[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: Back
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. <t>Back</t> then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%4:02:04:: | definition=in or to or toward a former location | examples=she went back to her parents' house
2. sense_key=back%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or toward the back or rear | synonyms=backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards | examples=he moved back; tripped when he stepped backward
3. sense_key=back%4:02:05:: | definition=in or to or toward an original condition | examples=he went back to sleep
4. sense_key=back%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to or toward a past time | synonyms=backward | examples=set the clocks back an hour; never look back
5. sense_key=back%4:02:06:: | definition=in reply | examples=he wrote back three days later
6. sense_key=back%4:02:03:: | definition=in repayment or retaliation | examples=we paid back everything we had borrowed; he hit me and I hit him back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `back`
    *   Target surface form: `Back`
    *   Context: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s... <t>Back</t> then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes..."
    *   Target word: "Back" in "Back then".

    *   Sense 1: `back%4:02:04::` - in or to or toward a former location (e.g., "went back to her parents' house").
    *   Sense 2: `back%4:02:00::` - at or to or toward the back or rear (e.g., "moved back").
    *   Sense 3: `back%4:02:05::` - in or to or toward an original condition (e.g., "went back to sleep").
    *   Sense 4: `back%4:02:01::` - in or to or toward a past time (e.g., "set the clocks back an hour; never look back").
    *   Sense 5: `back%4:02:06::` - in reply (e.g., "wrote back").
    *   Sense 6: `back%4:02:03::` - in repayment or retaliation (e.g., "paid back").

    *   The phrase is "Back then".
    *   "Then" refers to a specific time in the past (the 1970s, mentioned in the previous sentence).
    *   "Back then" is a common idiomatic expression meaning "at that time in the past".
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 4: "in or to or toward a past time".

    *   Sense 1 (location) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (rear) - No.
    *   Sense 3 (original condition) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (past time) - Yes.
    *   Sense 5 (reply) - No.
    *   Sense 6 (repayment) - No.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: then
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back <t>then</t>, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "then"
    *   Target surface form: "then"
    *   Context: "Back <t>then</t>, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `then%4:02:00::`: subsequently or soon afterward (sequential).
        2.  `then%4:02:02::`: in that case or as a consequence (conditional/consequential).
        3.  `then%4:02:01::`: at that time (temporal reference to a specific point in the past/future).

    *   The sentence is: "Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes..."
    *   The phrase "Back then" refers to the time period mentioned previously: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s...".
    *   It indicates a specific time in the past.

    *   Sense 1: "subsequently or soon afterward" (e.g., "then he left"). This doesn't fit "Back then".
    *   Sense 2: "in that case or as a consequence" (e.g., "if he didn't take it, then who did?"). This doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 3: "at that time" (e.g., "I was young then; prices were lower back then"). This fits perfectly. The example "prices were lower back then" is almost identical in structure to "Back then, scientists had no way...".

    *   The best sense is index 3.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no <t>way</t> of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "way"
    *   Target surface form: "way"
    *   Context: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory. Back then, scientists had no <t>way</t> of ferreting out specific genes..."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "way" refers to a method, means, or procedure for achieving a goal (proving a theory, ferreting out genes).

    *   Sense 1: how something is done or how it happens (manner, mode, style, fashion).
    *   Sense 2: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved (means, agency).
    *   Sense 3: a line leading to a place or point (direction).
    *   Sense 4: the condition of things generally.
    *   Sense 5: a course of conduct (path, way of life).
    *   Sense 6: any artifact consisting of a road or path.
    *   Sense 7: a journey or passage.
    *   Sense 8: space for movement.
    *   Sense 9: the property of distance in general.
    *   Sense 10: doing as one pleases or chooses.
    *   Sense 11: a general category of things (in the way of).
    *   Sense 12: a portion of something divided into shares.

    *   The context "no way to prove" and "no way of ferreting out" clearly indicates a lack of *means* or *method* to achieve a specific result.
    *   Sense 1 (manner) is about *how* something is done (e.g., "in a rapid manner").
    *   Sense 2 (means) is about *how a result is obtained* (e.g., "a means of control").
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: "No way to prove" means "no means to prove." It's not about the *style* or *manner* of proving, but the *possibility/method* of doing it.

    *   Sense 2: "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: manner/style. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: means/agency. (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: direction. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: condition. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: course of conduct. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: road/path. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: journey. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 8: space. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 9: distance. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 10: choice. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 11: category. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 12: share. (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could <t>see</t> the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `see`
    *   Target surface form: `see`
    *   Context: "...scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could <t>see</t> the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes."

    *   The sentence describes scientists using a microscope to observe chromosomes.
    *   "under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes"
    *   This is a literal act of visual perception using an instrument (microscope).

