[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a <t>more</t> pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "...A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a <t>more</t> pressing need."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%4:02:00::`: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., "more interesting", "more beautiful").
        2.  `more%4:02:01::`: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., "he works more now").

    *   The word "more" modifies the adjective "pressing" in the phrase "a more pressing need".
    *   "Pressing" is an adjective meaning urgent.
    *   "More pressing" is the comparative form of the adjective "pressing".

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs". This fits perfectly because "more" is being used to create the comparative form of the adjective "pressing".
    *   Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent". This is typically used as an adverb or determiner (e.g., "I want more water", "He works more"). In the context "more pressing", "more" is not acting as a standalone comparative of "much" but as a marker for the comparative of the adjective "pressing".

    *   The usage "more pressing" is a classic example of using "more" to form the comparative of an adjective. This aligns exactly with Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
Conversely, there are the majority of unsuccessful schools, and we know which efforts at educational reform are doomed beforehand. We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing <t>need</t>. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%1:26:00:: | definition=a condition requiring relief | synonyms=demand | examples=she satisfied his need for affection; God has no need of men to accomplish His work
2. sense_key=need%1:17:00:: | definition=anything that is necessary but lacking | synonyms=want | examples=he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs; I tried to supply his wants
3. sense_key=need%1:03:00:: | definition=the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior | synonyms=motivation, motive | examples=we did not understand his motivation; he acted with the best of motives
4. sense_key=need%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of extreme poverty or destitution | synonyms=indigence, penury, pauperism, pauperization | examples=their indigence appalled him; a general state of need exists among the homeless

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `need`
    *   Target surface form: `need`
    *   Context: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing <t>need</t>."
    *   Surrounding context: The author is critiquing Gov. Bill Clinton's call for a "comprehensive child-development policy," suggesting instead that the governors themselves need a "comprehensive development policy."

    *   Sense 1: `a condition requiring relief` (synonym: demand). Example: "she satisfied his need for affection".
    *   Sense 2: `anything that is necessary but lacking` (synonym: want). Example: "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs".
    *   Sense 3: `the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior` (synonym: motivation, motive).
    *   Sense 4: `a state of extreme poverty or destitution` (synonym: indigence, penury).

    *   The sentence says: "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need."
    *   Here, "need" refers to something that is necessary but currently lacking (a development policy for governors).
    *   It is not about extreme poverty (Sense 4).
    *   It is not about a psychological motive/drive (Sense 3).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 ("a condition requiring relief") and Sense 2 ("anything that is necessary but lacking").
    *   Sense 1 often refers to a state of deficiency (e.g., need for affection, need for help).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *thing* that is necessary (e.g., basic needs like food and water, or a specific requirement).
    *   In the sentence, "a comprehensive development policy" is the "need". The policy itself is the thing that is necessary but lacking.

    *   Sense 1: "a condition requiring relief" (The *condition* of needing a policy).
    *   Sense 2: "anything that is necessary but lacking" (The *policy* itself).
    *   The sentence structure "A comprehensive development policy... would seem to be a more pressing need" identifies the policy as the need. This fits Sense 2 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "she satisfied his need for affection" (The need is the *lack* of affection).
    *   Sense 2: "he had sufficient means to meet his simple needs" (The needs are the *things* he requires, like food/shelter).
    *   In the target sentence, the "comprehensive development policy" is the thing required.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extend
Target surface form: extending
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is <t>extending</t> the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extend%2:30:01:: | definition=extend in scope or range or area | synonyms=widen, broaden | examples=The law was extended to all citizens; widen the range of applications
2. sense_key=extend%2:42:03:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, lead | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
3. sense_key=extend%2:42:01:: | definition=span an interval of distance, space or time | synonyms=cover, continue | examples=The war extended over five years; The period covered the turn of the century
4. sense_key=extend%2:40:05:: | definition=make available; provide | synonyms=offer | examples=extend a loan; The bank offers a good deal on new mortgages
5. sense_key=extend%2:29:01:: | definition=thrust or extend out | synonyms=exsert, stretch out, put out, hold out, stretch forth | examples=He held out his hand; point a finger
6. sense_key=extend%2:42:02:: | definition=reach outward in space | synonyms=poke out, reach out | examples=The awning extends several feet over the sidewalk
7. sense_key=extend%2:40:04:: | definition=offer verbally | synonyms=offer | examples=extend my greetings; He offered his sympathy
8. sense_key=extend%2:29:00:: | definition=extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body | synonyms=stretch | examples=Stretch your legs!; Extend your right arm above your head
9. sense_key=extend%2:30:09:: | definition=expand the influence of | synonyms=expand | examples=The King extended his rule to the Eastern part of the continent
10. sense_key=extend%2:30:02:: | definition=lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer | synonyms=prolong, protract, draw out | examples=We prolonged our stay; She extended her visit by another day
11. sense_key=extend%2:38:10:: | definition=extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length | synonyms=unfold, stretch, stretch out | examples=Unfold the newspaper; stretch out that piece of cloth
12. sense_key=extend%2:38:14:: | definition=cause to move at full gallop | synonyms=gallop | examples=Did you gallop the horse just now?
13. sense_key=extend%2:35:10:: | definition=open or straighten out; unbend | examples=Can we extend the legs of this dining table?
14. sense_key=extend%2:34:00:: | definition=use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity | synonyms=strain | examples=He really extended himself when he climbed Kilimanjaro; Don't strain your mind too much
15. sense_key=extend%2:30:15:: | definition=prolong the time allowed for payment of | examples=extend the loan
16. sense_key=extend%2:30:06:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=carry | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
17. sense_key=extend%2:30:12:: | definition=increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance | synonyms=stretch | examples=stretch the soup by adding some more cream; extend the casserole with a little rice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "extending" (lemma: "extend")
    *   Context: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is <t>extending</t> the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Meaning: The governor wants to make the educational system cover a wider range of ages (specifically, adding pre-kindergarten).

