[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: side
Context:
The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his <t>side</t>. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "side" in the context: "History, after all, is not on his side."
The phrase "on his side" means supporting him, or being in his favor.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location
2. one of two or more contesting groups
3. either the left or right half of a body
4. a surface forming part of the outside of an object
5. an extended outer surface of an object
6. an aspect of something
7. a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure
8. a family line of descent
9. a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food
10. an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute (position)
Wait, "on his side" meaning supporting him. Let's re-read the senses.
Is there a sense for "support" or "favor"?
Let's check sense 2: "one of two or more contesting groups" - "the Confederate side was prepared to attack". "History is not on his side" -> History is not on the side of the group he belongs to, or History is not supporting him.
Wait, let's look at WordNet for "side".
side%1:14:00:: "one of two or more contesting groups" -> "the Confederate side was prepared to attack".
Is there another sense?
What about "side" as in "on my side"?
Let's check WordNet:
side%1:14:00:: one of two or more contesting groups. "the Confederate side was prepared to attack"
Wait, "on his side" could be sense 2.
Let's check sense 10: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute"
Let's check sense 1: "a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location" -> "he never left my side"
Wait, "History is not on his side" means History is not supporting him.
Is there a sense for "support"?
Let's search WordNet for "side".
side%1:14:00:: one of two or more contesting groups.
Wait, "on his side" -> "History is not on his side".
Could it be sense 2? "one of two or more contesting groups".
Let's consider "side" in "on his side".
In WordNet, "side" has:
- side%1:14:00:: one of two or more contesting groups (e.g., "the Confederate side was prepared to attack")
- side%1:14:01:: a family line of descent
- side%1:15:00:: a surface forming part of the outside of an object
- side%1:15:01:: a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure
- side%1:15:02:: a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location (e.g., "he never left my side")
- side%1:17:01:: an elevated geological formation
- side%1:06:00:: an extended outer surface of an object
- side%1:08:00:: either the left or right half of a body
- side%1:09:00:: an aspect of something
- side%1:10:00:: an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute
- side%1:11:00:: (sports) the spin given to a ball
- side%1:13:00:: a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass

Wait, "History is not on his side" -> History is not on the side of the group he is in, or History is not supporting him.
If "side" means "one of two or more contesting groups", then "History is not on his side" means History is not on the group he is part of.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"History is not on his side" -> History is not supporting him.
Is "side" here meaning "one of two or more contesting groups"? Yes, in a contest between him and history, history is not on his side.
Or maybe "side" as in "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute"? No.
Let's look at sense 2: "one of two or more contesting groups".
Example: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack".
If I say "History is not on his side", it means History is not on the side of the group he is in, or History is not supporting him.
Wait, let's search for "on his side" in WordNet.
"he never left my side" is sense 1.
"on the heavy side" is sense 6.
"on the purchasing side" is sense 6.
"on his side" -> "History is not on his side".
Could it be sense 2? "one of two or more contesting groups".
Let's consider "side" as in "support". WordNet doesn't have a specific "support" sense for "side", but "one of two or more contesting groups" fits "on his side" (i.e., on the group he is in, or on his team).
Wait, "History is not on his side" -> History is not on the side of the group he belongs to.
Let's check sense 2 again. "one of two or more contesting groups".
Is there any other sense?
What about sense 10: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute"? No.
What about sense 1: "a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location"? "he never left my side". "History is not on his side" - History is not in the place relative to him? No, it's metaphorical.
Metaphorical "side" as in "team" or "group" is sense 2.
"History is not on his side" -> History is not on his team.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"History, after all, is not on his side."
"side" = one of two or more contesting groups.
Yes, "on his side" means on his team, on the group he is part of.
Sense 2: one of two or more contesting groups.
Examples: the Confederate side was prepared to attack.
Synonyms: party, faction, side.
This perfectly matches "on his side" (on his team/faction).

