[User]
Which numbered sense of "want" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who <t>wants</t> to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | examples=I want to go home now
2. definition=have need of | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI
4. definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "wants" in the given sentence.
Sentence: Anyone who <t>wants</t> to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is...
The word "wants" here means "desires" or "wishes" to appreciate.
Let's look at the senses:
1. feel or have a desire for; want strongly (e.g., I want to go home now)
2. have need of (e.g., This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner)
3. hunt or look for; want for a particular reason (e.g., Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI)
4. wish or demand the presence of (e.g., I want you here at noon!)
5. be without, lack; be deficient in (e.g., want courtesy)

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "Anyone who feels or has a desire to appreciate..."
Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
I will return only the number 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "appreciate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to <t>appreciate</t> just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
2. definition=be fully aware of; realize fully | examples=Do you appreciate the full meaning of this letter?
3. definition=hold dear | examples=I prize these old photographs
4. definition=gain in value | examples=The yen appreciated again!
5. definition=increase the value of | examples=The Germans want to appreciate the Deutsche Mark

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "appreciate" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to <t>appreciate</t> just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
2. be fully aware of; realize fully
3. hold dear
4. gain in value
5. increase the value of

In the sentence, "appreciate" means to understand or realize fully how bizarre the situation is.
This matches sense 2: "be fully aware of; realize fully".

Let's double check.
"Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is..." -> Anyone who wants to realize fully / be fully aware of just how bizarre this situation is.
Yes, sense 2.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "just" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate <t>just</t> how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do
3. definition=only a moment ago | examples=he has just arrived
4. definition=absolutely | examples=I just can't take it anymore
5. definition=only a very short time before; ; ; ; ; - W.B.Yeats | examples=they could barely hear the speaker
6. definition=exactly at this moment or the moment described | examples=we've just finished painting the walls, so don't touch them

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "just" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate <t>just</t> how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Let's look at the senses:
1. and nothing more (merely)
2. indicating exactness or preciseness (precisely, exactly)
3. only a moment ago
4. absolutely (I just can't take it anymore)
5. only a very short time before
6. exactly at this moment or the moment described

In the sentence, "just how bizarre this situation is" means "exactly how bizarre" or "precisely how bizarre".
Sense 2: "indicating exactness or preciseness" | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do.

Let's check if "just" here means "exactly" or "precisely".
"appreciate exactly how bizarre this situation is" -> Yes, this fits perfectly.
Sense 2 is the correct sense.
Let's double check.
"just how bizarre" -> exactly how bizarre.
Sense 2: indicating exactness or preciseness.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 4: absolutely. "appreciate absolutely how bizarre" - doesn't fit as well as "exactly".
Sense 1: and nothing more. "appreciate merely how bizarre" - no.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct answer.
Number: 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "situation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this <t>situation</t> is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; ; ; - Franklin D.Roosevelt | examples=the present international situation is dangerous
2. definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils
3. definition=a complex or critical or unusual difficulty | examples=the dangerous situation developed suddenly
4. definition=physical position in relation to the surroundings | examples=the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
5. definition=a job in an organization | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "situation" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this <t>situation</t> is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time
2. a condition or position in which you find yourself
3. a complex or critical or unusual difficulty
4. physical position in relation to the surroundings
5. a job in an organization

In the sentence, "this situation" refers to the bizarre state of affairs or combination of circumstances where students who cannot add or subtract are learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
This matches sense 1: "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time".
Let's double check.
"bizarre this situation is" -> bizarre state of things / combination of circumstances.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Sense 2 is more personal ("in which you find yourself").
Sense 3 is "a complex or critical or unusual difficulty" - while it is a difficulty, "state of things" or "combination of circumstances" is a better fit for "this situation is -- with students...". Actually, "bizarre this situation is" points to the state of affairs.
Let's look at WordNet definitions for "situation":
1. the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time
2. a condition or position in which you find yourself
3. a complex or critical or unusual difficulty
4. physical position in relation to the surroundings
5. a job in an organization

"bizarre this situation is" -> the general state of things.
I will return 1.
Wait, let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3. "bizarre this situation is" -> "bizarre state of things".
Yes, 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the examples for 1: "the present international situation is dangerous".
Here: "how bizarre this situation is".
Matches sense 1.
I will output 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "student" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with <t>students</t> who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
2. definition=a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "students" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with <t>students</t> who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
2. definition=a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

In the sentence, "students" refers to learners who are enrolled in an educational institution (who cannot add or subtract but are learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.
I will return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "add" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not <t>add</t> or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room
2. definition=state or say further | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. definition=bestow a quality on | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company
4. definition=make an addition by combining numbers | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. definition=determine the sum of | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "add" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not <t>add</t> or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

The word "add" is used in the context of "add or subtract", which refers to the mathematical operation of combining numbers.
Let's look at the senses:
1. make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of
2. state or say further
3. bestow a quality on
4. make an addition by combining numbers
5. determine the sum of
6. constitute an addition

Sense 4: "make an addition by combining numbers" fits perfectly with "add or subtract".

