[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explain
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to <t>explain</t> several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to <t>explain</t> several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `make plain and comprehensible` (explicate) - e.g., explaining laws of physics.
        2.  `define` - e.g., explaining a plan.
        3.  `serve as a reason or cause or justification of` (excuse) - e.g., divorce explaining reluctance to date.

    *   The sentence says "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things."
    *   The "things" being explained are phenomena (like why ticket splitting has increased).
    *   In this context, "explain" means the theory provides a reason or a causal account for why these phenomena occur.

    *   Sense 1 (make plain/comprehensible) is about clarifying a concept to someone.
    *   Sense 2 (define) is about detailing a plan or definition.
    *   Sense 3 (serve as a reason or cause) is about providing the cause or reason for a phenomenon.

    *   The theory "serves as a reason or cause" for the observed patterns in ticket splitting. This matches Sense 3 perfectly.

    *   Sense 1: "He explained the laws of physics" (Teaching/Clarifying).
    *   Sense 2: "The committee explained their plan" (Defining/Detailing).
    *   Sense 3: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again" (Providing a reason for a behavior/phenomenon).
    *   The context "this theory... appears to explain several things [like why ticket splitting has increased]" is exactly like the "divorce may explain her reluctance" example. Both are about causal explanation.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: several
Target surface form: several
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain <t>several</t> things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=several%5:00:00:some:00 | definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail; several people were injured in the accident
2. sense_key=several%5:00:00:individual:00 | definition=considered individually | synonyms=respective, various | examples=the respective club members; specialists in their several fields
3. sense_key=several%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

finish_reason: stop

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "several"
    *   Target surface form: "several"
    *   Context: "...While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain <t>several</t> things. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `several%5:00:00:some:00`: (used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many.
        2.  `several%5:00:00:individual:00`: considered individually (synonyms: respective, various).
        3.  `several%5:00:00:different:00`: distinct and individual.

    *   The sentence is: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things."
    *   "Several things" here refers to a small, indefinite number of items (points, reasons, or phenomena) that the theory explains.
    *   The text then proceeds to list the first one: "First, why ticket splitting has increased..."

    *   Sense 1: "of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many". This fits perfectly. "Several things" means a few things.
    *   Sense 2: "considered individually" (respective, various). This is usually used as an adjective modifying a plural noun to emphasize individuality (e.g., "their several reasons"). While "several things" could *technically* mean various things, the primary meaning in "explain several things" is the quantity (more than a few).
    *   Sense 3: "distinct and individual". This is a more archaic or specific use (e.g., "three several times"). It doesn't fit the common usage in "explain several things."

    *   The word "several" in "explain several things" is used as a quantifier.
    *   Sense 1 is the standard quantifier meaning "more than two or three".

currency: USD

source: unavailable


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: things
Context:
If they put a Republican into office, not only will they acquire less in terms of local benefits but their selected legislator will be relatively powerless to prevent other legislators from "bringing home the bacon "to their respective constituencies. Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several <t>things</t>. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
2. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
3. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
5. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair
7. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
8. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
10. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
11. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `thing`
    *   Target surface form: `things`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several <t>things</t>. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   The word "things" refers to the phenomena or points that the theory explains (specifically, the reason for ticket splitting and potentially other related political behaviors).

    *   1: a special situation ("this thing has got to end")
    *   2: an action ("how could you do such a thing?")
    *   3: a special abstraction ("a thing of the spirit")
    *   4: an artifact ("how does this thing work?")
    *   5: an event ("a funny thing happened")
    *   6: a vaguely specified concern (synonyms: matter, affair) ("several matters to attend to")
    *   7: a statement regarded as an object ("to say the same thing")
    *   8: an entity that is not named specifically ("I couldn't tell what the thing was")
    *   9: any attribute or quality ("the thing I like about her is...")
    *   10: a special objective ("the thing is to stay in bounds")
    *   11: a persistent illogical feeling ("he has a thing about seafood")
    *   12: a separate and self-contained entity

    *   The sentence says the theory "explains several things."
    *   The "things" being explained are facts, phenomena, or matters (e.g., "why ticket splitting has increased").
    *   Sense 6 ("a vaguely specified concern", synonyms: "matter", "affair") fits well because "explain several matters" or "explain several affairs" (though "affairs" is less common here) makes sense.
    *   Sense 12 ("a separate and self-contained entity") is too generic.
    *   Sense 8 ("an entity that is not named specifically") is also generic but usually refers to a physical object or a specific unknown.
    *   Sense 1 ("a special situation") could work, but "matters" (Sense 6) is a better fit for things a theory explains.

