[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: whole
Target surface form: whole
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The <t>whole</t> notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=whole%3:00:00:: | definition=including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete | examples=gave his whole attention; a whole wardrobe for the tropics
2. sense_key=whole%3:00:02:: | definition=(of siblings) having the same parents | examples=whole brothers and sisters
3. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=not injured | synonyms=unharmed, unhurt, unscathed
4. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health | synonyms=hale | examples=hale and hearty; whole in mind and body
5. sense_key=whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00 | definition=acting together as a single undiversified whole | synonyms=solid, unanimous | examples=a solid voting bloc

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "whole"
    *   Target surface form: "whole"
    *   Context: "The <t>whole</t> notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `whole%3:00:00::`: including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete.
        2.  `whole%3:00:02::`: (of siblings) having the same parents.
        3.  `whole%5:00:00:uninjured:00`: not injured.
        4.  `whole%5:00:00:healthy:00`: exhibiting or restored to vigorous good health.
        5.  `whole%5:00:00:undiversified:00`: acting together as a single undiversified whole.

    *   The sentence is: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion..."
    *   Here, "whole" modifies "notion".
    *   It means the entire concept, the complete idea, or the notion in its entirety.

    *   Sense 1: "including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete". This fits perfectly. "The whole notion" = "The complete notion" or "The entire notion".
    *   Sense 2: Siblings. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Not injured. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Healthy. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Acting together as a single undiversified whole (e.g., a voting bloc). (Incorrect - "notion" is not a group of people acting together).

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the context of "the whole notion".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole <t>notion</t> of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "notion"
    *   Context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Surrounding text discusses the vague and potentially misguided application of "creativity" in schools, linking it to a "romantic rebellion" and "romantic extravagance."

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" (impression, feeling, belief, opinion).
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   Sense 3: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea" (whim, whimsy).
    *   Sense 4: "small personal articles or clothing or sewing items" (buttons, needles).

    *   Sense 4 is completely irrelevant (sewing).
    *   Sense 2 ("general inclusive concept") is a possibility, as "creativity in education" is a concept.
    *   Sense 1 ("a vague idea in which some confidence is placed") fits well because the author argues that no one can say specifically what "creativity" means in this context, yet parents and educators place confidence in it.
    *   Sense 3 ("an odd or fanciful or capricious idea") fits the author's critical tone ("romantic rebellion", "romantic extravagance"), suggesting the idea is fanciful or misguided.

    *   The author says: "But what do we mean, specifically, by 'creativity'? No one can say." This points toward the "vague" aspect of Sense 1.
    *   The author says: "The whole notion... was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion... romantic extravagance." This points toward the "fanciful" aspect of Sense 3.
    *   However, "notion" here refers to the *idea* or *concept* of creativity in education.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". The text explicitly mentions that no one can define it (vague) and parents find it attractive (confidence).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a general inclusive concept". This is the most neutral description.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea". While the author *thinks* it's fanciful, the "notion" itself is the belief/idea being held.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed".
    *   Sense 3: "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea".
    *   The author is critiquing the *belief* in this vague concept. "The whole notion of 'creativity' in education..."
    *   Comparing "vague idea" (1) vs "fanciful idea" (3). The text emphasizes the lack of definition ("No one can say") and the misplaced confidence ("parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive").
    *   Sense 1's synonyms are "impression, feeling, belief, opinion". The "notion of 'creativity' in education" functions as a belief or opinion held by the parents/educators.
    *   Sense 3's synonyms are "whim, whimsy". The "notion of 'creativity' in education" is not a whim (a sudden desire); it's a systemic belief/concept.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed".
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   The author is arguing that the "notion" is poorly defined ("No one can say") and based on a "romantic rebellion". This aligns strongly with "vague idea in which some confidence is placed".

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept".
    *   Is "creativity in education" a general inclusive concept? Yes.
    *   Is it a "vague idea in which some confidence is placed"? Yes, and the context emphasizes the vagueness and the confidence.

    *   Let's look at the phrasing "The whole notion of...". This often introduces a concept that the speaker is about to critique or dismiss as misguided.
    *   If the author is dismissing it as a "romantic extravagance," Sense 1 (vague idea/belief) or Sense 3 (fanciful idea) are stronger than the neutral Sense 2.
    *   Between 1 and 3: "Whim" (Sense 3) is too fleeting. "Vague idea/belief" (Sense 1) fits the systemic nature of the educational trend described.

    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed"
    *   Context: "No one can say [what we mean]... parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   This matches "vague idea" and "confidence is placed" perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "The whole notion of 'creativity' in <t>education</t> was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   Surrounding context: Mentions "elementary schools", "encourage creativity in your children", "disciplined instruction", "authoritarian", "repression and frustration of the latent talents".

