[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin <t>survived</t> for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survived" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The context is about patients living through a disease (cancer) or continuing to live for a certain duration.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. continue to live through hardship or adversity (last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up). Example: We went without water and food for 3 days.
2. continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) (pull through, pull round, come through, make it). Example: He survived the cancer against all odds.
3. support oneself (exist, live, subsist). Example: he could barely exist on such a low wage.
4. live longer than (outlive, outlast). Example: She outlived her husband by many years.

Wait, the context says "survived for an average of 12.1 months". This means they continued to live for that duration.
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity. "survived for an average of 12.1 months" fits "continue to live through hardship or adversity" or just "continue to live".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "We went without water and food for 3 days" -> "survived for 3 days".
Sense 2 is transitive or intransitive with "after" or "through" an adversity, e.g., "survived the cancer". Here it's "survived for an average of 12.1 months".
Sense 1 fits "survived for [duration]".
Let's re-read sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity". Synonyms: last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up.
"Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months" -> they lived for 12.1 months.
Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity.
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.).
The sentence is "survived for an average of 12.1 months". This is intransitive, indicating duration of living.
Sense 1 is "continue to live through hardship or adversity".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: survive%2:42:01::
Let's see: "survived for an average of 12.1 months" -> "lasted for an average of 12.1 months".
Synonyms for sense 1 include "last".
Yes, "last" is a synonym for sense 1. "Patients ... lasted for an average of 12.1 months".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
Context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months"
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity.
I will choose 1.
End of thought.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The word "average" here refers to a statistic describing the location of a distribution (mean survival time).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

In the context, "an average of 12.1 months" is a statistical measure (mean).
Sense 1 is "a statistic describing the location of a distribution".
Sense 3 is "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual".
The context is a medical study reporting a statistical measure of survival time. "average of 12.1 months" is a statistic describing the location of a distribution (the mean).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "average of 12.1 months" -> statistic describing the location of a distribution.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the phrasing: "an average of 12.1 months". This is a statistic.
Sense 1: a statistic describing the location of a distribution.
Sense 3: an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual.
Sense 1 is the correct sense for a statistical average (mean).
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 <t>months</t>, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The context refers to a duration of time, specifically an average survival time of 12.1 months.
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (e.g., "last month").
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days (e.g., "he was given a month to pay the bill").
The context is talking about a duration of time (survival time), which aligns with Sense 2 (a time unit of approximately 30 days).
Therefore, the best sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "compared" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The context is about examining and noting the similarities or differences of two things (survival times of two groups).
Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of. Example: John compared his haircut to his friend's.
Sense 2: be comparable. Example: This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes.
Sense 3: consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous. Example: We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans.
Sense 4: to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb.

In the context, "compared with" means examining and noting the differences (12.1 months vs 9.3 months).
This matches Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of.
Let's double check. "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
This is an active comparison of two values to note the difference.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1: compare%2:31:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 <t>months</t> in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The context refers to a duration of time, specifically an average survival time of 12.1 months.
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (e.g., "he paid the bill last month")
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days (e.g., "he was given a month to pay the bill")

The context is talking about a duration of time (survival time), not a specific calendar month.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the <t>treatment</t> of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "treatment" in the context: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
The context is clearly medical, referring to the care provided to improve a situation, specifically medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness or injury.
Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention.
Sense 2: the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling.
Sense 3: a manner of dealing with something artistically.
Sense 4: an extended communication dealing with some particular topic.

The context is about medical treatment of patients with lung cancer.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of <t>patients</t> with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of a medical study involving people receiving chemotherapy and anticancer medicine.
The context mentions "patients who had not received chemotherapy", "how long the patients survived", "patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma", "Patients receiving Alimta".
This clearly refers to people who require medical care.
Candidate sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (patient%1:18:00::)
Candidate sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (patient%1:10:00::)

Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cell" in the context of "non-small cell lung cancer".
"non-small cell lung cancer" refers to a type of cancer that originates in the cells of the lung.
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This perfectly matches the biological context of "cell" in "non-small cell lung cancer".
Let's double check.
"non-small cell lung cancer" -> cancer of the cells in the lung.
Sense 2 is the biological cell.
Sense 1: small compartment.
Sense 3: electric cell.
Sense 4: political movement.
Sense 5: mobile phone.
Sense 6: monk's room.
Sense 7: prison cell.

