[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "comes" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
The phrase is "comes of".
Let's look at the candidate senses.
Sense 13: happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
Sense 5: to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
Wait, "comes of" means "is the product or result of" or "happen as a result".
Let's check Sense 13: "happen as a result" -> "Nothing good will come of this".
Let's check Sense 5: "to be the product or result" -> "Understanding comes from experience".
Wait, "comes of" is specifically "happen as a result" or "be the product or result".
Let's look at the exact wording: "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual".
Is it sense 13 or sense 5?
Sense 13: happen as a result. "Nothing good will come of this."
Sense 5: to be the product or result. "Understanding comes from experience."
Wait, "comes of" is a phrasal verb or just "come" with "of".
Let's check WordNet for "come of".
"come of" -> happen as a result.
Let's see: "Nothing good will come of this" is sense 13.
"intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" -> the intoxication is the result of the intricate ritual.
Let's check sense 13: happen as a result.
Let's check sense 5: to be the product or result.
Wait, "comes of" is often mapped to "happen as a result" (sense 13).
Let's search WordNet for "come of".
"come of" is a synonym for "happen as a result" (sense 13).
Let's check the definition of sense 13: "happen as a result". Examples: "Nothing good will come of this".
Is "comes of" in sense 13? Yes, "come of" means "happen as a result".
Let's check sense 5: "to be the product or result". Synonyms: follow. Examples: "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience".
"comes of" is specifically "happen as a result".
Let's look at the phrase: "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual".
"comes of" = results from.
Sense 13: happen as a result.
Let's consider "come of" in WordNet.
come of: happen as a result. "Nothing good will come of this".
So sense 13 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
"comes of" -> happen as a result.
Yes, sense 13.
Let's review sense 13: sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
Is there any other sense?
Sense 5: to be the product or result.
But "come of" is explicitly "happen as a result".
I will choose 13.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 13. "come of" is a synonym for "happen as a result" in WordNet.
Let's verify: WordNet 3.1:
come of (v.)
1. happen as a result - "Nothing good will come of this"
Yes, "come of" is the lemma for sense 13.
Therefore, sense 13 is the correct one.
Context: "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" -> intoxication happens as a result of intricate ritual.
I will output 13.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ritual" in the context of bell ringing.
The context says: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
The activity is bell ringing, which is described as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
The senses are:
1. any customary observance or practice (rite)
2. the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. stereotyped behavior

Wait, bell ringing is a customary observance or practice, or is it a religious ceremony?
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot...
Is it "any customary observance or practice" (sense 1) or "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" (sense 2)?
Actually, bell ringing is a practice, but is it a religious ceremony? The text says "in a well-known detective-story involving church bells... described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.' Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
Wait, "ritual" here refers to the intricate, faultlessly performed procedure of ringing the bells.
Let's check the senses of "ritual".
Sense 1: any customary observance or practice (rite)
Sense 2: the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
Sense 3: stereotyped behavior

Is bell ringing a religious ceremony? The text mentions "church bells" and "St. Mary Abbot", but the focus is on the "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Wait, sense 1 is "any customary observance or practice".
Sense 2 is "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies".
Sense 3 is "stereotyped behavior".

Let's look at the wording: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"Ritual" in this context refers to the procedure of ringing the bells.
Wait, "ritual" as "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" might be too specific if it's just the procedure of ringing, but it is church bell ringing.
However, Dorothy L. Sayers' quote is about the *activity* of ringing being a ritual.
Let's consider "ritual" as "any customary observance or practice".
Actually, "ritual" in WordNet:
ritual.n.01: any customary observance or practice
ritual.n.02: the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
ritual.n.03: stereotyped behavior

In the quote, "intricate ritual faultlessly performed", it refers to the procedure of ringing. Is it a religious ceremony? Bell ringing is often associated with churches, but the "ritual" here is the intricate procedure of change ringing.
Wait, let's search for "ritual" in WordNet.
"ritual" n.
1. any customary observance or practice
2. the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. stereotyped behavior

Is change ringing a religious ceremony? No, it's a practice or procedure. But wait, "ritual" can mean "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies".
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: rite.
Synonyms for sense 2: religious ritual.
Synonyms for sense 3: ritualism.

"filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
This refers to the procedure of ringing. Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"Ritual" as "any customary observance or practice" fits "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" (the practice of ringing).
Wait, "ritual" in the sense of "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" might be the intended sense if it's considered a religious ceremony, but change ringing is a mathematical/mechanical perfection.
Let's consider sense 1: "any customary observance or practice".
Let's consider sense 2: "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies".
Actually, the quote is from Dorothy L. Sayers' "The Nine Tailors", where bell ringing is the central theme. The ringing itself is the ritual.
Is it sense 1? "any customary observance or practice"
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"ritual" -> "any customary observance or practice" (sense 1).
Wait, "ritual" can also be "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies". But change ringing is not necessarily a religious ceremony, it's a practice.
Let's choose sense 1.

Wait, looking at the context: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's re-read carefully: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
Is "ritual" here meaning "any customary observance or practice"? Yes, the practice of ringing.
Let's consider if it's sense 1.
I will go with sense 1.
Wait, let's think if "ritual" here means "stereotyped behavior" (sense 3). No, "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" implies a structured practice, not just stereotyped behavior.
Between 1 and 2: "any customary observance or practice" vs "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies".
Change ringing is a practice, not necessarily a religious ceremony (though done in churches). The text emphasizes "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection", which aligns with "practice" or "procedure". But sense 1 is "any customary observance or practice".
I'll select 1.
Let's double check.
"ritual"
1. any customary observance or practice
2. the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. stereotyped behavior

"ritual faultlessly performed" -> the practice of ringing.
I'll output 1.
Wait, could it be 1? Yes.
Let's consider if "ritual" in this context is sense 1.
"any customary observance or practice"
Yes.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "performed" in the context: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
The context is about bell ringing, which is described as an "intricate ritual".
The phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" means carrying out or executing the ritual.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. carry out or perform an action (execute, do)
2. perform a function (Who will perform the wedding?)
3. give a performance (of something) (Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera)
4. get (something) done (do)

Wait, "ritual faultlessly performed" - is it sense 1 (carry out or perform an action) or sense 3 (give a performance)?
Ritual is an action or activity. "Carry out or perform an action" fits "ritual faultlessly performed".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette".
Sense 3 is "give a performance (of something)".
Is ringing a performance? The text says "intricate ritual faultlessly performed". "Ritual" is an action or series of actions.
Sense 1: carry out or perform an action.
Let's consider "perform a ritual". "Perform" in the sense of "carry out or perform an action" (execute, do).
Wait, "perform a ritual" is often sense 1.
Let's check WordNet for "perform".
perform%2:36:00:: carry out or perform an action.
perform%2:41:02:: perform a function.
perform%2:36:01:: give a performance (of something).
perform%2:41:00:: get (something) done.

"ritual faultlessly performed" -> carry out or perform an action.
Let's see: "execute a triple pirouette" is sense 1. "perform a ritual" is similar to executing an action.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Sense 1: carry out or perform an action.
Synonyms: execute, do.
Yes, "execute a ritual" or "carry out a ritual".
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Is it sense 1? Yes.
Let's confirm.
"perform" in "ritual faultlessly performed" -> carry out or perform an action.
Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "become" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden...
The context means that ringing enters or assumes a certain state or condition (an obsession).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

"become a bit of an obsession" -> enter or assume a certain state or condition.
Sense 1 fits perfectly. "become an obsession" is like "get an obsession" or "go into a state of obsession".
Wait, sense 1 is "enter or assume a certain state or condition".
Sense 2 is "undergo a change or development".
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" -> it enters the state of being an obsession.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "He became annoyed", "It must be getting more serious".
"become a bit of an obsession" is very similar to "getting more serious" or "becoming annoyed".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession"
Sense 1: enter or assume a certain state or condition.
Yes.
Sense 2: undergo a change or development.
Sense 1 is the standard linking verb sense for "become" + adjective/noun phrase denoting a state.
I will choose 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "obsession".
Context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.
The context talks about bell ringing becoming a passion, a preoccupation.
Candidate senses:
1. obsession%1:16:00:: - an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will (compulsion)
2. obsession%1:09:00:: - an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone (fixation)

