attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
The <t>art</t> of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art
2. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "art"
    *   Target surface form: "art"
    *   Context: "The <t>art</t> of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `art%1:06:00::`: products of human creativity (works of art).
        2.  `art%1:04:00::`: creation of beautiful or significant things (artistic production).
        3.  `art%1:09:00::`: a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation (artistry, prowess).
        4.  `art%1:10:00::`: photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication (artwork, graphics).

    *   "The art of change-ringing" refers to the skill, technique, or practice of ringing church bells in a specific pattern.
    *   Change-ringing is a specialized skill learned through practice and study.

    *   Sense 1 (products): No, change-ringing is an activity/skill, not a collection of physical objects.
    *   Sense 2 (creation of beauty): While it might be beautiful, the focus here is on the *practice* or *skill* of doing it.
    *   Sense 3 (superior skill): Yes, "the art of [activity]" often refers to the skill or mastery of that activity (e.g., "the art of conversation"). Change-ringing fits this perfectly.
    *   Sense 4 (visuals in publication): No.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiar
Target surface form: peculiar
Context:
The art of change-ringing is <t>peculiar</t> to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=beyond or deviating from the usual or expected | synonyms=curious, funny, odd, queer, rum, rummy | examples=a curious hybrid accent; her speech has a funny twang
2. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=particular, special | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
3. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:unusual:00 | definition=markedly different from the usual; ; -Virginia Woolf | examples=a peculiar hobby of stuffing and mounting bats; a man...feels it a peculiar insult to be taunted with cowardice by a woman
4. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:characteristic:00 | definition=characteristic of one only; distinctive or special; - R.B.Taney | examples=the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `peculiar`
    *   Target surface form: `peculiar`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is <t>peculiar</t> to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `strange`: beyond or deviating from the usual or expected (curious, funny, odd).
        2.  `specific`: unique or specific to a person or thing or category (particular, special).
        3.  `unusual`: markedly different from the usual.
        4.  `characteristic`: characteristic of one only; distinctive or special.

    *   "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   The phrase "peculiar to [group/place]" typically means that something is found only in that group or place, or is characteristic of them.
    *   The second part of the sentence ("like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world") reinforces the idea that it's a trait specific to the English.

    *   Sense 1 (`strange`): While change-ringing might be seen as strange by others, the phrase "peculiar to the English" specifically denotes exclusivity or characteristic nature, not just "oddness."
    *   Sense 2 (`specific`): "unique or specific to a person or thing or category." This fits well.
    *   Sense 3 (`unusual`): "markedly different from the usual." Too broad.
    *   Sense 4 (`characteristic`): "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special." This also fits very well.

    *   Sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category" (Synonyms: particular, special).
    *   Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special" (Example: "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S.").

    Wait, let's look closer at the phrasing "peculiar to".
    In English, "peculiar to" almost always means "characteristic of" or "exclusive to".

    Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4:
    Sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
    Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"

    Let's look at the examples:
    Sense 2 example: "the particular demands of the job" (Here, "particular" is used as a synonym for "specific").
    Sense 4 example: "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S." (Here, "peculiar" means distinctive/characteristic).

    In the context "peculiar to the English", it means it is a characteristic found only in the English. This aligns most strongly with Sense 4 ("characteristic of one only; distinctive or special").

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category".
    And Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special".

    Actually, "peculiar to" is the classic usage for Sense 4. Let's check if Sense 2 is more about "particular" (as in "a particular preference"). Yes, the example "the particular demands of the job" suggests "specific" in the sense of "certain".

    Sense 4's definition "characteristic of one only" is a perfect match for "peculiar to the English".

    *   Sense 1: Strange/Odd. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Specific/Particular. (Example: "particular demands" - not quite the same as "exclusive to")
    *   Sense 3: Unusual. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Characteristic of one only. (Correct)

    The phrase "peculiar to" is a standard idiom meaning "exclusive to" or "characteristic of". Sense 4 explicitly says "characteristic of one only".

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check Sense 2 again. "unique or specific to a person or thing or category". This is very close. However, Sense 4's "characteristic of one only" is the textbook definition for "peculiar to".

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "particular, special".
    Let's look at the definition for Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special".

    In the context "peculiar to the English", it means it's a trait that belongs only to them. Sense 4 is the most precise.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the <t>English</t>, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%1:10:00:: | definition=an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries | synonyms=English language
2. sense_key=english%1:18:00:: | definition=the people of England | synonyms=English people
3. sense_key=english%1:09:00:: | definition=the discipline that studies the English language and literature
4. sense_key=english%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=side

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `english`
    *   Target surface form: `English`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the <t>English</t>, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Language (Indo-European, West Germanic)
        2.  People of England
        3.  Discipline studying language/literature
        4.  Sports spin (side)

    *   "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English..."
    *   The phrase "the English" typically refers to a group of people (the people of England).
    *   The sentence contrasts "the English" with "the rest of the world," further supporting the interpretation of a group of people.
    *   "English peculiarities" refers to things characteristic of the English people.