Let's review the options.
1. a place within a region...
2. one of two or more contesting groups
3. either the left or right half of a body
4. a surface forming part of the outside of an object
5. an extended outer surface of an object
6. an aspect of something
7. a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure
8. a family line of descent
9. a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food
10. an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute
11. an elevated geological formation
12. (sports) the spin given to a ball

Sense 2 is the only one that makes sense for "on his side" in the context of a struggle or contest (keeping the bells ringing vs. history/demographics).
"History is not on his side" -> History is not on the side of the group he is in.
I will choose 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide <t>survey</t> taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survey" in the context: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
The context refers to a nationwide survey, which is a detailed critical inspection or study of a population (nationwide).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight

A nationwide survey is a study or detailed critical inspection (of a population or situation). Sense 1 fits best.
Wait, let's double check. "nationwide survey" -> a study.
Sense 1: a detailed critical inspection (study).
Sense 2: short descriptive summary.
Sense 3: the act of looking or seeing or observing.

"nationwide survey taken a year ago" -> a study.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the definition of sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" (synonyms: study).
Yes, a survey in this context is a study.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
The target word is "taken".
The phrase is "survey taken a year ago".
This means a survey was conducted, carried out, or administered.
Let's look at the candidate senses.
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space)
...
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
Wait, "take a survey" means to conduct or carry out a survey.
Let's check sense 1: "carry out" - take action, take steps.
Is there a better sense for "take a survey"?
Let's check sense 1: "carry out"
Wait, "take a survey" -> "carry out" a survey.
Let's see: "take a survey" is often "carry out".
Let's check sense 1: take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps.
Is there a sense for "conduct"?
Let's look at sense 1: "carry out".
What about sense 24: "ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial" - take a pulse, a reading was taken.
What about sense 1: "carry out" - take action, take steps.
Wait, "take a survey" is an action. "A survey taken a year ago" -> a survey carried out a year ago.
Let's check if there is a sense for "conduct" or "carry out".
Sense 1: take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps.
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "take a survey" = "carry out a survey".
Let's review the options.
1. carry out
2. require
3. take somebody somewhere
4. get into one's hands
5. take on a certain form
6. interpret
7. take something with oneself
8. take into one's possession
9. travel
10. pick out
11. receive willingly
12. assume, as of positions or roles
13. take into consideration
14. require as useful
15. experience or feel
16. make a film
17. remove
18. serve oneself to
19. accept or undergo
20. make use of
21. take by force
22. occupy or take on
23. admit into a group
24. ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial
25. be a student of
26. take as an undesirable consequence
27. head into a specified direction
28. point or cause to go
29. be seized or affected
30. have with oneself
31. engage for service
32. receive or obtain regularly
33. buy, select
34. to get into a position of having
35. have sex with
36. lay claim to
37. be designed to hold or take
38. be capable of holding or containing
39. develop a habit
40. proceed along in a vehicle
41. obtain by winning
42. be stricken by an illness

"take a survey" -> "carry out" a survey.
Sense 1: "carry out" (take action, take steps).
Is there any other sense?
"take a survey" -> "carry out"
Let's check WordNet for "take a survey".
"take" as in "take a survey" is often mapped to "carry out" or "conduct".
Sense 1: take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps.
Yes, "take a survey" is an instance of carrying out an action.
Let's double check if there's any other.
"take a reading" is sense 24. But a survey is not just a reading, it's an action carried out.
"take a survey" -> carry out.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's think if "take a survey" could be sense 1.
"take a survey" = "carry out a survey".
Yes, "take" in "take a survey" means to conduct or carry out.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Another option: "take" as in "take a poll" -> carry out.
I'll go with 1.
Let's review the context: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago..."
"taken" = carried out.
Sense 1: carry out.
I am confident in 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a <t>year</t> ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "year" in the context: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
The phrase is "a year ago".
This refers to a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
Sense 1: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
Sense 2: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity (e.g., school year).
Sense 3: the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun.
Sense 4: a body of students who graduate together.

