[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: transmission
Target surface form: transmission
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: | definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: | definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: | definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "transmission".
Context: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
The context talks about the "transmission of the directive". A directive is a message or instruction.
Sense 1: the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted. Synonyms: transmittal, transmitting.
Sense 2: communication by means of transmitted signals.
Sense 3: the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance.
Sense 4: an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted.
Sense 5: the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine...

"transmission of the directive" fits Sense 1 perfectly, as it refers to the act of sending a message (the directive).

Let's double check.
"transmission of the directive" -> sending a message.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index: 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "damage" in the context: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
The context talks about the harm or impairment brought about to the principles of the sport.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

In the context, "damage" refers to the occurrence of a change for the worse (harm, impairment) to the principles of the sport.
Wait, "damage brought about to the principles of the sport" - is it the act of damaging (sense 3) or the occurrence of a change for the worse (sense 1)?
"damage" as a noun meaning "harm, impairment" is sense 1.
Let's check the definition of sense 1: "the occurrence of a change for the worse". Synonyms: harm, impairment.
Sense 3: "the act of damaging something or someone". Synonyms: harm, hurt, scathe.
The sentence says "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
"damage" here is the result, the occurrence of a change for the worse, i.e., harm or impairment.
Let's consider "harm, impairment" vs "the act of damaging". "The damage brought about" -> the harm/impairment brought about.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
Is it sense 1? Yes, "harm, impairment".
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: the occurrence of a change for the worse (harm, impairment).
Sense 3: the act of damaging something or someone (harm, hurt, scathe).
"damage brought about" -> the harm/impairment brought about.
I'll go with 1.
Let's review the options.
1. damage%1:11:00::
3. damage%1:04:00::
"damage" as in "the damage to the car" -> occurrence of a change for the worse.
"damage" as in "the damage done by the storm" -> occurrence of a change for the worse.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Another look at the context: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
This is the harm or impairment to the principles.
So sense 1.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: principle
Target surface form: principles
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01:: | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00:: | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00:: | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02:: | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "principles" in the context: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
The context discusses the "principles of the sport", which refers to the basic rules, standards, or generalizations that govern the sport.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct (rule) - "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
2. a rule or standard especially of good behavior - "a man of principle; he will not violate his principles"
3. a basic truth or law or assumption - "the principles of democracy"
4. a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system - "the principle of the conservation of mass"
5. rule of personal conduct - "precept"
6. (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons...

Wait, "principles of the sport" - is it a basic truth or law or assumption (3), or a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct (1)?
Let's re-read the context: "Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules... The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
"principles of the sport" -> basic truths, laws, or assumptions that govern the sport.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct".
Sense 3: "a basic truth or law or assumption". Example: "the principles of democracy".
"principles of the sport" is similar to "principles of democracy" or "principles of composition".
Wait, sense 1 has example "their principles of composition characterized all their works".
Sense 3 has example "the principles of democracy".
Is "principles of the sport" closer to "principles of democracy" (sense 3) or "principles of composition" (sense 1)?
Actually, "principles of the sport" refers to the fundamental rules or truths of the sport.
Let's consider "principle%1:09:00::" (sense 3) vs "principle%1:09:03::" (sense 1).
Sense 1: a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct.
Sense 3: a basic truth or law or assumption.
In WordNet, "principle" has:
- principle%1:09:00:: a basic truth or law or assumption (the principles of democracy)
- principle%1:09:01:: a rule or standard especially of good behavior (a man of principle)
- principle%1:09:02:: (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons
- principle%1:09:03:: a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct (their principles of composition characterized all their works)
- principle%1:09:04:: a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system
- principle%1:10:00:: rule of personal conduct

