[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `family`
    *   Target surface form: `families`
    *   Context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

    *   Sense 1: Social unit living together (household).
    *   Sense 2: Primary social group (parents and children).
    *   Sense 3: Collection of things sharing a common attribute (class, category).
    *   Sense 4: People descended from a common ancestor (family line, kinfolk).
    *   Sense 5: A person having kinship (kin).
    *   Sense 6: (Biology) Taxonomic group (genera).
    *   Sense 7: Organized crime (mob).
    *   Sense 8: Association of people sharing beliefs (fellowship).

    *   The sentence discusses breast cancer striking "multiple members of certain families" and mentions a gene being "inherited in a damaged form."
    *   Inheritance happens through biological descent from common ancestors.
    *   "Multiple members of certain families" refers to people related by blood/ancestry.

    *   Sense 1 (household) is too narrow (living together).
    *   Sense 2 (parents/children) is too narrow (nuclear family).
    *   Sense 4 (people descended from a common ancestor) fits perfectly with the concept of genetic inheritance and familial predisposition to cancer.
    *   Sense 6 (taxonomic group) is biological but refers to classification of species, not human kinship.

    *   Sense 4: "people descended from a common ancestor" / "family line, folk, kinfolk". This matches the context of genetic inheritance.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherited`
    *   Context: "...the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `obtain from someone after their death` (e.g., castle)
        2.  `receive from a predecessor` (e.g., problems from a previous chair)
        3.  `receive by genetic transmission` (e.g., eyesight from mother)

    *   The sentence discusses a "gene" (p53) and how it may "predispose women to the cancer" when "inherited in a damaged form."
    *   The context is biological/genetic (cancer-suppressing gene, chromosome 17, families).
    *   "Inherited" here refers to the transmission of a gene from parents to offspring.

    *   Sense 1: Financial/property inheritance after death. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 2: Receiving a situation or role from a predecessor. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Receiving traits or genes via genetic transmission. (Correct)

    *   The context clearly points to genetic transmission.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `damaged`
    *   Target surface form: `damaged`
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `damaged%3:00:00::`: harmed or injured or spoiled (e.g., damaged goods, damaged buildings).
        2.  `damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00`: being unjustly brought into disrepute (e.g., discredited politician, damaged reputation).

    *   The context discusses genetics, specifically the p53 gene and its role in cancer.
    *   It mentions "mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies."
    *   The phrase "inherited in a damaged form" refers to a genetic mutation or a defect in the gene's structure/function.

    *   Sense 1: "harmed or injured or spoiled". In a biological/genetic context, a "damaged" gene is one that is mutated or non-functional (spoiled/harmed in its biological role).
    *   Sense 2: "being unjustly brought into disrepute" (discredited). This refers to reputation or social standing. A gene cannot have a "disreputable" reputation in this scientific sense.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the physical/biological context of a mutated gene.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "form"
    *   Context: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the p53 gene, mutations, and how a "damaged form of p53" (mentioned earlier in the text) can lead to cancer.

    *   1: Phonological/orthographic sound/appearance of a word. (Incorrect)
    *   2: A category of things distinguished by some common characteristic (kind, sort, variety). (Possible, but maybe too general)
    *   3: A perceptual structure (shape, pattern). (Incorrect)
    *   4: Spatial attributes (shape, configuration). (Incorrect)
    *   5: Human body. (Incorrect)
    *   6: Spatial arrangement vs. substance. (Incorrect)
    *   7: Visual appearance. (Incorrect)
    *   8: Printed document. (Incorrect)
    *   9: (Biology) A group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways (variant, strain). (Close, but this refers to organisms, not genes/molecules)
    *   10: Arrangement of elements in a composition/discourse. (Incorrect)
    *   11: A particular mode in which something is manifested. (Possible)
    *   12: (Physical chemistry) A distinct state of matter (phase). (Incorrect)
    *   13: A body of students. (Incorrect)
    *   14: Ability to perform well. (Incorrect)
    *   15: Life-size dummy. (Incorrect)
    *   16: Mold for concrete. (Incorrect)

