[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "however"
    *   Context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   Analysis: The sentence "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" contrasts the "obsession" (passion) with the fact that it doesn't extend beyond the tower (it stays there). The following sentence reinforces this contrast: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

    *   Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" (Synonyms: nevertheless, still, yet).
    *   Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand".
    *   Sense 3: "to whatever degree or extent".
    *   Sense 4: "in whatever way or manner".

    *   Sense 3 and 4 are adverbial modifiers of degree or manner (e.g., "however general", "however he did it"). They don't fit here.
    *   Sense 1 (nevertheless) and Sense 2 (by contrast) are both conjunctive adverbs.
    *   Let's look closer:
        *   Sentence A: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession."
        *   Sentence B: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
    *   Is it a concession (Sense 1) or a contrast (Sense 2)?
    *   Sense 1 (nevertheless) usually follows a statement that might suggest a different outcome. (e.g., "I was tired; however, I kept working.")
    *   Sense 2 (by contrast) highlights a difference between two things or situations. (e.g., "The first part was easy; the second, however, took hours.")
    *   In the context: "Ringing is an obsession [implies it might take over one's life]. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however [contrasts the intensity of the obsession with its limited scope]."
    *   This feels more like a contrast between the *nature* of the obsession (intense) and its *location/scope* (limited to the tower).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1: "Despite the fact that it's an obsession, it stays in the tower."
        *   Sense 2: "It's an obsession; on the other hand, it stays in the tower."
    *   Actually, in many linguistic frameworks, "however" as a contrast marker is often grouped. Let's look at the WordNet examples provided.
    *   Sense 1 example: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" (concession).
    *   Sense 2 example: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" (contrast).
    *   The context "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" mirrors the structure of Sense 2 (contrasting the obsession with its confinement).

    *   Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary" (concession).
    *   Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand".
    *   The text says ringing is an obsession, but then clarifies that this obsession is confined. This is a contrast between the perceived scale of an "obsession" and the actual scale of this specific passion.

    *   Sense 1: "I don't like the rain; however, I love the smell of it." (Concession/Contrast)
    *   Sense 2: "The red car is fast; the blue one, however, is reliable." (Contrast)
    *   The target sentence: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
    *   This is contrasting the "obsession" (which usually implies something all-consuming) with the fact that it "stays in the tower" (limited). This fits Sense 2 ("by contrast; on the other hand") better than a concession ("despite anything to the contrary").

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand".
    *   If I say "It's an obsession; however, it stays in the tower," I am contrasting the general idea of an obsession with the specific nature of this one.
    *   Let's check if "nevertheless" (Sense 1) fits: "Ringing is an obsession; nevertheless, it stays in the tower." (Works).
    *   Let's check if "on the other hand" (Sense 2) fits: "Ringing is an obsession; on the other hand, it stays in the tower." (Works).
    *   Looking at the WordNet examples again:
        *   Sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" (Concession: Fear vs. Desire to try).
        *   Sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" (Contrast: Part 1 vs. Part 2).
    *   The context "Ringing is an obsession... It stays in the tower, however" is contrasting the *intensity* of the passion with its *limited scope*. This is more like the "Part 1 vs Part 2" contrast than the "Fear vs Desire" concession.

    *   Sense 1: Concession (Despite X, Y).
    *   Sense 2: Contrast (X is this way; Y, however, is that way).
    *   Context: Ringing is an obsession (X). It stays in the tower (Y).
    *   This is a contrast between the nature of the obsession and its scope.

    *   Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary"
    *   Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand"
    *   The sentence "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" is contrasting the "obsession" mentioned in the previous sentence.
    *   If the author meant "despite being an obsession, it stays in the tower," that's Sense 1.
    *   If the author meant "it's an obsession, but on the other hand, it's limited to the tower," that's Sense 2.
    *   Usually, "however" at the end of a sentence like this is used for contrast (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" (This is a slightly weird example, but it's a concession).
    *   Sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" (Clear contrast).
    *   The target sentence: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
    *   This is contrasting the *idea* of an obsession with the *reality* of its confinement. This aligns better with Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "More"
    *   Context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., "more interesting").
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., "he works more now").

    *   The phrase is "More often than not".
    *   "Often" is an adverb of frequency.
    *   "More often" is the comparative form of "often".
    *   Sense 1 describes "more" used to form the comparative of adjectives and adverbs.
    *   Sense 2 describes "more" as the comparative of "much" (used as an adverb or pronoun).

    *   In "more often", "more" is modifying the adverb "often" to create its comparative form.
    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". While "more often" does mean "to a greater extent often", the grammatical function here is specifically forming the comparative of the adverb "often".

    *   "More often than not" is a common idiom meaning "usually".
    *   Grammatically, "more" is the comparative marker for "often".
    *   Sense 1 explicitly mentions forming the comparative of adverbs.

