[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: winner
Target surface form: winners
Context:
But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize <t>winners</t>, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=winner%1:18:00:: | definition=the contestant who wins the contest | synonyms=victor
2. sense_key=winner%1:18:01:: | definition=a gambler who wins a bet
3. sense_key=winner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person with a record of successes | synonyms=achiever, success, succeeder | examples=his son would never be the achiever that his father was; only winners need apply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `winner`
    *   Target surface form: `winners`
    *   Context: "...a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize <t>winners</t>, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `winner%1:18:00::`: the contestant who wins the contest (synonym: victor)
        2.  `winner%1:18:01::`: a gambler who wins a bet
        3.  `winner%1:18:02::`: a person with a record of successes (synonyms: achiever, success, succeeder)

    *   The phrase is "Nobel prize winners".
    *   A Nobel Prize is an award given to people who have made significant contributions to a specific field.
    *   While it's an "award", is it a "contest" in the sense of a competition with a winner and losers (like a race or a game)? Not exactly, though it's often categorized as such in a broad sense.
    *   Is it a "gambler who wins a bet"? No.
    *   Is it a "person with a record of successes" (achiever)? Yes, Nobel laureates are definitely achievers.

    *   Sense 1: "the contestant who wins the contest". A Nobel Prize is awarded based on achievement, not usually a "contest" in the competitive sense (like a sports match). However, in many datasets, "prize winner" maps to the person who wins the prize.
    *   Sense 3: "a person with a record of successes". This is a more general description of a successful person.

    *   "Nobel prize winners" refers to the people who were awarded the prize.
    *   In WordNet, "winner" as in "prize winner" usually falls under the sense of someone who wins a competition or contest.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "the contestant who wins the contest".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 3: "a person with a record of successes".
    *   Usually, "Nobel Prize winner" is treated as the person who won the specific award (the "contest" of being selected for the prize).
    *   However, looking at the synonyms for Sense 3: "achiever, success, succeeder". A Nobel Prize winner is the epitome of an achiever.
    *   Wait, let's look at the specific phrasing "Nobel prize winners". In common usage, the person who wins a prize is the "winner" of that prize.
    *   Is a Nobel Prize a "contest"? In a broad sense, yes.
    *   Is a Nobel Prize winner a "person with a record of successes"? Yes.
    *   Comparing the two: Sense 1 is more specific to the act of winning a specific thing (the prize), whereas Sense 3 is a general characterization of the person.
    *   Actually, looking at how WordNet typically handles "prize winner", it often maps to the person who wins the competition/contest.
    *   Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "his son would never be the achiever that his father was; only winners need apply". This refers to a general trait of being a "winner" in life.
    *   "Nobel prize winners" refers to the specific people who won the prize. This fits Sense 1 ("the contestant who wins the contest") better than the general "successful person" (Sense 3), because the "winner" is tied directly to the "Nobel prize".

    *   Sense 1: Winner of a contest/competition.
    *   Sense 3: A successful person in general.
    *   "Nobel prize winners" -> The people who won the Nobel prize.
    *   The Nobel Prize is an award given to the "winner" of the selection process.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most precise fit for "prize winner".

    *   Wait, is a Nobel Prize a "contest"? It's an award.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "a person with a record of successes".
    *   If I say "He is a winner", I mean Sense 3.
    *   If I say "He is the winner of the race", I mean Sense 1.
    *   If I say "He is a Nobel prize winner", I am referring to the specific award he won.
    *   In most WSD tasks, "prize winner" maps to the "contestant who wins" sense.

    *   Sense 1: contestant who wins the contest.
    *   Sense 3: person with a record of successes.
    *   "Nobel prize winners" = people who won the prize.
    *   The prize is the "contest" (broadly defined).
    *   Sense 1 is the standard choice for "winner of [specific award/competition]".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yahoo
Target surface form: Yahoo
Context:
But experience shows that in reality immigrants are much more complementary to, rather than replacements of, local labor, exercising trades in which there is a shortage of local labor. Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and <t>Yahoo</t> were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yahoo%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is not very intelligent or interested in culture | synonyms=yokel, rube, hick, hayseed, bumpkin, chawbacon
2. sense_key=yahoo%1:18:00:: | definition=one of a race of brutes resembling men but subject to the Houyhnhnms in a novel by Jonathan Swift
3. sense_key=yahoo%1:10:00:: | definition=a widely used search engine for the web that finds information, news, images, products, finance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `yahoo`
    *   Target surface form: `Yahoo`
    *   Context: "...whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and <t>Yahoo</t> were all founded by immigrants..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `yahoo%1:18:01::`: a person who is not very intelligent or interested in culture (yokel, rube, etc.)
        2.  `yahoo%1:18:00::`: a race of brutes in a novel by Jonathan Swift.
        3.  `yahoo%1:10:00::`: a widely used search engine for the web...

    *   The word "Yahoo" appears in a list of companies: "Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo".
    *   The sentence discusses companies founded by immigrants.
    *   Yahoo is a well-known technology company/search engine.

    *   Sense 1 (unintelligent person) does not fit.
    *   Sense 2 (Swift's brutes) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (search engine/web company) fits perfectly.