    *   1: extend in scope or range or area (synonyms: widen, broaden). Example: "The law was extended to all citizens."
    *   2: stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points. (synonyms: run, go, pass, lead).
    *   3: span an interval of distance, space or time (synonyms: cover, continue).
    *   4: make available; provide (synonyms: offer).
    *   5: thrust or extend out (synonyms: exsert, stretch out).
    *   6: reach outward in space (synonyms: poke out, reach out).
    *   7: offer verbally (synonyms: offer).
    *   8: extend one's limbs or muscles (synonyms: stretch).
    *   9: expand the influence of (synonyms: expand).
    *   10: lengthen in time; cause to be or last longer (synonyms: prolong, protract).
    *   11: extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length (synonyms: unfold, stretch).
    *   12: cause to move at full gallop.
    *   13: open or straighten out; unbend.
    *   14: use to the utmost; exert vigorously.
    *   15: prolong the time allowed for payment.
    *   16: continue or extend (synonyms: carry).
    *   17: increase in quantity or bulk by adding a cheaper substance.

    *   The context is about expanding the *scope* of the educational system to include a new age group (pre-kindergarten).
    *   Sense 1: "extend in scope or range or area" (synonyms: widen, broaden). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points". This is more about the *state* of extending (e.g., "the road extends for miles") rather than the *action* of expanding the scope.
    *   Sense 3: "span an interval of distance, space or time". Again, more about the state of spanning.
    *   Sense 9: "expand the influence of". This is about power/rule, not the scope of a system's application.
    *   Sense 10: "lengthen in time". This is about duration (e.g., extending a deadline), not the range of ages covered.

    *   The governor is advocating for *widening* the range of the educational system to include younger children. This is a change in the *scope* or *range* of the system.
    *   Sense 1: "extend in scope or range or area". Example: "The law was extended to all citizens." (Similar to extending a system to a new group).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the <t>educational</t> system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...extending the <t>educational</t> system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00::` (relating to the process of education) - Example: educational psychology.
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00` (providing knowledge) - Example: an educational film.

    *   The word "educational" appears twice in the final two sentences:
        1.  "...extending the educational system..."
        2.  "...not an educational program."
    *   In both cases, it refers to the formal system of schooling/education (the "educational system", "educational program" as opposed to "child-care program").
    *   It is describing the *nature* or *domain* of the system/program (relating to education), not whether a specific item (like a film or a book) is *instructive* or *provides knowledge*.

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education" (e.g., educational psychology). This fits the context of an "educational system" or "educational program" (the institutionalized process of education).
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (e.g., an educational film). This describes something that *is* instructive. While a program *can* be instructive, the contrast here is between "child-care" (caregiving) and "educational" (the formal process of schooling/instruction).

    *   "Educational system" refers to the system *of* education.
    *   "Educational program" (in contrast to child-care) refers to a program *of* education.
    *   Both align better with "relating to the process of education" (Sense 1) than "providing knowledge" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 1: relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: providing knowledge.
    *   The context is about the institutional system of education. Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: system
Target surface form: system
Context:
We really do know all we need to know, if only we could assimilate this knowledge into our thinking. In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational <t>system</t> down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=system%1:06:00:: | definition=instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity | examples=he bought a new stereo system; the system consists of a motor and a small computer
2. sense_key=system%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole | synonyms=scheme | examples=a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going
3. sense_key=system%1:27:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium | examples=in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface; a system generating hydrogen peroxide
4. sense_key=system%1:09:00:: | definition=a complex of methods or rules governing behavior | synonyms=system of rules | examples=they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
5. sense_key=system%1:09:02:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, organisation | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
6. sense_key=system%1:08:00:: | definition=a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts | examples=the body has a system of organs for digestion
7. sense_key=system%1:09:01:: | definition=a procedure or process for obtaining an objective | examples=they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation
8. sense_key=system%1:08:01:: | definition=the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole | examples=exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system
9. sense_key=system%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, organisation | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `system`
    *   Target surface form: `system`
    *   Context: "...What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational <t>system</t> down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `system%1:06:00::`: Instrumentality combining artifacts (e.g., stereo system).
        2.  `system%1:14:00::`: Group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole (e.g., system of production and distribution).
        3.  `system%1:27:00::`: Physical chemistry sample of matter.
        4.  `system%1:09:00::`: Complex of methods or rules governing behavior (e.g., system of rules).
        5.  `system%1:09:02::`: Organized structure for arranging or classifying.
        6.  `system%1:08:00::`: Group of physiologically or anatomically related organs.
        7.  `system%1:09:01::`: Procedure or process for obtaining an objective.
        8.  `system%1:08:01::`: Living body as interdependent components.
        9.  `system%1:07:00::`: Ordered manner; orderliness.