    *   Sense 1: `more%4:02:00::` (comparative of adjectives/adverbs)
    *   Sense 2: `more%4:02:01::` (comparative of much)
    *   "Often" is an adverb. "More often" is its comparative. Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct linguistic function.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "often"
    *   Target surface form: "often"
    *   Context: "More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `often%4:02:00::`: many times at short intervals (frequently, oftentimes). Example: "we often met over a cup of coffee".
        2.  `often%4:02:01::`: frequently or in great quantities (much, a great deal). Example: "I don't drink much".
        3.  `often%4:02:02::`: in many cases or instances.

    *   The phrase is "More often than not".
    *   "More often than not" is an idiomatic expression meaning "usually" or "in most cases".
    *   It describes the frequency of a situation/state (ringers thinking of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry) rather than a repeated action occurring at short intervals.

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (frequency of action).
    *   Sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" (amount/degree).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" (probability/prevalence).

    *   "More often than not" fits perfectly with "in many cases or instances". It's not about how many times a specific ringer thinks this per hour (Sense 1), nor is it about the quantity of thinking (Sense 2). It's about the general tendency across the group of ringers.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses people who ring church bells, mentioning "skilled ringers", "church bells", "ringing", "belfry", and "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context explicitly mentions "church bells", "ringing", "belfry", and "master of the band".
    *   Sense 1 describes "a person who rings church bells". This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (lookalike), Sense 3 (fraudulent contestant), and Sense 4 (horseshoes) are completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `think_of`
    *   Target surface form: `think of`
    *   Context: "More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

    *   Sense 1: keep in mind for attention or consideration (remember).
    *   Sense 2: take into consideration, have in view (entertain, toy with).
    *   Sense 3: look on as or consider (repute, regard as, look upon).
    *   Sense 4: intend to refer to (have in mind, mean).
    *   Sense 5: devise or invent (think up, dream up).
    *   Sense 6: choose in one's mind.

    *   The sentence is: "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   Structure: "think of [object] as [description/category]".
    *   This structure ("think of X as Y") is a classic indicator of "regard as" or "consider to be".

    *   Sense 3: "look on as or consider" | synonyms: "repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be" | example: "He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician".
    *   This matches the context perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 (remember): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2 (consider/entertain): Doesn't fit the "as" construction.
    *   Sense 4 (refer to): Doesn't fit the "as" construction.
    *   Sense 5 (invent): Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6 (choose): Doesn't fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `church`
    *   Context: "...More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

    *   Sense 1: `church%1:14:00::` - A group of Christians (denomination).
    *   Sense 2: `church%1:06:00::` - A place for public worship (building).
    *   Sense 3: `church%1:04:00::` - A service conducted in a house of worship.
    *   Sense 4: `church%1:14:01::` - The body of people who attend a local church (congregation).

    *   The text says ringers think of the "church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   A belfry is a part of a building (the tower where bells are kept).
    *   Something "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" refers to the physical structure of the building.
    *   The contrast "leaving worship for others below" further emphasizes the physical location (the building below the tower).

    *   Sense 1 (denomination) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (building) - Yes.
    *   Sense 3 (service) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (congregation) - No.

    *   The context clearly refers to the physical building.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "bottom"
    *   Context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are in the belfry (the tower where bells are kept). They view the church building itself as being located *below* the belfry.

    *   Sense 1: "the lower side of anything" (underside, undersurface).
    *   Sense 2: "the lowest part of anything" (example: bottom of the hill).
    *   Sense 3: "the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on" (buttocks).
    *   Sense 4: "the second half of an inning" (baseball).
    *   Sense 5: "a depression forming the ground under a body of water" (bed).
    *   Sense 6: "low-lying alluvial land near a river" (bottomland).
    *   Sense 7: "a cargo ship" (freighter).

    *   The context describes a spatial relationship: the church is "stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
    *   This refers to the lowest part or the base of the structure (the belfry/tower).
    *   Sense 1 (underside/undersurface) usually refers to the surface facing down (like the bottom of a table).
    *   Sense 2 (the lowest part of anything) fits best, as the church is the part of the overall structure located at the lowest point relative to the belfry.

    *   Sense 2: "the lowest part of anything" (e.g., bottom of the hill).
    *   The church is the lowest part of the belfry/tower complex in the ringers' perspective.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `complete`
    *   Target surface form: `completed`
    *   Context: "When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   Meaning of "changes" in this context: In bell ringing (change ringing), "changes" refer to the sequences of bells rung.
    *   Meaning of "completed" here: The ringers have finished ringing the sequence of changes.

    *   Sense 1: `come or bring to a finish or an end` (synonym: finish). Example: "He finished the dishes."
    *   Sense 2: `bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements`. Example: "A child would complete the family."
    *   Sense 3: `complete or carry out` (synonyms: dispatch, discharge). Example: "discharge one's duties."
    *   Sense 4: `complete a pass` (sports context).
    *   Sense 5: `write all the required information onto a form` (fill out).

    *   The ringers are performing a task (ringing changes).
    *   When the task is "completed," it means they have finished it.
    *   Sense 1 ("come or bring to a finish or an end") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3 ("complete or carry out") is similar, but usually refers to duties or obligations (discharge one's duties).
    *   Sense 2 is about wholeness/completeness of a set.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 are clearly incorrect.

