[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `country`
    *   Target surface form: `country`
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Key clues: "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country", "Britain's most prestigious churches", "This being Britain".

    *   Sense 1: A politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation).
    *   Sense 2: The territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
    *   Sense 3: The people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
    *   Sense 4: An area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
    *   Sense 5: A particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (area).

    *   The context refers to "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country" and immediately follows with references to "Britain's most prestigious churches" and "This being Britain".
    *   The "country" here refers to the entire nation of Britain.
    *   Is it the *political body* (Sense 1), the *territory* (Sense 2), or the *people* (Sense 3)?
    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" usually refers to the geographical/territorial extent of the nation (the land/territory of Britain).
    *   Comparing Sense 1 (political body) and Sense 2 (territory):
        *   Sense 1: "the state has elected a new president"
        *   Sense 2: "he visited several European countries"
    *   In the phrase "the oldest [group] in the country", "country" typically refers to the territory/nation as a geographical entity.
    *   Sense 4 (rural area) is incorrect because the context mentions "inner-city churches" and "Britain's most prestigious churches" (like St. Paul's in London), indicating it's not just the rural countryside.
    *   Sense 5 (indefinite boundary) is too vague.
    *   Sense 3 (the people) doesn't fit "the oldest group in the people".

    *   Sense 1 (political body) vs Sense 2 (territory).
    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" refers to the geographical area of the nation.
    *   Example for Sense 2: "he visited several European countries".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "African nations".
    *   Usually, when talking about the "oldest [something] in the country", it refers to the territory/nation.

    *   Sense 1: Politically organized body.
    *   Sense 2: Territory occupied by a nation.
    *   In "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country", the group exists *within* the territory of Britain.

    *   Sense 1: state, nation, land, commonwealth.
    *   Sense 2: state, land.
    *   Sense 3: nation, land.
    *   Sense 4: rural area.
    *   Sense 5: area.

    *   "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" -> The country is Britain.
    *   Is it the political entity or the territory?
    *   Usually, "in the country" in this context means "in the nation" (territory).
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "the territory occupied by a nation".
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a politically organized body of people under a single government".
    *   The group is located *in* the country. Location implies territory.

    *   Sense 2 is the most fitting for "in the country" when referring to a nation's territory.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: found
Target surface form: founded
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation
4. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
5. sense_key=detect%2:39:00:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
6. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=find, regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
8. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find, feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
9. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
10. sense_key=line_up%2:40:00:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up, find | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
11. sense_key=discover%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover, find | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
12. sense_key=discover%2:31:00:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover, find | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
13. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | synonyms=find | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
14. sense_key=rule%2:32:00:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule, find | examples=find someone guilty
15. sense_key=receive%2:30:01:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
16. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | synonyms=find | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
17. sense_key=recover%2:40:00:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, find, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
18. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | synonyms=find | examples=The arrow found its mark
19. sense_key=find_oneself%2:30:00:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself, find | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `found`
    *   Target surface form: `founded`
    *   Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only..."
    *   Meaning: The group was established or started in 1637.

    *   Sense 1: `found%2:41:00::` | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program.
    *   Sense 2: `found%2:36:00::` | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department.
    *   Sense 3: `found%2:31:00::` | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation.
    *   Senses 4-19: Various meanings of "find" (discover, determine, perceive, etc.), which are not applicable here.

    *   The context is about the creation/establishment of an organization (the Ancient Society of College Youths).
    *   Sense 1: "set up or found" (synonyms: establish, set up, launch).
    *   Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute).
    *   Sense 3: "use as a basis for" (not applicable).

    *   Sense 1 and Sense 2 are very similar.
    *   Sense 1: "set up or found" (e.g., a literacy program).
    *   Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (e.g., a new department).
    *   Looking closer at WordNet's typical distinctions:
        *   `found%2:41:00` (Sense 1) often refers to establishing an institution or organization.
        *   `found%2:36:00` (Sense 2) often refers to laying the foundation or groundwork.
    *   In the context "the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637", it means the society was established/started.
    *   Comparing "set up or found" (1) vs "set up or lay the groundwork for" (2).
    *   Usually, "founded in [year]" refers to the act of establishing the organization.
    *   Let's re-examine the synonyms:
        *   Sense 1: establish, set up, launch.
        *   Sense 2: establish, plant, constitute, institute.
    *   Actually, in many WordNet versions, `found%2:41:00` is the primary sense for establishing an organization. Let's check the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "She set up a literacy program."
    *   Sense 2: "establish a new department."
    *   Both are very close. However, "founded in 1637" is the classic usage of "found" meaning to establish an organization.
    *   Let's look at the sense keys provided:
        *   `found%2:41:00`
        *   `found%2:36:00`
    *   Wait, let me look at the definitions again.
        *   1: "set up or found"
        *   2: "set up or lay the groundwork for"
    *   "Founded in 1637" refers to the establishment of the society. Sense 1 is the most direct fit for "establishing an organization".

