[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: loss
Target surface form: loss
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the <t>loss</t> of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
2. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation
5. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one | examples=he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather
6. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue | synonyms=red ink, red | examples=the company operated at a loss last year; the company operated in the red last year
7. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture | synonyms=personnel casualty
8. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, departure, exit, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "loss" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The context is about the disappearance or absence of both copies of a gene.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=loss%1:21:01:: | definition=something that is lost | examples=the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt
2. sense_key=loss%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual decline in amount or activity | examples=weight loss; a serious loss of business
3. sense_key=loss%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of losing someone or something | examples=everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock
4. sense_key=loss%1:07:00:: | definition=the disadvantage that results from losing something | synonyms=deprivation | examples=his loss of credibility led to his resignation; losing him is no great deprivation
5. sense_key=loss%1:11:01:: | definition=the experience of losing a loved one
6. sense_key=loss%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue
7. sense_key=loss%1:11:00:: | definition=military personnel lost by death or capture
8. sense_key=loss%1:11:02:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death

Wait, "loss of both copies of the same gene" refers to the act of losing something, or the state of being lost?
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt". This is "something that is lost" or "the act of losing"?
Wait, WordNet sense 1: "something that is lost" (loss%1:21:01::).
Sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something" (loss%1:04:00::).
Sense 4: "the disadvantage that results from losing something" (loss%1:07:00::).
In the context, "the loss of both copies of the same gene" means the act of losing or the state of being lost.
Let's look at similar examples. "loss of livestock" is sense 1. "loss of credibility" is sense 4.
Is "loss of both copies" the act of losing them, or the disadvantage?
Actually, "loss of both copies" is the event/act of losing them.
Let's check sense 1: "something that is lost".
Let's check sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something".
Wait, "loss of both copies" -> the act of losing.
Let's consider "loss of livestock" -> sense 1.
"loss of credibility" -> sense 4.
"loss of both copies of the same gene" -> the act of losing them.
Wait, let's look at the definition of sense 1: "something that is lost".
Sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something".
Sense 4: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
Is "loss of both copies" the act of losing? Yes, the disappearance of the gene.
Wait, let's look at the context: "But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared... showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
"loss" here means the act of losing or the state of being lost.
Let's check WordNet for "loss of both copies".
Could it be sense 1? "something that is lost". No, "loss of both copies" is the act of losing them.
Wait, "loss of livestock" is sense 1. "loss of both copies" is similar to "loss of livestock" (the thing that is lost, or the event of losing).
Actually, "loss" in "loss of both copies" is the act of losing.
Let's check sense 1: "something that is lost".
Let's check sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something".
Let's check sense 4: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
Let's check sense 2: "gradual decline in amount or activity".
Is it sense 1 or 3?
"loss of both copies" -> the act of losing.
Let's search for "loss of" in WordNet.
"loss of livestock" -> sense 1.
"loss of credibility" -> sense 4.
"loss of both copies" -> the act of losing.
Wait, "loss of both copies" is the act of losing.
Let's consider "loss of a gene".
In WordNet, "loss" (act of losing) is sense 3.
Let's look at the examples for sense 3: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock".
What about sense 1? "the car was a total loss; loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt".
"loss of livestock" is the event of losing livestock.
"loss of both copies" is the event of losing both copies.
So it might be sense 1.
Wait, "loss of both copies" is the act of losing.
Let's check sense 1: "something that is lost".
Is "loss of both copies" something that is lost? No, "both copies" is something that is lost. "loss" is the act.
But "loss of livestock" is also the act of losing livestock.
Let's check the exact WordNet definitions.
loss%1:21:01:: "something that is lost"
loss%1:04:00:: "the act of losing someone or something"
If "loss of livestock" is sense 1, then "loss of both copies" might be sense 1.
Wait, "loss of livestock" is sense 1.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"loss of both copies of the same gene" -> the act of losing.
Let's consider "loss" as "the act of losing someone or something" (sense 3).
But "loss of livestock" is sense 1.
Let's look at the context: "the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This is the act of losing.
Is it sense 1 or 3?
"loss of both copies" -> the act of losing.
Let's check sense 1: "something that is lost".
"loss of livestock" -> the livestock is lost.
"loss of both copies" -> the copies are lost.
So sense 1?
Wait, if "loss of livestock" is sense 1, then "loss of both copies" is sense 1.
Let's check sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something". Example: "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock". This is about losing a game or a person.
"loss of both copies" is the disappearance of the copies.
Let's check sense 1 again. "something that is lost".
Is "loss" in "loss of both copies" the thing that is lost? No, the copies are the thing that is lost.
But "loss of livestock" is also "the livestock is lost".
Wait, "loss" in "loss of livestock" is the event of losing.
Let's check WordNet 3.1:
loss n 1: something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
loss n 2: the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue
loss n 3: the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
loss n 4: the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation"
loss n 5: the experience of losing a loved one
loss n 6: gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
loss n 7: military personnel lost by death or capture
loss n 8: euphemistic expressions for death