    *   The best sense is index 3.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contributor
Target surface form: contributors
Context:
Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net <t>contributors</t> to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contributor%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money | synonyms=subscriber
2. sense_key=contributor%1:18:01:: | definition=a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `contributor`
    *   Target surface form: `contributors`
    *   Context: "Migrants are also net <t>contributors</t> to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries."
    *   Further context: "The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."

    *   Sense 1: `someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money` (synonym: subscriber).
    *   Sense 2: `a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book`.

    *   The text discusses immigrants' impact on the economy and social systems.
    *   It specifically mentions "net contributors to social systems" and "net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets".
    *   This clearly refers to people who put money into a system (via taxes, etc.) more than they take out.
    *   Sense 1 (someone who contributes a sum of money) fits this financial context.
    *   Sense 2 (a writer) is completely irrelevant.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the financial/economic context of contributing to social systems and public budgets.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
Unskilled immigrants work in sectors, which do not attract local labor and the most highly skilled ones in dynamic sectors where training does is not linked to offers of employment. A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total <t>budgets</t> of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `budget`
    *   Target surface form: `budgets`
    *   Context: "Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total <t>budgets</t> of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `budget%1:21:02::`: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose.
        2.  `budget%1:21:03::`: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them.

    *   The text discusses immigrants contributing to "social systems" and "public budgets".
    *   It mentions "net contribution (receipts less expenditure)".
    *   "Total budgets of European countries" refers to the overall financial resources/funds available to the state/government.
    *   Sense 1 refers to a sum of money allocated (the fund itself).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the *document* or *plan* (the summary of intended expenditures).

    *   In the phrase "1% of the total budgets of European countries", it's referring to the money/funds, not the planning documents.
    *   In "contribution... to public budgets", it's referring to the financial pool/funds.
    *   Sense 1 ("a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose") fits better than Sense 2 ("a summary of intended expenditures"). While "public budget" often refers to the plan, in the context of "contributing to the budget", it refers to the financial resources of the state.

    *   Sense 1: Sum of money.
    *   Sense 2: Plan/Summary.
    *   Context: "net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets". You contribute money to a fund/sum, not to a summary document.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: labor
Target surface form: Labor
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World <t>Labor</t> Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=labor%1:14:00:: | definition=a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | synonyms=labour, working class, proletariat | examples=there is a shortage of skilled labor in this field
2. sense_key=labor%1:04:00:: | definition=productive work (especially physical work done for wages) | synonyms=labour, toil | examples=his labor did not require a great deal of skill
3. sense_key=labor%1:26:00:: | definition=concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of contractions to the birth of a child | synonyms=parturiency, labour, confinement, lying-in, travail, childbed | examples=she was in labor for six hours
4. sense_key=labor%1:14:04:: | definition=an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement | synonyms=labor movement, trade union movement
5. sense_key=labor%1:14:02:: | definition=a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and formerly the socialization of key industries | synonyms=British Labour Party, Labour Party, Labour
6. sense_key=labor%1:14:01:: | definition=the federal department responsible for promoting the working conditions of wage earners in the United States; created in 1913 | synonyms=Department of Labor, Labor Department, DoL
7. sense_key=labor%1:04:01:: | definition=any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted | synonyms=undertaking, project, task | examples=he prepared for great undertakings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `labor`
    *   Target surface form: `Labor`
    *   Context: "The World <t>Labor</t> Organisation estimates that for example in Germany..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `labor%1:14:00::`: social class (working class, proletariat)
        2.  `labor%1:04:00::`: productive work (physical work for wages)
        3.  `labor%1:26:00::`: childbirth
        4.  `labor%1:14:04::`: organized attempt by workers (labor movement)
        5.  `labor%1:14:02::`: British Labour Party
        6.  `labor%1:14:01::`: US Department of Labor
        7.  `labor%1:04:01::`: any piece of work (undertaking, project)

    *   The phrase is "The World Labor Organisation" (usually known as the International Labour Organization or ILO).
    *   The context discusses wages, immigrants, economic growth, and social systems.
    *   The "World Labor Organisation" refers to an organization concerned with labor standards, workers' rights, and the general concept of labor as a social class or workforce.

    *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages" (synonyms: labour, working class, proletariat).
    *   Sense 2: "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)".
    *   Sense 4: "an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action".
    *   Sense 6: "the federal department... in the United States".

    *   The "World Labor Organisation" (ILO) is an agency of the UN that deals with labor standards and the welfare of the working class/workforce.
    *   While "labor" in "World Labor Organisation" refers to the concept of work/workers, in the context of an organization's name, it typically refers to the workforce or the social class of workers (Sense 1).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
        *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages"
        *   Sense 2: "productive work (especially physical work done for wages)"
    *   The ILO (International Labour Organization) focuses on the *people* (the workers/labor force) and their conditions.
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 1: "labour, working class, proletariat".
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 2: "labour, toil".
    *   In the phrase "World Labor Organisation", "Labor" acts as a modifier for "Organisation". It refers to the collective of workers or the field of employment/workforce.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (the class/workforce) and Sense 2 (the act of working), Sense 1 is a better fit for the name of an organization that represents workers.

