[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: course
Target surface form: courses
Context:
The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "<t>courses</t>. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=course%1:04:01:: | definition=education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings | synonyms=course of study, course of instruction, class | examples=he took a course in basket weaving; flirting is not unknown in college classes
2. sense_key=course%1:14:00:: | definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | synonyms=line | examples=the government took a firm course; historians can only point out those lines for which evidence is available
3. sense_key=course%1:15:00:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=trend | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
4. sense_key=course%1:04:00:: | definition=a mode of action | synonyms=course of action | examples=if you persist in that course you will surely fail; once a nation is embarked on a course of action it becomes extremely difficult for any retraction to take place
5. sense_key=course%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=path, track | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal
6. sense_key=course%1:14:01:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, form, grade | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
7. sense_key=course%1:13:00:: | definition=part of a meal served at one time | examples=she prepared a three course meal
8. sense_key=course%1:06:01:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=row | examples=a course of bricks
9. sense_key=course%1:06:00:: | definition=facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport | examples=the course had only nine holes; the course was less than a mile

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `course`
    *   Target surface form: `courses`
    *   Context: "...since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `course%1:04:01::`: education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings (synonyms: course of study, course of instruction, class).
        2.  `course%1:14:00::`: a connected series of events or actions or developments.
        3.  `course%1:15:00::`: general line of orientation.
        4.  `course%1:04:00::`: a mode of action.
        5.  `course%1:17:00::`: a line or route along which something travels or moves.
        6.  `course%1:14:01::`: a body of students who are taught together.
        7.  `course%1:13:00::`: part of a meal served at one time.
        8.  `course%1:06:01::`: (construction) a layer of masonry.
        9.  `course%1:06:00::`: facility consisting of a circumscribed area of land or water laid out for a sport.

    *   The context mentions "passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy" and "took such courses in college".
    *   This clearly refers to educational units or classes.

    *   Sense 1: "education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings" (synonyms: course of study, course of instruction, class). This matches perfectly.
    *   Sense 6: "a body of students who are taught together" (synonyms: class, form, grade). While "class" is a synonym for both, "passed courses" and "took courses" usually refer to the curriculum/instruction (Sense 1) rather than the group of people (Sense 6).

    *   Sense 1 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on <t>teachers</t>, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `teacher`
    *   Target surface form: `teachers`
    *   Context: A passage discussing progressive education, disciplined instruction, personality development, tests, professional self-definition, educational psychology/philosophy, and schoolteachers.
    *   Target word in context: `<t>teachers</t>` (specifically in the sentence "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment.")

    *   Sense 1: `teacher%1:18:00::` | definition: "a person whose occupation is teaching" | synonyms: "instructor"
    *   Sense 2: `teacher%1:09:00::` | definition: "a personified abstraction that teaches" | examples: "books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher"

    *   The text mentions "Progressive education... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers", "nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development'", "provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a 'profession'", and "I know many schoolteachers".
    *   The target word "teachers" refers to the people who work in the education system (the professionals/instructors), not abstract concepts like "experience" or "books".

    *   Sense 1 fits perfectly (person whose occupation is teaching).
    *   Sense 2 does not fit (not an abstraction).

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: distinct
Target surface form: distinct
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as <t>distinct</t> from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=(often followed by `from') not alike; different in nature or quality | synonyms=distinguishable | examples=plants of several distinct types; the word `nationalism' is used in at least two distinct senses
2. sense_key=distinct%3:00:00:: | definition=easy to perceive; especially clearly outlined | examples=a distinct flavor; a distinct odor of turpentine
3. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:separate:00 | definition=constituting a separate entity or part | synonyms=discrete | examples=a government with three discrete divisions; on two distinct occasions
4. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=recognizable; marked | synonyms=decided | examples=noticed a distinct improvement; at a distinct (or decided) disadvantage
5. sense_key=distinct%5:00:00:clear:00 | definition=clearly or sharply defined to the mind | synonyms=clear-cut, trenchant | examples=clear-cut evidence of tampering; Claudius was the first to invade Britain with distinct...intentions of conquest

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "distinct"
    *   Context: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as <t>distinct</t> from the educational establishment."
    *   Sentence meaning: The author is saying it's unfair to criticize teachers, treating them as separate or different from the broader educational establishment.

    *   Sense 1: `different:00` - not alike; different in nature or quality (often followed by 'from').
    *   Sense 2: `::` - easy to perceive; clearly outlined (e.g., distinct flavor).
    *   Sense 3: `separate:00` - constituting a separate entity or part (synonym: discrete).
    *   Sense 4: `definite:00` - recognizable; marked (synonym: decided).
    *   Sense 5: `clear:00` - clearly or sharply defined to the mind (synonym: clear-cut).

