[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bush_administration
Target surface form: Bush administration
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than <t>Bush administration</t> officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive under President George H. W. Bush
2. sense_key=bush_administration%1:14:01:: | definition=the executive under President George W. Bush

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bush_administration`
    *   Target surface form: "Bush administration"
    *   Context: The text discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, and the Obama administration taking a harder line with China than the "Bush administration" did "just two years ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `bush_administration%1:14:00`: the executive under President George H. W. Bush (father)
        2.  `bush_administration%1:14:01`: the executive under President George W. Bush (son)

    *   The text mentions the "Obama administration."
    *   It says the Obama administration is taking a harder line than the "Bush administration" did "just two years ago."
    *   Barack Obama took office in January 2009.
    *   Two years prior to 2009 (or shortly before Obama's term) was the administration of George W. Bush (2001-2009).
    *   George H. W. Bush served from 1989-1993.

    *   The "Bush administration" referred to as being "just two years ago" relative to the Obama administration is clearly George W. Bush's administration.

    *   Sense 1: George H. W. Bush
    *   Sense 2: George W. Bush
    *   The correct sense is Sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `official`
    *   Target surface form: `officials`
    *   Context: "...the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `official%1:18:01::`: a worker who holds or is invested with an office (synonym: functionary).
        2.  `official%1:18:00::`: someone who administers the rules of a game or sport.

    *   The word "officials" refers to people within the "Bush administration".
    *   The Bush administration is a government body.
    *   People working in a government administration are government workers/functionaries.
    *   They are not referees or sports officials.

    *   Sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office" (fits government officials).
    *   Sense 2: "someone who administers the rules of a game or sport" (does not fit).

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `year`
    *   Target surface form: `years`
    *   Context: "...The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `year%1:28:01::`: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (twelvemonth, yr). Example: "she is 4 years old; in the year 1920".
        2.  `year%1:28:02::`: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity. Example: "a school year".
        3.  `year%1:28:00::`: the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun. Example: "a Martian year takes 687 of our days".
        4.  `year%1:14:00::`: a body of students who graduate together (class). Example: "the class of '97".

    *   The phrase is "just two years ago".
    *   This refers to a duration of time (2 * 365 days) relative to the present or a specific point in time.
    *   It is not referring to a school year (sense 2), a planetary orbit (sense 3), or a graduating class (sense 4).
    *   It fits the definition of a standard calendar year (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days". This matches "two years ago".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, the Obama administration, U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern, and negotiations with China.

    *   Sense 1: `united_states%1:15:00::` - North American republic containing 50 states (the country/geopolitical entity).
    *   Sense 2: `united_states%1:14:00::` - The executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (the government).

    *   The sentence is: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   In this context, "The United States" refers to the entity negotiating a deal (the government/administration), not the physical landmass or the general population of the republic.
    *   The context mentions "the Obama administration," "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern," and "America's top climate negotiator."
    *   When a country is described as "doing a deal" in an international diplomatic context, it almost always refers to the government of that country.

    *   Sense 1 is the country as a whole.
    *   Sense 2 is the government.
    *   The action "do a deal" is a function of the government.

    *   Sense 2 is the most precise fit for the context of diplomatic negotiations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `deal`
    *   Target surface form: `deal`
    *   Context: "The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, pledges, and negotiations between the US, EU, and China.

    *   Sense 1: `deal%1:04:02` - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal).
    *   Sense 2: `deal%1:10:00` - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain).
    *   Sense 3: `deal%1:23:00` - a large number or amount or extent (batch, flock, good deal).
    *   Sense 4: `deal%1:27:00` - a plank of softwood.
    *   Sense 5: `deal%1:27:01` - wood that is easy to saw (softwood).
    *   Sense 6: `deal%1:14:00` - the cards held in a card game (hand).
    *   Sense 7: `deal%1:11:00` - the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement).
    *   Sense 8: `deal%1:04:00` - the act of distributing playing cards.
    *   Sense 9: `deal%1:04:01` - the act of apportioning or distributing something.

    *   The context is about international climate negotiations ("talks", "pledging", "binding cuts", "voluntary ones").
    *   "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up..."
    *   In this context, "deal" refers to a formal agreement or treaty regarding emissions cuts.
    *   Sense 2 ("an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 ("buying or selling") is too narrow (this is a political/environmental agreement, not a commercial trade).
    *   Sense 7 ("type of treatment received") doesn't fit the phrase "do a deal".

