[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "council".
Context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
The context talks about a body that has a program to attract and train ringers, speaks to students at theological colleges, publishes a booklet for every vicar, and is concerned with church life and bell ringing.
This sounds like an administrative body or organization, specifically a council of bell ringers or a church-related council.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a body serving in an administrative capacity (e.g., student council)
2. (Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. a meeting of people for consultation (e.g., emergency council)

The "council" here is an organization or body that has a "program to attract and train ringers" and publishes a booklet. It is an administrative body, not just a meeting (sense 3), and not necessarily an assembly of theologians and bishops regulating doctrine (sense 2), but rather an administrative body (like the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, which is a real organization).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"the council's program" -> implies an organization/body, not a single meeting.
Sense 1: "a body serving in an administrative capacity"
Sense 2: "an assembly of theologians and bishops..." - this is too specific to doctrine/discipline, whereas this council is about bell ringing.
Sense 3: "a meeting of people for consultation" - a meeting doesn't have a program to attract and train ringers over five years.

So sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
The target word is "program".
The council has a "program to attract and train ringers".
This is a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need, or a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (plan, programme)
2. a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (programme)
Wait, "program to attract and train ringers" - is it a plan or a system of projects/services?
"the council's program to attract and train ringers"
Let's check sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" -> "they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" -> "he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program"
The council's program to attract and train ringers is a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (or a plan).
Wait, "program to attract and train ringers" - is it a plan or a system of projects?
Let's consider "program" as a plan or a system of projects.
"the council's program to attract and train ringers"
Could it be sense 1? "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished"
Or sense 2? "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need"
"program to attract and train ringers" - this sounds like a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need, or a plan.
Let's look at similar examples. "a program to attract and train ringers"
Is it a plan? "program to attract and train ringers"
Let's check WordNet for "program".
Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
Sense 2: a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.
"the council's program to attract and train ringers"
I think sense 1 is "plan", sense 2 is "system of projects or services".
"program to attract and train ringers" - this is a plan or a system of projects?
"program" in the sense of "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" fits "program to attract and train ringers" well, as it's an ongoing effort by the council.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: plan, programme
Sense 2: programme
"program to attract and train ringers" -> "plan to attract and train ringers" or "system of projects to attract and train ringers".
Actually, "program" as in "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" is often used for things like "day care program", "public works program", "program to attract and train ringers".
Let's consider "program" as a plan. "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished".
Is "program to attract and train ringers" a plan or a system of projects?
"the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful"
I will go with sense 1 or 2. Let's look closely at the definition.
"a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" -> "program of public works", "day care program".
"a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" -> "six-step plan", "plans for a new bond issue".
"program to attract and train ringers" is a goal to be accomplished, but it's also a system of projects/services.
Wait, "program" in the context of an organization's initiative is often sense 2.
Let's search for "program to attract and train".
"program to attract and train ringers"
I'll guess sense 1 or 2. Let's think if "program" here means "plan". "the council's plan to attract and train ringers". Yes, "plan" fits perfectly.
But "program" as a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need also fits.
Let's look at the exact phrase: "the council's program to attract and train ringers".
In WordNet, "program" sense 1 is "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished".
Sense 2 is "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".
I think sense 1 is more about a specific plan, while sense 2 is about a broader system of services.
"program to attract and train ringers" is a specific initiative, so maybe sense 1?
Wait, "program" in "program to attract and train ringers" could be sense 1.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue".
Examples for sense 2: "he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program".
"program to attract and train ringers" is more like a plan (sense 1) or a system of projects (sense 2)?
Actually, "program" meaning "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" is very common for "program to [verb]". E.g., "a program to reduce crime", "a program to train workers".
Let's choose sense 1 because "plan" is a synonym and "program to attract and train ringers" is a plan.
Wait, "program" as "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" is often used for government or council initiatives. "the council's program".
Let's consider "program" sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished".
Let's consider "program" sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".
I will go with sense 1. No, wait. "program" in "the council's program to attract and train ringers" is an ongoing effort, a system of projects.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: plan, programme
Sense 2: programme
If the synonym is "plan", then "the council's plan to attract and train ringers" makes perfect sense.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
Is it a plan or a system of projects? "program" here is likely sense 1.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"program" (sense 1): a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
"program" (sense 2): a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need.
I'll output 1.
Wait, "program to attract and train ringers" -> "plan to attract and train ringers".
Let's use 1.
Actually, many NLP datasets annotate "program to [verb]" as sense 1 if it's a plan, or sense 2 if it's a public service.
"the council's program to attract and train ringers" -> this is a plan.
I will choose 1.
Let's reconsider 2. "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need". A council's program to attract and train ringers is a system of projects/services to meet a public need (lack of ringers).
But "plan" is a very strong synonym for "program" in this context. "The council's plan to attract and train ringers".
I'll go with 1.
Let's think if 1 is better. "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished". The goal is to attract and train ringers.
Yes, 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "attract" in the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
The context is about a program designed to draw in or recruit new bell ringers.
Sense 1: direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes (synonyms: pull, pull in, draw, draw in). Example: The ad pulled in many potential customers.
Sense 2: be attractive to (synonyms: appeal). Example: The idea of a vacation appeals to me.
Sense 3: exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away.