    *   "When their changes are completed" $\approx$ "When their changes are finished."
    *   Sense 1: "come or bring to a finish or an end". This is the most direct fit.

    *   Sense 1: finish/end.
    *   Sense 3: carry out/discharge.
    *   In the context of a sequence of bells (changes), "completing" them means finishing the sequence. Sense 1 is the standard meaning for finishing a task or a sequence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `work_up`
    *   Target surface form: `worked up`
    *   Context: "...after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   Meaning: To produce or develop a sweat through physical effort.

    *   Sense 1: `form or accumulate steadily` (e.g., resistance built up, pressure building up).
    *   Sense 2: `develop` (e.g., "we worked up an appetite").
    *   Sense 3: `bolster or strengthen` (e.g., worked up courage, build up confidence).
    *   Sense 4: `come up with` (e.g., worked out an idea, worked up an ad).

    *   "Worked up a sweat" is very similar to "worked up an appetite". Both involve developing a physical state as a result of activity.
    *   Sense 1 (accumulate steadily) is more about pressure or resistance.
    *   Sense 3 (bolster/strengthen) is about mental states like courage.
    *   Sense 4 (come up with) is about creation/planning.
    *   Sense 2 (develop) specifically lists "worked up an appetite" as an example. "Working up a sweat" fits this pattern perfectly.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "sweat"
    *   Target surface form: "sweat"
    *   Context: "...When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `sweat%1:08:00::`: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands (perspiration).
        2.  `sweat%1:26:01::`: agitation resulting from active worry (fret, stew).
        3.  `sweat%1:19:00::`: condensation of moisture on a cold surface.
        4.  `sweat%1:04:00::`: use of physical or mental energy; hard work (effort, exertion).

    *   The phrase is "worked up a sweat".
    *   The context describes bell ringing as a passion involving "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and mentions that ringers "worked up a sweat" before going to the pub.
    *   "Working up a sweat" typically refers to the physical exertion that leads to perspiration.

    *   Sense 1: Salty fluid (perspiration).
    *   Sense 4: Use of physical or mental energy (hard work/exertion).

    *   While "working up a sweat" implies hard work (Sense 4), the literal result of "working up a sweat" is the production of perspiration (Sense 1).
    *   In the phrase "work up a sweat", "sweat" usually refers to the perspiration itself (the result of the exertion).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: perspiration, sudor.
        *   Sense 4: effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail.
    *   If you "work up a sweat", you have produced perspiration. You don't "work up an effort" (though you put in effort). You "work up" a state or a substance.
    *   Comparing "worked up a sweat" (Sense 1) vs "worked up a sweat" (Sense 4):
        *   Sense 1: "worked up [perspiration]" -> Very common idiom.
        *   Sense 4: "worked up [exertion]" -> Less common phrasing.

    *   Sense 1: "salty fluid secreted by sweat glands"
    *   Sense 4: "use of physical or mental energy; hard work"
    *   The phrase "work up a sweat" is an idiom where "sweat" refers to the physical manifestation of the effort.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "work up a sweat" is more aligned with the *act* of exertion or the *result* (the fluid).
    *   Usually, "to work up a sweat" means to exercise hard enough to start sweating. The "sweat" being referred to is the perspiration.

    *   Sense 1: perspiration.
    *   Sense 4: effort/exertion.
    *   If the sentence was "It took a lot of sweat to ring those bells," it might be Sense 4 (metaphorical for hard work).
    *   But "worked up a sweat" almost always refers to the physical perspiration resulting from the activity.

    *   Sense 1: salty fluid secreted by sweat glands.
    *   Sense 4: use of physical or mental energy; hard work.
    *   "Worked up a sweat" -> The result is the fluid.

    *   Sense 1: sweat poured off his brow.
    *   Sense 4: he got an A for effort.
    *   "Worked up a sweat" fits the physical manifestation (Sense 1) better than the abstract concept of effort (Sense 4).

    *   Sense 1: perspiration.
    *   Sense 2: worry.
    *   Sense 3: condensation.
    *   Sense 4: hard work.
    *   The context is physical activity (ringing bells). "Worked up a sweat" = perspired.

    *   Is "sweat" in "work up a sweat" used as a synonym for "effort"?
    *   "I worked up a sweat" = "I perspired."
    *   "It was a lot of sweat and tears" = "It was a lot of hard work."
    *   In "worked up a sweat", it's the physical fluid.

    *   Sense 1 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses church bells, ringing as a passion, "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot", "England's best female ringers", "stay in the tower", "bottom of the belfry", and "ringers often skip off to the local pub".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context is explicitly about church bells, belfries, and the act of ringing them.
    *   The word "ringers" refers to the people performing this activity.
    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly: "a person who rings church bells".

