[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lose
Target surface form: lost
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having <t>lost</t> an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02:: | definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. sense_key=lose%2:33:00:: | definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. sense_key=lose%2:37:00:: | definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war; The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her
4. sense_key=lose%2:35:00:: | definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | synonyms=misplace, mislay | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. sense_key=lose%2:40:01:: | definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. sense_key=lose%2:39:00:: | definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. sense_key=lose%2:40:06:: | definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | synonyms=turn a loss | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!; The company turned a loss after the first year
8. sense_key=lose%2:40:00:: | definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. sense_key=lose%2:33:01:: | definition=retreat | synonyms=fall back, drop off, fall behind, recede
10. sense_key=lose%2:39:01:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=miss | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
11. sense_key=lose%2:30:03:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=suffer | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "lost" (lemma: lose).
Context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The meaning here is that he suffered the loss of a person or body part through death or removal. Wait, "lose an eye" means to suffer the loss of a body part.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense. (She lost her purse)
3. suffer the loss of a person through death or removal. (She lost her husband in the war; The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her)
Wait, "lose an eye" is suffering the loss of a body part. Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Let's look at sense 3: "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal". But "lose an eye" is a physical loss.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Is there a better sense?
Let's check WordNet for "lose an eye".
"lose" - suffer the loss of a person through death or removal.
Wait, "lose an eye" might be sense 1: "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Let's re-read sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense". Examples: "She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat".
Wait, sense 3: "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal".
Is there a sense for "lose a body part"?
Let's check sense 1 again. "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
What about sense 3? "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal".
Wait, "lose an eye" -> "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal"? No, an eye is not a person.
Let's check sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Wait, could it be sense 1? Yes, "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Let's check if there is another sense.
"lose" - suffer the loss of a person through death or removal.
"lose" - fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense.
Let's search for "lose an eye" in WordNet.
Actually, "lose" (cease to have) includes "lose an arm", "lose a leg".
Let's check sense 1: "fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense.
Sense 3: suffer the loss of a person through death or removal.
Sense 5: miss from one's possessions; lose sight of.
Sense 8: fail to get or obtain.
Sense 11: be set at a disadvantage.

"having lost an eye to the rare tumor" -> he ceased to have an eye.
So sense 1 is the best fit. "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Let's double check if there's any other.
"lose" - suffer the loss of a person through death or removal. (No, an eye is not a person).
"lose" - fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense. (Yes, he ceased to have an eye).

Let's read the context again: "having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old"
This means he ceased to have an eye.
Sense 1: fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's consider if "lose an eye" is considered "suffer the loss of a person through death or removal". No, "person" is specific.
What about "lose" as in "lose a limb"? WordNet usually puts "lose a limb" under "cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense".
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02:: | definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense
Yes, this is the most appropriate.
Let's review the options.
1. fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense
2. fail to win
3. suffer the loss of a person through death or removal
4. place (something) where one cannot find it again
5. miss from one's possessions; lose sight of
6. allow to go out of sight
7. fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit
8. fail to get or obtain
9. retreat
10. fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind
11. be set at a disadvantage

Sense 1 is the only one that fits "cease to have, either physically".
I will output 1.
End of thought.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "eye" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The context refers to the physical organ of sight, which was lost to a tumor (retinoblastoma, an eye cancer).
Sense 1: "the organ of sight" (synonyms: oculus, optic).
Sense 2: "good discernment"
Sense 3: "attention to what is seen"
Sense 4: "an area that is approximately central within some larger region"
Sense 5: "a small hole or loop"