In the context, ringing is described as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and "solemn intoxication". It's a preoccupation with something (bell ringing).
Sense 2 fits "preoccupation with something" better than sense 1, which is about "irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will". Bell ringing is not trivial or against one's will; it's a passionate preoccupation.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" -> preoccupation with bell ringing.
Sense 2: an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone.
Sense 1: an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will.
Sense 2 is definitely better.
Index: 2.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "admits" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.
The context shows Stephanie Pattenden stating or acknowledging that ringing becomes a bit of an obsession.
This matches sense 1: "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of" (synonyms: acknowledge).
Let's check the examples: "He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten".
This perfectly matches the usage of "admits" in the context.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "master" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
The context refers to a person who directs or leads a group (the band of ringers).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. artist of consummate skill
2. person who has general authority over others
3. combatant who is able to defeat rivals
4. directs the work of others
5. presiding officer of a school
6. original creation
7. officer licensed to command a merchant ship
8. someone who holds a master's degree
9. authority qualified to teach apprentices
10. key that secures entrance everywhere

"master of the band" means the person who directs the work of others in the band.
Sense 4: "directs the work of others"
Wait, "master of the band" - a band of ringers. The master directs the work of the ringers.
Let's check sense 4: "directs the work of others".
Is there a better fit?
Sense 2: "a person who has general authority over others" (overlord, lord) - too strong.
Sense 4: "directs the work of others" - fits "master of the band" (like a foreman, director, or master of a group).
Let's re-read the context: "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot". A band of bell ringers is a group, and the master directs their work.
Sense 4 is "directs the work of others".
Let's consider "master" as in "master of the band".
Is it sense 4? Yes, "directs the work of others".
Let's double check WordNet for "master".
master%1:18:03:: directs the work of others.
Synonyms: director, manager, etc.
"master of the band" -> directs the work of the band.
I will choose sense 4.
Wait, let's look at sense 4 again. "directs the work of others".
Yes, "master of the band" means the person who directs the work of the band.
Let's confirm.
"master of the band" -> directs the work of others.
I'll output 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "best" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
The word "best" modifies "female ringers".
It means she is highly skilled, expert, or proficient at ringing.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler

Wait, "best" is the superlative of "good".
Is it sense 1? "having the most positive qualities"
Or is it sense 10? "having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude" (synonyms: adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful).
Wait, "best" as an adjective modifying a person who is highly skilled.
Let's check the context: "one of England's best female ringers."
This means she is one of the most skilled female ringers.
Sense 1: (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities.
Sense 10: having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude.
Wait, "best" is the superlative of "good". Sense 1 is the superlative of good.
But wait, in WordNet, "best" as an adjective meaning "most skilled" might be under "best%3:00:00::" or maybe "best" is just the superlative of "good".
Let's see: "best" has sense 1: (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities.
Is there a "best" sense for "most skilled"?
Let's check the synonyms for sense 10: adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful. "best" is not listed as a synonym for sense 10.
Wait, "best" is the target lemma.
Sense 1: best%3:00:00::
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"one of England's best female ringers" -> she is the most skilled.
Is "best" in WordNet mapped to "good" superlative? Yes, sense 1 is "best%3:00:00::".
Let's re-read the candidates.
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful

If "best" is the target lemma, sense 1 is the only one with lemma "best" as the primary word (best%3:00:00::).
Wait, "best" can be an adjective.
Is there any other "best" sense? No, only sense 1 and sense 2 have "best" as the lemma.
Sense 2: best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond.
This is clearly not sense 2.
So it must be sense 1.
Let's double check if "best" can be mapped to sense 1.
"one of England's best female ringers" -> having the most positive qualities (in this case, skill).
Yes, sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the options.
1. best%3:00:00::
10. adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 (lemma is adept, not best, though good is a synonym).
The target lemma is "best".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The definition of sense 1 is "(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities".
This perfectly fits "best female ringers".
I will output 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "female" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
The word "female" modifies "ringers".
Sense 1: being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop. (e.g., a female heir, female holly trees)
Sense 2: characteristic of or peculiar to a woman. (e.g., female sensitiveness, female suffrage)
Sense 3: for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls. (e.g., the female lead in the play; a female chorus)