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.
Context: "non-small cell lung cancer"
Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "effective" in the context: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
The context is about a medical treatment (Alimta) and its ability to produce the intended result (survival time, treating cancer).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect (effectual, efficacious)
2. able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively (efficient)
3. works well as a means or remedy (efficacious)
4. exerting force or influence (operative)
5. existing in fact; not theoretical; real (actual)
6. ready for service (operational)

Wait, sense 1 is "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect".
Sense 3 is "works well as a means or remedy".
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat".
Wait, sense 1 examples: "an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods".
Is "effective" in "Alimta was as effective as the comparators" more like sense 1 or sense 3?
Actually, sense 1 is "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect".
Sense 3 is "works well as a means or remedy".
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: effectual, efficacious
Sense 3: (no synonyms listed, but definition is "works well as a means or remedy")
Wait, "effective" in medical contexts often aligns with "works well as a means or remedy" (sense 3) or "producing an intended result" (sense 1).
Let's re-read the context: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Let's check WordNet for "effective".
Sense 1: producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect.
Sense 3: works well as a means or remedy.
Wait, "effective" as an adjective meaning "works well as a means or remedy" is often used for medicines, treatments, etc.
Let's see: "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" is sense 3.
"Alimta was as effective as the comparators" -> Alimta is a medicine/treatment.
So sense 3 is highly likely.
Let's check sense 1: "effective teaching methods".
Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy".
Since Alimta is a medicine/treatment, sense 3 fits perfectly.
Let's double check if there's any other.
"effective" in "Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
Synonyms for sense 3: none listed, but definition is "works well as a means or remedy".
Wait, sense 1 has "efficacious" as a synonym.
Is "effective" in this context "works well as a means or remedy"? Yes, it's a treatment.
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect.
Sense 3: works well as a means or remedy.
In WordNet, "effective" (adj) has:
1. producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect
2. able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively
3. works well as a means or remedy
4. exerting force or influence
5. existing in fact; not theoretical; real
6. ready for service

"Alimta was as effective as the comparators." -> Alimta is a treatment. "works well as a means or remedy" fits "treatment of patients".
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's look at the exact phrase: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators."
"treatment" -> "remedy".
Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy".
I'll go with 3.
Let's review sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect".
Sense 3 is specifically "works well as a means or remedy".
Given the medical context (treatment, medicine), sense 3 is the most specific and accurate.
Let's confirm.
"effective" in "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" -> sense 3.
"Alimta was as effective as the comparators" -> sense 3.
Yes, 3 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 1. But sense 3 is specifically for "remedy".
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical studies, survival time, and treatment with Alimta.
The context mentions "patients survived", "patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma", "Patients receiving Alimta", "treatment of patients".
This clearly refers to a person who requires medical care.
Candidate sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (patient%1:18:00::)
Candidate sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" (patient%1:10:00::)

Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "past" in the context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta..."
The word "past" here refers to the time that has elapsed, a previous time.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the time that has elapsed". "in the past" means in the time that has elapsed.
Sense 2 is about a person's secret history.
Sense 3 is about grammar.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." and "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta".
The context is talking about statistical averages (mean survival time).
Sense 1: approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age.
Sense 2: lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered.
Sense 3: lacking exceptional quality or ability.
Sense 4: around the middle of a scale of evaluation.
Sense 5: relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution (modal).
Sense 6: relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (median).

