[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `face`
    *   Target surface form: `faced`
    *   Context: "...a test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `deal with (something unpleasant) head on` (confront, face up). Example: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes."
    *   Sense 2: `oppose, as in hostility or a competition` (confront). Example: "Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring."
    *   Sense 3: `be oriented in a certain direction` (front, look). Example: "The house looks north."
    *   Sense 4: `be opposite`. Example: "the facing page."
    *   Sense 5: `turn so as to face`. Example: "Turn and face your partner now."
    *   Sense 6: `present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize` (confront, present). Example: "We confronted him with the evidence."
    *   Sense 7: `turn so as to expose the face`. Example: "face a playing card."
    *   Sense 8: `line the edge (of a garment) with a different material`. Example: "face the lapels of the jacket."
    *   Sense 9: `cover the front or surface of`. Example: "The building was faced with beautiful stones."

    *   The sentence says: "...little Will Quinlan... faced no more risk than other children..."
    *   Here, "faced" means that the child was in a position of having to deal with or be subject to a certain risk.
    *   Comparing this to the senses:
        *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". While "risk" is unpleasant, "deal with head on" implies an active confrontation. However, in many contexts, "facing a risk" or "facing a challenge" is categorized under this general sense of being confronted by an unpleasant situation.
        *   Sense 2: "oppose, as in hostility or a competition". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 3: "be oriented in a certain direction". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 4: "be opposite". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 5: "turn so as to face". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 6: "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 7: "turn so as to expose the face". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 8: "line the edge". Not applicable.
        *   Sense 9: "cover the front or surface of". Not applicable.

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits the general idea of being confronted by an unpleasant possibility or situation (a risk). Even though "deal with head on" sounds active, "faced the consequences" (from the example) is very similar to "faced the risk".

    *   "faced no more risk" $\approx$ "confronted no more risk" or "was subject to no more risk".
    *   Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". Example: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes."
    *   This matches the usage of facing a risk/danger/consequence.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "more"
    *   Target surface form: "more"
    *   Context: "...faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `more%3:00:01::` (comparative of 'much' used with mass nouns) - greater in size, amount, extent, or degree.
        2.  `more%3:00:02::` (comparative of 'many' used with count nouns) - greater in number.

    *   The word "more" modifies "risk".
    *   "Risk" in this context ("no more risk than other children") refers to the degree of probability or danger.
    *   Is "risk" a mass noun or a count noun here?
        *   "Risk" is used as an uncountable noun (mass noun) referring to the extent of danger/probability. You don't say "three risks" in this specific context of probability of developing a disease (though you can in other contexts, e.g., "taking several risks"). Here, it's "no more risk", not "no more risks".

    *   Sense 1: Comparative of 'much', used with mass nouns (size, amount, extent, degree).
    *   Sense 2: Comparative of 'many', used with count nouns (number).

    *   "Risk" (the degree of danger) is a mass noun.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct fit.

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `risk`
    *   Target surface form: `risk`
    *   Context: "...little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `risk%1:26:00::`: a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune (synonyms: hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment).
        2.  `risk%1:04:00::`: a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury (synonyms: peril, danger).
        3.  `risk%1:07:02::`: the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred (synonyms: risk of infection).
        4.  `risk%1:07:01::`: the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent (synonyms: risk of exposure).

    *   The sentence discusses the probability of a child developing a genetic cancer (retinoblastoma).
    *   "faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
    *   This refers to the *possibility* or *probability* of a negative health outcome (developing cancer).

    *   Sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune". This fits well. Developing cancer is a misfortune/danger.
    *   Sense 2: "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury". This refers to taking a risk (like a gamble or a dangerous activity). The child didn't "undertake a venture".
    *   Sense 3: "the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred". Cancer (especially genetic retinoblastoma) is not an infectious disease.
    *   Sense 4: "the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent". Again, not an infectious disease.