    *   The sentence is: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
    *   Earlier in the text: "...he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene."
    *   In genetics, a "damaged form" of a gene refers to a specific version or variant of that gene (a mutation).
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 (kind, sort, variety) and Sense 9 (variant, strain).
    *   Sense 9 specifically mentions biology, but it says "a group of organisms within a species." A gene is not an organism.
    *   Sense 2 is "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" (kind, sort, variety). A "damaged form" of a gene is a variety or kind of that gene.
    *   Sense 11 is "a particular mode in which something is manifested." (e.g., "resentment took the form of hostility"). This doesn't fit as well as "variety/kind".

    *   Is "damaged form" a "variety" or "kind" of the gene? Yes.
    *   Is it a "variant" in the biological sense of Sense 9? Sense 9 says "group of organisms," which is too specific.
    *   Is it a "mode of manifestation" (Sense 11)? Not really.
    *   Is it a "category" (Sense 2)? Yes, a specific version/variety.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 2 again: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   If we say "a damaged form of the gene," we mean a specific variety or version of that gene.

    *   Let's double-check if there's a better fit.
    *   Sense 2: "sculpture is a form of art" (category).
    *   Sense 9: "a new strain of microorganisms" (variant).
    *   In the context of a gene, "form" often means "allele" or "variant." While Sense 9 mentions "variant," it restricts it to "a group of organisms."
    *   Sense 2 is broader and covers "variety."

    *   Let's re-read the context: "damaged form of p53". This means a version of the p53 gene that is mutated.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 11:
        *   Sense 2: kind, sort, variety.
        *   Sense 11: a particular mode in which something is manifested.
    *   "Damaged form" fits "variety" or "kind" better than "mode of manifestation."

    *   Wait, let me look at Sense 9 again. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var."
    *   If the target is a gene, it's not an organism.

    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   A "damaged form" of a gene is a variety of that gene.

    *   Is there any other sense?
    *   Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   If we say "the disease took the form of a rash," that's Sense 11.
    *   If we say "a damaged form of the gene," we are talking about the gene itself being in a certain state or variety.

    *   Let's compare "damaged form of p53" with "variety of p53". That works.
    *   Let's compare "damaged form of p53" with "kind of p53". That works.

    *   Let's check if "form" in biology can mean something else. In some contexts, "form" refers to a morph or a variant.
    *   Looking at the options again, Sense 2 seems the most plausible general sense for "variety/version."

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 9 one more time. "a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". This is definitely for organisms (like a subspecies or variety of plant).

    *   Let's re-examine Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   Example: "sculpture is a form of art".
    *   "A damaged form of p53" -> "A damaged variety of p53".

    *   Is there any other possibility?
    *   Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested".
    *   Example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility".
    *   This is more about how an abstract quality (resentment) shows up. A gene is a physical entity.

    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

    *   Target: "form"
    *   Context: "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form..."
    *   Meaning: a specific version, variety, or kind of the gene.
    *   Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety".
    *   This fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "...since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:00::`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
        2.  `woman%1:18:01::`: a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man
        3.  `woman%1:18:02::`: a human female employed to do housework
        4.  `woman%1:14:00::`: women as a class

    *   The sentence discusses breast cancer and how a damaged gene may predispose "women" to the cancer.
    *   In this context, "women" refers to adult female persons in general who are susceptible to breast cancer.

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a female person who plays a significant role... in the life of a particular man". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "a human female employed to do housework". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class". While "women" is plural, the context is about the biological predisposition of adult female persons, not "womanhood" as an abstract class or concept.

    *   Sense 1 is the most direct and accurate description of the people being discussed (adult female persons).