"principles of the sport" -> "principles of democracy" (sense 3) seems like a good match. "principles of the sport" are the basic truths or laws of the sport.
Wait, let's look at the context again: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
Could it be sense 1? "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct".
Or sense 3: "a basic truth or law or assumption".
"principles of the sport" -> basic truths or laws of the sport.
Let's search for "principles of the sport" in WordNet or similar corpora.
Actually, "principles of democracy" is sense 3. "principles of composition" is sense 1.
"principles of the sport" is more like "principles of democracy" (a system's fundamental truths/laws) than "principles of composition" (a generalization used as a basis for reasoning/conduct in art).
Wait, "principles of the sport" might be sense 3.
Let's check sense 1: "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct".
Sense 3: "a basic truth or law or assumption".
I will go with sense 3.
Let's reconsider. "principles of the sport" - the fundamental rules or truths.
Is there any chance it's sense 1? "basis for reasoning or conduct". The context says "strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules... The damage brought about to the principles of the sport...".
"principles of the sport" = basic truths or laws of the sport.
I'll select 3.
Wait, let's look at sense 1 again. "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct".
Sense 3: "a basic truth or law or assumption".
"principles of the sport" -> "principles of democracy" (sense 3).
I'll output 3.
Let's double check.
"principles of the sport" -> "principles of democracy" (3).
Yes, 3 is the best fit.
Another option: 1. "their principles of composition characterized all their works".
"principles of the sport" is a set of basic truths or laws.
I will choose 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "actions" in the context: "Those actions are really against the sporting spirit... The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."
The context talks about things done by players (strategic decisions, chosen when to obey a sanction, etc.).
Sense 1: something done (usually as opposed to something said). Examples: there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions.
Sense 2: the state of being active.
Sense 3: a military engagement.
Sense 4: a process existing in or produced by nature.
Sense 5: the series of events that form a plot.
Sense 6: the trait of being active and energetic and forceful.
Sense 7: the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism.
Sense 8: a judicial proceeding.
Sense 9: an act by a government body or supranational organization.
Sense 10: the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field.

"Those actions" refers to the specific things the players did (strategic decisions, chosen when to obey the sanction). This perfectly matches Sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)".

Let's double check.
"Those actions are really against the sporting spirit..." -> "Those things done are really against the sporting spirit..."
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
Context: "Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules."
"actions" = things done.
Sense 1: something done (usually as opposed to something said).
Matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibility
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "possibility".
Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
The context talks about the capability of existing or happening (finding new forms of life).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a future prospect or potential (e.g., this room has great possibilities)
2. capability of existing or happening or being true (e.g., there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired)
3. a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena (hypothesis, theory)
4. a possible alternative (possible action, opening)

"raises possibility of new types of life" -> capability of existing or happening or being true.
Wait, "possibility of new types of life" means it is possible that new types of life exist.
Sense 2: capability of existing or happening or being true.
Let's check sense 1: a future prospect or potential. "raises possibility of new types of life" - is it a future prospect? "finding new forms of life" is a future prospect, but "possibility of new types of life" refers to the fact that they might exist.
"there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired" -> "there is a possibility of new types of life".
Sense 2 fits perfectly.
Let's double check.
"raises possibility of new types of life" -> capability of existing or happening or being true.
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "types" in the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
The phrase is "new types of life".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities)
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end

"types of life" means subdivisions or kinds of life.
Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" fits perfectly. "new types of life" = new subdivisions/kinds of life.
Sense 3 is specifically about the taxonomic group used to define the next higher taxon (type species, etc.), which is too specific and not the general meaning of "types of life".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "new types of life" -> "new forms of life" (as in the context). "form" or "kind" or "subdivision".
Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The <t>discovery</t> of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "discovery".
Context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
The word "discovery" here refers to the act of discovering something (the strange bacteria).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case...

"The discovery of a strange bacteria" -> the act of discovering something.
Wait, "discovery of a strange bacteria" could be the act of discovering it.
Let's see: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic..."
Is it the act of discovering (1) or something that is discovered (2)?
"The discovery of a strange bacteria" -> "The finding of a strange bacteria". "Finding" is a synonym for sense 1.
Sense 1: the act of discovering something.
Sense 2: something that is discovered. (e.g., "The discovery was a strange bacteria"). Here it says "The discovery of a strange bacteria", which is the act of discovering it.
Let's check WordNet examples for sense 1: "the discovery of gold in California"
Yes, "the discovery of [something]" is typically sense 1.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"the discovery of a strange bacteria" -> act of discovering.
Sense 1: the act of discovering something.
I will choose 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use <t>arsenic</t> as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "arsenic".
Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
The context mentions "major elements that have been considered essential", which points to the chemical element arsenic, not specifically arsenic trioxide (white arsenic).
Sense 1: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic...
Sense 2: a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms...