    *   Sense 1: set up or found (establish, set up, launch)
    *   Sense 2: set up or lay the groundwork for (establish, plant, constitute, institute)
    *   Sense 3: use as a basis for (base, ground)
    *   The society was established. Sense 1 is the most common fit for "founded in [year]".

    *Self-Correction:* Let me double-check if there's a nuance between "founding a society" and "founding a department". Usually, "found" (Sense 1) is the general term for establishing an institution. Sense 2's "lay the groundwork for" suggests a more preparatory phase or a structural establishment. "Founded in 1637" is a statement of the date of establishment.

    Let's look at the synonyms again.
    Sense 1: establish, set up, launch.
    Sense 2: establish, plant, constitute, institute.

    Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy (if I recall), `found%2:41:00` is often the one used for organizations.

    Let's re-read:
    1. set up or found
    2. set up or lay the groundwork for

    "The Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637..."
    This is the act of establishing the society. Sense 1 fits perfectly.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `remain`
    *   Target surface form: `remains`
    *   Context: "...the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only..."
    *   Meaning: The society continues to be male-only; it has stayed in that state since its founding.

    *   Sense 1: `stay the same; remain in a certain state` (Synonyms: stay, rest. Example: "The dress remained wet...")
    *   Sense 2: `continue in a place, position, or situation` (Synonyms: stay, stay on, continue. Example: "she stayed on in Cambridge...")
    *   Sense 3: `be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.` (Example: "There remains the question...", "Carter remains the only President...")
    *   Sense 4: `stay behind` (Synonyms: persist, stay. Example: "The smell stayed in the room...")

    *   The context is "remains male-only".
    *   "Male-only" is a state or characteristic.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "remain in a certain state".
    *   Sense 3 is often used for "be left" or "continue to be the only [something]". Let's look at the example: "Carter remains the only President...". This looks similar to "the society remains male-only".
    *   Wait, let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state". Example: "The dress remained wet".
    *   Sense 3: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc." Example: "There remains the question...", "Carter remains the only President...".

    *   "The society remains male-only."
    *   Is it "staying in a state" (Sense 1) or "being left/continuing to be the only" (Sense 3)?
    *   Actually, "remains male-only" describes a continuing state.
    *   Let's look at the WordNet structure for `remain`.
    *   Sense 1: `remain` (stay the same; remain in a certain state).
    *   Sense 3: `remain` (be left).
    *   In "Carter remains the only President", "remains" means he *still is* the only one.
    *   In "The society remains male-only", the society *still is* male-only.

    *   Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    *   Sense 3: "be left".
    *   Wait, the example "Carter remains the only President" is listed under Sense 3. This is a bit confusing because "be left" doesn't seem to fit "Carter remains the only President" as well as "continue to be" does. However, if the provided example for Sense 3 is "Carter remains the only President", and our sentence is "the society remains male-only", they are structurally very similar (Subject + remain + adjective/complement).

    *   Sense 1: "The dress remained wet" (State: wet).
    *   Sense 3: "Carter remains the only President" (State: the only President).
    *   "The society remains male-only" (State: male-only).

    Wait, let's look closer at Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    And Sense 3: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc."

    If I have to choose between "remain in a certain state" and "be left", "remain in a certain state" (Sense 1) seems more intuitive for "male-only". But the example "Carter remains the only President" is explicitly given for Sense 3.

    Let's re-read Sense 3: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc."
    "Carter remains the only President" -> Carter is the only one *left* who fits that description? Or he *continues* to be?

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    "The dress remained wet" -> The state of being wet continued.
    "The society remains male-only" -> The state of being male-only continued.

    Comparing "The dress remained wet" (Sense 1) and "Carter remains the only President" (Sense 3).
    "Male-only" is an adjective phrase describing the state of the society.
    "The only President" is a noun phrase.

    Actually, "remains male-only" is almost identical in meaning to "remains wet". Both describe a continuing state.

    Let's double-check the WordNet senses for `remain` (verb).
    - remain (stay the same)
    - remain (stay in a place)
    - remain (be left)

    If Sense 1 is "stay the same; remain in a certain state" and Sense 3 is "be left", "remains male-only" fits Sense 1 perfectly. Why is "Carter remains the only President" under Sense 3? Perhaps because he is the only one *left*?

