[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: outline
Target surface form: outlines
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the <t>outlines</t> for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=outline%1:15:00:: | definition=the line that appears to bound an object | synonyms=lineation
2. sense_key=outline%1:10:00:: | definition=a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory | synonyms=synopsis, abstract, precis
3. sense_key=outline%1:09:00:: | definition=a schematic or preliminary plan | synonyms=schema, scheme

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `outline`
    *   Target surface form: `outlines`
    *   Context: "It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `outline%1:15:00::` (the line that appears to bound an object)
        2.  `outline%1:10:00::` (a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory)
        3.  `outline%1:09:00::` (a schematic or preliminary plan)

    *   The text discusses a negotiation for a climate deal.
    *   A "six-page document" was created to focus on the "big picture."
    *   This document "shows the outlines for a possible deal."
    *   The "outlines" here refer to the basic structure, framework, or preliminary plan of the agreement (emissions cuts by 2020 and 2050).

    *   Sense 1: Physical boundary/line. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Sketchy summary of an argument or theory. (Close, but a "deal" is more of a plan/agreement than an argument/theory).
    *   Sense 3: A schematic or preliminary plan. (Fits perfectly. A "possible deal" is a plan/agreement being negotiated).

    *   Sense 2 (synopsis, abstract) is usually for a text or a speech.
    *   Sense 3 (schema, scheme) is for a plan or a proposal.
    *   A "deal" in international negotiations is a plan/agreement. Therefore, "outlines for a possible deal" refers to the preliminary plan.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions..."
    *   Surrounding context: "negotiation that is running out of time", "U.N. ad-hoc working group", "text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones", "range of options for the key questions", "industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions".

    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02::` - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00::` - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: `deal%1:23:00::` - a large number or amount or extent (batch, flock, good deal).
    *   Sense 4: `deal%1:27:00::` - a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: `deal%1:27:01::` - wood that is easy to saw.
    *   Sense 6: `deal%1:14:00::` - the cards held in a card game.
    *   Sense 7: `deal%1:11:00::` - the type of treatment received.
    *   Sense 8: `deal%1:04:00::` - the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: `deal%1:04:01::` - the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context describes a negotiation between world leaders/nations regarding climate change and carbon emissions.
    *   The "deal" refers to the outcome of these negotiations—an agreement where nations commit to specific emission cuts.
    *   Sense 2 ("an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 ("buying or selling") is too narrow (this is a political/environmental agreement, not a commercial trade).
    *   Sense 3 ("large amount") doesn't fit the grammar ("a possible deal").
    *   Senses 4-9 are completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels... Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Key phrases: "cut their carbon output", "cut their emissions", "global warming", "industrial nations".

    *   Sense 1: `emission%1:04:00::` - the act of emitting; causing to flow forth (the process).
    *   Sense 2: `emission%1:27:00::` - a substance that is emitted or released (the thing emitted).
    *   Sense 3: `emission%1:22:00::` - the release of electrons from parent atoms (physics).
    *   Sense 4: `emission%1:22:01::` - bodily processes by which substances go out of the body (biological).
    *   Sense 5: `emission%1:11:00::` - the occurrence of a flow of water (plumbing/hydrology).

    *   The context refers to "carbon output" and "global warming".
    *   "Cut their emissions" refers to reducing the amount of greenhouse gases (substances) released into the atmosphere.
    *   Sense 1 is the *act* of emitting.
    *   Sense 2 is the *substance* that is emitted.
    *   In environmental contexts, "carbon emissions" usually refers to the gases themselves (the substances) being released, although it can sometimes refer to the process. However, "cut their emissions by 25 to 45 percent" typically refers to the quantity of the substance released.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting"
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released"
    *   Comparing "cut their emissions" (the amount of gas) vs "cut the act of emitting". Usually, we measure the amount of the substance.

    *   Sense 2 (substance) is the standard meaning for "carbon emissions" or "greenhouse gas emissions" in the context of climate change.

