[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the <t>development</t> of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "development"
    *   Context: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the <t>development</t> of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   Meaning: The process by which cancer forms and grows in the body.

    *   Sense 1: Act of improving by expanding/enlarging/refining (e.g., development of a plan). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: A process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) (e.g., evolution of ideas). -> General process of change.
    *   Sense 3: (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level (e.g., osseous development). -> This is biological growth/unfolding.
    *   Sense 4: A recent event (e.g., recent developments in Iraq). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 5: Making land/water more profitable (e.g., development of Alaskan resources). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 6: A district developed for a purpose (e.g., park developments). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 7: A state in which things are improving (e.g., chess development). -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 8: Processing photosensitive material. -> Not applicable.
    *   Sense 9: Music composition section. -> Not applicable.

    *   The context is about the biological process of cancer forming ("the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes... appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer").
    *   Sense 2 is a general process of passing to a different stage.
    *   Sense 3 is specifically biological growth/unfolding.
    *   Cancer "development" (oncogenesis/carcinogenesis) is a biological process where cells change and grow.
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3: Sense 3 is specifically biological ("the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events"). While cancer isn't a whole organism, it is a biological process of growth and change within an organism.
    *   Wait, let's look closer at Sense 2: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   Cancer development is the process of a cell becoming cancerous and then forming a tumor. This fits the "biological unfolding of events" and "changing gradually" aspect of Sense 3, but Sense 3 often refers to normal growth (ontogeny).
    *   However, in medical/biological contexts, "development of a disease" often refers to the process of the disease coming into being and progressing.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 2. "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage". This is very broad.
    *   Let's check if there's a better fit.
    *   Actually, looking at Sense 3's synonyms: "growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis". Cancer is often described as "growth".
    *   Let's look at Sense 2's synonyms: "evolution".
    *   In the phrase "development of cancer", it refers to the biological process of the disease arising.
    *   Is cancer an "individual organism"? No. But the process happens *within* an organism.
    *   Let's reconsider Sense 2. "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage". This fits the progression from healthy cell -> mutated cell -> cancerous cell -> tumor.
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again. "the process of an individual organism growing organically". This usually refers to embryology or growth from child to adult.
    *   Wait, let's look at the options again.
    *   Sense 1: improving/refining.
    *   Sense 2: passing by degrees to a different stage.
    *   Sense 3: biological growth/unfolding.
    *   Sense 4: recent event.
    *   Sense 5: land exploitation.
    *   Sense 6: district.
    *   Sense 7: improving state.
    *   Sense 8: photo processing.
    *   Sense 9: music.

    *   If Sense 3 is strictly about the *organism's* growth (ontogeny), it might not fit "development of cancer".
    *   If Sense 2 is the general process of progression, it fits "development of cancer".
    *   However, in many WordNet-based tasks, "development of a disease" is mapped to the biological process sense if available.
    *   Let's search for "development of cancer" in a linguistic context. It's the process of the disease evolving/progressing.
    *   Let's re-read Sense 2: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level".
    *   Cancer is a biological process. The "unfolding of events" fits well.
    *   Let's compare "development of his ideas" (Sense 2) vs "osseous development in children" (Sense 3).
    *   "Development of cancer" is much closer to "osseous development" (biological) than "development of ideas" (abstract).

    *   Sense 2: General evolution/progression.
    *   Sense 3: Biological growth/unfolding.
    *   Cancer development is the biological process of the disease's growth and progression.
    *   Most linguists would categorize the "development of a disease" under the biological process of growth/unfolding (Sense 3) rather than the general "evolution" of an idea (Sense 2).

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 3's definition: "the process of an individual organism growing organically". Cancer is not an organism.
    *   But "a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level". This part *could* describe the progression of a disease within an organism.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage". This is very flexible.
    *   Let's think about "development of a disease". Is it "growth" (Sense 3) or "progression" (Sense 2)?
    *   In medical terminology, "disease development" is often synonymous with "pathogenesis".
    *   If I have to choose the *best* sense:
        *   Sense 2: General process of change.
        *   Sense 3: Biological process of growth.
    *   Cancer is biological growth.

