[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: men
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two <t>men</t> die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "men" (lemma: man).
Context: "I have seen one or two men die, bless them."
The context contrasts "lady" (women) with "men".
The writer is talking about male ringers.
Sense 1: an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman).
Synonyms: adult male.
Examples: there were two women and six men on the bus.
This perfectly matches the context where "men" is contrasted with "lady" (women).
Let's check other senses:
2. military force - no.
3. generic use for any human being - no, it specifically contrasts with "lady".
4. human being - no.
5. male subordinate - no.
6. manly character - no.
7. manservant - no.
8. male person in the life of a woman - no.
9. Isle of Man - no.
10. game piece - no.
11. all living human inhabitants - no.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them."
"men" here means adult males, as opposed to women/ladies.
Sense 1: an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman).
Matches perfectly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: die
Target surface form: die
Context:
The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=die%2:30:00:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
2. sense_key=die%2:39:00:: | definition=suffer or face the pain of death | examples=Martyrs may die every day for their faith
3. sense_key=die%2:37:00:: | definition=be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion such as embarrassment, amusement, or shame | examples=I was dying with embarrassment when my little lie was discovered; We almost died laughing during the show
4. sense_key=die%2:30:04:: | definition=stop operating or functioning | synonyms=fail, go bad, give way, give out, conk out, go | examples=The engine finally went; The car died on the road
5. sense_key=die%2:37:03:: | definition=feel indifferent towards | examples=She died to worldly things and eventually entered a monastery
6. sense_key=die%2:37:01:: | definition=languish as with love or desire | examples=She dying for a cigarette; I was dying to leave
7. sense_key=die%2:35:00:: | definition=cut or shape with a die | synonyms=die out | examples=Die out leather for belts
8. sense_key=die%2:33:00:: | definition=to be on base at the end of an inning, of a player
9. sense_key=die%2:30:05:: | definition=lose sparkle or bouquet | synonyms=pall, become flat | examples=wine and beer can pall
10. sense_key=die%2:30:01:: | definition=disappear or come to an end | examples=Their anger died; My secret will die with me!
11. sense_key=die%2:30:02:: | definition=suffer spiritual death; be damned (in the religious sense) | examples=Whosoever..believes in me shall never die

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "die" in the given context.
Context: "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men <t>die</t>, bless them."
The context is talking about men actually dying (passing away) in the belfry, as opposed to fainting.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life (decease, perish, go, exit, pass away, expire)
2. suffer or face the pain of death
3. be brought to or as if to the point of death by an intense emotion
4. stop operating or functioning
5. feel indifferent towards
6. languish as with love or desire
7. cut or shape with a die
8. to be on base at the end of an inning
9. lose sparkle or bouquet
10. disappear or come to an end
11. suffer spiritual death

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life". The woman is saying she has seen one or two men actually die (pass away) in the belfry.

Let's double check.
"I have seen one or two men die, bless them."
This is literal death.
Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Index: 1.
End of thought.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medical
Target surface form: Medical
Context:
<t>Medical</t> scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the study or practice of medicine | examples=the medical profession; a medical student
2. sense_key=medical%3:00:00:: | definition=requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery | examples=medical treatment; pneumonia is a medical disease
3. sense_key=medical%3:01:02:: | definition=of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art | synonyms=aesculapian

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Medical" in the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
The word "Medical" modifies "scientists".
Sense 1: relating to the study or practice of medicine (e.g., the medical profession; a medical student).
Sense 2: requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery (e.g., medical treatment; pneumonia is a medical disease).
Sense 3: of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art (synonyms: aesculapian).