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "text"
    *   Context: A news report about climate change talks. Specifically, "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts... Stern... complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "the text" refers to the written draft or the specific wording of the agreement/document being negotiated.

    *   Sense 1: "the words of something written" (synonyms: textual matter; examples: "printed text of the mayor's speech").
    *   Sense 2: "a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon".
    *   Sense 3: "a book prepared for use in schools or colleges" (synonyms: textbook).
    *   Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)".

    *   Sense 2 (Bible) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 3 (Textbook) is irrelevant.
    *   Sense 4 (Main body vs. illustrations) is not the primary meaning here; the focus isn't on the distinction between text and images, but on the content/wording of the agreement.
    *   Sense 1 (The words of something written) fits perfectly. The "text" refers to the written words of the proposed agreement/treaty.

    *   The context mentions "rejected language requiring binding cuts" and then "complained that the text did not do enough". This clearly refers to the written wording of the document. Sense 1 is the most general and accurate description of "the words of something written".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 19}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cut`
    *   Target surface form: `cuts`
    *   Context: "...the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Broader context: The text discusses countries cutting emissions (greenhouse-gas emissions) to combat climate change. Specifically, "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries."

    *   1: share of profits (No)
    *   2: film transition (No)
    *   3: trench/furrow (No)
    *   4: step on a scale (No)
    *   5: wound (No)
    *   6: piece of meat (No)
    *   7: wounding remark (No)
    *   8: music track (No)
    *   9: editorial omission (No)
    *   10: garment style (No)
    *   11: canal (No)
    *   12: snub (No)
    *   13: baseball swing (No)
    *   14: sports stroke (No)
    *   15: card division (No)
    *   16: act of penetrating (No)
    *   17: act of cutting into parts (No)
    *   18: act of shortening by chopping (No)
    *   19: act of reducing the amount or number (Yes - "cuts in the city budget" is similar to "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions")
    *   20: unexcused absence (No)

    *   The context refers to "binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions."
    *   This means reducing the amount of emissions.
    *   Sense 19: "the act of reducing the amount or number" (Example: "cuts in the city budget"). This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observer
Target surface form: observers
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside <t>observers</t>. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `observer`
    *   Target surface form: `observers`
    *   Context: "...the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `observer%1:18:00`: a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses (perceiver, percipient, beholder).
        2.  `observer%1:18:01`: an expert who observes and comments on something (commentator).

    *   The sentence discusses climate change talks, emissions cuts, and the need for these cuts to be "verified by outside observers."
    *   In the context of international treaties or agreements (like climate accords), "outside observers" refers to independent experts, monitors, or organizations that verify compliance.
    *   Sense 1 is very general (anyone who sees something).
    *   Sense 2 is more specific (an expert who observes and comments).

    *   Verification of emissions cuts requires technical expertise and a formal role in monitoring and reporting.
    *   While "observer" in a diplomatic sense can sometimes just mean someone attending without voting rights, in the context of "verifying" technical data (emissions cuts), it implies a level of expertise or a formal monitoring role.
    *   Comparing the two:
        *   Sense 1: Basic sensory perception.
        *   Sense 2: Expert observation and commentary/reporting.
    *   "Verified by outside observers" strongly suggests the "expert/monitor" role rather than just someone who happens to be looking.

    *   Sense 1: perceiver, percipient, beholder. (Too passive/general).
    *   Sense 2: commentator. (Closer to the role of an expert monitor who reports/comments on findings).

    *   In international relations, "observers" are often official representatives or experts sent to monitor a situation. This aligns better with the "expert" aspect of Sense 2 than the "sensory" aspect of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: General perception.
    *   Sense 2: Expert observation.
    *   Context: "verified by outside observers".
    *   Verification requires expertise. Therefore, Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comment
Target surface form: comments
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account
2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `comment`
    *   Target surface form: `comments`
    *   Context: "Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'..."
    *   Surrounding context: Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) is discussing greenhouse-gas emissions, binding cuts, and verification. He "complained that the text did not do enough...". Then it says "Stern made his comments...".