    *   The target word "women" is the plural of "woman".
    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person" (plural: adult female persons).
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class" (singular: woman as a class).
    *   The sentence "may predispose women to the cancer" refers to the individuals who are female, not the abstract concept of womanhood.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses the p53 gene, malignant growth, tumors, breast cancer, lung cancer, and cancer-suppressing genes. Specifically, the target word is in the sentence: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division... (malignant neoplastic disease)
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: a small zodiacal constellation...
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: the fourth sign of the zodiac...
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, discussing genes (p53), tumors, and diseases (breast cancer, lung cancer).
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the disease caused by abnormal cell growth.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition of cancer.
    *   Senses 2, 3, 4, and 5 refer to astrology or biology (crabs), which are irrelevant here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: implicate
Target surface form: implicated
Context:
Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `implicate`
    *   Target surface form: `implicated`
    *   Context: "The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses the p53 gene's role in cancer formation, specifically how it's mutated or missing in breast and lung cancer cells.

    *   Sense 1: `implicate%2:42:01::` | definition: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" | examples: "He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government"
    *   Sense 2: `implicate%2:42:00::` | definition: "impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result" | synonyms: "entail" | examples: "What does this move entail?"

    *   The sentence "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer" means that the gene has been shown to be involved in or responsible for the development of lung cancer.
    *   Sense 1 ("bring into intimate and incriminating connection") is typically used for crimes or wrongdoing (e.g., "implicated in a crime"). However, in scientific contexts, "implicated in a disease" is a common metaphorical use of this sense, meaning the factor is linked to the cause of the disease.
    *   Sense 2 ("impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result" / "entail") doesn't fit here. The gene isn't "entailing" lung cancer in the sense of a logical consequence or a necessary accompaniment of a move.

    *   While "incriminating" usually refers to legal guilt, in medical/biological literature, "implicated in" is the standard term for showing that a gene or protein is involved in the pathogenesis of a disease. This aligns with the "connection" aspect of Sense 1.
    *   Sense 2 is about logical entailment or necessary results.

    *   Sense 1: Connection to a "crime" (or in this case, a disease/pathology).
    *   Sense 2: Logical entailment.
    *   The context clearly points to the gene being linked to the cause of the cancer.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `report`
    *   Context: "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific findings regarding the p53 suppressor gene and its role in various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin). It mentions researchers in Edinburgh and John Minna at the National Cancer Institute.

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:10:01::` - the act of informing by verbal report (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (synonyms: news report, story, account, write up).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound (gun firing).
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (assignment).
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:09:00::` - general estimation (reputation).

    *   The context is scientific research.
    *   "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    *   This refers to a formal communication of scientific findings.
    *   Sense 1 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") fits perfectly. Scientific papers or reports are documents describing findings.
    *   Sense 3 ("a short account of the news") is more about journalism (news report). While the text might be *from* a news article, the "report" mentioned is the source of the scientific data (the study/document).
    *   Sense 2 ("act of informing by verbal report") is less likely given the context of scientific research usually being published or presented as a document.
    *   Senses 4, 5, 6, and 7 are clearly incorrect.

    *   The phrase "In a report out last week" suggests a publication or a formal presentation of results.
    *   Synonyms for Sense 1: "study, written report".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
    *   This matches the context of John Minna and colleagues reporting their findings on lung cancer cells.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "last"
    *   Target surface form: "last"
    *   Context: "In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues..."
    *   Target word usage: "last week"

    *   Sense 1: `immediately past` (Examples: "last Thursday", "the last chapter we read")
    *   Sense 2: `coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining` (Examples: "the last time I saw Paris", "the last day of the month")
    *   Sense 3: `occurring at or forming an end or termination` (Synonyms: concluding, final, terminal)
    *   Sense 4: `most unlikely or unsuitable`
    *   Sense 5: `occurring at the time of death`
    *   Sense 6: `conclusive in a process or progression`
    *   Sense 7: `highest in extent or degree`
    *   Sense 8: `not to be altered or undone`
    *   Sense 9: `lowest in rank or importance`

    *   The phrase is "last week".
    *   In this context, "last week" refers to the week immediately preceding the current one.
    *   This matches Sense 1: "immediately past" (Example: "last Thursday").