"loss of both copies of the same gene" -> the act of losing them.
Is it sense 1 or 3?
"loss of livestock" is sense 1.
"loss of both copies" is similar to "loss of livestock".
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, "loss of both copies" is the act of losing.
Let's consider "loss of credibility" -> sense 4.
"loss of both copies" -> sense 1.
Let's think if "loss of both copies" is sense 1.
"loss of livestock" is sense 1.
"loss of both copies" is sense 1.
Let's check if "loss of both copies" could be sense 3.
"the act of losing someone or something"
"loss of both copies" is the act of losing both copies.
But "loss of livestock" is also the act of losing livestock, and it's sense 1.
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"loss of both copies of the same gene"
"loss of livestock"
Both are "loss of [noun]".
I will go with sense 1.
Wait, "loss of both copies" is the act of losing.
Let's look at the definition of sense 1: "something that is lost".
Is "loss of both copies" something that is lost? No, the copies are lost.
But "loss of livestock" is also "the livestock is lost".
So sense 1 is correct.
Let's consider sense 3: "the act of losing someone or something".
"everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock" -> losing a game or a person.
"loss of both copies" -> the copies are lost.
I'll output 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This is the disappearance of the gene.
"loss of livestock" is the disappearance of livestock.
So sense 1.
Let's consider sense 4: "the disadvantage that results from losing something".
"loss of both copies" is not the disadvantage, it's the event.
So sense 1.
I will output 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both <t>copies</t> of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "copies" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The context is about genetics, specifically "copies of the same gene" or "copy of chromosome 13".
A gene copy is a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (a duplicate, a replica, an identical version).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
3. matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. material suitable for a journalistic account

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". A gene copy is an identical or similar version of the gene.

Let's double check.
"loss of both copies of the same gene" -> two identical/similar things (the two alleles or copies of the gene on homologous chromosomes).
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense index: 2.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "same" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the <t>same</t> gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The phrase is "the same gene".
This means the identical gene, not just a similar one.
Sense 1: same in identity (the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice).
Sense 2: closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree.
Sense 3: equal in amount or value.
Sense 4: unchanged in character or nature.

"the same gene" refers to the identical gene (the one that was already mentioned or the identical one on the other chromosome).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "loss of both copies of the same gene" -> the identical gene.
Sense 1: same in identity.
Yes.
Format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lead
Target surface form: lead
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lead%2:38:01:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=take, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
2. sense_key=lead%2:42:04:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=leave, result | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
3. sense_key=lead%2:42:12:: | definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
4. sense_key=lead%2:38:00:: | definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | synonyms=head | examples=The procession was headed by John
5. sense_key=lead%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
6. sense_key=lead%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
7. sense_key=lead%2:41:00:: | definition=be in charge of | synonyms=head | examples=Who is heading this project?
8. sense_key=lead%2:42:01:: | definition=be ahead of others; be the first | synonyms=top | examples=she topped her class every year
9. sense_key=lead%2:41:12:: | definition=be conducive to | synonyms=contribute, conduce | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing
10. sense_key=lead%2:36:00:: | definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=conduct, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
11. sense_key=lead%2:42:03:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=go | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
12. sense_key=lead%2:38:02:: | definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space | synonyms=precede
13. sense_key=lead%2:42:02:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=run | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
14. sense_key=lead%2:32:01:: | definition=preside over | synonyms=moderate, chair | examples=John moderated the discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could <t>lead</t> to the eruption of a cancer."
The target word is "lead".
The phrase is "lead to the eruption of a cancer".
This means "tend to or result in".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. take somebody somewhere
2. have as a result or residue
3. tend to or result in (This remark lead to further arguments among the guests)
4. travel in front of
5. cause to undertake a certain action
6. stretch out over a distance
7. be in charge of
8. be ahead of others
9. be conducive to
10. lead, as in the performance of a composition
11. lead, extend, or afford access
12. move ahead (of others) in time or space
13. cause something to pass or lead somewhere
14. preside over

Sense 3: "tend to or result in" - "This remark lead to further arguments among the guests".
"lead to the eruption of a cancer" fits perfectly with "tend to or result in".