    *   The phrase is "educational system".
    *   An educational system refers to the organized structure of schools, administration, laws, and policies that manage education in a region or country.
    *   It's a large-scale organization consisting of interrelated elements (schools, teachers, students, government bodies, curricula).

    *   Sense 1 (artifacts): No.
    *   Sense 2 (group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole): This fits well. An educational system is a vast network of interrelated elements (schools, boards, etc.) forming a unified whole. Example: "a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going."
    *   Sense 3 (physical chemistry): No.
    *   Sense 4 (methods or rules governing behavior): While education has rules, the "educational system" usually refers to the whole structure, not just the rules.
    *   Sense 5 (structure for arranging/classifying): No.
    *   Sense 6 (organs): No.
    *   Sense 7 (procedure/process): No.
    *   Sense 8 (living body): No.
    *   Sense 9 (ordered manner): No.

    *   Sense 2: "a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole". This is the standard definition for societal systems like the "educational system", "economic system", or "political system".

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: desirable
Target surface form: desirable
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether <t>desirable</t> or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=desirable%3:00:00:: | definition=worth having or seeking or achieving | examples=a desirable job; computer with many desirable features
2. sense_key=desirable%5:00:00:eligible:00 | definition=worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse | synonyms=suitable, worthy | examples=the parents found the girl suitable for their son

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `desirable`
    *   Target surface form: `desirable`
    *   Context: "Whether <t>desirable</t> or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `desirable%3:00:00::`: worth having or seeking or achieving (e.g., a desirable job).
        2.  `desirable%5:00:00:eligible:00`: worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse (e.g., suitable for their son).

    *   The sentence is discussing a "comprehensive child-development policy" and whether it's a "child-care program" or an "educational program."
    *   The phrase "Whether desirable or not" refers to whether the program (extending the educational system to pre-kindergarten) is a good idea, worth implementing, or beneficial.

    *   Sense 1: "worth having or seeking or achieving" fits perfectly. Is the program worth having/achieving?
    *   Sense 2: "worthy of being chosen especially as a spouse" is completely irrelevant to a child-care program.

    *   Sense 1 is the only logical choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care <t>program</t>, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `program`
    *   Target surface form: `program`
    *   Context: "Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care <t>program</t>, not an educational program."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five," which the author describes as "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

    *   Sense 1: `program%1:09:00` - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan).
    *   Sense 2: `program%1:09:01` - a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (e.g., public works, day care program).
    *   Sense 3: `program%1:10:01` - a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: `program%1:10:04` - a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 5: `program%1:10:00` - an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: `program%1:10:05` - an integrated course of academic studies (curriculum).
    *   Sense 7: `program%1:10:02` - (computer science) a sequence of instructions for a computer.
    *   Sense 8: `program%1:04:00` - a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context refers to a "child-care program" and an "educational program" in the context of a government policy for children under five.
    *   Sense 2 specifically mentions "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" and gives the example "working mothers rely on the day care program." This matches "child-care program" perfectly.
    *   Sense 6 (integrated course of academic studies) might seem plausible for "educational program," but the author is contrasting "child-care program" with "educational program," and the overall context is a public policy/service for children under five. Sense 2 is the broader and more fitting category for a government-led child-care initiative.

    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" -> "child-care program". Example: "day care program". This is a direct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an <t>educational</t> program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an <t>educational</t> program."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00` (relating to the process of education) - Example: "educational psychology"
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00` (providing knowledge) - Example: "an educational film"

    *   The sentence is: "Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The author is contrasting a "child-care program" with an "educational program."
    *   The context discusses the "educational system" and "schooling."
    *   The word "educational" here refers to the *system* or *process* of education (schooling, pedagogy, formal instruction) rather than something that is simply "instructive" (like a documentary or a helpful book).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education" (e.g., educational psychology). This fits the context of an "educational program" as part of the "educational system."
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (e.g., an educational film). This refers to something that teaches you something (instructive). While an educational program *does* provide knowledge, the contrast here is between "child-care" (supervision/care) and "education" (the formal process/system of schooling).

    *   The author is talking about the "educational system" and "schooling."
    *   "Educational program" in this context refers to a program designed for the purpose of education (the process), not just a program that happens to be instructive.
    *   Sense 1 is the broader, systemic meaning. Sense 2 is the "instructive" meaning.
    *   Comparing "child-care program" vs "educational program" highlights the nature of the program's purpose (care vs. formal education process).

    *   Sense 1: relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: providing knowledge.
    *   The context is about the "educational system" and "schooling." This strongly aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
In this respect, it would be helpful if our political leaders were mute, rather than eloquently "concerned. "They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational <t>program</t>. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `program`
    *   Target surface form: `program`
    *   Context: "...this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses Gov. Bill Clinton's proposal for a "comprehensive child-development policy for children under five," which the author describes as "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."