    Let's re-examine the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group... remains male-only".
    This means it continues to be in the state of being male-only.

    Sense 1: stay the same; remain in a certain state.
    Sense 3: be left.

    "The society remains male-only" = The society continues to be in the state of being male-only.
    This is a perfect match for Sense 1.

    Wait, let me look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "The dress remained wet"
    Sense 3: "Carter remains the only President"

    If "Carter remains the only President" is Sense 3, then "remains" there means "continues to be". If "The dress remained wet" is Sense 1, then "remains" there also means "continues to be". This is a very fine distinction.

    Let's look at the synonyms.
    Sense 1: stay, rest.
    Sense 2: stay, stay on, continue.
    Sense 4: persist, stay.

    Wait, Sense 1 is "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    "The society remains male-only" -> The society stays the same (male-only).

    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc."
    "There remains the question of who pulled the trigger" -> The question is *left* to be answered.
    "Carter remains the only President..." -> Carter is the only one *left*? No, that doesn't make sense. It means he *continues to be*.

    Wait, if "Carter remains the only President" is Sense 3, then Sense 3 must cover "continue to be [the only/the last/etc.]".

    Let's compare:
    1. The society remains male-only.
    2. The dress remained wet.
    3. Carter remains the only President.

    (1) and (2) are very similar (remain + adjective).
    (3) is (remain + noun phrase).

    If (2) is Sense 1, then (1) is likely Sense 1.

    Let's double-check the definition of Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
    "Male-only" is a state.

    Let's double-check Sense 3: "be left".
    Is the society "left" male-only? No.

    Therefore, Sense 1 is the most fitting.

    Wait, let me search for "remain" in WordNet.
    Sense 1: stay the same; remain in a certain state.
    Sense 2: continue in a place, position, or situation.
    Sense 3: be left.

    If "Carter remains the only President" is listed under "be left", it's probably because he is the only one *remaining* (left) in that category.

    "The society remains male-only" doesn't mean it's the only one *left* that is male-only. It means it *continues to be* male-only.

    So, Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".

    Let's re-read:
    Sense 1: stay the same; remain in a certain state. (Example: The dress remained wet)
    Sense 3: be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. (Example: Carter remains the only President)

    "The society remains male-only"
    Is "male-only" a state? Yes.
    Is the society "left" male-only? No.

    Conclusion: Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `fact`
    *   Target surface form: `fact`
    *   Context: "...the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `fact%1:09:01::`: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.
        2.  `fact%1:10:01::`: a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened.
        3.  `fact%1:26:01::`: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed.
        4.  `fact%1:09:02::`: a concept whose truth can be proved.

    *   The sentence says: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
    *   The "fact" refers to the state of the Ancient Society of College Youths remaining male-only.
    *   Is it a "piece of information" (Sense 1)?
    *   Is it a "statement or assertion" (Sense 2)?
    *   Is it "something known to have existed" or a state of affairs (Sense 3)?
    *   Is it a "concept whose truth can be proved" (Sense 4)?

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist..." (This fits well. The circumstance is that the group is male-only).
    *   Sense 2: "a statement or assertion..." (The text isn't referring to the *statement* that they are male-only, but the *reality* of it).
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed" (The male-only status is a state/condition, not necessarily an "event" or "something that existed" in the past, though it exists now).
    *   Sense 4: "a concept whose truth can be proved" (Too abstract/scientific).

    *   Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    *   Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

    Looking at the context: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling..."
    The "fact" is the *circumstance* of being male-only.

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

    In many WordNet-based datasets, "fact" as a state of affairs is often mapped to Sense 1 (piece of information about circumstances). Sense 3 often refers to "fact" in contrast to "fiction" (as seen in the example "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction").

    The phrase "a fact that's particularly galling" refers to the reality/circumstance of the group being male-only. This aligns best with "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".

    Wait, let me look at Sense 1 again: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred".
    Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed".

    Actually, Sense 1 is more about the *information* itself, while Sense 3 is more about the *reality* (the event or thing). However, the example for Sense 3 ("your fears have no basis in fact") suggests "fact" as "reality".

    Let's re-read: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling..."
    Is the *information* galling, or is the *reality* galling? Usually, the reality is galling.

    Let's check Sense 1 again: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    Let's check Sense 3 again: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed".

    If we look at the examples:
    Sense 1: "first you must collect all the facts of the case" (pieces of information).
    Sense 3: "your fears have no basis in fact" (reality).

    In the sentence "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling...", the "fact" is the state of being male-only. This is a circumstance that exists.

    Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 again.
    Sense 1: piece of information about circumstances.
    Sense 3: something known to have existed.