The context clearly refers to the statistical mean (average survival time).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "average of 12.1 months" -> mean.
Sense 1 is "average%5:00:02:normal:01".
Index is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" in the context of "average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta".
The context is about how long patients survived, i.e., remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive (endurance)
Sense 2: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (survival of the fittest)
Sense 3: something that survives

The context clearly refers to the state of surviving or remaining alive (how long the patients survived).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "survival time" -> time of remaining alive.
Sense 1: survival%1:26:00::
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
The context is talking about a period of time (survival time, measured in months).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. instance or single occasion
2. a period of time considered as a resource
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) - wait, "survival time" is a period of time. Let's check other senses.
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past.
Wait, let's look at sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Is there a better sense?
What about "time%1:28:00::"?
Let's re-read the context: "average survival time was 8.3 months". This is a period of time.
Wait, let's check sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is there a sense for "duration"?
Let's check the WordNet senses for "time".
time%1:28:00:: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
time%1:28:05:: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something"
time%1:03:00:: "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past"
Wait, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's consider "time%1:28:00::" (sense 3).
Is there another sense?
"time%1:28:00::" is often used for "a period of time".
Let's check the examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Wait, could it be sense 3? Yes, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's check if there is a "duration" sense.
"time%1:28:00::" is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Wait, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's look at sense 3 again.
Is there any other sense?
"time%1:28:00::" is the most general "period of time" sense.
Let's check sense 3.
"average survival time" -> a period of time.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's review sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is "survival time" an indefinite period? It's a period of time.
What about sense 5? "the continuum of experience..." No.
What about sense 3? Yes, "time" as a period.
Let's choose 3.
Wait, let's look at the context: "average survival time was 8.3 months".
"time" here means a period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
I'll go with 3.
Let's double check if there's any other.
1. instance
2. resource
3. period
4. suitable moment
5. continuum
6. experience
7. reading of a clock
8. fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. prison term

Sense 3 is the best fit for "period of time" like "survival time".
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context of "average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta".
The context is talking about a duration of time, specifically an average survival time of 8.3 months.
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (e.g., last month).
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days (e.g., given a month to pay the bill).
The context refers to a duration of time (8.3 months), which aligns with Sense 2 (a time unit of approximately 30 days).
Therefore, the best sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "compared" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
The context is comparing the survival time of two groups of patients.
Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of. (John compared his haircut to his friend's)
Sense 2: be comparable. (This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes)
Sense 3: consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous. (We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans)
Sense 4: to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb.

In the context, "compared with" means examining and noting the differences (12.1 months vs 9.3 months).
Wait, "compared with" is often used to note differences or similarities.
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie".
Is it Sense 1? Yes, examining and noting the similarities or differences of.
Let's re-read the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
This is an active comparison of two quantities to note the difference.
Sense 1 fits best.
Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 3. Sense 3 is "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" (liken, equate). Here, they are not being likened or equated; they are being contrasted/compared to show a difference (12.1 vs 9.3).
So Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context of "average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
The context is talking about a duration of time (survival time), not a specific calendar month.
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days.
The context clearly refers to a duration of time (8.3 months, 7.9 months), which aligns with sense 2.
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical care ("survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma", "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin", "treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer").
Sense 1: a person who requires medical care.
Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (treatment, survival time, chemotherapy).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "past" in the context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
The context refers to a previous time period, specifically the time that has elapsed before the current point in the study.
Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" (synonyms: past times, yesteryear; examples: forget the past).
Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)".
Sense 3: "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past".

The context clearly refers to "the time that has elapsed" (Sense 1).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

The word "average" here refers to the statistical mean or expected value of survival time.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Sense 1 is "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with synonym "mean". This perfectly matches "average survival time" which is a statistical mean.

Let's double check.
"average survival time" -> statistical mean.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1: approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value.
Yes.
Format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" in the context of "average survival time was 10.3 months".
The context is about patients surviving for a certain amount of time (remaining alive).
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive (endurance).
Sense 2: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (survival of the fittest).
Sense 3: something that survives.

The context clearly refers to the state of surviving or remaining alive (survival time).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"survival time" -> time of remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
The phrase is "survival time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. a suitable moment
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