The correct sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was <t>only</t> two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "only" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was <t>only</t> two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The phrase is "only two months old".
This means "as recently as" or "merely" or "just" two months old.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Wait, "only two months old" means "merely two months old" or "as recently as two months old"?
Actually, "only two months old" emphasizes the smallness of the age, meaning "merely" or "just".
Let's look at sense 1: "and nothing more", synonyms: merely, simply, just, but.
Let's look at sense 7: "as recently as", examples: I spoke to him only an hour ago.
Is "only two months old" "as recently as" or "merely"?
"when he was only two months old" -> "merely two months old".
Wait, sense 1 is "merely, simply, just, but".
Let's check WordNet for "only".
only%4:02:02:: "and nothing more" -> merely, simply, just, but.
only%4:02:05:: "as recently as" -> I spoke to him only an hour ago.
"when he was only two months old" -> "merely two months old".
Wait, "only two months old" is an age. "merely two months old" fits perfectly.
Let's consider "only two months old" vs "only an hour ago".
"only two months old" means "just two months old".
Sense 1: "and nothing more" -> merely, simply, just, but.
Let's see if there is another sense.
"only two months old" -> "merely two months old".
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "and nothing more" -> merely, simply, just, but.
"when he was only two months old" -> "when he was merely two months old".
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 7: "as recently as". "when he was as recently as two months old" doesn't make as much sense as "when he was merely two months old".
Therefore, sense 1.
Let's review the context: "having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old".
"only" modifies "two months old", indicating a surprisingly small amount.
This matches "merely" or "just".
Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mother
Target surface form: mother
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mother".
Context: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The context refers to Mr. Quinlan's mother, a woman who gave birth to him.
Sense 1: a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children.
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense 2: stringy slimy substance...
Sense 3: term of address for an elderly woman.
Sense 4: term of address for a mother superior.
Sense 5: condition that is the inspiration...

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suffer
Target surface form: suffered
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had <t>suffered</t> the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suffer%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo or be subjected to | synonyms=endure | examples=He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom
2. sense_key=suffer%2:29:01:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=sustain, have, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
3. sense_key=suffer%2:37:00:: | definition=experience (emotional) pain | examples=Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers
4. sense_key=suffer%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
5. sense_key=suffer%2:30:00:: | definition=get worse | examples=His grades suffered
6. sense_key=suffer%2:29:00:: | definition=feel pain or be in pain | synonyms=hurt
7. sense_key=suffer%2:39:00:: | definition=feel physical pain | synonyms=hurt, ache | examples=Were you hurting after the accident?
8. sense_key=suffer%2:29:03:: | definition=feel unwell or uncomfortable | examples=She is suffering from the hot weather
9. sense_key=suffer%2:42:04:: | definition=be given to | examples=She suffers from a tendency to talk too much
10. sense_key=suffer%2:39:02:: | definition=undergo or suffer | synonyms=meet | examples=meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate
11. sense_key=suffer%2:30:02:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=lose | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "suffered".
Context: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The phrase is "suffered the same fate".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. undergo or be subjected to (endure) - He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom.
10. undergo or suffer (meet) - meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate.

Wait, sense 10 has the exact example "suffer a terrible fate".
Let's check sense 10: sense_key=suffer%2:39:02:: | definition=undergo or suffer | synonyms=meet | examples=meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate.
The context says "suffered the same fate".
This perfectly matches sense 10.

Let's double check sense 1: "undergo or be subjected to" - He suffered the penalty.
Sense 10: "undergo or suffer" - meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate.
The context is "suffered the same fate".
So sense 10 is the best match.

Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=suffer%2:39:01::
10. sense_key=suffer%2:39:02::

Context: "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
"suffer a terrible fate" is the example for sense 10.
Therefore, sense 10 is the correct choice.
I will return {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "same" in the context: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The phrase is "the same fate".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. same in identity (the same man I saw yesterday)
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree (curtains the same color as the walls)
3. equal in amount or value (like amounts)
4. unchanged in character or nature (the village stayed the same)