"Medical scientists" refers to scientists in the field of medicine, relating to the study or practice of medicine.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Medical scientists" -> scientists who study medicine.
Sense 1: "relating to the study or practice of medicine"
Sense 2: "requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine" (doesn't fit "scientists")
Sense 3: "of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art" (too archaic/specific)

So Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: starting
Context:
Medical scientists are <t>starting</t> to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "starting" in the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
The phrase is "starting to uncover".
This means they are taking the first step in carrying out the action of uncovering.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. take the first step or steps in carrying out an action (get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out) - "We began working at dawn"
2. set in motion, cause to start (begin, lead off, commence) - "The U.S. started a war"
3. leave (depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out)
4. have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense (begin)
5. bring into being (originate, initiate)
6. get off the ground (start up, embark on, commence)
7. move or jump suddenly
8. get going or set in motion
9. begin or set in motion (go, get going)
10. begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job
11. play in the starting lineup
12. have a beginning characterized in some specified way
13. begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object
14. bulge outward

"starting to uncover" fits sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action".
Synonyms: begin, get down, get, start out, set about, set out.
Example: We began working at dawn.
"Medical scientists are beginning to uncover..." -> taking the first step in carrying out the action of uncovering.

Let's check sense 1 vs sense 4.
Sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action.
Sense 4: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense.
"starting to uncover" is an action. "uncover" is the action. They are taking the first step in carrying out the action of uncovering.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"starting to uncover" -> "begin to uncover".
Sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action.
Yes, sense 1.
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes..."
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: handful
Target surface form: handful
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a <t>handful</t> of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=handful%1:23:01:: | definition=a small number or amount | synonyms=smattering | examples=only a handful of responses were received
2. sense_key=handful%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity that can be held in the hand | synonyms=fistful

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "handful".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
The word "handful" here means a small number or amount (of genes).
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=handful%1:23:01:: | definition=a small number or amount | synonyms=smattering | examples=only a handful of responses were received
2. sense_key=handful%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity that can be held in the hand | synonyms=fistful

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a small number or amount" (a handful of genes).
Sense 2 is literal (quantity held in the hand).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if <t>damaged</t>, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "damaged".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

In the context, "damaged" refers to genes being harmed or injured (mutated, broken, etc.), which fits sense 1 (harmed or injured or spoiled).
Sense 2 is about reputation, which does not fit.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unleash
Target surface form: unleash
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, <t>unleash</t> the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unleash%2:35:00:: | definition=release or vent | examples=unleash one's anger
2. sense_key=unleash%2:35:01:: | definition=release from a leash | examples=unleash the dogs in the park
3. sense_key=unleash%2:35:02:: | definition=turn loose or free from restraint | synonyms=let loose, loose | examples=let loose mines; Loose terrible plagues upon humanity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "unleash".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
Candidate senses:
1. release or vent (unleash one's anger)
2. release from a leash (unleash the dogs in the park)
3. turn loose or free from restraint (let loose, loose; let loose mines; Loose terrible plagues upon humanity)

In the context, genes "unleash the chaotic growth of cells". This is a metaphorical turning loose or freeing from restraint, causing something terrible (chaotic growth, plagues, mines).
Sense 3 fits best: "turn loose or free from restraint", with examples like "Loose terrible plagues upon humanity".

Let's check sense 3.
sense_index: 3.
Matches "turn loose or free from restraint".
Context: "unleash the chaotic growth of cells" -> turn loose the chaotic growth.
Yes, sense 3 is the best fit.
Double check:
1. release or vent (anger, emotions)
2. release from a leash (dogs)
3. turn loose or free from restraint (mines, plagues, chaotic growth)

Therefore, sense 3.
Format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chaotic
Target surface form: chaotic
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the <t>chaotic</t> growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:disorganized:00 | definition=lacking a visible order or organization | synonyms=helter-skelter
2. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:wild:02 | definition=completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing | synonyms=disorderly
3. sense_key=chaotic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to a sensitive dependence on initial conditions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "chaotic".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:disorganized:00 | definition=lacking a visible order or organization | synonyms=helter-skelter
2. sense_key=chaotic%5:00:00:wild:02 | definition=completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing | synonyms=disorderly
3. sense_key=chaotic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to a sensitive dependence on initial conditions

In the context of "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer", the growth is completely unordered, unpredictable, and confusing (wild, disorderly).
Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization (helter-skelter)
Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing (disorderly)
Sense 3: sensitive dependence on initial conditions (chaos theory)