    *   Wait, let me double-check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 1: "a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages"
    *   Sense 2: "productive work"
    *   Sense 4: "organized attempt by workers"
    *   The ILO is an organization *for* labor (the workers).
    *   In many dictionaries, "labor" in this context refers to the workforce. Sense 1 ("a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages") is the closest match to "workforce" or "the working class".

    *   Sense 1: social class/workforce.
    *   Sense 2: the activity of working.
    *   The "World Labor Organisation" is about the people and their rights, not just the activity of working.

    *   Sense 1: labor%1:14:00:: (social class/working class)
    *   Sense 2: labor%1:04:00:: (productive work)
    *   Sense 4: labor%1:14:04:: (labor movement)
    *   Sense 6: labor%1:14:01:: (US Dept of Labor)

    The ILO is an international body that sets labor standards. "Labor" here refers to the workforce/working class. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organisation
Target surface form: Organisation
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor <t>Organisation</t> estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organisation%1:14:01:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, establishment, brass, organization | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
2. sense_key=organisation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who work together | synonyms=organization
3. sense_key=organisation%1:09:00:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, system | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
4. sense_key=organisation%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, system | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here
5. sense_key=organisation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of organizing a business or an activity related to a business | synonyms=organization | examples=he was brought in to supervise the organization of a new department
6. sense_key=organisation%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity or result of distributing or disposing persons or things properly or methodically | synonyms=organization | examples=his organization of the work force was very efficient
7. sense_key=organisation%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, establishment, formation, organization | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `organisation`
    *   Target surface form: `Organisation`
    *   Context: "The World Labor <t>Organisation</t> estimates that for example in Germany..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `organisation%1:14:01::`: administration, governance, governing body (the people who make up a body for administering).
        2.  `organisation%1:14:00::`: a group of people who work together (general organization).
        3.  `organisation%1:09:00::`: an organized structure for arranging or classifying (arrangement, system).
        4.  `organisation%1:07:00::`: an ordered manner; orderliness (methodical).
        5.  `organisation%1:04:00::`: the act of organizing a business or activity.
        6.  `organisation%1:04:01::`: the activity or result of distributing persons or things properly.
        7.  `organisation%1:04:02::`: the act of forming or establishing something.

    *   The phrase is "The World Labor Organisation" (likely referring to the International Labour Organization - ILO).
    *   In this context, "Organisation" refers to an entity, an institution, or a group of people working together for a specific purpose (international labor standards/research).

    *   Sense 1: Focuses on the *administration* or *governing body* (the "brass"). While the ILO has an administration, the phrase "The World Labor Organisation" refers to the entity as a whole, not just its governing board.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people who work together". This is the general definition of an organization as an institution/entity.
    *   Sense 3: "an organized structure for arranging or classifying". (Incorrect - this is about arrangement of data/topics).
    *   Sense 4: "an ordered manner; orderliness". (Incorrect - this is about being methodical).
    *   Sense 5: "the act of organizing a business". (Incorrect - this is an action).
    *   Sense 6: "the activity or result of distributing persons". (Incorrect - this is an action/result).
    *   Sense 7: "the act of forming or establishing something". (Incorrect - this is an action).

    *   Sense 2 is the most fitting. It describes an organization as a collective entity/group of people working together, which fits "The World Labor Organisation".

    *   Sense 1: "the persons... who make up a body for the purpose of administering something".
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people who work together".
    *   Usually, "The [Name] Organisation" refers to the entity itself (Sense 2) rather than just its administration (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 2 is the standard meaning for an institution like the ILO.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: age
Target surface form: age
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the <t>age</t> of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=age%1:07:00:: | definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. sense_key=age%1:28:02:: | definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. sense_key=age%1:28:00:: | definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld
4. sense_key=age%1:28:03:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
5. sense_key=age%1:28:01:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `age`
    *   Target surface form: `age`
    *   Context: "...an immigrant arriving at the <t>age</t> of 30..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `age%1:07:00::`: how long something has existed (e.g., "replaced because of its age").
        2.  `age%1:28:02::`: an era of history (e.g., "litigious age").
        3.  `age%1:28:00::`: a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises (e.g., "school age").
        4.  `age%1:28:03::`: a prolonged period of time (e.g., "for ages").
        5.  `age%1:28:01::`: a late time of life (e.g., "old age").

    *   The phrase is "at the age of 30".
    *   This refers to the specific point in a person's life measured in years.

    *   Sense 1: Duration of existence. (Close, but usually refers to the state of being old or the total time).
    *   Sense 2: Historical era. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: A time of life (usually defined in years). (Matches perfectly: "at the age of 30").
    *   Sense 4: A long time. (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Old age. (Incorrect).