    *   Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan).
    *   Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (e.g., public works, day care program).
    *   Sense 3: a radio or television show.
    *   Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform).
    *   Sense 5: an announcement of events for a theatrical/sporting event.
    *   Sense 6: an integrated course of academic studies (curriculum, syllabus).
    *   Sense 7: (computer science) a sequence of instructions for a computer.
    *   Sense 8: a performance at a public presentation.

    *   The context mentions "child-care program" and "educational program."
    *   The author is contrasting a "child-care program" (services for children) with an "educational program" (academic studies/curriculum).
    *   Wait, let's look closer: "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   "Child-care program" fits Sense 2 (system of services to meet a public need - example: "working mothers rely on the day care program").
    *   "Educational program" in this context refers to the structured academic system (curriculum/course of study).
    *   However, the target word is the second "program" in "educational program."
    *   Is it a "system of services" (Sense 2) or an "integrated course of academic studies" (Sense 6)?
    *   The author is arguing that extending the system to pre-K is more about child-care (Sense 2) than about a formal educational curriculum (Sense 6).
    *   Let's re-read: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating... is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   In the phrase "educational program," the author is referring to the formal academic structure/curriculum.

    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (Example: "day care program").
    *   Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies" (Example: "new program at the university").

    *   The author contrasts "child-care program" (Sense 2) with "educational program."
    *   If "child-care program" is Sense 2, "educational program" here likely refers to the academic/curriculum side of things (Sense 6).
    *   Wait, let's look at the sentence again: "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The author is saying the *proposal* is a child-care program (Sense 2), not an educational program (Sense 6).
    *   Wait, could "educational program" also be Sense 2 (a system of services for education)?
    *   Let's compare:
        *   Sense 2: "system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"
        *   Sense 6: "integrated course of academic studies"
    *   In the context of "extending the educational system," an "educational program" usually refers to the curriculum or the academic structure.
    *   However, in the context of government policy ("comprehensive child-development policy"), "program" often refers to the government-funded system of services (Sense 2).
    *   Let's re-read: "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The contrast is between "child-care" (service) and "educational" (academic).
    *   If the author means "this is a service for child-care, not a curriculum for education," then "educational program" = Sense 6.
    *   If the author means "this is a child-care service system, not an educational service system," then "educational program" = Sense 2.
    *   Usually, "educational program" in the context of schooling refers to the curriculum (Sense 6).

    *   Sense 2 example: "working mothers rely on the day care program".
    *   Sense 6 example: "he was admitted to a new program at the university".
    *   The text says "this is a child-care program [Sense 2], not an educational program [Sense 6]."
    *   The author is arguing that the policy is about providing care (service) rather than providing education (curriculum).

    *   Is "educational program" here a "system of services" (Sense 2) or a "course of studies" (Sense 6)?
    *   The author says "extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years."
    *   Then says "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The contrast is between the *nature* of the program: child-care (service) vs. educational (academic).
    *   Therefore, "educational program" refers to the academic/curriculum aspect.

    *   Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies" (curriculum, syllabus).
    *   This fits the contrast with "child-care program" (Sense 2).

    *   Wait, could "educational program" also be Sense 2? "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need."
    *   If both "child-care program" and "educational program" are Sense 2, the distinction is just the adjective.
    *   But the author is making a point about the *type* of program.
    *   "Child-care program" = Sense 2 (service).
    *   "Educational program" = Sense 6 (academic course/curriculum).
    *   This makes the most sense linguistically in the context of the argument.

    *   Sense 1: plan/goals.
    *   Sense 2: public service system.
    *   Sense 6: academic course/curriculum.
    *   The author is contrasting a service (child-care) with an academic structure (educational).
    *   Therefore, "educational program" = Sense 6.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2 again. "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".
    *   Could "educational program" be a "system of services intended to meet a public need"? Yes.
    *   But the contrast "child-care program, not an educational program" strongly suggests the distinction between *care* (service) and *education* (curriculum).
    *   Let's look at the sentence again: "What Gov. Clinton is advocating... is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   The author is saying that although Clinton calls it "educational system" extension, it's actually just "child-care."
    *   This implies that an "educational program" is something different from a "child-care program."
    *   If both were Sense 2, the distinction would be purely in the adjective. If "educational program" is Sense 6, the distinction is in the *kind* of program (service vs. curriculum).
    *   In many contexts, "educational program" refers to the curriculum.

    *   Sense 2: "working mothers rely on the day care program"
    *   Sense 6: "he was admitted to a new program at the university"
    *   The "child-care program" in the text is almost identical to the "day care program" in Sense 2.
    *   The "educational program" is being contrasted with it.
    *   If the author is saying "this is [Sense 2], not [Sense 6]," it makes the most sense.

    *   Is it possible "educational program" is also Sense 2?
    *   "this is a child-care [service], not an educational [service]."
    *   Or "this is a child-care [service], not an educational [curriculum]."
    *   Given the context of "extending the educational system," the author is likely referring to the academic nature of schooling.