    *   Sense 1: Language. (Incorrect: Change-ringing is not peculiar to a language, but to a group of people).
    *   Sense 2: The people of England. (Correct: Fits the context "peculiar to the English").
    *   Sense 3: Discipline of study. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Sports spin. (Incorrect).

    *   The best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like <t>most</t> English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like <t>most</t> English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `most%3:00:02::`: Superlative of 'many' (count nouns), greatest in number. Examples: "who has the most apples?", "most people like eggs".
        2.  `most%3:00:01::`: Superlative of 'much' (mass nouns), greatest in amount, extent, or degree. Examples: "made the most money he could", "what attracts the most attention?".

    *   The word "most" modifies "English peculiarities".
    *   "Peculiarities" is a plural count noun (singular: peculiarity).
    *   The meaning here is "the majority of" or "the greatest number of" English peculiarities.

    *   Sense 1 is for count nouns (greatest in number).
    *   Sense 2 is for mass nouns (greatest in amount/extent/degree).
    *   Since "peculiarities" is a count noun, Sense 1 is the correct fit.

    *   Sense 1: `most%3:00:02::` (index 1 in the provided list).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people | examples=English history; the English landed aristocracy
2. sense_key=english%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the English language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `english`
    *   Target surface form: `English`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `english%3:01:00::`: of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people.
        2.  `english%3:01:01::`: of or relating to the English language.

    *   The sentence discusses "the art of change-ringing" being "peculiar to the English" and "English peculiarities."
    *   "Change-ringing" is a cultural practice (bell ringing).
    *   "The English" refers to the people of England.
    *   "English peculiarities" refers to characteristics or customs of the people/culture of England.
    *   This clearly relates to the people and culture of England, not the English language.

    *   Sense 1: "of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people" -> Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "of or relating to the English language" -> Does not match.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiarity
Target surface form: peculiarities
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English <t>peculiarities</t>, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiarity%1:09:00:: | definition=an odd or unusual characteristic | synonyms=distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic
2. sense_key=peculiarity%1:07:02:: | definition=a distinguishing trait | synonyms=specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness
3. sense_key=peculiarity%1:06:00:: | definition=something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting | synonyms=curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `peculiarity`
    *   Target surface form: `peculiarities`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English <t>peculiarities</t>, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `peculiarity%1:09:00::`: an odd or unusual characteristic (synonyms: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic)
        2.  `peculiarity%1:07:02::`: a distinguishing trait (synonyms: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness)
        3.  `peculiarity%1:06:00::`: something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting (synonyms: curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity)

    *   The sentence says "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English". Here, "peculiar" means unique or specific to.
    *   Then it says "...and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   In this context, "peculiarities" refers to things (like change-ringing) that are characteristic of the English but seen as odd or unusual by others ("unintelligible to the rest of the world").

    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic". This fits well. Change-ringing is a characteristic of the English that is odd/unusual to others.
    *   Sense 2: "a distinguishing trait". This is more neutral. While change-ringing is a distinguishing trait, the context "unintelligible to the rest of the world" emphasizes the "odd/unusual" aspect.
    *   Sense 3: "something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting". This refers to physical objects (curios, oddities). Change-ringing is an art/practice, not a collectible object.

    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the "odd or unusual" nature of the characteristic.
    *   Sense 2 emphasizes the "distinguishing" nature.
    *   The phrase "unintelligible to the rest of the world" strongly supports the "odd or unusual" connotation of Sense 1 over the neutral "distinguishing trait" of Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic"
    *   Sense 2: "a distinguishing trait"
    *   The context "unintelligible to the rest of the world" aligns perfectly with "odd or unusual".

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic" (synonyms: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic)
    *   Sense 2: "a distinguishing trait" (synonyms: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness)
    *   Actually, looking at the synonyms for Sense 1 ("distinctive feature"), it overlaps with Sense 2. However, the definition "odd or unusual" is the key differentiator.
    *   In the sentence, "peculiar to the English" means unique to them. "English peculiarities" refers to these unique things. The addition of "unintelligible to the rest of the world" confirms that these are viewed as oddities.

    *   Sense 1: odd/unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 2: distinguishing trait.
    *   Sense 3: collectible object.
    *   The context "unintelligible to the rest of the world" points directly to the "odd/unusual" aspect of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "an odd or unusual characteristic"
    *   Sense 2: "a distinguishing trait"
    *   If the author meant just "distinguishing trait", they wouldn't necessarily add "unintelligible to the rest of the world". The word "peculiar" in "peculiar to the English" means "exclusive to", but "peculiarities" in the second part of the sentence refers back to that exclusivity while adding the flavor of being strange.

    *   Sense 1: odd/unusual characteristic.
    *   Sense 2: distinguishing trait.
    *   Sense 3: curio.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unintelligible
Target surface form: unintelligible
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, <t>unintelligible</t> to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unintelligible%3:00:00:: | definition=poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise | examples=unintelligible speech
2. sense_key=unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00 | definition=not clearly understood or expressed | synonyms=opaque

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `unintelligible`
    *   Target surface form: `unintelligible`
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, <t>unintelligible</t> to the rest of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `unintelligible%3:00:00::`: poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise (Example: unintelligible speech).
        2.  `unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00`: not clearly understood or expressed (Synonym: opaque).

