[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
The context is about medical treatment, specifically "malignant pleural mesothelioma", "non-small cell lung cancer", "chemotherapy", "survival time", "squamous cells".
This clearly refers to the disease, a malignant growth or tumor.
Candidate sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "affecting" (lemma: affect).
Context: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
The cancer is physically acting on or having an effect upon the squamous cells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. affect%2:30:00:: have an effect upon (impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch) - Will the new rules affect me?
2. affect%2:29:00:: act physically on; have an effect upon - the medicine affects my heart rate
3. affect%2:42:00:: connect closely and often incriminatingly (involve, regard) - This new ruling affects your business
4. affect%2:32:00:: make believe with the intent to deceive (feign, sham, pretend, dissemble)
5. affect%2:37:00:: have an emotional or cognitive impact upon (impress, move, strike)

In the context, "cancer was affecting squamous cells" means the cancer is acting physically on the squamous cells, having a physical effect upon them.
Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" with example "the medicine affects my heart rate". This fits perfectly with a disease (cancer) affecting cells.
Sense 1 is more general, but Sense 2 specifically mentions "act physically on", which is highly appropriate for cancer affecting cells.
Let's double check.
"cancer was affecting squamous cells" -> physical effect.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the difference between 1 and 2.
1: have an effect upon (general, e.g., rules affecting me)
2: act physically on; have an effect upon (e.g., medicine affects my heart rate, cancer affects cells)
Yes, 2 is the most specific and accurate.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: longer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. sense_key=long%3:00:01:: | definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. sense_key=long%5:00:00:tall:00 | definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. sense_key=long%3:00:00:: | definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. sense_key=long%3:00:05:: | definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. sense_key=long%3:00:04:: | definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. sense_key=long%5:00:00:unsound:00 | definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. sense_key=long%5:00:00:provident:00 | definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. sense_key=long%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "longer" (comparative of "long").
Context: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
"survival times" refers to duration of time.
Sense 1: "primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified"
Examples: "a long life; a long boring speech"
This perfectly matches "longer survival times".
Sense 2 is spatial.
Sense 3 is height.
Sense 4 is memory.
Sense 5 is financial.
Sense 6 is phonetics.
Sense 7 is risk.
Sense 8 is planning.
Sense 9 is abundant.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" in the context of "longer survival times".
The context is about patients with cancer living longer (remaining alive).
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive (endurance).
Sense 2: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (survival of the fittest).
Sense 3: something that survives.

The context clearly refers to the state of surviving or remaining alive (survival time).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "survival time" -> time of remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive.
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "times" in the context: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."
The phrase is "survival times".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. a suitable moment
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

Wait, "survival times" refers to a period of time.
Let's check sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Wait, sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" - examples: "take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish".
Is there a better sense?
Let's consider "time" as a period of time.
Wait, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's look at sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Wait, what about sense 1? "an instance or single occasion for some event" - no.
What about sense 5? "the continuum of experience..." - no.
Let's re-read the context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients... average survival time was 8.3 months... longer survival times".
"survival time" is a period of time.
Is it sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Let's check WordNet for "survival time".
"time" as a period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Wait, could it be sense 3?
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
What about sense 2? "a period of time considered as a resource under your control..." - no, survival time is not a resource under your control.
What about sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Let's check if there is another sense.
"time" in WordNet:
1. time%1:11:00:: (instance)
2. time%1:28:05:: (resource)
3. time%1:28:00:: (indefinite period)
4. time%1:28:06:: (suitable moment)
5. time%1:03:00:: (continuum)
6. time%1:11:01:: (experience)
7. time%1:28:03:: (clock time)
8. time%1:28:04:: (fourth dimension)
9. time%1:07:01:: (rhythm)
10. time%1:28:01:: (prison term)

"survival time" is a period of time.
Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is there any other sense?
Maybe sense 3 is the best fit for "period of time".
Let's consider "survival time" as a period of time.
"an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" -> "survival time" is a period marked by the activity of surviving.
Let's check if "time" as a period of time is sense 3.
Yes, "time" meaning a period of time is sense 3.
"he waited a long time"
"the time of year for planting"
"survival time" is a period of time.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's double check if there's any other.
Sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" - not applicable.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - applicable.
I'll go with 3.
Let's review the context: "longer survival times".
"time" here means a period of time.
Sense 3 is the most appropriate.
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "contrast" in the context: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
The phrase "In contrast" is used to show the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Sense 1 matches "in contrast" perfectly, as it is explicitly listed in the examples ("in contrast to; by contrast") and the definition ("the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared").