    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "a time of life (usually defined in years)". This is the standard meaning for "at the age of X".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contribution
Target surface form: contribution
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net <t>contribution</t> (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contribution%1:04:02:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=part, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work
2. sense_key=contribution%1:21:00:: | definition=a voluntary gift (as of money or service or ideas) made to some worthwhile cause | synonyms=donation
3. sense_key=contribution%1:04:00:: | definition=act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to a charity | synonyms=donation
4. sense_key=contribution%1:21:01:: | definition=an amount of money contributed | examples=he expected his contribution to be repaid with interest
5. sense_key=contribution%1:04:01:: | definition=a writing for publication especially one of a collection of writings as an article or story

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `contribution`
    *   Target surface form: `contribution`
    *   Context: "The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net <t>contribution</t> (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."

    *   Sense 1: `contribution%1:04:02::` - the part played by a person in bringing about a result (e.g., advancing a project).
    *   Sense 2: `contribution%1:21:00::` - a voluntary gift (money, service, ideas) to a worthwhile cause (synonym: donation).
    *   Sense 3: `contribution%1:04:00::` - act of giving in common with others for a common purpose especially to a charity (synonym: donation).
    *   Sense 4: `contribution%1:21:01::` - an amount of money contributed (example: repaid with interest).
    *   Sense 5: `contribution%1:04:01::` - a writing for publication.

    *   The context mentions "a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets".
    *   This refers to a specific *amount of money* (150,000 Euros) that is the result of taxes paid minus benefits received.
    *   It is not a "voluntary gift" (Sense 2) or a "donation to charity" (Sense 3).
    *   It is not a "part played in bringing about a result" in the abstract sense (Sense 1), although it is a financial result.
    *   It is not a writing (Sense 5).
    *   It is a specific *amount of money* contributed to the public budget.

    *   Sense 4: "an amount of money contributed". This fits perfectly with "a net contribution... of an average of 150,000 Euros".

    *   Sense 1: Too general/abstract.
    *   Sense 2: "Voluntary gift" - taxes/social security contributions are not voluntary gifts.
    *   Sense 3: "Act of giving... especially to a charity" - not a charity.
    *   Sense 4: "An amount of money contributed" - fits the monetary value mentioned.
    *   Sense 5: Not a writing.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expenditure
Target surface form: expenditure
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less <t>expenditure</t>) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expenditure%1:21:00:: | definition=money paid out; an amount spent | synonyms=outgo, spending, outlay
2. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of spending money for goods or services | synonyms=expending
3. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of consuming something | synonyms=consumption, using up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expenditure`
    *   Target surface form: `expenditure`
    *   Context: "...an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less <t>expenditure</t>) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `expenditure%1:21:00::`: money paid out; an amount spent (synonyms: outgo, spending, outlay)
        2.  `expenditure%1:04:00::`: the act of spending money for goods or services (synonyms: expending)
        3.  `expenditure%1:04:01::`: the act of consuming something (synonyms: consumption, using up)

    *   The phrase is "receipts less expenditure".
    *   "Receipts" refers to the money received (income/revenue).
    *   "Less expenditure" means subtracting the money spent from the money received to find the "net contribution".
    *   This refers to the *amount* of money spent, not the *act* of spending it.

    *   Sense 1: "money paid out; an amount spent". This fits perfectly. It describes the quantity of money.
    *   Sense 2: "the act of spending money". This describes the process/action, not the amount.
    *   Sense 3: "the act of consuming something". This is too general and doesn't fit the financial context of "receipts less expenditure".

    *   The context "receipts less expenditure" clearly points to the financial amount spent.
    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an <t>average</t> of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `average`
    *   Target surface form: `average`
    *   Context: "...an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an <t>average</t> of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."

    *   Sense 1: `average%1:09:00::` - a statistic describing the location of a distribution (synonym: norm).
    *   Sense 2: `average%1:24:00::` - (sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities.
    *   Sense 3: `average%1:09:01::` - an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual.

    *   The sentence discusses a calculated net contribution of 150,000 Euros.
    *   This value is presented as a representative figure for a group (immigrants arriving at age 30).
    *   It's a statistical measure (the mean/average) of the distribution of contributions.

    *   Sense 2 (sports) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 refers to being "about average in height" or "below average," which describes a position relative to a norm or a typical value.
    *   Sense 1 refers to the statistic itself (the mean, median, or mode) describing the location of a distribution.

    *   "an average of 150,000 Euros" refers to the calculated statistical mean of the contributions.
    *   Sense 1: "a statistic describing the location of a distribution".
    *   Sense 3: "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual".

    Wait, let's look closer.
    "an average of 150,000 Euros"
    Is it the *statistic* (Sense 1) or the *typical value* (Sense 3)?
    In many contexts, these are very close. However, "an average of [number]" usually refers to the calculated mean (the statistic).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: "a statistic describing the location of a distribution" (e.g., the mean).
    Sense 3: "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual" (e.g., "he is of average height").

    In the sentence "an average of 150,000 Euros", the word "average" is used as a noun to denote the mean value calculated from a set of data. This fits the definition of a statistic describing the location of a distribution.

    Let's check if Sense 3 fits better. "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual". This is more about a quality or a position on a scale (average height, average intelligence).

    The context "The World Labor Organisation estimates that... will make a net contribution... of an average of 150,000 Euros" strongly suggests a statistical mean.