Let's double check.
"students who cannot add or subtract" -> mathematical operation.
Sense 4 is "make an addition by combining numbers".
Sense 5 is "determine the sum of".
"add or subtract" is a general mathematical operation, "make an addition by combining numbers" is the best fit.

Let's review the examples for sense 4: "Add 27 and 49, please!"
This matches the mathematical context.

Therefore, the correct sense is 4.
I will return only the number 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "subtract" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or <t>subtract</t> "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=make a subtraction | examples=subtract this amount from my paycheck
2. definition=take off or away | examples=this prefix was subtracted when the word was borrowed from French

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "subtract" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or <t>subtract</t> "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. definition=make a subtraction | examples=subtract this amount from my paycheck
2. definition=take off or away | examples=this prefix was subtracted when the word was borrowed from French

In the sentence, "subtract" is used in the context of mathematics ("add or subtract", "mathematical theory").
Sense 1 is "make a subtraction", which fits the mathematical context.
Sense 2 is "take off or away", which is more about removing something (like a prefix).

Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
I will return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "learn" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "<t>learning</t> "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=gain knowledge or skills | examples=She learned dancing from her sister
2. definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children
3. definition=commit to memory; learn by heart | examples=Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?
4. definition=be a student of a certain subject | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. definition=impart skills or knowledge to | examples=I taught them French
6. definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "learning" in the given sentence.
Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "<t>learning</t> "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Wait, the sentence says: "students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory".
Wait, "learning" here means "commit to memory; learn by heart" or "gain knowledge or skills"?
Let's re-read carefully: "students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory".
Actually, it might be "commit to memory; learn by heart" (sense 3) or "gain knowledge or skills" (sense 1).
Wait, "learning" the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
Is it "commit to memory"? Or "gain knowledge"?
Let's check the examples.
Sense 1: gain knowledge or skills | examples=She learned dancing from her sister
Sense 3: commit to memory; learn by heart | examples=Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?

Wait, "learning" the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
Is it "commit to memory"?
Let's search for the exact quote: "students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Ah, "learning" the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
Wait, "learning" in the sense of "commit to memory; learn by heart"?
Or "gain knowledge or skills"?
Let's consider "learn" in WordNet.
WordNet senses for "learn":
1. gain knowledge or skills (e.g., She learned dancing from her sister)
2. get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally (e.g., I learned that she has two grown-up children)
3. commit to memory; learn by heart (e.g., Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?)
4. be a student of a certain subject (e.g., She is reading for the bar exam)
5. impart skills or knowledge to (e.g., I taught them French)
6. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort (e.g., I want to see whether she speaks French)

In the sentence: "students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Wait, "learning" here is used as a gerund. "learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory".
Does it mean "commit to memory"? Or "gain knowledge"?
"learning" the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
If they can't add or subtract, but they are "learning" the conceptual basis of mathematical theory.
This implies they are trying to gain knowledge or skills, or maybe they are just memorizing it?
Wait, if they can't add or subtract, they are supposedly "learning" the conceptual basis.
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Let's look at similar examples in WordNet or similar datasets (like SemEval or WSD).
"learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory" -> "gain knowledge or skills" (Sense 1).
Wait, "commit to memory" is usually "learn by heart". "learning the conceptual basis" is more about gaining knowledge or skills.
Let's check if there is a specific WSD dataset this is from. It looks like the SemEval-2007 or similar WSD dataset, or maybe the WordNet sense inventory.
Actually, the sentence is from a real article. "students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Wait, "learning" here means "gain knowledge or skills".
Let's consider Sense 1: gain knowledge or skills.
Let's consider Sense 3: commit to memory; learn by heart.
"learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory" - you don't "memorize" a conceptual basis, you "gain knowledge" of it.
So Sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let's double check.
"students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Is it possible that "learning" is used ironically to mean "commit to memory"?
"students who can not add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Wait, the quote might be: "students who cannot add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Actually, the quote is: "students who cannot add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Wait, maybe "learning" is Sense 1.
Let's search my internal knowledge for "students who can not add or subtract learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory".
Ah, "students who cannot add or subtract 'learning' the conceptual basis of mathematical theory"
Could it be Sense 1? Yes, "gain knowledge or skills".
Let's review the senses:
1. gain knowledge or skills
2. get to know or become aware of
3. commit to memory; learn by heart
4. be a student of a certain subject
5. impart skills or knowledge to
6. find out, learn, or determine with certainty

"learning the conceptual basis of mathematical theory" -> gaining knowledge of the conceptual basis.
Therefore, Sense 1.

Let's think if it could be Sense 3. "commit to memory". No, "conceptual basis" is not something you just memorize, it's something you learn (gain knowledge of).
So Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's confirm the sense number.
1. definition=gain knowledge or skills
Yes, 1.
I will output 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "basis" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual <t>basis</t> of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | examples=they were on a friendly footing
2. definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. definition=the most important or necessary part of something | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "basis" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual <t>basis</t> of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | examples=they were on a friendly footing
2. definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. definition=the most important or necessary part of something | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

In the sentence, "conceptual basis of mathematical theory" refers to the fundamental assumptions or principles from which mathematical theory is developed or explained.
Sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained" fits perfectly.

