attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
The <t>art</t> of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art
2. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "art" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The phrase is "The art of change-ringing".
Change-ringing is a skill or practice.
Sense 1: products of human creativity (fine art)
Sense 2: creation of beautiful or significant things (artistic creation)
Sense 3: a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation (artistry, prowess). Example: "the art of conversation".
Sense 4: photographs or other visual representations.

"The art of change-ringing" matches "a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation" (Sense 3), similar to "the art of conversation".

Therefore, the best sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiar
Target surface form: peculiar
Context:
The art of change-ringing is <t>peculiar</t> to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=beyond or deviating from the usual or expected | synonyms=curious, funny, odd, queer, rum, rummy | examples=a curious hybrid accent; her speech has a funny twang
2. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=particular, special | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
3. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:unusual:00 | definition=markedly different from the usual; ; -Virginia Woolf | examples=a peculiar hobby of stuffing and mounting bats; a man...feels it a peculiar insult to be taunted with cowardice by a woman
4. sense_key=peculiar%5:00:00:characteristic:00 | definition=characteristic of one only; distinctive or special; - R.B.Taney | examples=the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "peculiar" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The phrase "peculiar to the English" means unique or specific to the English.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. strange: beyond or deviating from the usual or expected.
2. specific: unique or specific to a person or thing or category.
3. unusual: markedly different from the usual.
4. characteristic: characteristic of one only; distinctive or special.

Wait, "peculiar to" is a strong collocation for "specific to" or "characteristic of one only".
Sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category" -> synonyms: particular, special.
Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special" -> examples: "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S."

Let's read Sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
Let's read Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"

Wait, "peculiar to" is often mapped to "specific" or "characteristic".
Let's check WordNet for "peculiar".
Sense 2: peculiar (a) = unique or specific to a person or thing or category. "the particular demands of the job"; "has a particular preference for Chinese art"
Wait, "peculiar to" is often sense 2 or 4.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: particular, special.
Let's look at sense 4: characteristic of one only; distinctive or special.

Is "peculiar to the English" meaning "specific to the English"? Yes.
Let's check the exact WordNet definition for "peculiar" (adjective).
1. peculiar (a) = beyond or deviating from the usual or expected.
2. peculiar (a) = unique or specific to a person or thing or category. "the particular demands of the job"; "has a particular preference for Chinese art"
3. peculiar (a) = markedly different from the usual.
4. peculiar (a) = characteristic of one only; distinctive or special. "the peculiar character of the Government of the U.S."

Wait, "peculiar to" is often sense 2. "peculiar to the English" -> specific to the English.
Let's search for "peculiar to" in WordNet.
"peculiar to" is often defined under "specific" or "characteristic".
Actually, "peculiar" meaning "specific to" is sense 2.
Let's re-read sense 2: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category"
"peculiar to the English" -> specific to the English.
Sense 4: "characteristic of one only; distinctive or special"

Let's look at the examples for sense 2: "the particular demands of the job"
Wait, "peculiar to" is a specific phrase.
In WordNet, "peculiar" sense 2 is "unique or specific to a person or thing or category".
Is it sense 2 or sense 4?
"peculiar to the English" -> specific to the English.
Let's consider "peculiar to" as "specific to".
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: particular, special.
Synonyms for sense 4: characteristic.
"peculiar to" is often glossed as "specific to".
Let's choose sense 2.
Wait, let's check sense 2 vs sense 4.
"peculiar to" -> specific to.
I'll go with 2.
Let's double check. "peculiar to the English" -> specific to the English.
Sense 2: unique or specific to a person or thing or category.
Yes, "specific to a person or thing or category" perfectly matches "peculiar to the English".
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the <t>English</t>, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%1:10:00:: | definition=an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries | synonyms=English language
2. sense_key=english%1:18:00:: | definition=the people of England | synonyms=English people
3. sense_key=english%1:09:00:: | definition=the discipline that studies the English language and literature
4. sense_key=english%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=side

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "English" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The phrase "peculiar to the English" refers to the people of England.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. English language
2. the people of England (English people)
3. the discipline that studies the English language and literature
4. (sports) the spin given to a ball

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "the people of England".
"peculiar to the English" -> peculiar to the people of England.
Therefore, sense_index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like <t>most</t> English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "most".
Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
"most" modifies "English peculiarities".
"English peculiarities" is a count noun phrase (plural).
Sense 1: (superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number. Examples: who has the most apples?; most people like eggs.
Sense 2: the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree. Examples: made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

"most English peculiarities" -> "most" is used with a count noun (peculiarities).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Let's double check.
"most people" -> count noun.
"most English peculiarities" -> count noun.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people | examples=English history; the English landed aristocracy
2. sense_key=english%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the English language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "English" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most <t>English</t> peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The target word is an adjective modifying "peculiarities".
Sense 1: of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people.
Sense 2: of or relating to the English language.

