[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: no
Target surface form: no
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may <t>no</t> longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "no" in the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
The phrase is "no longer".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Wait, "no longer" is a phrase. "no" here modifies "longer".
Is it sense 1? "no more" is a synonym for sense 1. "no longer" is similar to "no more".
Let's check the examples: "he was no heavier than a child" -> "no" modifies the comparative.
In "no longer", "no" modifies "longer" (which is a comparative of long).
Wait, "no longer" means "not any longer".
Let's see: "no longer" is an adverbial phrase.
Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present", synonyms: "no more".
Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all", examples: "he is no better today".
Wait, "no longer" is often treated as "no" modifying "longer".
Let's check WordNet for "no".
no%4:02:02:: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" -> synonyms: no more.
"no longer" is very similar to "no more".
Let's consider "no longer". "no" is an adverb here.
"no longer" = not any longer.
Is "no" in "no longer" sense 1 or 2?
"no longer" -> "no" modifies "longer". "longer" is a comparative.
Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" -> synonyms: no more.
Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all" -> examples: he is no better today.
Wait, "no better" is also modifying a comparative.
But "no more" is explicitly listed as a synonym for sense 1.
"no longer" is synonymous with "no more".
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: "no more".
"no longer" is basically "no more".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"no longer" -> "no" + "longer".
"no more" -> "no" + "more".
Both are adverbial phrases where "no" modifies a comparative.
Sense 1 definition: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present".
Synonyms: no more.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority..."
"no longer" = not any longer.
Is "no" sense 1? Yes, "no more" is a synonym.
Let's check if there is a "no longer" synonym. No, but "no more" is there.
I'll go with 1.
Wait, let's look at sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all". Example: "he is no better today".
"no better" is also modifying a comparative.
But "no more" is explicitly a synonym for sense 1.
"no longer" is a fixed phrase, but "no" here is the same as in "no more".
I will output 1.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

"no longer" is an adverb meaning "not any more".
"no more" is a synonym for sense 1.
So sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will output 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: high
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as <t>high</t> a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "high" in the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
The phrase is "high a priority".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount (a high temperature; a high price)
2. (literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension
3. standing above others in quality or position (eminent)
4. used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency
5. happy and excited and energetic
6. (used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted
7. slightly and pleasantly intoxicated

"high priority" means a priority of greater degree or importance.
Sense 1: "greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount" -> "a high priority" fits this perfectly. A high priority is a priority of high degree.
Let's double check.
"high priority" -> high degree of priority.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 1: "a high temperature; a high price". "a high priority" is analogous.
Sense 3: "standing above others in quality or position" -> "people in high places; the high priest". Not applicable to "priority".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.
Wait, let's verify if "high priority" could be sense 1. Yes, "high" modifying "priority" means a high degree of priority.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: priority
Target surface form: priority
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a <t>priority</t> in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=priority%1:26:00:: | definition=status established in order of importance or urgency | synonyms=precedence, precedency | examples=...its precedence as the world's leading manufacturer of pharmaceuticals; national independence takes priority over class struggle
2. sense_key=priority%1:07:00:: | definition=preceding in time | synonyms=antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedence, precedency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "priority".
Context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
Candidate senses:
1. status established in order of importance or urgency (precedence, precedency)
2. preceding in time (antecedence, antecedency, anteriority, precedence, precedency)

In the context, "high a priority" refers to the importance or urgency of bell ringing in church life.
Sense 1 fits perfectly: "status established in order of importance or urgency".
Sense 2 is about time, which doesn't fit "high a priority".

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in <t>church</t> life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "church" in the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
The context talks about "church life and experience", referring to the community, the body of people, or the institution of the church.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship (Christian church)
2. a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)
3. a service conducted in a house of worship (church service)
4. the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

Wait, "church life and experience" refers to the life of the church community or the institution.
Sense 4: "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church"
Sense 1: "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship"

Let's read the context again: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
"church life" usually refers to the life of the congregation or the body of people.
Is it sense 4? "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church"
Or sense 1? "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship"

Let's check WordNet for "church life".
Actually, "church" in "church life" often refers to the community or the institution.
Sense 4: "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church"
Let's see: "our church is hosting a picnic next week"
"church life and experience" -> the life of the church (the body of people).
Wait, "church" as an institution or the body of people.
Could it be sense 4? Yes, "church life" = the life of the church (the congregation/body of people).
Let's consider sense 4.