    *   Sense 1: perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight. (Example: "Can you see the bird in that tree?") - *Strong candidate.*
    *   Sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally. (understand) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 3: perceive or be contemporaneous with. (witness) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 4: imagine; conceive of. (visualize) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 5: deem to be. (consider) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 6: get to know or become aware of. (learn) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 7: see or watch. (view a show) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 8: come together. (meet) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 9: find out, learn, or determine with certainty. (check) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 10: be careful or certain to do something. (ensure) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 11: go to see for professional reasons. (lawyer) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 12: go to see for a social visit. (friend) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 13: go to see a place. (visit) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 14: take charge of or deal with. (attend) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 15: receive as a specified guest. (doctor) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 16: date regularly. (go steady) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 17: see and understand, have a good eye. (artist) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 18: deliberate or decide. (let's see) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 19: observe as if with an eye. (camera) - *Incorrect (this is for inanimate objects like cameras).*
    *   Sense 20: observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect. (examine) - *Possible, but "see" here is more about the basic ability to perceive the chromosomes visually rather than a formal inspection process, although they are using a microscope. However, Sense 1 is the most fundamental meaning of visual perception.*
    *   Sense 21: go or live through. (experience) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 22: accompany or escort. (escort) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 23: match or meet. (bet) - *Incorrect.*
    *   Sense 24: make sense of; assign a meaning to. (interpret) - *Incorrect.*

    *   Sense 1: "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight"
    *   Sense 20: "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect"
    *   The context says "under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes". This describes the basic visual perception made possible by the microscope. While they are observing, the core meaning is that the chromosomes became visible to them. Sense 1 is the most direct fit for "perceive by sight".

    *   Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of perceiving something visually, especially when using a tool like a microscope to make it visible.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pair
Target surface form: pairs
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 <t>pairs</t> of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pair%1:14:01:: | definition=a set of two similar things considered as a unit | synonyms=brace
2. sense_key=pair%1:23:00:: | definition=two items of the same kind | synonyms=couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke
3. sense_key=pair%1:14:00:: | definition=two people considered as a unit
4. sense_key=pair%1:14:02:: | definition=a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pair`
    *   Target surface form: `pairs`
    *   Context: "...under a microscope they could see the 23 <t>pairs</t> of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `pair%1:14:01::`: a set of two similar things considered as a unit.
        2.  `pair%1:23:00::`: two items of the same kind.
        3.  `pair%1:14:00::`: two people considered as a unit.
        4.  `pair%1:14:02::`: a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value.

    *   The context refers to "23 pairs of chromosomes".
    *   Chromosomes in humans come in pairs (homologous chromosomes).
    *   This is a biological context where two similar things (chromosomes) are considered as a unit (a pair).

    *   Sense 3 (two people) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 (poker hand) is incorrect.
    *   Sense 1 (a set of two similar things considered as a unit) vs. Sense 2 (two items of the same kind).
    *   "23 pairs of chromosomes" describes the organizational unit of the genome. Each pair consists of two homologous chromosomes.
    *   Sense 1 emphasizes the "unit" aspect ("considered as a unit").
    *   Sense 2 emphasizes the "two items" aspect.
    *   In biology, "pairs of chromosomes" refers to the sets of two.
    *   Looking at WordNet's typical distinctions:
        *   `pair%1:14:01` (set of two similar things considered as a unit) often applies to things like "a pair of shoes" or "a pair of chromosomes".
        *   `pair%1:23:00` (two items of the same kind) is more general.
    *   Comparing "a set of two similar things considered as a unit" (1) and "two items of the same kind" (2).
    *   Chromosomes are homologous (similar), and they are grouped as pairs.
    *   Usually, "pair" in the sense of "a pair of [plural noun]" (like shoes, socks, chromosomes) fits the "set of two... considered as a unit" definition better.

    *   Sense 1: "a set of two similar things considered as a unit"
    *   Sense 2: "two items of the same kind"
    *   In "23 pairs of chromosomes", we are talking about 23 distinct sets, each containing two chromosomes. This fits the "set of two... considered as a unit" (Sense 1) very well.

    *   Sense 1: `pair%1:14:01`
    *   Sense 2: `pair%1:23:00`
    *   Sense 3: `pair%1:14:00`
    *   Sense 4: `pair%1:14:02`
    *   The target is "pairs of chromosomes". This is a classic example of a set of two similar things considered as a unit.

    *   Wait, let me double-check the difference between 1 and 2.
    *   Sense 1: "a set of two similar things considered as a unit" (e.g., a pair of scissors, a pair of shoes).
    *   Sense 2: "two items of the same kind" (e.g., a pair of aces).
    *   Chromosomes are homologous, meaning they are the same kind/similar.
    *   Actually, "a pair of chromosomes" is more like "a pair of shoes" (Sense 1) than "a pair of aces" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: `pair%1:14:01`
    *   Sense 2: `pair%1:23:00`
    *   Sense 3: `pair%1:14:00`
    *   Sense 4: `pair%1:14:02`
    *   The index for `pair%1:14:01` is 1.
    *   The index for `pair%1:23:00` is 2.
    *   The index for `pair%1:14:00` is 3.
    *   The index for `pair%1:14:02` is 4.

    *   Wait, let me re-read the candidate senses provided in the prompt:
        1. sense_key=pair%1:14:01:: | definition=a set of two similar things considered as a unit
        2. sense_key=pair%1:23:00:: | definition=two items of the same kind
        3. sense_key=pair%1:14:00:: | definition=two people considered as a unit
        4. sense_key=pair%1:14:02:: | definition=a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value

    *   "23 pairs of chromosomes" -> 23 sets of two similar things considered as a unit. This is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the <t>cells</t> that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cell`
    *   Target surface form: `cells`
    *   Context: "...under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the <t>cells</t> that contain the genes."
    *   Key clues: "microscope", "chromosomes", "genes", "biology/genetics context" (cancer, tumor-suppressor genes, retinoblastoma).