"English peculiarities" refers to peculiarities of the English people or culture, not the English language.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: peculiarity
Target surface form: peculiarities
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English <t>peculiarities</t>, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=peculiarity%1:09:00:: | definition=an odd or unusual characteristic | synonyms=distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic
2. sense_key=peculiarity%1:07:02:: | definition=a distinguishing trait | synonyms=specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness
3. sense_key=peculiarity%1:06:00:: | definition=something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting | synonyms=curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "peculiarities" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The context talks about a characteristic or trait that is specific to the English (change-ringing).
Sense 1: an odd or unusual characteristic (distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic)
Sense 2: a distinguishing trait (specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness)
Sense 3: something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting (curio, curiosity, oddity, oddment, rarity)

"English peculiarities" refers to distinguishing traits or characteristics of the English.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms.
Sense 1: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic.
Sense 2: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness.
"peculiarity" as a distinguishing trait.
Let's check WordNet for "peculiarity".
Sense 1: an odd or unusual characteristic. "he has a peculiarity of speech"
Sense 2: a distinguishing trait. "the peculiarities of the English language"
Wait, "the peculiarities of the English language" is an example for Sense 2?
Let's search my internal knowledge for WordNet "peculiarity".
Sense 1: an odd or unusual characteristic.
Sense 2: a distinguishing trait. "the peculiarities of the English language"
Sense 3: something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting.

In the context: "like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
This matches "a distinguishing trait" (Sense 2) or "an odd or unusual characteristic" (Sense 1).
Wait, "peculiar to the English" -> "English peculiarities".
Is it Sense 1 or Sense 2?
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: distinctive feature, distinguishing characteristic
Sense 2: specialness, specialty, speciality, distinctiveness
Actually, "peculiarity" meaning "a distinguishing trait" has the example "the peculiarities of the English language".
Let's check the exact WordNet gloss for peculiarity.
1. peculiarity - an odd or unusual characteristic; "he has a peculiarity of speech"
2. peculiarity - a distinguishing trait; "the peculiarities of the English language"
3. peculiarity - something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting; "she has a collection of curiosities"

The context says "like most English peculiarities". This is very similar to "the peculiarities of the English language".
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best match.
Let's double check.
"peculiarity"
1. an odd or unusual characteristic
2. a distinguishing trait
3. something unusual -- perhaps worthy of collecting

"English peculiarities" -> distinguishing trait.
I will choose Sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
"peculiarities" here means distinguishing traits or characteristics.
Sense 2: a distinguishing trait.
I'll output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unintelligible
Target surface form: unintelligible
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, <t>unintelligible</t> to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unintelligible%3:00:00:: | definition=poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise | examples=unintelligible speech
2. sense_key=unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00 | definition=not clearly understood or expressed | synonyms=opaque

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "unintelligible".
Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
Candidate senses:
1. poorly articulated or enunciated, or drowned by noise (e.g., unintelligible speech)
2. not clearly understood or expressed (synonyms: opaque)

In the context, "unintelligible to the rest of the world" means that the rest of the world does not understand it, not that it is poorly articulated or drowned by noise.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 2: sense_key=unintelligible%5:00:00:incomprehensible:00
Index: 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rest
Target surface form: rest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the <t>rest</t> of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility) | synonyms=ease, repose, relaxation | examples=took his repose by the swimming pool
3. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation | synonyms=respite, relief, rest period | examples=people actually accomplish more when they take time for short rests
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction | examples=a body will continue in a state of rest until acted upon
5. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death (based on an analogy between lying in a bed and in a tomb) | synonyms=eternal rest, sleep, eternal sleep, quietus | examples=she was laid to rest beside her husband; they had to put their family pet to sleep
6. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put | examples=the gun was steadied on a special rest
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "rest" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The phrase is "the rest of the world".
This means the remainder or the remaining part of the world.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rest%1:24:00:: | definition=something left after other parts have been taken away | synonyms=remainder, balance, residual, residue, residuum | examples=there was no remainder; he threw away the rest
2. sense_key=rest%1:04:00:: | definition=freedom from activity (work or strain or responsibility)
3. sense_key=rest%1:28:00:: | definition=a pause for relaxation
4. sense_key=rest%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of inaction
5. sense_key=rest%1:26:01:: | definition=euphemisms for death
6. sense_key=rest%1:06:00:: | definition=a support on which things can be put
7. sense_key=rest%1:10:00:: | definition=a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration

Sense 1 matches "remainder", which fits "the rest of the world" (the remainder of the world).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the <t>world</t>. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "world" in the context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world."
The phrase "the rest of the world" refers to people in general, or the rest of humanity, or people in general considered as a whole.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. everything that exists anywhere (universe)
2. people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain)
3. all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you (reality)
4. the 3rd planet from the sun (Earth)
5. people in general considered as a whole (populace, public)
6. a part of the earth that can be considered separately
7. the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife
8. all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind)