    *   Sense 1: Act of emitting.
    *   Sense 2: Substance emitted.
    *   Context: "cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent". This refers to the volume/mass of the substances.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `level`
    *   Target surface form: `levels`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>..."
    *   Meaning: The amount of emissions in the year 1990.

    *   Sense 1: `a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality` (Synonyms: degree, grade). Example: "a high level of care is required".
    *   Sense 2: `a relative position or degree of value in a graded group` (Synonyms: grade, tier). Example: "lumber of the highest grade".
    *   Sense 3: `a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process` (Synonyms: degree, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
    *   Sense 4: `height above ground`. Example: "the water reached ankle level".
    *   Sense 5: `indicator that establishes the horizontal` (spirit level).
    *   Sense 6: `a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line`.
    *   Sense 7: `an abstract place usually conceived as having depth` (layer, stratum).
    *   Sense 8: `a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale` (floor, storey).

    *   The context refers to "1990 levels" of emissions.
    *   "Emissions levels" refers to the *amount* or *quantity* of emissions.
    *   Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". This fits perfectly. "Amount" is explicitly mentioned.
    *   Sense 2: "relative position or degree of value in a graded group". This is more about ranking (e.g., high-grade lumber).
    *   Sense 3: "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". This is more about a stage or point in time/process.
    *   Sense 4, 5, 6, 7, 8: Clearly incorrect (physical height, tools, floors, etc.).

    *   Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
    *   Example: "a high level of care is required".
    *   Application: "1990 levels [of emissions]" = the amount of emissions in 1990.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit because it specifically mentions "amount".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: period
Target surface form: period
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=period%1:28:00:: | definition=an amount of time | synonyms=time period, period of time | examples=a time period of 30 years; hastened the period of time of his recovery
2. sense_key=period%1:28:02:: | definition=the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
3. sense_key=period%1:28:07:: | definition=(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
4. sense_key=period%1:28:03:: | definition=a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed | synonyms=geological period | examples=ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods
5. sense_key=period%1:28:04:: | definition=the end or completion of something | examples=death put a period to his endeavors; a change soon put a period to my tranquility
6. sense_key=period%1:22:00:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, flow | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped
7. sense_key=period%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations | synonyms=point, full stop, stop, full point | examples=in England they call a period a stop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `period`
    *   Target surface form: `period`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent."

    *   The sentence discusses emissions cuts by 2020 compared to 1990 levels.
    *   "during the same period" refers to the time interval between 1990 and 2020.

    *   Sense 1: `an amount of time` (synonyms: time period, period of time).
    *   Sense 2: `the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon` (e.g., physics/oscillations).
    *   Sense 3: `(ice hockey) one of three divisions...`
    *   Sense 4: `a unit of geological time...`
    *   Sense 5: `the end or completion of something` (e.g., "put a period to").
    *   Sense 6: `the monthly discharge of blood...` (menstruation).
    *   Sense 7: `a punctuation mark (.)`.

    *   The context refers to a span of time (1990 to 2020).
    *   Sense 1 ("an amount of time") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is for cycles (not applicable).
    *   Sense 3 is for hockey (not applicable).
    *   Sense 4 is for geological eras (not applicable).
    *   Sense 5 is for an end (not applicable).
    *   Sense 6 is for menstruation (not applicable).
    *   Sense 7 is for punctuation (not applicable).

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses a U.N. working group, rich countries, poor ones, developed and major emerging economies, industrial nations, and major developing countries. It's about international agreements, governments, and policy decisions regarding carbon emissions.

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00::` - a politically organized body of people under a single government (Synonyms: state, nation, commonwealth).
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:00::` - the territory occupied by a nation (Synonyms: state, land).
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:01::` - the people who live in a nation or country (Synonyms: nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01::` - an area outside of cities and towns (Synonyms: rural area).
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:02::` - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (Synonyms: area).