Wait, "survival time" refers to a period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Wait, could it be sense 5? "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past"
Or sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Let's check WordNet for "survival time".
Actually, "time" as a period.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Let's see: "survival time" is a period of time.
Is there a better sense?
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Wait, "survival time" is a period.
Let's check sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
What about sense 5? "the continuum of experience..."
What about sense 2? "a period of time considered as a resource..."
What about sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Let's consider "survival time". It's a period.
In WordNet, "time" as a period is sense 3.
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
"survival time" is a period of time.
Let's look at sense 3 again. "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is there any other sense?
"survival time" -> period of time.
Sense 3 is the most appropriate for "a period of time".
Let's double check.
"average survival time was 10.3 months" -> a period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Wait, "10.3 months" is a definite period, but WordNet gloss says "indefinite period".
Is there a sense for "a definite period"?
No, sense 3 is the general "period of time" sense.
Let's check sense 5: "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past".
Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"survival time" is a period.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's review sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Could it be sense 5? No, sense 5 is the abstract continuum.
Could it be sense 3? Yes, "time" as a period.
Let's consider "survival time". It's a duration.
I'll go with 3.
Wait, let's look at the context: "average survival time was 10.3 months".
This is a period of time.
Sense 3 is the best match.
Let's confirm.
"he waited a long time" -> period.
"the time of year for planting" -> period.
"survival time" -> period.
Yes, 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context of "survived for an average of 12.1 months", "9.3 months", "8.3 months", "7.9 months", "10.3 months".
This refers to a duration of time, approximately 30 days each, not a specific calendar month (like January, February).
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month).
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days.
The context clearly indicates a duration of time (survival time), so Sense 2 is the correct choice.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: groups
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "groups" in the context of a medical study comparing survival times of patients receiving different treatments.
"In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
Here, "groups" refers to the sets of patients receiving different treatments (Alimta vs. comparator).
Sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" (grouping). This fits perfectly, as it refers to groups of patients.
Sense 2: chemistry group. Not applicable.
Sense 3: mathematical group. Not applicable.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: However
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "However".
Context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The word "However" is used to introduce a contrast or a concession.
Wait, let's look at the candidate senses:
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so
2. by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. to whatever degree or extent
4. in whatever way or manner

In the context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
This is a contrast. "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."
Wait, "However" here means "by contrast; on the other hand" or "despite anything to the contrary"?
Let's see: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
Is it "despite anything to the contrary" (nevertheless) or "by contrast; on the other hand"?
The previous sentence says "the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups." (no difference).
"However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
This is a contrast to the previous statement of no difference.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours". This is a contrast.
Sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed". This is a concession.
Here, there is no explicit concession (like "although"). It's just a contrast to the previous statement.
Wait, let's look at the next sentence: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
The use of "However" here is to introduce a contrasting point.
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
Sense 2: by contrast; on the other hand
The context says: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
This is a contrast. "On the other hand, in both studies..."
Let's check if there is a concession. "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups." This is a fact. "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..."
This is a contrast.
Let's look at similar examples in WordNet. "by contrast; on the other hand" is sense 2.
Is it sense 1 or 2?
"However" at the beginning of a sentence often means "nevertheless" (sense 1) or "on the other hand" (sense 2).
If it's "despite anything to the contrary", it implies a concession. There is no concession here. It's just a contrast.
Let's choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
This is a contrast to the "10.3 months in both groups" (which implies no difference).
So "by contrast; on the other hand" fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)". There is no concession.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
2. by contrast; on the other hand
3. to whatever degree or extent
4. in whatever way or manner

I will go with 2.
Wait, could it be 1? "However" is often used as "nevertheless". But "by contrast" is exactly what it is doing here.
Let's consider "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..."
Yes, sense 2.
Let's confirm the sense index.
sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "studies" in the context: "However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
The context is discussing medical research, specifically clinical trials or research reports comparing survival times of patients receiving different treatments.
The word "studies" here refers to written documents or research reports describing the findings of some individual or group (e.g., clinical studies).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. detailed critical inspection (survey)
2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report) - "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
4. a state of deep mental absorption
5. a room used for reading and writing and studying
6. a branch of knowledge
7. preliminary drawing for later elaboration
8. attentive consideration and meditation
9. someone who memorizes quickly and easily
10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Sense 3 fits perfectly: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (or the research project itself, often referred to as a study/report). In medical contexts, "studies" refers to clinical studies or research reports.
Let's double check. "in both studies, patients whose cancer..." refers to the two clinical trials/research reports mentioned earlier (malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer).
Therefore, sense 3 is the best match.
Sense 3: study%1:10:00::
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical treatment ("Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma...").
The candidate senses are:
1. a person who requires medical care
2. the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (treatment for cancer, survival time, chemotherapy).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.