"a year ago" clearly refers to a period of time containing 365 days.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"taken a year ago" -> 12 months ago.
Sense 1: year%1:28:01::
Matches perfectly.
Output format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "church" in the context: "who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."
The context talks about driving from one church to another to ring the bells in the belfries.
This refers to the physical building where the bells are located.
Sense 1: one of the groups of Christians
Sense 2: a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)
Sense 3: a service conducted in a house of worship
Sense 4: the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

Driving from church to church to ring bells in belfries clearly refers to the physical buildings.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "drive every Sunday from church to church" -> physical locations.
Sense 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship"
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bells" in the context of church bells being rung.
Context: "...keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia." "...keep the Aslacton bells pealing." "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays..."
The context refers to the physical hollow devices made of metal that make a ringing sound when struck, specifically church bells.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door...
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units...
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician...
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter...
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor...
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells...
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck". This perfectly matches "church bells" that are "rung" and "pealing".
Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck". The context says "keep the bells sounding", "keep the Aslacton bells pealing", "church bells are no longer rung". The bells themselves are the objects being rung. "keep the bells sounding" -> the bells are the devices.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "keep the bells sounding" -> bells = hollow device. "church bells" -> hollow device.
Yes, sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: no
Target surface form: no
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "no" in the context: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
The phrase is "no longer".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Wait, "no longer" is a phrase. The word "no" here modifies "longer".
Is it sense 1? "no more" is a synonym for sense 1. "no longer" is similar to "no more".
Let's check the examples: "he was no heavier than a child" -> "no" modifies the comparative.
In "no longer", "no" modifies the comparative "longer".
Wait, sense 1 has synonym "no more". "no longer" is very similar to "no more".
Let's re-read sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present".
Wait, sense 1 is "no" as in "no more".
Let's check sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all". Example: "he is no better today".
Wait, "no longer" means "not any longer".
Is "no" in "no longer" sense 1 or 2?
Let's look at WordNet for "no".
no%4:02:02:: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" -> synonyms: no more.
no%4:02:01:: "not in any degree or manner; not at all" -> examples: he is no better today.
Wait, "no longer" is an adverbial phrase. "no" modifies "longer".
In WordNet, "no" has senses:
1. no%4:02:00:: used to express refusal or denial...
2. no%4:02:01:: not in any degree or manner; not at all (he is no better today)
3. no%4:02:02:: referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present (no more)

Wait, "no longer" is synonymous with "no more".
Let's see: "no longer" -> "no" + "longer".
If the synonym is "no more", then sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's check the exact WordNet entry for "no".
no (adverb)
1. no - used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement; "no, you are wrong"
2. no - not in any degree or manner; not at all; "he is no better today"
3. no - referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present; "he was no heavier than a child"

Wait, "no longer" is an adverb. "no" in "no longer" is an adverb.
Is "no longer" considered sense 1, 2, or 3?
"no longer" means "not any longer".
In "he was no heavier than a child", "no" modifies "heavier".
In "no longer", "no" modifies "longer".
So it's sense 1 (index 1 in the prompt, which is sense 3 in WordNet, but the prompt says "1. sense_key=no%4:02:02::").
Wait, the prompt says:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

"no longer" is very close to "no more". The synonym for sense 1 is "no more".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "no longer" = "no more".
"no" in "no longer" is modifying the comparative "longer", just like "no" in "no heavier" modifies the comparative "heavier".
So sense 1 is correct.
The index is 1.
Let's review the prompt: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
So I will return {"sense_index": 1}.
Wait, is "no longer" an idiom where "no" is sense 1? Yes, "no more" is explicitly listed as a synonym for sense 1.
"no longer" is synonymous with "no more".
I am confident it is 1.
Context: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays"
"no longer" -> "no" modifies "longer".
Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present", synonyms: "no more".
Matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "rung", which is the past participle of "ring".
The context is: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
The context talks about ringing church bells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sound loudly and sonorously (the bells rang)
2. ring or echo with sound (the hall resounded with laughter)
3. make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification (Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church)
4. get or try to get into communication by telephone
5. extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle
6. attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify

The context says "no one to ring them" and "church bells are no longer rung". This is an action performed by a person ("no one to ring them").
Sense 3: "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" - examples: "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church". This perfectly matches the context of people ringing church bells.
Sense 1 is intransitive ("the bells rang"), but "rung" here is transitive ("bells are no longer rung [by someone]").
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
"make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" -> sense 3.
Yes, sense 3 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sundays
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Sundays".
Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
This refers to the first day of the week, observed as a day of rest and worship.
Candidate sense 1: first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians.
Candidate sense 2: United States evangelist (1862-1935).

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one.
The output format must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ring" in the context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them."
The context is about ringing church bells.
Candidate senses:
1. sound loudly and sonorously (the bells rang)
2. ring or echo with sound (the hall resounded with laughter)
3. make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification (Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church)
4. get into communication by telephone
5. extend on all sides
6. attach a ring to the foot of

The context says "no one to ring them" (the bells). This is a transitive verb meaning to make the bells ring.
Sense 3: "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" with examples "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church".
This perfectly matches "no one to ring them" (the church bells).

Let's double check.
"nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
Sense 3 is the transitive sense of ringing bells.
Sense 1 is intransitive: "the bells rang".
Therefore, sense 3 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: easy
Target surface form: easy
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is <t>easy</t> to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=easy%3:00:01:: | definition=posing no difficulty; requiring little effort | examples=an easy job; an easy problem
2. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unhurried:00 | definition=not hurried or forced | synonyms=easygoing, leisurely | examples=an easy walk around the block; at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace
3. sense_key=easy%3:00:02:: | definition=free from worry or anxiety | examples=knowing that I had done my best, my mind was easy; an easy good-natured manner
4. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=affording pleasure | examples=easy good looks
5. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:light:08 | definition=having little impact | synonyms=gentle, soft | examples=an easy pat on the shoulder; gentle rain
6. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:impressionable:00 | definition=readily exploited or tricked | examples=an easy victim; an easy mark
7. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:rich:00 | definition=in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich | synonyms=comfortable, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated | examples=they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards; easy living
8. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:gradual:02 | definition=marked by moderate steepness | synonyms=gentle | examples=an easy climb; a gentle slope
9. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:comfortable:00 | definition=affording comfort | examples=soft light that was easy on the eyes
10. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unchaste:00 | definition=casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior | synonyms=light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton | examples=her easy virtue; he was told to avoid loose (or light) women
11. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=less in demand and therefore readily obtainable | examples=commodities are easy this quarter
12. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=obtained with little effort or sacrifice, often obtained illegally | examples=easy money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "easy" in the context: "It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes."
The phrase "easy to see" means it is not difficult to understand or perceive.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. posing no difficulty; requiring little effort (an easy job; an easy problem)
2. not hurried or forced
3. free from worry or anxiety
4. affording pleasure
5. having little impact
6. readily exploited or tricked
7. in fortunate circumstances financially
8. marked by moderate steepness
9. affording comfort
10. casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior
11. less in demand and therefore readily obtainable
12. obtained with little effort or sacrifice

"easy to see" fits sense 1: posing no difficulty; requiring little effort.
Let's double check. "It is easy to see why..." -> It requires little effort to see why.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes."
The word "see" here means to understand or perceive mentally.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. perceive by sight
2. perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. perceive or be contemporaneous with
4. imagine; conceive of
5. deem to be
6. get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally
...
Sense 2 fits perfectly: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally". "It is easy to understand why the ancient art is on the ropes."