    *   "explain several things" -> "explain several matters" (Sense 6).
    *   In academic or theoretical writing, "things" often acts as a placeholder for "phenomena," "points," or "matters."
    *   Sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair".

    *   Sense 1: "a special situation" - Not quite.
    *   Sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter) - Fits well.
    *   Sense 12: "a separate and self-contained entity" - Too broad.

    Wait, let's look at Sense 6 again: "a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair".
    Example: "several matters to attend to".
    In "explain several things", the "things" are the matters/points being explained.

    Let's check if any other sense fits better.
    Sense 8: "an entity that is not named specifically".
    Sense 12: "a separate and self-contained entity".

    Comparing Sense 6 and Sense 12:
    "Explain several things" usually means "explain several points/matters/phenomena".
    Sense 6's synonym "matter" is very close to "point" or "issue" in this context.

    Let's re-read the context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased..."
    The "things" are the specific observations or puzzles the theory addresses. "Matters" (Sense 6) fits this usage.

    Sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair"
    Sense 12: "a separate and self-contained entity"

    If I say "There are several things we need to discuss," I mean "There are several matters we need to discuss." This matches Sense 6.
    If I say "The theory explains several things," I mean "The theory explains several matters/phenomena." This also matches Sense 6.

    Sense 6 seems the most precise among the options provided.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has <t>increased</t> and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `increase`
    *   Target surface form: `increased`
    *   Context: "...First, why ticket splitting has <t>increased</t> and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `increase%2:30:00::` (intransitive): become bigger or greater in amount.
        2.  `increase%2:30:02::` (transitive): make bigger or more.

    *   The sentence is: "...why ticket splitting has increased..."
    *   "Ticket splitting" is the subject.
    *   "has increased" is the verb phrase.
    *   There is no direct object following "increased".
    *   The meaning is that the occurrence or frequency of ticket splitting has become greater.

    *   Sense 1: "become bigger or greater in amount" (Intransitive). This fits perfectly. Ticket splitting (the phenomenon) has become more common/greater in amount.
    *   Sense 2: "make bigger or more" (Transitive). This requires an object (e.g., "The government increased taxes"). There is no object here.

    *   The usage is intransitive.
    *   Sense 1 is the intransitive sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and <t>taken</t> the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 5}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `take`
    *   Target surface form: `taken`
    *   Context: "...First, why ticket splitting has increased and <t>taken</t> the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century..."

    *   The phrase is "taken the peculiar pattern that it has".
    *   "Ticket splitting" (the subject) has "taken a peculiar pattern".
    *   This means ticket splitting has *assumed* or *acquired* a specific form or characteristic.