    *   Sense 2: "the development of his ideas took many years"
    *   Sense 3: "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children"
    *   "Development of cancer" is a biological process. Sense 3 is explicitly labeled "(biology)".

    *   Sense 2 is "evolution".
    *   Sense 3 is "growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis".
    *   Cancer is essentially uncontrolled growth.

    *   Sense 3 is the most specific and fits the biological nature of the context.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scourge
Target surface form: scourges
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such <t>scourges</t> as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scourge%1:06:00:: | definition=a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor) | synonyms=flagellum
2. sense_key=scourge%1:26:00:: | definition=something causing misery or death | synonyms=bane, curse, nemesis | examples=the bane of my life
3. sense_key=scourge%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, threat | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `scourge`
    *   Target surface form: `scourges`
    *   Context: "...the development of such <t>scourges</t> as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `scourge%1:06:00::`: a whip used to inflict punishment.
        2.  `scourge%1:26:00::`: something causing misery or death (synonyms: bane, curse, nemesis).
        3.  `scourge%1:18:00::`: a person who inspires fear or dread (synonyms: terror, threat).

    *   The word "scourges" refers to "cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   Cancer is a disease that causes misery and death.
    *   It is not a whip (Sense 1).
    *   It is not a person (Sense 3).
    *   It fits the definition of "something causing misery or death" (Sense 2).

    *   Sense 2: "something causing misery or death" matches perfectly with cancer.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as <t>cancer</t> of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: A passage discussing genes (p53), tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths in colon, lung, breast, brain, skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context mentions "healthy colon cells cancerous", "lung and breast cancers", "lethal forms of the disease", "tumor-suppressing genes", and "cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix".
    *   This clearly refers to the medical condition involving malignant growths.

    *   Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - Matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person) - No.
    *   Sense 3: Constellation - No.
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign - No.
    *   Sense 5: Genus (crabs) - No.

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the <t>brain</t>, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `brain`
    *   Target surface form: `brain`
    *   Context: "...development of such scourges as cancer of the <t>brain</t>, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `brain%1:08:00::`: part of the central nervous system (anatomical organ).
        2.  `brain%1:09:00::`: mental ability.
        3.  `brain%1:09:01::`: seat of thoughts and feelings (mind).
        4.  `brain%1:18:00::`: someone with exceptional intellectual ability (genius).
        5.  `brain%1:13:00::`: brain of animals used as meat.

    *   The context mentions "cancer of the brain", listed alongside other organs/tissues like "the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix".
    *   Cancer is a disease of cells/tissues in a physical organ.
    *   Therefore, "brain" here refers to the physical organ (the part of the central nervous system).

    *   Sense 1: "that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord" - This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "mental ability" - Does not fit "cancer of the mental ability".
    *   Sense 3: "that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason" - This is the "mind". While cancer affects the brain, "cancer of the mind" is usually metaphorical; "cancer of the brain" refers to the organ.
    *   Sense 4: "someone who has exceptional intellectual ability" - Does not fit.
    *   Sense 5: "the brain of certain animals used as meat" - Does not fit.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skin
Target surface form: skin
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the <t>skin</t>, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skin%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch | synonyms=tegument, cutis | examples=your skin is the largest organ of your body
2. sense_key=skin%1:06:01:: | definition=an outer surface (usually thin) | examples=the skin of an airplane
3. sense_key=skin%1:05:01:: | definition=body covering of a living animal | synonyms=hide, pelt
4. sense_key=skin%1:26:00:: | definition=a person's skin regarded as their life | examples=he tried to save his skin
5. sense_key=skin%1:13:00:: | definition=the rind of a fruit or vegetable | synonyms=peel
6. sense_key=skin%1:06:02:: | definition=a bag serving as a container for liquids; it is made from the hide of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `skin`
    *   Target surface form: `skin`
    *   Context: "...cancer of the brain, the <t>skin</t>, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `skin%1:08:00::`: a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch (human/general biological context).
        2.  `skin%1:06:01::`: an outer surface (usually thin) (e.g., airplane).
        3.  `skin%1:05:01::`: body covering of a living animal (synonyms: hide, pelt).
        4.  `skin%1:26:00::`: a person's skin regarded as their life (idiomatic).
        5.  `skin%1:13:00::`: the rind of a fruit or vegetable (synonyms: peel).
        6.  `skin%1:06:02::`: a bag serving as a container for liquids.