    *   The sentence "Together, the countries would cut emissions..." refers to the entities (industrial nations and major developing countries) that are negotiating and agreeing to cut emissions.
    *   Cutting emissions is a policy action taken by a government/state.
    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/government) fits best because the "countries" are acting as political entities (states/nations) entering into an agreement.
    *   Sense 2 (territory) is less likely because the territory itself doesn't "cut emissions"; the government/political body does.
    *   Sense 3 (the people) is possible, but in the context of U.N. negotiations and international treaties, "country" almost always refers to the state/government.
    *   Sense 4 (rural area) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 5 (geographical region) is irrelevant.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (Synonyms: state, nation). This aligns perfectly with "industrial nations" and "major developing countries" mentioned earlier in the text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020... Together, the countries would cut <t>emissions</t> between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."
    *   Topic: Climate change, carbon output, global warming, industrial nations cutting output.

    *   Sense 1: `the act of emitting; causing to flow forth` (The process/action)
    *   Sense 2: `a substance that is emitted or released` (The thing being emitted, e.g., CO2, pollutants)
    *   Sense 3: `the release of electrons from parent atoms` (Physics/Chemistry)
    *   Sense 4: `any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body` (Biology)
    *   Sense 5: `the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)` (Plumbing/Hydraulics)

    *   The text mentions "carbon output" and "cut their emissions".
    *   In the context of climate change and carbon output, "emissions" refers to the greenhouse gases (substances) being released into the atmosphere.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the *act* of emitting.
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *substance* emitted.
    *   Usually, when we talk about "cutting emissions" in environmental policy, we are talking about reducing the amount of the substance (CO2, methane, etc.) released.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting"
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released"
    *   Example: "Carbon emissions" refers to the carbon dioxide (substance) released.
    *   Comparing "cut their carbon output" (earlier in the text) with "cut their emissions". "Output" here refers to the amount of substance produced/released.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the most accurate fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `year`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a <t>year</t> over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (standard calendar year).
        2.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year used for some particular activity (e.g., school year).
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun (astronomical year).
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class).

    *   The phrase is "$3.6 billion a year over the next three years".
    *   This refers to an annual amount of money provided every 365/366 days.
    *   It is not referring to a school year (sense 2), an astronomical revolution (sense 3), or a graduating class (sense 4).
    *   It refers to the standard unit of time (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three <t>years</t> to help poorer countries adapt..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
        2.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year (e.g., school year).
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun.
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together.

    *   The phrase is "over the next three years".
    *   This refers to a duration of time consisting of three calendar years (365/366 days each).
    *   It is not referring to a specific part of a year (like a school year), an astronomical revolution, or a graduating class.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year" - This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution" - This is the astronomical definition, not the common calendar usage here.
    *   Sense 4: "a body of students who graduate together" - This does not fit.

    *   The best fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `countries`
    *   Context: "...pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer <t>countries</t> adapt to the impact of climate change..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `country%1:14:00::`: a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
        2.  `country%1:15:00::`: the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
        3.  `country%1:14:01::`: the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
        4.  `country%1:15:01::`: an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
        5.  `country%1:15:02::`: a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary.

    *   The sentence discusses financial aid ($3.6 billion) provided by the European Union to "poorer countries" to help them "adapt to the impact of climate change."
    *   In this context, "countries" refers to sovereign states or political entities that receive international aid and implement policies to adapt to climate change.

    *   Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (state, nation). This fits well because international aid is given to governments/states.
    *   Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" (state, land). While aid helps the land, it's usually directed at the political entity.
    *   Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country". Aid helps people, but "poorer countries" usually refers to the states themselves.
    *   Sense 4: "an area outside of cities and towns" (rural area). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 (politically organized body/state) vs. Sense 2 (territory).
    *   In the context of international relations, diplomacy, and financial aid (EU pledging money to poorer countries), "country" almost always refers to the political entity (the state/nation) rather than just the physical land.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "African nations".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "he visited several European countries".
    *   The context "poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change" implies the political/administrative capacity to adapt, which aligns best with Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: `country%1:14:00::` (politically organized body)
    *   Sense 2: `country%1:15:00::` (territory)
    *   Sense 3: `country%1:14:01::` (people)
    *   Sense 4: `country%1:15:01::` (rural area)
    *   Sense 5: `country%1:15:02::` (geographical region)