    *   Sense 1: any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb) - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms... - Correct.
    *   Sense 3: electric current device - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: political movement unit - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: mobile phone - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: monk/nun room - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: prisoner room - Incorrect.

    *   The context explicitly mentions chromosomes and genes, which are located within biological cells. The use of a microscope further confirms this. Sense 2 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contain
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that <t>contain</t> the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's
2. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
3. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
4. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
5. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
6. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `contain`
    *   Target surface form: `contain`
    *   Context: "...under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that <t>contain</t> the genes."
    *   Meaning: The cells have the genes inside them.

    *   Sense 1: `include or contain; have as a component` (incorporate, comprise). Example: "The record contains many old songs."
    *   Sense 2: `contain or hold; have within` (hold, bear, carry). Example: "The jar carries wine."
    *   Sense 3: `lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint` (control, curb). Example: "moderate your alcohol intake."
    *   Sense 4: `be divisible by`. Example: "24 contains 6."
    *   Sense 5: `be capable of holding or containing` (take, hold). Example: "The flask holds one gallon."
    *   Sense 6: `hold back, as of a danger or an enemy` (check, stop). Example: "Check the growth of communism."

    *   The context is biological: "cells that contain the genes."
    *   Genes are physically located inside cells (specifically within the nucleus/chromosomes).
    *   Sense 1 (include/component) vs. Sense 2 (hold/have within).
    *   Sense 1 is often used for abstract collections or components of a whole (e.g., a book contains chapters).
    *   Sense 2 is often used for physical containment (e.g., a jar contains wine).
    *   In "cells that contain the genes," the cells are the physical containers for the genetic material.

    *   Sense 1: "include or contain; have as a component"
    *   Sense 2: "contain or hold; have within"
    *   Comparing "cells contain genes" to "jar carries wine" (Sense 2) vs "record contains songs" (Sense 1).
    *   Genes are physically inside the cells. This fits "have within" (Sense 2) very well.
    *   However, in many linguistic datasets (like WordNet), "contain" in the sense of "having as a part" (Sense 1) and "holding inside" (Sense 2) can be subtle.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: incorporate, comprise.
        *   Sense 2: hold, bear, carry.
    *   "Cells hold the genes" or "Cells have the genes within them" fits better than "Cells comprise the genes" (which would mean the cells are made of genes, which is true in a way, but the sentence is about location/containment).

    *   Sense 2: "contain or hold; have within"
    *   Context: "cells that contain the genes" -> "cells that have the genes within [them]". This is a perfect fit.

    *   Sense 1: "include or contain; have as a component"
    *   Sense 2: "contain or hold; have within"
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. Is a gene a "component" of a cell? Yes. Is it "within" a cell? Yes.
    *   Usually, "contain" meaning "to have as a part" (Sense 1) is used for things like "The team contains three experts" or "The book contains five chapters."
    *   "Contain" meaning "to hold within" (Sense 2) is used for physical containment like "The box contains toys" or "The cell contains the nucleus."
    *   Genes are physically located inside the cell. Sense 2 is the most precise for physical containment.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: gross
Target surface form: gross
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, <t>gross</t> chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=gross%3:00:00:: | definition=before any deductions | examples=gross income
2. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:general:00 | definition=lacking fine distinctions or detail | examples=the gross details of the structure appear reasonable
3. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:fat:01 | definition=repellently fat | synonyms=porcine | examples=a bald porcine old man
4. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:visible:00 | definition=visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features) | synonyms=megascopic
5. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:unmitigated:00 | definition=without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers | synonyms=arrant, complete, consummate, double-dyed, everlasting, perfect | examples=an arrant fool; a complete coward
6. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:indecent:00 | definition=conspicuously and tastelessly indecent | synonyms=crude, earthy, vulgar | examples=coarse language; a crude joke
7. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:conspicuous:00 | definition=conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible | synonyms=crying, egregious, flagrant, glaring, rank | examples=a crying shame; an egregious lie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `gross`
    *   Target surface form: `gross`
    *   Context: "Occasionally, <t>gross</t> chromosome damage was visible."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses genetic defects, chromosomes, and microscopes. It mentions that scientists couldn't find specific genes but could see chromosomes under a microscope.

    *   Sense 1: `before any deductions` (e.g., gross income) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: `lacking fine distinctions or detail` (e.g., gross details of the structure) - Possible, but usually refers to a general overview.
    *   Sense 3: `repellently fat` - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: `visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)` - Synonyms: `megascopic`. In biology/medicine, "gross" often refers to things visible without high magnification (though the text mentions a microscope, "gross chromosome damage" usually refers to large-scale changes visible at the chromosomal level, as opposed to point mutations).
    *   Sense 5: `without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers` (e.g., arrant fool) - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: `conspicuously and tastelessly indecent` - Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: `conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible` (e.g., egregious lie) - Not applicable.