    *   Sense 1: Church bell ringer. (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Look-alike. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Fraudulent contestant. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Horseshoe throw. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "often"
    *   Target surface form: "often"
    *   Context: "...ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `often%4:02:00::`: many times at short intervals (frequently, oftentimes). Example: "we often met over a cup of coffee".
        2.  `often%4:02:01::`: frequently or in great quantities (much, a great deal). Example: "I don't drink much".
        3.  `often%4:02:02::`: in many cases or instances.

    *   The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   This describes a habitual action or a common occurrence among a group of people (ringers).
    *   Does it mean "many times at short intervals" (Sense 1)? Yes, it means they frequently do this.
    *   Does it mean "frequently or in great quantities" (Sense 2)? No, this sense is usually used in negative constructions or to mean "much" (e.g., "I don't travel much").
    *   Does it mean "in many cases or instances" (Sense 3)? Yes, it means in many instances of ringers finishing their changes, they go to the pub.

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (frequently). This usually refers to the frequency of an event for a specific subject.
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances". This is more about the general tendency or probability across a group or set of situations.

    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub"
    *   This is describing a general habit of the group "ringers".
    *   Comparing "frequently" (Sense 1) vs "in many cases" (Sense 3).
    *   If I say "I often go to the gym," it's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "People often forget their keys," it's Sense 3 (in many cases, people forget their keys).
    *   In the context "ringers often skip off...", it's describing a general behavior of the group. This leans towards Sense 3 ("in many cases or instances").

    *   Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee" (specific people, repeated action).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   The sentence "ringers often skip off to the local pub" is a generalization about a class of people.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "many times at short intervals".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "in many cases or instances".
    *   "Ringers often skip off..." could be interpreted as "Ringers frequently skip off..." (Sense 1) or "In many cases, ringers skip off..." (Sense 3).
    *   Usually, when describing a general habit of a group, "often" functions as "frequently" (Sense 1). However, "in many cases" (Sense 3) is also very close.
    *   Let's re-read the context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
    *   The phrase "More often than not" (which means "usually" or "in most cases") precedes this, setting a pattern of describing general tendencies.
    *   Sense 1 is about frequency of repetition.
    *   Sense 3 is about the prevalence of the occurrence.
    *   "Ringers often skip off" means that in many instances of ringing finishing, they go to the pub.

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (frequently).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   If the sentence was "John often skips off to the pub," it would be Sense 1.
    *   Since it's "ringers" (a general group), it's more like "In many cases, ringers skip off..." (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: frequently.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" = "Ringers frequently skip off to the local pub" = "In many cases, ringers skip off to the local pub."
    *   Looking at WordNet's typical usage:
        *   `often` (adv)
        *   1: frequently (many times)
        *   2: in many cases (often)
    *   Actually, Sense 1 is the most common meaning of "often" as an adverb of frequency. Sense 3 is more like "frequently" in the sense of "it is often the case that...".
    *   Let's re-evaluate: "ringers often skip off". This is a simple frequency adverb. "They frequently skip off." This fits Sense 1 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (frequently).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   Is "ringers often skip off" describing the frequency of the action for the ringers (Sense 1) or the frequency of the occurrence across the group (Sense 3)?
    *   Usually, "often" meaning "frequently" is Sense 1.
    *   Let's check the example for Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee". This is a repeated action.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" is also a repeated action (every time they finish ringing).

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   If I say "It often rains in Seattle," is that Sense 1 or Sense 3? It's Sense 1 (frequently).
    *   If I say "People often mistake me for my brother," is that Sense 1 or Sense 3? It's Sense 3 (in many cases).
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" is more like "People often mistake me..." than "It often rains...". It's describing a general tendency of a group.

    *   Wait, "many times at short intervals" (Sense 1) is a very specific definition of "frequently".
    *   "In many cases or instances" (Sense 3) is a broader definition of "often".
    *   Let's look at the sentence again: "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub".
    *   This means that in many instances of changes being completed, the ringers go to the pub. This matches Sense 3 ("in many cases or instances") very well.

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (frequently).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   If the ringers do it every time they finish, it's "frequently". If they do it in many of the instances they finish, it's "in many cases".
    *   Actually, "often" in "ringers often skip off" is most naturally replaced by "frequently".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 3: (none provided).
    *   "Ringers frequently skip off to the local pub." (Perfect fit).
    *   "In many cases, ringers skip off to the local pub." (Also fits).

    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals"
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances"
    *   The phrase "More often than not" in the previous sentence is a huge clue. "More often than not" means "usually" or "in most cases". This establishes a pattern of discussing the probability/frequency of behaviors within the group.
    *   "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off..."
    *   This is saying that in many instances of this event (changes being completed), this action (skipping to the pub) occurs. This is a textbook definition of "in many cases or instances".

    *   Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee" (specific people, repeated action).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   The target sentence "ringers often skip off" is a general statement about a group, not a specific set of people's repeated habit. This makes Sense 3 a stronger candidate than Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" = "In many cases, ringers skip off to the local pub."
    *   This feels more accurate for a general group description.