The program is trying to "attract" (draw in, recruit) ringers. This aligns with Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" or "pull in, draw in". The program is trying to draw in new ringers.
Wait, let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" -> synonyms: pull, pull in, draw, draw in. "The ad pulled in many potential customers."
Sense 2: "be attractive to" -> synonyms: appeal. "The idea of a vacation appeals to me."
In the context, "the council's program to attract and train ringers". The program is actively trying to draw in ringers. "attract" here is transitive, taking "ringers" as the object.
Sense 1 is transitive: "attract ringers" = draw in ringers.
Sense 2 is intransitive or stative: "be attractive to". "The program attracts ringers" could be Sense 2, but "program to attract ringers" implies an active effort to draw them in, like "pull in".
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers". This is very similar to "program to attract ringers".
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: attract%2:35:00::
Sense 2: attract%2:37:00::
Sense 3: attract%2:35:01::

"attract and train ringers" -> draw in and train ringers.
Yes, Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "train" in the context: "But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
The context is about teaching or instructing people (ringers) to ring bells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. create by training and teaching (develop, prepare, educate) - "The old master is training world-class violinists"
2. undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession (prepare) - "She is training to be a teacher" (intransitive)
3. develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control (discipline, check, condition)
4. educate for a future role or function (prepare, groom)
5. teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment (educate, school, cultivate, civilize)
6. point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards (aim, take, take aim, direct)
7. teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports (coach)
8. exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition
9. cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it
10. travel by rail or train
11. drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground

Wait, "train ringers" means to teach and instruct them.
Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" -> synonyms: develop, prepare, educate. Example: "The old master is training world-class violinists". This fits "train ringers" perfectly.
Sense 2 is intransitive ("undergo training").
Sense 4 is "educate for a future role or function" (groom).
Sense 7 is "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports".
Sense 1 is the best fit for "train ringers" (teach them the skill of bell ringing).

Let's check Sense 1 again: "create by training and teaching". Synonyms: develop, prepare, educate. Example: "The old master is training world-class violinists".
"train ringers" -> train someone in a skill.
Is it Sense 1? Yes.
Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 7. Sense 7 is specifically "as in sports". Bell ringing is not typically sports.
Sense 1 is "create by training and teaching".
Let's check the context: "program to attract and train ringers".
Sense 1 fits best.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
This matches "train ringers".
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Wait, is there any other sense?
"train" as in "teach someone a skill".
Yes, Sense 1.
Let's confirm.
"train ringers" -> train (verb) + ringers (object).
Sense 1: create by training and teaching.
I am confident in 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of bell ringing.
The context mentions "bell ringing", "trained bellringers", "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung".
Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - synonyms: toller, bell ringer.
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense 2: "a person who is almost identical to another"
Sense 3: "a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses"
Sense 4: "(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg"

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "only" in the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
The phrase is "only partly successful".
"only" here means "merely", "simply", "just", "but".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as

"only partly successful" means "merely partly successful" or "just partly successful".
This matches sense 1: "and nothing more", synonyms: merely, simply, just, but.