"chaotic growth" of cancer cells is best described as completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing (disorderly).
Let's check the difference between 1 and 2.
Sense 1: lacking a visible order or organization.
Sense 2: completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
Cancer growth is often described as "disorderly" or "wild".
"chaotic growth" -> completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
Let's see: "chaotic" in WordNet:
chaotic (adj)
1. chaotic (vs. ordered) - completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing; "a chaotic mess"; "chaotic financial affairs"
2. chaotic (vs. ordered) - lacking a visible order or organization; "the helter-skelter world of college life"

Wait, "chaotic growth of cells" -> completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
Let's choose sense 2.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: helter-skelter
Sense 2: disorderly
Cancer cell growth is "disorderly".
I will output 2.
Let's double check.
"chaotic growth" -> completely unordered and unpredictable and confusing.
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic <t>growth</t> of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "growth" in the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic <t>growth</t> of cells that characterizes cancer."
The context talks about the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically...
2. a progression from simpler to more complex forms
3. a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
4. vegetation that has grown
5. the gradual beginning or coming forth
6. (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. something grown or growing

Wait, "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer" refers to an abnormal proliferation of tissue, which is cancer.
Sense 6: (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor).
Is it sense 6? "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer" -> abnormal proliferation of tissue.
Let's check sense 6 definition: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".
Yes, cancer is characterized by abnormal proliferation of tissue.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
Is it sense 6? Yes, "growth of cells that characterizes cancer" is an abnormal proliferation of tissue.
Let's double check sense 6.
Sense 6: sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
This perfectly matches "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer".

Let's review the other senses.
Sense 1: process of an individual organism growing organically. (Not an individual organism, but cells in cancer).
Sense 3: a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important. (Too general, doesn't capture the pathology aspect).
Sense 6 is specifically for pathology, abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor). Cancer is exactly this.

Therefore, sense 6 is the best fit.
Let's confirm the sense index.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00::
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01::
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02::
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00::
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01::
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00::
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00::

Index 6 is the one.
Context: "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer"
Matches: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)"
Yes.
End of reasoning.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of <t>cells</t> that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cells" in the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
The context is about biology, genes, and cancer.
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This perfectly matches the context of "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer".
Therefore, the best sense is 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: characterize
Target surface form: characterizes
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that <t>characterizes</t> cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=characterize%2:32:00:: | definition=describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of | synonyms=qualify, characterise | examples=You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist; This poem can be characterized as a lament for a dead lover
2. sense_key=characterize%2:42:01:: | definition=be characteristic of | synonyms=characterise | examples=What characterizes a Venetian painting?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "characterizes" in the context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
The phrase is "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer."
This means the chaotic growth of cells is characteristic of cancer.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. describe or portray the character or the qualities or peculiarities of (e.g., You can characterize his behavior as that of an egotist)
2. be characteristic of (e.g., What characterizes a Venetian painting?)

In the context, the chaotic growth of cells *is characteristic of* cancer. It doesn't mean someone is describing or portraying cancer. It means the chaotic growth is a defining feature of cancer.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer" -> chaotic growth of cells is characteristic of cancer.
Sense 2: be characteristic of.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 2.
Format: {"sense_index": 2}
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes <t>cancer</t>. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The context clearly refers to the disease, malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
Candidate sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists <t>say</t> the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "say" in the context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The scientists are reporting or maintaining a claim or finding.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. express in words (state, tell)
2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
3. express a supposition (suppose)
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (order, tell, enjoin)
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce, articulate)
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

"Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
This is reporting or maintaining a claim. "report or maintain" (sense 2) fits well. "allege, aver" are synonyms.
Wait, let's consider sense 1: "express in words" (state, tell).
Let's consider sense 2: "report or maintain" (allege, aver). "He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"Scientists say the discovery of these genes..." -> they are reporting a finding.
Let's check WordNet for "say".
Sense 2: report or maintain. "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
Sense 1: express in words. "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you"
In this context, "Scientists say..." is reporting a finding or maintaining a position.
Let's look at similar examples. "Scientists say..." is often mapped to "report or maintain" (sense 2) or "state" (sense 1).
Wait, "report or maintain" is specifically for claims, allegations, or statements of fact/opinion that are being put forward.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
What about sense 1? "He said that he wanted to marry her".
"Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
This is a report of a scientific finding. "report or maintain" seems very appropriate.
Let's consider sense 2.
Is there any other sense?
Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare. "I say let's forget this whole business".
Sense 2 is "report or maintain".
Let's search for "Scientists say" in WordNet or similar datasets. Often "say" in news contexts ("Scientists say", "Experts say") is sense 2 (report or maintain).
Let's re-read the definition of sense 2: "report or maintain". Synonyms: allege, aver.
Yes, "Scientists say" = "Scientists report/maintain".
Let's double check sense 1: "express in words".
I will go with sense 2.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver.
Is "say" in "Scientists say" closer to "report" or "state"?
"report or maintain" is exactly what scientists do when they publish or announce findings.
Let's choose 2.
Wait, let's look at the exact definition of sense 2: "report or maintain".
Could it be 1? "express in words".
In SemCor or similar datasets, "Scientists say" is often annotated as "report or maintain" (sense 2).
Let's consider "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" -> this is reporting a situation or maintaining a position.
"Scientists say the discovery... is painting a new and startling picture..." -> reporting a finding.
I'll select 2.
Let's review the options.
1. express in words
2. report or maintain
3. express a supposition
4. have or contain a certain wording or form
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

"report or maintain" fits "Scientists say" perfectly.
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the <t>discovery</t> of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "discovery".
Context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The discovery refers to the genes themselves, or the fact that they were discovered. Wait, "the discovery of these genes" could be the act of discovering them, or the thing discovered.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the act of discovering something (find, uncovering)
2. something that is discovered
3. a productive insight (breakthrough, find)
4. (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

"the discovery of these genes" -> "discovery" here is the act of discovering something, or the thing discovered?
"Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture..."
Is it the act of discovering (sense 1) or the thing discovered (sense 2)?
"the discovery of these genes" -> "discovery" is the act of discovering. "The discovery of these genes" = the uncovering of these genes.
Wait, let's check WordNet examples.
Sense 1: "the discovery of the new planet" -> act of discovering.
Sense 2: "the discovery was a surprise" -> something that is discovered.
In the context: "the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture..."
"discovery of these genes" -> the act of discovering them.
Let's consider "discovery" as the act of discovering something.
Synonyms for sense 1: find, uncovering.
"the uncovering of these genes" makes perfect sense.
Let's check sense 2: "something that is discovered". "Scientists say the something that is discovered of these genes..." No, "the discovery of these genes" means the act of discovering them.
Wait, "discovery" can be the act of discovering.
Let's look at similar examples. "The discovery of penicillin" -> act of discovering.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
"discovery" = the act of discovering something.
Sense 1: discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
Sense 2: discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
If it were sense 2, it would be "this discovery is painting a new picture". But it says "the discovery of these genes", which strongly points to the act of discovering them.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture..."
"uncover" is used in the previous sentence. "uncovering" is a synonym for sense 1.
So sense 1 is definitely the intended sense.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00::
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in <t>recent</t> months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "recent" in the context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The phrase is "recent months".
Sense 1: new (recent graduates; a recent addition to the house)
Sense 2: of the immediate past or just previous to the present time (late; a late development; their late quarrel)

"recent months" refers to the immediate past or just previous to the present time.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"recent months" -> months just previous to the present time.
Sense 2: of the immediate past or just previous to the present time.
Sense 1: new. "recent months" doesn't mean "new months", it means months in the immediate past.
So sense 2 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent <t>months</t> is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The context refers to a period of time, specifically "recent months", meaning a time unit of approximately 30 days, rather than a specific calendar month (like January, February).
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days.
"recent months" refers to a duration or a period of time, not a specific named calendar month.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "recent months" = a time unit of approximately 30 days (or a period of such units).
Sense 2 is "a time unit of approximately 30 days".
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a <t>new</t> and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
The phrase is "a new and startling picture".
This means a picture that is different from the former one, or original and of a kind not seen before, or unfamiliar.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. not of long duration; having just come into being.
2. original and of a kind not seen before (fresh, novel).
3. lacking training or experience.
4. having no previous example or precedent.
5. other than the former one(s); different.
11. unfamiliar (new experiences).