    *   The sentence discusses "the art of change-ringing" and "English peculiarities."
    *   It says these things are "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   In this context, "unintelligible" means that the *concept* or *practice* is not understood or is incomprehensible to outsiders. It does not refer to speech being muffled or poorly articulated.

    *   Sense 1 refers to auditory clarity (articulation, noise).
    *   Sense 2 refers to general understanding or comprehension (incomprehensible, opaque).

    *   The context fits Sense 2 perfectly.

    *   Sense index for Sense 1 is 1.
    *   Sense index for Sense 2 is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rest
Target surface form: rest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the <t>rest</t> of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
6. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "rest"
    *   Target surface form: "rest"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the <t>rest</t> of the world."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `rest%1:24:00::`: something left after other parts have been taken away (synonyms: remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum)
        2.  `rest%1:04:00::`: freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) (synonyms: ease, repose, relaxation)
        3.  `rest%1:28:00::`: a pause for relaxation (synonyms: respite, relief, rest period)
        4.  `rest%1:26:00::`: a state of inaction
        5.  `rest%1:26:01::`: euphemisms for death
        6.  `rest%1:06:00::`: a support on which things can be put
        7.  `rest%1:10:00::`: a musical notation indicating a silence

    *   The sentence says "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   In this context, "the rest of the world" refers to all the parts of the world *except* for the English.
    *   This matches the definition of "something left after other parts have been taken away" (remainder).

    *   Sense 1: "something left after other parts have been taken away" (remainder). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "freedom from activity". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "a pause for relaxation". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "a state of inaction". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 5: "euphemisms for death". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 6: "a support on which things can be put". Does not fit.
    *   Sense 7: "a musical notation". Does not fit.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "world"
    *   Target surface form: "world"
    *   Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>."
    *   Source: Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors"

    *   Sense 1: everything that exists anywhere (universe, cosmos) - Too broad.
    *   Sense 2: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain) - "the Western world" (group of people).
    *   Sense 3: all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you (reality) - Personal experience.
    *   Sense 4: the 3rd planet from the sun (Earth, globe) - Physical planet.
    *   Sense 5: people in general considered as a whole (populace, public) - "hero in the eyes of the public".
    *   Sense 6: a part of the earth that can be considered separately (outdoor world, world of insects).
    *   Sense 7: the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven (worldly concern).
    *   Sense 8: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity, humankind).

    *   The sentence says change-ringing is "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
    *   Does "the rest of the world" mean the physical planet (Sense 4)? No, the planet doesn't understand things.
    *   Does it mean the universe (Sense 1)? No.
    *   Does it mean the human race/humanity (Sense 8)? Yes, it means people other than the English.
    *   Does it mean people in general considered as a whole (Sense 5)? This is similar to Sense 8.
    *   Let's compare Sense 5 and Sense 8.
        *   Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public).
        *   Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race, humanity, humankind).
    *   "The rest of the world" in this context usually refers to the people of other countries/cultures.
    *   Looking at Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    *   Looking at Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole".
    *   Looking at Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    *   Actually, "the rest of the world" is a very common idiom meaning "everyone else" or "all other people".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 8 vs Sense 5.
        *   Sense 8 (human race/humanity) fits well.
        *   Sense 5 (populace/public) feels more like "the general public".
    *   Let's check Sense 4 (Earth/globe). Sometimes "the world" is used metonymically for the people on it. "He sailed around the world" (Sense 4). "The world is watching" (Sense 8 or 5).
    *   In "unintelligible to the rest of the world", the "world" refers to the people.
    *   Comparing Sense 8 (human race) and Sense 5 (populace). Sense 8 is broader and more encompassing of the global population.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". Example: "the Western world". "The rest of the world" contrasts "the English" (a group) with everyone else.
    *   However, Sense 8 ("all of the living human inhabitants of the earth") is the most standard definition for "the world" when referring to humanity as a whole.

    *   "unintelligible to the rest of the world" -> "unintelligible to all other people on Earth".
    *   Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
    *   Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole".
    *   Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest".
    *   Sense 8 seems the most precise for "the rest of the world" (meaning all other humans).

    *   Sense 8: human race, humanity, humankind.
    *   Sense 5: populace, public.
    *   Sense 2: domain.
    *   "The rest of the world" = "the rest of humanity". This aligns best with Sense 8.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scene
Target surface form: scenes
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all <t>scenes</t> that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scene%1:15:00:: | definition=the place where some action occurs | examples=the police returned to the scene of the crime
2. sense_key=scene%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident (real or imaginary) | examples=their parting was a sad scene
3. sense_key=scene%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
4. sense_key=scene%1:10:01:: | definition=a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film | synonyms=shot
5. sense_key=scene%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=picture | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
6. sense_key=scene%1:10:00:: | definition=a subdivision of an act of a play | examples=the first act has three scenes
7. sense_key=scene%1:26:01:: | definition=a display of bad temper | synonyms=fit, tantrum, conniption | examples=he had a fit; she threw a tantrum
8. sense_key=scene%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=view | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=scene%1:15:01:: | definition=the context and environment in which something is set | synonyms=setting | examples=the perfect setting for a ghost story
10. sense_key=scene%1:06:00:: | definition=the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale | synonyms=scenery | examples=they worked all night painting the scenery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `scene`
    *   Target surface form: `scenes`
    *   Context: "Of all <t>scenes</t> that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower..."
    *   Key phrase: "scenes that evoke rural England", "one of the loveliest", followed by a description of a visual landscape (church, fields, bells).