    Sense 1: `average%1:09:00::` (statistic)
    Sense 3: `average%1:09:01::` (normal/usual value)

    Comparing "an average of 150,000 Euros" to "he is about average in height":
    The first is a specific calculated number (the mean). The second is a general description of being in the middle of a range.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most precise fit for a statistical estimate.

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check the WordNet definitions again.
    Sense 1: "a statistic describing the location of a distribution"
    Sense 3: "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual"

    If I say "The average temperature was 20 degrees," is that Sense 1 or Sense 3? Usually, that's the mean (Sense 1).
    If I say "The temperature was average," that's Sense 3.

    In "an average of 150,000 Euros", "average" is the noun referring to the mean value. This is a statistic.

    Sense 1: `average%1:09:00::`
    Sense 2: `average%1:24:00::`
    Sense 3: `average%1:09:01::`

    The target is "an average of 150,000 Euros". This is the mean value.

    Wait, let me look at the provided sense indices in the prompt.
    1. sense_key=average%1:09:00::
    2. sense_key=average%1:24:00::
    3. sense_key=average%1:09:01::

    Sense 1 is the statistic. Sense 3 is the "normal/usual" value.
    The phrase "an average of X" almost always refers to the statistical mean.

    Final check:
    Context: "will make a net contribution... of an average of 150,000 Euros"
    Sense 1: "a statistic describing the location of a distribution" -> Fits perfectly.
    Sense 3: "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual" -> Fits less well, as it's more about a general quality.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public <t>budgets</t> during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `budget`
    *   Target surface form: `budgets`
    *   Context: "...Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `budget%1:21:02::`: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose (e.g., "the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year").
        2.  `budget%1:21:03::`: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them (e.g., "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress").

    *   The text mentions "total budgets of European countries" and "public budgets".
    *   It discusses "net contribution (receipts less expenditure)".
    *   In the context of "public budgets" or "total budgets of European countries," it refers to the overall financial plan/account of the state, encompassing both revenue (receipts) and spending (expenditure).

    *   Sense 1: "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose". This usually refers to a specific pot of money (e.g., a project budget, a department budget).
    *   Sense 2: "a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them". This refers to the broader fiscal plan of a government or organization.

    *   "Public budgets" in the context of national finances (receipts less expenditure) aligns more closely with the concept of a government's overall financial plan/summary of expenditures and revenues (Sense 2) than a specific allocation for a single purpose (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate. "Total budgets of European countries" and "public budgets" often refer to the total amount of money the government manages/spends.
    *   Sense 1: "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose".
    *   Sense 2: "a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them".
    *   Actually, when people talk about "the national budget" or "public budgets," they are often referring to the financial statement/plan (Sense 2). However, they can also be referring to the total amount of money available (Sense 1).
    *   Looking at the phrase "net contribution (receipts less expenditure) ... to public budgets", it implies the overall financial pool/account of the state.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year" (amount of money).
        *   Sense 2: "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress" (the document/plan).
    *   In "contributing to public budgets", the "budget" is the financial entity/pool of funds.
    *   Is a "public budget" a "sum of money allocated for a particular purpose" (the purpose being the running of the state) or a "summary of intended expenditures"?
    *   Usually, "contributing to the budget" means adding to the funds available for the government's spending. This leans towards the "sum of money" (Sense 1) rather than the "summary document" (Sense 2).
    *   However, in a macroeconomic sense, "the budget" often refers to the balance of receipts and expenditures.
    *   Let's re-read: "averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries." This sounds like a proportion of the total spending/financial scale.
    *   "make a net contribution... to public budgets".
    *   If I contribute money to a budget, I am adding to the funds.
    *   Sense 1: "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose".
    *   Sense 2: "a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them".
    *   If the context is "receipts less expenditure", it's talking about the fiscal balance.
    *   Let's compare:
        *   "The government's budget is $1 trillion" (Sense 1 - amount).
        *   "The government's budget was passed by parliament" (Sense 2 - plan/document).
    *   "Contribution to public budgets" suggests the funds themselves.
    *   Wait, let's look at the WordNet definitions again.
        *   Sense 1: "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose".
        *   Sense 2: "a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them".
    *   In the phrase "total budgets of European countries", it refers to the total amount of money these countries spend/manage. This fits Sense 1 better than Sense 2 (which is the *plan* or *document*).

    *   "1% of the total budgets" -> 1% of the total amount of money.
    *   "contribution... to public budgets" -> adding money to the public funds.
    *   Sense 1 is about the money. Sense 2 is about the plan/summary.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mandate
Target surface form: mandate
Context:
In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his <t>mandate</t> to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mandate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document giving an official instruction or command | synonyms=authorization, authorisation
2. sense_key=mandate%1:15:00:: | definition=a territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after World War I and put under the tutelage of some other European power until they are able to stand by themselves | synonyms=mandatory
3. sense_key=mandate%1:04:00:: | definition=the commission that is given to a government and its policies through an electoral victory

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `mandate`
    *   Target surface form: `mandate`
    *   Context: "Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his <t>mandate</t> to look for missing points of growth 'with the teeth.'"
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `mandate%1:10:00::`: a document giving an official instruction or command.
        2.  `mandate%1:15:00::`: a territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after WWI.
        3.  `mandate%1:04:00::`: the commission that is given to a government and its policies through an electoral victory.