"the same fate" means a fate of the same kind (losing an eye to the rare tumor).
Is it identity? No, it's not the exact same fate (it's a different person, different time, but the same kind of fate).
Wait, "same fate" usually means "the same kind of fate" or "identical in kind".
Let's check sense 1: "same in identity".
Let's check sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
In WordNet, "same fate" might be sense 1 or sense 2.
Wait, "the same fate" -> "same in kind".
Let's look at the examples for sense 1: "the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice".
Examples for sense 2: "curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age".
Is "fate" considered identical in kind? Yes, "the same fate" means a fate of the same kind.
Wait, let's search for "same fate" in WordNet or similar corpora.
Actually, if someone suffers the "same fate", it means they suffered a fate of the same kind.
Let's consider sense 1: "same in identity".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"same fate" -> "same" modifying "fate".
If I say "he suffered the same fate", it means a fate of the same kind.
Let's check sense 1: "same in identity".
Let's check sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
In WordNet, "same" has:
1. same in identity (the same man I saw yesterday)
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree (curtains the same color as the walls)
3. equal in amount or value (like amounts)
4. unchanged in character or nature (the village stayed the same)

If it's "the same fate", it's a fate of the same kind. So sense 2.
Wait, "same fate" could be sense 1 if it's considered the identical fate (e.g., losing an eye to retinoblastoma). But it's a different person, so it's not numerically identical, it's qualitatively identical.
"two girls of the same age" -> sense 2.
"the same fate" -> sense 2.
Let's double check.
"after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The fate is "losing an eye to the rare tumor".
Is it sense 1 or 2?
In WordNet, "same" sense 1 is "same in identity".
Sense 2 is "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
Since it's a different person, it's not the same in identity (numerical identity), but same in kind (qualitative identity).
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's read the context again: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The fate is "losing an eye to the rare tumor".
This is a fate of the same kind.
So sense 2.

Let's review the options.
1. same in identity
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree
3. equal in amount or value
4. unchanged in character or nature

"same fate" -> comparable in kind.
I will choose 2.
Wait, could it be 1? "the same fate" is often treated as "the identical fate" in a loose sense, but strictly it's "same in kind".
Let's consider "same color" -> sense 2.
"same age" -> sense 2.
"same fate" -> sense 2.
I am confident it is 2.
Let's consider if "same" in "same fate" is sense 1. "the same man" is sense 1. "the same fate" is not the numerically identical fate, it's a fate of the same type. So sense 2.
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fate" in the context: "...after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The context refers to the mother losing an eye to the rare tumor.
This is an event or course of events that happened to her.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future (destiny) - wait, "suffered the same fate" means she experienced the same event/circumstance.
2. the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman)
3. your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) - fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion.

Wait, is "fate" here sense 1 or sense 3?
"suffered the same fate" -> "fate" meaning an event or outcome.
Let's check WordNet for "fate".
fate%1:11:00:: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future" (destiny)
fate%1:26:00:: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)" (fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion)

Wait, "suffered the same fate" usually means "experienced the same outcome/event".
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: destiny.
Synonyms for sense 3: fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion.
In WordNet, "fate" as in "suffered the same fate" is often sense 1 or sense 3?
Actually, "fate" meaning "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future" or "an event that happens to someone".
Wait, sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". But here it already happened to the mother.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future".
Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)".
Is there another sense?
Let's search for "fate" in WordNet.
fate n
1. an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
2. the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman)
3. your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

Wait, "suffered the same fate" -> "fate" = outcome, event.
If sense 1 is "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future", does it apply to past events? "the same fate" = the same event.
Let's consider "fate" in "suffered the same fate".
In WordNet, "fate" (event) is sense 1.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: none given in the prompt, but "destiny" is a synonym.
Wait, "fate" as in "he met a tragic fate" is sense 1.
Let's check sense 3: "whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate". "deserved a better fate" is an example for sense 3!
"suffered the same fate" is very similar to "deserved a better fate" or "met a tragic fate".
Wait, "deserved a better fate" is explicitly listed as an example for sense 3!
"deserved a better fate" -> fate = overall circumstances or condition in life, or the outcome.
Let's re-read sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate"
Is "suffered the same fate" closer to sense 1 or sense 3?
"suffered the same fate" -> the mother lost an eye. This is an event that happened to her.
But sense 1 says "that will inevitably happen in the future". The mother already lost her eye, so it's not in the future.
Sense 3 says "including everything that happens to you". This fits "suffered the same fate" (everything that happens to you, your condition).
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"suffered the same fate" -> fate = the outcome or event.
In WordNet, "fate" has:
1. an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
2. the ultimate agency...
3. your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