    *   Sense 1: place where action occurs (crime scene). -> No.
    *   Sense 2: an incident (sad scene). -> No.
    *   Sense 3: the visual percept of a region (view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama). -> Fits well. The description "ancient stone church stands amid the fields" is a visual percept of a region.
    *   Sense 4: series of pictures in a film (shot). -> No.
    *   Sense 5: a situation treated as an observable object (political picture). -> No.
    *   Sense 6: subdivision of a play. -> No.
    *   Sense 7: display of bad temper (tantrum). -> No.
    *   Sense 8: graphic art (painting/photo of a visual percept). -> The text describes a real-life view, not a painting or photograph.
    *   Sense 9: context and environment (setting). -> Close, but "loveliest" and the visual description point more towards the visual aspect (Sense 3).
    *   Sense 10: painted structures of a stage set (scenery). -> No.

    *   Sense 3: "the visual percept of a region" (synonyms: view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama).
    *   Sense 9: "the context and environment in which something is set" (synonym: setting).
    *   The context says "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest". It then describes a visual image: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields...". This is a description of a *view* or *vista*.

    *   Sense 3 is the most precise fit for a visual description of a landscape.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evoke
Target surface form: evoke
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that <t>evoke</t> rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evoke%2:37:00:: | definition=call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) | synonyms=arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, fire, raise | examples=arouse pity; raise a smile
2. sense_key=evoke%2:36:00:: | definition=evoke or provoke to appear or occur | synonyms=provoke, call forth, kick up | examples=Her behavior provoked a quarrel between the couple
3. sense_key=evoke%2:36:01:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, elicit, extract, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=evoke%2:36:02:: | definition=summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic | synonyms=raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, stir, call down | examples=raise the specter of unemployment; he conjured wild birds in the air
5. sense_key=evoke%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=suggest, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evoke`
    *   Target surface form: `evoke`
    *   Context: "Of all scenes that <t>evoke</t> rural England, this is one of the loveliest..."
    *   Meaning: The scene brings to mind or suggests the image/feeling of rural England.

    *   Sense 1: `call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)` (e.g., arouse pity).
    *   Sense 2: `evoke or provoke to appear or occur` (e.g., provoke a quarrel).
    *   Sense 3: `deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning)` (e.g., draw out linguistic data).
    *   Sense 4: `summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic` (e.g., raise the specter of unemployment).
    *   Sense 5: `call to mind` (synonyms: suggest, paint a picture).

    *   The context "scenes that evoke rural England" means the scenes *suggest* or *call to mind* the essence or image of rural England.
    *   Sense 1 is about emotions/feelings. While "rural England" can evoke feelings, the primary meaning here is the mental image or association.
    *   Sense 5 specifically mentions "call to mind" and "suggest, paint a picture," which fits perfectly with a "scene" evoking a place or concept.

    *   Sense 1: Emotions/feelings.
    *   Sense 5: Call to mind/suggest.
    *   "Evoke rural England" is more about the mental representation/suggestion of the place than a specific emotion like pity or anger.

    *   Sense 5 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lovely
Target surface form: loveliest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the <t>loveliest</t>: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00 | definition=appealing to the emotions as well as the eye
2. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00 | definition=lovable especially in a childlike or naive way | synonyms=adorable, endearing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `lovely`
    *   Target surface form: `loveliest`
    *   Context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the <t>loveliest</t>: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00`: appealing to the emotions as well as the eye.
        2.  `lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00`: lovable especially in a childlike or naive way (synonyms: adorable, endearing).

    *   The word "loveliest" describes a "scene that evoke[s] rural England" (an ancient stone church amid fields, bells cascading, etc.).
    *   This is a visual and emotional description of a landscape/scene.

    *   Sense 1: "appealing to the emotions as well as the eye" (beautiful). This fits perfectly with a scenic description of a church in the English countryside.
    *   Sense 2: "lovable especially in a childlike or naive way" (adorable, endearing). This does not fit a landscape or a scene of a church.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An <t>ancient</t> stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ancient`
    *   Target surface form: `ancient`
    *   Context: "An <t>ancient</t> stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ancient%5:00:00:past:00`: belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire (e.g., ancient history, ancient civilizations).
        2.  `ancient%5:00:00:old:02`: very old (e.g., an ancient mariner).