    The most precise fit for "poorer countries" receiving aid from the EU is the political entity (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impact
Target surface form: impact
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impact%1:11:00:: | definition=the striking of one body against another
2. sense_key=impact%1:19:00:: | definition=a forceful consequence; a strong effect | synonyms=wallop | examples=the book had an important impact on my thinking; the book packs a wallop
3. sense_key=impact%1:04:00:: | definition=influencing strongly | synonyms=impingement, encroachment | examples=they resented the impingement of American values on European culture
4. sense_key=impact%1:04:01:: | definition=the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat | synonyms=shock | examples=the armies met in the shock of battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `impact`
    *   Target surface form: `impact`
    *   Context: "...to help poorer countries adapt to the <t>impact</t> of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `impact%1:11:00::`: the striking of one body against another (physical collision).
        2.  `impact%1:19:00::`: a forceful consequence; a strong effect (e.g., "the book had an important impact on my thinking").
        3.  `impact%1:04:00::`: influencing strongly; impingement, encroachment (e.g., "impingement of American values").
        4.  `impact%1:04:01::`: the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat (shock of battle).

    *   The phrase is "the impact of climate change".
    *   The context mentions "coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation".
    *   This refers to the *effects* or *consequences* of climate change on poorer countries.

    *   Sense 1 (physical collision) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (forceful consequence; strong effect) fits perfectly. Climate change has a strong effect/consequence on the environment and people.
    *   Sense 3 (influencing strongly/impingement) usually refers to an intrusion or encroachment. While related, "impact" in the sense of "effect" is the standard usage here.
    *   Sense 4 (combat) is incorrect.

    *   Sense 2: "a forceful consequence; a strong effect". This matches "the impact of climate change".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flood
Target surface form: flood
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flood%1:19:00:: | definition=the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land | synonyms=inundation, deluge, alluvion | examples=plains fertilized by annual inundations
2. sense_key=flood%1:23:00:: | definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=inundation, deluge, torrent | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse
3. sense_key=flood%1:06:00:: | definition=light that is a source of artificial illumination having a broad beam; used in photography | synonyms=floodlight, flood lamp, photoflood
4. sense_key=flood%1:04:01:: | definition=a large flow | synonyms=overflow, outpouring
5. sense_key=flood%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of flooding; filling to overflowing | synonyms=flowage
6. sense_key=flood%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of incoming water (between a low tide and the following high tide);  -Shakespeare | synonyms=flood tide, rising tide | examples=a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `flood`
    *   Target surface form: `flood`
    *   Context: "...help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with <t>flood</t> and drought to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `flood%1:19:00::`: the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land (inundation, deluge).
        2.  `flood%1:23:00::`: an overwhelming number or amount (e.g., a flood of requests).
        3.  `flood%1:06:00::`: light that is a source of artificial illumination (floodlight).
        4.  `flood%1:04:01::`: a large flow (overflow, outpouring).
        5.  `flood%1:04:00::`: the act of flooding; filling to overflowing.
        6.  `flood%1:11:00::`: the occurrence of incoming water (between low and high tide).

    *   The context mentions "impact of climate change," "coping with flood and drought," and "avoiding deforestation."
    *   "Flood" is paired with "drought," which is a weather/environmental disaster characterized by a lack of water.
    *   Therefore, "flood" here refers to the environmental disaster characterized by too much water (overflowing of water onto dry land).