Let's double check.
"only partly successful" -> "merely partly successful".
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" -> "exclusively partly successful" (doesn't make sense).
Sense 3: "with nevertheless the final result" -> "only to find" (doesn't fit).
Sense 4: "in the final outcome" -> "will only make you more upset" (doesn't fit).
Sense 5: "except that" -> "only this time" (doesn't fit).
Sense 6: "never except when" -> "only if" (doesn't fit).
Sense 7: "as recently as" -> "only an hour ago" (doesn't fit).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output this.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin."
Mr. Baldwin is expressing his opinion or stating something.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. express in words (state, tell)
2. report or maintain (allege, aver)
3. express a supposition (suppose)
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (order, tell, enjoin)
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce, articulate)
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

Wait, "says Mr. Baldwin" is a reporting verb.
Let's check sense 1: "express in words" (state, tell). Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain" (allege, aver). Example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
Let's check sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". Example: "I say let's forget this whole business".

In the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is a statement of fact or opinion, but it's a reporting verb.
Wait, "says" here is used to report what Mr. Baldwin said.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: express in words.
Sense 2: report or maintain.
Let's look at similar examples. "says Mr. Baldwin" -> "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" (sense 2).
Wait, "report or maintain" is often used for "He says that..."
Let's re-read the context: "Says Mr. Baldwin, 'We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience.'"
"the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is reporting what Mr. Baldwin said.
Sense 1: express in words.
Sense 2: report or maintain.
Let's check WordNet for "say".
say%2:32:00:: express in words
say%2:32:01:: report or maintain
say%2:32:02:: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
say%2:32:03:: express a supposition
say%2:32:04:: have or contain a certain wording or form
say%2:32:05:: indicate
say%2:32:06:: communicate or express nonverbally
say%2:32:07:: utter aloud
say%2:32:08:: recite or repeat a fixed text
say%2:32:09:: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
say%2:32:10:: give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority

Wait, the candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business

Is "says Mr. Baldwin" sense 1 or 2?
"report or maintain" fits "He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
"express in words" fits "He said that he wanted to marry her".
In "says Mr. Baldwin", it's reporting a statement.
Let's consider "report or maintain" (sense 2).
Actually, "says" in "says Mr. Baldwin" is just "express in words" or "report or maintain".
Let's look at the exact phrase: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is a statement of opinion or judgement? "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" (sense 9).
Or is it "report or maintain" (sense 2)?
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her"
For sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
For sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business"

"the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is a statement of fact/opinion.
Let's search for "says Mr. Baldwin" in WordNet or similar datasets.
In many WSD datasets, "says" as a reporting verb is often sense 1 or 2.
Wait, "report or maintain" (sense 2) is for "He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
"express in words" (sense 1) is for "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Is there a difference?
Sense 1: express in words.
Sense 2: report or maintain.
"report or maintain" implies asserting something as true, often in the face of doubt or as a claim.
"express in words" is the most general.
Let's look at sense 1: "express in words".
Let's look at sense 2: "report or maintain".
In the sentence: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is a direct report of what Mr. Baldwin said.
I will guess sense 1, as it's the most common reporting sense.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: state, tell.
Synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver.
"state" fits "says Mr. Baldwin" perfectly. "states Mr. Baldwin".
"allege" or "aver" does not fit as well, because he is not alleging or averring, he is just stating a fact/opinion.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"express in words" -> state, tell.
"report or maintain" -> allege, aver.
"state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" -> I say let's forget this whole business.
"state" is a synonym for sense 1. "states Mr. Baldwin" is a very common journalistic phrase.
So sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
Yes, "state" or "tell" fits perfectly.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the examples for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you".
Examples for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
"state" is a synonym for sense 1.
I am confident in sense 1.
Let's consider if it could be sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".
"the council's program ... is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."
This is an opinion or judgement. But "says" is just the reporting verb.
In WordNet, "say" as a reporting verb is usually sense 1.
I'll go with 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Right" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.
The phrase is "Right now".
"Right now" means "immediately" or "at this very moment".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. precisely, exactly (stand right here!)
2. immediately (she called right after dinner)
3. exactly (he fell flop on his face)
4. toward or on the right
5. in the right manner
6. an interjection expressing agreement
7. completely (she felt right at home)
8. very; to a great degree
9. in accordance with moral or social standards
10. in an accurate manner