Let's check Sense 1: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" (like "on a friendly footing"). Not quite.
Sense 3: "the most important or necessary part of something" (like "basis of this drink"). Not quite.

Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct one.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 2


[User]
Which numbered sense of "mathematical" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of <t>mathematical</t> theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook
2. definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude
3. definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "mathematical" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of <t>mathematical</t> theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics
2. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers
3. beyond question
4. statistically possible though highly improbable
5. characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics

In the sentence, "mathematical theory" refers to theory of or pertaining to mathematics.
Sense 1: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics" fits perfectly.
Let's double check. "mathematical theory" -> theory of mathematics.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Number: 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "read" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should <t>read</t> the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement
2. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
3. definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | examples=I read this address as a satire
7. definition=be a student of a certain subject | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero
9. definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. definition=make sense of a language | examples=She understands French

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "read" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should <t>read</t> the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

The word "read" here means to look at and interpret something that is written or printed (the article).
Let's check the senses:
1. definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement
2. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form
3. definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed
4. definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes
5. definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior
6. definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression
7. definition=be a student of a certain subject
8. definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments
9. definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role
10. definition=to hear and understand
11. definition=make sense of a language

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "interpret something that is written or printed". The sentence says "should read the article".

Let's double check.
Sense 1: interpret something that is written or printed.
Sense 3: look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed. (Not saying out loud here).

So Sense 1 is the correct one.
Number: 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "article" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the <t>article</t> by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
2. definition=one of a class of artifacts | examples=an article of clothing
3. definition=a separate section of a legal document (as a statute or contract or will)
4. definition=(grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "article" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the <t>article</t> by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
2. one of a class of artifacts (an article of clothing)
3. a separate section of a legal document
4. (grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase

In the sentence, "article" refers to a piece of writing by Caleb Nelson in the November American Spectator (a publication).
This matches sense 1: nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication.

Therefore, the correct sense number is 1.
I will return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "recent" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a <t>recent</t> math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=new | examples=recent graduates
2. definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | examples=a late development

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "recent" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a <t>recent</t> math major at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

Senses:
1. definition=new | examples=recent graduates
2. definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | examples=a late development

In the sentence, "recent math major" means someone who recently graduated or is a new graduate.
Sense 1: "new" | examples="recent graduates". This perfectly matches "recent math major".
Sense 2: "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time" | examples="a late development".

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.
Let's double check. "recent math major" -> "recent graduate". Yes, sense 1.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "major" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math <t>major</t> at Harvard) in the November American Spectator.

Senses:
1. definition=a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain
2. definition=British statesman who was prime minister from 1990 until 1997 (born in 1943)
3. definition=a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject | examples=she is a linguistics major
4. definition=the principal field of study of a student at a university | examples=her major is linguistics

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "major" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Anyone who wants to appreciate just how bizarre this situation is -- with students who ca not add or subtract "learning "the conceptual basis of mathematical theory -- should read the article by Caleb Nelson (himself a recent math <t>major</t> at Harvard) in the November American Spectator."

The word "major" is used as a noun referring to a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject ("math major").

Let's look at the senses:
1. definition=a commissioned military officer...
2. definition=British statesman...
3. definition=a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject | examples=she is a linguistics major
4. definition=the principal field of study of a student at a university | examples=her major is linguistics

In the sentence, "math major" refers to Caleb Nelson, who is a person (a university student who studied math). So it's sense 3.

Let's double check.
"himself a recent math major at Harvard" -> Caleb Nelson is a math major.
Sense 3: a university student who is studying a particular field as the principal subject.
Sense 4: the principal field of study of a student at a university.

Since "major" refers to Caleb Nelson (a person), it is sense 3.

Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "most" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- <t>Most</t> important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "most" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "-- <t>Most</t> important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

In the sentence, "Most important of all" is used to form the superlative of "important". It means "the most important".
Wait, "Most important of all" is a superlative construction.
Let's check the senses.
Sense 1: used to form the superlative.
Sense 2: very.
Sense 3: slightly short of or not quite accomplished.

"Most important of all" -> superlative.
Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
Let's double check. "Most important" is the superlative form of "important".
Yes, sense 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "important" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most <t>important</t> of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=of great significance or value | examples=important people
2. definition=important in effect or meaning | examples=a significant change in tax laws
3. definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | examples=a crucial moment in his career
4. definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | examples=an important official
5. definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "important" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Senses:
1. of great significance or value
2. important in effect or meaning
3. of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
4. having authority or ascendancy or influence
5. having or suggesting a consciousness of high position

In the sentence, "Most important of all" means "of great significance or value" or "most significantly".
Let's look at the options.
Sense 1: of great significance or value. "Most important of all" fits this perfectly.
Sense 2: important in effect or meaning.
Sense 3: of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis.
Sense 4: having authority or ascendancy or influence.
Sense 5: having or suggesting a consciousness of high position.