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical treatment ("Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months...").
The candidate senses are:
1. a person who requires medical care
2. the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (Alimta, cisplatin, chemotherapy, cancer).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months... In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer... patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times... patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..."
The context clearly refers to the disease, a malignant growth or tumor.
Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense 2: astrology
Sense 3: constellation
Sense 4: zodiac sign
Sense 5: genus of crabs

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "affecting" in the context: "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..."
The context is about cancer having an effect upon or acting physically on squamous cells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. affect%2:30:00:: have an effect upon (impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch)
2. affect%2:29:00:: act physically on; have an effect upon (the medicine affects my heart rate)
3. affect%2:42:00:: connect closely and often incriminatingly (involve, regard)
4. affect%2:32:00:: make believe with the intent to deceive (feign, sham, pretend, dissemble)
5. affect%2:37:00:: have an emotional or cognitive impact upon (impress, move, strike)

In the context, "cancer was affecting squamous cells" means the cancer is acting physically on or having a physical effect upon the squamous cells.
Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" fits perfectly, as cancer is a physical disease acting on cells.
Sense 1 is more general "have an effect upon".
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Cancer affecting cells is a physical effect.
Wait, let's consider if "affect" in medical contexts usually maps to sense 1 or 2.
Sense 1: "Will the new rules affect me?"
Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" -> "the medicine affects my heart rate".
Cancer affecting cells is a physical action/effect.
Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate.

Let's double check.
"patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells"
Cancer is a physical entity/disease, squamous cells are physical entities. The effect is physical.
Sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon".
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's review sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: have an effect upon.
Sense 2: act physically on; have an effect upon.
Since cancer is a physical disease acting on cells, sense 2 is highly specific and accurate.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. affect%2:30:00::
2. affect%2:29:00::
3. affect%2:42:00::
4. affect%2:32:00::
5. affect%2:37:00::

I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "shorter" in the context: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
The context is about "survival times", which is a duration.
Sense 1: "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration" (e.g., a short life, a short flight).
Sense 2: spatial sense.
Sense 3: low in stature.
Sense 4: not sufficient to meet a need.
Sense 5: of memory.
Sense 6: not holding securities.
Sense 7: of speech sounds.
Sense 8: less than the correct amount.
Sense 9: lacking foresight.
Sense 10: tending to crumble.
Sense 11: marked by rude or peremptory shortness.

"shorter survival times" clearly refers to temporal duration.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"shorter survival times" -> limited in duration.
Sense 1: short%3:00:02::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" in the context of "shorter survival times".
The context discusses patients surviving for an average of X months, average survival time, longer survival times, shorter survival times.
This refers to the state of surviving, remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive (endurance)
Sense 2: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (survival of the fittest)
Sense 3: something that survives

The context is about the duration of remaining alive (survival time).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"survival times" -> time spent in a state of surviving.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive.
Matches perfectly.
Sense 3 is "something that survives" (e.g., a survival from the past).
Sense 2 is evolutionary.
So sense 1 is correct.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "times" in the context of "survival times".
Context: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
"survival times" refers to a period of time, specifically the duration of survival.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) - "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting"
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
Wait, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's check sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is there a better sense?
What about sense 5? "the continuum of experience..."
What about sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - e.g., "a long time", "time of year".
Wait, "survival time" is a duration.
Let's look at WordNet for "time".
Sense 3: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities).
Wait, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's check sense 3 again. "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Is there a sense for "duration"?
Let's see:
1. instance
2. resource
3. indefinite period
4. suitable moment
5. continuum
6. experience on a particular occasion
7. reading of a point in time
8. fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. prison term

"survival times" -> "period of time".
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Wait, "survival time" is a period.
Let's check if there is another sense.
Could it be 3? "he waited a long time" -> "survival time" is a period.
Let's consider "time" as a period.
"survival times" = periods of survival.
Sense 3 fits "period of time".
Let's review the options.
1. instance
2. resource
3. indefinite period
4. suitable moment
5. continuum
6. experience
7. reading
8. fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. prison term

"survival time" is a period of time. Sense 3 is the best fit for "period of time".
Let's double check if there's any other.
"survival time" is a duration.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Yes, "survival time" is a period marked by the activity of surviving.
I will choose 3.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "average survival time was 8.3 months", "longer survival times".
This is a period of time.
Sense 3 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm.
"he waited a long time" -> "survival time" is a period.
I'll go with 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mathematical" in the context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
The word "mathematical" modifies "calculator".
Sense 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics (a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments).
Sense 2: relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers (numerical).
Sense 3: beyond question.
Sense 4: statistically possible though highly improbable.
Sense 5: characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics.