"painting a new and startling picture" -> a picture that is different from the old one, or novel.
Wait, "new" here means "different" or "novel".
Let's check sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (fresh, novel).
Let's check sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
Let's check sense 11: "unfamiliar".

"painting a new and startling picture"
Is it "different" (5) or "novel" (2)?
"new and startling picture" -> a novel picture.
Wait, let's consider sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (fresh, novel).
Or sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
"new picture" usually means a different picture from the old one.
Let's look at similar examples. "a new picture of how cancer develops" -> a different picture.
Wait, "new" as in "different" (sense 5): "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it".
Is "new picture" sense 2 or 5?
"painting a new and startling picture" -> novel, fresh.
Let's check sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before".
Let's check sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
Actually, "new" in "new picture" often means "different" or "novel".
Let's consider "new" as "different" (sense 5).
Wait, "new" in "new picture" could be sense 2 (novel).
Let's search for "new picture" in WordNet or similar.
"new" meaning "different": "a new approach", "a new picture".
Let's look at sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (fresh, novel).
"new and startling picture" -> novel.
Let's look at sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
If I say "a new picture of how cancer develops", it means a different picture from the previous one.
Let's check sense 2 vs 5.
"new" in "new picture" -> sense 2? "novel" is a synonym for sense 2. "a completely novel proof".
"new" in "new picture" -> sense 5? "different".
Let's consider "new" as "different" (sense 5). "other than the former one(s); different".
Is "new picture" sense 2 or 5?
"painting a new and startling picture"
If it's "novel", it's sense 2.
If it's "different", it's sense 5.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: fresh, novel.
Synonyms for sense 5: none listed, just "other than the former one(s); different".
"new and startling picture" -> novel and startling.
I will guess sense 2.
Wait, let's rethink: "new" meaning "different" is very common for "new picture", "new understanding", "new strategy".
"An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies" -> different strategies.
But the target is "painting a <t>new</t> and startling picture".
Could it be sense 2? "original and of a kind not seen before".
Or sense 5? "other than the former one(s); different".
Let's check sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before". A "new picture" of cancer development is a novel picture.
Let's check sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
I'll go with sense 2 because "startling" pairs well with "novel" (fresh, original).
Wait, "new" as in "different" (sense 5) is often used for "new picture", "new idea", "new approach".
Let's look at the definition of sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before".
Definition of sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
Is a "new picture" necessarily "of a kind not seen before"? Yes, it's a novel picture.
But maybe sense 2 is better.
Let's consider "new" in "new picture".
In WordNet, "new" (adj) has:
1. not of long duration
2. original and of a kind not seen before (fresh, novel)
3. lacking training
4. having no previous example
5. other than the former one(s); different
"new picture" -> different picture? Or novel picture?
"painting a new and startling picture" -> novel.
I will choose 2.
Wait, let's look at sense 2 again. "the computer produced a completely novel proof".
"new" in "new picture" might be sense 2.
Let's consider sense 5: "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it". This is about replacement.
"new picture" is not necessarily a replacement, but a novel one. So sense 2 is more appropriate.
Let's choose 2.
Wait, "new" as in "new experiences" is sense 11 (unfamiliar).
"new picture" -> novel. Sense 2.
Let's double check. "painting a new and startling picture" -> novel.
I'll go with 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how <t>cancer</t> develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how <t>cancer</t> develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The context clearly refers to the disease, malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
Candidate sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develops
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer <t>develops</t>. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer <t>develops</t>."
The target word is "develops".
The context talks about cancer coming into existence, taking on form, or growing/progressing.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. make something new (product, creation)
2. work out (theory)
3. gain through experience
4. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features)
5. come into existence; take on form or shape (originate, arise, spring up, grow)
6. change the use of and make available
7. elaborate theories
8. create by training
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment (A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower)
11. become technologically advanced
12. cause to grow and differentiate
13. generate gradually
14. grow emotionally or mature
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions
16. superimpose a 3D surface
17. move pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
18. move into a strategically more advantageous position
19. elaborate by unfolding of a musical idea
20. happen (break, recrudesce)
21. expand in the form of a series