    *   The context discusses various types of cancer: "cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   This refers to the human body part.

    *   Sense 1: "a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch" (fits human anatomy).
    *   Sense 3: "body covering of a living animal" (synonyms: hide, pelt). While humans are animals, "hide" and "pelt" are typically used for non-human animals.
    *   Sense 2, 4, 5, 6 are clearly incorrect.

    *   Sense 1 is the most specific and accurate for human anatomy in a medical context (cancer of the skin).

    *   Sense 1: `skin%1:08:00::`
    *   Sense 3: `skin%1:05:01::`
    *   In medical contexts referring to human skin, Sense 1 is the standard choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cervix
Target surface form: cervix
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and <t>cervix</t>. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cervix%1:08:01:: | definition=the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body | synonyms=neck | examples=he admired her long graceful neck; the horse won by a neck
2. sense_key=cervix%1:08:02:: | definition=necklike opening to the uterus | synonyms=uterine cervix, cervix uteri

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cervix`
    *   Target surface form: `cervix`
    *   Context: A passage discussing cancer research, specifically tumor-suppressor genes and various types of cancer (brain, skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix).
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cervix%1:08:01::`: the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body (synonym: neck).
        2.  `cervix%1:08:02::`: necklike opening to the uterus (synonyms: uterine cervix, cervix uteri).

    *   The word "cervix" appears in a list of organs/body parts affected by cancer: "cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
    *   "Prostate" is a reproductive organ.
    *   "Cervix" in the context of cancer refers to the cervix of the uterus (cervical cancer).
    *   Sense 1 refers to the neck (anatomical neck).
    *   Sense 2 refers to the uterine cervix.

    *   Sense 2 is the correct medical term for the site of "cervical cancer."

    *   Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is <t>evidence</t> that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `evidence`
    *   Target surface form: `evidence`
    *   Context: "There is <t>evidence</t> that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `evidence%1:09:00::`: basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief (synonym: grounds; example: evidence that smoking causes lung cancer).
        2.  `evidence%1:10:01::`: an indication that makes something evident (example: trembling was evidence of fear).
        3.  `evidence%1:10:00::`: (law) means by which fact is established at trial.

    *   The sentence is: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   This is in a scientific/medical context discussing genetic research and cancer.
    *   It refers to scientific data or findings that support a hypothesis or belief about genetic inheritance and cancer susceptibility.

    *   Sense 3 (law) is clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 2 (indication) usually refers to a sign or symptom (e.g., trembling -> fear). While scientific evidence can be an indication, Sense 1 is more specific to the "basis for belief" or "knowledge" derived from research.
    *   Sense 1 (basis for belief/knowledge) fits perfectly. The example "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" is almost identical in structure and meaning to "evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer".

    *   Sense 1: basis for belief/knowledge (scientific evidence).
    *   Sense 2: sign/indication.
    *   Sense 3: legal evidence.
    *   The context is scientific research. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        2.  The body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).
        3.  Members of a family line.
        4.  The common people generally (masses).

    *   The sentence discusses genetic inheritance ("inherit defective versions of these genes") and susceptibility to cancer.
    *   It mentions that this explains why some cancers "haunt certain families."
    *   The word "people" here refers to human beings in general who might inherit these genes.

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively." This is the general sense of "people" as human beings.
    *   Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country." Not applicable here; it's not about citizenship.
    *   Sense 3: "members of a family line." While the sentence mentions "certain families," the word "people" itself is used in the conditional "if people inherit...", referring to any human beings who happen to have these genes, not specifically referring to a particular family line as a collective entity (e.g., "my people").
    *   Sense 4: "the common people generally." Not applicable; it's not about social class.

    *   The sentence "if people inherit defective versions of these genes" is a general statement about human beings. It's not referring to a specific nationality (Sense 2), a specific family lineage (Sense 3), or a social class (Sense 4).
    *   Sense 1 is the most general and fits best.

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "members of a family line" -> The context mentions families, but "people" is used as a general subject for the condition of inheriting genes. If it were "his people," it would be Sense 3. Here, it's "if people [in general] inherit...".