Let's look at the synonyms and definitions.
Sense 1: Christian church (the institution as a whole, or a denomination).
Sense 4: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church.

"priority in church life and experience" -> the life of the local church or the church community.
I will choose sense 4.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
This refers to the life of the church community.
Sense 4 fits "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church".

Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Sense 1: one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship.
Sense 4: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church.

"church life" is a common collocation referring to the activities and life of the congregation.
Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.
Let's confirm.
"church life" -> life of the church (congregation).
I'll go with 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church <t>life</t> and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "life" in the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
The phrase is "church life".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

"church life" refers to a characteristic state or mode of living, similar to "social life" or "city life".
Sense 1: "a characteristic state or mode of living" with examples "social life; city life". This perfectly matches "church life".
Let's double check.
"church life" -> a characteristic state or mode of living.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 2 "the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities". But "church life" is a specific mode of living, like "social life", "city life", "family life".
Sense 1 is definitely the best.
Context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
"church life" = a characteristic state or mode of living.
Sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experience
Target surface form: experience
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and <t>experience</t>. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher
2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly
3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "experience" in the context: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
The context talks about church life and the experience of it.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. experience%1:09:01:: - the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities (e.g., a man of experience)
2. experience%1:09:00:: - the content of direct observation or participation in an event (e.g., he had a religious experience)
3. experience%1:11:00:: - an event as apprehended (e.g., a surprising experience)

Wait, "church life and experience" refers to the content of direct observation or participation in an event, or the accumulation of knowledge/skill?
Actually, "church life and experience" refers to the lived experience, the content of direct observation or participation in an event (sense 2).
Let's re-read carefully: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
"experience" here means the lived experience of the church, the content of direct observation or participation in an event.
Wait, let's consider sense 1: "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities". Does "church life and experience" mean the accumulated knowledge/skill? No, it means the lived experience, the content of direct observation or participation.
Let's check sense 2: "the content of direct observation or participation in an event". "he had a religious experience". "church life and experience" fits this well.
Wait, could it be sense 1? "experience" as in "life and experience".
Let's search for similar phrases. "life and experience" often refers to the content of direct observation or participation.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: experience.
Synonyms for sense 1: experience.
Is there a better fit?
"church life and experience" -> the lived experience, the content of direct observation or participation in an event.
Let's consider "experience" as "the content of direct observation or participation in an event".
Yes, "church life and experience" means the experience of the church, the content of direct observation or participation.
Let's choose 2.
Wait, let's re-evaluate sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: accumulation of knowledge or skill.
Sense 2: content of direct observation or participation in an event.
"church life and experience" -> the experience of church life. This is the content of direct observation or participation.
I will go with 2.
Let's double check. "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
This means in the life of the church and the experience of it.
Sense 2 is "the content of direct observation or participation in an event".
I'll output 2.
Wait, could it be 1? "experience" as in "life and experience" (like "life and times"). No, "life and experience" is a common collocation meaning the things one has experienced.
I'll select 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attack
Target surface form: attacking
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also <t>attacking</t> the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attack%2:33:00:: | definition=launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with | synonyms=assail | examples=Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II; Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week
2. sense_key=attack%2:32:00:: | definition=attack in speech or writing | synonyms=round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault | examples=The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker
3. sense_key=attack%2:33:01:: | definition=take the initiative and go on the offensive | synonyms=aggress | examples=The Serbs attacked the village at night; The visiting team started to attack
4. sense_key=attack%2:33:02:: | definition=attack someone physically or emotionally | synonyms=assail, assault, set on | examples=The mugger assaulted the woman; Nightmares assailed him regularly
5. sense_key=attack%2:30:00:: | definition=set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task | examples=I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed
6. sense_key=attack%2:29:00:: | definition=begin to injure | examples=The cancer cells are attacking his liver; Rust is attacking the metal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "attacking" in the context: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
The context is about addressing or tackling a problem (lack of ringers).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with
2. attack in speech or writing
3. take the initiative and go on the offensive
4. attack someone physically or emotionally
5. set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task
6. begin to injure

"attacking the greater problem" means setting to work upon it, turning one's energies vigorously to a task.
Sense 5: "set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task"
Examples: "I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed"
This perfectly matches "attacking the greater problem".

