[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "state" in the context: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per <t>state</t> -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."
The context refers to "states conducting a Senate election", "per state", "higher-income states". This clearly refers to the constituent administrative districts of a nation (the United States).
Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (synonyms: province). Examples: "his state is in the deep south".
Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: nation, country).
Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" (synonyms: country, land).

The context is about US states (e.g., "higher-income states", "states conducting a Senate election").
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"per state" -> per constituent administrative district of a nation.
Sense 1 is "state%1:15:01::".
Index is 1.
End of thought.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: progressive
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a <t>progressive</t> tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "progressive" in the context: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder".
The context explicitly mentions "tax rate" and "hits higher-income states harder".
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. favoring or promoting progress
2. favoring or promoting reform
3. (of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. gradually advancing in extent
5. (of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections...
6. advancing in severity

Sense 3 perfectly matches the context of a "progressive tax rate".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hits
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "hits" in the context: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder".
The meaning is that the tax rate affects or afflicts higher-income states more severely.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. cause to move by striking
2. hit against; come into sudden contact with
3. deal a blow to
4. reach a destination
5. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (synonyms: strike; examples: We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager)
6. hit with a missile
7. encounter by chance
8. gain points in a game
9. cause to experience suddenly (Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her)
10. make a strategic, offensive, assault
11. kill intentionally
12. drive something violently into a location
13. reach a point in time, or a certain state or level
14. produce by manipulating keys
15. consume to excess
16. hit the intended target or goal
17. pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to

Sense 5: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" fits "hits higher-income states harder". A progressive tax rate affects higher-income states more adversely.
Let's double check. "hits harder" -> affects more severely.
Sense 5 is the best fit.
Let's review the context: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder".
Yes, "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" is the exact sense.
Index 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: higher
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "higher" (lemma: high).
Context: "...a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder..."
The word "higher" modifies "income".
It means greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount.
Sense 1: greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount. Examples: a high temperature; a high price.
Sense 2: literal meaning, elevation.
Sense 3: standing above others in quality or position.
Sense 4: sounds and voices.
Sense 5: happy and excited.
Sense 6: malodorous.
Sense 7: intoxicated.

"higher-income" means greater in amount.
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "higher proportion", "higher-income states".
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "states" in the context: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-."
The context refers to the constituent administrative districts of a nation (the United States), specifically "states conducting a Senate election" and "higher-income states".
Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" (synonyms: province, examples: his state is in the deep south).
Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (synonyms: nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic).
Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" (synonyms: country, land).

The context clearly refers to the US states (constituent administrative districts of a nation).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "states conducting a Senate election" -> US states.
Sense 1: state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south.
Yes, this matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Put" in the context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
The phrase is "Put more simply".
This means to express or formulate something in a particular style or language (more simply).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. put into a certain place or abstract location
2. cause to be in a certain state
3. formulate in a particular style or language (synonyms: frame, redact, cast, couch; examples: I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language)
4. attribute or give
5. make an investment
6. estimate
7. cause (someone) to undergo something
8. adapt
9. arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events

Sense 3 fits perfectly: "formulate in a particular style or language". "Put more simply" means to formulate the previous idea in simpler language.

Let's double check.
"Put more simply" -> "I wouldn't put it that way" -> formulate in a particular style or language.
Yes, sense 3 is the best match.
Sense index: 3.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 3}
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "candidates" in the context: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
The context is about politicians running for public office (president, Senate).
Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
Sense 2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect)

Sense 1 is the most specific and accurate for "candidates for president" and "candidates for the Senate".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"GOP candidates for president" -> politicians running for public office.
Sense 1 is "a politician who is running for public office".
Sense 2 is "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)".
Sense 1 is more specific to the political context.
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "GOP candidates for president" and "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates".
This refers to the President of the United States.
Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government" (President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive).
Sense 3: "the chief executive of a republic".
Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state".
The context says "GOP candidates for president", referring to the person who holds the office, not the office itself.
So sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"candidates for president" -> person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government.
Sense 2: president%1:18:04::
Wait, "presidential" is an adjective, but the target is "president".
"GOP candidates for president" -> candidates for the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government.
Yes, sense 2.
Let's review the options.
1. executive officer of a firm
2. person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government
3. chief executive of a republic
4. officer who presides at meetings
5. head administrative officer of a college
6. the office of the United States head of state