    *   The target word "people" is used as a general plural noun for human beings.
    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people <t>inherit</t> defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `inherit`
    *   Target surface form: `inherit`
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people <t>inherit</t> defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `obtain from someone after their death` (e.g., castle)
        2.  `receive from a predecessor` (e.g., problems from previous chair)
        3.  `receive by genetic transmission` (e.g., eyesight from mother)

    *   The sentence discusses "defective versions of these genes" and "prone to cancer," and mentions "certain families."
    *   This clearly refers to biological/genetic inheritance.

    *   Sense 1: Financial/property inheritance (death). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 2: Abstract inheritance (predecessor). Not applicable.
    *   Sense 3: Genetic transmission. This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective <t>versions</t> of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `version`
    *   Target surface form: `versions`
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective <t>versions</t> of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Interpretation from a particular viewpoint (e.g., "his version of the fight").
        2.  Something a little different from others of the same type (synonyms: variant, variation, edition).
        3.  A written work recast in a new form (synonym: adaptation).
        4.  A written communication in a second language (synonym: translation).
        5.  A mental representation of meaning (synonym: interpretation).
        6.  Manual turning of a fetus in the uterus.

    *   The context refers to "defective versions of these genes."
    *   In genetics, a "version" of a gene is called an allele or a variant.
    *   Looking at the candidate senses:
        *   Sense 1 (interpretation) - Incorrect.
        *   Sense 2 (something a little different from others of the same type; variant, variation) - Correct. A defective gene is a variant/variation of the normal gene.
        *   Sense 3 (adaptation of a work) - Incorrect.
        *   Sense 4 (translation) - Incorrect.
        *   Sense 5 (mental representation) - Incorrect.
        *   Sense 6 (medical procedure) - Incorrect.

    *   Sense 2: "something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word".
    *   This fits perfectly with "defective versions of these genes" (genetic variants).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are <t>especially</t> prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "especially"
    *   Target surface form: "especially"
    *   Context: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are <t>especially</t> prone to cancer..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `especially%4:02:00::`: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (synonyms: particularly, peculiarly, specially).
        2.  `especially%4:02:01::`: in a special manner (synonyms: specially).

    *   The sentence is: "...they are especially prone to cancer..."
    *   "Especially prone" means they are *more* prone than others, or prone to a greater extent than is common.
    *   It describes the *degree* of being prone.

    *   Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common". This fits perfectly. If someone is "especially prone," they are prone to a greater degree than the average person.
    *   Sense 2: "in a special manner". This would mean they are prone in a "special way," which doesn't make sense in this medical/genetic context.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to <t>cancer</t>, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses p53 genes, lung and breast cancers, tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths in the brain, skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix, and genetic defects leading to the disease.
    *   Target sentence: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to <t>cancer</t>, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."

    *   Sense 1: `cancer%1:26:00::` - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division... (Medical/Biological)
    *   Sense 2: `cancer%1:18:00::` - (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer. (Astrological)
    *   Sense 3: `cancer%1:17:00::` - a small zodiacal constellation... (Astronomical)
    *   Sense 4: `cancer%1:15:00::` - the fourth sign of the zodiac... (Astrological)
    *   Sense 5: `cancer%1:05:00::` - type genus of the family Cancridae. (Biological/Taxonomic - crabs)

    *   The context is heavily medical/biological, focusing on genes (p53), tumors, and lethal diseases.
    *   The target word "cancer" refers to the malignant disease.
    *   This matches Sense 1 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explaining
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps <t>explaining</t>, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Target surface form: `explaining`
    *   Context: "...There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps <t>explaining</t>, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."

    *   Sense 1: `make plain and comprehensible` (explicate). Example: "He explained the laws of physics to his students." (Focus: teaching, clarifying).
    *   Sense 2: `define`. Example: "The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean." (Focus: detailing, specifying).
    *   Sense 3: `serve as a reason or cause or justification of` (excuse). Example: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again." (Focus: causality, providing a reason for a phenomenon).

    *   The sentence says: "if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining... why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Here, "explaining" means that the inheritance of defective genes *serves as the reason or cause* for why some cancers run in families.
    *   This matches Sense 3 perfectly ("serve as a reason or cause").