    Actually, "remains male-only" is a circumstance. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "circumstances that exist". Sense 3 mentions "something known to have existed" (which could be a state).

    Let's look at the distinction in WordNet more closely.
    Fact (1:09:01) - piece of information.
    Fact (1:26:01) - something known to have existed.

    In the phrase "a fact that's particularly galling", the "fact" is the *situation* (the group is male-only).

    If I have to choose between "piece of information" and "something known to have existed", "something known to have existed" (Sense 3) often covers the "reality" aspect. But "circumstances that exist" (Sense 1) also covers it.

    Let's try to find similar usages. "The fact that [clause]" often refers to the reality of the situation.
    Example: "The fact that he is late is annoying."
    Is "the fact" here a piece of information or the reality? It's the reality.

    Looking at the examples again:
    Sense 1: "collect all the facts of the case" (individual pieces of info).
    Sense 3: "basis in fact", "fact and fiction" (reality).

    The "fact" in the target sentence is the reality that the group is male-only. This aligns better with the "fact vs fiction" / "basis in fact" sense (Sense 3).

    Wait, let me double-check Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    If the "fact" is "the group is male-only", that is a piece of information about a circumstance that exists.

    Let's look at Sense 3 again: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed".
    Is "being male-only" an event or something that existed? It's a state.

    Let's re-examine Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    This seems to fit "the group is male-only" very well.

    Let's search for "a fact that's particularly galling".
    The "fact" is the situation.

    Let's compare:
    1. a piece of information about circumstances that exist
    3. an event known to have happened or something known to have existed

    If the "fact" is the *situation itself*, Sense 3 ("something known to have existed") is often used for the "reality" sense. But Sense 1 ("piece of information about circumstances") is also very close.

    Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "collect all the facts of the case" -> these are specific details.
    Sense 3: "basis in fact", "fact and fiction" -> this is the general concept of reality.

    In "a fact that's particularly galling", is it a specific detail (Sense 1) or the general reality (Sense 3)? It's a specific detail (the group is male-only).

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    The "fact" is that the group remains male-only. This is a piece of information about a circumstance that exists.

    Let's try to see if Sense 3 fits better. "Something known to have existed". The male-only status is something known to exist.

    This is a tough one. Let's look at the senses again.
    1. piece of information about circumstances
    2. statement or assertion
    3. event known to have happened or something known to have existed
    4. concept whose truth can be proved

    In the context "a fact that's particularly galling", the "fact" is the *circumstance* itself.
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    Sense 3: "something known to have existed"

    Actually, in many linguistic datasets (like SemCor), "the fact that..." is often mapped to the sense of "a piece of information" or "a reality".

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3 again: "your fears have no basis in fact", "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction". These are contrasting fact with fiction/fear.

    In the target sentence, is "fact" being contrasted with fiction? No. It's just stating a reality.

    Let's look at Sense 1 again: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".
    "The group remains male-only" is a circumstance that exists. The "fact" is the piece of information about that circumstance.

    Let's try to see if there's a better fit.
    Sense 1: piece of information.
    Sense 2: statement.
    Sense 3: event/thing that existed.
    Sense 4: provable concept.

    If I say "The fact that it's raining is annoying", is the "fact" the *information* that it's raining, or the *event* of raining? It's the reality/circumstance.

    Between 1 and 3:
    1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
    3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

    "Remains male-only" is a circumstance. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "circumstances that exist". Sense 3 mentions "event" or "something known to have existed".

    I'll go with Sense 1.

    Wait, let me double-check.
    Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred"
    Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

    They are very similar. Let's look at the examples again.
    Sense 1: "collect all the facts of the case" (these are the pieces of information).
    Sense 3: "basis in fact", "fact and fiction".

    In the target sentence, "a fact that's particularly galling", the "fact" is the specific piece of information (the group is male-only).

    Let's re-read the sentence: "...remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
    This "fact" refers back to the entire preceding clause ("the Ancient Society of College Youths... remains male-only").

    This is a classic "the fact that" construction.
    In WordNet, "the fact that" often maps to the sense of "a piece of information about circumstances that exist".

    Let's double-check Sense 3 again. "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed".
    If the "fact" is the *existence* of the male-only rule, Sense 3 could work. But Sense 1's "piece of information about circumstances that exist" is a more natural fit for "the fact that [clause]".

    Let's think about "galling". What is galling? The *fact* (the reality/information) is galling.

    Let's compare:
    - "The fact (information/circumstance) that they are male-only is galling."
    - "The fact (event/thing that existed) that they are male-only is galling."