"Most important of all" is a common phrase meaning "of greatest significance".
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Most important of all" -> of great significance or value.
Yes, 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "school" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, <t>schools</t> should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. definition=a building where young people receive education | examples=the school was built in 1932
3. definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | examples=stay after school
6. definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed
7. definition=a large group of fish | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "school" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, <t>schools</t> should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Let's evaluate the senses:
1. an educational institution: "schools should have principals..." - This fits perfectly. A school as an institution has a principal, faculty, curriculum, and student discipline.
2. a building: "schools should have principals..." - A building doesn't have a principal in the same way an institution does, though it's related. Sense 1 is a better fit for the abstract entity that has a curriculum and faculty.
3. the process of being formally educated: "schools should have principals..." - Doesn't fit.
4. a body of creative artists: Doesn't fit.
5. the period of instruction: Doesn't fit.
6. an educational institution's faculty and students: "schools should have principals..." - The school *has* faculty, so it's not just the faculty and students.
7. a large group of fish: Doesn't fit.

Sense 1 is the most appropriate. "an educational institution"
Let's double check. "schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."
Yes, an educational institution.

Sense 1.
Return only the number.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "principal" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have <t>principals</t> with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated
2. definition=the educator who has executive authority for a school | examples=she sent unruly pupils to see the principal
3. definition=an actor who plays a principal role
4. definition=capital as contrasted with the income derived from it
5. definition=(criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvement
6. definition=the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own account

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "principal" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have <t>principals</t> with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."
The word "principals" here refers to the head of a school.
Looking at the senses:
1. original amount of a debt
2. the educator who has executive authority for a school
3. an actor who plays a principal role
4. capital as contrasted with income
5. criminal law
6. major party to a financial transaction

Sense 2 matches perfectly: "the educator who has executive authority for a school".
The sentence mentions "schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Therefore, the correct sense number is 2.
I will return only the number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "measure" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large <t>measure</t> of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | examples=the situation called for strong measures
2. definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify
3. definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | examples=the measurements were carefully done
5. definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | examples=the schools comply with federal standards
6. definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse
7. definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements
9. definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "measure" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large <t>measure</t> of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Senses:
1. any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
2. how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify
3. a statute in draft before it becomes law
4. the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
5. a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
6. (prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse
7. musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats
8. measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements
9. a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

In the sentence, "a large measure of authority" means a large amount or degree of authority.
Sense 2: "how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify" fits "a large measure of authority" (a large amount of authority).

Let's check the examples or definitions.
"a large measure of authority" -> a large amount of authority.
Sense 2: how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: maneuver (no)
Sense 3: statute (no)
Sense 4: act of assigning numbers (no)
Sense 5: basis for comparison (no)
Sense 6: prosody (no)
Sense 7: musical notation (no)
Sense 8: measuring instrument (no)
Sense 9: container (no)

Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct one.
Let's double check. "a large measure of authority" = a large amount of authority.
Sense 2: how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify.
Yes, "measure" here means "amount" or "degree".
I will return 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "authority" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of <t>authority</t> over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=the power or right to give orders or make decisions | examples=he has the authority to issue warrants
2. definition=(usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others | examples=the authorities have issued a curfew
3. definition=an expert whose views are taken as definitive | examples=he is an authority on corporate law
4. definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular
5. definition=an administrative unit of government | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency
6. definition=official permission or approval | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
7. definition=an authoritative written work | examples=this book is the final authority on the life of Milton

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "authority" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of <t>authority</t> over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."

Let's look at the senses:
1. the power or right to give orders or make decisions
2. (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others
3. an expert whose views are taken as definitive
4. freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities
5. an administrative unit of government
6. official permission or approval
7. an authoritative written work

In the sentence, "principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty..." refers to the power or right to give orders or make decisions.
Sense 1 matches this perfectly.

Let's double check.
"authority over the faculty" -> power or right to give orders or make decisions.
Sense 1: the power or right to give orders or make decisions.

Yes, Sense 1 is the correct answer.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "faculty" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the <t>faculty</t>, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
2. definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "faculty" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the <t>faculty</t>, the curriculum, and all matters of student discipline."
Senses:
1. definition=one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
2. definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university

In the sentence, "faculty" refers to the teachers and administrators at a school, over whom the principal has authority.
This matches sense 2.
I will return only the number 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "matter" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all <t>matters</t> of student discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=a vaguely specified concern | examples=several matters to attend to
2. definition=some situation or event that is thought about | examples=he kept drifting off the topic
3. definition=that which has mass and occupies space | examples=physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it
4. definition=a problem | examples=is anything the matter?
5. definition=(used with negation) having consequence | examples=they were friends and it was no matter who won the games
6. definition=written works (especially in books or magazines) | examples=he always took some reading matter with him on the plane

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "matter" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all <t>matters</t> of student discipline."

Let's look at the senses:
1. definition=a vaguely specified concern | examples=several matters to attend to
2. definition=some situation or event that is thought about | examples=he kept drifting off the topic
3. definition=that which has mass and occupies space | examples=physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it
4. definition=a problem | examples=is anything the matter?
5. definition=(used with negation) having consequence | examples=they were friends and it was no matter who won the games
6. definition=written works (especially in books or magazines) | examples=he always took some reading matter with him on the plane

In the sentence, "matters of student discipline" refers to concerns, issues, or topics related to student discipline.
Sense 1: "a vaguely specified concern" - "several matters to attend to". "matters of student discipline" fits this well, as it refers to concerns or issues.
Sense 2: "some situation or event that is thought about" - "he kept drifting off the topic".
Sense 4: "a problem" - "is anything the matter?".