    *   Sense 1: "immediately past" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "coming after all others" -> This would mean the final week of a period (e.g., the last week of the year), which is not the case here.
    *   Sense 3: "occurring at or forming an end" -> Similar to Sense 2, not applicable.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "week"
    *   Target surface form: "week"
    *   Context: "In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `week%1:28:00::`: any period of seven consecutive days.
        2.  `week%1:28:01::`: hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek).
        3.  `week%1:28:02::`: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (calendar week).

    *   The phrase is "last week".
    *   "Last week" typically refers to the previous calendar week or the seven-day period immediately preceding the current one.
    *   Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days".
    *   Sense 2: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" (workweek). This doesn't fit "last week" in the context of a report being released.
    *   Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" (calendar week).

    *   In common usage, "last week" refers to the most recent completed calendar week.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (any 7 days) and Sense 3 (calendar week starting Sunday).
    *   Usually, when people say "last week", they are referring to the calendar week, not just any arbitrary 7-day window.
    *   However, WordNet's distinction between `week%1:28:00` (any 7 days) and `week%1:28:02` (calendar week) is often subtle.
    *   Let's look at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week" (duration of 7 days).
        *   Sense 3: (no example provided, but definition is "starting on Sunday").
    *   "Last week" is a temporal reference to a specific block of time on the calendar.

    *   Sense 1 is the general term for a 7-day period.
    *   Sense 3 is the specific calendar definition.
    *   In most WSD tasks for "last week", "this week", "next week", the "calendar week" sense is preferred over the "any 7 days" sense.

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate. "Last week" is a very common expression. Does it strictly mean the week starting Sunday? In the US, yes. In other places, it might start Monday.
    *   Sense 1 is the most general.
    *   Let's look at the context again: "In a report out last week..."
    *   This is referring to a specific time period in the past.
    *   If I have to choose between "any period of seven consecutive days" and "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday", the calendar week (Sense 3) is the standard interpretation of "last week".

    *   Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
    *   Sense 2: workweek.
    *   Sense 3: calendar week.
    *   "Last week" refers to the previous calendar week.

    *   Sense 1: "it rained for a week" (duration).
    *   Sense 3: "calendar week" (specific time block).
    *   "Last week" is a time block.

    *   Sense 1: `week%1:28:00`
    *   Sense 2: `week%1:28:01`
    *   Sense 3: `week%1:28:02`
    *   The most appropriate is Sense 3.

    *Self-Correction:* Actually, in many WordNet-based datasets, "last week" is often mapped to the general "period of seven days" (Sense 1) unless the specific calendar start date is relevant. But "calendar week" (Sense 3) is a more precise fit for "last week" than "any period of seven days". Let's double-check.
    If I say "I'll be there in a week", that's Sense 1.
    If I say "I'll see you next week", that's Sense 3.
    "Last week" is like "next week".

    Let's re-read Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days".
    Let's re-read Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".

    In the phrase "last week", the speaker is referring to the previous calendar week.

    *Wait*, looking at common WordNet usage patterns:
    Sense 1 is often used for both duration and the general concept of a week.
    Sense 3 is very specific about starting on Sunday.
    Is "last week" always starting on Sunday? Not necessarily (depends on the culture).
    However, "calendar week" is the intended meaning of "last week" regardless of whether it starts on Sunday or Monday.

    Let's compare:
    "It rained for a week" -> Sense 1 (duration).
    "Last week, it rained" -> Sense 3 (calendar week).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `say`
    *   Context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - General communication.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Often used for claims or reporting findings, especially when they might be contested or are formal reports.
    *   Sense 3: express a supposition (suppose) - Hypothetical.
    *   Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read) - Used for texts (e.g., "The law says...").
    *   Sense 5: give instructions/direct (order, tell) - Command.
    *   Sense 6: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce) - Phonetics.
    *   Sense 7: communicate or express nonverbally - Non-verbal.
    *   Sense 8: utter aloud - Physical act of speaking.
    *   Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - Opinion.
    *   Sense 10: recite or repeat a fixed text - Ritual/Prayer.
    *   Sense 11: indicate - (e.g., "The clock says...").