    *   The sentence refers to "Nicolas Sarkozy" and "the start of his mandate".
    *   Nicolas Sarkozy was the President of France.
    *   In the context of a political leader (like a president), a "mandate" refers to the period of time they are in office or the authority granted to them by the voters.

    *   Sense 1: A document (instruction/command). Not fitting here.
    *   Sense 2: A territory (post-WWI). Not fitting here.
    *   Sense 3: The commission given to a government/leader through an electoral victory. This fits perfectly, as it refers to the term/authority of a political leader.

    *   The best sense is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of <t>growth</t> "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "growth"
    *   Context: "...the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth... Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth 'with the teeth.'"
    *   Key phrase: "economic growth" and "points of growth".

    *   Sense 1: (biology) individual organism growing organically. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms (e.g., growth of culture). (Too abstract)
    *   Sense 3: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important (synonyms: increase, increment; examples: increase in unemployment, growth of population). (Fits "economic growth" - an increase in economic output/value).
    *   Sense 4: vegetation that has grown. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 5: gradual beginning or coming forth (emergence). (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 6: (pathology) abnormal proliferation of tissue. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 7: something grown or growing (e.g., growth of hair). (Incorrect)

    *   "Economic growth" refers to an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy. This aligns perfectly with Sense 3 ("a process of becoming larger... or more important", synonyms: "increase, increment").

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: question
Context:
Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in <t>question</t>, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `question`
    *   Target surface form: `question`
    *   Context: "Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth 'with the teeth.' The teeth in <t>question</t>, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect."

    *   The phrase is "The teeth in question".
    *   In this context, "in question" is an idiomatic expression meaning "the one being discussed," "the one under consideration," or "the one previously mentioned."
    *   The "teeth" refer back to the "teeth" mentioned in the previous sentence ("look for missing points of growth 'with the teeth'").

    *   Sense 1: `an instance of questioning` (inquiry, enquiry) - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 2: `the subject matter at issue` (synonym: head) - This fits the meaning of "the thing being discussed" or "the matter at hand."
    *   Sense 3: `a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply` (interrogative) - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4: `uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something` (doubt) - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5: `a formal proposal for action` (motion) - Doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6: `an informal reference to a marriage proposal` - Doesn't fit.

    *   "The teeth in question" means the teeth that are the subject of the discussion/sentence.
    *   Sense 2: "the subject matter at issue".
    *   Example for Sense 2: "the question of disease merits serious discussion".
    *   While "in question" is often treated as a fixed phrase, in WordNet's structure for "question" (noun), the sense referring to the matter being discussed is Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: Inquiry (No)
    *   Sense 2: Subject matter at issue (Yes)
    *   Sense 3: Interrogative sentence (No)
    *   Sense 4: Doubt (No)
    *   Sense 5: Motion (No)
    *   Sense 6: Marriage proposal (No)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effect
Context:
Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite <t>effect</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `effect`
    *   Target surface form: `effect`
    *   Context: "...The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite <t>effect</t>."
    *   Meaning: The actions (the "teeth") intended to dissuade immigrants actually produced the opposite result/consequence.

    *   Sense 1: `a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon` (synonyms: consequence, outcome, result).
    *   Sense 2: `an outward appearance` (synonyms: impression).
    *   Sense 3: `an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived)`.
    *   Sense 4: `the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work` (synonyms: essence, burden, core, gist).
    *   Sense 5: `(of a law) having legal validity` (synonyms: force).
    *   Sense 6: `a symptom caused by an illness or a drug`.

    *   The context describes a cause (the "teeth" intended to dissuade immigrants) and its result (the "opposite effect").
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" (consequence, outcome, result).

    *   Sense 2/3 (impression) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 4 (gist) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 5 (legal validity) doesn't fit.
    *   Sense 6 (medical symptom) doesn't fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pound
Target surface form: pound
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pound%1:23:09:: | definition=16 ounces avoirdupois | synonyms=lb | examples=he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds
2. sense_key=pound%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid
3. sense_key=pound%1:23:10:: | definition=a unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces troy
4. sense_key=pound%1:23:08:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Syria; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Syrian pound
5. sense_key=pound%1:23:07:: | definition=the basic unit of money in the Sudan; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Sudanese pound
6. sense_key=pound%1:23:05:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Lebanon; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Lebanese pound
7. sense_key=pound%1:23:04:: | definition=formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=Irish pound, Irish punt, punt
8. sense_key=pound%1:23:03:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Egypt; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Egyptian pound
9. sense_key=pound%1:23:02:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Cyprus; equal to 100 cents | synonyms=Cypriot pound
10. sense_key=pound%1:23:00:: | definition=a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec | synonyms=lbf.
11. sense_key=pound%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972) | synonyms=Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
12. sense_key=pound%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain) | synonyms=pound sign
13. sense_key=pound%1:06:00:: | definition=a public enclosure for stray or unlicensed dogs | synonyms=dog pound | examples=unlicensed dogs will be taken to the pound
14. sense_key=pound%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows) | synonyms=hammer, hammering, pounding | examples=the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard; the pounding of feet on the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pound`
    *   Target surface form: `pound`
    *   Context: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA."
    *   Key phrase: "multi-million pound fine"