    *   The sentence says: "Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes... Occasionally, <t>gross</t> chromosome damage was visible."
    *   The contrast is between "specific genes" (molecular level, not visible) and "chromosomes" (larger structures, visible under a microscope).
    *   In medical/biological terminology, "gross" refers to large-scale structures or changes that are visible without high-power magnification (gross anatomy vs. histology).
    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)". While a microscope is used here, in the context of genetics, "gross chromosomal abnormalities" are those visible under a light microscope (karyotyping), as opposed to submicroscopic changes.
    *   Sense 2 ("lacking fine distinctions or detail") is close, but Sense 4 is the specific technical meaning used in anatomy and biology.

    *   Sense 4: "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)".
    *   Wait, the text says "under a microscope they could see... gross chromosome damage was visible."
    *   If it's under a microscope, is it "visible to the naked eye"?
    *   In medical terminology, "gross" often means "visible without a microscope" (gross pathology). However, in the context of chromosomes, "gross" refers to changes large enough to be seen on a karyotype (which requires a microscope, but is the "gross" level of genetic analysis compared to DNA sequencing).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "lacking fine distinctions or detail".
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)".
    *   Actually, in the context of "gross anatomy" or "gross pathology", it means visible without a microscope. But "gross chromosomal damage" is a standard term for large-scale changes.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 4:
        *   Sense 2: "lacking fine distinctions or detail"
        *   Sense 4: "visible to the naked eye"
    *   If the text says "under a microscope they could see... gross chromosome damage", it implies that the damage was large enough to be seen at that level of magnification, whereas "specific genes" were not.
    *   In many dictionaries, "gross" in a medical context means "visible to the naked eye". If the author says "under a microscope... gross damage was visible", they are using "gross" to mean "large-scale" or "obvious".
    *   Is "gross" in "gross chromosome damage" more like "lacking fine detail" (Sense 2) or "visible to the naked eye" (Sense 4)?
    *   Actually, in biology, "gross" is the opposite of "microscopic". If they are using a microscope to see chromosomes, the chromosomes themselves are microscopic. But "gross" damage to those chromosomes means damage that is large enough to be seen *at that level of magnification*.
    *   Let's check the definition of "gross" in a medical dictionary: "of or relating to the anatomy of the body as seen by the naked eye".
    *   If the damage is visible *under a microscope*, it's technically not visible to the naked eye.
    *   However, Sense 2 ("lacking fine distinctions or detail") fits the idea of "large-scale" or "general".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "the gross details of the structure appear reasonable". This fits the idea of seeing the overall structure rather than the fine details (like specific genes).

    *   "Gross" in "gross chromosomal abnormalities" refers to changes that can be seen using standard light microscopy (karyotyping), as opposed to "microdeletions" or "point mutations".
    *   Does this align better with "visible to the naked eye" (Sense 4) or "lacking fine distinctions or detail" (Sense 2)?
    *   Sense 4 is the standard definition for "gross" in anatomy (gross anatomy).
    *   Sense 2 is a more general meaning of "gross" (general, not detailed).
    *   Given the options, Sense 4 is the technical term for "large-scale/visible" in biological contexts, even if the "naked eye" part is slightly off because chromosomes always require a microscope. In the hierarchy of genetic observation, karyotyping is the "gross" level.

    *   Sense 2: "lacking fine distinctions or detail"
    *   Sense 4: "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)"
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one: "Gross chromosome damage" is a technical term. In medical terminology, "gross" means "visible to the naked eye". When applied to chromosomes, it means "visible under a light microscope" (the lowest magnification used for chromosomes).
    *   Let's look at the context again: "scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes... Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible."
    *   The contrast is between "specific genes" (molecular) and "chromosomes" (gross).
    *   This strongly points to the technical meaning of "gross" as "large-scale/visible".

    *   Sense 4 is the specific biological/anatomical sense.
    *   Sense 2 is a general sense.
    *   In the context of "gross anatomy" or "gross pathology", it means visible without a microscope.
    *   In the context of "gross chromosomal abnormalities", it means visible under a light microscope.
    *   Both are the same *category* of meaning (large-scale vs. microscopic/molecular).
    *   Sense 4's definition "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)" is the closest match to this technical usage.

    *   Sense 2: "lacking fine distinctions or detail"
    *   Sense 4: "visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features)"
    *   If the text says "under a microscope... gross chromosome damage was visible", it's using "gross" to mean "large-scale".
    *   Is "large-scale" closer to "lacking fine detail" or "visible to the naked eye"?
    *   In medical terms, "gross" = "macroscopic".
    *   "Macroscopic" = "visible to the naked eye".
    *   Even though chromosomes aren't visible to the naked eye, "gross" is used here in the same way "macroscopic" is used in other contexts—to denote the largest scale of observation available for that object.

    *   Sense 4 is the most likely intended sense because it's the technical term used in biology/medicine for "large-scale/visible".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome <t>damage</t> was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damage`
    *   Target surface form: `damage`
    *   Context: "Occasionally, gross chromosome <t>damage</t> was visible."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussing genetic defects, tumor-suppressor genes, damaged copies of genes, and chromosomes.

    *   Sense 1: `damage%1:11:00::` | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment.
    *   Sense 2: `damage%1:11:01::` | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty.
    *   Sense 3: `damage%1:04:00::` | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe.
    *   Sense 4: `damage%1:21:00::` | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms.
    *   Sense 5: `damage%1:04:01::` | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury.