Wait, "fate" in "suffered the same fate" is often mapped to sense 1 in some datasets, but let's look at the definition of sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". This definition specifically says "in the future". The mother's fate already happened.
Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)". This includes past events ("everything that happens to you").
Let's consider "fate" as "outcome".
Is there a sense for "outcome"? No.
Let's look at the example for sense 3: "deserved a better fate". This is very close to "suffered the same fate".
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"suffered the same fate"
If I say "he suffered the same fate", it means he experienced the same bad outcome/circumstance.
Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)"
Synonyms: fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion.
Example: "deserved a better fate".
This perfectly matches "suffered the same fate".

Let's review sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". Synonyms: destiny.
If the text says "he knew he would suffer the same fate", it might be sense 1. But it says "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby." This is a past event. So sense 3 is more appropriate because it covers "everything that happens to you" (past, present, future circumstances).

I will go with sense 3.
Context: "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)"
Matches "suffered the same fate" (experienced the same condition/event).
I am confident in 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "baby" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."
The context refers to a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk, specifically a human infant.
Sense 1: a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk. Synonyms: babe, infant.
Sense 2: the youngest member of a group.
Sense 3: an immature childish person.
Sense 4: an unborn child; a human fetus.
Sense 5: (slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women.
Sense 6: a very young mammal.
Sense 7: a project of personal concern to someone.

The context clearly refers to a human infant (a very young child).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "when she was a baby" -> when she was an infant.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: isolation
Target surface form: isolation
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the <t>isolation</t> of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=isolation%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of separation between persons or groups
2. sense_key=isolation%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of being disliked and alone
3. sense_key=isolation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off
4. sense_key=isolation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
5. sense_key=isolation%1:04:01:: | definition=a country's withdrawal from international politics | examples=he opposed a policy of American isolation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "isolation" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The context refers to the scientific process of isolating a gene (setting it apart, identifying it, separating it from others).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a state of separation between persons or groups
2. a feeling of being disliked and alone
3. the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off
4. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism...
5. a country's withdrawal from international politics

Sense 3 fits best: "the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others". In genetics, "isolation of a gene" means the act of isolating it, setting it apart from others.

Let's double check.
"Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene..."
This is the act of isolating the gene.
Sense 3 is the best match.
Sense index: 3.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it <t>became</t> possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "became" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The phrase is "it became possible".
This means it entered a certain state or condition (possible).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

"it became possible" matches "enter or assume a certain state or condition" (sense 1).
Synonyms: go, get. "It got possible" or "it went from impossible to possible".
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"it became possible" -> enter a state of being possible.
Sense 1: enter or assume a certain state or condition.
Yes, sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "possible" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The sentence means that it became capable of happening or existing (i.e., it became feasible or able to be done).
Sense 1: capable of happening or existing. Examples: a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible.
Sense 2: existing in possibility. Synonyms: potential. Examples: a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power.

In the context, "it became possible ... to find out" means it became capable of happening or being done. This aligns with Sense 1.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "it became possible to find out" -> capable of happening or existing.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "last" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The phrase is "last January".
This refers to the January immediately past.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
...
Sense 1 is "immediately past", with examples "last Thursday". "last January" perfectly matches "immediately past".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"last January" -> immediately past January.
Sense 1: immediately past.
Yes.
Format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find_out
Target surface form: find out
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find_out%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=find_out%2:31:00:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, get a line | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
3. sense_key=find_out%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
4. sense_key=find_out%2:31:01:: | definition=trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act | synonyms=catch out | examples=He was caught out; She was found out when she tried to cash the stolen checks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The target word is "find out".
The context implies determining or learning with certainty through an inquiry or test (genetic probes).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find, ascertain)
2. get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally (learn, hear, get word)
3. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort (determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn)
4. trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act (catch out)