"female ringers" means ringers who are women.
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls" -> "the female lead in the play; a female chorus".
"female ringers" fits "composed of women or girls" or "pertaining to women".
Wait, sense 1 is "being the sex...". "a female heir" is an example of sense 1.
Is "female ringers" sense 1 or sense 3?
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "the female lead in the play; a female chorus".
"female ringers" is similar to "female chorus" or "female lead".
Let's check sense 1: "a female heir".
Actually, "female" as an adjective meaning "of or pertaining to women or girls" is sense 3.
"one of England's best female ringers" -> a ringer who is a woman.
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
Sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop"
"female ringers" is more about being a woman (sense 3) or being of the female sex (sense 1)?
Wait, "female" modifying a human noun like "ringers" usually falls under sense 3 if it means "composed of women" or "pertaining to women", but "female heir" is sense 1.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 3: none listed, but examples are "the female lead in the play; a female chorus".
"female ringers" is very similar to "female chorus" or "female lead".
Let's consider sense 3.
"for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
Yes, "female ringers" means ringers who are women.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop". This is biological.
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls". This is social/demographic.
"female ringers" is demographic.
So sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"one of England's best female ringers" -> a ringer who is a woman.
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
I'll go with 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of church bells.
The context mentions: "the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision... to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly... Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing... English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.' Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.' 'Ringing does become a bit of an obsession,' admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."

Candidate senses:
1. a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. a person who is almost identical to another
3. a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "passion" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however."
The context talks about bell ringing being an obsession, a strong desire or intense interest.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a strong feeling or emotion
2. the trait of being intensely emotional
3. something that is desired intensely (synonyms: rage; examples: his rage for fame destroyed him)
4. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action (mania, cacoethes)
5. a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. any object of warm affection or devotion (synonyms: love; examples: the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting)
7. the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion

Wait, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
Is it "something that is desired intensely" (3) or "any object of warm affection or devotion" (6)?
Let's re-read the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
Wait, "passion" here refers to the activity of ringing, which is an object of warm affection or devotion, or something that is desired intensely.
Let's check sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting". Here, "passion" refers to the activity itself (ringing) as an object of devotion.
Wait, let's look at sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - "his rage for fame destroyed him".
Let's look at sense 6 again: "any object of warm affection or devotion". "Ringing" is the object of devotion. "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower".
Wait, could it be sense 6? "he has a passion for cock fighting" -> "passion" = the activity.
Let's consider sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion".
Let's consider sense 3: "something that is desired intensely".
Is "passion" in "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" referring to the activity (ringing) as an object of devotion? Yes.
Let's check the examples for sense 6: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting".
In the context, "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower".
So "passion" = ringing, which is an object of warm affection or devotion.
Let's check sense 6.
Wait, let's look at sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion".
Is it sense 6? Yes, "passion" meaning a hobby or activity one is devoted to.
Let's double check sense 3: "something that is desired intensely".
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower".
"passion" here is synonymous with "obsession" or "love" for the activity.
Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" -> synonyms: love. Examples: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting".
This perfectly matches "Ringing ... is a passion".
Therefore, sense 6 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. a strong feeling or emotion
2. the trait of being intensely emotional
3. something that is desired intensely
4. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
5. a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. any object of warm affection or devotion
7. the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion

"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" -> "passion" = the activity of ringing, which is an object of devotion.
Sense 6 fits perfectly.
Let's confirm.
"he has a passion for cock fighting" -> passion = cock fighting.
"Ringing ... is a passion" -> passion = ringing.
Yes, sense 6.
I will output 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "stays" in the context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
The context is about bell ringing, which is a passion that usually remains or continues in the tower.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. stay%2:30:00:: stay the same; remain in a certain state (remain, rest)
2. stay%2:38:00:: stay put (in a certain place) (stick, stick around, stay put)
3. stay%2:42:01:: dwell (bide, abide)
4. stay%2:42:02:: continue in a place, position, or situation (stay on, continue, remain)
5. stay%2:38:01:: remain behind
6. stay%2:30:01:: stop or halt
7. stay%2:42:04:: stay behind (persist, remain)
8. stay%2:42:03:: hang on during a trial of endurance
9. stay%2:41:00:: stop a judicial process
10. stay%2:35:00:: fasten with stays
11. stay%2:34:00:: overcome or allay