    *   The context is biological/genetic: "gross chromosome damage was visible."
    *   This refers to the *state* or *occurrence* of impairment/harm to the chromosomes, not the *act* of damaging them (Sense 3), military loss (Sense 2), price (Sense 4), or legal injury (Sense 5).
    *   Sense 1 ("the occurrence of a change for the worse", synonyms: "harm, impairment") fits best. "Chromosome damage" means the chromosomes have been impaired or changed for the worse.

    *   Sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse" (impairment).
    *   Sense 3: "the act of damaging something or someone".
    *   In "gross chromosome damage was visible", "damage" refers to the result/state of being damaged (the impairment), not the action of damaging.

    *   Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: visible
Target surface form: visible
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was <t>visible</t>. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=visible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of being seen; or open to easy view | synonyms=seeable | examples=a visible object; visible stars
2. sense_key=visible%5:00:00:overt:00 | definition=obvious to the eye | examples=a visible change of expression
3. sense_key=visible%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=present and easily available | examples=the cash on hand is adequate for current needs; emergency police were on hand in case of trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `visible`
    *   Target surface form: `visible`
    *   Context: "Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was <t>visible</t>."
    *   Contextual clues: "under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes", "gross chromosome damage".

    *   Sense 1: `capable of being seen; or open to easy view` (Synonym: seeable; Examples: a visible object; visible stars).
    *   Sense 2: `obvious to the eye` (Example: a visible change of expression).
    *   Sense 3: `present and easily available` (Example: cash on hand).

    *   The text describes scientists looking under a microscope at chromosomes.
    *   "Gross chromosome damage" refers to large-scale structural changes that can be seen visually.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the basic ability to be seen (perceptibility).
    *   Sense 2 refers to being "obvious" or "apparent" (often used for changes or signs).
    *   Sense 3 is about availability (not applicable here).

    *   Is it "capable of being seen" (Sense 1) or "obvious to the eye" (Sense 2)?
    *   In the context of microscopy, "visible" usually means that the object is large enough or distinct enough to be detected by the eye/instrument.
    *   "Gross chromosome damage" means the damage is large enough to be seen.
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and direct meaning of "capable of being seen".
    *   Sense 2 ("obvious to the eye") often implies a change or a manifestation of something else (like an expression).
    *   Looking at the examples: "visible stars" (Sense 1) vs "visible change of expression" (Sense 2). Chromosome damage being visible under a microscope is more like "visible stars" (it can be seen) than a "change of expression" (though it is a change, the focus is on the physical visibility).

    *   Sense 1: capable of being seen.
    *   Sense 2: obvious to the eye.
    *   In scientific contexts, "visible" usually maps to the basic sense of being detectable by sight.

    *   Sense 1: `visible%3:00:00::` (capable of being seen)
    *   Sense 2: `visible%5:00:00:overt:00` (obvious to the eye)
    *   The phrase "gross chromosome damage was visible" means it could be seen under the microscope. This fits Sense 1 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: capable of being seen.
    *   Sense 2: obvious to the eye.
    *   Wait, "gross" in "gross chromosome damage" means large-scale. If it's large-scale, it's "obvious" or "easily seen".
    *   However, Sense 1 includes "open to easy view".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "obvious to the eye".
    *   Usually, "visible" in the sense of "can be seen" is Sense 1. "Visible" in the sense of "apparent/obvious" is Sense 2.
    *   In "gross chromosome damage was visible", the damage is physically there and can be seen. This is the primary meaning of visible.

    *   Sense 1: `visible%3:00:00::` (capable of being seen)
    *   Sense 2: `visible%5:00:00:overt:00` (obvious to the eye)
    *   Looking at the examples again: "visible stars" (Sense 1) vs "visible change of expression" (Sense 2).
    *   Chromosome damage is a physical entity/state. "Visible stars" are physical entities. "Change of expression" is a manifestation.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson <t>found</t> that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `find`
    *   Target surface form: `found`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson <t>found</t> that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease."
    *   Surrounding context: Dr. Knudson had a theory ("two-hit theory"). He used a microscope to look at chromosomes. He observed that some children had a missing bit of chromosome 13.

    *   Sense 1: come upon by accident (not this).
    *   Sense 2: discover or determine existence/presence/fact (detect, observe, discover, notice). Example: "found traces of lead".
    *   Sense 3: come upon after searching (lost/missed items) (not this).
    *   Sense 4: establish after calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain). Example: "physicist who found the elusive particle".
    *   Sense 5: believe based on emotion/intuition (not this).
    *   Sense 6: perceive or be contemporaneous with (not this).
    *   Sense 7: get something for a specific purpose (not this).
    *   Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding (discover). Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays".
    *   Sense 9: make a discovery (discover). Example: "She found that he had lied to her".
    *   Sense 10: obtain through effort (not this).
    *   Sense 11: decide/declare (legal) (not this).
    *   Sense 12: receive treatment (not this).
    *   Sense 13: perceive oneself in a condition (not this).
    *   Sense 14: recover (not this).
    *   Sense 15: succeed in reaching (not this).
    *   Sense 16: find oneself (not this).

    *   The context describes a scientific process: theorizing, using a microscope to observe chromosomes, and then arriving at a conclusion/discovery based on those observations.
    *   "Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited a damaged copy..."
    *   This is a scientific discovery/determination.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2, 4, 8, and 9.
        *   Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe).
        *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (determine, find out, ascertain).
        *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (discover).
        *   Sense 9: "make a discovery" (discover). Example: "She found that he had lied to her".