A "mathematical calculator" is a calculator of the nature of mathematics, or pertaining to mathematics.
Wait, "mathematical calculator" -> "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics".
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "slide rules and other mathematical instruments". A calculator is an instrument.
So Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"kalgebra is a mathematical calculator" -> a calculator pertaining to mathematics.
Sense 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics.
Sense 2: relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers. (Usually applied to people, e.g., "a mathematical whiz", or "numerical aptitude").
Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "based" in the context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language."
The meaning is "founded on" or "established on".
Sense 1: use as a basis for; found on. Synonyms: establish, ground, found. Example: base a claim on some observation.
Sense 2: situate as a center of operations. Example: we will base this project in the new lab.
Sense 3: use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes.

The context clearly matches Sense 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "capable".
Context: "Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
Wait, "capable to make" is a bit ungrammatical (usually "capable of making"), but it means it has the ability or capacity to do so.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. capable%3:00:00:: (usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 possibly accepting or permitting
3. capable%3:00:02:: (followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for
4. capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 having the requisite qualities for
5. capable%5:00:00:competent:00 have the skills and qualifications to do things well

The context says "capable to make simple MathML operations". This means it has the capacity or ability to do it.
Sense 1: having capacity or ability.
Sense 5: have the skills and qualifications to do things well (usually for people, "able teachers", "capable administrator").
Sense 1 fits best for a software program having the capacity or ability to perform operations.

Let's check Sense 1: "having capacity or ability".
Examples: capable of winning; capable of hard work.
Context: "capable to make simple MathML operations" -> having capacity or ability.

Is it sense 1? Yes.
Wait, let's double check if there's any other.
Sense 1 is "capable%3:00:00::".
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Let's review the context again: "Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations..."
"capable" here means having the capacity or ability.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
The target word is "make".
The phrase is "make simple MathML operations".
This means to perform or carry out operations.
Let's look at the candidate senses.
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
This fits perfectly with "make operations".
Let's check other options:
1. engage in (make love, make an effort)
3. make or cause to be or to become (make a mess)
6. create or manufacture a man-made product
16. perform or carry out (make a decision; make a move) -> "make operations" is performing operations.

Let's read the context again: "capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)"
"make operations" = perform operations.
Sense 16: perform or carry out.
Examples: make a decision; make a move.
This is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"make operations" -> perform or carry out operations.
Yes, sense 16.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "simple" in the context: "Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
The operations are arithmetic and logical, which are basic, easy, not complex or complicated.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved (a simple problem; simple mechanisms)
2. easy and not involved or complicated (elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic)
3. apart from anything else; without additions or modifications (bare, mere)
4. exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity
5. lacking mental capacity and subtlety
6. (botany) of leaf shapes
7. unornamented

"simple MathML operations" -> easy and not involved or complicated, or having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved.
Wait, "simple operations" usually means easy and not involved or complicated.
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved. Examples: a simple problem; simple mechanisms.
Sense 2: easy and not involved or complicated. Synonyms: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic. Examples: an elementary problem in statistics.

"simple MathML operations" -> elementary, uncomplicated.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"simple mechanisms" (sense 1) vs "elementary problem" (sense 2).
"simple MathML operations" -> operations are actions, like a problem or mechanism.
Wait, "simple" modifying "operations" (arithmetic and logical).
Let's consider "simple" as "easy and not involved or complicated".
Synonyms: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic.
"simple MathML operations" -> elementary MathML operations.
Let's look at sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved".
Sense 2: "easy and not involved or complicated".
"simple operations" -> easy to perform, not complicated.
I'll go with sense 2 because "elementary" fits "simple operations" well. Or maybe sense 1?
"simple mechanisms" is sense 1. "simple problem" is sense 1.
Wait, "an elementary problem in statistics" is sense 2.
"simple MathML operations" -> elementary operations.
Let's choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved".
Sense 2: "easy and not involved or complicated".
"simple operations" -> easy to do.
I will choose sense 2.
Let's double check. "simple MathML operations" -> elementary MathML operations.
Yes, sense 2.
Wait, "simple" in "simple operations" could be sense 1. "not complex or complicated or involved".
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic.
"elementary operations" is a very common collocation.
I'll output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "operations" in the context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
The context explicitly mentions "mathematical calculator", "arithmetic and logical" operations.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. state of being in effect
2. business
3. planned activity
4. computer science data processing
5. military
6. medical
7. process or series of acts
8. process or manner of functioning
9. psychology
10. (mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. activity of operating something

Sense 10 is clearly the best fit, as it specifically refers to mathematical operations (arithmetic and logical).
Let's double check. "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" -> mathematical operation.
Sense 10: sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: wait, no, sense 10 is operation%1:04:01:: definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods.
Yes, sense 10.
I will return {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "3D" in the context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The context talks about "2D and 3D graphs".
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

The context refers to graphs having a three-dimensional form or appearance, not a movie.
Sense 2 is the correct one.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actually
Target surface form: actually
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "actually" in the context: "It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The sentence implies that one might expect it to be necessary to know MathML to use a MathML-based calculator, but surprisingly, it is not necessary.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. in actual fact (really)
2. used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly (in reality)
3. at the present moment
4. as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis

"It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
This fits sense 2: "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly". One would expect that to use a MathML-based calculator, you need to know MathML. But surprisingly, it is actually not necessary.