    *   Wait, let me search for "often" in WordNet.
    *   often (adv)
    *   1. frequently (many times)
    *   2. in many cases (often)
    *   Looking at other examples: "It is often said that..." (Sense 3). "He often goes there" (Sense 1).
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" is closer to "He often goes there" (Sense 1) than "It is often said that..." (Sense 3).
    *   Wait, "He often goes there" is a specific person. "Ringers often skip off" is a general group.
    *   Let's re-evaluate: "Ringers often skip off" = "Ringers frequently skip off".
    *   Is "frequently" Sense 1 or Sense 3?
    *   Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" (synonym: frequently).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   If I say "Ringers frequently skip off," I am saying they do it many times. This is Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub"
    *   If we replace "often" with "frequently", it's Sense 1.
    *   If we replace "often" with "in many cases", it's Sense 3.
    *   "When their changes are completed... ringers frequently skip off to the local pub." (Sounds natural).
    *   "When their changes are completed... in many cases, ringers skip off to the local pub." (Also sounds natural).
    *   However, "often" as a simple adverb of frequency ("they often do X") is almost always Sense 1. Sense 3 is usually for "it is often the case that..." or "often" modifying a whole clause.

    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub"
    *   Subject: Ringers
    *   Adverb: often
    *   Verb: skip off
    *   This is a standard subject-adverb-verb construction for frequency. This is the primary use of "often" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1 again: "we often met over a cup of coffee".
    *   This is exactly the same structure: Subject (we) + often + verb (met).
    *   The only difference is "we" (specific) vs "ringers" (general group). But the grammatical structure and the meaning of frequency are the same.

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub."
    *   This means they do it frequently.
    *   Sense 1 is "many times at short intervals" (frequently).
    *   Sense 3 is "in many cases or instances".
    *   The most direct synonym for "often" in this sentence is "frequently".
    *   Sense 1's synonym is "frequently".

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   Wait, "many times at short intervals" is a very specific kind of frequency. Does "often skip off to the pub" mean "at short intervals"?
    *   Well, they do it every time they finish ringing. If they ring frequently, they go to the pub frequently.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "in many cases or instances".
    *   "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub."
    *   This means: In many instances of changes being completed, ringers skip off to the local pub.
    *   This is a very precise fit for Sense 3.

    *   Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee" (habitual action of a specific group).
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" (general tendency).
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" is a general tendency of the group "ringers".
    *   Let's try to find more examples of Sense 3. "Often, the best way to learn is by doing." (In many cases, the best way...).
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" could be rewritten as "Often, ringers skip off to the local pub."
    *   This makes Sense 3 very plausible.

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   If the sentence is "Ringers often skip off to the local pub," is it saying they do it *frequently* (Sense 1) or that it *frequently happens* (Sense 3)?
    *   In English, these are often interchangeable. But "in many cases or instances" (Sense 3) is a better fit for a general statement about a group's behavior.

    *   "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." (This is definitely Sense 3 - "in most cases").
    *   "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub..." (This follows the same logic).

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   The context is describing the general habits and attitudes of ringers.
    *   "More often than not" (usually/in most cases)
    *   "ringers often skip off" (in many cases/frequently)
    *   Sense 3 ("in many cases or instances") fits this pattern of describing general tendencies better than Sense 1 ("many times at short intervals").

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 again. "many times at short intervals".
    *   If I say "I often go to the gym," I don't necessarily mean "at short intervals" (like every hour), but rather "frequently" (like three times a week).
    *   So "many times at short intervals" is just a slightly clunky way of saying "frequently".
    *   If Sense 1 = frequently and Sense 3 = in many cases, which one is better?
    *   "Ringers frequently skip off to the local pub."
    *   "In many cases, ringers skip off to the local pub."
    *   Both are good. But Sense 3 is often used for generalizations about groups.

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee".
    *   This is a habitual action.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub" is also a habitual action.
    *   The only difference is "we" vs "ringers".
    *   Is "ringers" here a specific group (the ones mentioned in the story) or ringers in general?
    *   The text says "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with...'" and "ringers think of the church as...". It's talking about ringers in general.
    *   For general groups, "often" usually means "in many cases".

    *   Sense 1: many times at short intervals.
    *   Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
    *   Let's try one more time.
    *   "Ringers often skip off to the local pub."
    *   Does this mean:
        a) Ringers (as a group) frequently do this. (Sense 1)
        b) In many instances of ringing, they do this. (Sense 3)
    *   These are almost identical. Let's look at the WordNet sense keys.
    *   often%4:02:00 (frequently)
    *   often%4:02:02 (in many cases)
    *   In many linguistic datasets, "often" as a frequency adverb is Sense 1, and "often" as a sentence adverb (or meaning "it is often the case that") is Sense 3.
    *   In "ringers often skip off", "often" is a frequency adverb modifying the verb "skip off". This points to Sense 1.