    *   Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies"
    *   Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"
    *   The author is arguing that the proposal is about *care* (Sense 2) rather than *education* (Sense 6).

    *   Wait, let me re-read the sentence one more time. "this is a child-care program, not an educational program."
    *   If I say "This is a social program, not an educational program," I might be using Sense 2 for both.
    *   But "educational program" very often maps to Sense 6 (curriculum).
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 6: "course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus."
    *   Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 2: "programme."
    *   The contrast is between "child-care" and "educational."
    *   If the author is saying it's not *really* education, they are likely referring to the academic/curriculum aspect.

    *   Sense 2: public service.
    *   Sense 6: academic curriculum.
    *   The author is contrasting the *service* of child-care with the *curriculum* of education.
    *   Therefore, "educational program" = Sense 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `know`
    *   Target surface form: `know`
    *   Context: "We <t>know</t> that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `know%2:31:01::`: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (Example: "I know that the President lied to the people")
        2.  `know%2:31:03::`: know how to do or perform something. (Example: "She knows how to knit")
        3.  `know%2:31:02::`: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (Example: "I know that I left the key on the table")
        4.  `know%2:31:00::`: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. (Example: "She doesn't know this composer")
        5.  `know%2:31:04::`: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. (Example: "I know the feeling!")
        6.  `know%2:31:06::`: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority. (Example: "The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir")
        7.  `know%2:31:15::`: have fixed in the mind. (Example: "I know Latin")
        8.  `know%2:35:00::`: have sexual intercourse with. (Example: "Adam knew Eve")
        9.  `know%2:31:11::`: know the nature or character of. (Example: "we all knew her as a big show-off")
        10. `know%2:31:12::`: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different. (Example: "The child knows right from wrong")
        11. `know%2:31:14::`: perceive as familiar. (Example: "I know this voice!")

    *   The sentence is: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade..."
    *   The speaker is referring to a known fact or a piece of information derived from research/observation.
    *   It's a statement of knowledge about a general fact.

    *   Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" (Example: "I know that the President lied to the people")
    *   Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" (Example: "I know that I left the key on the table")

    *   Sense 1 is about possessing information or being aware of a fact.
    *   Sense 3 is more about certainty, belief, or faith in the truth of something.
    *   In the context "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance...", the author is stating a fact (likely based on evidence/data). This aligns well with "possess knowledge or information about" (Sense 1).
    *   Comparing the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people" (Fact/Information)
        *   Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table" (Certainty/Belief)
    *   The context "We know that [fact about education]" is a claim about a known piece of information/fact.

    *   Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information.
    *   Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something.
    *   The sentence "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." is presenting a factual claim. Sense 1 fits better for general knowledge/facts.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt".
    *   Let me re-read Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about".
    *   In many contexts, these are very close. However, "We know that [scientific/educational finding]" usually refers to possessing knowledge/information (Sense 1) rather than a personal belief or faith (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people" (Fact)
    *   Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table" (Certainty/Personal knowledge)
    *   The context "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance..." is a general statement of fact. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "very"
    *   Target surface form: "very"
    *   Context: "We know that <t>very</t> early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `very%4:02:00::`: used as intensifiers (synonyms: really, real, rattling; examples: "she was very gifted").
        2.  `very%4:02:01::`: precisely so (examples: "on the very next page").

    *   The phrase is "very early exposure".
    *   "Very" modifies the adjective "early".
    *   It is used to intensify the degree of "early" (meaning *extremely* early).

    *   Sense 1: Intensifier (e.g., "very gifted"). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Precisely so (e.g., "the very next page"). This does not fit here.

    *   The correct sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: early
Target surface form: early
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very <t>early</t> exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=early%3:00:00:: | definition=at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time | examples=early morning; an early warning
2. sense_key=early%3:00:02:: | definition=being or occurring at an early stage of development | examples=in an early stage; early forms of life
3. sense_key=early%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=former, other | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=early%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=very young | examples=at an early age
5. sense_key=early%3:00:01:: | definition=of an early stage in the development of a language or literature | examples=the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C.; Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700
6. sense_key=early%5:00:01:future:00 | definition=expected in the near future | examples=look for an early end to the negotiations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "early"
    *   Target surface form: "early"
    *   Context: "We know that very <t>early</t> exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

    *   Sense 1: "at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time" (e.g., early morning, early warning).
    *   Sense 2: "being or occurring at an early stage of development" (e.g., in an early stage, early forms of life).
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., early inhabitants of Europe).
    *   Sense 4: "very young" (e.g., at an early age).
    *   Sense 5: "of an early stage in the development of a language or literature" (e.g., Early Modern English).
    *   Sense 6: "expected in the near future" (e.g., early end to negotiations).

    *   The phrase is "very early exposure to schooling".
    *   This refers to children being exposed to schooling at a young age or at the beginning of their developmental process.
    *   Comparing Sense 1, 2, and 4:
        *   Sense 1 is general (beginning of a period).
        *   Sense 2 is specifically about a "stage of development".
        *   Sense 4 is "very young" (usually used as a predicate or modifying a person/age).
    *   "Early exposure" refers to the timing of the exposure relative to the child's development.
    *   Sense 2 ("being or occurring at an early stage of development") fits "early exposure" perfectly because the exposure occurs during the early stages of the child's development.
    *   Sense 1 is possible, but Sense 2 is more precise for developmental contexts.
    *   Sense 4 ("very young") usually describes the person (e.g., "an early child" - though we usually say "young child"). "Early exposure" doesn't mean the exposure itself is young, but that it happens at an early stage.