    *   Sense 1 is the general sense of "possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" or "source of danger". In medical contexts, "risk" often refers to the probability of developing a disease. While Sense 3 and 4 are specific to infections, Sense 1 covers the general concept of danger/misfortune.

    *   The context is about the probability of developing a genetic cancer.
    *   Sense 1: "possibility of incurring loss or misfortune".
    *   Sense 2: "venture undertaken". (Incorrect)
    *   Sense 3: "probability of becoming infected". (Incorrect - cancer is not an infection)
    *   Sense 4: "probability of being exposed to an infectious agent". (Incorrect)

    *   Sense 1 is the only one that fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "other"
    *   Target surface form: "other"
    *   Context: "...little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer."

    *   Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (e.g., "highways and other public works").
    *   Sense 2: "recently past" (e.g., "the other evening").
    *   Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" (e.g., "early inhabitants of Europe").
    *   Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" (e.g., "a strange, other dimension").

    *   The sentence compares "little Will Quinlan" to "other children".
    *   "Other children" here means children who are not Will Quinlan (and potentially not in his specific genetic situation).
    *   This fits the definition of "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied".

    *   Sense 1: Fits perfectly. Will is one child; "other children" are the rest of the children in the general population.
    *   Sense 2: Does not fit (not referring to time).
    *   Sense 3: Does not fit (not referring to the distant past).
    *   Sense 4: Does not fit (not referring to something strange or unusual).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `child`
    *   Target surface form: `children`
    *   Context: "...little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `a young person of either sex` (kid, youngster, minor). Focuses on age.
    *   Sense 2: `a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age` (kid). Focuses on relationship to parents.
    *   Sense 3: `an immature childish person` (baby). Focuses on behavior/maturity.
    *   Sense 4: `a member of a clan or tribe`. Focuses on group membership.

    *   The sentence compares "little Will Quinlan" (a young child) to "other children".
    *   The context is about the risk of developing a rare cancer (retinoblastoma) that occurs in births/infancy.
    *   The comparison is between one young person and other young people in the same age group/category of vulnerability.
    *   While Will is a "child" of his parents (Sense 2), the phrase "other children" in the context of "developing the rare cancer" refers to the general population of young people (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1 (young person) fits best because the risk is being compared across the demographic of young children, not specifically as offspring of specific parents.

    *   Sense 1: "she writes books for children" (general group of young people).
    *   Sense 2: "they had three children" (offspring).
    *   In the target sentence, "other children" refers to the general population of young people, not "other offspring of the Quinlans" (which would be impossible/nonsensical in this specific phrasing "no more risk than other children").

    *   The target is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `develop`
    *   Target surface form: `developing`
    *   Context: "...faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "developing the rare cancer" means the child coming to have or contracting the disease.

    *   Sense 1: make something new (product/creation) - No.
    *   Sense 2: work out (theory) - No.
    *   Sense 3: gain through experience (acquire a sense of right/wrong) - No.
    *   Sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - Examples: "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains." (This fits medical conditions/symptoms).
    *   Sense 5: come into existence (originate) - No.
    *   Sense 6: change use of land - No.
    *   Sense 7: elaborate theories - No.
    *   Sense 8: create by training - No.
    *   Sense 9: be gradually disclosed (plot) - No.
    *   Sense 10: grow/progress through evolution/natural growth - No.
    *   Sense 11: become technologically advanced - No.
    *   Sense 12: cause to grow (make grow) - No.
    *   Sense 13: generate gradually (customers) - No.
    *   Sense 14: grow emotionally/mature - No.
    *   Sense 15: chemical solutions (film) - No.
    *   Sense 16: geometry - No.
    *   Sense 17: chess - No.
    *   Sense 18: chess - No.
    *   Sense 19: music - No.
    *   Sense 20: happen (news) - No.
    *   Sense 21: series (math) - No.