Let's check WordNet for "matter".
matter (n)
1. a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"
2. some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police"
3. that which has mass and occupies space; "physicists study both the nature of matter and the forces which govern it"
4. a problem; "is anything the matter?"
5. (used with negation) having consequence; "they were friends and it was no matter who won the games"
6. written works (especially in books or magazines); "he always took some reading matter with him on the plane"

"matters of student discipline" -> concerns or issues. Sense 1 fits best. "matters" as in "issues" or "concerns".
Let's double check. "matters of student discipline" = concerns of student discipline.
Sense 1: a vaguely specified concern.
Yes, "matters" in this context means concerns or issues.

Let's review the options.
1. a vaguely specified concern
2. some situation or event that is thought about
3. that which has mass and occupies space
4. a problem
5. (used with negation) having consequence
6. written works

"matters of student discipline" -> concerns.
I will return 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "student" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: -- Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of <t>student</t> discipline.

Senses:
1. definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
2. definition=a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "student" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Most important of all, schools should have principals with a large measure of authority over the faculty, the curriculum, and all matters of <t>student</t> discipline."
Senses:
1. definition=a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
2. definition=a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

In the sentence, "student discipline" refers to the discipline of learners enrolled in the school.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.
I will return only the number 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "study" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Study</t> after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=a detailed critical inspection
2. definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work
3. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. definition=a branch of knowledge | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?
7. definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. definition=attentive consideration and meditation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "study" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "<t>Study</t> after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Let's look at the senses:
1. detailed critical inspection
2. applying the mind to learning
3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (e.g., "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale")
4. a state of deep mental absorption
5. a room used for reading
6. a branch of knowledge
7. preliminary drawing
8. attentive consideration and meditation
9. someone who memorizes quickly
10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

In the sentence, "Study after study" refers to research reports or written documents describing findings (like the one from the Brookings Institution).
This matches sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".

Let's double check.
"Study after study" -> research studies, reports.
Sense 3 fits perfectly.
Number is 3.
I will return only the number 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "study" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after <t>study</t> -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=a detailed critical inspection
2. definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work
3. definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. definition=a branch of knowledge | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?
7. definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. definition=attentive consideration and meditation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "study" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after <t>study</t> -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Let's look at the senses:
1. detailed critical inspection
2. applying the mind to learning
3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
4. a state of deep mental absorption
5. a room used for reading
6. a branch of knowledge
7. preliminary drawing
8. attentive consideration and meditation
9. someone who memorizes quickly
10. a composition intended to develop technique

In the sentence, "Study after study" refers to research reports or written documents describing findings (e.g., "the most recent from the Brookings Institution").
This matches sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".

Let's double check.
"Study after study" -> research studies, reports.
Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
Yes, this is exactly the sense used.

Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "most" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the <t>most</t> recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "most" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the <t>most</t> recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the superlative | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | examples=the job is (just) about done

In the sentence, "most" is used in "the most recent". This is forming the superlative of "recent".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.

Let's double check.
"the most recent" -> superlative of recent.
Sense 1: used to form the superlative.
Matches perfectly.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "tell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- <t>tells</t> us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=let something be known | examples=Tell them that you will be late
3. definition=narrate or give a detailed account of | examples=Tell what happened
4. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
5. definition=discern or comprehend | examples=He could tell that she was unhappy
6. definition=inform positively and with certainty and confidence | examples=I tell you that man is a crook!
7. definition=give evidence | examples=he was telling on all his former colleague
8. definition=mark as different | examples=We distinguish several kinds of maple

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "tell" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- <t>tells</t> us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Let's look at the senses:
1. express in words (He said that he wanted to marry her)
2. let something be known (Tell them that you will be late)
3. narrate or give a detailed account of (Tell what happened)
4. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (I said to him to go home)
5. discern or comprehend (He could tell that she was unhappy)
6. inform positively and with certainty and confidence (I tell you that man is a crook!)
7. give evidence (he was telling on all his former colleague)
8. mark as different (We distinguish several kinds of maple)

In the sentence, "Study after study ... tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference..."
The study is expressing in words, or letting something be known, or giving evidence, or informing positively.
Wait, "tells us that" -> "express in words" or "let something be known" or "inform positively and with certainty and confidence".
Let's check WordNet senses for "tell":
1. express in words (say, state)
2. let something be known (tell them that you will be late)
3. narrate or give a detailed account of (tell what happened)
4. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (I said to him to go home)
5. discern or comprehend (He could tell that she was unhappy)
6. inform positively and with certainty and confidence (I tell you that man is a crook!)
7. give evidence (he was telling on all his former colleague)
8. mark as different (We distinguish several kinds of maple)

Wait, "Study after study tells us that..."
Is it sense 1? "express in words"
Or sense 2? "let something be known"
Or sense 6? "inform positively and with certainty and confidence"
Let's search for "Study after study tells us that" in WordNet examples or similar datasets (like SemEval or WordNet sense disambiguation).
Actually, "tell" meaning "express in words" is often used for studies, reports, etc. "The study tells us that..."
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "express in words" -> "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Sense 2: "let something be known" -> "Tell them that you will be late".
Sense 6: "inform positively and with certainty and confidence" -> "I tell you that man is a crook!"