    *   The phrase is "as distinct from".
    *   The author is distinguishing between "teachers" and "the educational establishment".
    *   Sense 1 ("different in nature or quality") and Sense 3 ("constituting a separate entity or part") are the strongest candidates.
    *   Sense 1 specifically mentions "often followed by 'from'".
    *   Sense 3 focuses on being a "separate entity".

    *   "as distinct from" is a common idiom meaning "as opposed to" or "different from".
    *   Looking at Sense 1: "not alike; different in nature or quality".
    *   Looking at Sense 3: "constituting a separate entity or part".
    *   In the context "teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment", the author is treating teachers as a separate group/entity from the establishment.
    *   However, the phrase "distinct from" is explicitly mentioned in the definition of Sense 1.

    *   Sense 1: "not alike; different in nature or quality" (often followed by 'from').
    *   Sense 3: "constituting a separate entity or part" (synonym: discrete).
    *   If I say "A is distinct from B", I usually mean A is not the same as B (Sense 1) or A is a separate entity from B (Sense 3).
    *   In this context, the author is making a distinction between the people (teachers) and the system (establishment). This suggests they are separate entities.
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "not alike; different in nature or quality".
    *   Let's re-read Sense 3: "constituting a separate entity or part".
    *   "Teachers" and "the educational establishment" are not "not alike" in the sense of quality; they are separate categories.
    *   Actually, "as distinct from" is very frequently mapped to Sense 1 in many WSD datasets when it means "different from". But let's look at the WordNet definitions again.
    *   Sense 1: `different:00` - not alike; different in nature or quality.
    *   Sense 3: `separate:00` - constituting a separate entity or part.
    *   If the author means "teachers are not the same thing as the establishment", that's Sense 1. If the author means "teachers are a separate part of the establishment" or "separate from it", that's Sense 3.
    *   The phrase "as distinct from" usually serves to contrast two things.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "the word 'nationalism' is used in at least two distinct senses" (meaning different).
    *   Example for Sense 3: "on two distinct occasions" (meaning separate).
    *   "Teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment" -> Teachers are a separate entity from the establishment.

    *   Sense 1: different in nature or quality.
    *   Sense 3: separate entity.
    *   Is a teacher "different in nature" from the establishment? Yes. Is a teacher a "separate entity" from the establishment? Yes.
    *   Usually, "distinct from" in the sense of "as opposed to" aligns with "different".
    *   Let's check the "often followed by 'from'" hint in Sense 1. This is a very strong indicator for the phrase "distinct from".

    *   Sense 1: `distinct%5:00:00:different:00`
    *   Sense 3: `distinct%5:00:00:separate:00`
    *   In "as distinct from", the meaning is usually "different from" or "separate from".
    *   If I have to choose the *best* one, and Sense 1 explicitly mentions "often followed by 'from'", it's the most likely intended answer for this specific linguistic pattern.

    *   "But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment."
    *   Meaning: It's unfair to criticize teachers, who are different/separate from the establishment.
    *   Sense 1: different in nature or quality.
    *   Sense 3: constituting a separate entity or part.
    *   The distinction here is between a group of people and an organization/system. They are different types of things.

    *   Sense 1: different (not alike)
    *   Sense 3: separate (discrete)
    *   "Distinct from" is the classic way to express "different from".

    *   Sense 1: "not alike; different in nature or quality"
    *   Sense 3: "constituting a separate entity or part"
    *   If the author is saying "don't blame the teachers; they aren't the same as the establishment", that's Sense 1.
    *   If the author is saying "don't blame the teachers; they are a separate part from the establishment", that's Sense 3.
    *   The phrase "as distinct from" is almost always used to clarify that two things should not be confused or grouped together because they are different.

    *   Sense 1: `different:00`
    *   Sense 3: `separate:00`
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "plants of several distinct types" (different types)
        *   Sense 3: "on two distinct occasions" (separate occasions)
    *   "Teachers" vs "Educational establishment" is more like "different types" (people vs system) than "separate occasions".

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting because of the "followed by 'from'" note and the nature of the contrast.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the <t>educational</t> establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `educational`
    *   Target surface form: `educational`
    *   Context: "...But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the <t>educational</t> establishment."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `educational%3:01:00::`: relating to the process of education (Example: educational psychology)
        2.  `educational%5:00:00:instructive:00`: providing knowledge (Example: an educational film)

    *   The phrase is "the educational establishment".
    *   "Educational establishment" refers to the system, institutions, and administration involved in education.
    *   It describes the *nature* or *domain* of the establishment (relating to education), not that the establishment itself "provides knowledge" in the way a film or a book does (instructive).