    *   Sense 1 is about a person making something clear to someone else.
    *   Sense 2 is about defining or detailing a plan.
    *   Sense 3 is about a fact or situation being the cause/reason for another fact or situation.

    *   The context fits Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finally
Target surface form: finally
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, <t>finally</t>, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finally%4:02:02:: | definition=after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay | synonyms=eventually
2. sense_key=finally%4:02:00:: | definition=as the end result of a succession or process | synonyms=ultimately, in the end, at last, at long last | examples=ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over
3. sense_key=finally%4:02:03:: | definition=the item at the end | synonyms=last, lastly, in conclusion | examples=last, I'll discuss family values

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "finally"
    *   Context: "...There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, <t>finally</t>, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Candidate Senses:
        1.  `finally%4:02:02::`: after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay (eventually).
        2.  `finally%4:02:00::`: as the end result of a succession or process (ultimately, in the end, at last).
        3.  `finally%4:02:03::`: the item at the end (last, lastly, in conclusion).

    *   The sentence discusses the discovery of tumor-suppressor genes and how inheriting defective versions explains why some cancers haunt certain families.
    *   "perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   Here, "finally" suggests that after a long period of searching or a series of discoveries, the answer to a long-standing question (why some cancers are familial) is being reached.

    *   Sense 3 (lastly/in conclusion) is for lists or concluding a speech. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 1 (eventually/after a long delay) and Sense 2 (ultimately/end result of a process) are very similar.
    *   Let's look closer:
        *   Sense 1: "after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay" (eventually).
        *   Sense 2: "as the end result of a succession or process" (ultimately, in the end).
    *   The context is about scientific research. The "process" is the ongoing research into tumor-suppressor genes. The "end result" of this research process is the explanation for familial cancer.
    *   "Ultimately" (Sense 2) fits well: "perhaps ultimately explaining why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   "Eventually" (Sense 1) also fits: "perhaps eventually explaining why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   However, Sense 2 often refers to the culmination of a process or a logical conclusion. The discovery of the gene's role is the culmination of the research mentioned in the preceding sentences.

    *   Sense 1: "after an unspecified period of time" (focus on time).
    *   Sense 2: "as the end result of a succession or process" (focus on the result/conclusion of a sequence).
    *   The text describes a sequence of events: report -> other teams uncovering evidence -> laboratories racing to unmask genes -> candidates identified -> evidence of inheritance. This is a process of scientific discovery.
    *   Therefore, "finally" here marks the culmination of that process.

    *   Sense 1: "He finally arrived." (Time delay)
    *   Sense 2: "Ultimately he had to give in." (End result of a process/struggle)
    *   In the target sentence, the "process" is the scientific investigation. The explanation is the "end result".

    *   Sense 1: eventually.
    *   Sense 2: ultimately, in the end.
    *   "perhaps ultimately explaining why..." vs "perhaps eventually explaining why..."
    *   In scientific writing, "finally" in this position often means "at last" or "ultimately" as a result of the preceding evidence.

    *   Sense 1: after a long delay.
    *   Sense 2: as the end result of a process.
    *   The context is a process of scientific discovery. Sense 2 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some <t>cancers</t> seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancers`
    *   Context: The text discusses p53 genes, lung and breast cancers, tumor-suppressing genes, malignant growths in the brain, skin, kidney, etc., and genetic inheritance of the disease.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, focusing on tumors, genes, and diseases.
    *   "lung and breast cancers", "lethal forms of the disease", "tumor-suppressing genes", "cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix".
    *   This aligns perfectly with sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: Malignant growth/tumor. (Matches)
    *   Sense 2: Astrology (person). (Does not match)
    *   Sense 3: Constellation. (Does not match)
    *   Sense 4: Zodiac sign. (Does not match)
    *   Sense 5: Genus of crabs. (Does not match)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seem
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers <t>seem</t> to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `seem`
    *   Target surface form: `seem`
    *   Context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers <t>seem</t> to haunt certain families."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `seem%2:39:00::`: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (look, appear). Example: "She seems to be sleeping."
        2.  `seem%2:39:01::`: seem to be true, probable, or apparent. Example: "It seems that he is very gifted."
        3.  `seem%2:42:00::`: appear to exist. Example: "There seems no reason to go ahead..."
        4.  `seem%2:39:02::`: appear to one's own mind or opinion. Example: "I seem to be misunderstood..."