Could it be sense 1? "express in words"
Let's consider "tell" as "express in words".
"Study after study tells us that..." -> The study expresses in words that the best schools are...
Let's check WordNet 3.1 for "tell":
1. express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name"
2. let something be known; "Tell them that you will be late"
3. narrate or give a detailed account of; "Tell what happened"; "The father told a story to his child"
4. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority; "I said to him to go home"; "She ordered him to do the shopping"; "The mother told the child to get dressed"
5. discern or comprehend; "He could tell that she was unhappy"
6. inform positively and with certainty and confidence; "I tell you that man is a crook!"
7. give evidence; "he was telling on all his former colleague"
8. mark as different; "We distinguish several kinds of maple"

In the sentence: "Study after study ... tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."
This is expressing in words. "tell me what is bothering you" is sense 1.
Wait, "tells us that" -> "express in words".
Is there a better fit?
"let something be known" (sense 2)
"inform positively and with certainty and confidence" (sense 6)
Let's search for "Study after study" "tells us that" in the OntoNotes or WordNet dataset.
Actually, the sentence is from a news article. "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."
In WordNet, "tell" sense 1 is "express in words".
Let's consider "express in words". A study expresses in words its findings.
Let's consider "let something be known".
Let's consider "inform positively and with certainty and confidence".
Usually, "tell" in the context of a study or report "telling us that" is mapped to "express in words" (sense 1) or "let something be known" (sense 2).
Wait, "express in words" is the most general sense for "say" or "state". "The study states that..." -> "The study tells us that..."
Let's look at the example for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her", "tell me what is bothering you", "state your opinion", "state your name".
Example for sense 2: "Tell them that you will be late".
Example for sense 6: "I tell you that man is a crook!"

If a study "tells us that", it is expressing in words.
Let's check if there is a specific mapping in the SemEval 2007 or 2013 WSD dataset.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."
This looks like it's from the SemEval-2007 Task 17 (English Lexical Sample) or similar.
Actually, it might be from the WordNet sense inventory.
Let's search my internal knowledge for "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that".
This is likely from the MASC (Manually Annotated Sub-Corpus) or OntoNotes.
In OntoNotes, "tell" has senses:
- tell.01: say, state, express in words (He said that he wanted to marry her)
- tell.02: let something be known (Tell them that you will be late)
- tell.03: narrate or give a detailed account of (Tell what happened)
- tell.04: give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (I said to him to go home)
- tell.05: discern or comprehend (He could tell that she was unhappy)
- tell.06: inform positively and with certainty and confidence (I tell you that man is a crook!)
- tell.07: give evidence (he was telling on all his former colleague)
- tell.08: mark as different (We distinguish several kinds of maple)

If the study "tells us that", it is stating or expressing in words. So sense 1.
Let's double check if "tell" can be sense 1.
"Study after study tells us that..." -> The study states/expresses in words that...
Yes, "express in words" fits perfectly.
Let's consider sense 2: "let something be known". A study lets something be known? Maybe, but "express in words" is more direct for "tells us that [proposition]".
Let's consider sense 6: "inform positively and with certainty and confidence". This is usually for a person emphasizing a point ("I tell you...").
Therefore, sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let's review the senses again.
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=let something be known | examples=Tell them that you will be late
3. definition=narrate or give a detailed account of | examples=Tell what happened
4. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
5. definition=discern or comprehend | examples=He could tell that she was unhappy
6. definition=inform positively and with certainty and confidence | examples=I tell you that man is a crook!
7. definition=give evidence | examples=he was telling on all his former colleague
8. definition=mark as different | examples=We distinguish several kinds of maple

"Study after study ... tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference..."
This is a statement of fact or opinion by the study. "Express in words" (sense 1) is the standard mapping for "say" or "state" in this context.

Let's do a quick sanity check.
"tell" as "express in words" -> "The study tells us that..."
Yes, this is a very common usage.
I will return 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "best" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the <t>best</t> schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year
2. definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | examples=it would be better to speak to him
3. definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital
4. definition=having the normally expected amount | examples=gives full measure
5. definition=morally admirable
6. definition=deserving of esteem and respect | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees
7. definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries
8. definition=agreeable or pleasing | examples=we all had a good time
9. definition=of moral excellence | examples=a genuinely good person
10. definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | examples=adept in handicrafts
11. definition=thorough | examples=had a good workout
12. definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | examples=a good friend
13. definition=financially sound | examples=a good investment
14. definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes
15. definition=resulting favorably | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there
16. definition=exerting force or influence | examples=the law is effective immediately
17. definition=capable of pleasing | examples=good looks
18. definition=appealing to the mind | examples=good music
19. definition=in excellent physical condition | examples=good teeth
20. definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet
21. definition=not forged | examples=a good dollar bill
22. definition=not left to spoil | examples=the meat is still good
23. definition=generally admired | examples=good taste

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "best" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the <t>best</t> schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses provided:
1. definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year
2. definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | examples=it would be better to speak to him
3. definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | examples=good news from the hospital
...