    *   Sense 4 specifically mentions "investigation, experiment, survey, or study". Dr. Knudson's work was a scientific investigation.
    *   Sense 2 is more about detecting a physical presence ("traces of lead").
    *   Sense 8 and 9 are general "discoveries".
    *   Looking at the sentence: "Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited...". This is a conclusion drawn from his observations under the microscope.
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 9 again: "She found that he had lied to her". This matches the "found that [clause]" structure.
    *   Let's look at Sense 4 again: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize". This is a scientific discovery.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "We found traces of lead in the paint". This is observing a fact.

    *   Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    *   Sense 9: "make a discovery" (Example: "She found that he had lied to her").
    *   Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays").

    In scientific contexts, "found that [clause]" often aligns with Sense 4 (establishing a fact through study) or Sense 9 (discovering a fact). However, Sense 4's definition "establish after a... investigation" is very precise for a scientist using a microscope to prove a theory.

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". This also fits.

    Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 9 again.
    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
    Sense 9: "make a discovery" (Example: "She found that he had lied to her")

    The context is: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory... Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited a damaged copy..."
    This is the result of his investigation to prove his theory.

    Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "find the product of two numbers", "The physicist who found the elusive particle".
    Example for Sense 9: "She found that he had lied to her", "The story is false, so far as I can discover".

    The structure "found that [clause]" is very common for Sense 9. But the *nature* of the discovery is scientific.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". Synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice.
    "Dr. Knudson found [observed/detected] that some children... had inherited a damaged copy... Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing."

    Actually, the sentence "Dr. Knudson found that..." is followed by "Under a microscope he could actually see...". This suggests that the "finding" was the result of the "seeing" (observing).

    Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (synonyms: detect, observe).
    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".

    If he "found that some children... had inherited", he determined a fact through his investigation.

    Let's check Sense 9 again. "She found that he had lied to her." This is discovering a fact, but not necessarily through a formal study.

    Let's check Sense 8. "Roentgen discovered X-rays." This is a major scientific discovery.

    Comparing 2, 4, 8, 9:
    2: detect/observe a fact.
    4: establish a fact via study.
    8: make a major discovery.
    9: discover a fact.

    The context says "there was no way to prove... but... Dr. Knudson found that...". This implies he established the fact through his investigation (using the microscope).

    Let's look at the WordNet sense keys provided:
    find%2:32:00 (Sense 4)
    find%2:39:02 (Sense 2)
    find%2:36:00 (Sense 8)
    find%2:31:09 (Sense 9)

    In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "found that [clause]" in a scientific context often maps to the sense of "determine/establish" (Sense 4).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    Example: "We found traces of lead in the paint". (This is finding a physical thing).
    The target sentence is "found that some children... had inherited...". This is a fact/conclusion.

    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    Example: "The physicist who found the elusive particle".

    Sense 9: "make a discovery".
    Example: "She found that he had lied to her".

    The distinction between 4 and 9 is often that 4 is more formal/methodological. Dr. Knudson's work was a formal scientific investigation.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    If he "found that some children... had inherited", he determined the fact of their inheritance.

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: "determine, find out, ascertain".
    "Dr. Knudson ascertained/determined that some children... had inherited..."

    Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "detect, observe, discover, notice".
    "Dr. Knudson observed/detected that some children... had inherited..."

    The sentence "Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing" strongly supports "observe" or "detect".

    However, "found that [clause]" is a very strong indicator for "determine/ascertain" (Sense 4) or "discover" (Sense 9).

    Let's re-read: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory... Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited..."
    This "finding" is the evidence that *proved* the theory. This points toward Sense 4 (establish after investigation).

    Let's double-check Sense 9 again. "She found that he had lied to her." This is a discovery of a fact, but not necessarily a scientific one.

    Let's double-check Sense 8. "Roentgen discovered X-rays." This is a discovery of a new phenomenon.

    Between 2 and 4:
    Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of"
    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

    The context is a scientific study. "establish after... investigation" (Sense 4) fits perfectly.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 2's examples again: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint". These are about detecting a substance.
    The target sentence is "found that some children... had inherited...". This is a conclusion about a biological fact.

    Let's look at Sense 4's examples: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle".

    Let's look at Sense 9's examples: "She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover".

    Actually, "found that [clause]" is the classic pattern for Sense 9 (find%2:31:09). Let me re-examine that.
    Sense 9: "make a discovery" (synonym: discover). Example: "She found that he had lied to her".
    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain).

    Is "found that some children... had inherited" more like "found that he had lied" (Sense 9) or "found the elusive particle" (Sense 4)?

    The "found that [clause]" structure is very common in both. But Sense 4's "establish after... investigation" is a more precise description of the scientific process described.

    Let's search for "found that" in scientific papers. It almost always means "determined" or "discovered".

    Let's look at the options again.
    Sense 2: discover/determine existence/presence/fact.
    Sense 4: establish after investigation.
    Sense 8: make a discovery (new finding).
    Sense 9: make a discovery.

    This is tricky. Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 2: detect, observe, discover, notice.
    Sense 4: determine, find out, ascertain.
    Sense 8: discover.
    Sense 9: discover.