Since it's "candidates for president", it refers to the person (the candidate will become the person).
Sense 2 is the most specific and accurate for the US context ("GOP candidates", "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates").
Therefore, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "look_on" and the surface form is "looked on".
Context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Candidate senses:
1. observe with attention (watch)
2. look on as or consider (think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be)

In the context, "looked on more kindly by voters" means the voters consider or regard them more kindly.
This matches sense 2: "look on as or consider".
Synonyms: think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be.
"looked on more kindly" -> regarded more kindly.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"looked on" -> "regarded"
"looked on more kindly" -> "regarded more kindly"
Sense 2 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Republican" in the context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
The context is talking about "GOP candidates" and "Republican candidates for the Senate".
This clearly refers to the Republican Party.
Sense 1: relating to or belonging to the Republican Party (a Republican senator; Republican party politics).
Sense 2: having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote... (republican form of government).

The target word is "Republican" (capitalized), referring to the party.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "candidates" in the context: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
The context is talking about politicians running for public office (president, Senate).
Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office (synonyms: campaigner, nominee)
Sense 2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) (synonyms: prospect)

Since the context specifically mentions "GOP candidates for president" and "Republican candidates for the Senate", it refers to politicians running for public office.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"GOP candidates for president" -> politicians running for public office.
Sense 1 is "a politician who is running for public office".
Sense 2 is "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)".
Sense 1 is more specific and perfectly matches the context of political candidates.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "severe" in the context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
The context talks about a "prisoner's sentence" being more "severe".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality (severe pain, severe case of flu)
2. very strong or vigorous (strong winds, hard left)
3. severely simple (stark interior)
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment (parent severe to the pitch of hostility)
5. causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm (dangerous operation, grave situation)
6. very bad in degree or extent (severe worldwide depression, severe damage)

Wait, a "severe sentence" means a harsh, strict, or uncompromising punishment.
Let's re-read sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; synonyms=spartan; examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien".
Is there a better sense for "severe sentence"?
Let's check the WordNet senses for "severe".
severe%5:00:00:intense:00 (intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality)
severe%5:00:00:strong:00 (very strong or vigorous)
severe%5:00:00:plain:01 (severely simple)
severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 (unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment)
severe%5:00:00:critical:03 (causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm)
severe%5:00:01:bad:00 (very bad in degree or extent)

Wait, "severe sentence" -> harsh, strict, uncompromising. Sense 4 is "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A sentence is a judgment.
Let's consider sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality". A severe sentence is unpleasant.
But "severe" applied to a sentence or punishment usually means harsh, strict, uncompromising.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 4: spartan, strict, harsh.
Wait, let's search for "severe sentence" in WordNet.
Is "severe" modifying "sentence" meaning "harsh"? Yes.
Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A sentence is a judgment.
Let's check if there is another sense.
What about sense 1? "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality".
Let's look at the exact WordNet entry for "severe".
Senses of severe:
1. intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality (severe pain, severe case of flu)
2. very strong or vigorous (strong winds, a hard left to the chin)
3. severely simple (a stark interior)
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment (a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien)
5. causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm (a dangerous operation; a grave situation)
6. very bad in degree or extent (a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage)

Wait, "severe sentence" -> harsh, strict.
Is it sense 4? "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment".
Or is it sense 1? "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality".
Let's think about "severe punishment" or "severe sentence".
In WordNet, "severe" as in "severe punishment" is often mapped to "harsh" or "strict".
Sense 4 has "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A sentence is a judgment.
Let's check if "severe" in "severe sentence" is sense 4.
"unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" -> strict, harsh.
Yes, "severe" meaning harsh or strict fits sense 4.
Let's double check.
"when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Sentence = judgment.
"unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment"
This perfectly matches "severe sentence".