    *   The sentence is: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   The context discusses genetic defects and how they make people prone to cancer, which explains why certain cancers *appear* to affect specific families more than others.
    *   Is it "giving a certain impression" (Sense 1)?
    *   Is it "seeming to be true, probable, or apparent" (Sense 2)?
    *   Is it "appearing to exist" (Sense 3)?
    *   Is it "appearing to one's own mind or opinion" (Sense 4)?

    *   Sense 1 (outward aspect/impression): "She seems to be sleeping." (Visual or immediate impression).
    *   Sense 2 (true, probable, apparent): "It seems that he is very gifted." (Based on evidence or general observation).
    *   Sense 3 (appear to exist): "There seems no reason..." (Existence).
    *   Sense 4 (one's own mind/opinion): "I seem to be misunderstood..." (Subjective perception).

    *   "Cancers seem to haunt certain families" means that based on the evidence/observations, it *appears to be true* that these cancers are more prevalent in certain families.
    *   This aligns best with Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent."

    *   Sense 1 is more about outward appearance (e.g., "He seems tired").
    *   Sense 2 is more about a conclusion drawn from evidence (e.g., "It seems that the theory is correct").
    *   In the context of medical research and genetic patterns, the "seeming" is an observation of a pattern that appears to be true.

    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
    *   Context: "...why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."
    *   This fits perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" (usually visual or immediate).
    *   Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (often used for patterns, theories, or general observations).
    *   Sense 3: "appear to exist" (usually used with "there seems to be").
    *   Sense 4: "appear to one's own mind or opinion" (subjective).

    The phrase "cancers seem to haunt certain families" is an observation of a pattern that appears to be true.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
    Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent"

    Example for Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping."
    Example for Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted."

    "Cancers seem to haunt certain families" is more like "It seems that cancers haunt certain families." This is a statement about probability or apparent truth based on observation.

    Let's check if Sense 1 could fit. Does the cancer "give a certain impression" of haunting families? Not really. It's more that the *situation* appears to be true.

    Therefore, Sense 2 is the strongest candidate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `certain`
    *   Target surface form: `certain`
    *   Context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families."

    *   Sense 1: `definite but not specified or identified` (e.g., "a certain sum", "a certain degree"). This is often used as a determiner meaning "some" or "particular".
    *   Sense 2: `having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured` (e.g., "felt certain of success").
    *   Sense 3: `established beyond doubt or question; definitely known` (e.g., "what is certain is that...").
    *   Sense 4: `certain to occur; destined or inevitable` (e.g., "he was certain to fail").
    *   Sense 5: `established irrevocably` (e.g., "his fate is sealed").
    *   Sense 6: `reliable in operation or effect` (e.g., "a quick and certain remedy").
    *   Sense 7: `exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance` (e.g., "be certain to disconnect the iron").

    *   The phrase is "certain families".
    *   In this context, "certain" modifies "families".
    *   It means "some specific families" or "particular families" (those with inherited defective genes).
    *   It does *not* mean the families are confident (Sense 2), that the families are established beyond doubt (Sense 3), that the families are inevitable (Sense 4), that the families are irrevocably established (Sense 5), that the families are reliable (Sense 6), or that the families are exercising care (Sense 7).

    *   Sense 1: "definite but not specified or identified". This fits perfectly. "Certain families" refers to specific families (those with the genetic predisposition), but they aren't explicitly named in the text.

    *   Sense 1: "definite but not specified or identified" -> "certain families" (some specific families). Correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain <t>families</t>. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `family`
    *   Target surface form: `families`
    *   Context: "...There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain <t>families</t>."
    *   Key phrase: "inherit defective versions of these genes", "haunt certain families".