    If I replace "found" with the synonyms:
    Sense 2: "Dr. Knudson observed that some children..." (Fits well)
    Sense 4: "Dr. Knudson determined that some children..." (Fits well)
    Sense 9: "Dr. Knudson discovered that some children..." (Fits well)

    Wait, the context says "Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing." This means the "finding" was based on "seeing". "Seeing" is "observing".

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice".

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain".

    The "two-hit theory" was the "investigation/study" part. The "finding" was the result.

    Let's try to find this specific text or similar examples. This looks like it's from a science book. In such contexts, "found that" often means "discovered that" or "determined that".

    Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 9 one more time.
    Sense 4: establish after investigation.
    Sense 9: make a discovery.

    Sense 4 is more specific to the *process* (investigation), while Sense 9 is more general. Given the context of a scientist proving a theory, Sense 4 seems more appropriate.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 2 again. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    "Dr. Knudson found [determined the fact] that some children... had inherited a damaged copy..."

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint". These are about detecting the *presence* of something.
    In the target sentence, he found that children *had inherited* something. This is a fact about their genetic makeup.

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
    This fits the scientific context perfectly.

    Let's look at Sense 9 again: "make a discovery". Example: "She found that he had lied to her". This is a discovery of a fact, but not necessarily through a formal study.

    If the choice is between a general "discovery" (Sense 9) and a "determination after investigation" (Sense 4), the latter is more precise for a scientist.

    Wait, I just noticed Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".
    This is also very close. But Sense 8 is usually for a *new* thing (X-rays, a new particle), whereas Sense 4 is for *establishing a fact* (the product of two numbers, the result of a study).

    "Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited a damaged copy..." is establishing a fact about the children's chromosomes.

    Let's re-read the context one more time.
    "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory... Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited a damaged copy..."
    This "finding" is the evidence that *proved* the theory.

    This strongly points to Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    If he "found that some children... had inherited", he determined the fact of their inheritance.
    But Sense 4's "establish after... investigation" is even more specific to the scientific context.

    Let's compare Sense 4 and Sense 2 again.
    Sense 2: detect, observe, discover, notice.
    Sense 4: determine, find out, ascertain.

    "Dr. Knudson determined that some children..." vs "Dr. Knudson observed that some children...".
    Both work, but "determined" (Sense 4) often follows from "observed" (Sense 2).
    "Under a microscope he could actually see [observe] that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing."
    This observation led him to "find" (determine/establish) that the children had inherited the damaged copy.

    Therefore, Sense 4 is the most complete description of the action.

    Wait, let me look at Sense 9 one more time. "She found that he had lied to her."
    This is a very common use of "found that". Let me see if "found that" is more common in Sense 4 or Sense 9.
    Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
    Sense 9: "make a discovery"

    Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "found that [clause]" is often mapped to Sense 9 (find%2:31:09) when it means "discovered that". Let me re-examine Sense 9.
    Sense 9: "make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover"

    Let's look at Sense 4 again: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

    The physicist "found the elusive particle" (direct object).
    The woman "found that he had lied" (that-clause).

    Does Sense 4 also take that-clauses? "The study found that the drug was effective." Yes, it does.

    Let's compare:
    Sense 4: establish after investigation.
    Sense 9: make a discovery.

    The context is a scientific investigation. Sense 4 is more specific.

    Let's look at Sense 2 again: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    Example: "We found traces of lead in the paint". (Direct object).

    Let's look at Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding".
    Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays". (Direct object).

    So, Sense 4 and Sense 9 are the strongest candidates for "found that [clause]".
    Sense 4: establish after investigation.
    Sense 9: make a discovery.

    Given the context of a scientist proving a theory through microscopic observation, "establish after investigation" (Sense 4) is a better fit than the more general "make a discovery" (Sense 9).

    Wait, let me search for "find" in a WordNet-based sense inventory.
    find%2:31:09 (Sense 9) is often "discover".
    find%2:32:00 (Sense 4) is often "determine".

    "Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited..."
    Could be "discovered that" or "determined that".
    But the context "there was no way to prove... but... Dr. Knudson found that..." strongly suggests "determined/established".

    Let's double-check the examples for Sense 4 again: "find the product of two numbers", "The physicist who found the elusive particle".
    And Sense 9: "She found that he had lied to her".

    If I have to choose the *single best* sense, and the context is a scientific study, Sense 4's "establish after... investigation" is the most precise.

    Let me just quickly check Sense 2 one more time. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
    If he "found that some children... had inherited", he determined the fact of their inheritance.
    But Sense 2's synonyms are "detect, observe, discover, notice".
    The sentence "Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing" is the *observation* (Sense 2) that led to the *finding* (Sense 4).

    So:
    Observation (Sense 2): "he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing"
    Finding (Sense 4): "Dr. Knudson found that some children... had inherited a damaged copy"

    This makes Sense 4 the most likely answer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some <t>children</t> with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `child`
    *   Target surface form: `children`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson found that some <t>children</t> with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `child%1:18:00`: a young person of either sex (kid, youngster, minor).
        2.  `child%1:18:01`: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
        3.  `child%1:18:06`: an immature childish person.
        4.  `child%1:18:07`: a member of a clan or tribe.