"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
This means the passion continues in a place (the tower).
Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation. Synonyms: stay on, continue, remain. Examples: After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please.
Wait, let's consider Sense 4 vs Sense 2.
Sense 2: stay put (in a certain place). "We are staying in Detroit".
Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation. "stay on, continue, remain".
"stays in the tower" -> continues in a place.
Let's check the examples for Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please".
Is it Sense 4? "continue in a place, position, or situation"
Or Sense 2: "stay put (in a certain place)"
Or Sense 7: "stay behind" (persist, remain) - "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up"
Wait, "stays in the tower" -> "The smell stayed in the room" is very similar. "stays in the tower" -> "stay behind" or "continue in a place"?
Let's look at Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Let's look at Sense 7: "stay behind" (persist, remain). Examples: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up".
"passion that usually stays in the tower" -> "The smell stayed in the room". This is a very close match.
Wait, let's re-read Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Is "stay" in "stays in the tower" meaning "remain in a place"?
Let's check WordNet for "stay".
stay%2:42:02:: continue in a place, position, or situation
stay%2:42:04:: stay behind (persist, remain)
Actually, "stay in the tower" might be "continue in a place".
Let's search for "stay in the tower" or similar.
"stay in a place" -> continue in a place, position, or situation.
Wait, "stay" as in "remain in a place" is often Sense 4.
Let's check the examples for Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please".
What about Sense 2: "stay put (in a certain place)" -> "We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!"
What about Sense 7: "stay behind" -> "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up".
"passion that usually stays in the tower" -> "The smell stayed in the room". This is a very strong parallel. The passion remains in the tower, just like the smell remained in the room.
Let's consider Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Is "stay" in "stays in the tower" meaning "remain"? Yes.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: stay on, continue, remain.
Synonyms for Sense 7: persist, remain.
"stays in the tower" -> "remains in the tower".
Let's look at the exact WordNet 3.1 definitions.
stay%2:42:02:: continue in a place, position, or situation
stay%2:42:04:: stay behind
Wait, "stay behind" means to not leave when others leave. Does the passion "stay behind" in the tower? No, it just remains there.
Let's check Sense 4 again. "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Is there a sense "remain in a certain state"? Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".
What about "stay" meaning "remain in a place"?
WordNet 3.1:
stay%2:42:02:: continue in a place, position, or situation
stay%2:42:04:: stay behind
Let's search for "stay in the room" in WordNet. "The smell stayed in the room" is Sense 7.
Is "passion that usually stays in the tower" more like "The smell stayed in the room" (Sense 7) or "continue in a place" (Sense 4)?
"stay in the tower" -> "continue in a place".
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: stay on, continue, remain.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 7: persist, remain.
Actually, Sense 4 is "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Sense 7 is "stay behind".
If I say "The passion stays in the tower", it means it remains there, it doesn't go outside the tower.
"stay behind" implies others left, but it stayed. Here, the ringers might leave, but the passion stays in the tower. "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
So the passion stays in the tower (doesn't go out into the rest of their lives).
This is exactly "stay behind" or "remain".
Let's check Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Let's check Sense 7: "stay behind".
Wait, could it be Sense 4? "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please".
Examples for Sense 7: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up".
"stays in the tower" is very similar to "stayed in the room".
Let's consider Sense 4 vs Sense 7.
"stay behind" (Sense 7) has the synonym "persist, remain".
"continue in a place" (Sense 4) has "stay on, continue, remain".
In WordNet, "stay" meaning "remain in a place" is often Sense 4.
Wait, let's search for "stay in the room" in WordNet.
"The smell stayed in the room" is indeed Sense 7 (stay%2:42:04:: stay behind).
Is "passion that usually stays in the tower" Sense 7?
"stay behind" - to remain after others have left.
Does the passion remain after the ringers leave? Yes, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
This implies the passion does not extend outside the tower; it stays behind in the tower.
Let's check Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
"stay on" implies continuing an activity or position.
"stay in the tower" -> remain in the tower.
Let's look at Sense 4 again. "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Is "stay" in "stays in the tower" Sense 4 or Sense 7?
Let's check the exact definition of Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Definition of Sense 7: "stay behind".
If I say "The passion stays in the tower", it means it remains there.
Let's consider Sense 4. "continue in a place".
Let's consider Sense 7. "stay behind".
I think Sense 4 is more general: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Wait, "stay" as in "remain" is often Sense 4.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: stay on, continue, remain.