    *   Sense 1: "relating to the process of education". This fits perfectly. The "educational establishment" is the establishment relating to the process of education.
    *   Sense 2: "providing knowledge" (instructive). This doesn't fit. The establishment isn't "instructive" in the sense of a lesson or a tool; it's the organizational structure of education.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
"Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational <t>establishment</t>. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "establishment"
    *   Context: "...it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment."
    *   Meaning: The author is distinguishing between individual teachers and the broader system/administration/governing body that runs education.

    *   Sense 1: The act of forming or establishing something (process). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 2: An organization founded and united for a specific purpose (institution). -> Possible, but generic.
    *   Sense 3: The persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something (administration, governance, governing body, brass). -> Very strong fit. "Educational establishment" often refers to the administration/governing body.
    *   Sense 4: A public or private structure (buildings/equipment). -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 5: Any large organization. -> Possible, but less specific than Sense 3.
    *   Sense 6: Ecology process. -> Incorrect.
    *   Sense 7: Cognitive process of proof. -> Incorrect.

    *   The sentence contrasts "teachers" (the workers) with the "educational establishment" (the people/system in charge).
    *   Sense 3 specifically mentions "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" and lists synonyms like "administration" and "governing body."
    *   Sense 2 and 5 are too broad. Sense 3 captures the nuance of the "establishment" as the power structure or administration.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I <t>know</t> many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `know`
    *   Target surface form: `know`
    *   Context: "I <t>know</t> many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `know%2:31:01::`: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information.
        2.  `know%2:31:03::`: know how to do or perform something.
        3.  `know%2:31:02::`: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something.
        4.  `know%2:31:00::`: be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object.
        5.  `know%2:31:04::`: have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations.
        6.  `know%2:31:06::`: accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority.
        7.  `know%2:31:15::`: have fixed in the mind (e.g., a language).
        8.  `know%2:35:00::`: have sexual intercourse with.
        9.  `know%2:31:11::`: know the nature or character of.
        10. `know%2:31:12::`: be able to distinguish, recognize as being different.
        11. `know%2:31:14::`: perceive as familiar.

    *   The sentence is: "I know many schoolteachers..."
    *   The object of "know" is "many schoolteachers" (people).
    *   The speaker is saying they are acquainted with or familiar with several people who are schoolteachers.

    *   Sense 1: Fact/information (No)
    *   Sense 2: How to do something (No)
    *   Sense 3: Truth/belief (No)
    *   Sense 4: Be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object (Yes - "Do you know my sister?")
    *   Sense 5: Firsthand knowledge of states/emotions (No)
    *   Sense 6: Accept authority (No)
    *   Sense 7: Fixed in mind/knowledge of a subject (No)
    *   Sense 8: Sexual intercourse (No)
    *   Sense 9: Know the nature or character of (Possible, but Sense 4 is the primary meaning for "knowing people").
    *   Sense 10: Distinguish (No)
    *   Sense 11: Perceive as familiar (Usually refers to a voice, a smell, etc., rather than a general acquaintance).

    *   Sense 4: "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" (Example: "Do you know my sister?")
    *   Sense 9: "know the nature or character of" (Example: "we all knew her as a big show-off")
    *   In "I know many schoolteachers", the speaker is referring to their social acquaintance or familiarity with these people, which fits Sense 4 perfectly.

    *   Sense 4 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seriously
Target surface form: seriously
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seriously%4:02:00:: | definition=in a serious manner | synonyms=earnestly, in earnest | examples=talking earnestly with his son; she started studying snakes in earnest
2. sense_key=seriously%4:02:01:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=badly, severely, gravely | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "seriously"
    *   Target surface form: "seriously"
    *   Context: "...I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are <t>seriously</t> committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `seriously%4:02:00::` (in a serious manner; earnestly, in earnest)
        2.  `seriously%4:02:01::` (to a severe or serious degree; badly, severely, gravely)

    *   The sentence is: "they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   "Seriously committed" means they are deeply, earnestly, or strongly committed.
    *   Does it mean "in a severe or serious degree" (like "seriously injured")? No.
    *   Does it mean "earnestly" or "in earnest"? Yes. Being "seriously committed" is synonymous with being "earnestly committed" or "deeply committed."

    *   Sense 1: "in a serious manner", "earnestly", "in earnest". (Fits well with "committed").
    *   Sense 2: "to a severe or serious degree", "badly", "severely", "gravely". (Usually used for negative outcomes like injuries or problems).