    *   Sense 1: "a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information" (Synonyms: remark, input).
    *   Sense 2: "a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material" (Synonyms: commentary).
    *   Sense 3: "a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people" (Synonyms: gossip, scuttlebutt).

    *   The context describes Todd Stern making statements/remarks during climate talks.
    *   He is expressing opinions/beliefs about the text of the agreement and the role of developing countries.
    *   This fits Sense 1 ("a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information").
    *   It is not a written addition to a book (Sense 2).
    *   It is not gossip or scuttlebutt (Sense 3), although the exchange between Stern and He Yafei is contentious, the "comments" themselves are official statements/remarks.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "hour"
    *   Target surface form: "hour"
    *   Context: "Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `hour%1:28:00::`: a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day (60 minutes).
        2.  `hour%1:28:01::`: clock time (time of day).
        3.  `hour%1:28:02::`: a special and memorable period.
        4.  `hour%1:07:00::`: distance measured by the time taken to cover it.

    *   The sentence is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
    *   The phrase "an hour after" indicates a duration of time passing between two events.
    *   It refers to a period of 60 minutes.

    *   Sense 1: "a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day" (60 minutes). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "clock time" (e.g., "the hour is getting late"). This does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "a special and memorable period" (e.g., "finest hour"). This does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "distance measured by the time taken to cover it" (e.g., "an hour from the airport"). This does not fit.

    *   The target word "hour" in "an hour after" refers to the duration of 60 minutes.
    *   This matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: america
Target surface form: America
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: | definition=North America and South America and Central America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `america`
    *   Target surface form: `America`
    *   Context: "...Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible' for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `america%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states (USA).
        2.  `america%1:17:00::`: North America and South America and Central America (The Americas).

    *   The sentence mentions "America's top climate negotiator".
    *   The context explicitly links this person to "the United States" in the same sentence: "...saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially...".
    *   The previous sentences mention "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern" and "the Obama administration".
    *   Therefore, "America" refers specifically to the United States of America.

    *   Sense 1: United States of America.
    *   Sense 2: The Americas (North, South, and Central).

    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `climate`
    *   Target surface form: `climate`
    *   Context: "...Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `climate%1:26:00::`: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time (clime).
        2.  `climate%1:26:01::`: the prevailing psychological state (mood).

    *   The sentence refers to "America's top climate negotiator".
    *   The surrounding text discusses "climate change", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "global warming", and "industrialized countries".
    *   A "climate negotiator" is someone who negotiates treaties or agreements related to the Earth's climate (weather patterns over time, global warming).

    *   Sense 1: Weather averaged over a long period. This fits the context of "climate change" and "global warming".
    *   Sense 2: Prevailing psychological state/mood. This does not fit the context of environmental negotiations.

    *   The term "climate negotiator" refers to the environmental/meteorological sense of climate.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "week"
    *   Target surface form: "week"
    *   Context: "...Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible' for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."

    *   Sense 1: `any period of seven consecutive days` (General duration of 7 days).
    *   Sense 2: `hours or days of work in a calendar week` (Workweek).
    *   Sense 3: `a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday` (Calendar week).

    *   The phrase is "earlier in the week".
    *   This refers to a point in time within the current calendar week (the week containing the Friday mentioned earlier in the text).
    *   It does not refer to a specific 40-hour workweek (Sense 2).
    *   It refers to the current week as a unit of time.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (any 7 days) and Sense 3 (calendar week starting Sunday): In common usage, "earlier in the week" refers to the current calendar week. While Sense 1 is a general definition, Sense 3 is more specific to the calendar structure. However, usually, "the week" in this context refers to the standard calendar week.

    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" (e.g., "it rained for a week").
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" (Calendar week).
    *   In the sentence "earlier in the week", the speaker is referring to the current calendar week.

    *   Sense 1 is the most general.
    *   Sense 3 is the specific calendar definition.
    *   In most WSD tasks for "the week" (referring to the current one), Sense 1 is often used unless the specific start day (Sunday) is relevant. However, let's look at the options again.
    *   "earlier in the week" -> This implies the current calendar week.
    *   Is it "any period of seven days" or "the calendar week"?
    *   Usually, "the week" refers to the calendar week.