    *   Sense 1: carry out (take action) - No.
    *   Sense 2: require (time or space) - No.
    *   Sense 3: take somebody somewhere - No.
    *   Sense 4: get into one's hands - No.
    *   Sense 5: take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect (synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on; example: "His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn") - This fits perfectly. "Taken the peculiar pattern" is very similar to "took a new turn" or "took on a sad tone".
    *   Sense 6: interpret something - No.
    *   Sense 7: take something with oneself - No.
    *   Sense 8: take into one's possession - No.
    *   Sense 9: travel by means of transportation - No.
    *   Sense 10: pick out, select - No.
    *   Sense 11: receive willingly - No.
    *   Sense 12: assume positions or roles - No.
    *   Sense 13: take into consideration - No.
    *   Sense 14: require as useful/proper - No.
    *   Sense 15: experience or feel - No.
    *   Sense 16: make a film - No.
    *   Sense 17: remove something - No.
    *   Sense 18: consume regularly - No.
    *   Sense 19: accept or undergo unwillingly - No.
    *   Sense 20: make use of or accept - No.
    *   Sense 21: take by force - No.
    *   Sense 22: occupy or take on (synonyms: assume, strike, take up; example: "He assumes the lotus position") - This is close, but Sense 5 ("take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect") is a better fit for "pattern".
    *   Sense 23: admit into a group - No.
    *   Sense 24: ascertain by measuring - No.
    *   Sense 25: be a student of - No.
    *   Sense 26: take as an undesirable consequence - No.
    *   Sense 27: head into a specified direction - No.
    *   Sense 28: point or cause to go towards - No.
    *   Sense 29: be seized or affected - No.
    *   Sense 30: have with oneself - No.
    *   Sense 31: engage for service - No.
    *   Sense 32: receive or obtain regularly - No.
    *   Sense 33: buy, select - No.
    *   Sense 34: get into a position of having - No.
    *   Sense 35: have sex with - No.
    *   Sense 36: lay claim to - No.
    *   Sense 37: be designed to hold - No.
    *   Sense 38: be capable of holding - No.
    *   Sense 39: develop a habit - No.
    *   Sense 40: proceed along in a vehicle - No.
    *   Sense 41: obtain by winning - No.
    *   Sense 42: be stricken by an illness - No.

    *   Sense 5: "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect" (synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on).
    *   Context: "taken the peculiar pattern that it has".
    *   A "pattern" is a form or aspect. "Taken the pattern" = "Assumed the pattern".

    *   Sense 22: "occupy or take on" (synonyms: assume, strike, take up). Example: "He assumes the lotus position". This is more about physical posture or occupying a space/position.
    *   Sense 5 is specifically about form, attribute, or aspect, which fits "pattern" much better.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the <t>past</t> half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%3:00:00:: | definition=earlier than the present time; no longer current | examples=time past; his youth is past
2. sense_key=past%5:00:00:outgoing:00 | definition=of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office | synonyms=preceding, retiring | examples=a retiring member of the board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `past`
    *   Target surface form: `past`
    *   Context: "...why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the <t>past</t> half century..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `past%3:00:00::`: earlier than the present time; no longer current.
        2.  `past%5:00:00:outgoing:00`: of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office.

    *   The phrase is "the past half century".
    *   "Half century" refers to a period of time (50 years).
    *   "Past" here modifies "half century", meaning the 50 years preceding the present moment.

    *   Sense 1: "earlier than the present time; no longer current". This fits perfectly with a time period preceding the present.
    *   Sense 2: "of a person who has held and relinquished a position or office". This refers to people (e.g., a past president), not a duration of time.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: election
Target surface form: election
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the <t>election</t> of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=election%1:04:01:: | definition=a vote to select the winner of a position or political office | examples=the results of the election will be announced tonight
2. sense_key=election%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice | examples=her election of medicine as a profession
3. sense_key=election%1:26:00:: | definition=the status or fact of being elected | examples=they celebrated his election
4. sense_key=election%1:09:00:: | definition=the predestination of some individuals as objects of divine mercy (especially as conceived by Calvinists)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "election"
    *   Target surface form: "election"
    *   Context: "...Prior to the <t>election</t> of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `election%1:04:01`: a vote to select the winner of a position or political office (the event/process).
        2.  `election%1:04:00`: the act of selecting someone or something; the exercise of deliberate choice (general selection).
        3.  `election%1:26:00`: the status or fact of being elected (the result/state).
        4.  `election%1:09:00`: predestination (theological).