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:00` - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics).
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:09:00` - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction.
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:01` - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:04:01` - the profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01` - the result of good upbringing (social behavior).
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00` - the US federal department.

    *   The sentence says "creativity in education".
    *   It contrasts "creativity in education" with "disciplined instruction".
    *   It refers to the *practice* or *method* of teaching/instructing children in schools.
    *   Sense 1 (activities of educating/instructing, pedagogy) fits best because it refers to the system or practice of teaching.
    *   Sense 2 (knowledge acquired) doesn't fit ("creativity in knowledge acquired" makes less sense than "creativity in the act of teaching").
    *   Sense 3 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge) is close, but the context focuses on the *approach* to teaching (instruction vs. creativity).
    *   Sense 4 (profession of teaching) is possible, but "creativity in the profession" is slightly different from "creativity in the process/activity of educating".
    *   Sense 5 (upbringing) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 6 (government department) is incorrect.

    *   The text discusses "disciplined instruction" and "pedagogy" (implied by the debate over how to teach).
    *   "Creativity in education" here refers to the *way* children are taught (the activities of educating).
    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy). This aligns perfectly with the contrast against "disciplined instruction".

    *   Sense 1: activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Sense 3: process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   The text is about the *method* of instruction (creativity vs. discipline). This points more towards the *act* of educating (Sense 1) than the *process* of the student acquiring knowledge (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: `education%1:04:00`
    *   Sense 2: `education%1:09:00`
    *   Sense 3: `education%1:09:01`
    *   Sense 4: `education%1:04:01`
    *   Sense 5: `education%1:07:01`
    *   Sense 6: `education%1:14:00`

    The target is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "romantic"
    *   Target surface form: "romantic"
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a <t>romantic</t> rebellion against disciplined instruction... It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `romantic%3:01:00`: Belonging to Romanticism (arts/literature).
        2.  `romantic%5:00:01:loving:00`: Expressive of sexual love/romance.
        3.  `romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00`: Not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic.

    *   The text discusses "creativity" in education as a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   It describes this as being regarded as "authoritarian" and a "repression... of latent talents."
    *   It refers to "romantic extravagance."
    *   The tone is critical, suggesting that the idea of "creativity" as self-expression without discipline is unrealistic or idealistic rather than based on practical educational outcomes.

    *   Sense 1 (Romanticism): While the "Romantic Movement" often emphasized emotion and individuality over reason/discipline, the context here is about a general attitude toward education and a "rebellion" based on idealism, not specifically the 18th/19th-century artistic movement.
    *   Sense 2 (Loving): Clearly not about sexual love or romance.
    *   Sense 3 (Impractical/Idealistic): This fits perfectly. The author is arguing that the push for "creativity" over "disciplined instruction" is an unrealistic, idealistic, or "quixotic" approach to education. "Romantic extravagance" further supports the idea of something being overly idealistic or impractical.

    *   The word "romantic" here means idealistic, unrealistic, or not sensible about practical matters (the practicalities of learning/instruction). This aligns with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rebellion
Target surface form: rebellion
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:01:: | definition=refusal to accept some authority or code or convention | examples=each generation must have its own rebellion; his body was in rebellion against fatigue
2. sense_key=rebellion%1:04:00:: | definition=organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another | synonyms=insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "rebellion"
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic <t>rebellion</t> against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rebellion%1:04:01`: refusal to accept some authority or code or convention (Example: "each generation must have its own rebellion").
        2.  `rebellion%1:04:00`: organized opposition to authority; a conflict in which one faction tries to wrest control from another (Synonyms: insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising).

    *   The context describes a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   It's talking about a shift in educational philosophy, a rejection of "disciplined instruction" and "authoritarian" methods.
    *   Is this an "organized opposition to authority" in the sense of an insurrection or revolt (Sense 2)? No. There are no armies, no attempts to "wrest control" in a political or military sense.
    *   Is this a "refusal to accept some authority or code or convention" (Sense 1)? Yes. The "code or convention" here is "disciplined instruction." The "romantic rebellion" refers to the intellectual and social trend of rejecting traditional teaching methods.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "refusal to accept some authority or code or convention."
    *   Sense 2 is too strong: "insurrection, revolt, rising, uprising."

    *   The target word "rebellion" in this context refers to a general rejection of a convention (disciplined instruction), not a political uprising.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disciplined
Target surface form: disciplined
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00 | definition=obeying the rules
2. sense_key=disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00 | definition=trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise | examples=the beautiful coordination of his disciplined muscles; a disciplined mind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `disciplined`
    *   Target surface form: `disciplined`
    *   Context: "...part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against <t>disciplined</t> instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `disciplined%5:00:00:controlled:00`: obeying the rules.
        2.  `disciplined%5:00:00:trained:00`: trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise.