Wait, "how cancer develops" - cancer comes into existence, takes on form or shape, or grows/progresses.
Let's check sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" (originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow). Examples: A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship.
Let's check sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment". Examples: A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower.
Let's check sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". Examples: He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains.
Wait, "how cancer develops" means how it grows, progresses, unfolds, or evolves.
Or maybe sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
Let's consider "how cancer develops". Cancer is a disease. Does it "come into existence" or "grow, progress, unfold"?
"how cancer develops" -> how it grows, progresses, evolves.
Let's look at sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Is there a better fit?
What about sense 5? "come into existence; take on form or shape".
Let's search for "how cancer develops" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, cancer "develops" as in it grows or progresses.
Wait, let's look at sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Let's look at sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
Let's look at sense 20: "happen" (break, recrudesce). "Report the news as it develops".
Let's look at sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)". "The patient developed abdominal pains".
In the context: "unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
"chaotic growth of cells" -> "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Wait, sense 10 is "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Let's check sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
Is cancer "coming into existence"? Yes, but "chaotic growth of cells" points to growth/progression.
Let's check sense 10 again. "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower".
What about sense 5? "A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship".
What about sense 4? "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains".
What about sense 10 vs 5?
"how cancer develops" -> how it grows and progresses.
Let's consider "develop" in the context of a disease. "The disease developed rapidly."
In WordNet, "develop" for a disease or condition might be sense 10 or sense 4.
Wait, "The patient developed abdominal pains" is sense 4. But here it's "how cancer develops", not "the patient developed cancer".
"how cancer develops" -> how it grows, progresses, unfolds.
Let's look at sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Let's look at sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
Let's look at sense 10. "A flower developed on the branch".
Is there a sense for "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve"? Yes, sense 10.
Let's check sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Could it be sense 10? Yes.
Let's check sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape".
"how cancer develops" -> how it comes into existence and grows.
Let's search my internal knowledge for "how cancer develops" WordNet sense.
"develop" (v)
1. make something new...
2. work out
3. gain through experience
4. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)
5. come into existence; take on form or shape
6. change the use of and make available or usable
7. elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
8. create by training and teaching
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
11. become technologically advanced
12. cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
13. generate gradually
14. grow emotionally or mature
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions
16. superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
18. move into a strategically more advantageous position
19. elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme
20. happen
21. expand in the form of a series

"how cancer develops" -> "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Wait, "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer" -> "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Let's consider sense 10.
Is there any other sense?
"come into existence; take on form or shape" (sense 5).
"how cancer develops" - does it mean how it originates or how it grows? "unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer... how cancer develops." This implies the process of growth and progression.
Therefore, sense 10 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Examples: "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower".
Another option: sense 5 "come into existence; take on form or shape".
But "chaotic growth" strongly aligns with "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve".
I will go with 10.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops."
"how cancer develops" = how it grows and progresses.
Sense 10 fits perfectly.
Let's consider if "develop" here means "happen" (sense 20). "Report the news as it develops". No.
Sense 10 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the definition of sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment".
Yes, "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve" matches "chaotic growth of cells".
I'll select 10.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: understanding
Target surface form: understanding
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging <t>understanding</t> of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=understanding%1:09:01:: | definition=the cognitive condition of someone who understands | synonyms=apprehension, discernment, savvy | examples=he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect
2. sense_key=understanding%1:10:00:: | definition=the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises | synonyms=agreement | examples=they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business; there was an understanding between management and the workers
3. sense_key=understanding%1:09:03:: | definition=an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion | synonyms=sympathy | examples=his sympathies were always with the underdog; I knew I could count on his understanding
4. sense_key=understanding%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=reason, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "understanding" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The context talks about medical scientists uncovering genes, painting a new picture of how cancer develops, and an emerging understanding of the genes.
This refers to the cognitive condition of someone who understands, or the knowledge/comprehension of the genes.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=understanding%1:09:01:: | definition=the cognitive condition of someone who understands | synonyms=apprehension, discernment, savvy | examples=he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect
2. sense_key=understanding%1:10:00:: | definition=the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises | synonyms=agreement
3. sense_key=understanding%1:09:03:: | definition=an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion | synonyms=sympathy
4. sense_key=understanding%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=reason, intellect