    *   "Seriously committed" in this context refers to the intensity and sincerity of their commitment. This aligns with "earnestly" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Earnestly.
    *   Sense 2: Severely.
    *   "Earnestly committed" makes sense. "Severely committed" does not make sense in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: committed
Target surface form: committed
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=committed%3:00:00:: | definition=bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude | examples=committed church members; a committed Marxist
2. sense_key=committed%3:00:04:: | definition=associated in an exclusive sexual relationship | synonyms=attached

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "committed"
    *   Target surface form: "committed"
    *   Context: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously <t>committed</t> to conscientious teaching."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `committed%3:00:00::` (bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude)
        2.  `committed%3:00:04::` (associated in an exclusive sexual relationship)

    *   The sentence says teachers are "seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   "Conscientious teaching" is a cause, action, or attitude.
    *   The context is about professional dedication and ethics in teaching.

    *   Sense 1: Bound or obligated to a cause, action, or attitude. (Fits perfectly: committed to the cause of conscientious teaching).
    *   Sense 2: Exclusive sexual relationship. (Does not fit).

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teaching
Target surface form: teaching
Context:
It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results. It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teaching%1:04:00:: | definition=the profession of a teacher | synonyms=instruction, pedagogy | examples=he prepared for teaching while still in college; pedagogy is recognized as an important profession
2. sense_key=teaching%1:09:00:: | definition=a doctrine that is taught | synonyms=precept, commandment | examples=the teachings of religion; he believed all the Christian precepts
3. sense_key=teaching%1:04:01:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "teaching"
    *   Target surface form: "teaching"
    *   Context: "...I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious <t>teaching</t>."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `teaching%1:04:00::`: the profession of a teacher (synonyms: instruction, pedagogy).
        2.  `teaching%1:09:00::`: a doctrine that is taught (synonyms: precept, commandment).
        3.  `teaching%1:04:01::`: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: education, instruction, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity).

    *   The sentence is: "I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching."
    *   The word "teaching" here refers to the act or practice of educating students.
    *   "Conscientious teaching" describes *how* they perform the activity of instructing.

    *   Sense 1: "the profession of a teacher". While teaching is a profession, "committed to conscientious teaching" usually refers to the act of teaching rather than the status of being in the profession.
    *   Sense 2: "a doctrine that is taught". This doesn't fit at all.
    *   Sense 3: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". This fits perfectly. "Conscientious teaching" refers to the activity of instructing students in a conscientious manner.

    *   Sense 1 (Profession) vs. Sense 3 (Activity).
    *   If the author meant the profession, they might say "committed to the teaching profession."
    *   "Conscientious teaching" strongly implies the practice/activity of teaching.

    *   Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "<t>best</t> and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "best"
    *   Target surface form: "best"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   Phrase: "best and brightest"

    *   Sense 1: `best%3:00:00::` | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution.
    *   Sense 2: `best%5:00:00:advisable:00` | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond.
    *   Senses 3-23: These are various senses of "good" (the positive root of "best").

    *   The phrase "best and brightest" refers to the people with the highest intelligence, ability, or quality within a group.
    *   In this context, "best" is used as a superlative adjective describing people who possess the most positive qualities (intelligence, skill, etc.).
    *   Sense 1 specifically defines "best" as the superlative of "good," meaning "having the most positive qualities."
    *   Sense 2 refers to "best" as in "most advisable" (e.g., "it is best to leave now"), which doesn't fit here.
    *   Senses 3-23 are senses of "good," not "best." While "best" is the superlative of "good," the candidate list provides a specific sense for "best" (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: "having the most positive qualities" -> Fits "best and brightest" perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: brightest
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and <t>brightest</t> "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `bright`
    *   Target surface form: `brightest`
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   The phrase "best and brightest" is a common idiom referring to the most intelligent and talented people.

    *   Sense 1: emitting or reflecting light (physical light).
    *   Sense 2: striking color (colorful).
    *   Sense 3: quickness and ease in learning (intelligent/smart).
    *   Sense 4: having lots of light (room/stage).
    *   Sense 5: polished/shiny (burnished).
    *   Sense 6: splendid (glorious).
    *   Sense 7: not made dim (undimmed).
    *   Sense 8: clear and sharp sound (reverberant).
    *   Sense 9: happiness or gladness (happy).
    *   Sense 10: full of promise (auspicious).