Let's double check.
"Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
Sense 5 is the best fit.
Sense index: 5.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater <t>problem</t>: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "problem".
Context: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
The problem is "lack of ringers", which is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, or a source of difficulty.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (synonyms: job)
2. a question raised for consideration or solution (e.g., math problems)
3. a source of difficulty (synonyms: trouble)

"attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
Is it a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, or a source of difficulty?
"lack of ringers" is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms and examples.
Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him"
Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"

"attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
"lack of ringers" is a source of difficulty or a state of difficulty?
Actually, "problem" meaning "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" fits "attacking the greater problem".
Let's check WordNet.
problem%1:26:00:: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
problem%1:09:00:: "a source of difficulty"

"attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
Is "lack of ringers" a source of difficulty or a state of difficulty?
"attacking the problem" -> resolving the difficulty.
Let's consider "problem" as "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
Wait, sense 1 is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
Sense 3 is "a source of difficulty".
"lack of ringers" is the problem itself, a state of difficulty.
Let's see: "attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
Could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's check if there's any other nuance. "lack of ringers" is a state of difficulty.
"problem" in "attacking the greater problem" -> a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
"lack of ringers" is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's choose 1.
Wait, "problem" as "a source of difficulty" (trouble). "The problem is lack of ringers."
Is "lack of ringers" a source of difficulty? Yes, it causes difficulty. But "attacking the problem" implies resolving it.
Let's look at similar examples. "The problem is that we don't have enough money." -> state of difficulty.
I'll go with 1.
Let's double check.
"problem"
1. a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
3. a source of difficulty
"attacking the greater problem" -> resolving it.
I'll output 1.
Wait, "lack of ringers" is a state of difficulty.
Let's output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of <t>ringers</t>. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of church bell ringing.
Context: "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers... lack of <t>ringers</t>. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
Candidate senses:
1. a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. a person who is almost identical to another
3. a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Sense 1 is the best match.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One <t>survey</t> says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survey".
Context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
This refers to a study or detailed critical inspection of a population (bellringers) to gather data.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight

Sense 1 fits best, as it is a study or detailed inspection (a statistical survey).
Let's double check. "One survey says that..." -> a study.
Sense 1 is "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "study".
Sense 2 is "short descriptive summary".
Sense 3 is "the act of looking or seeing or observing".

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
The subject is "One survey".
The verb is "says".
The object is "that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
This means the survey reports or maintains this fact.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. express in words (state, tell) - He said that he wanted to marry her.
2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war.
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (read) - The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
11. indicate - The clock says noon.

Wait, "One survey says that..."
Is it "report or maintain" (sense 2) or "indicate" (sense 11) or "express in words" (sense 1)?
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain". Synonyms: allege, aver. Examples: He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war.
Wait, "survey says" is often "indicate" or "report".
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain".
Let's check sense 1: "express in words".
Let's check sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form".
Let's check sense 11: "indicate". Example: The clock says noon.

Wait, "One survey says that..."
Could it be sense 2? "report or maintain".
Let's look at WordNet for "say".
say%2:32:01:: report or maintain.
say%2:32:00:: express in words.
say%2:32:09:: indicate.

Is "survey says" sense 2?
"report or maintain" fits "survey says".
Let's consider "report or maintain". A survey reports something.
Let's consider "indicate". "The clock says noon."
Let's consider "express in words".
Actually, "report or maintain" is often used for "say" in the sense of reporting a fact or claim.
"One survey says that..." -> The survey reports that...
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain".
Wait, could it be sense 1? "express in words".
Let's search for "survey says" in WordNet examples or similar.
"report or maintain" (sense 2) has synonyms: allege, aver.
Is there a better fit?
What about sense 2: "report or maintain"?
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver.
What about sense 1: state, tell.
"state" is a synonym for sense 1. "One survey states that..."
"report" is a synonym for sense 2. "One survey reports that..."
Let's look at the definition of sense 2: "report or maintain".
Let's look at the definition of sense 1: "express in words".
"state" is in sense 1.
"report" is in sense 2.
"One survey says that..." -> "One survey reports that..."
I will go with sense 2.