The context talks about "major elements", so sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 2 index is 2.
Let's double check. "major elements" -> element.
Sense 2: "a very poisonous metallic element..."
Yes, sense 2.
Format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nutrient
Target surface form: nutrients
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its <t>nutrients</t> widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:00:: | definition=any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food
2. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:01:: | definition=any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "nutrients" (lemma: nutrient).
Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:00:: | definition=any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue | synonyms=food
2. sense_key=nutrient%1:03:01:: | definition=any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis

Wait, the context is about a "strange bacteria" that can use "arsenic" as one of its nutrients. Arsenic is a chemical element.
Sense 1 is for animals (metabolized to give energy and build tissue).
Sense 2 is for green plants (taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis, such as a chemical element or inorganic compound).
Wait, bacteria are neither animals nor green plants, but arsenic is a chemical element. Sense 2 explicitly mentions "chemical element or inorganic compound".
Let's re-read sense 2: "any substance (such as a chemical element or inorganic compound) that can be taken in by a green plant and used in organic synthesis".
Is there a better fit?
Wait, if it's a bacteria, it's not a green plant. But arsenic is a chemical element.
Let's check the context again: "major elements that have been considered essential."
Sense 2 mentions "chemical element or inorganic compound".
Sense 1 mentions "metabolized by an animal".
Bacteria are not animals.
Therefore, sense 2 is the better fit because it includes "chemical element or inorganic compound", which aligns with "arsenic" and "major elements".

Let's double check.
Sense 1: animal
Sense 2: green plant, chemical element, inorganic compound.
Arsenic is a chemical element.
So sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's output {"sense_index": 2}.
Wait, is there any chance it's 1? "metabolized by an animal". No, bacteria is not an animal.
I will choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scope
Target surface form: scope
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the <t>scope</t> for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scope%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. sense_key=scope%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of the environment in which a situation exists | synonyms=setting, background | examples=you can't do that in a university setting
3. sense_key=scope%1:06:02:: | definition=a magnifier of images of distant objects | synonyms=telescope
4. sense_key=scope%1:06:01:: | definition=electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities | synonyms=oscilloscope, cathode-ray oscilloscope, CRO

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "scope" in the context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
The word "scope" here means the area or extent in which something acts or operates, or the extent of the subject matter.
Candidate senses:
1. scope%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=range, reach, orbit, compass, ambit
2. scope%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of the environment in which a situation exists
3. scope%1:06:02:: | definition=a magnifier of images of distant objects
4. scope%1:06:01:: | definition=electronic equipment that provides visual images of varying electrical quantities

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "widens the scope" -> widens the range/extent/area in which something operates (finding new forms of life).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new <t>forms</t> of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "forms" in the context: "The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."
The phrase is "new forms of life".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. word form
2. kind, sort, variety (a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality)
3. perceptual structure
4. spatial attributes
5. human body
6. spatial arrangement
7. visual appearance
8. printed document
9. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups (variant, strain, var.)
10. arrangement of elements
11. particular mode in which something is manifested
12. distinct state of matter
13. body of students
14. ability to perform well
15. life-size dummy
16. mold for setting concrete

"forms of life" usually means "kinds of life" or "types of life".
Wait, sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" -> synonyms: kind, sort, variety. Examples: "sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?"
"new forms of life" -> "new kinds of life".
Let's check sense 2. "new types of life" is in the title: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere".
So "forms" here means "types" or "kinds".
Sense 2 matches "kind, sort, variety".
Let's double check sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". But "forms of life" is broader than a group within a species. It means "types of life".
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the title: "new types of life".
Context: "widens the scope for finding new forms of life".
"forms" = "types" = "kinds".
Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" (kind, sort, variety).
Yes, sense 2 is the correct one.
Let's confirm the index.
1. form%1:10:00::
2. form%1:09:01::
3. form%1:09:00::
...
Index 2.
"sculpture is a form of art" -> "life is a form of ...", "new forms of life" -> "new kinds of life".
Matches perfectly.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: earth
Target surface form: Earth
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in <t>Earth</t>, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=earth%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=world, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
2. sense_key=earth%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=ground | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
3. sense_key=earth%1:17:01:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, ground, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
4. sense_key=earth%1:15:00:: | definition=the abode of mortals (as contrasted with Heaven or Hell) | examples=it was hell on earth
5. sense_key=earth%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=earth%1:09:00:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, world | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
7. sense_key=earth%1:06:00:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=ground

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Earth" in the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have considered essential."
The context talks about "life on Earth", "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on".
Sense 1: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" (synonyms: world, globe).
This perfectly matches "life on Earth".
Let's double check.
"life on Earth" -> planet we live on.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that <t>life</t> has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "life" in the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that <t>life</t> has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."