    *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the example "The patient developed abdominal pains."
    *   Developing a cancer is very similar to developing abdominal pains; it's the onset of a medical condition.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit for "developing the rare cancer."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses genetic tests for "cancer-susceptible individuals," "predictive cancer diagnosis," "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer," "rare tumor," and "developing the rare <t>cancer</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context is clearly medical/biological, focusing on genetic mutations, tumors, and retinoblastoma.
    *   Sense 1 describes a malignant growth or tumor, which perfectly matches the context.
    *   Senses 2, 3, and 4 are astrological/astronomical.
    *   Sense 5 is biological (genus of crabs), but not related to the disease.

    *   The target word `<t>cancer</t>` refers to the disease (retinoblastoma).
    *   Sense 1 is the correct match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 45}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 45}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `make`
    *   Target surface form: `made`
    *   Context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. 'It <t>made</t> our New Year,' says Mr. Quinlan."

    *   The phrase is "It made our New Year."
    *   In this context, "it" refers to the news/result of the test (that the baby was not at risk).
    *   "Made our New Year" means the news made the holiday special, enjoyable, or a success. It brought great happiness or satisfaction.

    *   Sense 1: engage in (do) - No.
    *   Sense 2: give certain properties to something (get someone mad) - No.
    *   Sense 3: make or cause to be or to become (create a mess) - No.
    *   Sense 4: cause to do (induce) - No.
    *   Sense 5: give rise to; cause to happen or occur (cause a commotion) - No.
    *   Sense 6: create or manufacture (produce cars) - No.
    *   Sense 7: make, formulate, or derive in the mind (draw a conclusion) - No.
    *   Sense 8: compel or make somebody to act (heat makes you sweat) - No.
    *   Sense 9: create by artistic means (create a poem) - No.
    *   Sense 10: earn money - No.
    *   Sense 11: create or design (do my room in blue) - No.
    *   Sense 12: compose or represent (form, constitute) - No.
    *   Sense 13: reach a goal (make the first team) - No.
    *   Sense 14: be or be capable of being changed into (make a fine father) - No.
    *   Sense 15: make by shaping (make a dress) - No.
    *   Sense 16: perform or carry out (make a decision) - No.
    *   Sense 17: make by combining materials (construct) - No.
    *   Sense 18: change from one form into another (water into wine) - No.
    *   Sense 19: act in a certain way so as to acquire (make friends) - No.
    *   Sense 20: charge with a function (made president) - No.
    *   Sense 21: achieve a point or goal (got 4 goals) - No.
    *   Sense 22: reach a destination (hit Detroit) - No.
    *   Sense 23: institute, enact (make laws) - No.
    *   Sense 24: carry out or commit (make a mistake) - No.
    *   Sense 25: form by assembling (make a quorum) - No.
    *   Sense 26: organize or be responsible for (throw a party) - No.
    *   Sense 27: put in order (make the bed) - No.
    *   Sense 28: head into a specified direction (made for the mountains) - No.
    *   Sense 29: bowel movement - No.
    *   Sense 30: undergo fabrication - No.
    *   Sense 31: be suitable for (wood makes good furniture) - No.
    *   Sense 32: add up to (4+4=8) - No.
    *   Sense 33: amount to (makes no difference) - No.
    *   Sense 34: constitute the essence of (clothes make the man) - No.
    *   Sense 35: appear to begin an activity (made to speak) - No.
    *   Sense 36: proceed along a path (make one's way) - No.
    *   Sense 37: reach in time (made the plane) - No.
    *   Sense 38: gather and light materials (make a fire) - No.
    *   Sense 39: prepare for eating (cook dinner) - No.
    *   Sense 40: induce to have sex - No.
    *   Sense 41: assure the success of (make your play) - This is close, but "make your play" usually means making it a hit/success in a professional sense.
    *   Sense 42: represent fictitiously (pretend) - No.
    *   Sense 43: consider as being - No.
    *   Sense 44: calculate as being - No.
    *   Sense 45: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable (example: "make my day") - This fits perfectly. "It made our New Year" is exactly the same structure and meaning as "It made my day."
    *   Sense 46: favor the development of - No.
    *   Sense 47: develop into - No.
    *   Sense 48: behave in a certain way (make merry) - No.
    *   Sense 49: eliminate urine - No.