Let's double check sense 3.
sense_key=lead%2:42:12:: | definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests

Yes, "lead to" meaning "result in" is sense 3.
Context: "loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This is exactly "tend to or result in".
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eruption
Target surface form: eruption
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the <t>eruption</t> of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eruption%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material | synonyms=volcanic eruption
2. sense_key=eruption%1:26:02:: | definition=symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
3. sense_key=eruption%1:26:01:: | definition=(of volcanos) pouring out fumes or lava (or a deposit so formed) | synonyms=eructation, extravasation
4. sense_key=eruption%1:11:03:: | definition=a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | synonyms=outbreak, irruption | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
5. sense_key=eruption%1:11:01:: | definition=a sudden very loud noise | synonyms=bang, clap, blast, bam
6. sense_key=eruption%1:11:02:: | definition=the emergence of a tooth as it breaks through the gum

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "eruption" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The context talks about the sudden occurrence or outbreak of a cancer.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. volcanic eruption
2. symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible (like a rash)
3. pouring out fumes or lava
4. a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition) | synonyms=outbreak, irruption | examples=the outbreak of hostilities
5. a sudden very loud noise
6. emergence of a tooth

Sense 4 fits perfectly: "a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition)" -> "the eruption of a cancer". Cancer is an undesirable condition, and its sudden occurrence is an outbreak/eruption.

Let's double check.
"the eruption of a cancer" -> outbreak of a cancer.
Sense 4: a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition). Synonyms: outbreak, irruption.
This matches perfectly.
Sense 2 is about a symptom (like a skin rash).
Sense 4 is the best fit.
Index: 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a <t>cancer</t>. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This refers to a malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
Candidate sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context of "eye tumors", "gene", "chromosome 13", "Fox Chase Cancer Research Center".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfying
Target surface form: satisfying
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily <t>satisfying</t>, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=providing abundant nourishment | synonyms=hearty, solid, square, substantial | examples=a hearty meal; good solid food
2. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=providing freedom from worry | synonyms=comforting, cheering

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "satisfying".
Context: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson... "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=providing abundant nourishment | synonyms=hearty, solid, square, substantial | examples=a hearty meal; good solid food
2. sense_key=satisfying%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=providing freedom from worry | synonyms=comforting, cheering

In the context, "satisfying" means providing freedom from worry, or being satisfactory/comforting/cheering, because the finding confirmed his theory and was a major breakthrough. It is not about providing abundant nourishment (wholesome).
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 2: providing freedom from worry, comforting, cheering.
Yes, "It was extraordinarily satisfying" -> comforting, cheering, satisfactory.
Sense 1: wholesome, hearty, solid, substantial (food).
So sense 2 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "<t>says</t> Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
The context is a direct quote being attributed to Dr. Knudson.
Sense 1: express in words (state, tell). Example: He said that he wanted to marry her.
Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver).
Sense 8: utter aloud.
Sense 13: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.
Wait, let's look at the options.
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
This is the standard "say" for quoting someone. "says Dr. Knudson" -> expresses in words.
Let's check if there's a better fit.
Sense 1: express in words.
Is it sense 1? Yes, "says" in a quote attribution is typically sense 1 (express in words).
Let's review the examples for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Wait, sense 1 is "express in words".
Let's check sense 13: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". Example: "I say let's forget this whole business".
Here, Dr. Knudson is expressing his words, quoting him. "says Dr. Knudson" is a standard reporting verb for a quote.
Sense 1 is the most general and appropriate for "says" in a quote attribution.
Let's double check.
"express in words" -> state, tell.
Yes, "says" here means "expresses in words".
I will choose 1.
Wait, let's look at the exact definition of sense 1: "express in words".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1 is the most common for "says" in a quote.
I'll go with 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, <t>now</t> at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "now" in the context: "It was extraordinarily satisfying," says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.
The word "now" modifies "at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia", indicating his current location or affiliation.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. in the historical present
2. in these times (nowadays, today)
3. used to preface a command
4. at the present moment (at present) - examples: goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. without delay or hesitation
6. (prefatory or transitional)
7. in the immediate past

"now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center" means "at the present moment" or "currently".
Sense 4: "at the present moment" (synonyms: at present; examples: goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator).
This perfectly matches "now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center".