Wait, "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - this is done by making an inquiry or other effort (a test using new genetic probes).
Sense 3: "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort"
Sense 1: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works"
Wait, "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced" -> "determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort".
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Sense 1: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
Sense 3: find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort.
In the context, "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
"find out" here means to determine or learn with certainty by making an inquiry or other effort (the test).
Let's look at the synonyms for 3: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn.
Synonyms for 1: determine, find, ascertain.
Actually, sense 3 is "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort".
Wait, sense 1 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
Is "find out" in "find out what threat" sense 3?
Let's search for "find out" in WordNet.
find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort: "I want to see whether she speaks French"; "See whether it works"; "find out if he speaks Russian"; "Check whether the train leaves on time"
establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study: "find the product of two numbers"; "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
In the text: "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
This is determining with certainty by making an inquiry or other effort (a test).
Wait, "find out" in "find out what threat" is more like "determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort".
Let's consider sense 3.
"find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort"
Yes, "find out what threat" matches "find out if..." or "determine with certainty".
Let's check sense 3.
I will choose 3.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
This is an inquiry or effort (a test).
Sense 3 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 1. "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The test is an experiment/investigation, but "find out" is the verb. "find out what threat" -> "determine with certainty".
I'll go with 3.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for 3: determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn.
Synonyms for 1: determine, find, ascertain.
"find out" is the headword for sense 3.
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: threat
Target surface form: threat
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan
2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest
3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit
4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "threat" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The context is about the danger or risk of developing cancer (retinoblastoma).
Sense 1: something that is a source of danger (synonyms: menace). Example: earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan.
Sense 2: a warning that something unpleasant is imminent.
Sense 3: declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another.
Sense 4: a person who inspires fear or dread.

The baby faced a source of danger (the risk of cancer). This matches Sense 1.
Let's double check. "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" -> what source of danger the baby faced.
Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "baby" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."

The context refers to "the Quinlan baby", which is a very young child (Will Quinlan, who was just born or about to be born, "little Will Quinlan").
Sense 1: a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk. Synonyms: babe, infant.
Sense 2: the youngest member of a group.
Sense 3: an immature childish person.
Sense 4: an unborn child; a human fetus.
Sense 5: slang term of address.
Sense 6: a very young mammal.
Sense 7: a project of personal concern.

The Quinlan baby is a very young child (infant). Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "the Quinlan baby faced" -> "little Will Quinlan". He is a baby (infant).
Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "faced" in the context: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
The baby is dealing with a threat (cancer).
Sense 1: deal with (something unpleasant) head on. Synonyms: confront, face up. Examples: You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes.
Sense 2: oppose, as in hostility or a competition.
Sense 3: be oriented in a certain direction.
Sense 4: be opposite.
Sense 5: turn so as to face.
Sense 6: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize.
Sense 7: turn so as to expose the face.
Sense 8: line the edge.
Sense 9: cover the front or surface of.

The baby "faced" a threat. This means the baby had to deal with or confront a threat.
Sense 1 fits perfectly: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on". The threat is something unpleasant.
Let's double check. "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" -> the baby confronted or dealt with the threat.
Sense 1 is the best match.
Sense 1: face%2:32:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test <t>using</t> new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "using" in the context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
The word "using" here means employing or utilizing the new genetic probes for a particular purpose (to find out what threat the baby faced).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose (utilize, utilise, apply, employ). Example: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home.
2. take or consume (regularly or habitually).
3. use up, consume fully.
4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage.
5. avail oneself to (practice, apply).
6. habitually do something (use only in the past tense).