    *   The word "disciplined" modifies "instruction".
    *   The context contrasts "disciplined instruction" with "creativity", "self-expression", and "self-esteem".
    *   It mentions that "disciplined instruction" is regarded as "authoritarian" and a "repression".
    *   In the context of education ("instruction"), "disciplined" refers to a structured, rigorous, and systematic method of training or teaching.

    *   Sense 1: "obeying the rules". This describes a person or a group (e.g., a disciplined army). While "disciplined instruction" involves rules, the instruction itself isn't "obeying the rules"; rather, it *imposes* a method of training.
    *   Sense 2: "trained mentally or physically by instruction or exercise". This fits better. "Disciplined instruction" refers to instruction that is rigorous, systematic, and focused on training the mind (like the "disciplined mind" example).

    *   "Disciplined instruction" = instruction that is rigorous, structured, and focused on mental training.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "trained mentally... by instruction". This aligns perfectly with the educational context.

    *   Sense 1 is more about behavior/compliance.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the process of training/rigor.
    *   The text discusses a rebellion against a specific *style* of education (instruction). Rigorous, structured training (Sense 2) is the target of the rebellion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instruction
Target surface form: instruction
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instruction%1:10:04:: | definition=a message describing how something is to be done | synonyms=direction | examples=he gave directions faster than she could follow them
2. sense_key=instruction%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
3. sense_key=instruction%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=teaching, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
4. sense_key=instruction%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program | synonyms=command, statement, program line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `instruction`
    *   Target surface form: `instruction`
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined <t>instruction</t>, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `instruction%1:10:04::`: a message describing how something is to be done (direction).
        2.  `instruction%1:04:01::`: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (education, teaching, pedagogy).
        3.  `instruction%1:04:00::`: the profession of a teacher (teaching, pedagogy).
        4.  `instruction%1:10:02::`: (computer science) a line of code.

    *   The context discusses "creativity in education," "elementary schools," "youngsters," and a "rebellion against disciplined instruction."
    *   "Disciplined instruction" in this context refers to the method or activity of teaching/educating children in a structured way.
    *   It is contrasted with "creativity" and "self-expression."

    *   Sense 1 (direction/message): Doesn't fit. It's not about a specific set of directions on how to do a task.
    *   Sense 2 (activities of educating/teaching): Fits perfectly. "Disciplined instruction" refers to the process/activity of teaching.
    *   Sense 3 (profession of a teacher): While related, the text is talking about the *act* or *method* of instruction (disciplined instruction), not the *career* of being a teacher.
    *   Sense 4 (computer science): Irrelevant.

    *   Sense 2: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" (synonyms: education, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Context: "...rebellion against disciplined instruction..."
    *   This matches the usage of "instruction" as a synonym for teaching or education.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: authoritarian
Target surface form: authoritarian
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "<t>authoritarian</t>, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:undemocratic:00 | definition=characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty | synonyms=autocratic, dictatorial, despotic, tyrannic, tyrannical | examples=an authoritarian regime; autocratic government
2. sense_key=authoritarian%5:00:00:domineering:00 | definition=expecting unquestioning obedience | synonyms=dictatorial, overbearing | examples=the timid child of authoritarian parents; insufferably overbearing behavior toward the waiter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `authoritarian`
    *   Target surface form: `authoritarian`
    *   Context: "...The whole notion of 'creativity' in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `undemocratic`: characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule; having absolute sovereignty (e.g., authoritarian regime).
        2.  `domineering`: expecting unquestioning obedience (e.g., authoritarian parents).

    *   The word "authoritarian" describes "disciplined instruction" in the context of education.
    *   It is contrasted with "creativity" and "self-expression."
    *   It is linked to "repression and frustration of the latent talents."
    *   The context is about teaching methods and the relationship between teacher/instruction and student, not about national governance or absolute sovereignty.

    *   Sense 1 refers to political systems (absolute rule, regimes, sovereignty).
    *   Sense 2 refers to interpersonal behavior or styles of authority (expecting unquestioning obedience, domineering, like authoritarian parents).

    *   "Disciplined instruction" being called "authoritarian" fits the description of "expecting unquestioning obedience" (Sense 2) much better than "characteristic of an absolute ruler" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 2 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repression
Target surface form: repression
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repression%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of forcible subjugation | examples=the long repression of Christian sects
2. sense_key=repression%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
3. sense_key=repression%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of repressing; control by holding down | examples=his goal was the repression of insolence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "repression"
    *   Context: "...disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a <t>repression</t> and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `repression%1:26:00::` - a state of forcible subjugation (e.g., long repression of Christian sects).
        2.  `repression%1:22:00::` - (psychiatry) defense mechanism protecting from anxiety-inducing impulses.
        3.  `repression%1:04:00::` - the act of repressing; control by holding down (e.g., repression of insolence).