Let's double check.
"now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center" -> currently at.
Sense 4 is "at the present moment".
Yes, sense 4 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 2 "in these times" (nowadays, today). But "now at [place]" is more about the present moment/state of the person, similar to "the now-aging dictator" or "goods now on sale".
Sense 4 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the examples for sense 4: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator". "now at Fox Chase" is exactly like "now on sale" or "now-aging".
So sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: true
Target surface form: true
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=true%3:00:00:: | definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true
2. sense_key=true%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=accurately placed or thrown | synonyms=dead on target | examples=his aim was true; he was dead on target
3. sense_key=true%5:00:02:faithful:00 | definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
4. sense_key=true%3:00:04:: | definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | synonyms=truthful | examples=a true statement; gave truthful testimony
5. sense_key=true%5:00:00:typical:00 | definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab; Pythagoras was the first true mathematician
6. sense_key=true%5:00:00:trustworthy:00 | definition=worthy of being depended on | synonyms=dependable, honest, reliable | examples=a dependable worker; an honest working stiff
7. sense_key=true%5:00:00:sincere:00 | definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | synonyms=genuine, unfeigned | examples=genuine emotion; her interest in people was unfeigned
8. sense_key=true%5:00:00:real:02 | definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage; a spirit which true men have always admired
9. sense_key=true%5:00:00:geographic:00 | definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
10. sense_key=true%5:00:00:legitimate:00 | definition=having a legally established claim | synonyms=lawful, rightful | examples=the legitimate heir; the true and lawful king
11. sense_key=true%5:00:00:harmonious:00 | definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | synonyms=on-key | examples=a true note
12. sense_key=true%5:00:00:even:01 | definition=accurately fitted; level | synonyms=straight | examples=the window frame isn't quite true

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "true" in the context: "I was convinced that what was <t>true</t> of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
The speaker is saying that what is consistent with fact or reality (or applicable/valid) for retinoblastoma would be the same for all cancers.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. consistent with fact or reality; not false. (the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true)
2. accurately placed or thrown
3. devoted to a cause
4. expressing or given to expressing the truth
5. conforming to definitive criteria
6. worthy of being depended on
7. not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed
8. rightly so called
9. determined with reference to the earth's axis
10. having a legally established claim
11. in tune; accurate in pitch
12. accurately fitted; level

In the context, "what was true of retinoblastoma" means "what was the case / consistent with fact / valid for retinoblastoma".
Sense 1: "consistent with fact or reality; not false" fits perfectly. "what was true of retinoblastoma" = what was a fact about retinoblastoma.

Let's double check.
"what was true of retinoblastoma" -> what was the case / factually correct about retinoblastoma.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1: sense_key=true%3:00:00::
Definition: consistent with fact or reality; not false.
Examples: the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 5: conforming to definitive criteria (the horseshoe crab is not a true crab). No.
Sense 8: rightly so called (true courage). No.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output this.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: true
Target surface form: true
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be <t>true</t> for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=true%3:00:00:: | definition=consistent with fact or reality; not false; ; - B. Russell | examples=the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true
2. sense_key=true%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=accurately placed or thrown | synonyms=dead on target | examples=his aim was true; he was dead on target
3. sense_key=true%5:00:02:faithful:00 | definition=devoted (sometimes fanatically) to a cause or concept or truth | examples=true believers bonded together against all who disagreed with them
4. sense_key=true%3:00:04:: | definition=expressing or given to expressing the truth | synonyms=truthful | examples=a true statement; gave truthful testimony
5. sense_key=true%5:00:00:typical:00 | definition=conforming to definitive criteria | examples=the horseshoe crab is not a true crab; Pythagoras was the first true mathematician
6. sense_key=true%5:00:00:trustworthy:00 | definition=worthy of being depended on | synonyms=dependable, honest, reliable | examples=a dependable worker; an honest working stiff
7. sense_key=true%5:00:00:sincere:00 | definition=not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | synonyms=genuine, unfeigned | examples=genuine emotion; her interest in people was unfeigned
8. sense_key=true%5:00:00:real:02 | definition=rightly so called | examples=true courage; a spirit which true men have always admired
9. sense_key=true%5:00:00:geographic:00 | definition=determined with reference to the earth's axis rather than the magnetic poles | examples=true north is geographic north
10. sense_key=true%5:00:00:legitimate:00 | definition=having a legally established claim | synonyms=lawful, rightful | examples=the legitimate heir; the true and lawful king
11. sense_key=true%5:00:00:harmonious:00 | definition=in tune; accurate in pitch | synonyms=on-key | examples=a true note
12. sense_key=true%5:00:00:even:01 | definition=accurately fitted; level | synonyms=straight | examples=the window frame isn't quite true