    *   Sense 1: 16 ounces avoirdupois (weight)
    *   Sense 2: basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (currency)
    *   Sense 3: unit of apothecary weight (weight)
    *   Sense 4: basic unit of money in Syria (currency)
    *   Sense 5: basic unit of money in the Sudan (currency)
    *   Sense 6: basic unit of money in Lebanon (currency)
    *   Sense 7: formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland (currency)
    *   Sense 8: basic unit of money in Egypt (currency)
    *   Sense 9: basic unit of money in Cyprus (currency)
    *   Sense 10: unit of force (physics)
    *   Sense 11: Ezra Pound (person)
    *   Sense 12: symbol for a unit of currency (symbol)
    *   Sense 13: public enclosure for dogs (place)
    *   Sense 14: act of pounding (action)

    *   The context "multi-million pound fine" clearly refers to a currency.
    *   Deutsche Bank is a German bank, but the fine is described as "multi-million pound".
    *   In international finance and news, "pound" without qualification almost always refers to the British pound sterling (GBP).
    *   Comparing the currency options:
        *   Sense 2: Great Britain and Northern Ireland (British pound sterling)
        *   Sense 4: Syria
        *   Sense 5: Sudan
        *   Sense 6: Lebanon
        *   Sense 7: Ireland (former)
        *   Sense 8: Egypt
        *   Sense 9: Cyprus
    *   The most likely currency for a "multi-million pound fine" involving a major global bank like Deutsche Bank is the British pound sterling.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t> Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `usa`
    *   Target surface form: `USA`
    *   Context: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `usa%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states... (The country)
        2.  `usa%1:14:00::`: the army of the United States of America... (The US Army)

    *   The sentence says "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA".
    *   A bank pays a fine to a government or regulatory body within a country.
    *   It is highly unlikely that a bank is paying a fine to the "US Army" (sense 2).
    *   It is very likely that the bank is paying a fine in the "United States of America" (sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: The country (United States).
    *   Sense 2: The army (US Army).
    *   The context clearly refers to the country.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trouble
Target surface form: trouble
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh <t>trouble</t> is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trouble%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=trouble%1:11:01:: | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
3. sense_key=trouble%1:11:00:: | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
4. sense_key=trouble%1:04:02:: | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
5. sense_key=trouble%1:12:03:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
6. sense_key=trouble%1:26:02:: | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "trouble"
    *   Target surface form: "trouble"
    *   Context: "Fresh <t>trouble</t> is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA."
    *   Surrounding context: "As if the problems at home were not already enough...", "settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy..."

    *   Sense 1: `trouble%1:09:00::` | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
    *   Sense 2: `trouble%1:11:01::` | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
    *   Sense 3: `trouble%1:11:00::` | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
    *   Sense 4: `trouble%1:04:02::` | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
    *   Sense 5: `trouble%1:12:03::` | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
    *   Sense 6: `trouble%1:26:02::` | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

    *   The sentence says "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar...".
    *   The "trouble" refers to the "multi-million pound fine in the USA".
    *   The text later refers to "the problems at home".
    *   This fits the definition of "a source of difficulty" or "problem".

    *   Sense 1: "a source of difficulty" / "problem". (Fits well: the fine is a problem/source of difficulty).
    *   Sense 2: "an angry disturbance" / "fuss". (The fine itself isn't a disturbance, though it might cause one).
    *   Sense 3: "an event causing distress or pain". (Usually refers to health issues like "heart trouble" or a general state of distress).
    *   Sense 4: "an effort that is inconvenient". (Doesn't fit; the fine isn't an "effort").
    *   Sense 5: "a strong feeling of anxiety". (The fine is the cause, not the feeling itself).
    *   Sense 6: "an unwanted pregnancy". (Irrelevant).

    *   Sense 1 is the most direct match. The context explicitly links "trouble" with "problems" ("As if the problems at home were not already enough").

    *   Sense 1: `trouble%1:09:00::` (problem)
    *   Sense 2: `trouble%1:11:01::` (fuss/disturbance)
    *   Sense 3: `trouble%1:11:00::` (distress/pain)
    *   Sense 4: `trouble%1:04:02::` (effort)
    *   Sense 5: `trouble%1:12:03::` (worry)
    *   Sense 6: `trouble%1:26:02::` (pregnancy)

    The target word "trouble" in "Fresh trouble is following..." refers to the legal/financial problem of the fine. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uproar
Target surface form: uproar
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the <t>uproar</t> around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uproar%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of commotion and noise and confusion | synonyms=tumult, tumultuousness, garboil
2. sense_key=uproar%1:11:00:: | definition=loud confused noise from many sources | synonyms=hubbub, brouhaha, katzenjammer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `uproar`
    *   Target surface form: `uproar`
    *   Context: "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the <t>uproar</t> around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `uproar%1:26:00::`: a state of commotion and noise and confusion (synonyms: tumult, tumultuousness, garboil)
        2.  `uproar%1:11:00::`: loud confused noise from many sources (synonyms: hubbub, brouhaha, katzenjammer)

    *   The "uproar around Josef Ackermann" refers to a public outcry, a scandal, or a state of agitation/commotion regarding the CEO.
    *   It's not literally "loud confused noise from many sources" (like a crowd shouting in a stadium), but rather a state of public turmoil or commotion.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of commotion and noise and confusion" (tumult). This fits the idea of a public scandal or a state of agitation.
    *   Sense 2: "loud confused noise from many sources" (hubbub). This is more about the auditory experience of noise.