    *   Sense 1: "at or near the beginning of a period of time" (General)
    *   Sense 2: "being or occurring at an early stage of development" (Specific to development)
    *   Context: "early exposure to schooling" (Developmental context: children under five).
    *   Sense 2 is the most precise fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exposure
Target surface form: exposure
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early <t>exposure</t> to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exposure%1:07:00:: | definition=vulnerability to the elements; to the action of heat or cold or wind or rain;  or | examples=exposure to the weather; they died from exposure
2. sense_key=exposure%1:04:06:: | definition=the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience | examples=she denounced the exposure of children to pornography
3. sense_key=exposure%1:10:00:: | definition=the disclosure of something secret | examples=they feared exposure of their campaign plans
4. sense_key=exposure%1:09:00:: | definition=aspect resulting from the direction a building or window faces | examples=the studio had a northern exposure
5. sense_key=exposure%1:26:01:: | definition=the state of being vulnerable or exposed | synonyms=vulnerability | examples=his vulnerability to litigation; his exposure to ridicule
6. sense_key=exposure%1:23:00:: | definition=the intensity of light falling on a photographic film or plate | examples=he used the wrong exposure
7. sense_key=exposure%1:06:00:: | definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, picture, pic
8. sense_key=exposure%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of exposing film to light
9. sense_key=exposure%1:04:05:: | definition=presentation to view in an open or public manner | examples=the exposure of his anger was shocking
10. sense_key=exposure%1:04:01:: | definition=abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `exposure`
    *   Target surface form: `exposure`
    *   Context: "We know that very early <t>exposure</t> to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."

    *   1: Vulnerability to elements (weather, heat, cold).
    *   2: The act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience (e.g., children to pornography).
    *   3: Disclosure of something secret.
    *   4: Direction a building/window faces.
    *   5: State of being vulnerable (e.g., to litigation, ridicule).
    *   6: Intensity of light on photographic film.
    *   7: A photograph/print.
    *   8: Act of exposing film to light.
    *   9: Presentation to view in an open/public manner.
    *   10: Abandoning without shelter (infant).

    *   The phrase is "very early exposure to schooling".
    *   This means children are being subjected to the experience of schooling at a young age.
    *   This fits the definition of "the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience".

    *   Sense 2: "the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience" (Example: "exposure of children to pornography").
    *   Sense 5: "the state of being vulnerable or exposed" (Example: "exposure to ridicule").
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 5: "Exposure to schooling" is not about vulnerability (Sense 5), but about being introduced to or subjected to an experience (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: schooling
Target surface form: schooling
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=schooling%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of teaching at school
2. sense_key=schooling%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
3. sense_key=schooling%1:04:01:: | definition=the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "schooling"
    *   Target surface form: "schooling"
    *   Context: "We know that very early exposure to <t>schooling</t> improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `schooling%1:04:00::`: the act of teaching at school (the action of the teacher).
        2.  `schooling%1:09:00::`: the process of being formally educated at a school (the experience of the student).
        3.  `schooling%1:04:01::`: the training of an animal (especially the training of a horse for dressage).

    *   The sentence discusses "early exposure to schooling" in the context of "child-development policy," "pre-kindergarten years," and "performance in the first grade."
    *   This clearly refers to children being educated in a school setting.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of teaching at school" (Focuses on the teaching side).
    *   Sense 2: "the process of being formally educated at a school" (Focuses on the learning/experience side).
    *   Sense 3: "the training of an animal" (Irrelevant).

    *   "Exposure to schooling" refers to the child's experience of being in school and receiving education, not the act of the teacher teaching.
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the most appropriate.

    *   Sense 1: Act of teaching.
    *   Sense 2: Process of being educated.
    *   Context: "exposure to schooling" -> the child is exposed to the process of being educated.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: improve
Target surface form: improves
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling <t>improves</t> performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=improve%2:30:01:: | definition=to make better | synonyms=better, amend, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The editor improved the manuscript with his changes
2. sense_key=improve%2:30:00:: | definition=get better | synonyms=better, ameliorate, meliorate | examples=The weather improved toward evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `improve`
    *   Target surface form: `improves`
    *   Context: "We know that very early exposure to schooling <t>improves</t> performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `improve%2:30:01::` (to make better) - Transitive (something makes something else better).
        2.  `improve%2:30:00::` (get better) - Intransitive (something becomes better).

    *   Sentence: "We know that very early exposure to schooling <t>improves</t> performance in the first grade..."
    *   Subject: "very early exposure to schooling"
    *   Object: "performance in the first grade"
    *   Action: "improves"
    *   Analysis: The subject ("exposure to schooling") is acting upon the object ("performance"). This is a transitive usage meaning "to make better".