    *   The context refers to teachers and whether they are among the "best and brightest" of their generation.
    *   This clearly refers to intellectual ability or intelligence.
    *   Sense 3 ("characterized by quickness and ease in learning", synonym: "smart") fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generation
Target surface form: generation
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generation%1:14:01:: | definition=all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age | synonyms=coevals, contemporaries
2. sense_key=generation%1:14:00:: | definition=group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent
3. sense_key=generation%1:28:00:: | definition=the normal time between successive generations | examples=they had to wait a generation for that prejudice to fade
4. sense_key=generation%1:28:01:: | definition=a stage of technological development or innovation | examples=the third generation of computers
5. sense_key=generation%1:11:00:: | definition=a coming into being | synonyms=genesis
6. sense_key=generation%1:04:01:: | definition=the production of heat or electricity | examples=dams were built for the generation of electricity
7. sense_key=generation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production | synonyms=multiplication, propagation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "generation"
    *   Target surface form: "generation"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their <t>generation</t> -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   Surrounding context: Discussing schoolteachers, their education, and their capabilities.

    *   Sense 1: "all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age" (synonyms: coevals, contemporaries).
    *   Sense 2: "group of genetically related organisms constituting a single step in the line of descent".
    *   Sense 3: "the normal time between successive generations".
    *   Sense 4: "a stage of technological development or innovation".
    *   Sense 5: "a coming into being" (synonyms: genesis).
    *   Sense 6: "the production of heat or electricity".
    *   Sense 7: "the act of producing offspring or multiplying by such production".

    *   The phrase "best and brightest of their generation" is a common idiom referring to the most talented people of a specific age group or time period.
    *   This aligns perfectly with Sense 1: "all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age".

    *   Sense 1: People of the same age/time. (Fits)
    *   Sense 2: Genetic descent. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 3: Time interval. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 4: Technology. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 5: Genesis. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 6: Electricity. (Doesn't fit)
    *   Sense 7: Procreation. (Doesn't fit)


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "very"
    *   Target surface form: "very"
    *   Context: "...there are <t>very</t> few such people, by definition."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `very%4:02:00::` (intensifier): "used as intensifiers", synonyms: "really", "real", "rattling". Example: "she was very gifted".
        2.  `very%4:02:01::` (precisely so): "precisely so". Example: "on the very next page".

    *   The phrase is "very few such people".
    *   In this context, "very" is modifying "few".
    *   "Few" is a quantifier. "Very" is intensifying the degree of "fewness".
    *   This matches the usage of "very" as an intensifier (Sense 1).

    *   Sense 1: Intensifier (e.g., "very gifted", "very few").
    *   Sense 2: Emphasizing precision or identity (e.g., "the very next page", "the very man").

    *   "Very few" means "extremely few". This is an intensification.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
It also provides teachers with a superior self-definition as a "profession, "since they will have passed courses in educational psychology and educational philosophy. I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "people"
    *   Target surface form: "people"
    *   Context: "They may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such <t>people</t>, by definition."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively.
        2.  The body of citizens of a state or country (citizenry).
        3.  Members of a family line.
        4.  The common people generally (multitude, masses).

    *   The sentence is: "They [teachers] may not be among the 'best and brightest' of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition."
    *   "Such people" refers back to the "best and brightest" of a generation.
    *   "Best and brightest" refers to individuals who possess high intelligence or ability.
    *   The word "people" here is used to refer to human beings who fit a certain description (the "best and brightest").

    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively". This is the general plural of "person".
    *   Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country". Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "members of a family line". Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 4: "the common people generally". Not applicable here; in fact, "best and brightest" is often contrasted with "the common people".

    *   The phrase "very few such people" refers to individuals. Sense 1 is the general term for human beings.

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting as it's the general plural for human beings.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: job
Target surface form: jobs
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line | examples=he's not in my line of business
2. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: | definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore | examples=estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars; the job of repairing the engine took several hours
3. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job
4. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: | definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working | examples=he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right
5. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: | definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth
6. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: | definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job
7. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: | definition=a damaging piece of work | examples=dry rot did the job of destroying the barn; the barber did a real job on my hair
8. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
9. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: | definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
10. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: | definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing
11. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
12. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: | definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply | synonyms=Book of Job
13. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: | definition=a crime (especially a robbery) | synonyms=caper | examples=the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `job`
    *   Target surface form: `jobs`
    *   Context: "But they need not be to do their <t>jobs</t> well." (Referring to schoolteachers).
    *   Surrounding context: The author is talking about schoolteachers, their commitment to conscientious teaching, and whether they need to be the "best and brightest" to perform their roles effectively.