    *   Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    *   Sense 3: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
    *   In the context of "earlier in the week", it's referring to the current calendar week. Sense 3 is the definition of a calendar week.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. "Earlier in the week" is a very common phrase. Does it strictly mean the week starting Sunday? In many cultures, it does (or Monday). Sense 1 is the general concept of a 7-day period.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week" (duration).
        *   Sense 3: (no example provided, but definition is "starting on Sunday").
    *   "Earlier in the week" refers to the current calendar week.

    *   Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "the week" (referring to the current one) is mapped to the general sense of a 7-day period (Sense 1) unless the calendar aspect is explicitly emphasized. But Sense 3 *is* the calendar week.
    *   Let's re-read: "Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week." (This is another instance of "week" in the text).
    *   "saying earlier in the week..."
    *   If I have to choose between "any 7 days" and "calendar week", "earlier in the week" almost always refers to the calendar week.

    *   Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    *   Sense 3: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
    *   If the text says "earlier in the week", it's referring to the current calendar week.

    *   Let's double-check if Sense 1 is more appropriate for "the week" in general.
    *   "the past week" (mentioned earlier) = the 7 days preceding now.
    *   "earlier in the week" = earlier in the current calendar week.

    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        Sense 1 is often used for durations ("for a week").
        Sense 3 is used for the calendar unit ("this week", "next week", "earlier in the week").

    *   Therefore, Sense 3 is the most precise fit for "earlier in the week".

    *   Wait, let me think again. Is "earlier in the week" always starting on Sunday? Not necessarily (some start on Monday), but "calendar week" is the intended meaning. Sense 3 is the only "calendar week" option.

    *   Let's re-verify Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days".
    *   "Earlier in the week" doesn't mean "earlier in any period of seven days"; it means "earlier in the current calendar week".

    *   Conclusion: Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "...saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `united_states%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states... (The country/nation)
        2.  `united_states%1:14:00::`: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (The government)

    *   The sentence is: "...saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   The context involves international negotiations (climate change talks), diplomatic envoys (Todd Stern), and government administrations (Obama administration, Bush administration).
    *   When a country "helps another country financially," it is typically the *government* of that country providing the aid, not the entire republic (the land and all its people).
    *   The preceding sentences mention "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern," "the Obama administration," and "the developed world."
    *   In diplomatic and political contexts, "the United States" often refers to the U.S. government.

    *   Sense 1: The country as a whole (geopolitical entity).
    *   Sense 2: The federal government.

    *   "the United States would not help China financially" -> This refers to the government's decision and financial commitment.
    *   Comparing "the United States" to "the Obama administration" (mentioned earlier) suggests the government entity.
    *   In WordNet-style disambiguation for "United States" in a political/diplomatic context, the distinction between the nation and the government is often subtle, but "helping financially" is a function of the government.

    *   Sense 1: North American republic...
    *   Sense 2: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government...

    Looking at the sentence: "...the United States would not help China financially..."
    This is a policy decision made by the government.

    Let's double-check if Sense 1 is more general and often used even when the government is meant. Yes, but Sense 2 is specifically for the government. In the context of international aid and diplomatic negotiations, "the United States" almost always means the U.S. government.

    Wait, let's look at the other mentions:
    - "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern"
    - "the Obama administration"
    - "The United States is not going to do a deal..." (This also refers to the government).

    Both "do a deal" and "help China financially" are actions of the government.

    Sense 2 is the most precise fit for the government entity acting in international diplomacy.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A text about climate change talks involving the EU, US, and "China". Specifically, "the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China", "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", and "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The context discusses international diplomacy, climate change negotiations, the Obama administration, and a "Chinese vice foreign minister".
    *   The entity "China" is referred to as a "major emerging economy" and a "major developing country".
    *   This clearly refers to the People's Republic of China (the communist nation in eastern Asia).

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). -> Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Taiwan (Republic of China). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. -> Incorrect.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "world"
    *   Target surface form: "world"
    *   Context: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies."