    *   Sense 1: "the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land" - This fits perfectly with the context of climate change impacts and the pairing with "drought."
    *   Sense 2: "an overwhelming number or amount" - This is metaphorical (e.g., flood of emails). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "light that is a source of artificial illumination" - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "a large flow" - Too generic.
    *   Sense 5: "the act of flooding" - This is the process, whereas the context refers to the event/phenomenon.
    *   Sense 6: "the occurrence of incoming water (between a low tide and the following high tide)" - This is specifically about tides, not climate change disasters.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drought
Target surface form: drought
Context:
And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drought%1:26:00:: | definition=a shortage of rainfall | synonyms=drouth | examples=farmers most affected by the drought hope that there may yet be sufficient rain early in the growing season
2. sense_key=drought%1:28:00:: | definition=a prolonged shortage | synonyms=drouth | examples=when England defeated Pakistan it ended a ten-year drought

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `drought`
    *   Target surface form: `drought`
    *   Context: "...help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and <t>drought</t> to avoiding deforestation."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `drought%1:26:00::`: a shortage of rainfall (synonym: drouth; example: farmers most affected by the drought...)
        2.  `drought%1:28:00::`: a prolonged shortage (synonym: drouth; example: when England defeated Pakistan it ended a ten-year drought)

    *   The sentence discusses "the impact of climate change," specifically mentioning "flood and drought" and "deforestation."
    *   "Flood" is a weather/environmental event involving too much water.
    *   "Drought" in this context is paired with "flood," strongly implying the environmental phenomenon of lack of rain.

    *   Sense 1: "a shortage of rainfall" (Environmental/Meteorological)
    *   Sense 2: "a prolonged shortage" (Metaphorical/General, e.g., a scoring drought in sports)

    *   The context is climate change and environmental disasters. Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sort
Target surface form: sort
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sort%1:09:00:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, form, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
2. sense_key=sort%1:07:00:: | definition=an approximate definition or example | examples=she wore a sort of magenta dress; she served a creamy sort of dessert thing
3. sense_key=sort%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a particular character or nature | examples=what sort of person is he?; he's a good sort
4. sense_key=sort%1:22:00:: | definition=an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion | synonyms=sorting | examples=the bottleneck in mail delivery is the process of sorting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `sort`
    *   Target surface form: `sort`
    *   Context: "Still, Friday featured the same <t>sort</t> of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week."

    *   Sense 1: `a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality` (synonyms: kind, form, variety).
    *   Sense 2: `an approximate definition or example` (e.g., "a sort of magenta dress").
    *   Sense 3: `a person of a particular character or nature` (e.g., "what sort of person is he?").
    *   Sense 4: `an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion` (synonyms: sorting).

    *   The phrase is "the same sort of verbal fireworks".
    *   "Verbal fireworks" refers to a type of behavior or event (heated arguments, dramatic language).
    *   "The same sort of" here means "the same kind of" or "the same category of".
    *   It is not referring to a person (Sense 3).
    *   It is not referring to an approximate definition (Sense 2) in the way "sort of magenta" does (it's not "kind of fireworks", it's "the same category of fireworks").
    *   It is not referring to the process of sorting (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" (synonyms: kind, form, variety).
    *   "The same kind of verbal fireworks" fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `week`
    *   Target surface form: `week`
    *   Context: "...Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past <t>week</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The sentence says "the talks for the past week".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (seven days) leading up to the current point (Friday).
    *   It does not specifically refer to a "workweek" (sense 2).
    *   It does not specifically refer to a "calendar week" starting on Sunday (sense 3).
    *   It refers to a general period of seven days (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" - Doesn't fit; the talks aren't described as a "workweek" in the sense of a 40-hour schedule.
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" - Too specific. There's no indication that the period started on a Sunday.

    *   The phrase "for the past week" almost always refers to the general duration of seven days (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "U.S. special <t>climate</t> envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `climate%1:26:00::`: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time (clime).
        2.  `climate%1:26:01::`: the prevailing psychological state (mood).

    *   The sentence mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions", "industrialized countries", and "emerging economies".
    *   The broader context discusses "climate change", "emissions", "flood and drought", and "deforestation".
    *   The word "climate" here refers to the environmental/meteorological system of the Earth, specifically in the context of global warming and climate change.