Let's double check.
"It is easy to see why..." -> "It is easy to understand why..."
Sense 2: sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point

Yes, sense 2 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 6 (get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally) - no.
Sense 24: make sense of; assign a meaning to - no.
Sense 2 is the most direct match for "understand".
"It is easy to see why" = "It is easy to understand why".
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the <t>ancient</t> art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ancient" in the context: "It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes."
The art being referred to is ringing church bells, which is an old tradition.
Sense 1: belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Sense 2: very old.

The art of ringing church bells is not from before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but it is a very old tradition.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "ancient art" -> very old art.
Sense 2: very old.
Matches "ancient mariner" (very old).
I will choose sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art
2. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "art" in the context: "It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
The context is talking about the skill or practice of ringing church bells.
Sense 1: products of human creativity (works of art collectively)
Sense 2: creation of beautiful or significant things (artistic creation)
Sense 3: a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation (artistry, prowess) - e.g., the art of conversation.
Sense 4: photographs or other visual representations.

Ringing bells is a skill learned by study and practice. "the ancient art" refers to the skill of bell ringing.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "the ancient art" -> "the art of conversation" -> a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation.
Yes, sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The <t>less</t> complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a lesser extent | examples=less interesting; less expensive
2. sense_key=less%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of little | examples=she walks less than she should; he works less these days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "less" in the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells..."
The word "less" is modifying the adjective "complicated".
Sense 1: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs. Examples: less interesting; less expensive.
Sense 2: comparative of little. Examples: she walks less than she should; he works less these days.

In the context, "less" is used to form the comparative of the adjective "complicated".
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: version
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated <t>version</t> of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "version" in the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
The context contrasts "the less complicated version of playing tunes on bells" with "Change-ringing".
This refers to a variant or variation of playing tunes on bells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint
2. something a little different from others of the same type (variant, variation, edition)
3. a written work recast in a new form
4. a written communication in a second language (translation)
5. a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
6. manual turning of a fetus

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "something a little different from others of the same type" (variant, variation). The less complicated variation of playing tunes on bells.