    *   Context: "It made our New Year."
    *   Sense 45: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" (Example: "make my day").
    *   The match is exact.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `say`
    *   Target surface form: `says`
    *   Context: `"It made our New Year," <t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan.`
    *   Meaning: Mr. Quinlan is speaking/stating a fact or feeling.

    *   1: express in words (state, tell) - Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her"
    *   2: report or maintain (allege, aver) - Example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"
    *   3: express a supposition (suppose) - Example: "Let us say that he did not tell the truth"
    *   4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read) - Example: "What does the law say?"
    *   5: give instructions to or direct somebody (order, tell) - Example: "I said to him to go home"
    *   6: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce, articulate) - Example: "She pronounces French words in a funny way"
    *   7: communicate or express nonverbally - Example: "What does this painting say?"
    *   8: utter aloud - Example: "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office"
    *   9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - Example: "I say let's forget this whole business"
    *   10: recite or repeat a fixed text - Example: "Say grace"
    *   11: indicate - Example: "The clock says noon"

    *   The sentence is a direct quote: `"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.`
    *   This is a standard way of attributing a spoken statement.
    *   Sense 1 ("express in words") is the most general and common sense for attributing a quote.
    *   Sense 8 ("utter aloud") is similar, but usually refers to the physical act of speaking a specific word or phrase (e.g., "She said 'Hello'").
    *   Sense 2 ("report or maintain") implies a claim that might be disputed (allege).
    *   Sense 9 ("state as one's opinion or judgement") is more about making a proposal or a strong declaration.

    *   Sense 1: "express in words" (state, tell). This fits perfectly for attributing a quote.
    *   Sense 8: "utter aloud". While he did utter it aloud, "says" in this context is primarily used to attribute the words spoken.

    *   In journalistic writing, "says" is the standard verb for attributing a quote, which aligns best with "express in words" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: express in words.
    *   Context: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
    *   This is a direct expression of his feelings in words.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "first"
    *   Target surface form: "first"
    *   Context: "This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Meaning: The test mentioned was the earliest one of its kind to achieve this result.

    *   Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" (e.g., the first house on the right; the first day of spring).
    *   Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" (synonym: 1st).
    *   Sense 3: "serving to set in motion" (synonyms: inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden).
    *   Sense 4: "serving to begin" (synonym: beginning).
    *   Sense 5: "ranking above all others" (synonyms: foremost, world-class).
    *   Sense 6: "highest in pitch or chief among parts..."

    *   The sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably..." means that among all tests created, this one happened before all others in time.
    *   Sense 1 ("preceding all others in time or space or degree") fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is more about the position in a list/series (1st).
    *   Sense 3 is about initiating a process (inaugural).
    *   Sense 4 is about the beginning part of something (beginning verse).
    *   Sense 5 is about quality/rank (foremost).
    *   Sense 6 is about music.

    *   The test is the earliest one in time to perform this function. This aligns with "preceding all others in time".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `individual`
    *   Target surface form: `individual`
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `individual%1:03:00::`: a human being (synonyms: person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul)
        2.  `individual%1:18:00::`: a single organism

    *   The text discusses a genetic test for retinoblastoma (eye cancer) in humans (the Quinlan family).
    *   The sentence "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" refers to the people being tested for this specific human genetic condition.
    *   While a human is a "single organism," the context is specifically about human health, genetics, and medical testing for people.

    *   Sense 1: "a human being" (person, someone).
    *   Sense 2: "a single organism" (more general, could be any species).

    *   The context is entirely about humans (the Quinlan family, a Boston doctor, children, births).
    *   "Individual" here is used as a synonym for "person" or "patient."
    *   Sense 1 is the most specific and accurate fit for the context of human medical testing.

    *   Sense 1: human being.
    *   Sense 2: single organism.
    *   The context is about humans. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `expect`
    *   Target surface form: `expect`
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer."