    *   Wait, let me re-read: "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub".
    *   This is a conditional frequency: *When* X happens, Y *often* happens.
    *   "When X happens, Y often happens" is a classic structure for "in many cases".
    *   Example: "When it rains, the roof often leaks." (In many cases where it rains, the roof leaks).
    *   This is different from "I often go to the gym."
    *   So, "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off" is more like "When it rains, the roof often leaks" than "I often go to the gym."
    *   This strongly points to Sense 3 ("in many cases or instances").

    *   Context: "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub"
    *   Structure: When [Condition], [Subject] often [Verb].
    *   Meaning: In many instances where [Condition] is met, [Subject] [Verb].
    *   Sense 3: "in many cases or instances".
    *   This is a perfect match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "skip"
    *   Context: "...ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are leaving the church tower and going to the pub, likely in a lighthearted, quick, or cheerful manner.

    *   Sense 1: bypass (e.g., skip a row in text) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: intentionally fail to attend (e.g., cut class) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: jump lightly (synonyms: hop, hop-skip) - This describes a way of moving (lightly, cheerfully).
    *   Sense 4: leave suddenly (synonyms: decamp, vamoose) - This describes leaving, but usually in a more secretive or urgent way (e.g., "skip town").
    *   Sense 5: bound off one point after another - This is more about the physical action of bouncing.
    *   Sense 6: cause to skip over a surface (e.g., skip a stone) - Not applicable.

    *   The phrase "skip off to" usually implies a lighthearted, quick, or cheerful departure.
    *   Sense 3 ("jump lightly") captures the physical motion often associated with "skipping off."
    *   Sense 4 ("leave suddenly") is more about escaping or decamping.
    *   Looking at the context "skip off to the local pub," it suggests a cheerful, light movement rather than a sudden escape.

    *   "Skip off" is a common phrasal usage meaning to leave in a light, happy way.
    *   Sense 3 (jump lightly) is the closest fit for the physical action of skipping.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 4. "Leave suddenly" (decamp, vamoose). "Skip off" can mean leave, but "skip town" is very different from "skip off to the pub."
    *   Sense 3 is "jump lightly." When someone "skips off," they are often metaphorically or literally jumping lightly.

    *   Sense 1: Bypass (No)
    *   Sense 2: Fail to attend (No)
    *   Sense 3: Jump lightly (Yes, fits the "skip off" motion)
    *   Sense 4: Leave suddenly/decamp (No, too strong/negative)
    *   Sense 5: Bound off one point (No)
    *   Sense 6: Skim surface (No)

    *   "Skip off" is a lighthearted way of leaving. Sense 3 describes the physical action of skipping.

    *   Sense 3: jump lightly.
    *   Sense 4: leave suddenly.
    *   "Skip off to the pub" is more about the manner of leaving (cheerfully/lightly) than the suddenness of the departure.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `local`
    *   Target surface form: `local`
    *   Context: "...ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `local%3:00:01::`: relating to administration of a city/town/district (e.g., local taxes).
        2.  `local%3:01:01::`: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (e.g., local customs, local schools).
        3.  `local%3:00:02::`: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body (e.g., local anesthesia).

    *   The phrase is "the local pub".
    *   In this context, "local" describes a pub that is nearby or in the immediate neighborhood of the church/belfry.
    *   Sense 1 (administration) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (medical/body) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood) fits perfectly. A "local pub" is a pub in the neighborhood.

    *   Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood". This matches the usage of "local pub".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 9}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `leave`
    *   Target surface form: `leaving`
    *   Context: "...ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are going to the pub and, in doing so, they are letting the act of worship be done by others (or they are not participating in it, leaving it to others).

    *   1: go away from a place (e.g., train leave) - *Not quite, they are leaving worship, not a physical place called "worship".*
    *   2: go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness (e.g., left a mess) - *Possible, but "worship" isn't a physical object left behind.*
    *   3: act or be so as to become in a specified state (e.g., left them penniless) - *No.*
    *   4: leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking (e.g., leave it as is) - *Close, but not quite.*
    *   5: move out of or depart from (e.g., leave the room) - *Similar to 1, "worship" is an activity, not a room.*
    *   6: make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain (e.g., leaves no room for improvement) - *No.*
    *   7: have as a result or residue (e.g., water left a mark) - *No.*
    *   8: remove oneself from an association with or participation in (e.g., leave home, she wants to leave) - *This fits well. They are removing themselves from the participation in worship.*
    *   9: put into the care or protection of someone (e.g., left the decision to his deputy) - *This also fits well. They are leaving the task/activity of worship to others.*
    *   10: leave or give by will after one's death - *No.*
    *   11: have left or have as a remainder - *No.*
    *   12: be survived by after one's death - *No.*
    *   13: transmit (knowledge or skills) - *No.*
    *   14: leave behind unintentionally - *No.*

    *   Sense 8: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in"
    *   Sense 9: "put into the care or protection of someone" (synonym: entrust)

    Context: "...ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

    Does "leaving worship for others" mean:
    A) They are removing themselves from participation in worship (Sense 8)?
    B) They are entrusting the act of worship to others (Sense 9)?