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "true" in the context: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
The speaker is saying that what is consistent with fact or reality for retinoblastoma would also be consistent with fact or reality for all cancers.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. consistent with fact or reality; not false. (the story is true; it is undesirable to believe a proposition when there is no ground whatever for supposing it true)
2. accurately placed or thrown
3. devoted to a cause
4. expressing or given to expressing the truth
5. conforming to definitive criteria
6. worthy of being depended on
7. not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed
8. rightly so called
9. determined with reference to the earth's axis
10. having a legally established claim
11. in tune; accurate in pitch
12. accurately fitted; level

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers" means "what was consistent with fact or reality for retinoblastoma would be consistent with fact or reality for all cancers."

Let's double check.
"what was true of retinoblastoma" -> what was the case / consistent with fact.
Sense 1: consistent with fact or reality; not false.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
Sense 1: consistent with fact or reality; not false.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all <t>cancers</t>. "It was an audacious claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancers" in the context of "what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers."
The context discusses "malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division", "eye tumors", "gene probes", "retinoblastoma".
This perfectly matches sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream".
Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: audacious
Target surface form: audacious
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an <t>audacious</t> claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:bold:00 | definition=invulnerable to fear or intimidation | synonyms=brave, dauntless, fearless, hardy, intrepid, unfearing | examples=audacious explorers; fearless reporters and photographers
2. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:unashamed:00 | definition=unrestrained by convention or propriety; ; ; - Los Angeles Times; ; ; - Bertrand Russell | synonyms=barefaced, bodacious, bald-faced, brassy, brazen, brazen-faced | examples=an audacious trick to pull; a barefaced hypocrite
3. sense_key=audacious%5:00:00:adventurous:00 | definition=disposed to venture or take risks | synonyms=daring, venturesome, venturous | examples=audacious visions of the total conquest of space; an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "audacious" in the context: "It was an audacious claim."
The context is about a claim that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer, and that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers.
This is a bold, daring, or adventurous claim, venturing a new idea.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. invulnerable to fear or intimidation (brave, dauntless, fearless)
2. unrestrained by convention or propriety (barefaced, brazen)
3. disposed to venture or take risks (daring, venturesome, venturous) - "audacious visions of the total conquest of space; an audacious interpretation of two Jacobean dramas"

The claim is a daring, venturesome idea. It's not about being fearless in the face of physical danger (sense 1), nor is it about being brazen or unashamed (sense 2). It is about taking a risk or venturing a bold new idea (sense 3).
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "audacious claim" -> daring, venturesome.
Yes, sense 3.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious <t>claim</t>. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "claim" in the context: "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The context refers to Dr. Knudson's statement: "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers." This is an assertion that something is true or factual.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. claim%1:10:00:: - an assertion of a right (as to money or property)
2. claim%1:10:02:: - an assertion that something is true or factual (examples: his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims)
3. claim%1:04:00:: - demand for something as rightful or due
4. claim%1:07:02:: - an informal right to something
5. claim%1:07:01:: - an established or recognized right
6. claim%1:10:01:: - a demand especially in the phrase

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "an assertion that something is true or factual". Dr. Knudson's statement is an assertion that what is true of retinoblastoma is true for all cancers.

Let's double check.
"It was an audacious claim." -> an assertion that something is true or factual.
Sense 2 is the best match.
Index: 2.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 2}
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a <t>young</t> molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "young" in the context: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right..."
The word "young" modifies "molecular biologist".
Sense 1: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth. Synonyms: immature. Examples: young people.
Sense 2: (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development.
Sense 3: suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh.
Sense 4: being in its early stage (e.g., a young industry).
Sense 5: not tried or tested by experience.

Dr. Vogelstein is a person, a molecular biologist. "young" here means he is in an early period of life.
Sense 1 is the best fit for a person in an early period of life.
Let's double check. "young molecular biologist" -> young person.
Sense 1: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, let's review sense 1 vs sense 5. "young" in "young molecular biologist" primarily means his age is young, not necessarily untested, though it might imply it. But "young" applied to a person usually maps to sense 1.
Let's check WordNet for "young" as an adjective.
young (adj)
1. young (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth; "young people"
2. young (of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity; "new potatoes"; "young corn"
3. young, youthful, vernal suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh; "he is young for his age"
4. young being in its early stage; "a young industry"; "the day is still young"
5. young, unseasoned, untested, untried not tried or tested by experience; "unseasoned artillery volunteers"; "still untested in battle"