The context is about "new types of life", "new forms of life", and "life has possibilities beyond the major elements". This refers to the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones, or living things collectively.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. characteristic state or mode of living (social life)
2. experience of being alive
3. course of existence of an individual
4. condition of living or state of being alive (while there's life there's hope)
10. living things collectively (the oceans are teeming with life)
11. the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones (there is no life on the moon)

Wait, "new types of life", "new forms of life", "life has possibilities beyond the major elements".
Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" | examples=there is no life on the moon.
Sense 10: "living things collectively" | examples=the oceans are teeming with life.
Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive" | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes.

Let's look at "life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential." This is about the phenomenon of life, or the condition of living.
Wait, "new types of life" -> "forms of life".
Is it sense 11? "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones"
Or sense 10? "living things collectively"
Or sense 4? "the condition of living or the state of being alive"

Let's read the context again: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... finding new forms of life... life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
"life" here refers to the phenomenon of life, or living things.
Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" - "there is no life on the moon". This fits "new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere" and "life has possibilities beyond the major elements".
Let's consider Sense 11 vs Sense 10. "new forms of life" -> "life" as a phenomenon or as living things. "life has possibilities" -> the phenomenon of life.
Let's check Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
Let's check Sense 10: "living things collectively".
"life has possibilities beyond the major elements" -> the phenomenon of life.
Let's check Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive".
Actually, "life" in "new forms of life" is often Sense 11.
Let's search for "new forms of life" in WordNet or similar.
"life" meaning "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" (sense 11).
Example: "there is no life on the moon".
"life" meaning "living things collectively" (sense 10).
Example: "the oceans are teeming with life".

"life has possibilities beyond the major elements" -> the phenomenon of life.
Let's look at Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
Is it 11? Yes, "life on Earth, or elsewhere", "new forms of life", "life has possibilities". This is about the phenomenon of life.

Let's double check Sense 11.
"the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones"
Synonyms: none listed, but it's the definition of life as a biological phenomenon.
"life on the moon" -> "life on Earth".
"new types of life" -> "life" as the phenomenon.

Could it be 10? "living things collectively". "new types of living things collectively"? No, "new types of life" means new types of the phenomenon of life, or new forms of the phenomenon.
Wait, "forms of life" usually maps to the phenomenon.
Let's choose 11.
Let's review the options.
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon

Yes, "life on Earth, or elsewhere" perfectly matches "there is no life on the moon".
"life has possibilities beyond the major elements" matches the phenomenon of life depending on chemical elements.

I will go with 11.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibilities
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has <t>possibilities</t> beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "possibilities" in the context: "While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has <t>possibilities</t> beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
The context talks about life having "possibilities" beyond the major elements. This means life has potential or future prospects, or alternative ways of existing.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a future prospect or potential (e.g., this room has great possibilities)
2. capability of existing or happening or being true (e.g., there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired)
3. a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena (hypothesis, theory)
4. a possible alternative (possible action, opening)

"life has possibilities beyond the major elements" -> life has potential or future prospects.
Wait, "possibilities" here means potential or future prospects. "this room has great possibilities" -> "life has possibilities beyond the major elements".
Let's re-read carefully: "life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential."
Could it be sense 1? "a future prospect or potential". Yes, life has potential beyond the major elements.
Could it be sense 2? "capability of existing or happening or being true". "life has capability of existing beyond the major elements".
Let's check the examples. "this room has great possibilities" -> "life has possibilities beyond the major elements". This matches sense 1 perfectly. "possibilities" as plural often means "potential" or "future prospects".
Sense 1: a future prospect or potential.
Sense 2: capability of existing or happening or being true. (usually singular "a possibility").
Sense 4: a possible alternative.