    *   The word "ancient" describes a "stone church" in rural England.
    *   English stone churches are typically from the medieval period (after the fall of the Western Roman Empire).
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions the period *before* the fall of the Western Roman Empire (Classical Antiquity).
    *   Sense 2 is a more general term for "very old."

    *   Sense 1 is too specific and historically inaccurate for a typical English village church (unless it were a Roman temple converted to a church, but the general connotation of "ancient stone church" in an English village is "very old").
    *   Sense 2 ("very old") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Historical period (pre-476 AD).
    *   Sense 2: General age (very old).
    *   The church is "very old," not necessarily from the pre-Roman Empire era.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stone
Target surface form: stone
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stone%1:17:00:: | definition=a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter | synonyms=rock | examples=he threw a rock at me
2. sense_key=stone%1:06:00:: | definition=building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose | examples=he wanted a special stone to mark the site
3. sense_key=stone%1:27:00:: | definition=material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust | synonyms=rock | examples=that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries
4. sense_key=stone%1:27:01:: | definition=a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry | synonyms=gem, gemstone | examples=he had the gem set in a ring for his wife; she had jewels made of all the rarest stones
5. sense_key=stone%1:23:00:: | definition=an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds | examples=a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone
6. sense_key=stone%1:20:00:: | definition=the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed | synonyms=pit, endocarp | examples=you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking
7. sense_key=stone%1:18:05:: | definition=United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Stone, Harlan F. Stone, Harlan Fisk Stone
8. sense_key=stone%1:18:04:: | definition=United States filmmaker (born in 1946) | synonyms=Oliver Stone
9. sense_key=stone%1:18:03:: | definition=United States feminist and suffragist (1818-1893) | synonyms=Lucy Stone
10. sense_key=stone%1:18:02:: | definition=United States journalist who advocated liberal causes (1907-1989) | synonyms=I. F. Stone, Isidor Feinstein Stone
11. sense_key=stone%1:18:01:: | definition=United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as chief justice (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Fiske Stone
12. sense_key=stone%1:18:00:: | definition=United States architect (1902-1978) | synonyms=Edward Durell Stone
13. sense_key=stone%1:07:00:: | definition=a lack of feeling or expression or movement | examples=he must have a heart of stone; her face was as hard as stone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "stone"
    *   Target surface form: "stone"
    *   Context: "An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields..."
    *   Usage: "stone" is used as an adjective (attributive noun) modifying "church".

    *   Sense 1: a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter (rock).
    *   Sense 2: building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose.
    *   Sense 3: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust (rock).
    *   Sense 4: crystalline rock for jewelry (gem).
    *   Sense 5: unit of weight (14 lbs).
    *   Sense 6: hard inner layer of fruit (pit).
    *   Sense 7-12: Proper names (Harlan Stone, Oliver Stone, etc.).
    *   Sense 13: lack of feeling (heart of stone).

    *   The phrase is "stone church".
    *   This refers to a church built out of stone.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
    *   Sense 3 refers to the general material (rock) in nature (e.g., "stone is abundant in New England").
    *   In the context of a building (a church), "stone" refers to the material used for construction.

    *   Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
    *   Sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust".
    *   Usually, when describing a building as a "stone building" or "stone church", it refers to the material used for construction. Sense 2 is more specific to building materials. However, let's look at how WordNet typically distinguishes these.
    *   Sense 3 is the general substance. Sense 2 is the specific block/piece used in building.
    *   Wait, "stone church" means the church is made of the *material* stone.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals... stone is abundant in New England".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
    *   If I say "a stone wall" or "a stone church", I am referring to the material.
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "he threw a rock at me" (a single lump).
        *   Sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site" (a specific hewn piece).
        *   Sense 3: "that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England" (the substance).
    *   A "stone church" is made of the substance stone. However, in the context of architecture, "stone" as a building material is often categorized under the sense of the material itself.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3 again. Sense 2 is "a piece of rock". Sense 3 is the "material".
    *   "An ancient stone church" -> The church is made of the material stone.
    *   If the sense is "made of stone", Sense 3 (the material) is usually the correct choice for the substance, whereas Sense 2 is for a specific block.

    *   Sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals... stone is abundant in New England".
    *   Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
    *   If the church is "stone", it's made of the material.
    *   Let's check common WordNet usage. "Stone" as an adjective meaning "made of stone" usually maps to the material sense.
    *   Example: "stone house" -> material.
    *   Sense 3 is the material. Sense 2 is a specific object (a stone).
    *   Wait, Sense 2 says "building material consisting of a piece of rock...". This is slightly ambiguous. Does it mean the *category* of building material or a *single piece*? "a piece of rock" suggests a single unit.
    *   Sense 3 is the general material.

    *   "An ancient stone church"
    *   Is it made of "a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape" (Sense 2) or "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals" (Sense 3)?
    *   It's made of the material.