    *   The phrase is "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president".
    *   This refers to the specific event or the fact that he was elected.
    *   Let's compare sense 1 and sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: "a vote to select the winner" (the event/process).
        *   Sense 3: "the status or fact of being elected" (the outcome/event of being chosen).
    *   In "Prior to the election of [Person] as [Office]", it usually refers to the event of the election (the vote) or the moment he was elected.
    *   Example for sense 1: "the results of the election will be announced tonight".
    *   Example for sense 3: "they celebrated his election".
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" most naturally refers to the time before the event of the election took place or before he was elected.
    *   Looking at the context: "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role..."
    *   This is referring to the historical turning point. The "election of Franklin Roosevelt" is the event that marked the start of a new era.
    *   Sense 1 (the vote/process) fits well.
    *   Sense 3 (the status/fact of being elected) also fits, but usually, "the election of X" in a historical timeline refers to the event (the election cycle/vote).
    *   Let's re-evaluate. "The election of Franklin Roosevelt" -> Was it the *process* of voting or the *fact* that he was elected?
    *   Usually, "the election of [Name]" refers to the event (Sense 1).
    *   Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again: "the status or fact of being elected". "They celebrated his election."
    *   If I say "Prior to the election of 1932", that's Sense 1.
    *   If I say "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt", it's very similar.
    *   Let's check if "election" here means the *act* of electing him (Sense 1) or the *fact* that he became president (Sense 3).
    *   Actually, Sense 1 is "a vote to select...". Sense 3 is "the status or fact of being elected".
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" = Prior to the time he was elected.
    *   Comparing "the election of [Person]" to "the election [Event]":
        *   "The election of 1932" (Sense 1)
        *   "The election of FDR" (Sense 1 or 3?)
    *   If we look at the phrase "the election of [Person] as [Office]", it often refers to the event/process of electing them.
    *   Let's look at the examples again.
        *   Sense 1: "the results of the election will be announced tonight" (The event).
        *   Sense 3: "they celebrated his election" (The fact/result).
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" is more about the point in time. The point in time is marked by the event (the election).
    *   However, "the election of X" can be seen as the act of electing X.
    *   Let's look at Sense 2: "the act of selecting someone or something". This is more general.
    *   Sense 1 is specifically for political office.
    *   Is it the *vote* (Sense 1) or the *fact* (Sense 3)?
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" -> Before he was elected.
    *   If I say "Prior to the appointment of X", I mean before X was appointed.
    *   In many linguistic datasets (like SemCor), "the election of [Person]" is often mapped to the event of the election.
    *   Let's double-check Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
        *   Sense 1: a vote to select the winner...
        *   Sense 3: the status or fact of being elected.
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" -> Prior to the event where he was voted in.
    *   If it were Sense 3, it would be "Prior to Franklin Roosevelt's election". (Though "the election of Franklin Roosevelt" can also mean that).
    *   Actually, "the election of Franklin Roosevelt" is the event. The event is the vote.
    *   Let's try to see if Sense 1 is a better fit than Sense 3.
    *   Sense 1: "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office".
    *   Sense 3: "the status or fact of being elected".
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" = Prior to the vote that put him in office.
    *   This seems to fit Sense 1 best.

    *   Sense 1: Political vote (Event).
    *   Sense 2: General choice (Act).
    *   Sense 3: Fact of being elected (State/Result).
    *   Sense 4: Predestination (Theology).
    *   Context: "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president..."
    *   This is clearly political (eliminates 2 and 4).
    *   Is it the event (1) or the result (3)?
    *   "Prior to the election of [Person]" usually refers to the event/process of the election.
    *   Example: "The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 led to the Civil War." (The event of the election).
    *   Example: "His election to the board was a surprise." (The fact that he was elected).
    *   In the context of a historical timeline ("Prior to the election... and the advent of the New Deal"), it refers to the event that triggered the change.

    *   Sense 1: "a vote to select the winner of a position or political office"
    *   Sense 3: "the status or fact of being elected"
    *   "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt" -> Before the vote took place/concluded.
    *   This is the event.

    *   Wait, let me think again. "The election of Franklin Roosevelt" could be the *act* of electing him.
    *   Is "the act of electing" Sense 1 or Sense 3?
    *   Sense 1 is "a vote to select".
    *   Sense 3 is "the status or fact of being elected".
    *   If I say "the election of the president", I usually mean the process/event.
    *   If I say "his election was contested", I might mean the fact that he was elected (Sense 3) or the process (Sense 1).
    *   In "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt", it's a temporal marker. "Prior to [Event]". The event is the election.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as <t>president</t> and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `president`
    *   Target surface form: `president`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as <t>president</t> and the advent of the New Deal..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  Executive officer of a firm/corporation.
        2.  The person who holds the office of head of state of the US government.
        3.  The chief executive of a republic.
        4.  Officer who presides at meetings of an organization.
        5.  Head administrative officer of a college/university.
        6.  The office of the US head of state.

