1:26:01` (tier)
        *   `level%1:09:00` (layer)
    *   "Federal level" is a tier of government.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (tier).
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" (layer).
    *   If we think of government as a hierarchy, "tier" (Sense 2) is the most appropriate.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series"
    *   "Federal level" is a specific position in the series of government (local, state, federal). This fits Sense 3 ("specific identifiable position in a continuum or series").
    *   Wait, Sense 2 says "graded group". Government levels are graded (local < state < federal).
    *   Let's compare "tier" (Sense 2) and "stage/point" (Sense 3).
    *   "Federal level" is more of a tier than a stage.

    *   Sense 2: relative position or degree of value in a graded group.
    *   Sense 7: abstract place usually conceived as having depth.
    *   Actually, "level of government" is often categorized as a "tier" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: intensity/amount (e.g., "high level of care")
    *   Sense 2: relative position/value in a graded group (e.g., "highest grade")
    *   Sense 3: position in a continuum/series (e.g., "at what stage")
    *   Sense 7: abstract place/layer (e.g., "communicates on several levels")
    *   "Federal level" is a tier in the hierarchy of government. "Tier" is a synonym for Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
    *   Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth"
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 7: "a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning". This is about depth of meaning.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 2: "lumber of the highest grade". This is about quality/grade.
    *   Wait, maybe Sense 3? "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series". "Federal level" is a position in the series of government levels.
    *   Let's think about "tier" again. "Tier" is listed as a synonym for Sense 2.
    *   Is "federal level" a "relative position or degree of value in a graded group"? Yes, the federal level is the highest tier in the US government hierarchy.

    *   Sense 2: relative position/value in a graded group (tier).
    *   Sense 3: position in a continuum or series (stage).
    *   Sense 7: abstract place/layer (stratum).
    *   "Federal level" is most commonly associated with "tier" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
    *   Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series"
    *   If I have to choose between "tier" (2) and "stage" (3), "tier" is much better for government.

    *   Sense 2: relative position or degree of value in a graded group.
    *   Sense 7: abstract place usually conceived as having depth.
    *   Wait, "layer" (Sense 7) is also used for government (layers of government). But "tier" (Sense 2) is more common for the administrative levels.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
    *   "Federal level" is not really a "place conceived as having depth". It's a tier in a hierarchy.

    *   Sense 2: relative position or degree of value in a graded group.
    *   Sense 3: specific identifiable position in a continuum or series.
    *   "Federal level" is a specific position in the series of government levels.
    *   Wait, let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "degree, stage, point".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "grade, tier".
    *   "Tier" is the perfect word for "federal level".

    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
    *   Is the government a "graded group"? Yes, it's a hierarchy.
    *   Is the federal level a "relative position" in that group? Yes.

    *   Sense 2: relative position/value in a graded group (tier).
    *   Sense 3: position in a continuum/series (stage).
    *   Sense 7: abstract place/layer (stratum).
    *   "Federal level" = "Federal tier".
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: line
Target surface form: lines
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature <t>lines</t> than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=line%1:14:03:: | definition=a formation of people or things one beside another | examples=the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed; they were arrayed in line of battle
2. sense_key=line%1:10:01:: | definition=a mark that is long relative to its width | examples=He drew a line on the chart
3. sense_key=line%1:14:01:: | definition=a formation of people or things one behind another | examples=the line stretched clear around the corner; you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter
4. sense_key=line%1:25:00:: | definition=a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
5. sense_key=line%1:10:02:: | definition=text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen | examples=the letter consisted of three short lines; there are six lines in every stanza
6. sense_key=line%1:19:00:: | definition=a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
7. sense_key=line%1:15:02:: | definition=a fortified position (especially one marking the most forward position of troops) | examples=they attacked the enemy's line
8. sense_key=line%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, argument, line of reasoning | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning
9. sense_key=line%1:06:01:: | definition=a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power | synonyms=cable, transmission line
10. sense_key=line%1:14:02:: | definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | synonyms=course | examples=the government took a firm course; historians can only point out those lines for which evidence is available
11. sense_key=line%1:15:00:: | definition=a spatial location defined by a real or imaginary unidimensional extent
12. sense_key=line%1:25:01:: | definition=a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface | synonyms=wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam | examples=his face has many lines; ironing gets rid of most wrinkles
13. sense_key=line%1:06:06:: | definition=a pipe used to transport liquids or gases | synonyms=pipeline | examples=a pipeline runs from the wells to the seaport
14. sense_key=line%1:06:03:: | definition=the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed | synonyms=railway line, rail line
15. sense_key=line%1:06:07:: | definition=a telephone connection | synonyms=telephone line, phone line, telephone circuit, subscriber line
16. sense_key=line%1:04:01:: | definition=acting in conformity | examples=in line with; he got out of line
17. sense_key=line%1:14:00:: | definition=the descendants of one individual | synonyms=lineage, line of descent, descent, bloodline, blood, pedigree | examples=his entire lineage has been warriors
18. sense_key=line%1:06:00:: | definition=something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible | examples=a washing line
19. sense_key=line%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, job, line of work | examples=he's not in my line of business
20. sense_key=line%1:15:01:: | definition=in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area
21. sense_key=line%1:10:05:: | definition=(often plural) a means of communication or access | synonyms=channel, communication channel | examples=it must go through official channels; lines of communication were set up between the two firms
22. sense_key=line%1:06:08:: | definition=a particular kind of product or merchandise | synonyms=product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business | examples=a nice line of shoes
23. sense_key=line%1:06:05:: | definition=a commercial organization serving as a common carrier
24. sense_key=line%1:23:00:: | definition=space for one line of print (one column wide and 1/14 inch deep) used to measure advertising | synonyms=agate line
25. sense_key=line%1:21:00:: | definition=the maximum credit that a customer is allowed | synonyms=credit line, line of credit, bank line, personal credit line, personal line of credit
26. sense_key=line%1:10:03:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
27. sense_key=line%1:10:06:: | definition=persuasive but insincere talk that is usually intended to deceive or impress | examples=`let me show you my etchings' is a rather worn line; he has a smooth line but I didn't fall for it
28. sense_key=line%1:10:04:: | definition=a short personal letter | synonyms=note, short letter, billet | examples=drop me a line when you get there
29. sense_key=line%1:09:00:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
30. sense_key=line%1:06:09:: | definition=mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it | synonyms=production line, assembly line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 29}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 29}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `line`
    *   Target surface form: `lines`
    *   Context: "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature <t>lines</t> than the reverse."