    *   The text discusses "disciplined instruction" being viewed as "authoritarian."
    *   It describes this instruction as "a repression and frustration of the latent talents... inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   The context is about the suppression or holding down of natural abilities/talents due to strict control (disciplined instruction).

    *   Sense 1 (forcible subjugation) usually refers to political or social groups (like the example "Christian sects"). While "authoritarian" is used, the focus here is on the *act* of suppressing talents, not the *state* of a subjugated population.
    *   Sense 2 (psychiatry) refers to an unconscious mental process. While "souls" and "latent talents" are mentioned, the context is about external "disciplined instruction" causing the repression, not an internal psychological defense mechanism.
    *   Sense 3 (the act of repressing; control by holding down) fits best. The "disciplined instruction" is seen as the mechanism that "holds down" or controls the latent talents.

    *   Sense 3: "the act of repressing; control by holding down".
    *   Context: "...disciplined instruction... a repression... of the latent talents..."
    *   This matches perfectly. The "repression of latent talents" is the act of holding them down or preventing them from developing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frustration
Target surface form: frustration
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frustration%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=defeat
2. sense_key=frustration%1:04:02:: | definition=an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts | synonyms=thwarting, foiling
3. sense_key=frustration%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized | examples=her constant complaints were the main source of his frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "frustration"
    *   Target surface form: "frustration"
    *   Context: "...which was (and is) regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and <t>frustration</t> of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

    *   Sense 1: `frustration%1:12:00::` - the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals (Synonym: defeat).
    *   Sense 2: `frustration%1:04:02::` - an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts (Synonyms: thwarting, foiling).
    *   Sense 3: `frustration%1:12:01::` - a feeling of annoyance at being hindered or criticized.

    *   The sentence says: "...regarded as 'authoritarian,' a repression and frustration of the latent talents..."
    *   Here, "frustration" is paired with "repression".
    *   "Repression of the latent talents" means the act of keeping those talents from developing or being expressed.
    *   Therefore, "frustration of the latent talents" in this context refers to the *act* of hindering or thwarting the development of those talents, not the *feeling* of being thwarted.

    *   Sense 1 is a feeling.
    *   Sense 2 is an act of hindering.
    *   Sense 3 is a feeling of annoyance.

    The context clearly points to the act of hindering (Sense 2), as it describes the effect of "authoritarian" disciplined instruction on "latent talents".

    *   Sense 2: "an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts" (Synonyms: thwarting, foiling).
    *   Does "frustration of the latent talents" mean "thwarting of the latent talents"? Yes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: latent
Target surface form: latent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:potential:00 | definition=potentially existing but not presently evident or realized | examples=a latent fingerprint; latent talent
2. sense_key=latent%5:00:00:inactive:02 | definition=(pathology) not presently active | examples=latent infection; latent diabetes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `latent`
    *   Target surface form: `latent`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the <t>latent</t> talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `latent%5:00:00:potential:00`: potentially existing but not presently evident or realized (Example: latent talent).
        2.  `latent%5:00:00:inactive:02`: (pathology) not presently active (Example: latent infection).

    *   The word "latent" modifies "talents".
    *   The sentence discusses "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children".
    *   This refers to abilities or talents that exist but haven't been developed or manifested yet.

    *   Sense 1: "potentially existing but not presently evident or realized". This fits perfectly with "talents" and "potentialities". The example "latent talent" is an exact match.
    *   Sense 2: "(pathology) not presently active". This refers to medical conditions (infections, diabetes). This does not fit the context of children's talents.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: talent
Target surface form: talents
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent <t>talents</t> and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=talent%1:09:00:: | definition=natural abilities or qualities | synonyms=endowment, gift, natural endowment
2. sense_key=talent%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `talent`
    *   Target surface form: `talents`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `talent%1:09:00::`: natural abilities or qualities (synonyms: endowment, gift, natural endowment)
        2.  `talent%1:18:00::`: a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity

    *   The sentence refers to "latent talents and the wonderful... potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   "Latent talents" refers to the abilities or qualities that the children possess but which are not yet developed or expressed.
    *   It does *not* refer to the children themselves as "talents" (people who possess ability).

    *   Sense 1: "natural abilities or qualities" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a person who possesses unusual innate ability" - This does not fit. The text is talking about the *abilities* inherent in the children, not the children as "talents".

    *   The word "talents" in "latent talents" clearly refers to the abilities.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "yet"
    *   Target surface form: "yet"
    *   Context: "...the wonderful, if as <t>yet</t> undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."