In "a young molecular biologist", it refers to his age. So sense 1.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believed
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, <t>believed</t> Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "believed" in the context: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The structure is "believed [that] Dr. Knudson was right".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. accept as true; take to be true (I believed his report)
2. judge or regard; look upon; judge (I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart)
3. be confident about something (I believe that he will come back from the war)
4. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer
5. credit with veracity (You cannot believe this man)

Wait, "believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> "believed [that] Dr. Knudson was right".
Is it sense 1 (accept as true) or sense 3 (be confident about something)?
Let's check the examples.
Sense 1: I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War.
Sense 3: I believe that he will come back from the war.
Wait, "believed Dr. Knudson was right" is similar to "I believe that he will come back from the war" (belief in a proposition/future event, or confidence in a proposition).
Wait, "believe" + clause.
Let's look at sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true".
Let's look at sense 3: "be confident about something".
Actually, "believe [that] X is Y" is often sense 1 or 3.
Let's re-read the context: "believed Dr. Knudson was right".
Is it "accept as true" (sense 1) or "be confident about something" (sense 3)?
In WordNet, "believe" has:
1. accept as true; take to be true (I believed his report)
2. judge or regard; look upon; judge (I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart)
3. be confident about something (I believe that he will come back from the war)
Wait, "believe Dr. Knudson was right" -> "believe that Dr. Knudson was right".
Is it sense 1 or 3?
Let's check WordNet 3.1:
believe%2:31:00:: accept as true; take to be true
believe%2:31:01:: follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer
believe%2:31:02:: credit with veracity
believe%2:31:03:: be confident about something
believe%2:31:04:: judge or regard; look upon; judge

"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> "believe that he will come back from the war" (sense 3) or "accept as true" (sense 1)?
"believe" + that-clause is often sense 1 or 3.
Wait, "believe" + object + to be (sense 2: I believe her to be very smart). Here it's "believed Dr. Knudson was right", which is "believed [that] Dr. Knudson was right".
Is it sense 1? "accept as true; take to be true".
Let's consider "I believe that he will come back from the war" (sense 3).
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> taking his claim to be true.
Let's look at sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true".
Let's look at sense 3: "be confident about something".
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> he accepted Dr. Knudson's claim as true.
Wait, "believe" + that-clause is sense 1 in many cases, but let's check the exact WordNet examples.
"I believed his report" (sense 1).
"I believe that he will come back from the war" (sense 3).
Is "believed Dr. Knudson was right" closer to "accept as true" or "be confident about something"?
"Dr. Vogelstein ... believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> he accepted the claim as true.
Let's search for "believe" + that-clause in WordNet.
Sense 1: accept as true; take to be true.
Sense 3: be confident about something.
Actually, if it's "believe [that] X is Y", it might be sense 1.
Wait, "believe" + that-clause is often sense 1.
Let's check sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true".
Let's check sense 3: "be confident about something".
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> he took it to be true.
Let's consider "I believe that he will come back from the war" -> this is about a future event, hence "be confident about something".
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> taking a statement/claim to be true. This aligns perfectly with "accept as true; take to be true" (sense 1).
Let's double check.
"believe" (v)
1. accept as true; take to be true
2. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer
3. credit with veracity
4. be confident about something
5. judge or regard; look upon; judge

Wait, the order in the prompt is:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity

"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> he accepted the proposition that Dr. Knudson was right as true.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review "accept as true; take to be true".
Example: "I believed his report".
Here, "believed Dr. Knudson was right" is taking his claim to be true.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 3? "be confident about something". "I believe that he will come back from the war".
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" is not about being confident about a future event, but accepting a scientific claim as true.
So sense 1 is better.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00::
Yes, 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: right
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%3:00:00:: | definition=being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north | examples=my right hand; right center field
2. sense_key=right%3:00:02:: | definition=free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth | synonyms=correct | examples=the correct answer; the correct version
3. sense_key=right%5:00:01:proper:00 | definition=socially right or correct | synonyms=correct | examples=it isn't right to leave the party without saying goodbye; correct behavior
4. sense_key=right%3:00:01:: | definition=in conformance with justice or law or morality | examples=do the right thing and confess
5. sense_key=right%3:00:04:: | definition=correct in opinion or judgment | synonyms=correct | examples=time proved him right
6. sense_key=right%5:00:00:appropriate:00 | definition=appropriate for a condition or purpose or occasion or a person's character, needs | synonyms=proper | examples=everything in its proper place; the right man for the job
7. sense_key=right%3:00:03:: | definition=of or belonging to the political or intellectual right
8. sense_key=right%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=in or into a satisfactory condition | examples=things are right again now; put things right
9. sense_key=right%5:00:00:right-handed:00 | definition=intended for the right hand | synonyms=right-hand | examples=a right-hand glove
10. sense_key=right%5:00:02:proper:00 | definition=in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure | synonyms=correct | examples=what's the right word for this?; the right way to open oysters
11. sense_key=right%5:00:00:perpendicular:00 | definition=having the axis perpendicular to the base | examples=a right angle
12. sense_key=right%5:00:00:outside:00 | definition=(of the side of cloth or clothing) facing or intended to face outward | examples=the right side of the cloth showed the pattern; be sure your shirt is right side out
13. sense_key=right%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
14. sense_key=right%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=precisely accurate | synonyms=veracious | examples=a veracious account