    *   Sense 1: "the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time". This fits the environmental context.
    *   Sense 2: "the prevailing psychological state". This does not fit.

    *   The target word "climate" in "climate envoy" refers to the environmental climate (Sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: envoy
Target surface form: envoy
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=envoy%1:18:00:: | definition=a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador | synonyms=envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary
2. sense_key=envoy%1:18:01:: | definition=someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else | synonyms=emissary
3. sense_key=envoy%1:10:00:: | definition=a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry | synonyms=envoi

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `envoy`
    *   Target surface form: `envoy`
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate <t>envoy</t> Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `envoy%1:18:00::`: a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador.
        2.  `envoy%1:18:01::`: someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else (synonym: emissary).
        3.  `envoy%1:10:00::`: a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry (synonym: envoi).

    *   The context refers to "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern".
    *   Todd Stern is representing the United States in climate negotiations.
    *   This is clearly a person sent on a mission to represent interests (Sense 2) or a specific diplomatic rank (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a diplomat having less authority than an ambassador". This refers to a specific diplomatic rank (Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary).
    *   Sense 2: "someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else". This is a broader term for an emissary or representative.
    *   In modern usage, "Special Envoy" is a title given to a person appointed to represent a government on a specific issue (like climate change), regardless of their formal diplomatic rank in the traditional hierarchy of ambassadors/ministers. It fits the definition of an emissary or someone sent on a mission.

    *   Sense 3 (poetry) is completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 1 is very specific to diplomatic rank.
    *   Sense 2 is the general meaning of a representative/emissary.
    *   "Special climate envoy" fits Sense 2 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Diplomatic rank.
    *   Sense 2: Representative/Emissary.
    *   Todd Stern is a representative for the US on climate change. While he is a diplomat, the term "special envoy" in this context is used as a role/mission rather than a specific rank below ambassador.

    *   Sense 2 is the most appropriate general sense for "envoy" in the context of a "special envoy" for a specific cause.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cut`
    *   Target surface form: `cuts`
    *   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding <t>cuts</t> of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "cuts" refers to the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions.

    *   1: share of profits (No)
    *   2: film transition (No)
    *   3: trench/furrow (No)
    *   4: step on a scale (No)
    *   5: wound (No)
    *   6: piece of meat (No)
    *   7: wounding remark (No)
    *   8: music track (No)
    *   9: editorial omission (No)
    *   10: garment style (No)
    *   11: canal (No)
    *   12: snub (No)
    *   13: baseball swing (No)
    *   14: sports stroke (No)
    *   15: card division (No)
    *   16: act of penetrating (No)
    *   17: act of cutting into parts (No)
    *   18: act of shortening (No)
    *   19: act of reducing the amount or number (Example: "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget") (Yes)
    *   20: unexcused absence (No)

    *   The context is about reducing emissions ("cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent").
    *   Sense 19 specifically defines "cut" as "the act of reducing the amount or number" and gives a budget cut example, which is analogous to an emissions cut.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `emission`
    *   Target surface form: `emissions`
    *   Context: "...binding cuts of greenhouse-gas <t>emissions</t> for industrialized countries..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `emission%1:04:00::`: the act of emitting; causing to flow forth.
        2.  `emission%1:27:00::`: a substance that is emitted or released.
        3.  `emission%1:22:00::`: the release of electrons from parent atoms.
        4.  `emission%1:22:01::`: any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body.
        5.  `emission%1:11:00::`: the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe).

    *   The context refers to "greenhouse-gas emissions".
    *   "Greenhouse-gas emissions" refers to the actual gases (substances) being released into the atmosphere (e.g., CO2, methane).
    *   The text discusses "cutting emissions," which means reducing the amount of these substances released.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of emitting" (the process).
    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" (the thing).
    *   Sense 3: "release of electrons" (physics).
    *   Sense 4: "bodily processes" (biology).
    *   Sense 5: "flow of water" (plumbing/hydrology).