    *   Sense 1: everything that exists anywhere (universe, cosmos) - *Too broad.*
    *   Sense 2: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain) - *Example: "the Western world".*
    *   Sense 3: all of your experiences (reality) - *Too personal/subjective.*
    *   Sense 4: the 3rd planet from the sun (Earth, globe) - *Physical planet.*
    *   Sense 5: people in general considered as a whole (populace, public) - *General public.*
    *   Sense 6: a part of the earth that can be considered separately (outdoor world, world of insects) - *Specific domain/environment.*
    *   Sense 7: concerns of this life vs afterlife - *Religious/spiritual context.*
    *   Sense 8: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity) - *The species.*

    *   The phrase is "the world's major powers".
    *   "Major powers" refers to countries (USA, China, etc.).
    *   "The world's major powers" means the major powers of the Earth/the global community.
    *   Looking at the surrounding text: "developing world", "industrial world". These phrases strongly suggest a division of the Earth's population/countries into groups.
    *   Sense 2 ("people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest") fits "developing world" and "industrial world" perfectly.
    *   Does "the world's major powers" fit Sense 2 or Sense 4?
        *   Sense 4 is the physical planet.
        *   Sense 2 is the people/societies/groups.
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. "The world's major powers" usually refers to the global political landscape.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "the Western world". This is almost identical in structure to "the developing world" and "the industrial world" mentioned in the same sentence.
    *   The target word is in "the world's major powers". This refers to the global community of nations.
    *   Sense 4 (the planet) is often used metonymically for the global community, but Sense 2 specifically addresses the "distinctive group of people/societies" aspect.
    *   However, "the world's major powers" is a possessive. The powers *of* the world.
    *   Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 4 again.
        *   Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" (Synonym: domain).
        *   Sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" (Synonyms: Earth, globe).
    *   In "the world's major powers", "world" refers to the global entity.
    *   In "developing world" and "industrial world", "world" refers to a group of people/countries (Sense 2).
    *   Since the sentence uses "world" in three different ways ("world's major powers", "developing world", "industrial world"), and they all refer to the global political/economic organization of humanity, Sense 2 is the most consistent fit for the conceptual usage here.

    *   "the world's major powers" -> The major powers of the global community.
    *   "developing world" -> A group of countries/people with shared characteristics.
    *   "industrial world" -> A group of countries/people with shared characteristics.
    *   Sense 2: "especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". This fits "developing world" and "industrial world" perfectly. It also fits the global community context of "the world's major powers".

    *   Sense 4 (Earth) is the physical planet. While we say "the world's weather", we say "the world's powers" to mean the global political order.
    *   Sense 8 (humanity) is the species.
    *   Sense 2 is the most precise for geopolitical divisions.

    *   Target: "the <t>world</t>'s major powers"
    *   Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest"
    *   Example: "the Western world"
    *   This matches the usage of "developing world" and "industrial world" in the same sentence.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "the world's major powers" is better as Sense 4 (the planet).
    *   "The Earth's major powers" sounds slightly off compared to "The world's major powers".
    *   "The globe's major powers" also sounds slightly off.
    *   "The world" as in the global community of nations is a very common use of Sense 2.

    *   Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest"
    *   Sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun"
    *   Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole"
    *   Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth"

    *   "The world's major powers" refers to the nations of the global community.
    *   "Developing world" and "industrial world" are explicitly groups of people/nations.
    *   Sense 2 is the best fit for these geopolitical terms.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battle
Target surface form: battle
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battle%1:04:00:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=conflict, fight, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
2. sense_key=battle%1:04:01:: | definition=an energetic attempt to achieve something | synonyms=struggle | examples=getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition
3. sense_key=battle%1:04:02:: | definition=an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine | synonyms=conflict, struggle | examples=the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `battle`
    *   Context: A diplomatic dispute between the US, China, and other nations regarding greenhouse-gas emissions, funding, and obligations. The sentence is: "The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet..."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `battle%1:04:00`: Hostile meeting of opposing military forces in a war. (Military conflict)
        2.  `battle%1:04:01`: An energetic attempt to achieve something. (Struggle/effort)
        3.  `battle%1:04:02`: An open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals). (Conflict/clash)

    *   The context describes a diplomatic and political disagreement ("rejected language", "harder line", "feuding", "fighting over who should bear the costs").
    *   It is not a military engagement (eliminates sense 1).
    *   It is not just an "energetic attempt to achieve something" (like a battle for recognition or getting through a crowd), but rather a clash between opposing groups (US vs. China, industrial vs. emerging economies).
    *   Sense 3 ("an open clash between two opposing groups") fits best because it describes the conflict/clash between the nations involved in the climate negotiations.