    *   1: `job%1:04:00` - principal activity to earn money (occupation, business).
    *   2: `job%1:04:01` - specific piece of work (task, chore).
    *   3: `job%1:06:00` - workplace (on the job).
    *   4: `job%1:06:01` - object worked on.
    *   5: `job%1:04:04` - responsibility to do something.
    *   6: `job%1:04:05` - performance of a piece of work.
    *   7: `job%1:04:03` - damaging piece of work.
    *   8: `job%1:26:00` - state of difficulty (problem).
    *   9: `job%1:18:00` - Jewish hero (Biblical).
    *   10: `job%1:18:01` - long-suffering person.
    *   11: `job%1:10:01` - computer science program.
    *   12: `job%1:10:00` - Book of Job.
    *   13: `job%1:04:02` - crime (robbery).

    *   The sentence is "But they [schoolteachers] need not be [the best and brightest] to do their jobs well."
    *   "Their jobs" refers to the profession or the role of being a teacher.
    *   Sense 1 (occupation/line of work) fits well.
    *   Sense 2 (specific task) is too narrow.
    *   Sense 5 (responsibility) is close, but "do their jobs well" usually refers to the overall occupation/role.
    *   Sense 6 (performance) refers to the *result* of the work (e.g., "she did an outstanding job"), but here "do their jobs" refers to the activity of working in their profession.

    *   Sense 1: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money" (occupation).
    *   Sense 5: "the responsibility to do something".
    *   In the phrase "do one's job well," it typically refers to the duties associated with one's occupation. While Sense 5 is about responsibility, Sense 1 is the standard meaning for a professional role like teaching.

    *   "do their jobs well" -> perform their professional duties.
    *   Sense 1 (occupation) is the most encompassing and accurate description of a teacher's "job" in this context.

    *   Sense 1: occupation, business, line of work.
    *   Sense 2: task, chore.
    *   Sense 5: responsibility.
    *   Sense 6: performance.
    *   Comparing "do their jobs well" (Sense 1) vs "do their jobs well" (Sense 5). Usually, "do a job" (Sense 6) refers to a specific instance, but "do one's job" (Sense 1) refers to the occupation.

    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money".
    *   Let's look at Sense 5: "the responsibility to do something".
    *   Example for Sense 5: "it is their job to print the truth".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "he's not in my line of business".
    *   In "do their jobs well", "jobs" refers to their professional roles/occupations.

    *   Sense 1: occupation.
    *   Sense 2: task.
    *   Sense 5: responsibility.
    *   Sense 6: performance.
    *   If I say "He is doing his job," I usually mean he is fulfilling the duties of his occupation (Sense 1). If I say "He did a great job," I mean the performance (Sense 6).
    *   The phrase "do their jobs well" refers to the ongoing activity of their profession.

    *   Sense 1: occupation.
    *   Sense 2: task.
    *   Sense 5: responsibility.
    *   Sense 6: performance.
    *   Looking at the context "schoolteachers... do their jobs well", it refers to the profession of teaching. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "well"
    *   Target surface form: "well"
    *   Context: "But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>."
    *   Meaning: The sentence is discussing schoolteachers and whether they need to be the "best and brightest" to perform their professional duties effectively or satisfactorily.

    *   Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard" (Example: "the children behaved well; a task well done")
    *   Sense 2: "thoroughly or completely; fully" (Example: "The problem is well understood")
    *   Sense 3: "indicating high probability" (Example: "I might well do it")
    *   Sense 4: "entirely or fully" (Example: "a book well worth reading")
    *   Sense 5: "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree" (Example: "the project was well underway")
    *   Sense 6: "favorably; with approval" (Example: "their neighbors spoke well of them")
    *   Sense 7: "to a great extent or degree" (Example: "well over budget")
    *   Sense 8: "with great or especially intimate knowledge" (Example: "we knew them well")
    *   Sense 9: "with prudence or propriety" (Example: "You would do well to say nothing more")
    *   Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner" (Example: "she dances well; he writes well")
    *   Sense 11: "in a manner affording benefit or advantage" (Example: "she married well")
    *   Sense 12: "in financial comfort" (Example: "They live well")
    *   Sense 13: "without unusual distress or resentment" (Example: "took the joke well")

    *   The phrase is "do their jobs well".
    *   This means performing their duties in a satisfactory, proper, or skilled manner.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 10:
        *   Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard"
        *   Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner"
    *   "Doing a job well" usually aligns with performing it satisfactorily or to a high standard (Sense 1) or with skill (Sense 10).
    *   Looking at the examples:
        *   Sense 1: "a task well done" (Very close to "do their jobs well")
        *   Sense 10: "she dances well; he writes well" (These are specific skills/arts).
    *   In the context of "doing a job", Sense 1 ("satisfactory manner or to a high standard") is the most general and fitting description for professional performance.