Let's check sense 2 examples: "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin".
Wait, sense 2 is "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly".
Is it sense 2? Yes.

Let's double check.
"actually not necessary" -> surprisingly not necessary.
Sense 2: "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly"
Synonyms: in reality.

Let's review the options.
1. in actual fact
2. surprisingly / opposite of expected
3. at the present moment
4. slight emphasis

"It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
This strongly implies that the user might think it is necessary, but it is surprisingly not.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's confirm the sense index.
sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: necessary
Target surface form: necessary
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "necessary".
Context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
Meaning: It is not absolutely essential to know MathML.
Candidate senses:
1. absolutely essential
2. unavoidably determined by prior circumstances

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "not absolutely essential to know MathML".
Sense 2 is about inevitable consequences.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to <t>know</t> MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "know" in the context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The context implies having knowledge of or being familiar with the MathML language.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about.
2. know how to do or perform something.
3. be aware of the truth of something.
4. be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object.
7. have fixed in the mind (e.g., I know Latin).

Wait, "know MathML" is like "know Latin" or "know a language".
Sense 7: "have fixed in the mind" -> examples: "I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs".
This perfectly matches "know MathML".
Let's double check.
"know MathML" -> knowing a language or markup language.
Sense 7: "have fixed in the mind" | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs.
Is it sense 7? Yes, knowing a language or a specific subject matter like MathML.
Let's check sense 1: "possess knowledge or information about".
But "know Latin" is explicitly sense 7. "know MathML" is analogous to "know Latin".
Let's review the examples for sense 7: "I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs".
MathML is a language. "know MathML" fits "know Latin".
Therefore, sense 7 is the best fit.
Let's consider sense 1: "I know that the President lied..." - this is propositional knowledge.
Sense 7 is knowledge of a subject or language.
I will choose 7.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
Yes, knowing a language (MathML).
Sense 7: have fixed in the mind.
I'll output 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to <t>use</t> kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "use" in the context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."
The context is about employing or making work a software tool (kalgebra) for its inherent purpose (as a mathematical calculator).
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose". Using a software tool.
Sense 1 is the best match.
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can <t>now</t> be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "now" in the context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge."
The sentence contrasts "initially" with "now".
"now" here means "in these times" or "at the present time", contrasting with the past.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. in the historical present
2. in these times; nowadays, today. Example: "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished"
3. used to preface a command
4. at the present moment (e.g., goods now on sale)
5. without delay or hesitation
6. indicates a change of subject
7. in the immediate past

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "in these times", contrasting with "initially". "Nowadays" is a synonym.
Let's double check sense 2 vs sense 4.
Sense 2: "in these times; nowadays, today"
Sense 4: "at the present moment"
The context says "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone..."
This is a general statement about the current state of the software, matching "in these times" or "nowadays".
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 2: "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets"
This matches the usage of "now" to mean "currently, in these times, as opposed to the past".
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 2}.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be <t>used</t> by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "used" in the context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge."
The context means that the software (kalgebra) can be put into service, made to work, or employed by everyone.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose (utilize, utilise, apply, employ). Example: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home.
2. take or consume (regularly or habitually).
3. use up, consume fully.
4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage.
5. avail oneself to.
6. habitually do something (use only in the past tense).

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "it can now be used [put into service / employed] by everyone".
The passive "be used by everyone" aligns with "employ for a particular purpose".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Checking the exact index: 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with <t>little</t> mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "little" in the context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge."
The phrase is "little mathematical knowledge".
"little" here means a small amount of mathematical knowledge, not much.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent (small) - a little dining room
2. (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some (slight) - little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. young, immature
4. small and of little importance
5. faint
6. low in stature
7. lowercase
8. small in a way that arouses feelings

"knowledge" is a mass noun. "little mathematical knowledge" means not much mathematical knowledge.
Sense 2: "(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some"
Examples: "little rain fell in May; gave it little thought"
This perfectly matches "little mathematical knowledge".

Let's double check.
"little mathematical knowledge" -> "little" modifies "mathematical knowledge" (mass noun).
Sense 2 is the correct sense.
Index: 2.