    *   Sense 1: Military (No)
    *   Sense 2: Effort/Struggle (Possible, but less precise than "clash")
    *   Sense 3: Open clash between opposing groups (Yes, fits the diplomatic "feuding" and "fighting" described).

    *   The text mentions "China and United States feuding" and "major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs". This aligns perfectly with "an open clash between two opposing groups".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economies
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `economy`
    *   Target surface form: `economies`
    *   Context: "The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet..."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussion about climate change, greenhouse-gas emissions, industrialized countries, emerging economies, China, USA, financial help, economic trajectory of major powers.

    *   Sense 1: "the system of production and distribution and consumption" (economic system).
    *   Sense 2: "the efficient use of resources" (economy of effort).
    *   Sense 3: "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources" (thriftiness).
    *   Sense 4: "an act of economizing; reduction in cost" (saving).

    *   The sentence says "saving individual economies".
    *   In the context of "industrialized countries", "emerging economies", and "economic trajectory of the world's major powers", "economies" refers to the national economic systems of these countries.
    *   It is not referring to frugality (Sense 3), efficient use of resources (Sense 2), or a specific cost-saving act (Sense 4).
    *   It refers to the overall system of production, distribution, and consumption of a country or region.

    *   Sense 1 matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "china"
    *   Target surface form: "China"
    *   Context: A text discussing climate change negotiations between the U.S. and other major powers, specifically mentioning "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations".
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `china%1:15:00::`: A communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC).
        2.  `china%1:06:00::`: High quality porcelain.
        3.  `china%1:15:01::`: Government on the island of Taiwan (Republic of China).
        4.  `china%1:06:01::`: Dishware made of porcelain.

    *   The context mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern", "Obama administration", "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", "major developing countries", and "the world's two dozen most influential countries".
    *   The specific sentence is: "...with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   This clearly refers to the nation-state of China involved in international climate negotiations.

    *   Sense 1: Communist nation in eastern Asia (PRC). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Porcelain. Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: Taiwan (Republic of China). While Taiwan is sometimes called China in specific historical/political contexts, the context of "major developing countries", "most populous country", and "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" (who represents the PRC) points directly to the PRC.
    *   Sense 4: Dishware. Incorrect.

    *   The context refers to the People's Republic of China (PRC).
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `united_states`
    *   Target surface form: `United States`
    *   Context: "...with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `united_states%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states... (The country/nation)
        2.  `united_states%1:14:00::`: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States (The government)

    *   The sentence is: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations..."
    *   The context discusses climate negotiations, greenhouse-gas emissions, the Obama administration, and the "major powers" (China and the US).
    *   "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations" refers to the entities acting as geopolitical actors.
    *   In this context, "China" and "United States" are used as metonyms for their respective governments/administrations.
    *   Looking at the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1 is the physical country/republic.
        *   Sense 2 is the federal government.
    *   When countries "feud" over "obligations" in a diplomatic/treaty context, it is the government that is negotiating and feuding.
    *   However, in general usage, "the United States" often refers to the nation-state as a whole (which includes the government).
    *   Let's look at the other mentions of "United States" or "U.S." in the text:
        *   "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern..." (U.S. as adjective modifying envoy - government)
        *   "The United States is not going to do a deal..." (The government is doing the deal)
        *   "...the United States would not help China financially..." (The government is providing the help)
    *   In the specific target phrase "China and United States feuding", it's clearly the governments of these two nations.

    *   Sense 1: The republic (the country).
    *   Sense 2: The federal government.
    *   In linguistic disambiguation for WordNet, when a country name is used to refer to its government in a political/diplomatic context, the "government" sense is usually preferred if available.
    *   "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations" -> The governments are feuding.

    *   Is "United States" here the land/people (Sense 1) or the political entity/government (Sense 2)?
    *   "Feuding over their respective obligations" strongly points to the government.
    *   Comparing "China" and "United States" as actors in a diplomatic dispute.

    *   Sense 1: North American republic...
    *   Sense 2: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government...
    *   The context is about diplomatic negotiations (climate envoy, Obama administration, deals, financial help). This is the domain of the government.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if "China" is also used similarly. Yes.
    *   Usually, in these datasets, if the entity is acting as a political agent, the "government" sense is chosen.

    *   Target: "China and United States feuding"
    *   Action: Feuding over obligations.
    *   Actor: The government.
    *   Sense 2 is the government.