"life has possibilities beyond the major elements" -> life has potential.
I will choose sense 1.
Let's double check. "life has possibilities" -> "life has potential".
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: element
Target surface form: elements
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major <t>elements</t> that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=element%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
2. sense_key=element%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, constituent | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
3. sense_key=element%1:27:00:: | definition=any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter | synonyms=chemical element
4. sense_key=element%1:15:00:: | definition=the most favorable environment for a plant or animal | examples=water is the element of fishes
5. sense_key=element%1:27:01:: | definition=one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe | examples=the alchemists believed that there were four elements
6. sense_key=element%1:26:00:: | definition=the situation in which you are happiest and most effective | examples=in your element
7. sense_key=element%1:25:00:: | definition=a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "elements" in the context: "While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major <t>elements</t> that have been considered essential."
The context is about a bacteria that can use arsenic as a nutrient, showing life has possibilities beyond the major elements (like carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur) that have been considered essential.
This clearly refers to chemical elements.
Sense 3: "any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter"
Synonyms: chemical element.
This perfectly matches the context of arsenic and essential elements for life.
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: organism
Target surface form: organism
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This <t>organism</t> has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=organism%1:03:00:: | definition=a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently | synonyms=being
2. sense_key=organism%1:14:00:: | definition=a system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body | examples=the social organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "organism".
Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This <t>organism</t> has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic.""
The context is talking about a living thing, specifically a bacteria, that can grow with phosphorus or arsenic.
Sense 1: a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently. Synonyms: being.
Sense 2: a system considered analogous in structure or function to a living body. Examples: the social organism.

The context clearly refers to a living thing (bacteria).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capability
Target surface form: capability
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual <t>capability</t>." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally | synonyms=capableness | examples=he worked to the limits of his capability
2. sense_key=capability%1:26:00:: | definition=the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment | synonyms=capacity | examples=the capability of a metal to be fused
3. sense_key=capability%1:09:00:: | definition=an aptitude that may be developed | synonyms=capableness, potentiality

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "capability".
Context: "This organism has dual capability. It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."
The organism has the ability or susceptibility to grow with either phosphorus or arsenic.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally (capableness)
2. the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment (capacity) - e.g., the capability of a metal to be fused.
3. an aptitude that may be developed (potentiality)

Wait, "dual capability" means it has the ability to do two things (grow with phosphorus or arsenic).
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally.
Sense 2: the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment.
Sense 3: an aptitude that may be developed.

Let's read the context again: "This organism has dual capability. It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."
This refers to the organism's ability to grow with either element.
Is it "the quality of being capable"? Yes, the organism is capable of growing with either.
Wait, let's consider sense 1: "the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally".
Sense 2: "the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment".
Sense 3: "an aptitude that may be developed".

Actually, "capability" in the sense of "ability to do something" is sense 1.
Let's check WordNet for "capability".
Sense 1: the quality of being capable -- physically or intellectually or legally.
Sense 2: the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment.
Sense 3: an aptitude that may be developed.

In the context, "dual capability" means the ability to grow with either phosphorus or arsenic. This is a physical capability.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"he worked to the limits of his capability"
"the capability of a metal to be fused"
"an aptitude that may be developed"

The organism has the physical ability to grow with either phosphorus or arsenic. This is a physical capability.
So sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's review the exact wording: "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."
This is the quality of being capable (physically).
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: phosphorus
Target surface form: phosphorus
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either <t>phosphorus</t> or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=phosphorus%1:27:00:: | definition=a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms | synonyms=P, atomic number 15
2. sense_key=phosphorus%1:17:00:: | definition=a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky | synonyms=morning star, daystar, Lucifer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "phosphorus".
Context: "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic."
This refers to the chemical element phosphorus, which is a nutrient.
Sense 1: a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms. Synonyms: P, atomic number 15.
Sense 2: a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky. Synonyms: morning star, daystar, Lucifer.

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one.
The output format must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arsenic
Target surface form: arsenic
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or <t>arsenic</t>." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:01:: | definition=a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer | synonyms=arsenic trioxide, arsenous anhydride, arsenous oxide, white arsenic, ratsbane
2. sense_key=arsenic%1:27:00:: | definition=a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar | synonyms=As, atomic number 33

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "arsenic".
Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or <t>arsenic</t>." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."