    *   Sense 1: `regard something as probable or likely` (Synonym: anticipate). Example: "meteorologists are expecting rain".
    *   Sense 2: `consider obligatory; request and expect` (Synonyms: ask, require). Example: "require our secretary to be on time".
    *   Sense 3: `look forward to the probable occurrence of` (Synonyms: look, await, wait). Example: "expecting a visit from our relatives".
    *   Sense 4: `consider reasonable or due`. Example: "expecting a full explanation".
    *   Sense 5: `look forward to the birth of a child`. Example: "expecting in March".
    *   Sense 6: `be pregnant with`. Example: "expecting another child".

    *   The sentence is: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
    *   In this context, "expect to develop cancer" means that based on the test results, it is *probable* or *likely* that the person will develop cancer.
    *   It's not about obligation (Sense 2), looking forward to it with anticipation/waiting (Sense 3), considering it reasonable/due (Sense 4), or pregnancy (Senses 5 and 6).
    *   Sense 1 ("regard something as probable or likely") fits best. The test predicts the probability of the event.

    *   Sense 1: "regard something as probable or likely" -> Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 3: "look forward to the probable occurrence of" -> This usually implies a certain level of anticipation or waiting for a specific event (like a visit), whereas Sense 1 is more about the statistical or logical probability.

    *   The context is about a genetic test predicting the risk of cancer. "Whether an individual could expect to develop cancer" means "whether it is likely that an individual will develop cancer." This aligns with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "develop"
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer."
    *   Meaning: In this context, "develop cancer" means to start having the disease or for the disease to manifest in the body.

    *   Sense 1: make something new (product/creation) - No.
    *   Sense 2: work out (theory) - No.
    *   Sense 3: gain through experience (acquire a sense of right/wrong) - No.
    *   Sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) - Synonyms: grow, produce, get, acquire. Example: "The patient developed abdominal pains." (This fits well with developing a disease/cancer).
    *   Sense 5: come into existence; take on form or shape - No.
    *   Sense 6: change the use of land - No.
    *   Sense 7: elaborate theories - No.
    *   Sense 8: create by training - No.
    *   Sense 9: be gradually disclosed (plot) - No.
    *   Sense 10: grow, progress, unfold (natural growth/evolution) - No.
    *   Sense 11: become technologically advanced - No.
    *   Sense 12: cause to grow (make grow) - No.
    *   Sense 13: generate gradually (customers/market) - No.
    *   Sense 14: grow emotionally/mature - No.
    *   Sense 15: make visible (film) - No.
    *   Sense 16: geometry - No.
    *   Sense 17: chess - No.
    *   Sense 18: chess - No.
    *   Sense 19: music - No.
    *   Sense 20: happen (news/political movements) - No.
    *   Sense 21: expand in a series (math) - No.

    *   Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with the example "The patient developed abdominal pains."
    *   Developing cancer is a physical change/attribute (acquiring a disease). This matches the example "developed abdominal pains" perfectly.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `cancer`
    *   Target surface form: `cancer`
    *   Context: The text discusses retinoblastoma, an eye cancer, genetic probes, tumor-suppressor genes, and the prediction of whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `cancer%1:26:00::`: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
        2.  `cancer%1:18:00::`: (astrology) a person born while the sun is in Cancer.
        3.  `cancer%1:17:00::`: a small zodiacal constellation.
        4.  `cancer%1:15:00::`: the fourth sign of the zodiac.
        5.  `cancer%1:05:00::`: type genus of the family Cancridae.

    *   The context mentions "retinoblastoma, an eye cancer", "rare tumor", "tumor-suppressor gene", and "malignant growth".
    *   The target word "cancer" in "whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>" clearly refers to the medical condition of malignant growth.

    *   Sense 1 matches the medical definition perfectly.
    *   Senses 2, 3, 4, and 5 refer to astrology, astronomy, or biology (crabs), which are irrelevant here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "equally"
    *   Target surface form: "Equally"
    *   Context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study..."