    Sense 1 feels more appropriate for a specific piece of information about a current state.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: piece of information about circumstances that exist.
    Sense 2: statement/assertion.
    Sense 3: event/thing known to have existed.
    Sense 4: provable concept.

    The "fact" is the circumstance of the group being male-only. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particularly
Target surface form: particularly
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular
3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "particularly"
    *   Context: "...remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Meaning: The fact that the group is male-only is *very* galling or *especially* galling to women.

    *   Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" (Synonyms: peculiarly, especially, specially). Example: "particularly fussy about spelling".
    *   Sense 2: "specifically or especially distinguished from others" (Synonyms: in particular). Example: "loves Bach, particularly his partitas".
    *   Sense 3: "uniquely or characteristically" (Synonyms: peculiarly). Example: "a peculiarly French phenomenon".

    *   The sentence says the fact is "particularly galling".
    *   Does it mean "uniquely/characteristically galling" (Sense 3)? No.
    *   Does it mean "specifically distinguished from others" (Sense 2)? No, it's not distinguishing one galling thing from a list of other galling things in the same way "loves Bach, particularly his partitas" does.
    *   Does it mean "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" (Sense 1)? Yes. It means it is *very* galling, or more galling than usual/expected.

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" (especially galling).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `woman`
    *   Target surface form: `women`
    *   Context: "...a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `woman%1:18:00::`: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
        2.  `woman%1:18:01::`: a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man
        3.  `woman%1:18:02::`: a human female employed to do housework
        4.  `woman%1:14:00::`: women as a class

    *   The sentence discusses the exclusion of women from the Ancient Society of College Youths.
    *   It mentions that a growing number of women have entered the field of bell-ringing.
    *   The phrase "particularly galling to women" refers to female bell-ringers or women in general who are excluded from this male-only group.
    *   It's talking about adult female persons.

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a female person who plays a significant role... in the life of a particular man". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: "a human female employed to do housework". Not applicable.
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class". This is often used for abstract concepts like "womanhood" or general statements about the nature of women. While the context discusses women as a group, it's referring to the actual people (the female ringers) who are affected by the exclusion.

    *   Is it "women as a class" (Sense 4) or "adult female persons" (Sense 1)?
    *   "particularly galling to women" -> It is galling to the individuals who are women.
    *   Compare: "It's an insult to womanhood" (Sense 4) vs "The law discriminates against women" (Sense 1).
    *   In this context, "women" refers to the female ringers (adult female persons).

    *   Sense 1 is the most direct and accurate description of the people being referred to.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `group`
    *   Target surface form: `group`
    *   Context: "...The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths... because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `group%1:03:00::`: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit.
        2.  `group%1:27:00::`: (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together...
        3.  `group%1:09:00::`: (mathematics) a set that is closed, associative...

    *   The context refers to the "Ancient Society of College Youths," which is described as a "bell-ringing group."
    *   It consists of "ringers" (people).
    *   It is a society/organization.
    *   This fits the definition of "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit."

    *   Sense 1: General group of entities/members. (Fits perfectly)
    *   Sense 2: Chemistry. (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: Mathematics. (Incorrect)

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `ringer`
    *   Target surface form: `ringers`
    *   Context: The text discusses people who ring church bells in parishes, churches, and prestigious locations like St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. It mentions a "program to attract and train ringers," "the once male-dominated field," and "The Ringing World, a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `ringer%1:18:02::`: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
        2.  `ringer%1:18:01::`: a person who is almost identical to another
        3.  `ringer%1:18:00::`: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
        4.  `ringer%1:04:00::`: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

    *   The context explicitly mentions "bells need to be rung," "church bells," "bell-ringing group," and "The Ringing World."
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 1: "a person who rings church bells."

    *   Sense 1: Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: No mention of look-alikes.
    *   Sense 3: No mention of competitions or false pretenses.
    *   Sense 4: No mention of horseshoes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "most"
    *   Target surface form: "most"
    *   Context: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `most%4:02:00::`: used to form the superlative (highest degree). Example: "the most dangerous snake".
        2.  `most%4:02:01::`: very. Example: "a most welcome relief".
        3.  `most%4:02:02::`: slightly short of or not quite accomplished (almost). Example: "the job is (just) about done".

    *   The phrase is "Britain's most prestigious churches".
    *   "Most" modifies "prestigious".
    *   "Prestigious" is an adjective.
    *   "Most prestigious" indicates the highest degree of prestige.
    *   This is a superlative construction.