Let's rethink: does a survey "report" or "state"?
"report or maintain" (sense 2)
"express in words" (sense 1)
"indicate" (sense 11)
In WordNet, "say" meaning "report or maintain" is often used for "He said it was too late..."
Wait, "report or maintain" is sense 2.
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain".
Is there a sense for "indicate"? Sense 11: "indicate". Example: "The clock says noon."
Does a survey "indicate"? Yes, but "report" is more direct.
Let's check sense 2 again. "report or maintain".
Let's check sense 1. "express in words".
Actually, "say" in "One survey says" is very close to "report".
Let's choose sense 2.

Wait, let's look at the exact WordNet entry for "say".
say%2:32:01:: report or maintain
say%2:32:00:: express in words
say%2:32:09:: indicate
"One survey says that..."
If I use "report", it matches sense 2.
Let's consider "state" (sense 1). "One survey states that..."
But "report" is a direct synonym for sense 2.
Let's choose 2.
Wait, let's look at the examples for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
Is "survey says" more like "report"? Yes.
I'll go with 2.
Wait, let's consider sense 2 vs sense 1.
"express in words" (state, tell).
"report or maintain" (allege, aver).
A survey "reports" findings. So sense 2 is very appropriate.
Let's double check if there's any other sense.
"have or contain a certain wording or form" (read) - sense 4. "The survey reads that..." No.
"indicate" (sense 11) - "The survey indicates that..." This is also possible. But "report" is more specific to "say" in this context.
I will choose 2.
Wait, "report or maintain" is sense 2.
Let's choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bellringers
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained <t>bellringers</t> in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bellringers" (lemma: bell_ringer).
Context: "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars... lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
This clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Candidate senses:
1. a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. someone who plays musical handbells
3. something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal

Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "today".
Context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
Here, "today" means the present time or age, not specifically the current day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).
Sense 1: the present time or age (e.g., the world of today; today we have computers).
Sense 2: the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).

In the context, "in England today" refers to the present time/age, not the specific day.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today" -> in the present time.
Sense 1 is correct.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "only" in the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring."
The word "only" here means "and nothing more" or "merely", "just", "simply".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as

In the context, "only 40,000" means "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000". This matches sense 1.
"only 40,000 of them still ring" -> "merely 40,000 of them still ring".
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"only 40,000" -> "merely 40,000".
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "still" in the context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
The meaning here is "without change, interruption, or cessation" (they continue to ring).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "without change, interruption, or cessation" -> they continue to ring.
"only 40,000 of them still ring" -> they continue to ring.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Checking the format: {"sense_index": 1}.
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers", "bell ringing", "lack of ringers", "trained bellringers", "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung".
The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Candidate sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer".
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "always" in the context: "Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
The sentence means that ringers do not *in every case* or *without variation* live where the bells need to be rung.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. at all times; all the time and on every occasion (ever, e'er) - "I will always be there to help you"
2. without variation or change, in every case (constantly, invariably) - "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time"
3. without interruption (constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly) - "the world is constantly changing"
4. at any time or in any event - "you can always resign if you don't like it"
5. forever; throughout all time - "we will always be friends"

"do not always live" means "do not in every case live".
Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case" fits "do not always live" (i.e., it is not invariably the case that they live there).
Wait, "always" in "do not always" means "in every case".
Let's check sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case".
Is it sense 2?
"ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" -> it is not invariably the case that they live there.
Let's consider sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion".
Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case".
Actually, "always" in "do not always" is often sense 2 (invariably, in every case).
Let's look at WordNet:
always%4:02:00:: at all times; all the time and on every occasion
always%4:02:04:: without variation or change, in every case (constantly, invariably)
Wait, the prompt says:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
Wait, "always arrives on time" is in both 1 and 2? No, 1 has "always arrives on time" in the prompt?
Prompt:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
Wait, "always arrives on time" is in 1 and 2? Let me re-read the prompt.
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
Wait, in WordNet, "always" has:
always%4:02:00:: at all times; all the time and on every occasion ("I will always be there to help you"; "always arrives on time")
always%4:02:01:: forever; throughout all time ("we will always be friends"; "I shall treasure it always")
always%4:02:02:: at any time or in any event ("you can always resign if you don't like it"; "you could always take a day off")
always%4:02:03:: without interruption ("the world is constantly changing")
always%4:02:04:: without variation or change, in every case ("constantly kind and gracious"; "he always arrives on time")