    *   Sense 1: "up to the present time" (e.g., "I have yet to see the results")
    *   Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" (synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet) (e.g., "the sun isn't up yet")
    *   Sense 3: "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" (synonyms: even, still) (e.g., "an even more interesting problem")
    *   Sense 4: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" (synonyms: in time) (e.g., "flowers that were yet to show themselves")
    *   Sense 5: "used after a superlative" (synonyms: so far) (e.g., "the largest drug bust yet")
    *   Sense 6: "despite anything to the contrary" (synonyms: however, nevertheless) (e.g., "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it")

    *   The phrase is "as yet undefined".
    *   "Undefined" is a negative state (not defined).
    *   "As yet" is a common idiom meaning "up to now" or "so far".
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "up to the present time".
        *   Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" (synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, **as yet**).

    *   Sense 2 explicitly lists "as yet" as a synonym and describes the usage in a negative statement (undefined = not defined).
    *   Sense 1 is similar but Sense 2 is more specific to the "as yet" construction and the negative context.

    *   "as yet undefined" = "so far undefined" or "hitherto undefined".
    *   This matches Sense 2 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potentiality
Target surface form: potentialities
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, <t>potentialities</t> inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potentiality%1:26:00:: | definition=the inherent capacity for coming into being | synonyms=potential, potency
2. sense_key=potentiality%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capability, capableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `potentiality`
    *   Target surface form: `potentialities`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `potentiality%1:26:00::`: the inherent capacity for coming into being (synonyms: potential, potency)
        2.  `potentiality%1:09:00::`: an aptitude that may be developed (synonyms: capability, capableness)

    *   The sentence discusses "latent talents" and "undefined potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   It's talking about the abilities or capacities children have that could be developed or realized.
    *   "Latent talents" strongly parallels "potentialities" here.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the "inherent capacity for coming into being" (more abstract/philosophical or general).
    *   Sense 2 refers to "an aptitude that may be developed" (more specific to skills, talents, or capabilities of a person).

    *   The context mentions "latent talents" and "children." This points towards individual capabilities or aptitudes.
    *   "Aptitude that may be developed" (Sense 2) fits "latent talents" and the context of education/children much better than the general "capacity for coming into being" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: General capacity for existence/becoming.
    *   Sense 2: Specific aptitude/capability for development.
    *   The text is about education and the development of children's abilities. Sense 2 is the precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherent
Target surface form: inherent
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00 | definition=existing as an essential constituent or characteristic | synonyms=built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral | examples=the Ptolemaic system with its built-in concept of periodicity; a constitutional inability to tell the truth
2. sense_key=inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, underlying | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherent`
    *   Target surface form: `inherent`
    *   Context: "...a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities <t>inherent</t> in the souls of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `inherent%5:00:00:intrinsic:00`: existing as an essential constituent or characteristic (synonyms: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral).
        2.  `inherent%5:00:00:implicit:00`: in the nature of something though not readily apparent (synonyms: implicit in, underlying).

    *   The sentence discusses "latent talents" and "undefined potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   "Latent" means existing but not yet developed or manifest; hidden or concealed.
    *   "Potentialities" refers to latent qualities or abilities that may be developed.
    *   The phrase "inherent in the souls" suggests that these qualities are a natural, essential part of the children's being, even if they aren't currently visible or defined.

    *   Sense 1 (intrinsic): "existing as an essential constituent or characteristic." This fits well. The talents and potentialities are seen as essential parts of the children's souls.
    *   Sense 2 (implicit): "in the nature of something though not readily apparent." This also fits, as "latent" and "undefined" align with "not readily apparent."

    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *essential nature* (intrinsic, built-in).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on the *hidden nature* (implicit, underlying).
    *   In the context of "potentialities inherent in the souls," the author is arguing that these abilities are *part of* the children (intrinsic/essential), not just implied by their nature.
    *   Looking at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: built-in, constitutional, inbuilt, integral.
        *   Sense 2: implicit in, underlying.
    *   "Potentialities inherent in the souls" sounds more like they are an integral/built-in part of the soul (Sense 1) rather than an underlying meaning or a shortcoming implicit in an approach (Sense 2).
    *   Usually, when talking about innate abilities or qualities in a person (like "inherent dignity" or "inherent talent"), Sense 1 (intrinsic) is the standard choice. Sense 2 is more often used for abstract concepts, systems, or arguments (e.g., "the risks inherent in the plan").

    *   "latent talents and the wonderful... potentialities inherent in the souls"
    *   These are qualities the children *possess* as part of their nature.
    *   Sense 1: "existing as an essential constituent or characteristic."
    *   Sense 2: "in the nature of something though not readily apparent."
    *   While "latent" suggests "not readily apparent," the core idea of "inherent in the soul" is that it is an essential, intrinsic part of the person.