    *   The context discusses eye cancer in infants/children and the inheritance of damaged genes from parents.
    *   "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent..."
    *   The focus is on the age/stage of life (infants/children) and the biological relationship (offspring).
    *   Sense 1 refers to age (young person).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the relationship (offspring of any age).
    *   In the context of "infant inherited... from one parent" and "children with the eye cancer had inherited... from a parent", both age and offspring status are relevant. However, "children with the eye cancer" usually refers to the age group (pediatric patients).
    *   Let's look closer: "an infant inherited... some children with the eye cancer". The text is describing a medical condition affecting young people.
    *   Sense 1: "a young person of either sex".
    *   Sense 2: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age".
    *   While they are offspring, the primary descriptor here is their age/stage of development (infants/children), which is typical for this type of cancer (retinoblastoma).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2:
        *   Sense 1 is about age.
        *   Sense 2 is about kinship.
        *   The sentence "some children with the eye cancer" emphasizes the group of young patients.

    *   "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited..."
    *   "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer..."
    *   The word "infant" in the first sentence strongly suggests that "children" in the later sentence refers to the age group.

    *   Sense 1: young person.
    *   Sense 2: offspring.
    *   In medical contexts, "children" usually refers to the age group (pediatrics).

    *   Sense 1: a young person of either sex.
    *   Sense 2: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
    *   The context mentions "inherited... from a parent", which highlights the offspring relationship. However, the phrase "children with the eye cancer" is a description of the patients.
    *   Usually, if the focus is on the relationship, it would be "the children of the patient". Here it is "children with the eye cancer". This points more towards the age-based definition.

    *   Sense 1: young person.
    *   Sense 2: offspring.
    *   If I say "children with cancer", I mean young people with cancer.
    *   If I say "the children of the patient", I mean the offspring.
    *   The sentence is "some children with the eye cancer had inherited...". The "inherited" part explains *why* they have it, but the "children with the eye cancer" part identifies the group by age.

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting for "children with the eye cancer".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the <t>eye</t> cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `eye`
    *   Target surface form: `eye`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the <t>eye</t> cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `eye%1:08:00::`: the organ of sight
        2.  `eye%1:09:00::`: good discernment
        3.  `eye%1:09:01::`: attention to what is seen
        4.  `eye%1:15:00::`: an area that is approximately central
        5.  `eye%1:06:00::`: a small hole or loop

    *   The phrase is "eye cancer".
    *   Cancer in the "eye" refers to the biological organ used for seeing.
    *   This matches sense 1: "the organ of sight".

    *   Sense 1: Organ of sight (Correct)
    *   Sense 2: Discernment (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Attention (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 4: Center (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: Small hole (Incorrect)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye <t>cancer</t> had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene... The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged... Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye <t>cancer</t> had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context mentions "eye cancer", "tumor", "damaged copy of a gene", "chromosome No. 13", and "disease".
    *   This clearly refers to a medical condition involving malignant growth.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - No.
    *   Sense 3: Constellation - No.
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign - No.
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs - No.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had <t>inherited</t> a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherited`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had <t>inherited</t> a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `obtain from someone after their death` (e.g., castle)
        2.  `receive from a predecessor` (e.g., problems from previous chair)
        3.  `receive by genetic transmission` (e.g., eyesight from mother)

    *   The sentence discusses "eye cancer," "damaged copy of chromosome No. 13," and "from a parent."
    *   This clearly refers to biological/genetic transmission.

    *   Sense 1: Death/Property (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Predecessor/Abstract (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Genetic transmission (Correct)

    *   The best sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a <t>damaged</t> copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a <t>damaged</t> copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).

    *   The context describes a biological/genetic situation: "damaged copy of chromosome No. 13", "a bit of chromosome 13 was missing".
    *   This refers to physical or structural impairment of a biological entity (a chromosome).

    *   Sense 1: "harmed or injured or spoiled". This fits the physical/structural impairment of a chromosome (missing a piece).
    *   Sense 2: "being unjustly brought into disrepute" (discredited). This refers to reputation and is completely irrelevant to chromosomes.

    *   Sense 1 is the only logical choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged <t>copy</t> of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `copy`
    *   Target surface form: `copy`
    *   Context: "Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged <t>copy</t> of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease."
    *   Other mentions of "copy" in the text: "inherited a damaged copy of a gene", "normal copy from the other", "second, normal copy also was damaged".

    *   Sense 1: `copy%1:10:00::` - a reproduction of a written record (e.g., of a legal or school record). (Incorrect: Chromosomes are not written records).
    *   Sense 2: `copy%1:06:00::` - a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. (Example: "the clone was a copy of its ancestor"). (Correct: In genetics, a copy of a gene or chromosome refers to one of the identical or near-identical versions of that genetic sequence).
    *   Sense 3: `copy%1:10:01::` - matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials. (Incorrect: Not about printing).
    *   Sense 4: `copy%1:10:02::` - material suitable for a journalistic account. (Incorrect: Not about journalism).

    *   The context describes biological inheritance of genes and chromosomes.
    *   A "copy" of a chromosome refers to one of the two homologous chromosomes (one from each parent).
    *   Sense 2 ("a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing") fits best, especially given the example "the clone was a copy of its ancestor," which is biological in nature.