    *   The sentence discusses how state governments are "split along... lines".
    *   The "lines" here refer to the division between a Republican governor and a Democratic legislature.
    *   This is a conceptual division or distinction between two political entities/parties.

    *   1: formation of people/things side by side (No)
    *   2: mark long relative to width (No)
    *   3: formation of people/things one behind another (No)
    *   4: length without breadth (No)
    *   5: text row (No)
    *   6: frequency of radiation (No)
    *   7: fortified position (No)
    *   8: course of reasoning (No)
    *   9: conductor for signals (No)
    *   10: connected series of events (No)
    *   11: spatial location (No)
    *   12: slight depression/wrinkle (No)
    *   13: pipe for liquids/gases (No)
    *   14: railroad track (No)
    *   15: telephone connection (No)
    *   16: acting in conformity (No)
    *   17: descendants (No)
    *   18: cord or rope (No)
    *   19: principal activity/job (No)
    *   20: mark in games/sports (No)
    *   21: means of communication (No)
    *   22: kind of product (No)
    *   23: commercial organization (No)
    *   24: space for print (No)
    *   25: maximum credit (No)
    *   26: succession of notes (No)
    *   27: insincere talk (No)
    *   28: short personal letter (No)
    *   29: a conceptual separation or distinction (synonyms: dividing line, demarcation, contrast) (Yes)
    *   30: mechanical system/assembly line (No)

    *   The phrase "split along... lines" strongly indicates a conceptual separation or a dividing line between two groups or ideologies.
    *   Sense 29: "a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity".
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 29 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reverse
Target surface form: reverse
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the <t>reverse</t>. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reverse%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=contrary, opposite | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
2. sense_key=reverse%1:06:00:: | definition=the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed | synonyms=reverse gear
3. sense_key=reverse%1:11:01:: | definition=an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating | synonyms=reversal, setback, blow, black eye
4. sense_key=reverse%1:06:02:: | definition=the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design | synonyms=verso
5. sense_key=reverse%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction
6. sense_key=reverse%1:04:01:: | definition=turning in the opposite direction | synonyms=reversion, reversal, turnabout, turnaround

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `reverse`
    *   Target surface form: `reverse`
    *   Context: "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the <t>reverse</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence compares two scenarios: (A) Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature and (B) the opposite (Democratic-governor / Republican-legislature).

    *   Sense 1: `a relation of direct opposition` (synonyms: contrary, opposite; example: "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true").
    *   Sense 2: `the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed` (reverse gear).
    *   Sense 3: `an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes` (setback, blow).
    *   Sense 4: `the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design` (verso).
    *   Sense 5: `(American football) a running play...`
    *   Sense 6: `turning in the opposite direction` (reversion, reversal, turnabout).

    *   The context "Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse" clearly refers to the opposite arrangement (Democratic-governor / Republican-legislature).
    *   This matches Sense 1: "a relation of direct opposition" (synonyms: contrary, opposite). The example "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true" is structurally very similar to the target sentence.

    *   Sense 6 refers to the *act* of turning or the *process* of reversal (reversion, turnaround), whereas Sense 1 refers to the *opposite state or relation*. In this context, "the reverse" is a noun referring to the opposite configuration.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: investigation
Target surface form: investigation
Context:
An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse. A cross-state econometric <t>investigation</t>, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate. In sum, at both the federal and state government levels at least part of the seemingly irrational behavior voters display in the voting booth may have an exceedingly rational explanation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=investigation%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities | synonyms=probe | examples=there was a congressional probe into the scandal
2. sense_key=investigation%1:04:00:: | definition=the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically | synonyms=investigating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `investigation`
    *   Target surface form: `investigation`
    *   Context: "A cross-state econometric <t>investigation</t>, furthermore, reveals that..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `investigation%1:09:00::`: an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities (synonym: probe; example: congressional probe into the scandal).
        2.  `investigation%1:04:00::`: the work of inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically (synonym: investigating).

    *   The sentence is: "A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that..."
    *   The context is an academic/analytical discussion about voting patterns, tax rates, and political science (econometrics).
    *   The "investigation" here refers to a systematic study or analysis using econometric methods to find a correlation/function.

    *   Sense 1: Focuses on "unfamiliar or questionable activities" (like a criminal probe or a scandal). This does not fit the context of an econometric study.
    *   Sense 2: Focuses on "inquiring into something thoroughly and systematically." This fits perfectly with an "econometric investigation," which is a systematic research study.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.