Synonyms for Sense 7: persist, remain.
Let's look at the examples for Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please".
Examples for Sense 7: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up".
"stays in the tower" is very close to "stayed in the room".
Let's choose Sense 4. "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Wait, "stay in the tower" -> "continue in a place".
Let's re-read the context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
This means the passion remains in the tower.
Is it Sense 4 or Sense 7?
"stay behind" (Sense 7) specifically means to remain when others leave.
"continue in a place" (Sense 4) means to remain in a place.
I will guess Sense 4 because "continue in a place" fits "stays in the tower" perfectly.
Wait, let's look at Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Let's look at Sense 7: "stay behind".
If the passion "stays in the tower", it doesn't necessarily mean others left. It means it doesn't go outside.
"continue in a place" fits better.
Let's check Sense 4 again. "stay on, continue, remain".
Let's check Sense 7 again. "persist, remain".
I'll go with Sense 4.
Wait, let's search for "stay in the tower" in similar datasets.
"stay" in "stays in the tower" -> remain in a place.
Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation.
Let's consider Sense 4.
Let's consider Sense 7. "The smell stayed in the room".
"stays in the tower" is very similar to "stayed in the room".
I will choose Sense 4.
Let's rethink: "stay" meaning "remain in a place" is Sense 4.
"stay" meaning "stay behind" is Sense 7.
"stay in the tower" -> remain in the tower.
I'll output 4.
Wait, let's look at Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Is "stay" in "stays in the tower" meaning "continue in a place"? Yes.
I will choose 4.
Let's double check Sense 4 vs Sense 7.
Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation.
Sense 7: stay behind.
"stay behind" implies a contrast with someone leaving. "The ringers leave, but the passion stays behind in the tower." This is actually a very good fit for Sense 7!
"More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The ringers go about their lives, but the passion stays in the tower.
"stay behind" (Sense 7) has examples: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up".
This implies something remains after an event or after people leave.
"passion that usually stays in the tower" -> remains in the tower (and doesn't go out into the rest of their lives).
This is exactly "stay behind" or "persist, remain".
Let's look at Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation". Example: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser". This is about a person continuing to be in a place.
Here, the subject is "a passion". A passion staying in a place is more like "The smell stayed in the room" (Sense 7).
Therefore, Sense 7 is a better fit for an abstract noun like "passion" remaining in a place.
Let's check Sense 7: stay%2:42:04:: stay behind. Synonyms: persist, remain. Examples: The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up.
Yes, "passion" is abstract, like "smell" or "hostility".
So Sense 7 is the best fit.
Let's review Sense 7: stay%2:42:04:: stay behind.
I will choose 7.
Wait, let's look at Sense 4 again. "continue in a place, position, or situation".
Could "passion" continue in a place? Yes.
But "stay behind" captures the "doesn't go outside" nuance. "stays in the tower, however" -> implies it doesn't go out.
I'll go with 4. Wait, no, 4 is "stay on, continue, remain".
Let's search for "stay in the tower" in WordNet. No exact match.
Let's consider "stay" as "remain".
Sense 1: stay the same; remain in a certain state. (The dress remained wet)
Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation.
Sense 7: stay behind.
I think Sense 4 is the most standard "remain in a place" sense.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4: stay on, continue, remain.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 7: persist, remain.
"stay in the tower" -> "remain in the tower".
I will choose 4.
Wait, "stay behind" is specifically for when others leave. Does the text say others leave? "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
This means the passion is confined to the tower. It doesn't extend to their daily lives.
"confined to" -> "stay behind"? Or "continue in a place"?
"continue in a place" seems more neutral and accurate for "stays in the tower".
Let's choose 4.
Let's reconsider 4. "continue in a place, position, or situation".
I'll output 4.
Wait, let's look at Sense 4 again. "stay on, continue, remain".
Let's look at Sense 7 again. "stay behind".
I'll go with 4.
Actually, if I look at "stay in the room", it's Sense 7. "The smell stayed in the room".
"passion that usually stays in the tower" is structurally identical to "smell stayed in the room".
Subject (abstract) + stay + in + location.
This strongly points to Sense 7.
Let's choose 7.
Let's check if there is any other sense.
Sense 4: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge..." (Person staying in a place).
Sense 7: "The smell stayed in the room..." (Abstract/thing staying in a place).
"passion" is abstract. So Sense 7 is a better fit.
I will choose 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "tower".
Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells... It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The context is about a church tower (belfry).
Sense 1: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.
Sense 2: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower.
Sense 3: a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships.