    *   Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard" -> "do their jobs in a satisfactory manner". This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remember
Target surface form: remember
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `remember`
    *   Context: "Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Meaning: The speaker is talking about the ability to recall specific people (inspiring teachers) from the past (school days).

    *   Sense 1: `recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection` (Synonyms: retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think). Example: "I can't remember saying any such thing."
    *   Sense 2: `keep in mind for attention or consideration` (Synonyms: think of). Example: "Remember the Alamo."
    *   Sense 3: `recapture the past; indulge in memories` (Synonyms: think back). Example: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers."
    *   Sense 4: `show appreciation to` (Example: "He remembered her in his will").
    *   Sense 5: `mention favorably, as in prayer`.
    *   Sense 6: `mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship`.
    *   Sense 7: `exercise, or have the power of, memory`.
    *   Sense 8: `call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony` (Synonyms: commemorate).

    *   The sentence "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days" refers to the act of recalling specific individuals from memory.
    *   Sense 1 is about recalling knowledge or a recollection.
    *   Sense 3 is about recapturing the past or indulging in memories.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection".
        *   Sense 3: "recapture the past; indulge in memories".
    *   In the context "remember one or two truly inspiring teachers", the focus is on the *fact* of recalling them (having a recollection of them), rather than the *process* of indulging in nostalgia or recapturing the feeling of the past.
    *   Example for Sense 1: "I can't remember saying any such thing." (Recalling a fact/event).
    *   Example for Sense 3: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers." (Recapturing a past experience/habit).
    *   "Remembering a teacher" is more akin to "having a recollection" of them.

    *   Sense 1: recall knowledge/recollection.
    *   Sense 3: recapture the past/indulge in memories.
    *   The sentence "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" is a statement about the ability to recall specific people. This fits Sense 1 ("have a recollection") better than Sense 3 ("indulge in memories").

    *   Sense 1: recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection.
    *   Sense 3: recapture the past; indulge in memories.
    *   If I say "I remember my first grade teacher," I am recalling a person. This is a recollection.
    *   If I say "I remember the smell of the rain in my childhood," I am recapturing the past.
    *   The context "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" is about the ability to recall specific people.

    *   Sense 1: recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection.
    *   Sense 3: recapture the past; indulge in memories.
    *   Wait, let's look at the examples again.
    *   Sense 1: "I can't remember saying any such thing."
    *   Sense 3: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers."
    *   "Remembering a teacher" is very similar to "remembering how he used to pick flowers" in that it's about the past. However, "remembering a teacher" is more about the identity/existence of the person (recollection) than the act of reminiscing (recapturing the past).
    *   Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage, Sense 1 is the general "recall" sense. Sense 3 is more specific to nostalgia/reminiscing.
    *   "We all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" is a general statement about recall.

    *   Sense 1: recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection.
    *   Sense 3: recapture the past; indulge in memories.
    *   The sentence is "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   This is a simple act of recall. Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truly
Target surface form: truly
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target word: "truly"
    *   Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Usage: "truly inspiring"

    *   Sense 1: "in accordance with truth or fact or reality" (synonyms: genuinely, really). Example: "she was now truly American".
    *   Sense 2: "by right" (synonyms: rightfully). Example: "baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime".
    *   Sense 3: "with sincerity; without pretense" (synonyms: sincerely, unfeignedly). Example: "she praised him sincerely".
    *   Sense 4: "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)" (synonyms: in truth, really). Example: "really, you shouldn't have done it".

    *   The phrase is "truly inspiring teachers".
    *   Here, "truly" modifies the adjective "inspiring".
    *   It means the teachers were *genuinely* or *really* inspiring.
    *   Comparing with the senses:
        *   Sense 1 (genuinely, really) fits well. "Genuinely inspiring teachers."
        *   Sense 2 (rightfully) does not fit.
        *   Sense 3 (sincerely) usually refers to the *manner* of speaking or feeling (e.g., "truly sorry"), not the quality of being inspiring.
        *   Sense 4 (in fact/intensifier) is often used as a sentence modifier ("Really, you shouldn't have done it"). While "truly" can be an intensifier, Sense 1 specifically covers "genuinely" or "really" in the sense of factual reality/truth of the quality.

    *   Sense 1: "in accordance with truth or fact or reality" (genuinely, really).
    *   Sense 4: "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)".
    *   In "truly inspiring", "truly" is an adverb of degree/manner meaning "to a great degree" or "genuinely".
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "she was now truly American". This is a state of being. "Truly inspiring" is a quality.
    *   Looking at the examples for Sense 4: "in truth, moral decay...", "really, you shouldn't have done it". These are sentence modifiers.
    *   "Truly inspiring" is not a sentence modifier; it's modifying the adjective "inspiring".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.