    *   The sentence is: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   The "saying" is happening within the context of a scientific report.
    *   They are reporting findings/results of their research.
    *   This fits "report or maintain" (Sense 2) or "express in words" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1 (express in words) is very general.
    *   Sense 2 (report or maintain) is more specific to reporting information, alleging, or averring. In scientific writing, when researchers "say" something in a report, they are reporting their findings.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war."
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you."
    *   In the context of a scientific report ("In a report out last week... say that..."), the researchers are reporting their findings. This aligns well with "report or maintain".

    *   Wait, let me re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: report, maintain, allege, aver.
    *   "John Minna and colleagues... say that about half the cells... are missing this gene."
    *   This is a statement of fact/finding from a report.
    *   Is it an "allegation" or "averment"? Not necessarily in the legal sense, but in the sense of reporting a claim based on evidence.
    *   Actually, in many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "say" in the context of reporting research findings is often mapped to the general "state" or "report" sense.
    *   Let's look at the nuances again. Sense 1 is "express in words". Sense 2 is "report or maintain".
    *   If the context is "In a report... they say", the act of saying is the act of reporting.

    *   Sense 1: express in words (state, tell)
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver)
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 2: "allege, aver". These often imply a claim that may or may not be proven. Scientific findings are claims based on data.
    *   Looking at the synonyms for Sense 1: "state, tell".
    *   Comparing "state" vs "report". "State" is very neutral. "Report" is more specific to the context of a report.
    *   However, Sense 2's definition is "report or maintain".

    *   "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues... say that..."
    *   This is a classic reporting verb.
    *   Sense 2 specifically includes "report".

    *   Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" (Direct communication of a desire).
    *   Sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (Maintaining a position or reporting a situation).
    *   The scientific context "say that [finding]" is closer to reporting a situation/finding than simply expressing a personal desire or telling someone something.

    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: report, maintain, allege, aver.
    *   The context is "In a report... [they] say". This strongly points to the "report" meaning.

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Sense 2: report or maintain.
    *   The target "say" is used to introduce the content of a report. "Report" is explicitly in the definition of Sense 2.

    *   Sense 1: state, tell.
    *   Sense 2: report, maintain.
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one, and "report" is in the definition of Sense 2, and the context is "In a report... they say", Sense 2 is the most precise.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "about"
    *   Target surface form: "about"
    *   Context: "...John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

    *   Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct (approximately, roughly).
    *   Sense 2: all around or on all sides (around).
    *   Sense 3: in the area or vicinity (around).
    *   Sense 4: movement to or among many different places (around).
    *   Sense 5: in or to a reversed position or direction (around).
    *   Sense 6: in rotation or succession.
    *   Sense 7: slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost).

    *   The phrase is "about half the cells".
    *   "Half" is a quantity.
    *   "About" here means "approximately" or "roughly".

    *   Sense 1 matches "approximately" and "of quantities".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cell`
    *   Target surface form: `cells`
    *   Context: "...John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Small compartment (honeycomb).
        2.  (Biology) basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
        3.  Electric current device.
        4.  Political movement unit (cadre).
        5.  Mobile phone.
        6.  Monk/nun room.
        7.  Prisoner room.

    *   The context mentions "cancer formation", "gene", "breast tumors", "chromosome 17", "lung cancer", "National Cancer Institute", and "lung cancer tissue".
    *   The specific phrase is "cells taken from lung cancer tissue".
    *   This clearly refers to the biological unit of life.

    *   Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals".
    *   This matches the context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 17}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." and "...missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Meaning: In both instances, "taken" refers to cells or tissue being removed from a source (lung cancer tissue, kidney, brain, and skin cancers) for the purpose of testing or analysis.