Wait, "do not always live" -> "in every case".
"ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" -> it is not in every case that they live there.
So sense 2 is the best fit. "without variation or change, in every case".
Let's double check.
"do not always" = "not in every case".
Therefore, sense 2.
Let's review the prompt's examples for 2: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time".
Yes, "in every case" fits "do not always live".
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "live" in the context: "Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
The context talks about where the ringers reside or inhabit.
Sense 1: inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of (populate, dwell, inhabit). Example: People lived in Africa millions of years ago.
Sense 2: lead a certain kind of life.
Sense 3: continue to live through hardship.
Sense 4: support oneself.
Sense 5: have life, be alive.
Sense 6: have firsthand knowledge of.
Sense 7: pursue a positive and satisfying existence.

The context clearly refers to residing or dwelling in a place ("where the bells need to be rung").
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "live where the bells need to be rung" -> inhabit or dwell in a location.
Sense 1: inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bells" in the context of "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers", "joys of bell ringing", "The Bells in Your Care", "lack of ringers", "trained bellringers", "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung".
The context clearly refers to the physical hollow devices made of metal that make a ringing sound when struck, specifically church bells.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door...
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units...
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician...
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter...
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor...
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells...
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

The context talks about "where the bells need to be rung", "The Bells in Your Care". This refers to the physical objects (the hollow devices made of metal).
Sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".
Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck".
The phrase "where the bells need to be rung" implies the physical object is being rung. "The Bells in Your Care" also refers to the physical objects.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "where the bells need to be rung" -> the bells (objects) need to be rung.
Sense 1: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
Yes, sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "need" in the context: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
The phrase is "need to be rung".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

In the context, "the bells need to be rung", "need" means "require as useful, just, or proper" or "necessitate". The bells require being rung.
Wait, "need to be rung" is a modal-like usage or "require".
Sense 1: require as useful, just, or proper. Synonyms: necessitate, require, take, involve.
Sense 2: have need of. (e.g., This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner).
Sense 3: have or feel a need for. (e.g., always needing friends and money).

"the bells need to be rung" -> the bells require to be rung.
Is it sense 1? "require as useful, just, or proper".
Let's check WordNet for "need".
need%2:42:00:: require as useful, just, or proper: "It takes nerve to do what she did"; "success usually requires hard work"; "This job asks a lot of patience and skill"
need%2:34:00:: have need of: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
need%2:34:01:: have or feel a need for: "always needing friends and money"

In "the bells need to be rung", it's an impersonal or passive requirement. "The bells require to be rung."
Sense 1 fits "require as useful, just, or proper" or "necessitate".
Wait, sense 1 is "require as useful, just, or proper".
Let's see: "the bells need to be rung" -> the bells require to be rung.
Is it sense 1? Yes, "require" is a synonym for sense 1.
Let's double check.
"need to be rung" -> necessitate being rung.
Sense 1: require as useful, just, or proper.
I will choose 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve.
"require" is a synonym.
"the bells require to be rung" -> makes sense.
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "rung", which is the past participle of "ring".
The context is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
The subject is "bells". The action is "ring" (make bells ring).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sound loudly and sonorously (the bells rang) - intransitive
2. ring or echo with sound (the hall resounded) - intransitive
3. make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification (Ring the bells) - transitive. "where the bells need to be rung" is passive, so the active is "someone needs to ring the bells". This matches sense 3.
4. get into communication by telephone
5. extend on all sides
6. attach a ring to the foot of