    *   The sentence mentions "Franklin Roosevelt", "election", and "the New Deal".
    *   Franklin Roosevelt was the President of the United States.
    *   The phrase "election of Franklin Roosevelt as president" refers to the person (Franklin Roosevelt) assuming the role/office.

    *   Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government"
    *   Sense 3: "the chief executive of a republic" (More general)
    *   Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state" (Refers to the office itself, not the person)

    *   The context says "election of Franklin Roosevelt as president". This describes Roosevelt (a person) becoming the president.
    *   Sense 2 specifically refers to the person who holds the office of head of state of the US government.
    *   Sense 3 is a general definition of a president of a republic.
    *   Sense 6 refers to the office, not the person.

    *   Franklin Roosevelt was specifically the US President. Sense 2 is the most precise fit for a US President.

    *   Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government"
    *   Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state"
    *   "Election of [Person] as [Role]" usually refers to the person filling the role.

    *   Sense 2 is the most specific and accurate description of Franklin Roosevelt's role in this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advent
Target surface form: advent
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the <t>advent</t> of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advent%1:04:00:: | definition=arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous) | synonyms=coming | examples=the advent of the computer
2. sense_key=advent%1:28:01:: | definition=the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas
3. sense_key=advent%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment | synonyms=Second Coming, Second Coming of Christ, Second Advent, Parousia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `advent`
    *   Target surface form: `advent`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the <t>advent</t> of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `advent%1:04:00::` arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous)
        2.  `advent%1:28:01::` the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas
        3.  `advent%1:11:00::` (Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus as judge for the Last Judgment

    *   The sentence refers to the "advent of the New Deal."
    *   The "New Deal" was a series of programs and reforms enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt.
    *   In this context, "advent" refers to the arrival or beginning of this momentous political/economic era.

    *   Sense 1: "arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous)" - This fits perfectly. The New Deal was a momentous event/period.
    *   Sense 2: "the season including the four Sundays preceding Christmas" - This is a religious/calendar meaning and does not fit.
    *   Sense 3: "(Christian theology) the reappearance of Jesus..." - This is a theological meaning and does not fit.

    *   The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, <t>government</t> occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `government`
    *   Target surface form: `government`
    *   Context: "...Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, <t>government</t> occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `government%1:14:00::`: the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit (authorities, regime).
        2.  `government%1:04:00::`: the act of governing; exercising authority (governing, governance, administration).
        3.  `government%1:09:00::`: the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed.
        4.  `government%1:09:01::`: the study of government of states and other political units (politics, political science).

    *   The sentence says "government occupied a much smaller role in society".
    *   This refers to the extent of the state's involvement, its size, its power, and its activities.
    *   Is it the *organization* (sense 1), the *act of governing* (sense 2), the *system/form* (sense 3), or the *study* (sense 4)?

    *   Sense 4 (study) is clearly wrong.
    *   Sense 3 (system/form) usually refers to things like "democracy", "monarchy", or "tyrannical government". The context isn't about the *form* of government changing, but the *role* it played.
    *   Sense 2 (act of governing/governance) refers to the process or activity. "The act of governing occupied a smaller role" is possible, but usually, "government" in this context refers to the entity/institution.
    *   Sense 1 (the organization/governing authority) refers to the state/government as an entity. "The government [the organization/authority] occupied a much smaller role in society." This is the most common way to describe the size and scope of the state's influence.

    *   "Government occupied a much smaller role in society" $\approx$ "The state/the governing authority had less influence/intervention in society."
    *   This aligns best with sense 1 (the organization that is the governing authority).

    *   Sense 1: organization/authority.
    *   Sense 2: act/governance.
    *   Sense 3: system/form.
    *   Sense 4: study.
    *   In the context of the New Deal and the role of government in society, it refers to the institution/organization of the state.