Let's review the options.
1. intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment

If a sentence is severe, it is harsh, strict, uncompromising.
Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.
Let's consider if "severe" could be sense 1. "severe pain" is sense 1. "severe sentence" is more about the strictness/harshness of the judgment.
I will go with 4.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 4: spartan, strict, harsh.
Yes, "severe" meaning harsh/strict is sense 4.
I am confident in 4.
Let's re-read the context: "when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Sentence is a judgment. Sense 4 explicitly mentions "judgment".
"unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment"
This is a very strong match.
I will output 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "appears" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
The sentence means that ticket splitting seems to take the same peculiar pattern.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (look, seem) - "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem"
4. seem to be true, probable, or apparent (seem) - "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad"

Wait, "appears to take" is similar to "seems to take".
Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" -> "This appears to be a very difficult problem"
Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" -> "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad"

Let's check the context: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern..."
Is it sense 1 or sense 4?
"appear to be" vs "appear to take".
In WordNet, "appear" as "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" (sense 4) is often used with "that" clauses or infinitives indicating a state of affairs.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms. Sense 1 has "look, seem". Sense 4 has "seem".
Actually, "appear to be" is often sense 1. "appear to take" is similar to "seem to take".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "This appears to be a very difficult problem".
Let's check the examples for sense 4: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad".
Wait, sense 1 is "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
Sense 4 is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
"ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" -> it seems to be true that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern.
Let's consider "appear" + infinitive.
"appear to be" is sense 1.
"appear to take" is sense 4? Or sense 1?
Let's search for "appear to" in WordNet.
"appear" (seem to be true, probable, or apparent) -> "It appears that..."
"appear" (give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect) -> "She seems to be sleeping", "This appears to be a very difficult problem".
"ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" -> "ticket splitting seems to take the same peculiar pattern".
Is it sense 1 or sense 4?
"appear to take" is an epistemic use, meaning "it seems that ticket splitting takes...".
Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
"ticket splitting" doesn't have an outward aspect. It's a phenomenon that seems to be true.
Therefore, sense 4 is more appropriate.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
"ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" -> it is apparent that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern.
Let's check if there's any other sense.
Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping" (outward aspect).
Sense 4: "It appears that the weather in California is very bad" (probable/apparent).
"ticket splitting appears to take..." is epistemic, so sense 4.

Let's double check.
"appear" (seem to be true, probable, or apparent)
Examples: "It seems that he is very gifted", "It appears that the weather in California is very bad".
Can "appear to take" be sense 4? Yes, "It appears that ticket splitting takes..." -> "ticket splitting appears to take...".
What about sense 1? "This appears to be a very difficult problem."
Is "ticket splitting" giving a certain impression? No, it's a fact that seems to be true.
So sense 4 is the best fit.

Let's review the exact wording of sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent".
Synonyms: seem.
Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
This means it seems to be true that ticket splitting takes the same peculiar pattern.
I will choose sense 4.
Wait, let's look at sense 1 again. "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
Does "ticket splitting" have an outward aspect? No.
So sense 4 is definitely better.
Let's confirm the index.
1. appear%2:39:00::
2. appear%2:30:00::
3. appear%2:30:01::
4. appear%2:39:01::
5. appear%2:30:02::
6. appear%2:36:00::
7. appear%2:41:03::

Index 4 is "appear%2:39:01::".
I will output 4.
Let's consider if "appear to take" could be sense 1. "This appears to be a very difficult problem" is sense 1. "ticket splitting appears to take" is similar to "this appears to be". But "ticket splitting" is an abstract concept, not something with an outward aspect. "It appears that ticket splitting takes..." is sense 4.
I'm confident in 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "take" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
The phrase is "take the same peculiar pattern".
This means "assume" or "take on" a certain form, attribute, or aspect.
Let's check the candidate senses.
Sense 5: take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn.
This perfectly matches "take the same peculiar pattern".

Let's double check.
"ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" -> "assume" or "take on" a pattern.
Sense 5 is "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect".
Synonyms: assume, acquire, adopt, take on.
Examples: His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 22: occupy or take on (assume, strike, take up) - He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage.
Sense 5 is much better for "take a pattern".

Let's review the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
"take" here means "assume" or "take on".
Sense 5: take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn.