The context talks about "arsenic" as an element that can be used as a nutrient, alongside phosphorus. It mentions "major elements".
Sense 1: a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic; used in manufacturing glass and as a pesticide (rat poison) and weed killer.
Sense 2: a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar.

The context refers to the element itself, as it is compared to phosphorus (another element) and is described as one of the "major elements".
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." Phosphorus is an element. Arsenic here refers to the element.
Sense 2 is "a very poisonous metallic element..."
Sense 1 is "a white powdered poisonous trioxide of arsenic..."

So sense 2 is the correct one.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some <t>form</t> of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "form" in the context: "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies...
The phrase is "some form of truly 'alien' life".
This means a kind, sort, or variety of life.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. phonological or orthographic sound or appearance
2. a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (kind, sort, variety) - "sculpture is a form of art"
3. perceptual structure
4. spatial attributes
5. human body
6. spatial arrangement
7. visual appearance
8. printed document
9. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways
10. arrangement of elements
11. particular mode in which something is manifested
12. distinct state of matter
13. body of students
14. ability to perform well
15. life-size dummy
16. mold for setting concrete

"some form of truly 'alien' life" -> a kind or sort of life.
Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" (kind, sort, variety). Example: "sculpture is a form of art".
This perfectly matches "some form of truly 'alien' life".

Let's double check sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". The text says "new forms of life", "some form of truly 'alien' life". It's not a biological variant within a species, but a category of life.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
"some form of truly 'alien' life" -> kind/sort/variety.
Matches sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: life
Target surface form: life
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' <t>life</t>," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=life%1:26:01:: | definition=a characteristic state or mode of living | examples=social life; city life
2. sense_key=life%1:09:00:: | definition=the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities | synonyms=living | examples=he could no longer cope with the complexities of life
3. sense_key=life%1:26:02:: | definition=the course of existence of an individual; the actions and events that occur in living | examples=he hoped for a new life in Australia; he wanted to live his own life without interference from others
4. sense_key=life%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of living or the state of being alive | synonyms=animation, living, aliveness | examples=while there's life there's hope; life depends on many chemical and physical processes
5. sense_key=life%1:28:00:: | definition=the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death) | synonyms=lifetime, lifespan | examples=the battery had a short life; he lived a long and happy life
6. sense_key=life%1:28:01:: | definition=the period between birth and the present time | examples=I have known him all his life
7. sense_key=life%1:28:02:: | definition=the period from the present until death | examples=he appointed himself emperor for life
8. sense_key=life%1:18:00:: | definition=a living person | examples=his heroism saved a life
9. sense_key=life%1:07:01:: | definition=animation and energy in action or expression | synonyms=liveliness, spirit, sprightliness | examples=it was a heavy play and the actors tried in vain to give life to it
10. sense_key=life%1:03:00:: | definition=living things collectively | examples=the oceans are teeming with life
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon
12. sense_key=life%1:10:00:: | definition=an account of the series of events making up a person's life | synonyms=biography, life story, life history
13. sense_key=life%1:16:00:: | definition=a motive for living | examples=pottery was his life
14. sense_key=life%1:28:03:: | definition=a prison term lasting as long as the prisoner lives | synonyms=life sentence | examples=he got life for killing the guard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "life" in the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond... 'alien' life... Six major elements have long been considered essential for life..."
The context is about the existence of living organisms, the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones, or living things collectively.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. characteristic state or mode of living (social life)
2. experience of being alive (complexities of life)
3. course of existence of an individual
4. condition of living or state of being alive (while there's life there's hope)
5. period during which something is functional
6. period between birth and present
7. period from present until death
8. a living person
9. animation and energy
10. living things collectively (the oceans are teeming with life)
11. the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones (there is no life on the moon)
12. account of series of events (biography)
13. motive for living
14. prison term

The context talks about "new types of life", "new forms of life", "alien life", "essential for life". This refers to the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones, or living things collectively.
Sense 11: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" with example "there is no life on the moon". This perfectly matches "new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere" and "alien life".
Sense 10: "living things collectively" with example "the oceans are teeming with life".
Let's distinguish between 10 and 11. "new types of life", "forms of life", "alien life", "essential for life". "essential for life" strongly points to the organic phenomenon (sense 11). "there is no life on the moon" is very similar to "new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere".
Let's check sense 11 again: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones".
Is it 11? Yes, "life on the moon", "alien life", "essential for life".
Let's consider sense 11.
"there is no life on the moon" -> "new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere"
"essential for life" -> "organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones"