    *   Sense 1: "used to form the superlative" / "to the highest degree". This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "very". While "most" can mean "very" (e.g., "a most welcome relief"), in the phrase "most prestigious churches" (especially when referring to specific top-tier examples like St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey), it is functioning as a superlative.
    *   Sense 3: "almost". This does not fit the context at all.

    *   The context "Britain's most prestigious churches" clearly uses "most" to indicate the highest degree of prestige among all churches in Britain. This is the superlative use.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `church`
    *   Target surface form: `churches`
    *   Context: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `church%1:14:00::`: group of Christians (denomination).
        2.  `church%1:06:00::`: place for public worship (building).
        3.  `church%1:04:00::`: service conducted in a house of worship.
        4.  `church%1:14:01::`: body of people who attend a local church (congregation).

    *   The sentence mentions "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
    *   St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are physical buildings/structures where worship takes place and where bells are rung.
    *   The context discusses "ringers" (people who ring bells), and bells are located in the physical buildings.

    *   Sense 1 (denomination) doesn't fit; St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey are specific sites, not denominations.
    *   Sense 2 (building) fits perfectly; they are physical places of worship.
    *   Sense 3 (service) doesn't fit; you don't ring bells *for* a service in the sense that the service *is* the church.
    *   Sense 4 (congregation) doesn't fit; the focus is on the location where the bells are.

    *   The target word "churches" refers to the physical buildings (St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey).
    *   This matches sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "woman"
    *   Target surface form: "woman"
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses women entering the male-dominated field of bell-ringing, the exclusion of women from the Ancient Society of College Youths, and the lack of equal-opportunity lawsuits.

    *   Sense 1: `woman%1:18:00` - an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
    *   Sense 2: `woman%1:18:01` - a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a man's life.
    *   Sense 3: `woman%1:18:02` - a human female employed to do housework (charwoman).
    *   Sense 4: `woman%1:14:00` - women as a class (womanhood).

    *   The sentence is: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   In this context, "no woman" refers to any individual adult female person. It is not referring to a specific man's partner (Sense 2), a domestic worker (Sense 3), or the abstract concept of womanhood as a class (Sense 4).
    *   While "women" (plural) in the previous sentences might lean towards a class, "no woman" (singular) here refers to any individual person who is a woman.

    *   Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "wife or mistress" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "employed to do housework" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 4: "women as a class" - Usually used in phrases like "Woman is the glory of creation" or "the plight of woman." "No woman has filed" refers to the absence of any individual female person taking action.

    *   The target word is "woman" (singular).
    *   The context is about legal action (equal-opportunity suit).
    *   The most natural fit is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "file"
    *   Target surface form: "filed"
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `file%2:32:02::`: record in a public office or in a court of law (synonyms: register; examples: file for divorce; file a complaint)
        2.  `file%2:35:00::`: smooth with a file (examples: file one's fingernails)
        3.  `file%2:38:00::`: proceed in line (examples: The students filed into the classroom)
        4.  `file%2:32:01::`: file a formal charge against (synonyms: charge, lodge)
        5.  `file%2:32:00::`: place in a container for keeping records (synonyms: file away)

    *   The phrase is "filed an equal-opportunity suit".
    *   A "suit" in this context refers to a lawsuit (legal action).
    *   "Filed a suit" means to officially submit a legal document to a court to start a legal process.

    *   Sense 1: "record in a public office or in a court of law" (examples: file for divorce; file a complaint). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "smooth with a file" (fingernails). Incorrect.
    *   Sense 3: "proceed in line". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "file a formal charge against". This is close, but "charge" usually refers to criminal charges brought by a prosecutor, whereas a "suit" (lawsuit) is a civil action filed by a plaintiff. Sense 1 is more general and specifically mentions "record in a public office or in a court of law" and "file a complaint".
    *   Sense 5: "place in a container for keeping records". Incorrect.

    *   Sense 1: "record in a public office or in a court of law" (synonyms: register; examples: file for divorce; file a complaint).
    *   Sense 4: "file a formal charge against" (synonyms: charge, lodge).
    *   Comparing "filed an equal-opportunity suit" with "file a complaint" (Sense 1) vs "file a formal charge" (Sense 4).
    *   A lawsuit (suit) is a civil action. Filing a suit is the act of recording the claim in court. Sense 1's definition "record in a public office or in a court of law" is the standard definition for filing a lawsuit.

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `suit`
    *   Target surface form: `suit`
    *   Context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..."
    *   Key phrase: "filed an equal-opportunity suit"

    *   Sense 1: A set of garments (clothing).
    *   Sense 2: A proceeding in a court of law (lawsuit).
    *   Sense 3: A businessman (slang).
    *   Sense 4: Courting a woman.
    *   Sense 5: A petition or appeal to a superior.
    *   Sense 6: Playing card set.