Yes, sense 5 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 5}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "same" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
The phrase is "the same peculiar pattern".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. same in identity (the same man I saw yesterday)
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree (curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age)
3. equal in amount or value (like amounts; equivalent amounts)
4. unchanged in character or nature (the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever)

In the context, "the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level" means the pattern is closely similar or comparable in kind or quality. It's not the exact identical pattern (identity), but rather a similar pattern.
Wait, "same" here means "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
Let's check sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree".
Examples: "curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age".
Is it sense 2? Yes, "the same peculiar pattern" means a pattern that is closely similar or comparable in kind.
Let's consider sense 1: "same in identity". The pattern at the state level is not the *identical* pattern as the federal level, but a similar one.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
This implies similarity in kind or quality.
Sense 2: closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
Yes, sense 2.
Let's review the options.
1. same in identity
2. closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree
3. equal in amount or value
4. unchanged in character or nature

Sense 2 is the most appropriate.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "level" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
The context discusses "state government level" and "federal level".
This refers to a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series, or a relative position or degree of value in a graded group, or a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality.
Wait, let's look at the candidate senses:
1. level%1:07:00:: - a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (degree, grade)
2. level%1:26:01:: - a relative position or degree of value in a graded group (grade, tier)
3. level%1:26:00:: - a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree, stage, point)
4. level%1:07:01:: - height above ground
5. level%1:06:00:: - indicator that establishes the horizontal
6. level%1:06:03:: - a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line
7. level%1:09:00:: - an abstract place usually conceived as having depth (layer, stratum)
8. level%1:06:01:: - a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale (floor, storey, story)

"state government level" and "federal level" refer to a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series (e.g., local, state, federal).
Let's check sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". Synonyms: degree, stage, point. Examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"
Wait, "level" in "state government level" is a position in a hierarchy or series (local, state, federal).
Is it sense 3?
Let's consider sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Or sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
Or sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
Let's look at WordNet for "level".
level%1:26:00:: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" -> "at what stage are the social sciences?"
Wait, "state government level" is a level of government.
Is "level" in "level of government" sense 3?
Let's search for "level" in WordNet.
level%1:26:00:: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
level%1:26:01:: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" (grade, tier)
level%1:07:00:: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (degree, grade)

Actually, "level" as in "federal level" or "state level" is often mapped to "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (sense 3).
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"
Wait, "level" in "federal level" is a position in a series (local, state, federal).
Let's consider "level" as "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Is there a better fit?
What about "level" as in "level of government"?
In WordNet, "level" (noun) has:
1. a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line
2. a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale
3. an abstract place usually conceived as having depth
4. a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
5. a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process
6. height above ground
7. indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid
8. a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

Wait, "level" in "state government level" is a position in a series (local, state, federal).
Let's look at sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Let's look at sense 4 (which is 2 in the list): "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
Let's look at sense 5 (which is 3 in the list): "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
"state government level" -> "federal level". This is a position in a series (local, state, federal).
I will choose sense 3.
Let's double check.
"at the state government level as it does at the federal level"
"level" here means a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series.
Yes, "level" as in "level of government" is typically sense 3 (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series).
Let's review the options.
1. level%1:07:00:: - a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
2. level%1:26:01:: - a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
3. level%1:26:00:: - a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process
4. level%1:07:01:: - height above ground
5. level%1:06:00:: - indicator that establishes the horizontal
6. level%1:06:03:: - a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line
7. level%1:09:00:: - an abstract place usually conceived as having depth
8. level%1:06:01:: - a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale

"state government level" is a position in a series (local, state, federal).
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's confirm if "level" in "federal level" is sense 3.
Yes, "level" as in "at the national level", "at the state level" is a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series.
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "federal" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level."
The context contrasts "state government level" with "federal level".
Sense 1: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units.
Sense 2: of or relating to the central government of a federation.
Sense 3: being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War.
Sense 4: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

The context is talking about the US government (state government vs federal level, GOP candidates, etc.).
Sense 1 specifically mentions "especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units". This perfectly matches "state government level as it does at the federal level".
Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: "national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units"
Sense 2: "of or relating to the central government of a federation"
In the context, "federal level" is contrasted with "state government level", which aligns with "distinct from that of its member units" (the states).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for Sense 1: "the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts".
Wait, "federal level" is an adjective modifying "level".
Is it Sense 1? Yes, "federal" meaning national, especially US government.
Let's check the context again: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
"federal" here means the national government of the US.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.