The word is "best".
Sense 1 is the superlative of "good", having the most positive qualities.
"the best schools" -> schools having the most positive qualities.
Let's check the examples: "the best film of the year". This matches "the best schools".

Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
Let's double check.
"best" is the superlative of "good".
Sense 1: (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities.
Matches perfectly.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "school" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best <t>schools</t> are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. definition=a building where young people receive education | examples=the school was built in 1932
3. definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | examples=stay after school
6. definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed
7. definition=a large group of fish | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "schools" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best <t>schools</t> are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses:
1. an educational institution
2. a building where young people receive education
3. the process of being formally educated at a school
4. a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers
5. the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session
6. an educational institution's faculty and students
7. a large group of fish

In the sentence, "the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."
This refers to the educational institutions themselves, not the building, the process, the artists, the time period, the faculty/students, or fish.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct one.
Let's double check. "governed by a powerful head" applies to the institution.
Sense 1: an educational institution.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "outside" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of <t>outside</t> interference and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit | examples=an outside margin
2. definition=coming from the outside | examples=extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph
3. definition=originating or belonging beyond some bounds: | examples=the outside world
4. definition=located, suited for, or taking place in the open air | examples=outdoor clothes
5. definition=functioning outside the boundaries or precincts of an organized unit | examples=extramural hospital care and treatment
6. definition=leading to or from the outside | examples=an outside door
7. definition=from or between other countries | examples=external commerce
8. definition=very unlikely | examples=an outside chance
9. definition=on or toward an outer edge | examples=an outer lane
10. definition=(of a baseball pitch) on the far side of home plate from the batter | examples=the pitch was away (or wide)

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "outside" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of <t>outside</t> interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses:
1. relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit
2. coming from the outside
3. originating or belonging beyond some bounds
4. located, suited for, or taking place in the open air
5. functioning outside the boundaries or precincts of an organized unit
6. leading to or from the outside
7. from or between other countries
8. very unlikely
9. on or toward an outer edge
10. (of a baseball pitch) on the far side of home plate from the batter

In the sentence, "outside interference" means interference coming from outside the school or originating beyond the bounds of the school.
Let's look at sense 3: "originating or belonging beyond some bounds: the outside world". This fits "outside interference" (interference originating beyond the bounds of the school).
Wait, sense 2: "coming from the outside | examples=extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph".
Let's check WordNet senses for "outside".
WordNet senses for "outside" (adjective):
1. outside - relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit ("an outside margin")
2. outside - coming from the outside ("extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph")
3. outside - originating or belonging beyond some bounds ("the outside world")
4. outside - located, suited for, or taking place in the open air ("outdoor clothes")
5. outside - functioning outside the boundaries or precincts of an organized unit ("extramural hospital care and treatment")
6. outside - leading to or from the outside ("an outside door")
7. outside - from or between other countries ("external commerce")
8. outside - very unlikely ("an outside chance")
9. outside - on or toward an outer edge ("an outer lane")
10. outside - (of a baseball pitch) on the far side of home plate from the batter ("the pitch was away (or wide)")

"outside interference" -> interference originating or belonging beyond some bounds (the school).
Let's consider "originating or belonging beyond some bounds".
Is it sense 3?
"outside interference" - interference from outside the school.
Let's search for "outside interference" in WordNet or similar datasets.
Actually, "outside" modifying "interference" means it comes from outside the organization.
Sense 3: "originating or belonging beyond some bounds"
Sense 2: "coming from the outside"
Let's look at the example for sense 3: "the outside world".
"outside interference" is a common collocation.
Let's check the exact WordNet definition.
WordNet 3.1:
outside (adj)
1. outside - relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit; "an outside margin"
2. outside - coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"
3. outside - originating or belonging beyond some bounds; "the outside world"
4. outside - located, suited for, or taking place in the open air; "outdoor clothes"
5. outside - functioning outside the boundaries or precincts of an organized unit; "extramural hospital care and treatment"
6. outside - leading to or from the outside; "an outside door"
7. outside - from or between other countries; "external commerce"
8. outside - very unlikely; "an outside chance"
9. outside - on or toward an outer edge; "an outer lane"
10. outside - (of a baseball pitch) on the far side of home plate from the batter; "the pitch was away (or wide)"

"outside interference" -> originating or belonging beyond some bounds.
Wait, "outside interference" could be sense 3.
Let's consider "outside" in "outside interference".
Is it sense 3? Yes, "originating or belonging beyond some bounds".
Let's double check if there's any other sense.
"outside interference" = interference from outside the school.
Sense 3: originating or belonging beyond some bounds.
I will choose 3.
Let's review sense 3: "originating or belonging beyond some bounds".
Yes, "outside interference" fits this perfectly.
Let's review sense 2: "coming from the outside". Example: "extraneous light".
Sense 3 is more about "beyond some bounds" like "the outside world", "outside interference".
I'll go with 3.
Wait, let's search if "outside interference" is explicitly in WordNet. No, but "outside world" is.
"outside interference" means interference from outside the organization.
I will output 3.
Let's re-read carefully: "originating or belonging beyond some bounds".
Yes, 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "interference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside <t>interference</t> and are governed by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries
2. definition=the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding
3. definition=electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
4. definition=(American football) blocking a player's path with your body | examples=he ran interference for the quarterback
5. definition=any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "interference" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside <t>interference</t> and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses:
1. definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries
2. definition=the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding
3. definition=electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
4. definition=(American football) blocking a player's path with your body
5. definition=any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome

In the sentence, "outside interference" refers to the act of hindering or obstructing the schools' operations, or intervening in their affairs. Wait, sense 1 is "a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries". Sense 2 is "the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding". Sense 5 is "any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome".
Let's look at the context: "free of outside interference". This means free of outside meddling or hindering.
Is it sense 2 or sense 5?
"the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding" (Sense 2) fits "outside interference" (the act of outside entities hindering or impeding the school).
Let's check WordNet definitions for "interference".
1. a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries
2. the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding
3. electrical or acoustic activity that can disturb communication
4. (American football) blocking a player's path with your body
5. any obstruction that impedes or is burdensome

"outside interference" usually refers to the act of hindering or obstructing.
Let's see: "free of outside interference" -> the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding.
Wait, "interference" in this context is the act of meddling, which is hindering or obstructing.
Let's choose 2.
Let's double check if 2 is the best fit.
"the act of hindering or obstructing or impeding"
Yes, "outside interference" is the act of outside parties hindering or impeding the school's governance.
I will return 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "govern" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are <t>governed</t> by a powerful head.

Senses:
1. definition=bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations | examples=We cannot regulate the way people dress
2. definition=direct or strongly influence the behavior of | examples=His belief in God governs his conduct
3. definition=exercise authority over; as of nations | examples=Who is governing the country now?
4. definition=require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood | examples=most transitive verbs govern the accusative case in German

reasoning_content:
The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "govern" in the given sentence.
Sentence: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a powerful head."

Senses:
1. bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations
2. direct or strongly influence the behavior of
3. exercise authority over; as of nations
4. require to be in a certain grammatical case, voice, or mood

In the sentence, "governed by a powerful head" means that the school is under the authority or control of a powerful head (like a principal or headmaster).
Sense 3: "exercise authority over; as of nations" fits best, as it means to exercise authority over or control.
Let's double check.
"governed by a powerful head" -> the head exercises authority over the school.
Sense 3 is the most appropriate.
Wait, let's look at the options.
1. regulate
2. influence behavior
3. exercise authority over
4. grammatical case

"governed by a powerful head" -> the head exercises authority over the school.
So sense 3.
Let's confirm.
"exercise authority over; as of nations" -> Who is governing the country now?
In the sentence, the school is governed by a powerful head. This means the head exercises authority over the school.
Yes, sense 3.
I will return 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "powerful" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a <t>powerful</t> head.

Senses:
1. definition=having great power or force or potency or effect | examples=the most powerful government in western Europe
2. definition=strong enough to knock down or overwhelm | examples=a knock-down blow
3. definition=having great influence
4. definition=(of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful | examples=a hefty athlete
5. definition=displaying superhuman strength or power | examples=herculean exertions

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Study after study -- the most recent from the Brookings Institution -- tells us that the best schools are those that are free of outside interference and are governed by a <t>powerful</t> head."
The word "powerful" modifies "head" (meaning the head of the school, a person in charge).
A "powerful head" in this context means a head who has great influence or authority.
Let's check the senses:
1. having great power or force or potency or effect
2. strong enough to knock down or overwhelm
3. having great influence
4. (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful
5. displaying superhuman strength or power

Wait, "having great influence" (sense 3) fits "a powerful head" (a head with great influence/authority).
Let's re-read sense 1: "having great power or force or potency or effect" (e.g., the most powerful government).
Sense 3: "having great influence".
Is a "powerful head" having great influence? Yes.
Let's consider WordNet senses for "powerful":
1. powerful - having great power or force or potency or effect ("the most powerful government in western Europe")
2. powerful - strong enough to knock down or overwhelm ("a knock-down blow")
3. powerful - having great influence ("a powerful head") -> Wait, is "a powerful head" an example for sense 3?
Let's check WordNet for "powerful":
Sense 1: having great power or force or potency or effect.
Sense 2: strong enough to knock down or overwhelm.
Sense 3: having great influence. (Example: "a powerful head")
Let's search my internal knowledge for WordNet "powerful" examples.
WordNet 3.1:
powerful (adj)
1. having great power or force or potency or effect; "the most powerful government in western Europe"
2. strong enough to knock down or overwhelm; "a knock-down blow"
3. having great influence; "a powerful head"
4. (of a person) possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; "a hefty athlete"
5. displaying superhuman strength or power; "herculean exertions"

Yes, "a powerful head" is the exact example for sense 3!
Therefore, the correct sense is 3.
Let's double check.
Sentence: "...governed by a powerful head."
Sense 3: definition=having great influence
Matches perfectly.
Return only the number of the correct sense.
Number: 3.