Let's double check.
"version of playing tunes on bells" -> a variant or variation of the activity.
Sense 2: "something a little different from others of the same type" -> variant, variation, edition.
Yes, sense 2 is the best fit.
Context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells..."
Matches sense 2.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: play
Target surface form: playing
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of <t>playing</t> tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=play%2:33:00:: | definition=participate in games or sport | examples=We played hockey all afternoon; play cards
2. sense_key=play%2:41:12:: | definition=act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome | examples=This factor played only a minor part in his decision; This development played into her hands
3. sense_key=play%2:36:12:: | definition=play on an instrument | examples=The band played all night long
4. sense_key=play%2:36:02:: | definition=play a role or part | synonyms=act, represent | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet; She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role
5. sense_key=play%2:41:03:: | definition=be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children | examples=The kids were playing outside all day; I used to play with trucks as a little girl
6. sense_key=play%2:36:00:: | definition=replay (as a melody) | synonyms=spiel | examples=Play it again, Sam; She played the third movement very beautifully
7. sense_key=play%2:36:01:: | definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) | examples=He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?
8. sense_key=play%2:29:01:: | definition=pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind | synonyms=act, act as | examples=He acted the idiot; She plays deaf when the news are bad
9. sense_key=play%2:38:00:: | definition=move or seem to move quickly, lightly, or irregularly | examples=The spotlights played on the politicians
10. sense_key=play%2:33:01:: | definition=bet or wager (money) | examples=He played $20 on the new horse; She plays the races
11. sense_key=play%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in recreational activities rather than work; occupy oneself in a diversion | synonyms=recreate | examples=On weekends I play; The students all recreate alike
12. sense_key=play%2:36:06:: | definition=pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity | examples=Let's play like I am mommy; Play cowboy and Indians
13. sense_key=play%2:36:11:: | definition=emit recorded sound | examples=The tape was playing for hours; the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered
14. sense_key=play%2:36:03:: | definition=perform on a certain location | examples=The prodigy played Carnegie Hall at the age of 16; She has been playing on Broadway for years
15. sense_key=play%2:33:03:: | definition=put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game | examples=He is playing his cards close to his chest; The Democrats still have some cards to play before they will concede the electoral victory
16. sense_key=play%2:29:00:: | definition=engage in an activity as if it were a game rather than take it seriously | synonyms=toy | examples=They played games on their opponents; play the stock market
17. sense_key=play%2:41:02:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=play safe; play it safe
18. sense_key=play%2:36:05:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=run | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
19. sense_key=play%2:35:00:: | definition=manipulate manually or in one's mind or imagination | synonyms=toy, fiddle, diddle | examples=She played nervously with her wedding ring; Don't fiddle with the screws
20. sense_key=play%2:34:13:: | definition=use to one's advantage | examples=She plays on her clients' emotions
21. sense_key=play%2:31:01:: | definition=consider not very seriously | synonyms=dally, trifle | examples=He is trifling with her; She plays with the thought of moving to Tasmania
22. sense_key=play%2:42:00:: | definition=be received or accepted or interpreted in a specific way | examples=This speech didn't play well with the American public; His remarks played to the suspicions of the committee
23. sense_key=play%2:41:13:: | definition=behave carelessly or indifferently | synonyms=dally, toy, flirt | examples=Play about with a young girl's affection
24. sense_key=play%2:38:03:: | definition=cause to move or operate freely within a bounded space | examples=The engine has a wheel that is playing in a rack
25. sense_key=play%2:36:10:: | definition=perform on a stage or theater | synonyms=act, roleplay, playact | examples=She acts in this play; He acted in `Julius Caesar'
26. sense_key=play%2:36:04:: | definition=be performed or presented for public viewing | examples=What's playing in the local movie theater?; `Cats' has been playing on Broadway for many years
27. sense_key=play%2:36:13:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, work, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
28. sense_key=play%2:35:07:: | definition=discharge or direct or be discharged or directed as if in a continuous stream | examples=play water from a hose; The fountains played all day
29. sense_key=play%2:33:07:: | definition=make bets | examples=Play the races; play the casinos in Trouville
30. sense_key=play%2:33:08:: | definition=stake on the outcome of an issue | synonyms=bet, wager | examples=I bet $100 on that new horse; She played all her money on the dark horse
31. sense_key=play%2:33:09:: | definition=shoot or hit in a particular manner | examples=She played a good backhand last night
32. sense_key=play%2:33:13:: | definition=use or move | examples=I had to play my queen
33. sense_key=play%2:33:12:: | definition=employ in a game or in a specific position | examples=They played him on first base
34. sense_key=play%2:33:02:: | definition=contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle | synonyms=meet, encounter, take on | examples=Princeton plays Yale this weekend; Charlie likes to play Mary
35. sense_key=play%2:29:04:: | definition=exhaust by allowing to pull on the line | examples=play a hooked fish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "playing" in the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
The phrase is "playing tunes on bells".
This means performing music on a musical instrument (bells).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. participate in games or sport
2. act or have an effect
3. play on an instrument (The band played all night long)
4. play a role or part
5. be at play
6. replay (as a melody)
7. perform music on (a musical instrument) (He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?)
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> perform music on a musical instrument.
Sense 7: play%2:36:01:: definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) | examples=He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?
Sense 3: play%2:36:12:: definition=play on an instrument | examples=The band played all night long
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> "play tunes on bells".
Sense 7 is "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's see: "playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on bells".
Is it sense 7? "perform music on (a musical instrument)"
Let's check sense 7: "He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?"
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on bells".
Sense 7: perform music on (a musical instrument).
Sense 6: replay (as a melody) - synonyms=spiel.
Sense 3: play on an instrument.
Let's look at the phrasing: "playing tunes on bells".
"play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Sense 7: perform music on (a musical instrument).
Wait, "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Is it sense 7? "perform music on (a musical instrument)"
Let's check the examples for sense 7: "He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?"
What about sense 3? "play on an instrument"
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Sense 7 is "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's check sense 7 vs sense 3.
Sense 7: play%2:36:01:: definition=perform music on (a musical instrument)
Sense 3: play%2:36:12:: definition=play on an instrument
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Is "play" transitive here? "playing tunes".
Sense 7: "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Sense 6: "replay (as a melody)".
Sense 7 is "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's check WordNet for "play" + "tunes" + "on".
"play" (verb)
- play on an instrument (3)
- perform music on (a musical instrument) (7)
Wait, "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
"play" + "tunes" -> "play" (transitive) + "tunes".
Sense 7: "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's check the exact WordNet definition for sense 7: "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Examples: "He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?"
Wait, "playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Is it sense 7? Yes, "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's consider "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
"play" + "tunes" -> "play" (transitive).
Sense 7: "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
Let's check sense 7.
Wait, "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Could it be sense 7? Yes.
Let's check sense 7: play%2:36:01::
Let's check sense 3: play%2:36:12::
"play on an instrument"
"playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
"play" + "tunes" is transitive.
Sense 7: "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
I will choose 7.
Wait, let's look at the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe..."
"playing tunes on bells" -> "play" + "tunes" + "on" + "bells".
Sense 7: perform music on (a musical instrument).
Yes, 7 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 7.
"perform music on (a musical instrument)"
Examples: "He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?"
Yes, "playing tunes on bells" fits "perform music on (a musical instrument)".
I will output 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tune
Target surface form: tunes
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing <t>tunes</t> on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tune%1:10:00:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
2. sense_key=tune%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of producing accurately a note of a given pitch | examples=he cannot sing in tune; the clarinet was out of tune
3. sense_key=tune%1:04:00:: | definition=the adjustment of a radio receiver or other circuit to a required frequency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "tunes" in the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
The context talks about playing tunes on bells, carillons, which involves a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence (melody).
Sense 1: a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence (melody, air, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase).
Sense 2: the property of producing accurately a note of a given pitch.
Sense 3: the adjustment of a radio receiver or other circuit to a required frequency.