Sense 1 fits best: "the cognitive condition of someone who understands" (comprehension, knowledge). "An emerging understanding of the genes" means an emerging comprehension or knowledge of the genes.
Sense 4 is "capacity for rational thought", which is a general faculty, not specific knowledge of something.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "understanding of the genes" -> comprehension of the genes.
Sense 1: "he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect" -> "understanding of the genes". Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expected
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is <t>expected</t> to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "expected" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The meaning is that scientists regard it as probable or likely that an emerging understanding of the genes will produce new strategies.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. regard something as probable or likely (anticipate) - "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow"
2. consider obligatory; request and expect (ask, require)
3. look forward to the probable occurrence of (look, await, wait)
4. consider reasonable or due
5. look forward to the birth of a child
6. be pregnant with

Sense 1 fits best: "regard something as probable or likely". The emerging understanding is anticipated/expected to produce new strategies.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: regard something as probable or likely.
Sense 3: look forward to the probable occurrence of.
"expected to produce" -> it is probable or likely to produce.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples: "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow" -> "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce..."
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: produce
Target surface form: produce
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to <t>produce</t> an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=produce%2:36:02:: | definition=bring forth or yield | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The tree would not produce fruit
2. sense_key=produce%2:36:00:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=make, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
3. sense_key=produce%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen, occur or exist | synonyms=bring about, give rise | examples=This procedure produces a curious effect; The new law gave rise to many complaints
4. sense_key=produce%2:39:01:: | definition=bring out for display | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The proud father produced many pictures of his baby; The accused brought forth a letter in court that he claims exonerates him
5. sense_key=produce%2:36:05:: | definition=cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques | synonyms=grow, raise, farm | examples=The Bordeaux region produces great red wines; They produce good ham in Parma
6. sense_key=produce%2:39:00:: | definition=bring onto the market or release | synonyms=bring on, bring out | examples=produce a movie; bring out a book
7. sense_key=produce%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "produce" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The meaning here is to cause to happen, occur, or exist (i.e., to bring about or give rise to new strategies).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. bring forth or yield (The tree would not produce fruit)
2. create or manufacture a man-made product (We produce more cars than we can sell)
3. cause to happen, occur or exist (This procedure produces a curious effect; The new law gave rise to many complaints)
4. bring out for display
5. cultivate by growing
6. bring onto the market or release
7. come to have or undergo a change of

Sense 3 fits best: "cause to happen, occur or exist" -> "produce an array of new strategies".
Synonyms: bring about, give rise.
Context: "expected to produce an array of new strategies" -> expected to cause an array of new strategies to exist/happen.

Let's double check.
"produce an array of new strategies" -> cause to happen, occur or exist.
Sense 3 is the best match.
Sense 1 is more about yielding (like fruit).
Sense 2 is manufacturing.
Sense 3 is causing to happen or exist.

I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: array
Target surface form: array
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an <t>array</t> of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=array%1:14:00:: | definition=an orderly arrangement | examples=an array of troops in battle order
2. sense_key=array%1:10:00:: | definition=an impressive display | examples=it was a bewildering array of books; his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall
3. sense_key=array%1:06:01:: | definition=especially fine or decorative clothing | synonyms=raiment, regalia
4. sense_key=array%1:06:00:: | definition=an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "array" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The phrase is "an array of new strategies".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=array%1:14:00:: | definition=an orderly arrangement | examples=an array of troops in battle order
2. sense_key=array%1:10:00:: | definition=an impressive display | examples=it was a bewildering array of books; his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall
3. sense_key=array%1:06:01:: | definition=especially fine or decorative clothing | synonyms=raiment, regalia
4. sense_key=array%1:06:00:: | definition=an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristics

"an array of new strategies" means an impressive display or a large number/variety of something.
Sense 2: "an impressive display" with examples "a bewildering array of books". This fits "an array of new strategies" perfectly.
Sense 1 is more about an orderly arrangement (like troops).
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "an array of new strategies" -> an impressive display / a large number.
Sense 2 is array%1:10:00::.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.