    *   1: carry out (take action) - No.
    *   2: require (time or space) - No.
    *   3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   4: get into one's hands, take physically (get hold of) - Possible, but usually implies grasping.
    *   5: take on a certain form - No.
    *   6: interpret something - No.
    *   7: take something with oneself somewhere (bring, convey) - No.
    *   8: take into one's possession - No.
    *   9: travel by means of transportation - No.
    *   10: pick out, select, or choose - Possible, but "taken from" usually implies removal.
    *   11: receive willingly - No.
    *   12: assume positions or roles - No.
    *   13: take into consideration - No.
    *   14: require as useful - No.
    *   15: experience or feel - No.
    *   16: make a film or photograph - No.
    *   17: remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract (synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw) - This fits perfectly. "Cells taken from tissue" means cells removed from tissue.
    *   18: consume regularly - No.
    *   19: accept or undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   20: make use of or accept for some purpose - No.
    *   21: take by force - No.
    *   22: occupy or take on (position) - No.
    *   23: admit into a group - No.
    *   24: ascertain or determine by measuring - No.
    *   25: be a student of - No.
    *   26: take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   27: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   28: point or cause to go towards - No.
    *   29: be seized or affected - No.
    *   30: have with oneself - No.
    *   31: engage for service (rent) - No.
    *   32: receive or obtain regularly (subscribe) - No.
    *   33: buy, select - No.
    *   34: get into a position of having (safety) - No.
    *   35: have sex with - No.
    *   36: lay claim to - No.
    *   37: be designed to hold - No.
    *   38: be capable of holding - No.
    *   39: develop a habit - No.
    *   40: proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   42: be stricken by an illness - No.

    *   Sense 17: "remove something concrete... synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw".
    *   Context: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" = "cells removed from lung cancer tissue".
    *   This is the most accurate description of the action of taking a biopsy or sample.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "tissue"
    *   Target surface form: "tissue"
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs... of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `tissue%1:08:00::`: part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function.
        2.  `tissue%1:27:02::`: a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper).

    *   The context discusses cancer research, genes (p53), tumors, and cells taken from "lung cancer tissue", "kidney, brain and skin cancers".
    *   This clearly refers to biological tissue (aggregates of cells), not paper.

    *   Sense 1: Biological tissue.
    *   Sense 2: Paper tissue.
    *   The context matches Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: test
Target surface form: tested
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `test`
    *   Target surface form: `tested`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene."
    *   Meaning: The researchers examined cells from lung cancer tissue to see if they were missing the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: `put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to` (e.g., "Test this recipe"). Not quite right; they aren't testing the quality of the cells or trying them out.
    *   Sense 2: `test or examine for the presence of disease or infection` (e.g., "screen the blood for the HIV virus"). This is close, but they are testing the *tissue* (which already has the disease) for a *genetic mutation/absence*, not testing the *patient* for the *presence* of the disease.
    *   Sense 3: `examine someone's knowledge of something` (e.g., "The teacher tests us"). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: `show a certain characteristic when tested` (e.g., "He tested positive"). Incorrect (this is an intransitive use).
    *   Sense 5: `achieve a certain score or rating on a test` (e.g., "She tested high"). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: `determine the presence or properties of (a substance)`. This fits well. The "substance" is the lung cancer tissue/cells, and they are determining the presence/absence of the p53 gene.
    *   Sense 7: `undergo a test`. Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2 is about screening for disease/infection.
    *   Sense 6 is about determining the presence or properties of a substance.
    *   In the context, the researchers are analyzing cells (substance) to see if a specific gene is missing (property/presence). This is a laboratory analysis of a sample.

    *   Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)".
    *   Context: "...cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
    *   This matches perfectly. They are determining the property (missing gene) of the substance (cells).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: miss
Target surface form: missing
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=miss%2:39:00:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
2. sense_key=miss%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
3. sense_key=miss%2:42:01:: | definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
4. sense_key=miss%2:31:00:: | definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
5. sense_key=miss%2:38:00:: | definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
6. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
7. sense_key=miss%2:35:00:: | definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target
8. sense_key=miss%2:42:02:: | definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
9. sense_key=miss%2:32:00:: | definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `miss`
    *   Target surface form: `missing`
    *   Context: "...about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene."
    *   Meaning: The cells do not have the p53 gene.