    *   Sense 1: lump/mass (count noun)
    *   Sense 2: hewn piece (count noun)
    *   Sense 3: material/substance (mass noun)
    *   "Stone church" uses "stone" as an attributive noun. Attributive nouns usually refer to the material.
    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "church"
    *   Target surface form: "church"
    *   Context: "An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:14:00::`: group of Christians (denomination).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: place for public worship (building).
        3.  `church%1:04:00::`: service conducted in a house of worship.
        4.  `church%1:14:01::`: body of people attending a local church (congregation).

    *   "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
    *   "stone church" implies a physical structure.
    *   "stands amid the fields" implies a physical location/building.
    *   "sound of bells cascading from its tower" implies a physical building with a tower.

    *   Sense 1 (denomination) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (building) - Correct. "Ancient stone church" and "its tower" clearly refer to the building.
    *   Sense 3 (service) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (congregation) - Incorrect.

    *   The target word "church" refers to the physical building.
    *   Sense 2 is "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" with the synonym "church building".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stands
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `stand`
    *   Target surface form: `stands`
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields..."
    *   Meaning: The church is located or situated in the fields.

    *   Sense 1: be standing; be upright (usually refers to people or objects physically standing up).
    *   Sense 2: be in some specified state or condition (e.g., "I stand corrected").
    *   Sense 3: occupy a place or location, also metaphorically (e.g., "We stand on common ground").
    *   Sense 4: hold one's ground; maintain a position (e.g., "standing my ground").
    *   Sense 5: put up with something (e.g., "cannot bear").
    *   Sense 6: have or maintain a position on an issue (e.g., "Where do you stand on the War?").
    *   Sense 7: remain inactive or immobile (e.g., "standing water").
    *   Sense 8: be in effect; be or remain in force (e.g., "The law stands!").
    *   Sense 9: be tall; have a height of (e.g., "She stands 6 feet tall").
    *   Sense 10: put into an upright position (transitive verb).
    *   Sense 11: withstand the force of something (e.g., "stand the test of time").
    *   Sense 12: be available for stud services.

    *   The sentence "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" describes the location of the church.
    *   Sense 3 ("occupy a place or location") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 ("be standing; be upright") is close, but usually refers to the posture of a person or a specific object being upright rather than the general location of a building. In English, when a building "stands" somewhere, it means it is located there.

    *   Sense 3: "occupy a place or location" -> "An ancient stone church stands [occupies a location] amid the fields." This is the standard usage for buildings.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "fields" (lemma: "field")
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower..."
    *   Setting: Rural England, ancient stone church, rural scenes.

    *   1: a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed (e.g., field of wheat).
    *   2: region where a battle is fought (battlefield).
    *   3: where practical work/data collection is done (field work).
    *   4: branch of knowledge (discipline).
    *   5: electromagnetic oscillations (force field).
    *   6: commercial enterprise (line of business).
    *   7: environment or walk of life (sphere).
    *   8: land for playing a game (playing field).
    *   9: extensive tract of level open land (plain, champaign).
    *   10: mathematics (set of elements).
    *   11: region of active military operations (theater).
    *   12: horses in a race.
    *   13: competitors in a contest.
    *   14: geographic region where something valuable is found (diamond fields).
    *   15: computer science (unit of information).
    *   16: area visible (field of view).
    *   17: place where planes take off/land (airfield).

    *   The context describes a rural scene in England with a church standing "amid the fields."
    *   This refers to open land, likely agricultural or natural grassland.
    *   Sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed" (fits well for rural English countryside).
    *   Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land" (also fits, but Sense 1 is more characteristic of the "enclosed" nature of English rural fields).

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed" (Example: "he planted a field of wheat").
    *   Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land" (Synonyms: plain, champaign).
    *   In the context of "rural England" and a church "amid the fields," the image is typically of the patchwork of enclosed fields common in the English countryside, rather than a vast open plain (which is what Sense 9 describes).

    *   Sense 1 is the most precise fit for the typical English rural landscape described.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "sound"
    *   Target surface form: "sound"
    *   Context: "...An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."

    *   Sense 1: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause" (Examples: sound of rain, sound of music).
    *   Sense 2: "the subjective sensation of hearing something" (Synonym: auditory sensation).
    *   Sense 3: "mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium" (Physical definition).
    *   Sense 4: "the sudden occurrence of an audible event" (Example: the sound awakened them).
    *   Sense 5: "the audible part of a transmitted signal" (Synonym: audio).
    *   Sense 6: "(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech".
    *   Sense 7: "a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water" (Synonym: strait).
    *   Sense 8: "a large ocean inlet or deep bay".

    *   The phrase is "the sound of bells cascading from its tower".
    *   This refers to the specific auditory effect produced by the bells.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause" (bells are the cause).
        *   Sense 2 is about the *sensation* of hearing.
        *   Sense 3 is the *physical phenomenon* of vibrations.
        *   Sense 4 is a *sudden event*.
        *   Sense 5 is *audio/signal*.
        *   Sense 6 is *phonetics*.
        *   Senses 7 and 8 are *geographical*.

    *   The "sound of bells" is a classic example of a particular auditory effect produced by a specific source, matching the definition and examples of Sense 1 ("sound of rain on the roof", "beautiful sound of music").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bell`
    *   Target surface form: `bells`
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Key phrases: "sound of bells", "cascading from its tower", "church", "calling the faithful to evensong".