    *   Sense 1: "to the same degree (often followed by 'as')" (Synonyms: as, every bit). Example: "they were equally beautiful".
    *   Sense 2: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way" (Synonyms: evenly). Example: "a class evenly divided between girls and boys".

    *   The sentence is: "Equally important, the initial discovery..."
    *   Here, "equally" modifies the adjective "important".
    *   It means that the discovery is *to the same degree* important as the previous point (the test predicting cancer).
    *   It does not mean "in equal amounts or shares" (like splitting money or dividing a class).

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly: "to the same degree".
    *   Sense 2 does not fit: "in equal amounts or shares".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "important"
    *   Context: "Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study..."
    *   Meaning: The discovery is being described as having great significance or value because it opened a new field of study.

    *   Sense 1: "of great significance or value" (synonym: of import). Examples: "important people", "important questions of the day".
    *   Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning" (synonym: significant). Examples: "a significant change in tax laws".
    *   Sense 3: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" (synonym: crucial). Examples: "a crucial moment in his career".
    *   Sense 4: "having authority or ascendancy or influence" (synonym: authoritative). Examples: "an important official".
    *   Sense 5: "having or suggesting a consciousness of high position". Examples: "an important air".

    *   The context says the discovery "has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."
    *   This indicates the discovery is of great significance or value to science/medicine.
    *   Sense 1 ("of great significance or value") fits well.
    *   Sense 2 ("important in effect or meaning" / "significant") also fits, but Sense 1 is the more general and primary sense for "of great significance".
    *   Sense 3 ("vital to the resolution of a crisis") is too strong/specific.
    *   Sense 4 and 5 refer to people/status, not discoveries.

    *   Sense 1: "of great significance or value"
    *   Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning" (often used for statistical significance or a specific change).
    *   In the sentence "Equally important, the initial discovery...", the author is highlighting the value/significance of the discovery. This is a classic use of "important" meaning "of great significance".

    *   Sense 1 is the most general and fitting description for a scientific discovery that opens a new field.

    *   Wait, let me re-read Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant".
    *   And Sense 1: "of great significance or value | synonyms=of import".
    *   Usually, "significant" (Sense 2) is used for changes or differences. "Of great significance" (Sense 1) is used for events, discoveries, or people.
    *   The discovery is of great significance.

    *   Sense 1: "of great significance or value"
    *   Sense 2: "important in effect or meaning"
    *   Sense 3: "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis"
    *   Sense 4: "having authority"
    *   Sense 5: "consciousness of high position"

    The discovery is significant/important because it opened a new field. This aligns best with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `discovery`
    *   Target surface form: `discovery`
    *   Context: "...the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

    *   Sense 1: `discovery%1:04:00::` - the act of discovering something (the process/action).
    *   Sense 2: `discovery%1:10:00::` - something that is discovered (the object/result).
    *   Sense 3: `discovery%1:09:00::` - a productive insight (breakthrough, find).
    *   Sense 4: `discovery%1:10:01::` - (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure.

    *   The sentence says: "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study".
    *   The discovery is not just the *act* of finding it (Sense 1), nor just the *gene itself* (Sense 2), but the *fact* of the discovery which acted as a breakthrough that "opened a field of cancer study".
    *   Comparing Sense 2 and Sense 3: Sense 2 is generic ("something that is discovered"). Sense 3 is more specific ("a productive insight", "breakthrough").
    *   The context "has opened a field of cancer study" strongly suggests a "breakthrough" or "productive insight".
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1: "the act of discovering". While it was an act, the sentence focuses on the *impact* of that discovery (opening a field), which aligns better with a "breakthrough" (Sense 3).
    *   Wait, let's look at the phrasing "the initial discovery of the gene". This often refers to the event or the result.
    *   If we look at the synonyms for Sense 3: "breakthrough, find". "The initial breakthrough of the gene" doesn't sound quite right, but "The initial find" or "The discovery as a breakthrough" does.
    *   Actually, "the discovery of the gene" usually refers to the event/act (Sense 1) or the result (Sense 2). But the context "has opened a field of cancer study" elevates it to a "breakthrough" (Sense 3).
    *   Let's check Sense 3 again: "a productive insight". The discovery of the gene provided the insight that opened the field.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 (act) vs Sense 3 (breakthrough). "The act of discovering the gene... has opened a field" vs "The breakthrough discovery of the gene... has opened a field".
    *   In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "discovery" in the context of scientific breakthroughs is mapped to the "breakthrough" sense.