"Right now" -> "immediately" or "at this very moment".
Sense 2: "immediately" | examples=she called right after dinner.
Wait, "right now" means "at this very moment" or "immediately".
Let's see: "Right now, we're lucky..." -> "At this very moment, we're lucky..."
Is there a sense for "at this very moment"?
Sense 2: "immediately" - "she called right after dinner". "Right now" fits "immediately" or "at this very moment".
Let's check if there's any other sense.
"Right now" is an adverbial phrase.
Sense 2: right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner.
Wait, "right now" is often glossed as "immediately" or "at this very moment".
Let's look at sense 2.
Is there any other sense?
"Right now" -> "immediately".
Let's consider "right" as an adverb meaning "immediately".
Yes, "right now" = "immediately".
I will choose sense 2.
Let's double check.
"Right now, we're lucky..."
"Right" modifies "now".
"Right" meaning "immediately" or "at this very moment".
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Another option: "exactly" (sense 1 or 3). "Exactly now"? No, "immediately" or "at this very moment" is better.
Sense 2: "immediately".
I'll output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "now" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.
The phrase is "Right now".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. in the historical present
2. in these times (nowadays, today)
3. used to preface a command or reproof or request
4. at the present moment (at present)
5. without delay or hesitation (immediately, instantly)
6. (prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity
7. in the immediate past

"Right now" means "at the present moment".
Sense 4: "at the present moment" | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator.
Wait, "Right now" is an idiom meaning "at the present moment".
Let's check sense 4. "at the present moment".
Is there a better fit?
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10" -> at the present moment.
Sense 4 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 5: "without delay or hesitation". "Right now" can mean immediately, but here it means "at the present moment" (currently).
"Right now, we're lucky..." -> At the present moment, we are lucky...
So sense 4 is the best.
Let's review the examples for sense 4: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator".
Wait, "Right now" is a common phrase for "at the present moment".
Yes, sense 4 is "at the present moment".
I will output 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lucky
Target surface form: lucky
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're <t>lucky</t> if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "lucky" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.
The context implies that keeping one new ringer out of 10 is a fortunate occurrence, or it happens by chance, or it's a fortunate outcome.
Wait, let's look at the senses:
1. lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Wait, "we're lucky if..." means "it is fortunate if...".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"lucky" as an adjective meaning "fortunate".
Sense 1: occurring by chance. "a lucky escape", "a lucky guess".
Sense 2: having or bringing good fortune. "my lucky day", "a lucky man".
Wait, "we're lucky if..." means "we are fortunate if...".
Let's check WordNet for "lucky".
Sense 1: lucky (adj) - having or bringing good fortune. "my lucky day", "a lucky man".
Wait, the prompt says:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Wait, "we're lucky if..." means "it is fortunate if...".
Is "lucky" here meaning "fortunate" (occurring by chance)? No, "fortunate" in the sense of "lucky" (having good fortune).
Let's re-read the definitions.
Sense 1: occurring by chance.
Sense 2: having or bringing good fortune.
If we say "we're lucky if...", it means "we are fortunate if...".
Does "lucky" here mean "having good fortune"? Yes, "we are fortunate".
Wait, "lucky" as in "fortunate" is often sense 1 or 2?
In WordNet, "lucky" has:
1. lucky (adj) = having or bringing good fortune; "my lucky day"; "a lucky man"
2. lucky (adj) = presaging or likely to bring good luck; "a favorable time to ask for a raise"; "lucky stars"
3. lucky (adj) = occurring by chance; "a lucky escape"; "a lucky guess"

Wait, the prompt lists:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance | examples=a lucky escape; a lucky guess
2. sense_key=lucky%3:00:00:: | definition=having or bringing good fortune | examples=my lucky day; a lucky man
3. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:propitious:00 | definition=presaging or likely to bring good luck | synonyms=golden, favorable, favourable, prosperous | examples=a favorable time to ask for a raise; lucky stars

Wait, "we're lucky if..." means "it is a fortunate thing if...".
Is it sense 1 or 2?
"we're lucky" -> we are fortunate.
"having or bringing good fortune" -> "we are lucky" = we have good fortune.
Let's consider "fortunate". "we're fortunate if..."
Is "fortunate" sense 1? The prompt says:
1. sense_key=lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=occurring by chance
Wait, "fortunate" is the synset name for sense 1? No, the sense key is `lucky%5:00:00:fortunate:00`. The definition is "occurring by chance".
But "we're lucky if..." doesn't mean "occurring by chance". It means "we are fortunate".
Wait, "lucky" meaning "fortunate" is sense 2: "having or bringing good fortune".
Let's check the examples: "my lucky day", "a lucky man".
If I say "we're lucky if we keep one new ringer", it means "we are fortunate if we keep one new ringer".
So sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"we're lucky if..." -> we are fortunate.
Sense 2: having or bringing good fortune.
Sense 1: occurring by chance. (e.g., a lucky guess).
Sense 3: presaging or likely to bring good luck. (e.g., lucky stars).