Let's read the context again: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere... finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond... 'alien' life... essential for life".
Sense 11 fits best.
Let's double check sense 10: "living things collectively". "new types of life" could be living things collectively, but "essential for life" refers to the phenomenon or condition.
Wait, "essential for life" -> condition of living? Sense 4: "the condition of living or the state of being alive". Example: "life depends on many chemical and physical processes".
But "new types of life", "forms of life", "alien life" usually map to sense 11 (the organic phenomenon).
Let's look at WordNet for "life":
life%1:19:00:: "the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones" -> "there is no life on the moon"
This is exactly the context of "life on Earth, or elsewhere", "alien life".
Therefore, sense 11 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
11. sense_key=life%1:19:00:: | definition=the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones | examples=there is no life on the moon

Yes, 11 is the most appropriate.
I will output 11.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the <t>report</t> appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "report" in the context: "commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the <t>report</t> appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."
The context refers to a written document describing the findings of some individual or group, specifically a scientific paper published in the journal Science.
Sense 1: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (synonyms: study, written report). This perfectly matches a scientific paper in a journal.
Sense 2: "the act of informing by verbal report"
Sense 3: "a short account of the news"
Sense 4: "a sharp explosive sound"
Sense 5: "a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment"
Sense 6: "an essay (especially one written as an assignment)"
Sense 7: "the general estimation that the public has for a person"

Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science." This is a written document describing findings (a study).
Sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: edition
Target surface form: edition
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond. While researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here in Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential. "This organism has dual capability." "It can grow with either phosphorus or arsenic." "That makes it very peculiar, though it falls short of being some form of truly 'alien' life," commented Paul C. W. Davies of Arizona State University, a co-author of the report appearing in Thursday's online <t>edition</t> of the journal Science. Six major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=edition%1:10:02:: | definition=the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
2. sense_key=edition%1:14:00:: | definition=all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time | examples=the first edition appeared in 1920; it was too late for the morning edition
3. sense_key=edition%1:10:00:: | definition=an issue of a newspaper | examples=he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times
4. sense_key=edition%1:09:00:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=version, variant, variation | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "edition" in the context: "...appearing in Thursday's online edition of the journal Science."
The context refers to a specific issue or version of a publication (the journal Science) released on a specific day (Thursday's online edition).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
2. all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time (e.g., morning edition)
3. an issue of a newspaper (e.g., yesterday's edition of the Times)
4. something a little different from others of the same type (version, variant)

Wait, "online edition of the journal Science" is an issue of a publication.
Sense 3: "an issue of a newspaper" - examples: "he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times". This fits "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science" perfectly, as it refers to a specific issue of a periodical.
Sense 2: "all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time" - examples: "the first edition appeared in 1920; it was too late for the morning edition". Wait, "morning edition" is an example for sense 2. But "yesterday's edition of the Times" is sense 3.
Let's re-read the examples.
Sense 2: "the first edition appeared in 1920; it was too late for the morning edition"
Sense 3: "an issue of a newspaper" | examples="he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times"

Is "journal Science" more like a newspaper issue (sense 3) or a book edition (sense 1) or identical copies (sense 2)?
"Thursday's online edition" refers to the specific issue published on Thursday.
Sense 3 is "an issue of a newspaper". A journal is a periodical, similar to a newspaper in this context (an issue of a periodical).
Let's check sense 3 again. "an issue of a newspaper".
Wait, sense 2 has "morning edition".
Let's consider "issue of a newspaper" vs "all of the identical copies".
"Thursday's online edition" is an issue.
Let's look at WordNet for "edition".
edition%1:10:00:: an issue of a newspaper
edition%1:14:00:: all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time
"Thursday's online edition of the journal Science" -> an issue of a periodical.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's look at the exact phrase: "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science".
Is it sense 3? Yes, "yesterday's edition of the Times" is very similar to "Thursday's online edition of the journal Science".
Let's double check sense 3.
Sense 3: an issue of a newspaper.
Sense 2: all of the identical copies of something offered to the public at the same time.
I'll go with 3.
Wait, "online edition" might be considered an issue.
Let's choose 3.