    *   Sense 1: "to make better" (Transitive). Example: "The editor improved the manuscript..." (The editor made the manuscript better).
    *   Sense 2: "get better" (Intransitive). Example: "The weather improved toward evening" (The weather became better).

    *   The context "exposure to schooling improves performance" matches Sense 1 ("to make better").

    *   Sense index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: performance
Target surface form: performance
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves <t>performance</t> in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=performance%1:10:00:: | definition=a dramatic or musical entertainment | synonyms=public presentation | examples=they listened to ten different performances; the play ran for 100 performances
2. sense_key=performance%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment | examples=we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal; an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto
3. sense_key=performance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it | synonyms=execution, carrying out, carrying into action | examples=they criticised his performance as mayor; experience generally improves performance
4. sense_key=performance%1:04:03:: | definition=any recognized accomplishment | examples=they admired his performance under stress; when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe
5. sense_key=performance%1:22:00:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=operation, functioning | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "performance"
    *   Context: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves <t>performance</t> in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "performance" refers to how well students do in school (their academic achievement or the act of doing the work successfully).

    *   Sense 1: "a dramatic or musical entertainment" (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 2: "the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment" (Not applicable)
    *   Sense 3: "the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it" (Synonyms: execution, carrying out; Example: "experience generally improves performance") - This fits well with academic performance (doing the tasks successfully).
    *   Sense 4: "any recognized accomplishment" (Example: "his performance under stress") - This is close, but usually refers to a specific instance of achievement rather than a general level of functioning/success in a setting like a grade level.
    *   Sense 5: "process or manner of functioning or operating" (Synonyms: operation, functioning; Example: "the power of its engine determines its operation") - This is more about mechanical or systemic functioning.

    *   The sentence says "early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade."
    *   This refers to the students' ability to perform tasks, their academic success, or the application of their knowledge.
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "doing something successfully" and "using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it," which aligns perfectly with academic performance.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the <t>first</t> grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "first"
    *   Target surface form: "first"
    *   Context: "...very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the <t>first</t> grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Target phrase: "the first grade"

    *   Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., the first house on the right).
    *   Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (synonym: 1st).
    *   Sense 3: serving to set in motion (synonyms: inaugural, initiative).
    *   Sense 4: serving to begin (synonym: beginning; e.g., the first verse).
    *   Sense 5: ranking above all others (synonyms: foremost, world-class).
    *   Sense 6: highest in pitch or chief among parts (e.g., first soprano).

    *   "First grade" refers to the initial year of elementary school in a sequence of grades (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.).
    *   This is a sequence/series of units (grades).
    *   Sense 2 ("indicating the beginning unit in a series") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 is more about general order/time/space.
    *   Sense 4 is about the beginning part of a single entity (like a verse in a poem).
    *   Sense 5 is about rank/quality.
    *   Sense 6 is about music.

    *   "First grade" is the 1st grade.
    *   Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st". This is the most precise fit for ordinal numbers used in a series like school grades.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: grade
Target surface form: grade
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first <t>grade</t>, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=grade%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, form, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
2. sense_key=grade%1:26:00:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=level, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=grade%1:07:01:: | definition=the gradient of a slope or road or other surface | examples=the road had a steep grade
4. sense_key=grade%1:23:00:: | definition=one-hundredth of a right angle | synonyms=grad
5. sense_key=grade%1:10:00:: | definition=a degree of ablaut | synonyms=gradation
6. sense_key=grade%1:09:00:: | definition=a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance) | synonyms=mark, score | examples=she made good marks in algebra; grade A milk
7. sense_key=grade%1:07:02:: | definition=the height of the ground on which something stands | synonyms=ground level | examples=the base of the tower was below grade
8. sense_key=grade%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
9. sense_key=grade%1:05:00:: | definition=a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding with a superior breed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `grade`
    *   Target surface form: `grade`
    *   Context: "...We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first <t>grade</t>, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `grade%1:14:00::`: a body of students who are taught together (synonyms: class, form, course)
        2.  `grade%1:26:00::`: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group (synonyms: level, tier)
        3.  `grade%1:07:01::`: the gradient of a slope or road or other surface
        4.  `grade%1:23:00::`: one-hundredth of a right angle
        5.  `grade%1:10:00::`: a degree of ablaut
        6.  `grade%1:09:00::`: a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance)
        7.  `grade%1:07:02::`: the height of the ground on which something stands
        8.  `grade%1:07:00::`: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
        9.  `grade%1:05:00::`: a variety of cattle produced by crossbreeding

    *   The phrase is "the first grade".
    *   The context is about "schooling", "educational system", and "pre-kindergarten years".
    *   "First grade" refers to the first year of elementary school, which is a group of students taught together.

    *   Sense 1: "a body of students who are taught together" (synonyms: class, form, course). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 6: "a number or letter indicating quality" (mark, score). This refers to a grade *received* on a test, not a grade *level* in school.
    *   Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group". This is more general (e.g., grade of lumber).
    *   Sense 8: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". Also too general.

    *   The context "first grade" in the context of schooling clearly refers to the school level/class. Sense 1 is the most specific and accurate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the <t>difference</t> is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `difference`
    *   Context: "We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the <t>difference</t> is quickly washed away."
    *   Meaning: The text discusses the effect of early schooling on performance. It says performance improves in the first grade, but then that *improvement* or *distinction* (the gap between those who had early schooling and those who didn't) disappears.