"playing tunes on bells" clearly refers to melodies.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on <t>bells</t>, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bells" in the context: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on <t>bells</t>, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration."

The context talks about "church bells", "playing tunes on bells", "change-ringing", "some bells weigh more than a ton".
This clearly refers to the physical hollow devices made of metal that make a ringing sound when struck.
Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck"
Sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck"
Sense 9: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument"

The text says "some bells weigh more than a ton", which refers to the physical object, not just the sound or the orchestral instrument.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"keeps the Aslacton bells pealing"
"church bells are no longer rung"
"playing tunes on bells"
"some bells weigh more than a ton"
This is definitely the physical object.
Sense 1: bell%1:06:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: europe
Target surface form: Europe
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental <t>Europe</t>, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=europe%1:17:00:: | definition=the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles
2. sense_key=europe%1:14:00:: | definition=an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members | synonyms=European Union, EU, European Community, EC, European Economic Community, EEC | examples=he tried to take Britain into the Europen Union
3. sense_key=europe%1:14:01:: | definition=the nations of the European continent collectively | examples=the Marshall Plan helped Europe recover from World War II

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Europe" in the context: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
The context refers to the continent of Europe, specifically "continental Europe", contrasting it with the British Isles (England).
Sense 1: the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles.
Sense 2: European Union.
Sense 3: the nations of the European continent collectively.

"continental Europe" refers to the continent itself, excluding the British Isles. Sense 1 explicitly mentions "the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles". This perfectly matches the context where "the English" contrast their change-ringing with the carillons of "continental Europe".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"continental Europe" -> the continent.
Sense 1: the 2nd smallest continent... the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles.
Yes, Sense 1.
Context: "continental Europe"
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.