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.
"we're lucky" = we are fortunate = having good fortune.
I will choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five <t>years</t> we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "years" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.
The context refers to a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days.
Sense 1: a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days. Examples: she is 4 years old; in the year 1920.
Sense 2: a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity. Examples: a school year.
Sense 3: the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun.
Sense 4: a body of students who graduate together.

"five years" clearly refers to a period of time containing 365 days each.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one <t>new</t> ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.
The context is about attracting and training ringers. "new ringer" refers to someone who has just been trained or is inexperienced, or newly acquired.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. (a new law; new cars)
3. lacking training or experience (raw) (the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits)
5. other than the former one(s); different.

Wait, "new ringer" means a ringer who has just been trained or acquired.
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
"keep one new ringer out of 10" - a ringer who is newly trained/acquired.
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Sense 3: "lacking training or experience" - but they are trained ("attract and train ringers"). The text says "keep one new ringer out of 10" after five years. So they are newly acquired or recently trained.
Wait, "new" here means recently acquired or having just come into being.
Let's check sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Is it sense 1? "new ringer" = a ringer who is newly acquired.
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3.
"new ringer" - a ringer who is new to the group, recently acquired.
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Sense 3: "lacking training or experience" - but they are trained ("attract and train ringers").
So sense 1 is better.

Let's read the context again: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. 'Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10,' he adds."
The ringer is newly acquired/trained.
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Sense 3: "lacking training or experience"
Since they are trained, they are not necessarily lacking training, but they are newly acquired.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check sense 1.
"new" as in "new cars", "new law".
"new ringer" = a ringer who is newly acquired.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 5? "other than the former one(s); different" - no.
Could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's review the definition of sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
This perfectly matches "newly acquired" ringers.
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringer".
Context: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new <t>ringer</t> out of 10, "he adds."
The context explicitly mentions "bellringers", "ring", "bells need to be rung".
Sense 1: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer.
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense 2: a person who is almost identical to another.
Sense 3: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
Sense 4: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: adds
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he <t>adds</t>. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "adds" in the context: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.
The context is a quote being continued or appended by the speaker.
Sense 2: "state or say further" (synonyms: append, supply). Example: 'It doesn't matter,' he supplied.
This perfectly matches "he adds" in the context of a quote.
Let's double check.
"he adds" -> he states or says further.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 1: make an addition (to)
Sense 3: bestow a quality on
Sense 4: make an addition by combining numbers
Sense 5: determine the sum of
Sense 6: constitute an addition

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bright
Target surface form: bright
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One <t>bright</t> sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bright%3:00:00:: | definition=emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts | examples=the sun was bright and hot; a bright sunlit room
2. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=brilliant, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
3. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=characterized by quickness and ease in learning | synonyms=smart | examples=some children are brighter in one subject than another; smart children talk earlier than the average
4. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:light:06 | definition=having lots of light either natural or artificial | examples=the room was bright and airy; a stage bright with spotlights
5. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:polished:00 | definition=made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow | synonyms=burnished, lustrous, shining, shiny | examples=bright silver candlesticks; a burnished brass knocker
6. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:glorious:00 | definition=splendid | examples=the bright stars of stage and screen; a bright moment in history
7. sense_key=bright%3:00:02:: | definition=not made dim or less bright | synonyms=undimmed | examples=undimmed headlights; surprisingly the curtain started to rise while the houselights were still undimmed
8. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=brilliant | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets
9. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:happy:00 | definition=characterized by happiness or gladness | examples=bright faces; all the world seems bright and gay
10. sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bright" in the context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field..."
The phrase "bright sign" means a hopeful or promising sign.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. emitting or reflecting light
2. having striking color
3. characterized by quickness and ease in learning
4. having lots of light
5. made smooth and bright
6. splendid
7. not made dim or less bright
8. clear and sharp and ringing
9. characterized by happiness or gladness
10. full of promise (auspicious, hopeful, promising) - "had a bright future in publishing"

Sense 10 fits "bright sign" perfectly, as it means hopeful or promising.
Let's double check. "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..." -> a promising sign.
Sense 10: sense_key=bright%5:00:00:auspicious:00 | definition=full or promise | synonyms=hopeful, promising | examples=had a bright future in publishing; the scandal threatened an abrupt end to a promising political career