    *   Sense 1: `bell%1:06:00::` - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. (The physical object)
    *   Sense 2: `bell%1:06:02::` - a push button at an outer door (doorbell). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: `bell%1:11:00::` - the sound of a bell being struck. (The sound itself)
    *   Sense 4: `bell%1:28:00::` - nautical time units. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: `bell%1:25:00::` - the shape of a bell. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: `bell%1:18:02::` - Melville Bell. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: `bell%1:18:01::` - Vanessa Bell. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: `bell%1:18:00::` - Alexander Graham Bell. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: `bell%1:06:04::` - percussion instrument (orchestral). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: `bell%1:06:03::` - flared opening of a tubular device. (Incorrect)

    *   The phrase is "the sound of bells".
    *   Does "bells" refer to the physical objects (Sense 1) or the sound they make (Sense 3)?
    *   If "bells" meant the sound, the phrase would be "the sound of the sound of bells", which is redundant.
    *   Therefore, "bells" refers to the physical objects (the hollow metal devices) located in the church tower.
    *   Example for Sense 3: "she heard the distant toll of church bells". In this example, "toll" is the sound, and "church bells" are the objects.
    *   In the target sentence: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower". "Sound" is the head noun, and "of bells" is a prepositional phrase modifying "sound". The "bells" are the source of the sound.

    *   Sense 1: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
    *   This fits perfectly. The bells are the physical objects in the tower.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cascade
Target surface form: cascading
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down
2. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cascade`
    *   Target surface form: `cascading`
    *   Context: "...the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cascade%2:38:00::`: rush down in big quantities, like a cascade (synonym: cascade down).
        2.  `cascade%2:35:00::`: arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible.

    *   The context describes the sound of bells coming from a church tower.
    *   "Cascading" here is used metaphorically to describe the flow of sound falling or rushing down from the tower.
    *   Sense 1 refers to rushing down in big quantities (like a waterfall/cascade).
    *   Sense 2 refers to computer windows.

    *   Sense 1 fits the metaphorical description of sound flowing down from a height.
    *   Sense 2 is completely irrelevant (computing).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its <t>tower</t>, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `tower`
    *   Target surface form: `tower`
    *   Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tower%1:06:00::`: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.
        2.  `tower%1:25:00::`: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (e.g., column of powder, tower of dust).
        3.  `tower%1:06:01::`: a powerful small boat (tugboat).

    *   The context mentions an "ancient stone church" and "bells cascading from its tower".
    *   A church tower is a physical architectural structure attached to or part of the church building.
    *   Sense 1 describes a structure taller than its diameter, which can be attached to a larger building. This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 describes things that *approximate* the shape (like dust or powder), which doesn't fit a stone church structure.
    *   Sense 3 describes a boat, which is completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: calling
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `call`
    *   Target surface form: `calling`
    *   Context: "...the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong."
    *   Meaning: The bells are summoning people (the faithful) to a religious service (evensong).

    *   1: assign a name (No)
    *   2: ascribe a quality (No)
    *   3: telephone (No)
    *   4: utter a sudden loud cry (No)
    *   5: order, request, or command to come (Possible - "summon")
    *   6: pay a brief visit (No)
    *   7: call a meeting/invite to meet (Possible, but usually for formal meetings)
    *   8: read aloud (No)
    *   9: send a message by radio/phone (No)
    *   10: utter a characteristic note or cry (No - bells aren't animals/birds, though they make sounds)
    *   11: stop/postpone (No)
    *   12: greet (No)
    *   13: stop in a harbor (No)
    *   14: demand payment (No)
    *   15: make a demand (No)
    *   16: square dance (No)
    *   17: indicate a decision (No)
    *   18: make a prediction (No)
    *   19: redemption of bond (No)
    *   20: challenge statement (No)
    *   21: umpire's declaration (No)
    *   22: lure animals (No)
    *   23: order/request a strike (No)
    *   24: order/summon for specific duty/activity (Possible - "summoned to active military duty")
    *   25: utter in a loud voice/announce (No)
    *   26: challenge sincerity (No)
    *   27: consider/regard as (No)
    *   28: rouse from sleep (No)

    *   Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come" (synonym: send for).
    *   Sense 7: "call a meeting; invite or command to meet".
    *   Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".

    *   The bells are "calling the faithful to evensong."
    *   This is a summoning to a place/event.
    *   Sense 5 is a general "command to come."
    *   Sense 7 is specifically about calling a meeting.
    *   Sense 24 is about a "specific duty or activity, work, role" (like jury duty or military duty).

    Wait, let's look at Sense 5 again: "order, request, or command to come".
    Let's look at Sense 24 again: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".

    Is attending evensong a "duty or activity"? Yes. Is it a "command to come"? Yes.
    Usually, church bells "summon" people.
    Looking at Sense 5 examples: "She was called into the director's office; Call the police!"
    Looking at Sense 24 examples: "He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty."