    *   Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" (General difference/distinction).
    *   Sense 2: "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm" (Deviation).
    *   Sense 3: "a disagreement or argument about something important" (Conflict).
    *   Sense 4: "a significant change" (Impact/Effect).
    *   Sense 5: "the number that remains after subtraction" (Mathematical difference).

    *   The context refers to the *gap* or *distinction* in performance between two groups (those with early schooling vs. those without).
    *   Is it a "significant change" (Sense 4)? No, the "difference" isn't the change itself, but the *result* of the intervention (the gap in performance).
    *   Is it a "mathematical remainder" (Sense 5)? While performance can be measured numerically, it's used here in a more general sense of "distinction" or "disparity."
    *   Is it a "deviation from the norm" (Sense 2)? Not exactly.
    *   Is it "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" (Sense 1)? Yes. The "difference" is the state of being different (better performance) between the two groups.

    *   "the difference is quickly washed away" means the distinction/gap in performance disappears.
    *   Sense 1 (the quality of being unlike or dissimilar) fits best here as it describes the disparity between the groups.

    *   Sense 1: General distinction/dissimilarity.
    *   Sense 4: "made a real difference" (impact). The sentence doesn't say "early schooling made a difference," but rather "the difference [the gap created] is washed away."

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar".
    *   Example: "there are many differences between jazz and rock".
    *   In the context: "the difference [in performance between the groups] is quickly washed away." This is a classic use of "difference" as a distinction or disparity.

    *   Sense 1: Dissimilarity/Distinction.
    *   Sense 2: Deviation.
    *   Sense 3: Dispute.
    *   Sense 4: Significant change/effect.
    *   Sense 5: Mathematical subtraction.

    The "difference" being washed away is the disparity in performance. This is a state of being unlike (one group performing better than the other).

    *Self-Correction:* Could it be Sense 4? "his support made a real difference". No, the sentence says "the difference is quickly washed away," not "the schooling made a difference." The "difference" is the *result* (the gap), not the *effect* (the act of changing).

    *Self-Correction:* Could it be Sense 5? "the number that remains after subtraction". In statistics/education research, the "difference" is often the numerical subtraction of means. However, in general English, this is usually mapped to the general sense of "distinction" unless it's explicitly mathematical. Sense 1 is the most encompassing for "disparity."

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar".
    If Group A scores 90 and Group B scores 80, the "difference" is the fact that they are not the same.

    Let's check Sense 4 again: "a significant change". "The difference in her is amazing." This refers to a change over time in one person. Not applicable here.

    Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: quickly
Target surface form: quickly
Context:
They are inevitably inclined to echo the conventional pap, since this is the least controversial option that is open to them. Thus at the recent governors' conference on education, Gov. Bill Clinton of Arkansas announced that "this country needs a comprehensive child-development policy for children under five. "A comprehensive development policy for governors over 30 would seem to be a more pressing need. What Gov. Clinton is advocating, in effect, is extending the educational system down to the pre-kindergarten years. Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is <t>quickly</t> washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=quickly%4:02:00:: | definition=with rapid movements | synonyms=rapidly, speedily, chop-chop, apace | examples=he works quickly
2. sense_key=quickly%4:02:02:: | definition=with little or no delay | synonyms=promptly, quick | examples=the rescue squad arrived promptly; come here, quick!
3. sense_key=quickly%4:02:03:: | definition=without taking pains | synonyms=cursorily | examples=he looked cursorily through the magazine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "quickly"
    *   Context: "...very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is <t>quickly</t> washed away."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `quickly%4:02:00::`: with rapid movements (rapidly, speedily)
        2.  `quickly%4:02:02::`: with little or no delay (promptly)
        3.  `quickly%4:02:03::`: without taking pains (cursorily)

    *   The sentence says the difference in performance is "quickly washed away."
    *   This means the advantage disappears rapidly over time.
    *   It doesn't mean "without taking pains" (sense 3).
    *   It doesn't mean "with little or no delay" in the sense of a prompt response (sense 2).
    *   It means the process of the difference disappearing happens at a fast rate (rapidly).

    *   Sense 1: "with rapid movements" / "rapidly, speedily". While "rapid movements" usually refers to physical motion, "rapidly" is the general term for a fast rate of change.
    *   Sense 2: "with little or no delay" / "promptly". This usually refers to the start time of an action (e.g., "he responded quickly").
    *   Sense 3: "without taking pains" / "cursorily". This refers to lack of thoroughness.

    *   "The difference is quickly washed away" means the difference disappears rapidly.
    *   Comparing "rapidly" (Sense 1) vs "promptly" (Sense 2).
    *   "Rapidly" describes the speed of the process (the washing away).
    *   "Promptly" describes the timing of the start.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Sense 1: rapid movements / rapidly.
    *   Sense 2: little or no delay / promptly.
    *   Sense 3: without taking pains / cursorily.
    *   The context "quickly washed away" refers to the speed of the process of disappearance. This aligns best with "rapidly" (Sense 1).