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "right" in the context: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was <t>right</t>, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The context means that Dr. Vogelstein believed Dr. Knudson's claim was correct or true.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. right%3:00:00:: (direction)
2. right%3:00:02:: (free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth) - synonyms=correct. Examples: the correct answer; the correct version.
3. right%5:00:01:proper:00 (socially right or correct)
4. right%3:00:01:: (in conformance with justice or law or morality)
5. right%3:00:04:: (correct in opinion or judgment) - synonyms=correct. Examples: time proved him right.
6. right%5:00:00:appropriate:00 (appropriate for a condition or purpose)
7. right%3:00:03:: (political right)
8. right%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 (satisfactory condition)
9. right%5:00:00:right-handed:00 (intended for the right hand)
10. right%5:00:02:proper:00 (in accord with accepted standards of usage or procedure)
11. right%5:00:00:perpendicular:00 (perpendicular)
12. right%5:00:00:outside:00 (facing outward)
13. right%5:00:00:opportune:00 (most suitable)
14. right%5:00:00:accurate:00 (precisely accurate)

Wait, "believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> correct in opinion or judgment.
Sense 5: "correct in opinion or judgment" (time proved him right).
Sense 2: "free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth" (the correct answer).
Is it sense 5 or sense 2?
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> Dr. Knudson made a claim ("what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers"). Dr. Vogelstein believed this claim was correct.
"correct in opinion or judgment" fits "believed Dr. Knudson was right".
Let's check the examples for sense 5: "time proved him right".
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "the correct answer; the correct version".
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> "right" here is an adjective describing a person's opinion or judgment.
Sense 5: correct in opinion or judgment.
Let's see: "believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> Dr. Knudson was correct in his opinion/judgment.
Sense 5 is "correct in opinion or judgment".
Sense 2 is "free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth".
Usually, "he was right" (about something) is sense 5.
Let's verify.
WordNet:
right (adj)
1. right, correct - free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth; "the correct answer"; "the correct version"; "the right answer"; "took the right road"; "the right decision"
2. right - in conformance with justice or law or morality; "do the right thing and confess"
3. right - correct in opinion or judgment; "time proved him right"
4. right - being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north; "my right hand"; "right center field"; "a right-hand turn"; "the right bank of a river is the bank on your right side when you are facing downstream"
5. right - of or belonging to the political or intellectual right

Wait, the prompt says:
2. sense_key=right%3:00:02:: | definition=free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth | synonyms=correct | examples=the correct answer; the correct version
5. sense_key=right%3:00:04:: | definition=correct in opinion or judgment | synonyms=correct | examples=time proved him right

"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> Dr. Knudson was correct in his opinion or judgment.
Yes, "he was right" is typically sense 5.
Let's double check.
"believed Dr. Knudson was right" -> "right" modifies Dr. Knudson (a person).
Sense 5: "correct in opinion or judgment". Example: "time proved him right".
This perfectly matches "believed Dr. Knudson was right".
I will choose 5.
Let's review the prompt:
5. sense_key=right%3:00:04:: | definition=correct in opinion or judgment | synonyms=correct | examples=time proved him right
Yes, 5 is the best fit.
Another option: 2. "free from error; especially conforming to fact or truth". But "he was right" is specifically "correct in opinion or judgment".
I'll go with 5.
Wait, let's look at the context again: "believed Dr. Knudson was right".
"right" here means his opinion/claim was correct.
Sense 5 is "correct in opinion or judgment".
I am confident in 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set_out
Target surface form: set out
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and <t>set out</t> to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set_out%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=set_out%2:35:00:: | definition=lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line | synonyms=range, array, lay out | examples=lay out the clothes; lay out the arguments
3. sense_key=set_out%2:38:00:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off | examples=The family took off for Florida

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "set out" in the context: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The meaning here is to begin or start an action (to repeat the experiment).
Sense 1: take the first step or steps in carrying out an action. Synonyms: get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about. Examples: We began working at dawn; Who will start?
Sense 2: lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line.
Sense 3: leave.