    *   While "cutting emissions" can sometimes be interpreted as reducing the *act* of emitting, in the context of "greenhouse-gas emissions," it almost always refers to the *substances* (the gases) themselves.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (the act) and Sense 2 (the substance): "Greenhouse-gas emissions" refers to the gases released. Sense 2 ("a substance that is emitted or released") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" (synonym: discharge). This is the standard meaning for pollution/gas emissions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "one"
    *   Target surface form: "ones"
    *   Context: "...U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary <t>ones</t> by major emerging economies..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `one%1:23:00::`: the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number.
        2.  `one%1:09:00::`: a single person or thing.

    *   The sentence compares "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" with "voluntary ones".
    *   In this context, "ones" refers back to "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions".
    *   "Ones" is used as a pronoun to avoid repeating the noun phrase "cuts".

    *   Sense 1 refers to the number 1. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2 refers to "a single person or thing" (used as a pronoun to refer to a previously mentioned noun). (Correct)

    *   The word "ones" is the plural of "one" used as a pronoun referring to "cuts".
    *   Sense 2 fits this usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: move
Target surface form: move
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=move%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deciding to do something | examples=he didn't make a move to help; his first move was to hire a lawyer
2. sense_key=move%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of changing your residence or place of business | synonyms=relocation | examples=they say that three moves equal one fire
3. sense_key=move%1:04:03:: | definition=a change of position that does not entail a change of location | synonyms=motion, movement, motility | examples=the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise; movement is a sign of life
4. sense_key=move%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of changing location from one place to another | synonyms=motion, movement | examples=police controlled the motion of the crowd; the movement of people from the farms to the cities
5. sense_key=move%1:04:02:: | definition=(game) a player's turn to take some action permitted by the rules of the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `move`
    *   Target surface form: `move`
    *   Context: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts... The <t>move</t> signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `move%1:04:00`: the act of deciding to do something (e.g., "make a move to help").
        2.  `move%1:04:01`: the act of changing residence/business (relocation).
        3.  `move%1:04:03`: a change of position without change of location (motion).
        4.  `move%1:04:04`: the act of changing location (motion/movement).
        5.  `move%1:04:02`: (game) a player's turn.

    *   The sentence says: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language... The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line..."
    *   The "move" refers to the act of rejecting the language.
    *   This is a strategic action or a decision to act in a certain way.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of deciding to do something" (e.g., "his first move was to hire a lawyer"). This fits well. Rejecting the language is a strategic action/decision.
    *   Sense 2: Relocation. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Physical motion (eyebrows). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Physical motion (crowd). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Game turn. (Incorrect - while diplomacy is sometimes compared to a game, this is a general action/decision in a political context).

    *   Sense 1 describes a decision to act or a specific action taken to achieve a goal. In the context of diplomacy, rejecting a proposal is a "move" in the sense of a strategic action.

    *   Sense 1: `move%1:04:00` -> "the act of deciding to do something".
    *   Example: "his first move was to hire a lawyer".
    *   Context: "Todd Stern rejected language... The move signaled..."
    *   This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A text discussing climate change negotiations, emissions cuts, industrial nations, developing countries, the European Union, the U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern, and the Obama administration's stance towards "China".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The sentence is: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with <t>China</t> than Bush administration officials did just two years ago."
    *   The context involves international climate negotiations, emissions cuts, and relations between the U.S. (Obama administration) and a "major developing country" or "major emerging economy".
    *   China (the People's Republic of China) is the primary global player in this context (climate change, emissions, major developing country).

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain. Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: Taiwan (Republic of China). While Taiwan is a political entity, in the context of global climate change negotiations and "major developing countries" stepping up emissions cuts, the reference is almost certainly to the People's Republic of China.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. Does not fit.

    *   The context refers to the nation-state involved in global climate talks. Sense 1 is the most accurate description of the People's Republic of China.