    Looking at Sense 9's example: "He left the decision to his deputy." This is about delegating a task or responsibility.
    Looking at Sense 8's example: "The teenager left home." This is about departing from a situation or association.

    In the sentence, "leaving worship for others below" implies that while the ringers go to the pub, the worship continues, and they are not the ones doing it—they are leaving that activity to the people remaining in the church. This sounds more like delegating or assigning the "role" of worshiper to others, or simply not participating.

    Wait, let's re-examine Sense 4: "leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking". No.

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "put into the care or protection of someone". "Leaving worship for others" means they are letting others handle the worship.

    Let's look at Sense 8 again: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in". They are removing themselves from the participation in worship.

    Comparing "leaving worship for others" to "leaving the decision to his deputy" (Sense 9). The structure is very similar: "leaving [something] for/to [someone]".

    If I say "I'll leave the cleaning to you," I am using Sense 9 (entrusting/delegating).
    If I say "I'm leaving the party," I am using Sense 8 (removing myself).

    In "leaving worship for others below," the "for others" part strongly suggests the delegation/assignment meaning of Sense 9. They aren't just leaving worship (Sense 8); they are leaving it *for others*.

    Sense 9: "put into the care or protection of someone" / "entrust".
    Example: "He left the decision to his deputy."
    Context: "...leaving worship for others below."

    This fits the pattern of leaving a task or responsibility to someone else.

    Sense 8: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in".
    Example: "The teenager left home."
    If the sentence was "leaving worship," Sense 8 would be strong. But "leaving worship for others" points toward Sense 9.

    Wait, let me double-check if there's any other sense.
    Sense 2: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness".
    Example: "She left a mess when she moved out."
    Could "worship" be something they "left behind"? It's possible, but "for others" makes it more active than just leaving something behind.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 9: "put into the care or protection of someone". Is "worship" something put into the care of others? In a way, yes—the responsibility of maintaining the worship service.

    Let's look at the phrase "leave [something] for [someone]".
    "I left some cake for you." (Sense 2 or 4?)
    "I'll leave the driving to you." (Sense 9)

    "Leaving worship for others below" is very similar to "I'll leave the driving to you."

    Sense 9: put into the care or protection of someone; entrust.
    Synonym: entrust.
    Example: "He left the decision to his deputy."

    This seems the most accurate for "leaving worship for others".

    Wait, let me check Sense 4 again: "leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking".
    Example: "leave it as is".
    No.

    Let me check Sense 2 again: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness".
    Example: "She left a mess when she moved out."
    If they "left worship behind", it would be Sense 2. But "leaving worship for others" is slightly different.

    Let's compare Sense 9 and Sense 2 one more time.
    Sense 9: "leave the decision to his deputy"
    Sense 2: "left a mess when she moved out"

    "Leaving worship for others" is much closer to "leaving the decision to his deputy".

    Sense 9: put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care.

    Is "worship" a "decision" or a "child"? It's an activity/responsibility. Entrusting the activity of worship to others. This fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `worship`
    *   Target surface form: `worship`
    *   Context: "...ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `worship%1:04:00::` (the activity of worshipping)
        2.  `worship%1:12:01::` (a feeling of profound love and admiration / adoration)

    *   The sentence describes bell ringers who finish their task in the belfry and go to the pub, leaving "worship" for the people "below" (in the church).
    *   In this context, "worship" refers to the religious service or the act of participating in the church service happening downstairs.
    *   It refers to the *activity* or *practice* of religious devotion, not a feeling of love/admiration.

    *   Sense 1: "the activity of worshipping" - This fits perfectly. The ringers are leaving the religious activity/service to others.
    *   Sense 2: "a feeling of profound love and admiration" - This does not fit. They aren't leaving a "feeling" for others; they are leaving the actual service/activity.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: below
Target surface form: below
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "below"
    *   Target surface form: "below"
    *   Context: "...ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>."
    *   Meaning: The ringers are in the belfry (the tower), and the people worshipping are in the church building underneath the belfry.

    *   Sense 1: "in or to a place that is lower" (synonyms: at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath).
    *   Sense 2: "at a later place" (example: see below).
    *   Sense 3: "(in writing) see below" (synonyms: infra).
    *   Sense 4: "on a floor below" (synonyms: downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor).
    *   Sense 5: "further down" (synonyms: under).