"set out to repeat" means to begin or start to repeat.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "set out to do something" = begin to do something.
Sense 1 matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: repeat
Target surface form: repeat
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=repeat%2:32:00:: | definition=to say, state, or perform again | synonyms=reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell | examples=She kept reiterating her request
2. sense_key=repeat%2:36:00:: | definition=make or do or perform again | synonyms=duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate | examples=He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick
3. sense_key=repeat%2:30:00:: | definition=happen or occur again | synonyms=recur | examples=This is a recurring story
4. sense_key=repeat%2:32:01:: | definition=to say again or imitate | synonyms=echo | examples=followers echoing the cries of their leaders
5. sense_key=repeat%2:41:00:: | definition=do over | synonyms=take over | examples=They would like to take it over again
6. sense_key=repeat%2:36:01:: | definition=repeat an earlier theme of a composition | synonyms=reprise, reprize, recapitulate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "repeat" in the context: "But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to <t>repeat</t> the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The context is about performing an experiment again.
Sense 1: to say, state, or perform again (reiterate, ingeminate, iterate, restate, retell) - usually for speech or performance.
Sense 2: make or do or perform again (duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate) - examples: "He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick". This fits "repeat the Cavenee experiment".
Sense 3: happen or occur again (recur).
Sense 4: to say again or imitate (echo).
Sense 5: do over (take over).
Sense 6: repeat an earlier theme of a composition (reprise).

"repeat the Cavenee experiment" means to perform the experiment again, to replicate it.
Sense 2 is "make or do or perform again" with synonyms "duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate". This perfectly matches "repeat the experiment".

Let's check Sense 2:
sense_key=repeat%2:36:00::
definition=make or do or perform again
synonyms=duplicate, reduplicate, double, replicate
examples=He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick

Yes, "replicate" is a synonym, and "repeat an experiment" is a classic example of making or doing or performing again.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experiment
Target surface form: experiment
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee <t>experiment</t> in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experiment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation | synonyms=experimentation
2. sense_key=experiment%1:09:00:: | definition=the testing of an idea | synonyms=experimentation | examples=it was an experiment in living; not all experimentation is done in laboratories
3. sense_key=experiment%1:04:01:: | definition=a venture at something new or different | examples=as an experiment he decided to grow a beard

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "experiment".
Context: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The context refers to a scientific experiment, a controlled test or investigation in a laboratory setting (cells from other cancers).
Sense 1: the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation (synonyms: experimentation).
Sense 2: the testing of an idea (examples: it was an experiment in living; not all experimentation is done in laboratories).
Sense 3: a venture at something new or different (examples: as an experiment he decided to grow a beard).

Sense 1 fits best because it's a scientific experiment (Cavenee experiment in cells).
Let's double check.
"repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers" -> conducting a controlled test or investigation.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in <t>cells</t> from other cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cells" in the context of "repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The context is about biology, medicine, cancer, molecular biology, chromosomes, etc.
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This perfectly matches the context of "cells from other cancers".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from <t>other</t> cancers. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "...set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers."
The meaning is "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (i.e., cancers other than retinoblastoma).
Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - examples: "today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works".
Sense 2: "recently past" - "the other evening".
Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" - "early, former".
Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected".

The context clearly uses "other" to mean "different from the one already mentioned" (retinoblastoma).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other <t>cancers</t>. His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancers" in the context of "cells from other cancers" and "a rare childhood cancer of the kidney".
The context is clearly about the medical condition, malignant growth or tumor.
Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense 2: astrology
Sense 3: constellation
Sense 4: zodiac sign
Sense 5: genus of crabs

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia. "I was convinced that what was true of retinoblastoma would be true for all cancers. "It was an audacious claim. But in Baltimore, Dr. Vogelstein, a young molecular biologist at Johns Hopkins Medical School, believed Dr. Knudson was right, and set out to repeat the Cavenee experiment in cells from other cancers. His was one of two research <t>teams</t> in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "teams" (lemma: team).
Context: "His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

In the context, "research teams" refers to a cooperative unit of people working together.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.