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "A test employing/utilizing new 'genetic probes' showed..."
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Checking the exact sense index: 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "A test using new "genetic probes" showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
The phrase is "new 'genetic probes'".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. (a new law; new cars)
2. original and of a kind not seen before (fresh, novel)
3. lacking training or experience (raw)
4. having no previous example or precedent or parallel (unexampled)
5. other than the former one(s); different
6. unaffected by use or exposure
7. gratuitously new (newfangled)
8. in use after medieval times
9. used of a living language
10. harvested at an early stage of development
11. unfamiliar

The "new genetic probes" are recently developed or discovered, having just come into being or been made.
Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
This perfectly matches "new genetic probes" which are recently developed.
Let's double check if it could be 2 (novel). "novel" implies original and of a kind not seen before. But "new" here just means recently developed or discovered.
Sense 1 is the most standard and appropriate for "new genetic probes".
Let's review the context: "Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. ... A test using new "genetic probes" showed..."
"new findings" -> recently discovered.
"new genetic probes" -> recently made or discovered.
Sense 1 fits best.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a new law; new cars".
Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Wait, could it be 5? "other than the former one(s); different". No, it's not just different, it's recently developed.
Could it be 11? "unfamiliar". No.
Sense 1 is the most accurate.
Context: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed..."
Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Yes.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "genetic" in the context of "genetic probes".
The context discusses genes, specifically the "retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene", "damaged gene", "inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene".
The phrase is "genetic probes".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (familial, hereditary, inherited)
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (genic, genetical) - examples: genic combinations; genetic code
3. pertaining to or referring to origin
4. of or relating to the science of genetics

"genetic probes" are probes that relate to or are produced by or being a gene (they probe genes).
Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" fits "genetic probes" perfectly, as they are probes for genes.
Let's double check. "genetic probes" -> probes that are related to genes.
Sense 2 is "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".
Synonyms: genic, genetical.
Examples: genic combinations; genetic code.
This matches "genetic probes" (probes related to genes).

Let's review the context: "A test using new genetic probes showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
The probes are related to the gene.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 1 is about heredity (e.g., genetic disease).
Sense 2 is about genes (e.g., genetic probes, genetic code).
Sense 3 is about origin.
Sense 4 is about the science of genetics (e.g., genetic research).

"genetic probes" -> probes of/relating to a gene.
So sense 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "showed" in the context: "A test using new "genetic probes" showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
The test provided evidence for the fact that the child had not inherited the damaged gene.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience
2. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment
3. provide evidence for (synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence; examples: The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence)
4. make visible or noticeable
5. show in, or as in, a picture
6. give expression to
7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing
8. be or become visible or noticeable
9. indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments
10. give evidence of, as of records
11. take (someone) to their seats
12. finish third or better in a horse or dog race

Sense 3: "provide evidence for" with example "The blood test showed that he was the father". This perfectly matches "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene".

Let's double check sense 3 vs sense 2.
Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment. Example: The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound.
Sense 3: provide evidence for. Example: The blood test showed that he was the father.
The context says "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene". This is exactly like "The blood test showed that he was the father".
Therefore, sense 3 is the best match.
Let's review the exact wording of sense 3: "provide evidence for" | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence.
Yes, "A test ... showed that ..." matches "The blood test showed that ...".

Sense index is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "little" in the context: "A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene..."
The context refers to "little Will Quinlan", who is a baby/child.
Sense 3: "(of children and animals) young, immature" synonyms=small, examples="what a big little boy you are; small children".
This perfectly matches "little Will Quinlan" (a baby/child).
Let's double check.
"little Will Quinlan" -> young, immature child.
Sense 3 is the best fit.
Sense 1: limited in number or quantity.
Sense 2: small in quantity or degree.
Sense 3: young, immature.
Sense 4: small and of little importance.
Sense 8: small in a way that arouses feelings.
Sense 3 is the most specific and accurate for a child.
"little Will Quinlan" -> young child.
I will choose sense 3.