    *   The ringers are in the belfry (top of the tower).
    *   The worshippers are in the church (the main body of the building, which is physically lower than the belfry).
    *   Sense 4 ("on a floor below", "downstairs") is very specific to floors.
    *   Sense 1 ("in or to a place that is lower") is a more general spatial description.
    *   Is the church "on a floor below" the belfry? Yes, effectively.
    *   Is the church "in a place that is lower" than the belfry? Yes.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor".
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: "at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath".
    *   In the context of a church tower/belfry, the people in the nave are physically below the ringers. "Downstairs" (Sense 4) is often used for buildings, but "below" in this context refers to the spatial relationship between the tower and the main church area.
    *   Wait, Sense 4 specifically mentions "on a floor below". The church nave is indeed on a lower level/floor than the belfry.
    *   However, Sense 1 is the most general spatial sense ("in or to a place that is lower").
    *   Let's re-read: "leaving worship for others below".
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 4:
        *   Sense 1: "in or to a place that is lower"
        *   Sense 4: "on a floor below"
    *   Usually, when referring to people in a building on a lower level, "downstairs" (Sense 4) is a very strong fit. But "below" here describes the people in the church relative to the people in the tower.
    *   Let's check if "below" in "others below" typically maps to Sense 1 or Sense 4 in WSD datasets.
    *   Sense 1 is "at a lower place". Sense 4 is "on a floor below".
    *   The belfry is the top part of the tower. The church is the building below it.
    *   If I say "the people below", and I'm in a tower, I mean the people on the ground or in the lower parts of the building.
    *   Sense 4's synonyms "downstairs" and "on a lower floor" fit perfectly for a building context.
    *   Sense 1's synonyms "at a lower place" and "beneath" are also correct but more general.
    *   Looking at the distinction: Sense 4 is specifically about floors in a building. Sense 1 is general spatiality.
    *   Since the context is a church (a building) and the ringers are in the belfry (the top floor/level), "below" refers to the lower floors/ground level.

    *   Sense 1: General lower place.
    *   Sense 4: Specifically a lower floor in a building.
    *   The context is a building (church/belfry).
    *   "leaving worship for others below" -> the people worshipping are on the lower floors/ground floor.
    *   Sense 4 seems more precise for a building context.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 1 again. "in or to a place that is lower".
    *   If the ringers are in the tower and the worshippers are in the church, they are indeed in a place that is lower.
    *   Is "below" here acting as an adverb of place? Yes.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "the tenants live downstairs".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: (none provided, but synonyms are "at a lower place").
    *   In many WordNet-based tasks, "below" meaning "downstairs" is mapped to the "lower floor" sense.
    *   Let's re-evaluate. Is the church "a floor below" the belfry? The belfry is the top room. The church is the rest of the building. It's not necessarily just *one* floor below, but it is *on* lower floors.
    *   Actually, Sense 1 is the most encompassing. Let's see if there's a reason to prefer 4 over 1.
    *   Sense 4: "on a floor below".
    *   Sense 1: "in or to a place that is lower".
    *   If the ringers are in the tower, the people in the nave are "below" them. This is a spatial relationship.
    *   Let's consider the phrase "others below". This is a very common way to say "people on a lower level of the building".
    *   If I'm on the second floor and I say "the people below", I mean the people on the first floor. That's Sense 4.
    *   If I'm on a mountain and I say "the people below", I mean the people in the valley. That's Sense 1.
    *   A belfry is like the top floor of a tower. The church is the lower part. This feels more like the "downstairs" (Sense 4) usage than the "valley" (Sense 1) usage.

    *   Sense 1: in or to a place that is lower.
    *   Sense 4: on a floor below.
    *   The belfry is the top of the tower. The church is the building below.
    *   Is the church "a floor below"? Not necessarily just one floor, but it's the lower level(s).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4 again: "downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor".
    *   "leaving worship for others downstairs" makes perfect sense here.
    *   "leaving worship for others at a lower place" also makes sense, but is less idiomatic for a building.

    *   Sense 1: general spatial.
    *   Sense 4: building-specific spatial.
    *   Context: Church/Belfry (Building).
    *   Conclusion: Sense 4 is the most specific and fitting.

    *   Wait, let me search for this specific sentence or similar examples.
    *   "leaving worship for others below"
    *   If the ringers are in the tower, the worshippers are in the nave.
    *   Is the nave "a floor below" the belfry? Yes.
    *   Is it "a place that is lower"? Yes.
    *   Usually, in these fine-grained tasks, the most specific sense that fits is the correct one. Sense 4 is more specific than Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: in or to a place that is lower.
    *   Sense 4: on a floor below.
    *   If the ringers are in the belfry, they are at the top. The worshippers are in the church.
    *   Is the church "a floor below"? The belfry is often several floors up.
    *   If they are on the 5th floor and the worshippers are on the 1st, are the worshippers "on a floor below"? Yes.
    *   Is "downstairs" a good synonym? Yes, "leaving worship for others downstairs".
    *   Is "beneath" (Sense 1) a good synonym? "leaving worship for others beneath". (A bit weird, but possible).
    *   "at a lower place" (Sense 1) vs "on a lower floor" (Sense 4).
    *   The context is definitely a building.

    *   Sense 1: below (adv) - in or to a place that is lower.
    *   Sense 4: below (adv) - on a floor below.
    *   Looking at the WordNet structure (if I recall), Sense 4 is a hyponym of Sense 1.
    *   In WSD, you generally pick the most specific sense.

    *   Sense 1: general.
    *   Sense 4: building/floor.
    *   Context: Belfry/Church.
    *   Decision: Sense 4.