    *   Wait, let me double-check Sense 2. "the act of governing; exercising authority". "Government activity" is a synonym. "Government activity occupied a much smaller role in society."
    *   Let's look at Sense 1 again. "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit". "The organization occupied a much smaller role in society."
    *   Usually, when people talk about "big government" or "small government" (which is the theme here: "occupied a much smaller role"), they are referring to the scope of the governing authority's power and organization.
    *   Comparing Sense 1 and Sense 2: Sense 1 is the entity; Sense 2 is the activity. "The government" (the entity) is what typically "occupies a role" in society.

    *   Sense 1: "the government reduced taxes" (Example).
    *   Sense 2: "regulations for the governing of state prisons" (Example).
    *   The context "government occupied a much smaller role in society" is very similar to "the government reduced taxes" in that it treats government as the actor/entity.

    *   Sense 1 is the most fitting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occupy
Target surface form: occupied
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government <t>occupied</t> a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occupy%2:41:00:: | definition=keep busy with | synonyms=busy | examples=She busies herself with her butterfly collection
2. sense_key=occupy%2:42:00:: | definition=live (in a certain place) | synonyms=reside, lodge in | examples=She resides in Princeton; he occupies two rooms on the top floor
3. sense_key=occupy%2:42:01:: | definition=occupy the whole of | synonyms=fill | examples=The liquid fills the container
4. sense_key=occupy%2:42:04:: | definition=be on the mind of | synonyms=concern, interest, worry | examples=I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift
5. sense_key=occupy%2:33:00:: | definition=march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation | synonyms=invade | examples=Hitler invaded Poland on September 1, 1939
6. sense_key=occupy%2:40:08:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=take, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
7. sense_key=occupy%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, engage | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
8. sense_key=occupy%2:41:04:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, take | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 8}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `occupy`
    *   Target surface form: `occupied`
    *   Context: "...government <t>occupied</t> a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `keep busy with` (busy)
        2.  `live (in a certain place)` (reside, lodge in)
        3.  `occupy the whole of` (fill)
        4.  `be on the mind of` (concern, interest, worry)
        5.  `march aggressively into another's territory...` (invade)
        6.  `require (time or space)` (take, use up)
        7.  `consume all of one's attention or time` (absorb, engross, engage)
        8.  `assume, as of positions or roles` (fill, take)

    *   The phrase is "government occupied a much smaller role in society".
    *   Here, "occupied" means the government held or filled a specific role/position in society.

    *   Sense 1: `keep busy with` - No.
    *   Sense 2: `live (in a certain place)` - No.
    *   Sense 3: `occupy the whole of` (fill) - This is about filling a container or space.
    *   Sense 4: `be on the mind of` - No.
    *   Sense 5: `march aggressively...` - No.
    *   Sense 6: `require (time or space)` - No.
    *   Sense 7: `consume all of one's attention or time` - No.
    *   Sense 8: `assume, as of positions or roles` (fill, take) - This fits perfectly. "Government occupied a much smaller role" means the government filled or held a smaller role.

    *   Sense 8: `assume, as of positions or roles` | synonyms: `fill, take` | example: `he occupies the position of manager`.
    *   Comparing "occupies the position of manager" to "occupied a much smaller role in society", the usage is identical (holding a role/position).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller <t>role</t> in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: "role"
    *   Target surface form: "role"
    *   Context: "...government occupied a much smaller <t>role</t> in society..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `role%1:04:00`: actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group (synonyms: function, office, part).
        2.  `role%1:09:00`: an actor's portrayal of someone in a play (synonyms: character, theatrical role, part, persona).
        3.  `role%1:07:00`: what something is used for (synonyms: function, purpose, use).
        4.  `role%1:04:01`: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.

    *   The sentence is: "Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society..."
    *   Here, "role" refers to the extent of the government's involvement, its functions, and the activities it performs within society.

    *   Sense 1 (`role%1:04:00`): "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". This fits well. The government is a "group" (or entity), and its "role" refers to the functions/activities it performs in society.
    *   Sense 2 (`role%1:09:00`): "an actor's portrayal". Clearly incorrect.
    *   Sense 3 (`role%1:07:00`): "what something is used for". This usually refers to tools or objects (e.g., "the function of an auger"). While "function" is a synonym, the context of "government in society" is more about the activities/responsibilities (Sense 1) than the "use" of the government as a tool.
    *   Sense 4 (`role%1:04:01`): "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting". This is more about individual social roles (e.g., "role on the team").