    *   Sense 1: Social unit living together (household).
    *   Sense 2: Primary social group (parents and children).
    *   Sense 3: Collection of things sharing a common attribute (class, category).
    *   Sense 4: People descended from a common ancestor (family line, kinfolk).
    *   Sense 5: A person having kinship (kin).
    *   Sense 6: (Biology) Taxonomic group (genera).
    *   Sense 7: Organized crime (mob).
    *   Sense 8: Association of people sharing beliefs (fellowship).

    *   The context discusses inheriting defective genes.
    *   Inheritance happens through biological descent from ancestors.
    *   "Haunt certain families" in the context of genetic defects refers to lineages or groups of people related by blood/ancestry.
    *   Sense 4 ("people descended from a common ancestor") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 1 and 2 refer more to the immediate household or nuclear family.
    *   Sense 3 is for non-human categories.
    *   Sense 6 is for biological classification (taxonomic).

    *   Sense 4: "people descended from a common ancestor" / "family line, folk, kinfolk". This aligns with the concept of genetic inheritance across generations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: story
Target surface form: story
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The <t>story</t> of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=story%1:10:03:: | definition=a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program | synonyms=narrative, narration, tale | examples=his narrative was interesting; Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children
2. sense_key=story%1:10:00:: | definition=a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events | examples=he writes stories for the magazines
3. sense_key=story%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, level, storey | examples=what level is the office on?
4. sense_key=story%1:10:04:: | definition=a record or narrative description of past events | synonyms=history, account, chronicle | examples=a history of France; he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
5. sense_key=story%1:10:01:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=report, news report, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
6. sense_key=story%1:10:02:: | definition=a trivial lie | synonyms=fib, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle | examples=he told a fib about eating his spinach; how can I stop my child from telling stories?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `story`
    *   Target surface form: `story`
    *   Context: "The <t>story</t> of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `story%1:10:03::`: a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events (narrative, narration, tale).
        2.  `story%1:10:00::`: a piece of fiction (fiction).
        3.  `story%1:06:00::`: a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms (floor, level).
        4.  `story%1:10:04::`: a record or narrative description of past events (history, account, chronicle).
        5.  `story%1:10:01::`: a short account of the news (report, news report).
        6.  `story%1:10:02::`: a trivial lie (fib).

    *   The sentence says "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s...".
    *   It describes the historical development of a scientific theory/discovery.
    *   It's not fiction (sense 2).
    *   It's not a building floor (sense 3).
    *   It's not a news report (sense 5).
    *   It's not a lie (sense 6).
    *   It's between sense 1 (narrative/tale) and sense 4 (history/account/chronicle).

    *   Sense 1: "a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program". Synonyms: narrative, narration, tale.
    *   Sense 4: "a record or narrative description of past events". Synonyms: history, account, chronicle. Example: "a history of France".

    *   "The story of tumor-suppressor genes" refers to the history or the chronological account of how the concept was developed and understood over time.
    *   Sense 4 ("history", "account", "chronicle") fits perfectly with "goes back to the 1970s".

    *   Sense 1 is more about a specific narrative or a story told for entertainment or communication of a specific event.
    *   Sense 4 is specifically about the record or description of past events (history).

    *   The context "goes back to the 1970s" strongly aligns with "history" or "chronicle".

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go_back
Target surface form: goes back
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes <t>goes back</t> to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go_back%2:42:00:: | definition=belong to an earlier time | synonyms=date back, date from | examples=This story dates back 200 years
2. sense_key=go_back%2:32:00:: | definition=return in thought or speech to something | synonyms=recur
3. sense_key=go_back%2:30:00:: | definition=regain a former condition after a financial loss | synonyms=recover, recuperate | examples=We expect the stocks to recover to $2.90; The company managed to recuperate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `go_back`
    *   Target surface form: `goes back`
    *   Context: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes <t>goes back</t> to the 1970s..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `go_back%2:42:00::` | definition: belong to an earlier time | synonyms: date back, date from | example: "This story dates back 200 years"
        2.  `go_back%2:32:00::` | definition: return in thought or speech to something | synonyms: recur
        3.  `go_back%2:30:00::` | definition: regain a former condition after a financial loss | synonyms: recover, recuperate

    *   The sentence is: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s..."
    *   This refers to the origin or the time when the story/history began.
    *   It matches the meaning of "dating back to" or "belonging to an earlier time."