Yes, sense 10 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: sign
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright <t>sign</t> is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%1:10:05:: | definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring
2. sense_key=sign%1:10:00:: | definition=a public display of a message | examples=he posted signs in all the shop windows
3. sense_key=sign%1:10:03:: | definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message | synonyms=signal, signaling | examples=signals from the boat suddenly stopped
4. sense_key=sign%1:06:01:: | definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted | synonyms=signboard | examples=the highway was lined with signboards
5. sense_key=sign%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, mansion, house, planetary house
6. sense_key=sign%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease | examples=there were no signs of asphyxiation
7. sense_key=sign%1:24:00:: | definition=having an indicated pole (as the distinction between positive and negative electric charges) | synonyms=polarity | examples=he got the polarity of the battery reversed; charges of opposite sign
8. sense_key=sign%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God
9. sense_key=sign%1:10:01:: | definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language
10. sense_key=sign%1:10:06:: | definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; --de Saussure | examples=The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary
11. sense_key=sign%1:10:04:: | definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities | examples=don't forget the minus sign

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The word "sign" here means a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent, or a visible clue that something has happened or is happening.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%1:10:05:: | definition=a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened) | synonyms=mark | examples=he showed signs of strain; they welcomed the signs of spring
2. sense_key=sign%1:10:00:: | definition=a public display of a message
3. sense_key=sign%1:10:03:: | definition=any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message
4. sense_key=sign%1:06:01:: | definition=structure displaying a board on which advertisements can be posted
5. sense_key=sign%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided
6. sense_key=sign%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any objective evidence of the presence of a disorder or disease
7. sense_key=sign%1:24:00:: | definition=having an indicated pole
8. sense_key=sign%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come | synonyms=augury, foretoken, preindication | examples=he hoped it was an augury; it was a sign from God
9. sense_key=sign%1:10:01:: | definition=a gesture that is part of a sign language
10. sense_key=sign%1:10:06:: | definition=a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified
11. sense_key=sign%1:10:04:: | definition=a character indicating a relation between quantities

Wait, "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
Is it sense 1 or sense 8?
Sense 1: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)" -> "they welcomed the signs of spring"
Sense 8: "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come" -> "it was a sign from God"

"One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
This is a perceptible indication of something (a positive trend).
Let's look at sense 1: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
Wait, "bright sign" is a common collocation for a positive indication.
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 8.
Sense 1 is "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)".
Sense 8 is "an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come".
"One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered..."
This is an indication of a positive trend.
I think sense 1 is the best fit. "signs of spring", "signs of strain". "bright sign" is an indication.
Let's re-read sense 1: "a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)"
Is there another sense?
What about sense 1? Yes, "sign" as an indication.
Let's consider "sign" in "One bright sign is that..."
It means an indication.
Sense 1: a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened).
I will choose 1.
Wait, let's double check if there's any other.
"sign" as indication: sense 1.
"sign" as omen: sense 8.
Here, it's not an omen, it's an indication of a positive trend.
So sense 1.
Let's review the examples for sense 1: "they welcomed the signs of spring". "One bright sign is that..." fits perfectly with "signs of spring" or "signs of strain".
I'll go with 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: number
Target surface form: number
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing <t>number</t> of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
2. sense_key=number%1:23:00:: | definition=a concept of quantity involving zero and units | examples=every number has a unique position in the sequence
3. sense_key=number%1:10:04:: | definition=a short theatrical performance that is part of a longer program | synonyms=act, routine, turn, bit | examples=he did his act three times every evening; she had a catchy little routine
4. sense_key=number%1:10:03:: | definition=the number is used in calling a particular telephone | synonyms=phone number, telephone number | examples=he has an unlisted number
5. sense_key=number%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol used to represent a number | synonyms=numeral | examples=he learned to write the numerals before he went to school
6. sense_key=number%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=issue | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
7. sense_key=number%1:14:00:: | definition=a select company of people | examples=I hope to become one of their number before I die
8. sense_key=number%1:10:02:: | definition=a numeral or string of numerals that is used for identification | synonyms=identification number | examples=she refused to give them her Social Security number
9. sense_key=number%1:07:01:: | definition=a clothing measurement | examples=a number 13 shoe
10. sense_key=number%1:10:05:: | definition=the grammatical category for the forms of nouns and pronouns and verbs that are used depending on the number of entities involved (singular or dual or plural) | examples=in English the subject and the verb must agree in number
11. sense_key=number%1:06:00:: | definition=an item of merchandise offered for sale | examples=she preferred the black nylon number; this sweater is an all-wool number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "number" in the context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field..."
The phrase is "a growing number of women".
This means an indefinite quantity of units or individuals.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=number%1:07:00:: | definition=the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals | synonyms=figure | examples=he had a number of chores to do; the number of parameters is small
This perfectly matches "a growing number of women".