    *   Sense 1: Act of discovering.
    *   Sense 2: The thing discovered (the gene).
    *   Sense 3: A productive insight/breakthrough.
    *   The sentence says the discovery "opened a field of cancer study". This implies the discovery was a catalyst, a breakthrough.

    *   Sense 1: "the act of discovering something"
    *   Sense 2: "something that is discovered"
    *   Sense 3: "a productive insight" (synonyms: breakthrough, find)
    *   The discovery of the gene is the "find" or "breakthrough" that led to further study.

    *   Is it the *act* (Sense 1)? "The act of discovering the gene... opened a field."
    *   Is it the *thing* (Sense 2)? "The gene (which was discovered)... opened a field."
    *   Is it the *breakthrough* (Sense 3)? "The breakthrough (the discovery of the gene)... opened a field."
    *   Sense 3 fits the "opened a field of cancer study" part best.

    *   Sense 1: act
    *   Sense 2: thing
    *   Sense 3: breakthrough
    *   Context: "the initial discovery of the gene... has opened a field of cancer study"
    *   This is a classic example of a scientific breakthrough.

    *   Sense 1: discovery%1:04:00:: (act)
    *   Sense 2: discovery%1:10:00:: (thing)
    *   Sense 3: discovery%1:09:00:: (breakthrough)
    *   Sense 4: discovery%1:10:01:: (law)
    *   The most precise fit for a discovery that "opens a field" is Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: controls
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%2:41:00:: | definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
2. sense_key=control%2:41:01:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
3. sense_key=control%2:35:00:: | definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. sense_key=control%2:37:06:: | definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
5. sense_key=control%2:41:02:: | definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
6. sense_key=control%2:31:11:: | definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account
7. sense_key=control%2:31:01:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. sense_key=control%2:31:00:: | definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `control`
    *   Target surface form: `controls`
    *   Context: "...the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth..."
    *   Meaning: The gene regulates or manages the growth of retinal cells.

    *   Sense 1: exercise authoritative control or power over (command) - Usually refers to people or organizations.
    *   Sense 2: lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits (hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate) - This fits the biological context of a "tumor-suppressor gene" which limits/restrains growth.
    *   Sense 3: handle and cause to function (operate) - Refers to machinery.
    *   Sense 4: control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully (manipulate) - Refers to social/psychological manipulation.
    *   Sense 5: check or regulate (a scientific experiment) - Refers to experimental controls.
    *   Sense 6: verify by using a duplicate register - Refers to accounting.
    *   Sense 7: be careful or certain to do something (ensure) - Refers to verification.
    *   Sense 8: have a firm understanding or knowledge of (master) - Refers to knowledge.

    *   The context mentions a "tumor-suppressor gene".
    *   Tumor-suppressor genes function by inhibiting or regulating cell division/growth to prevent tumors.
    *   Sense 2 ("lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits") aligns perfectly with the function of a tumor-suppressor gene regulating cell growth.
    *   Sense 1 ("authoritative control") is too anthropomorphic.
    *   Sense 3 ("operate") is for machines.

    *   Sense 2: "lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits".
    *   Synonyms: "hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate".
    *   In biology, "controlling growth" often means regulating it or keeping it within limits.

    *   Sense 1: No.
    *   Sense 2: Yes.
    *   Sense 3: No.
    *   Sense 4: No.
    *   Sense 5: No.
    *   Sense 6: No.
    *   Sense 7: No.
    *   Sense 8: No.