    Actually, let's re-evaluate Sense 5 vs Sense 24.
    Sense 5 is more about the act of requesting someone's presence.
    Sense 24 is more about being summoned for a specific role/duty.

    Is there a better sense?
    What about Sense 10? "utter a characteristic note or cry". No, that's for animals.
    What about Sense 25? "utter in a loud voice or announce". No.

    Let's compare Sense 5 and Sense 24 again.
    Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come"
    Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role"

    "Calling the faithful to evensong" is a traditional way of saying the bells are summoning people to a service. This fits "request or command to come" (Sense 5) or "summon... for a specific activity" (Sense 24).

    However, Sense 5 is the most basic "summon to come" sense. Sense 24 is more specialized (duty/role). Attending a church service is an activity, but "calling the faithful" is a classic example of summoning people to a place.

    Let's check if there are other options.
    Sense 7: "call a meeting; invite or command to meet". Evensong is a service, which is like a meeting of the faithful.

    Let's look at the WordNet hierarchy if possible (mentally).
    Call (summon) -> Sense 5.
    Call (summon for duty) -> Sense 24.
    Call (convoke) -> Sense 7.

    In the context of church bells, they are summoning people to come to the church. This is a request/command to come.

    Let's re-read Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come".
    Let's re-read Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".

    "The faithful" are being called to "evensong". Evensong is the activity.
    But "calling the faithful" is a general summons.

    Let's look at Sense 5 again. "Call the police!" (Requesting them to come).
    "She was called into the director's office" (Commanded to come).

    This seems to fit the action of the bells summoning people to the church.

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 24 again. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
    Examples: jury duty, active military duty. These are obligations.
    Evensong is a religious service. While it can be a duty, it's more of an invitation/summons to a gathering.

    Let's look at Sense 7: "call a meeting; invite or command to meet".
    Example: "The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss..."
    This is usually about the *organizer* calling the meeting, not the *signal* (bells) calling the people.

    So, Sense 5 seems the most plausible. It's the general "summon to come" sense.

    Wait, let me search for "bells calling the faithful".
    This is a very common expression. The bells "summon" or "call" the people.
    Summon = order, request, or command to come.

    Let's check if there's any other sense.
    Sense 10: "utter a characteristic note or cry". (No, that's for animals).
    Sense 25: "utter in a loud voice or announce". (No).

    Let's compare Sense 5 and Sense 24 one more time.
    Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come"
    Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role"

    If I have to choose the *best* one:
    Sense 5 is the most general "summon to come".
    Sense 24 is "summon for a duty/role".

    Is "evensong" a duty or role? It's a service.
    Is "the faithful" being called to a duty? In a religious sense, yes, but the bells are primarily signaling them to come to the church.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 5 again: "She was called into the director's office". This is a summons to a place for a purpose.
    The bells are a summons to a place (the church) for a purpose (evensong).

    This fits Sense 5 very well.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 24 again. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
    If "evensong" is the "activity", then Sense 24 could work.
    But "calling the faithful" is more about the act of summoning them to come.

    Let's think about the word "summon".
    Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come"
    Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role"

    Actually, Sense 5 is the most direct fit for "calling [someone] to [somewhere/something]".

    Let's double-check Sense 7: "call a meeting; invite or command to meet".
    "The bells are calling the faithful to evensong."
    Is the bell "calling a meeting"? No, the bell is the *means* of calling the people. The person who "calls the meeting" is the one who decides it will happen.

    So, Sense 5 is the strongest candidate.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 24 again. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
    If I search for "called to" in WordNet, Sense 24 often appears for "called to the bar", "called to the ministry", "called to duty". These are vocations or specific roles.
    "Calling the faithful to evensong" is not calling them to a vocation; it's calling them to a service.

    Therefore, Sense 5 is much better.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come".
    And Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
    And Sense 7: "call a meeting; invite or command to meet".

    Let's look at the context again: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
    The bells are the subject. The bells are "calling" (summoning) the people.
    This is a request/command to come.

    Let's check if there are any other senses.
    Sense 10: "utter a characteristic note or cry".
    Could the bells be "uttering a characteristic note"?
    "bluejays called to one another"
    The bells are making a sound, but they are calling *the faithful*, not calling *to* each other.

    Sense 25: "utter in a loud voice or announce".
    "He called my name".
    The bells aren't uttering a voice.

    So, Sense 5 remains the best.

    Wait, let me think about Sense 5 again. "order, request, or command to come".
    Is a bell "ordering, requesting, or commanding"?
    In a metaphorical or traditional sense, yes. The bells "call" the people to church.

    Let's double-check Sense 24 one more time. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
    If "evensong" is the "activity", this could fit.
    But "called to evensong" is more like "called to dinner" or "called to prayer".
    "Called to dinner" would be Sense 5 (request to come).

    Let's compare:
    "Call the police!" (Sense 5)
    "Call the faithful to evensong" (Sense 5)
    "Call him to active military duty" (Sense 24)

    The "military duty" is a role/duty. "Evensong" is a service/event.
    Sense 5 is the most general and fits best.