    *   Sense 1: genuinely, really. "Genuinely inspiring teachers." (Correct)
    *   Sense 3: sincerely. "Sincerely inspiring teachers" doesn't make as much sense as "genuinely inspiring".

    *   Sense 1: truly%4:02:00::
    *   Sense 2: truly%4:02:01::
    *   Sense 3: truly%4:02:03::
    *   Sense 4: truly%4:02:04::
    *   The index for Sense 1 is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `teacher`
    *   Target surface form: `teachers`
    *   Context: "They could all fairly be described as 'pap' courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching... Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `teacher%1:18:00::`: a person whose occupation is teaching (synonym: instructor).
        2.  `teacher%1:09:00::`: a personified abstraction that teaches (examples: books, experience).

    *   The text mentions "dump on teachers", "schoolteachers", "committed to conscientious teaching", and "inspiring teachers from our school days".
    *   These all refer to human beings employed in the profession of teaching.

    *   Sense 1: "a person whose occupation is teaching" - Fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2: "a personified abstraction that teaches" - Does not fit (the context is about people, not books or experience).

    *   The best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `education`
    *   Target surface form: `education`
    *   Context: "But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."
    *   Surrounding context: The text discusses teachers, the educational establishment, teaching, and the experience of being taught in school.

    *   Sense 1 (`education%1:04:00`): The activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. (Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy).
    *   Sense 2 (`education%1:09:00`): Knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. (The *result* of the process).
    *   Sense 3 (`education%1:09:01`): The gradual process of acquiring knowledge. (The *experience* or *journey* of learning).
    *   Sense 4 (`education%1:04:01`): The profession of teaching.
    *   Sense 5 (`education%1:07:01`): The result of good upbringing (social behavior).
    *   Sense 6 (`education%1:14:00`): The US federal department.

    *   "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others..."
    *   The phrase "proceeded at the hands of" suggests a process or a series of activities taking place over time.
    *   It refers to the schooling/instruction the speaker received.
    *   Is it the *activities* of instructing (Sense 1) or the *process* of acquiring knowledge (Sense 3)?
    *   Sense 1 focuses on the *act* of teaching (the instructor's side).
    *   Sense 3 focuses on the *process* of learning (the student's side).
    *   "Our education proceeded" implies the experience of the students.
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again: "the activities of educating or instructing".
    *   Let's look at Sense 3 again: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
    *   In the sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others", "education" refers to the schooling/instruction they underwent.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 3:
        *   Sense 1: "he received no formal education" (often used for the system or the act).
        *   Sense 3: "education is a preparation for life" (the process).
    *   Actually, "our education proceeded" sounds very much like the process of being educated.
    *   Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing". If the education "proceeded at the hands of" teachers, it refers to the instruction they received.
    *   Let's check Sense 1's synonyms: "instruction, teaching". "Our instruction proceeded at the hands of those others." This fits well.
    *   Let's check Sense 3's definition: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge". "Our gradual process of acquiring knowledge proceeded at the hands of those others." This also fits.
    *   However, "proceeded at the hands of" strongly links the "education" to the *actions* of the teachers.
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed".
    *   Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's".
    *   In the context "our education proceeded at the hands of those others", it refers to the schooling/instruction they received. This aligns closely with Sense 1 (the activities of instructing).

    *   Sense 1: Activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Sense 3: Process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   The phrase "at the hands of" emphasizes the agency of the teachers. The "education" here is the thing being delivered by the teachers. The delivery of education is the "activity of instructing".
    *   If I say "My education was handled by X", I usually mean the instruction I received.
    *   Let's re-evaluate Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing".
    *   Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" -> The process of our being educated was carried out by those others.
    *   Looking at WordNet's typical usage:
        *   "Formal education" (Sense 1)
        *   "A good education" (can be Sense 2 or 3)
    *   In this specific sentence, "education" is the object of the teachers' actions.
    *   If we substitute "instruction" (synonym for Sense 1): "Our instruction proceeded at the hands of those others." (Fits perfectly).
    *   If we substitute "process of acquiring knowledge" (Sense 3): "Our process of acquiring knowledge proceeded at the hands of those others." (A bit clunky).

    *   Sense 1: activities of educating/instructing.
    *   Sense 3: process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   The context is about the quality of teachers and how they performed their jobs. The "education" that "proceeded" is the instruction provided by them.

    *   Sense 1: instruction, teaching.
    *   Sense 3: process of acquiring knowledge.
    *   "Our education proceeded at the hands of those others" = "Our instruction was carried out by those others."
    *   This points strongly to Sense 1.