    *   In the context of a CEO and a financial scandal, "uproar" means a state of public agitation or commotion.
    *   Sense 1 (commotion/tumult) is a better fit for a general state of public outcry than Sense 2 (loud noise/hubbub).

    *   Sense 1: state of commotion.
    *   Sense 2: loud noise.
    *   The "uproar around Josef Ackermann" is a state of commotion/scandal.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pound
Target surface form: pound
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pound%1:23:09:: | definition=16 ounces avoirdupois | synonyms=lb | examples=he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds
2. sense_key=pound%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid
3. sense_key=pound%1:23:10:: | definition=a unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces troy
4. sense_key=pound%1:23:08:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Syria; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Syrian pound
5. sense_key=pound%1:23:07:: | definition=the basic unit of money in the Sudan; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Sudanese pound
6. sense_key=pound%1:23:05:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Lebanon; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Lebanese pound
7. sense_key=pound%1:23:04:: | definition=formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=Irish pound, Irish punt, punt
8. sense_key=pound%1:23:03:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Egypt; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Egyptian pound
9. sense_key=pound%1:23:02:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Cyprus; equal to 100 cents | synonyms=Cypriot pound
10. sense_key=pound%1:23:00:: | definition=a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec | synonyms=lbf.
11. sense_key=pound%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972) | synonyms=Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
12. sense_key=pound%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain) | synonyms=pound sign
13. sense_key=pound%1:06:00:: | definition=a public enclosure for stray or unlicensed dogs | synonyms=dog pound | examples=unlicensed dogs will be taken to the pound
14. sense_key=pound%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows) | synonyms=hammer, hammering, pounding | examples=the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard; the pounding of feet on the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `pound`
    *   Target surface form: `pound`
    *   Context: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA... Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA... Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes..."

    *   The word "pound" is used as an adjective/modifier for "fine" (multi-million pound fine).
    *   The context discusses financial penalties (fines) and mentions other currencies (dollars, Euros).
    *   The phrase "multi-million pound fine" refers to a currency.

    *   1: 16 ounces avoirdupois (weight) - Incorrect.
    *   2: basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland (British pound) - Possible.
    *   3: unit of apothecary weight - Incorrect.
    *   4: basic unit of money in Syria - Unlikely.
    *   5: basic unit of money in Sudan - Unlikely.
    *   6: basic unit of money in Lebanon - Unlikely.
    *   7: formerly basic unit of money in Ireland - Unlikely.
    *   8: basic unit of money in Egypt - Unlikely.
    *   9: basic unit of money in Cyprus - Unlikely.
    *   10: unit of force - Incorrect.
    *   11: Ezra Pound (writer) - Incorrect.
    *   12: symbol for a unit of currency - Incorrect (it's the currency itself, not the symbol).
    *   13: public enclosure for dogs - Incorrect.
    *   14: act of pounding - Incorrect.

    *   The context mentions "multi-million pound fine".
    *   It then clarifies the amount in dollars (145 million) and Euros (106 million).
    *   Wait, if the fine is in dollars and Euros, why does the headline say "multi-million pound fine"?
    *   Looking closer at the text: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA... Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA... Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros)".
    *   In British English, "pound" is often used generically or specifically for the British Pound Sterling. Even if the fine is in dollars, a British news source (or a source writing for a British audience) might use "pound" as a general term for a large sum of money or, more likely, they are converting the dollar amount into pounds for the headline.
    *   Regardless of whether the fine was *originally* in pounds or just *described* as a "multi-million pound fine" (meaning a fine worth millions of pounds), the sense of "pound" here is clearly the currency.
    *   Among the currency options (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), the British pound (sense 2) is the standard meaning of "pound" when not specified otherwise, especially in international financial contexts.

    *   Sense 2: "the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence" (British pound).

    *   The context is about a financial fine.
    *   "multi-million pound fine" -> currency.
    *   Sense 2 is the British pound.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t>. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `usa`
    *   Target surface form: `USA`
    *   Context: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA... Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t>... the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `usa%1:15:00::`: North American republic containing 50 states (the country).
        2.  `usa%1:14:00::`: The army of the United States of America (the military branch).

    *   The context discusses Deutsche Bank paying a fine "in the USA".
    *   It mentions "the industry giant's past in the USA".
    *   It mentions settling disputes arising from the bankruptcy of credit unions.
    *   This clearly refers to the country (the United States of America), not the US Army.

    *   Sense 1: North American republic (Country) - Matches.
    *   Sense 2: Army of the USA (Military) - Does not match.