    *   The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" strongly indicates a legal action.
    *   "Filed" is a common verb used with lawsuits.
    *   "Equal-opportunity" refers to legal rights and protections against discrimination.
    *   Sense 2 ("a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy") fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1 (clothing) - No.
    *   Sense 2 (lawsuit) - Yes.
    *   Sense 3 (businessman) - No.
    *   Sense 4 (courtship) - No.
    *   Sense 5 (petition) - Close, but "filed a suit" in the context of "equal-opportunity" specifically refers to a legal case.
    *   Sense 6 (cards) - No.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `extent`
    *   Target surface form: `extent`
    *   Context: "...no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `extent%1:26:00::`: the point or degree to which something extends (e.g., "the extent of the damage", "the full extent of the law").
        2.  `extent%1:07:00::`: the distance or area or volume over which something extends (e.g., "the vast extent of the desert").

    *   The sentence discusses a "problem" (discrimination against women in bell-ringing).
    *   The phrase is "the extent of the problem".
    *   "Problem" is an abstract concept.
    *   "Extent" here refers to the degree, scale, or severity of the problem, not a physical distance, area, or volume.

    *   Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends" (Abstract/Degree). Fits "extent of the problem".
    *   Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" (Physical/Spatial). Does not fit "extent of the problem".

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "problem"
    *   Context: The text discusses the struggle to attract and train ringers, specifically the exclusion of women from the Ancient Society of College Youths. It mentions that while no one has filed a suit, "the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
    *   The "problem" refers to the systemic exclusion of women and the resulting sexism/difficulty in the field of bell-ringing.

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (synonym: job). Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution". Example: "homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble). Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job".

    *   Sense 2 is clearly wrong (not a math problem or a specific question for a solution).
    *   Sense 1 refers to a "state of difficulty" (often interpersonal or a general situation).
    *   Sense 3 refers to a "source of difficulty" (trouble).

    *   The "problem" here is the exclusion of women and the sexism. This is a "source of difficulty" or a "state of difficulty".
    *   Looking at the context: "the extent of the problem surfaced". This suggests a systemic issue or a source of trouble.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
        *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".
    *   In this context, the "problem" is the discriminatory practice (the source) and the resulting situation (the state).
    *   Usually, "the extent of the problem" refers to the scale of the issue/trouble.
    *   Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1: "job" (this synonym seems odd for "state of difficulty", but WordNet sometimes has weird synonyms). Sense 3: "trouble".
    *   "The extent of the trouble surfaced" fits well.
    *   "The extent of the state of difficulty surfaced" is slightly clunkier.
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage:
        *   `problem%1:09:00` (Sense 3) is often used for a general "trouble" or "source of difficulty".
        *   `problem%1:26:00` (Sense 1) is often used for personal problems or a difficult situation.
    *   The exclusion of women is a systemic issue/source of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   The "problem" is the fact that the group remains male-only and the attitudes associated with it. This is the *source* of the difficulty for women trying to enter the field.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   The exclusion of women is definitely a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems".
    *   The context "the extent of the problem surfaced" sounds more like a systemic issue (Sense 3) than a personal struggle (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: state of difficulty.
    *   Sense 3: source of difficulty.
    *   The "problem" is the gender discrimination. Discrimination is a source of difficulty.

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:26:00`
    *   Sense 2: `problem%1:10:00`
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:09:00`
    *   The context is about a social issue (sexism in bell-ringing). This is most accurately described as a "source of difficulty" or "trouble" (Sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"
    *   "The extent of the problem surfaced" -> The extent of the source of difficulty surfaced? Or the extent of the state of difficulty surfaced?
    *   Actually, "the extent of the problem" usually refers to the magnitude of the issue.
    *   If we use "trouble" (Sense 3), "the extent of the trouble surfaced" works.
    *   If we use "state of difficulty" (Sense 1), "the extent of the state of difficulty surfaced" is less common.

    *   Sense 1: `problem%1:26:00` (state of difficulty)
    *   Sense 3: `problem%1:09:00` (source of difficulty)
    *   In many WordNet-based datasets, "problem" as a social issue or a general trouble is mapped to the "source of difficulty" sense.

    *   Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems" (interpersonal/situational)
    *   Sense 3: "what's the problem?" (general trouble/source of difficulty)
    *   The context is a systemic social problem. Sense 3 fits better as a general "trouble".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surface
Target surface form: surfaced
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surface%2:38:00:: | definition=come to the surface | synonyms=come up, rise up, rise
2. sense_key=surface%2:35:00:: | definition=put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface | synonyms=coat | examples=coat the cake with chocolate
3. sense_key=surface%2:30:00:: | definition=appear or become visible; make a showing | synonyms=come on, come out, turn up, show up | examples=She turned up at the funeral; I hope the list key is going to surface again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `surface`
    *   Target surface form: `surfaced`
    *   Context: "...but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'..."
    *   Meaning: The problem became known, visible, or apparent.