    *   Sense 1 is the most comprehensive and accurate for "the role of government in society." It encompasses the functions, duties, and activities expected of the government.

    *   Sense 1: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" -> Government is a group/entity.
    *   Sense 3: "what something is used for" -> Less fitting for a systemic entity like government in society.
    *   Sense 4: "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting" -> Too narrow (focused on "person").

    *   The phrase "government occupied a much smaller role in society" is a classic usage of Sense 1 (function/part/office).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in <t>society</t> and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `society`
    *   Context: "...government occupied a much smaller role in <t>society</t> and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `society%1:14:00`: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization (general society/community).
        2.  `society%1:14:01`: a formal association of people with similar interests (club, guild).
        3.  `society%1:26:00`: the state of being with someone (company, companionship).
        4.  `society%1:14:02`: the fashionable elite (high society).

    *   The sentence discusses the role of government in "society" in the context of national policy, elections, and the New Deal.
    *   It refers to the broad structure of people and their organization within a nation.
    *   Sense 1 (extended social group/cultural and economic organization) fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 (club/association) does not fit.
    *   Sense 3 (companionship) does not fit.
    *   Sense 4 (fashionable elite) does not fit.

    *   Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma <t>problem</t> confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `problem`
    *   Target surface form: `problem`
    *   Context: "...the prisoner's dilemma <t>problem</t> confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `problem%1:26:00::`: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonym: job).
        2.  `problem%1:10:00::`: a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., homework problems).
        3.  `problem%1:09:00::`: a source of difficulty (synonym: trouble).

    *   The phrase is "the prisoner's dilemma problem".
    *   The "prisoner's dilemma" is a standard game theory scenario where individual rationality leads to a suboptimal collective outcome.
    *   In this context, it's describing a situation (a source of difficulty or a structural conflict) that voters face.
    *   It's not a "homework problem" (sense 2).
    *   It's not necessarily a "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" in the sense of a personal struggle or a specific task (sense 1).
    *   It is a "source of difficulty" or a structural issue (sense 3).

    *   Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (e.g., "having problems").
    *   Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution" (e.g., "ten problems to solve").
    *   Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (e.g., "what's the problem?").

    The "prisoner's dilemma" is a conceptual problem, a source of difficulty in decision-making. While it could be seen as a "question raised for consideration" (sense 2) in a theoretical sense, in the context of "confronting voters," it refers to the actual difficulty/conflict they experience.

    Wait, let's look closer at "prisoner's dilemma problem". Often, "problem" in this context refers to the specific theoretical puzzle or the situation itself.
    Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble).
    Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".

    Comparing "source of difficulty" (3) vs "state of difficulty" (1).
    The prisoner's dilemma is a *type* of problem (a source of difficulty/conflict).

    Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution". In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma is often called a "problem". However, the context says it's "confronting voters" and was "less severe". "Severe" usually describes a difficulty or a problem in the sense of trouble/hardship, not a homework question.

    Between 1 and 3:
    Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
    Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

    "The prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters... was considerably less severe."
    The "problem" here is the structural conflict (the source of the difficulty).

    Let's check synonyms:
    Sense 1: job
    Sense 3: trouble

    "The prisoner's dilemma trouble confronting voters" vs "The prisoner's dilemma job confronting voters". "Trouble" fits better.

    Actually, looking at WordNet's typical usage:
    - `problem%1:09:00` (source of difficulty) is often used for things like "the problem with this plan is..." or "what's the problem?".
    - `problem%1:26:00` (state of difficulty) is often used for "we are having problems".

    The "prisoner's dilemma" is a specific *kind* of problem (a source of difficulty).

    Let's double-check Sense 2 again. "a question raised for consideration or solution". In academic contexts, "the problem of X" often fits this. But "less severe" strongly points away from a mathematical/logical question and toward a practical difficulty.

    Sense 3 seems the most appropriate for a structural difficulty or a source of conflict.

    Wait, let me re-read Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    And Sense 3: "a source of difficulty".