    *   Sense 1: "a constitutional inability to tell the truth" (a trait a person has).
    *   Sense 2: "shortcomings inherent in our approach" (a flaw in a system).
    *   The context "potentialities inherent in the souls" is much closer to "constitutional inability" (a trait of a person) than "shortcomings inherent in our approach" (a trait of a system/method).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: soul
Target surface form: souls
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the <t>souls</t> of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=soul%1:18:00:: | definition=the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life | synonyms=psyche
2. sense_key=soul%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal | examples=there was too much for one person to do
3. sense_key=soul%1:12:00:: | definition=deep feeling or emotion | synonyms=soulfulness
4. sense_key=soul%1:04:00:: | definition=the human embodiment of something | examples=the soul of honor
5. sense_key=soul%1:10:00:: | definition=a secular form of gospel that was a major Black musical genre in the 1960s and 1970s | examples=soul was politically significant during the Civil Rights movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `soul`
    *   Target surface form: `souls`
    *   Context: "...the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the <t>souls</t> of all our children."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `soul%1:18:00::`: the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life (synonym: psyche)
        2.  `soul%1:03:00::`: a human being (synonyms: person, individual, someone, somebody, mortal)
        3.  `soul%1:12:00::`: deep feeling or emotion (synonym: soulfulness)
        4.  `soul%1:04:00::`: the human embodiment of something (example: the soul of honor)
        5.  `soul%1:10:00::`: a secular form of gospel (musical genre)

    *   The sentence discusses "latent talents" and "potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   The context is about the inner nature, the essence, or the immaterial/psychological part of the children where these talents and potentialities reside.
    *   It's not referring to the children as "human beings" (sense 2) in a counting sense (e.g., "not a soul was there").
    *   It's not referring to "deep feeling" (sense 3).
    *   It's not referring to the "embodiment of something" (sense 4).
    *   It's not referring to the music genre (sense 5).
    *   It refers to the inner essence or the immaterial part of the person (psyche), which aligns with sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life" (synonym: psyche). This fits perfectly with "potentialities inherent in the souls".

    *   Sense 2 ("a human being") would make the sentence "potentialities inherent in the human beings of all our children," which is redundant and awkward.
    *   Sense 1 ("the immaterial part") makes the sentence "potentialities inherent in the immaterial parts/psyches of all our children," which is the intended meaning in this romanticized context of "latent talents."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our <t>children</t>. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `child`
    *   Target surface form: `children`
    *   Context: "...the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our <t>children</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses American parents, elementary schools, creativity in education, and "youngsters."

    *   Sense 1: `a young person of either sex` (kid, youngster, minor). Focuses on age.
    *   Sense 2: `a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age` (kid). Focuses on the relationship to parents.
    *   Sense 3: `an immature childish person` (baby). Focuses on behavior/maturity.
    *   Sense 4: `a member of a clan or tribe`. Focuses on kinship/group identity.

    *   The sentence is: "...potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children."
    *   The preceding context mentions "American parents" and "elementary schools."
    *   The phrase "our children" in the context of parents and education usually refers to their offspring (Sense 2), but it can also refer to children in general as a demographic (Sense 1).
    *   Let's look closer: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?'" -> Here, "your children" clearly means offspring (Sense 2).
    *   The final sentence: "...potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." In this broader rhetorical sense, "our children" often refers to the youth of society (Sense 1) or the offspring of the parents mentioned earlier (Sense 2).
    *   However, looking at the synonyms for Sense 1: "kid, youngster, minor". The text explicitly uses the word "youngsters" earlier: "...encourages the youngsters' 'self-esteem.'"
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (age) vs Sense 2 (offspring):
        *   Sense 1: a young person.
        *   Sense 2: a human offspring.
    *   In the phrase "all our children," the "our" can be collective (society's children) or specific (the parents' children). Given the context of "American parents" and "elementary schools," it's referring to the young people being educated.
    *   Usually, when referring to the general population of young people in an educational context, Sense 1 is a strong candidate. But when "our" is used, it often implies the parent-child relationship.
    *   Let's re-read: "If I were to ask a sample of American parents... creativity in your children... the souls of all our children."
    *   The "our" links back to the "American parents." The parents' children are their offspring.
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "she writes books for children". This is the general age-based sense.
    *   Examples for Sense 2: "they had three children". This is the offspring sense.
    *   In "all our children," the "our" strongly suggests the offspring relationship (Sense 2), even if used collectively by the parents.

    *   Sense 1: Young person (age).
    *   Sense 2: Offspring (relationship).
    *   The text starts with "American parents" and "your children" (offspring). It ends with "our children." The "our" refers to the parents. Therefore, it refers to their offspring.