    *   Sense 1: "belong to an earlier time" (Synonyms: date back, date from). This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "return in thought or speech to something" (Synonyms: recur). This doesn't fit; the "story" isn't returning to a topic, it's originating in a time period.
    *   Sense 3: "regain a former condition after a financial loss" (Synonyms: recover, recuperate). This is completely irrelevant.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
4. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
5. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
6. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
7. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
8. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
9. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `name`
    *   Target surface form: `named`
    *   Context: "...when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."

    *   Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (e.g., "They named their son David").
    *   Sense 2: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property (e.g., "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal").
    *   Sense 3: charge with a function; charge to be (e.g., "She was named Head of the Committee").
    *   Sense 4: create and charge with a task or function (e.g., "nominate a committee").
    *   Sense 5: mention and identify by name (e.g., "name your accomplices!").
    *   Sense 6: make reference to (e.g., "His name was mentioned...").
    *   Sense 7: identify as in botany or biology (e.g., "identify, discover").
    *   Sense 8: give or make a list of (e.g., "List the states...").
    *   Sense 9: determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness (e.g., "diagnose").

    *   The phrase is "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr."
    *   In this context, "named" is used as a past participle acting as an adjective to identify the pediatrician.
    *   It means "who was called" or "whose name was".
    *   Looking at the senses:
        *   Sense 1 is about the *act* of assigning a name (naming a baby).
        *   Sense 2 is about identifying someone by name or referring to them by name.
        *   Sense 3/4 are about appointments.
        *   Sense 5 is about listing accomplices.
        *   Sense 6 is about mentioning.
        *   Sense 7 is biological identification.
        *   Sense 8 is listing.
        *   Sense 9 is diagnosing.

    *   Wait, let's re-examine Sense 1 and Sense 2.
    *   Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
    *   Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property".
    *   Actually, in the phrase "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr.", "named" is a reduced relative clause ("who was named...").
    *   Does "named" here mean he was *given* the name (Sense 1) or is it being used to *identify* him (Sense 2)?
    *   Usually, "a person named X" is a way of identifying the person.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". This is the act of naming.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2 again: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name...".
    *   Actually, in many WordNet-style datasets, "a man named John" is often mapped to the sense of "called" or "given the name".
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 1: "call". "A pediatrician called Alfred G. Knudson Jr."
    *   Let's check the synonyms for Sense 2: "identify". "A pediatrician identified as Alfred G. Knudson Jr."

    *   Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" (Synonym: call).
    *   Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name..." (Synonym: identify).
    *   In "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr.", the word "named" functions as "called".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "They named their son David." (Active voice). Passive: "Their son was named David."
    *   Example for Sense 2: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal." (This is more like "identified" or "mentioned").

    *   "A pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr." -> "A pediatrician called Alfred G. Knudson Jr."
    *   This fits the "call" synonym in Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: assign a name (call).
    *   Sense 2: identify/refer to by name.
    *   Sense 5: mention and identify by name.
    *   Sense 6: make reference to.

    If I say "I met a man named Bob," I am identifying him by the name he was given. The "naming" happened at birth (Sense 1). However, the *use* of the word "named" in "a man named Bob" is often categorized under the sense of "called" (Sense 1).

    Let's double-check Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name...". This sounds like "The witness named the suspect."

    Let's double-check Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". "The baby was named John." "A man named John."

    Comparing "A pediatrician named Alfred" with "They named their son David":
    In "They named their son David", the action is the assignment.
    In "A pediatrician named Alfred", the state is that he has been assigned that name.

    Is there a better sense?
    Sense 2: "give the name... refer to by name".
    Sense 5: "mention and identify by name".

    Actually, "a person named X" is almost always the "call" sense (Sense 1).

    Sense 1: assign a name / call.
    Sense 2: identify / refer to by name.
    Sense 3: appoint.
    Sense 4: appoint.
    Sense 5: mention.
    Sense 6: mention.
    Sense 7: identify (bio).
    Sense 8: list.
    Sense 9: diagnose.

    "A pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr."
    This is a descriptive phrase. "Named" here means "called".
    Sense 1 synonym is "call".

    Let's re-read Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property".
    Example: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal." (This means they were identified as suspects).

    Sense 1 is the most fitting for "a person named [Name]".