    *   Sense 1: fail to perceive or catch (e.g., "missed that remark") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: feel or suffer from the lack of (e.g., "misses his mother") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: fail to attend an event (e.g., "missed the concert") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: leave undone or leave out (e.g., "miss that typo") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: fail to reach or get to (e.g., "missed her train") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 6: be without (synonym: lack) (e.g., "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!") - This fits perfectly. The cells "lack" the gene.
    *   Sense 7: fail to reach (e.g., "arrow missed the target") - Incorrect.
    *   Sense 8: be absent (e.g., "child had been missing for a week") - This usually refers to a person or object that is lost or gone, rather than a component that is absent from a structure.
    *   Sense 9: fail to experience (e.g., "missed the hurricane") - Incorrect.

    *   The sentence says "cells... are missing this gene."
    *   This means the cells *lack* the gene.
    *   Sense 6 definition: "be without" / synonym: "lack". Example: "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!"
    *   Sense 8 definition: "be absent". Example: "The child had been missing for a week".
    *   Comparing Sense 6 and Sense 8: Sense 6 is about lacking a component or part (like salt in soup or a gene in a cell). Sense 8 is about a person or object being gone/lost.

Sense 6 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `report`
    *   Target surface form: `reports`
    *   Context: "There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses scientific findings regarding the p53 suppressor gene in various cancers. It mentions a "report out last week" by John Minna and colleagues (which refers to a scientific study/document). Then it mentions "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished".

    *   Sense 1: `report%1:10:03::` - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: study, written report).
    *   Sense 2: `report%1:10:01::` - the act of informing by verbal report (synonyms: account).
    *   Sense 3: `report%1:10:00::` - a short account of the news (synonyms: news report, story, account, write up).
    *   Sense 4: `report%1:11:00::` - a sharp explosive sound.
    *   Sense 5: `report%1:10:04::` - a written evaluation of a student's scholarship (report card).
    *   Sense 6: `report%1:10:02::` - an essay (composition, paper).
    *   Sense 7: `report%1:09:00::` - general estimation (reputation).

    *   The context is scientific research.
    *   "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished" refers to findings/results from scientific studies.
    *   Sense 1 ("a written document describing the findings of some individual or group") fits perfectly with scientific studies/findings from labs.
    *   Sense 2 ("act of informing by verbal report") is less likely given the context of "unpublished" (which implies a written form is expected/pending).
    *   Sense 3 ("short account of the news") is for journalism, not scientific research findings.
    *   Senses 4, 5, 6, and 7 are clearly incorrect.

    *   The phrase "as yet unpublished" strongly suggests that these "reports" are intended to be written documents (scientific papers/studies).
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "findings of some individual or group" and lists "study" as a synonym. This is the standard way to refer to scientific results in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "yet"
    *   Target surface form: "yet"
    *   Context: "There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

    *   Sense 1: "up to the present time" (e.g., "I have yet to see the results")
    *   Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" (synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet)
    *   Sense 3: "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons" (synonyms: even, still)
    *   Sense 4: "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time" (synonyms: in time)
    *   Sense 5: "used after a superlative" (synonyms: so far)
    *   Sense 6: "despite anything to the contrary" (synonyms: however, nevertheless)

    *   The phrase is "as yet unpublished".
    *   "Unpublished" is a negative state (not published).
    *   "As yet" is explicitly listed as a synonym for Sense 2.
    *   The meaning is "up to the present time, they have not been published".

    *   Sense 1: "up to the present time" (often used with "have yet to").
    *   Sense 2: "used in negative statement... up to the present time" (synonyms: "as yet").
    *   The phrase "as yet unpublished" fits Sense 2 perfectly because "unpublished" is a negative and "as yet" is a direct synonym.

    *   Sense 2 is the best fit.