Let's double check.
"a growing number of women" -> indefinite quantity of units or individuals.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 7 is "a select company of people" (e.g., "one of their number").
Sense 1 is "a number of chores to do", "the number of parameters is small".
Yes, sense 1.
Context: "a growing number of women"
Matches sense 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of <t>women</t> have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "women" (lemma: woman).
Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The context refers to adult female persons who are bellringers.
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
Sense 2: a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man.
Sense 3: a human female employed to do housework.
Sense 4: women as a class.

The context says "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women." This refers to individual adult female persons, not women as a class (though it could be argued, "a growing number of women" refers to individuals). Let's check sense 1 vs sense 4.
"a growing number of women" -> individual adult females.
"more than a third of the ringers today are women" -> adult female persons.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 4: "women as a class" -> "it's an insult to American womanhood". Here it's "a growing number of women", which implies countable individuals, so sense 1 is better.
Wait, "women" in "a growing number of women" is plural of "woman" (adult female person).
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enter
Target surface form: entered
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | examples=the boat entered an area of shallow marshes
2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members
4. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | examples=Elections figure prominently in every government program; How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?
5. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down
6. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage
7. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | examples=accede to the throne
8. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | examples=insert a picture into the text
9. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | examples=she embarked upon a new career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "entered" in the context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The context talks about women joining or becoming participants in the field of bellringing.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. enter%2:38:00:: to come or go into (physical movement)
2. enter%2:33:00:: become a participant; be involved in (e.g., enter a race, enter an agreement)
3. enter%2:41:06:: register formally as a participant or member (enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit)
4. enter%2:42:00:: be or play a part of or in
5. enter%2:32:04:: make a record of
6. enter%2:36:00:: come on stage
7. enter%2:41:00:: take on duties or office
8. enter%2:35:03:: put or introduce into something
9. enter%2:30:10:: set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)

"entered the once male-dominated field" -> becoming a participant in the field, joining the field.
Wait, "enter a field" usually means to become a participant or be involved in it.
Let's check sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in". Examples: "enter a race; enter an agreement".
Is there a better fit?
Sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in"
Sense 3: "register formally as a participant or member"
Sense 9: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)"

"entered the once male-dominated field" -> women have become participants in the field.
Let's consider "enter a field" as in "enter a profession" or "enter a field of work".
Does it mean "become a participant; be involved in"? Yes.
Let's check WordNet for "enter a field".
"enter" (become a participant; be involved in) - "enter a race", "enter an agreement".
Wait, could it be "enter" as in "take on duties or office"? No.
Could it be "enter" as in "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)"? No, it's a field of work.
Let's look at sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in".
Is there a sense for "enter a profession"?
WordNet:
enter v
1. come or go into ("the boat entered an area of shallow marshes")
2. become a participant; be involved in ("enter a race"; "enter an agreement")
3. register formally as a participant or member ("The party recruited many new members")
4. be or play a part of or in ("Elections figure prominently in every government program"; "How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?")
5. make a record of; set down in permanent form
6. come on stage
7. take on duties or office
8. put or introduce into something
9. set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) ("she embarked upon a new career")

Wait, "entered the once male-dominated field" -> "become a participant; be involved in".
Let's re-read the context: "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field"
This means they have become participants in the field.
Sense 2 fits perfectly.
Let's double check if there's any other.
"enter a field" -> become a participant in a field.
Yes, sense 2.
Let's review the examples for sense 2: "enter a race; enter an agreement".
Is there any other sense?
"enter" as in "join"?
Sense 2 is "become a participant; be involved in".
I will choose 2.
Wait, let's think if "enter a field" could be sense 2. Yes, "enter the field" means to become a participant in it.
I'll go with 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "once" in the context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The word "once" here means "formerly" or "at a previous time".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Sense 3 matches "formerly" or "at a previous time", which perfectly fits "once male-dominated field" (formerly male-dominated).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.