    *   Sense 1: `come to the surface` (rise up, come up). Often used literally (like a submarine or a whale) or figuratively (like a feeling).
    *   Sense 2: `put a coat on; cover the surface of` (coat). Clearly not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: `appear or become visible; make a showing` (come on, come out, turn up, show up). Example: "I hope the list key is going to surface again."

    *   The "extent of the problem" became visible or known through letters.
    *   Sense 1 ("come to the surface") is very similar to Sense 3 ("appear or become visible").
    *   However, Sense 3 specifically mentions "appear or become visible; make a showing" and provides an example of something (a list key) appearing again.
    *   Sense 1 is often more about physical rising or deep-seated emotions coming up.
    *   In the context of a "problem" becoming known via letters, "surfaced" means it became apparent or visible to the public/observers.
    *   Comparing "come to the surface" (1) vs "appear or become visible" (3):
        *   "The problem surfaced" is a common idiom.
        *   Sense 3's synonyms "come out", "turn up", "show up" fit the idea of information or a situation becoming known.
        *   Sense 1's synonyms "come up", "rise up", "rise" are more about movement.
    *   Actually, looking closer at WordNet's typical distinctions:
        *   `surface` (verb) - sense 3: "appear or become visible; make a showing" (e.g., "the truth surfaced").
        *   `surface` (verb) - sense 1: "come to the surface" (physical movement from underwater).

    *   Context: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters"
    *   This means the problem became known/visible.
    *   Sense 3: "appear or become visible; make a showing". This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: Physical rising.
    *   Sense 2: Coating.
    *   Sense 3: Becoming visible/known.

    The correct sense is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "summer"
    *   Target surface form: "summer"
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `summer%1:28:00::`: the warmest season of the year (summertime).
        2.  `summer%1:28:01::`: the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty (metaphorical).

    *   The sentence says "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters".
    *   "This summer" refers to a specific time period in the calendar year.
    *   It is not referring to a "period of finest development, happiness, or beauty" (metaphorical sense).

    *   Sense 1: Warmest season of the year. (Fits perfectly).
    *   Sense 2: Period of finest development. (Does not fit).

    *   The correct sense index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: series
Target surface form: series
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
3. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
4. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
7. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "series"
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Target surface form: "series"

    *   Sense 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" (Example: "a series of bank robberies")
    *   Sense 2: "a serialized set of programs" (Example: "a comedy series")
    *   Sense 3: "a periodical that appears at scheduled times" (Synonyms: serial, serial publication)
    *   Sense 4: "(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams" (Example: "the visiting team swept the series")
    *   Sense 5: "(electronics) connection of components..."
    *   Sense 6: "a group of postage stamps... or coins..."
    *   Sense 7: "(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions"

    *   The phrase is "a series of letters".
    *   Letters sent to a newspaper are individual items happening or occurring one after another (or as a group of related events).
    *   This fits the general definition of "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a serialized program (Sense 2), a periodical publication itself (Sense 3 - the *newspaper* is the periodical, the *series of letters* are the content), a sports contest (Sense 4), an electronic circuit (Sense 5), stamps/coins (Sense 6), or a mathematical sum (Sense 7).

    *   Sense 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another"
    *   Example: "they were investigating a series of bank robberies"
    *   "A series of letters" is very similar to "a series of bank robberies" in structure and meaning (a sequence of related events/items).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letters
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters
3. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
4. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `letter`
    *   Target surface form: `letters`
    *   Context: "...the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `letter%1:10:00::`: a written message addressed to a person or organization (synonym: missive).
        2.  `letter%1:10:01::`: conventional characters of the alphabet.
        3.  `letter%1:18:00::`: owner who lets another person use something.
        4.  `letter%1:10:03::`: a strictly literal interpretation.
        5.  `letter%1:10:02::`: an award earned by participation in a school sport.

    *   The context mentions "a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper".
    *   This refers to written messages sent to a publication (letters to the editor).
    *   This matches sense 1: "a written message addressed to a person or organization".

    *   Sense 1: Written message (Correct).
    *   Sense 2: Alphabet characters (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 3: Landlord/Lessor (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 4: Literal interpretation (Incorrect).
    *   Sense 5: Sports award (Incorrect).