    *   Is it "young people" (Sense 1) or "offspring" (Sense 2)?
    *   "the souls of all our children"
    *   If I say "our children are the future," I usually mean young people in general (Sense 1).
    *   If I say "we must protect our children," I could mean my own kids or children in general.
    *   In this specific text, the author is critiquing the views of "American parents." The "our children" refers to the children of those parents.
    *   Let's check the synonyms again. Sense 1: youngster. The text uses "youngsters."
    *   However, "our children" is a very common way to refer to offspring.
    *   Let's look at the distinction in WordNet:
        *   `child%1:18:00` (young person)
        *   `child%1:18:01` (offspring)
    *   In the context of "parents" and "your children," the relationship is central.

    *   "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?'" -> Sense 2.
    *   "...potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children." -> This mirrors "your children."
    *   The author is speaking from the perspective of the parents or addressing the parents' perspective.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 (offspring) is the most precise fit for "our children" in this context.

    *   Sense 1: a young person of either sex.
    *   Sense 2: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
    *   The phrase "our children" almost always invokes the offspring sense unless "our" is used in a very broad, metaphorical sense (like "our children of the 60s"). Here, it's linked to "American parents."

    *   Sense 1: kid, youngster, minor.
    *   Sense 2: kid.
    *   The text uses "youngsters" and "young people." This might point to Sense 1.
    *   But "your children" and "our children" specifically denote the relationship.

    *   "your children" (parents' children) -> Sense 2.
    *   "the youngsters" -> Sense 1.
    *   "young people" -> Sense 1.
    *   "our children" -> Sense 2.

    *   The target word is "children" in "all our children."
    *   Given the parallel to "your children" and the mention of "parents," Sense 2 is the most accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that <t>parents</t> find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `parent`
    *   Target surface form: `parents`
    *   Context: "...It is not surprising that <t>parents</t> find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `parent%1:18:00::`: a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian.
        2.  `parent%1:03:00::`: an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained.

    *   The text discusses "creativity" in education, "youngsters," "children," and the desire for a "decent education."
    *   The word "parents" refers to the people who have children and are concerned about their education.

    *   Sense 1 refers to human parents (father, mother, guardian).
    *   Sense 2 refers to biological organisms in a general sense (plants or animals).
    *   The context clearly refers to human parents in the context of education and child-rearing.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "find"
    *   Context: "It is not surprising that parents <t>find</t> this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   Meaning: Parents *perceive* or *feel* that the romantic extravagance is attractive.

    *   1: come upon by accident (e.g., "find this idea in Plato") - No.
    *   2: discover/determine existence (e.g., "found traces of lead") - No.
    *   3: come upon after searching (e.g., "find your glasses") - No.
    *   4: establish after calculation/study (e.g., "find the product of two numbers") - No.
    *   5: come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds (synonym: feel; example: "I find him to be obnoxious") - This fits perfectly. "Parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive" $\approx$ "Parents feel this romantic extravagance is attractive."
    *   6: perceive or be contemporaneous with (e.g., "found Republicans winning") - No.
    *   7: get something for a specific purpose (e.g., "found this gadget") - No.
    *   8: make a discovery (e.g., "discovered X-rays") - No.
    *   9: make a discovery (e.g., "found that he had lied") - No.
    *   10: obtain through effort (e.g., "found the time") - No.
    *   11: decide/declare (e.g., "find someone guilty") - No.
    *   12: receive a specified treatment (e.g., "do not find expression") - No.
    *   13: perceive oneself to be in a condition (e.g., "found myself in a difficult situation") - No.
    *   14: recover (e.g., "found her voice") - No.
    *   15: succeed in reaching (e.g., "arrow found its mark") - No.
    *   16: find oneself (e.g., "find himself") - No.

    *   The sentence "parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive" describes a subjective perception or opinion.
    *   Sense 5: "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds" with synonym "feel" and example "I find him to be obnoxious" matches this usage exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: romantic
Target surface form: romantic
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this <t>romantic</t> extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=romantic%3:01:00:: | definition=belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts | synonyms=romanticist, romanticistic | examples=romantic poetry
2. sense_key=romantic%5:00:01:loving:00 | definition=expressive of or exciting sexual love or romance | synonyms=amatory, amorous | examples=her amatory affairs; amorous glances
3. sense_key=romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00 | definition=not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic | synonyms=quixotic, wild-eyed | examples=as quixotic as a restoration of medieval knighthood; a romantic disregard for money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "romantic"
    *   Target surface form: "romantic"
    *   Context: The text discusses "creativity" in education, describing it as a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction" and "romantic extravagance." The author criticizes this approach as leading to "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" and contrasts it with "decent education as traditionally understood" and "common sense."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `romantic%3:01:00`: Belonging to Romanticism/Romantic Movement in arts (e.g., romantic poetry).
        2.  `romantic%5:00:01:loving:00`: Expressive of sexual love or romance (e.g., amorous).
        3.  `romantic%5:00:00:impractical:00`: Not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic (e.g., quixotic, wild-eyed).