Sense 1 fits perfectly, as it refers to the church tower (a structure attached to a larger building).
Sense 2 is for a column or pillar shape (like a tower of dust).
Sense 3 is a tugboat.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "however".
Context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The word "however" here is used to contrast the previous statement ("It is a passion that usually stays in the tower") with the following statement ("More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry").
Wait, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." This means "However, it is a passion that usually stays in the tower."
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) - synonyms: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so.
2. by contrast; on the other hand.
3. to whatever degree or extent.
4. in whatever way or manner.

"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
Does it mean "by contrast; on the other hand"? Or "despite anything to the contrary"?
Let's see: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
Wait, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
Is it "nevertheless"? "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless."
Or is it "by contrast; on the other hand"?
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"
Sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"
In the context, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." This is a contrast to the idea that it's an obsession, or maybe it contrasts with the fact that it's an obsession but it stays in the tower.
Wait, "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
This means "However, it is a passion that usually stays in the tower."
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"by contrast; on the other hand" (sense 2) vs "despite anything to the contrary" (sense 1).
Actually, "however" at the end of a sentence like this often means "nevertheless" or "still".
Let's consider "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." -> "However, it is a passion that usually stays in the tower."
Is it contrasting with the previous sentence? "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
If it's "nevertheless", it fits sense 1.
Let's look at sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)".
Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand".
"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
Could it be sense 1? "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless."
Let's search for similar usages. "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
If I replace with "nevertheless": "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless."
If I replace with "on the other hand": "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, on the other hand." (Doesn't fit well at the end of the sentence).
"however" at the end of a clause usually means "nevertheless" or "still".
Example: "I like him, however." -> "I like him, nevertheless."
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
This means: Even though it's an obsession, it stays in the tower. (Concession: it's an obsession. Contrast: it stays in the tower).
So "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" fits perfectly.
Sense 1.
Let's review the options.
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
2. by contrast; on the other hand
3. to whatever degree or extent
4. in whatever way or manner

Yes, sense 1 is the best.
"however" = nevertheless.
"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless."
Matches sense 1.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Wait, let's re-read the context carefully.
"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
This is a classic "nevertheless" usage.
I am confident in sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "More" in the context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The phrase is "More often than not".
"More" here is an adverb modifying "often".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Wait, "more often than not" uses "more" to form the comparative of the adverb "often".
Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" -> "more interesting", "more beautiful". "more often" fits this perfectly.
Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" -> "he works more now".

Let's check the context: "More often than not" -> "more" modifies "often".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"More often than not" -> "more" is the comparative marker for "often".
Sense 1: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs.
Sense 2: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent.

"More often" is exactly forming the comparative of the adverb "often".
So sense 1 is correct.
Wait, let's see if there is any other sense. The prompt only gives 2 candidate senses.
I will choose 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "often" in the context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
Wait, the target is "often" in "More often than not".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. many times at short intervals (frequently, oftentimes)
2. frequently or in great quantities (much, a great deal)
3. in many cases or instances

"More often than not" means "in most cases" or "in many cases or instances".
Let's see: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
This means "in many cases or instances".
Sense 3: in many cases or instances.
Let's double check.
"More often than not" is an idiom meaning "usually" or "in most cases".
Sense 3 fits "in many cases or instances".
Sense 1 is "many times at short intervals" (e.g., we often met over a cup of coffee).
Sense 2 is "frequently or in great quantities" (e.g., I don't drink much).
Sense 3 is "in many cases or instances".

Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1: often%4:02:00::
2: often%4:02:01::
3: often%4:02:02::

I will output {"sense_index": 3}.
Context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
This means "in many cases or instances".
Yes, sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of church bells.
The context mentions: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
"English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
"Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
"master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
"More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Candidate senses:
1. a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. a person who is almost identical to another
3. a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
The target is "think of".
The phrase is "think of [something] as [something]".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. keep in mind for attention or consideration (remember)
2. take into consideration, have in view (entertain, toy with)
3. look on as or consider (repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be) - examples: "she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician"
4. intend to refer to (have in mind, mean)
5. devise or invent (think up, dream up)
6. choose in one's mind

The context "think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" perfectly matches sense 3: "look on as or consider" (regard as, look upon, take to be). The example "He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician" is structurally identical to "think of the church as something...".

Therefore, sense 3 is the best match.
Checking the index: 3.
Output format: {"sense_index": 3}.