Sense 3 is "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification". The context talks about "bellringers" and "ringing groups" and "where the bells need to be rung". This perfectly matches sense 3.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: "the bells rang" (intransitive).
Sense 3: "Ring the bells" (transitive).
The context says "where the bells need to be rung". This is a passive construction of a transitive verb: "ringers need to ring the bells".
Therefore, sense 3 is the correct one.
Sense index: 3.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "small" in the context: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
The phrase is "small, rural parishes".
This refers to parishes that are limited in size or scope, or perhaps limited in number or quantity or magnitude or extent.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (little) - a little dining room; a little house
2. limited in size or scope (minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized) - a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
5. low or inferior in station or quality (humble, low, lowly, modest) - a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
9. not large but sufficient in size or amount (modest) - a modest salary; modest inflation

Wait, "small, rural parishes" - parishes are places/communities.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent.
Sense 2: limited in size or scope.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house".
Sense 2: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation".
"small, rural parishes" - parishes are communities or areas. "small" here means limited in size or scope (population, area).
Wait, "small" modifying "parishes".
Could it be sense 1? "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".
Let's consider "small" as in "small town", "small parish".
In WordNet, "small" (adj) has:
- small (size)
- small (amount)
- small (young)
- small (minor/modest)
Let's look at sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" -> "a little dining room; a little house". This fits physical size or extent.
Sense 2: "limited in size or scope" -> "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation".
A parish is an administrative division or a community. "small, rural parishes" implies limited in size or scope (population, area).
Wait, "small" in "small, rural parishes" might be sense 1. Let's check WordNet for "small" adjective.
Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (syn: little). Examples: a little dining room, a little house.
Sense 2: "limited in size or scope" (syn: minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized). Examples: a small business, a newspaper with a modest circulation.
Is a parish more like a house (sense 1) or a business (sense 2)?
Actually, "small" in "small parishes" usually means limited in size or population.
Let's look at sense 1 again. "magnitude or extent". A parish has extent.
Let's look at sense 2. "limited in size or scope".
What about sense 1 vs sense 2?
"small, rural parishes" -> "small" is an adjective.
In WordNet, "small" (adj)
1. limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent; "a little dining room"; "a little house"; "a small car"; "a little (or small) group"
2. limited in size or scope; "a small business"; "a newspaper with a modest circulation"; "several small enterprises"; "small-scale plans for a suburban addition"
Wait, "a little (or small) group" is in sense 1. A parish is a group of people or a community.
"small, rural parishes" -> parishes are groups of people or areas.
Let's search for "small parish" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, sense 1 is the most general for physical size or extent. "a little house", "a small car", "a little group".
Sense 2 is more about "scope" or "scale" like "small business", "small-scale plans".
"small, rural parishes" - parishes are places/communities. "small" here means limited in size or extent.
Let's consider "small" as in "small town". "small town" is often sense 1.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house".
Is there any other sense?
"small" (adj)
1. limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent
2. limited in size or scope
"small, rural parishes" -> parishes are communities. "small" means having a small population or area. This is "limited in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" (sense 1) or "limited in size or scope" (sense 2).
Wait, "small" modifying "parishes". A parish is a district or community.
If I have to choose between 1 and 2, "small" in "small parishes" is likely sense 1, because it refers to the size/extent of the parish (like a little house, a small group).
Let's re-read sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".
Sense 2: "limited in size or scope".
"small, rural parishes" - parishes are places. Places have magnitude or extent.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: little. "a little parish".
Synonyms for sense 2: minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized. "a small-scale parish"? No. "a modest parish"? Maybe.
"a little parish" makes more sense than "a small-scale parish".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"small, rural parishes"
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "a little parish" is perfectly natural.
Could it be sense 2? "a small-scale parish" is not natural.
So sense 1 is the most appropriate.

Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation

"small, rural parishes" -> parishes are communities or areas. "small" means limited in extent or number (of people). This aligns with sense 1.

Let's confirm if "small" can be sense 1.
Yes, "small" as in "small town", "small village", "small parish" refers to size/extent.
I will choose 1.
Wait, let's think if "small" in "small parishes" could be sense 2. "limited in size or scope".
But "small-scale" is a synonym for sense 2. You wouldn't say "small-scale parish".
You would say "little parish" or "small parish" meaning limited in extent.
So sense 1 is better.
I'll go with 1.