    *   The author is using "romantic" to describe a "rebellion against disciplined instruction" and "extravagance."
    *   The tone is critical.
    *   The contrast is between this "romantic" approach and "common sense" and "disciplined instruction."
    *   This fits the definition of being "idealistic and unrealistic" or "not sensible about practical matters."

    *   Sense 1 (Romanticism): While the "romantic rebellion" might evoke the spirit of the Romantic era, the specific use of "romantic extravagance" in the context of lacking "common sense" and "disciplined instruction" points more towards the general meaning of being unrealistic/idealistic rather than specifically referring to the 18th/19th-century art movement.
    *   Sense 2 (Love): Completely irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (Impractical/Idealistic): Fits perfectly. The author views the idea of "latent talents" and "undefined potentialities" as an unrealistic, idealistic notion that ignores the practical needs of education.

    *   The word "romantic" here means unrealistic or overly idealistic.
    *   Sense 3: "not sensible about practical matters; idealistic and unrealistic".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance <t>so</t> attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "so"
    *   Target surface form: "so"
    *   Context: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance <t>so</t> attractive."

    *   "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive."
    *   In this sentence, "so" modifies the adjective "attractive".
    *   It means "very" or "to a great extent".

    *   Sense 1: "to a very great extent or degree" (Examples: "the idea is so obvious", "never been so happy").
    *   Sense 2: "in a manner that facilitates" (Example: "so he could describe...").
    *   Sense 3: "in such a condition or manner..." (Example: "hope they will remain so").
    *   Sense 4: "to a certain unspecified extent or degree" (Example: "can only go so far").
    *   Sense 5: "in the same way; also" (Example: "so was he").
    *   Sense 6: "in the way indicated" (Example: "hold the brush so").
    *   Sense 7: "(usually followed by 'that') to an extent or degree as expressed" (Example: "so tired he could hardly stand").
    *   Sense 8: "subsequently or soon afterward" (Example: "then he left").
    *   Sense 9: "(used to introduce a logical conclusion)" (Example: "therefore X must be true").
    *   Sense 10: "in truth" (Example: "indeed").

    *   The usage "so attractive" matches Sense 1 ("to a very great extent or degree").
    *   Sense 7 is similar but usually requires a "that" clause (e.g., "so attractive that they bought it"). In the target sentence, there is no "that" clause following "attractive".

    *   Sense 1: "to a very great extent or degree" -> "so attractive" (very attractive). This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attractive
Target surface form: attractive
Context:
But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "? No one can say. In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so <t>attractive</t>. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attractive%3:00:01:: | definition=pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm | examples=a remarkably attractive young man; an attractive personality
2. sense_key=attractive%5:00:00:appealing:00 | definition=having power to arouse interest | examples=an attractive opportunity; the job is attractive because of the pay
3. sense_key=attractive%3:00:02:: | definition=having the properties of a magnet; the ability to draw or pull | examples=an attractive force

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `attractive`
    *   Context: "It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so <t>attractive</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is discussing the concept of "creativity" in education, describing it as a "romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction" and "romantic extravagance." Parents are drawn to this idea.

    *   Sense 1: `pleasing to the eye or mind especially through beauty or charm` (e.g., attractive young man, attractive personality).
    *   Sense 2: `having power to arouse interest` (e.g., attractive opportunity, job is attractive because of the pay).
    *   Sense 3: `having the properties of a magnet; the ability to draw or pull` (e.g., attractive force).

    *   The "romantic extravagance" (the idea of creativity as self-expression/rebellion) is what parents find "attractive."
    *   Is it "pleasing to the eye or mind through beauty or charm" (Sense 1)? While "romantic" suggests a certain charm, the context is more about the *appeal* of the idea/concept.
    *   Is it "having power to arouse interest" or "appealing" (Sense 2)? Yes. The idea of a "romantic extravagance" is appealing to parents. It's an attractive *notion* or *proposition*.
    *   Is it "magnetic" (Sense 3)? No.

    *   Sense 1 focuses on beauty/charm (aesthetic or personality).
    *   Sense 2 focuses on appeal/interest (desirability of a situation, idea, or opportunity).
    *   The "romantic extravagance" is an idea/concept. Parents find the *idea* appealing. This fits Sense 2 ("appealing", "arouse interest") better than Sense 1 ("beauty or charm").

    *   Sense 2: "having power to arouse interest" / "appealing".
    *   Example: "an attractive opportunity".
    *   Context: "parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive".
    *   This matches perfectly.