    If the prisoner's dilemma is "confronting" the voters and is "severe", it is the *source* of the difficulty they face.

    Let's look at the examples for Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?".
    Example for Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems".

    The "prisoner's dilemma" is the *source* of the conflict.

    Final check:
    Sense 1: state of difficulty
    Sense 2: question/puzzle
    Sense 3: source of difficulty

    The prisoner's dilemma is a classic "problem" in the sense of a source of difficulty/conflict.

    Wait, let me think about "problem" in "the prisoner's dilemma problem". It's almost redundant. "The prisoner's dilemma" is already the problem. Adding "problem" after it emphasizes that it's a source of difficulty.

    Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 1 again.
    Sense 3: source of difficulty (trouble).
    Sense 1: state of difficulty (job).

    "The prisoner's dilemma problem... was considerably less severe."
    This sounds like a source of difficulty.

    Let's consider if it's Sense 2. "a question raised for consideration or solution". In game theory, the prisoner's dilemma is a "problem" to be analyzed. But the context is about voters *experiencing* it ("confronting voters"), and it being "severe". This points to a real-world difficulty, not a theoretical question.

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: races
Context:
Each legislator, after all, is only one out of 535 when it comes to national policy making. In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in <t>races</t> for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%1:11:01:: | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
2. sense_key=race%1:11:00:: | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift
3. sense_key=race%1:14:00:: | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock | examples=some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings
4. sense_key=race%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species | synonyms=subspecies
5. sense_key=race%1:19:00:: | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller | synonyms=slipstream, airstream, backwash, wash
6. sense_key=race%1:06:00:: | definition=a canal for a current of water | synonyms=raceway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `race`
    *   Target surface form: `races`
    *   Context: "...the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in <t>races</t> for Congress was considerably less severe."
    *   Other context clues: "races for the White House", "legislator", "voter's incentive", "election of Franklin Roosevelt", "Congress".

    *   Sense 1: `race%1:11:01::` | definition=any competition | examples=the race for the presidency
    *   Sense 2: `race%1:11:00::` | definition=a contest of speed | examples=the race is to the swift
    *   Sense 3: `race%1:14:00::` | definition=people who are believed to belong to the same genetic stock | examples=some biologists doubt that there are important genetic differences between races of human beings
    *   Sense 4: `race%1:14:01::` | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species...
    *   Sense 5: `race%1:19:00::` | definition=the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller...
    *   Sense 6: `race%1:06:00::` | definition=a canal for a current of water...

    *   The context refers to "races for Congress" and "races for the White House".
    *   This clearly refers to political elections, which are a type of competition.
    *   Sense 1 ("any competition") specifically lists "the race for the presidency" as an example.
    *   Sense 2 is about speed.
    *   Sense 3 and 4 are about ethnicity/biology.
    *   Sense 5 is about aircraft.
    *   Sense 6 is about water canals.

    *   Sense 1 is the perfect fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explains
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it <t>explains</t> why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 3}
```

reasoning_content:
*   Target lemma: `explain`
    *   Target surface form: `explains`
    *   Context: "While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. ... Second, it <t>explains</t> why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
    *   Candidate senses:
        1.  `make plain and comprehensible` (explicate)
        2.  `define`
        3.  `serve as a reason or cause or justification of` (excuse)

    *   The sentence is: "Second, it [the theory] explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
    *   The "it" refers to "this theory".
    *   The theory provides a reason or cause for the observed behavior (voters' attitudes toward Congress vs. their own representatives).

    *   Sense 1: "make plain and comprehensible". This is about teaching or clarifying a concept (e.g., explaining physics). While a theory *can* make something comprehensible, the core function here is providing the *reason* for the phenomenon.
    *   Sense 2: "define". This is about specifying the meaning or details of a plan/term. Not applicable here.
    *   Sense 3: "serve as a reason or cause or justification of". This fits perfectly. The theory serves as the reason/cause for the observed behavior. Example: "Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again" matches the structure "this theory explains why voters hold Congress in disdain".

    *   The theory is being used to account for a phenomenon. In linguistic and logical contexts, when a theory "explains" a fact, it provides the causal mechanism or reason for that fact. This aligns with Sense 3.