Wait, "the rest of the world" usually means the rest of the people on earth, or the rest of humanity.
Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" (human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind). Example: "all the world loves a lover".
Sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole" (populace, public). Example: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public".
Let's consider "the rest of the world". It means the rest of the human inhabitants of the earth.
Is it sense 8? "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth"
Or sense 5? "people in general considered as a whole"
Let's check the examples for sense 8: "all the world loves a lover".
"the rest of the world" -> the rest of the human inhabitants of the earth.
Let's look at sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
Wait, sense 8 is "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth".
Sense 5 is "people in general considered as a whole".
"the rest of the world" implies the rest of the people.
Let's check WordNet for "rest of the world".
"world" in "the rest of the world" usually maps to sense 8 (human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind).
Let's re-read the context: "unintelligible to the rest of the world."
This means the rest of the people on earth.
Sense 8: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth. Synonyms: human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind.
Sense 5: people in general considered as a whole. Synonyms: populace, public.
"the rest of the world" -> "the rest of the human race".
I will choose sense 8.
Wait, let's double check.
"all the world loves a lover" -> sense 8.
"the rest of the world" -> sense 8.
Let's see if there is any other sense.
Sense 8 fits perfectly.
Let's review the options.
1. universe
2. domain
3. reality
4. Earth
5. populace, public
6. part of the earth
7. worldly concern
8. human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind

"unintelligible to the rest of the world" -> unintelligible to the rest of humanity.
Yes, sense 8.
I will output {"sense_index": 8}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scene
Target surface form: scenes
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all <t>scenes</t> that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scene%1:15:00:: | definition=the place where some action occurs | examples=the police returned to the scene of the crime
2. sense_key=scene%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident (real or imaginary) | examples=their parting was a sad scene
3. sense_key=scene%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
4. sense_key=scene%1:10:01:: | definition=a consecutive series of pictures that constitutes a unit of action in a film | synonyms=shot
5. sense_key=scene%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=picture | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
6. sense_key=scene%1:10:00:: | definition=a subdivision of an act of a play | examples=the first act has three scenes
7. sense_key=scene%1:26:01:: | definition=a display of bad temper | synonyms=fit, tantrum, conniption | examples=he had a fit; she threw a tantrum
8. sense_key=scene%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=view | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=scene%1:15:01:: | definition=the context and environment in which something is set | synonyms=setting | examples=the perfect setting for a ghost story
10. sense_key=scene%1:06:00:: | definition=the painted structures of a stage set that are intended to suggest a particular locale | synonyms=scenery | examples=they worked all night painting the scenery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "scenes" in the context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The context describes a visual percept of a region, a view, a landscape.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. place where some action occurs (scene of the crime)
2. an incident (real or imaginary)
3. the visual percept of a region (view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama) - "the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
4. consecutive series of pictures in a film
5. situation treated as an observable object
6. subdivision of an act of a play
7. display of bad temper
8. graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept
9. context and environment in which something is set
10. painted structures of a stage set

The context says "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
This perfectly matches sense 3: "the visual percept of a region" (view, aspect, prospect, vista, panorama).
Let's double check. "scenes that evoke rural England" -> views of rural England.
Sense 3 is the best fit.
Sense index: 3.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evoke
Target surface form: evoke
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that <t>evoke</t> rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evoke%2:37:00:: | definition=call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) | synonyms=arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, fire, raise | examples=arouse pity; raise a smile
2. sense_key=evoke%2:36:00:: | definition=evoke or provoke to appear or occur | synonyms=provoke, call forth, kick up | examples=Her behavior provoked a quarrel between the couple
3. sense_key=evoke%2:36:01:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, elicit, extract, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=evoke%2:36:02:: | definition=summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic | synonyms=raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, stir, call down | examples=raise the specter of unemployment; he conjured wild birds in the air
5. sense_key=evoke%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=suggest, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "evoke" in the context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The context describes a scene that brings to mind or suggests "rural England".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses) - arouse pity, raise a smile
2. evoke or provoke to appear or occur - provoke, call forth, kick up
3. deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) - educe, elicit, extract, draw out
4. summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic - raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, stir, call down
5. call to mind - suggest, paint a picture - this remark evoked sadness

Wait, "scenes that evoke rural England" means scenes that call to mind or suggest rural England.
Sense 5: "call to mind", synonyms: suggest, paint a picture.
Let's check the examples: "this remark evoked sadness" (Wait, sadness is an emotion, but the definition is "call to mind").
Actually, "evoke" meaning "call to mind" or "suggest" fits "scenes that evoke rural England" perfectly. The scene paints a picture of or suggests rural England.
Let's re-read sense 5: "call to mind", synonyms: suggest, paint a picture.
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses). "rural England" is not an emotion.
Sense 4: summon into action or bring into existence.
Sense 5 is the best fit. "scenes that evoke rural England" -> scenes that call to mind rural England.

Let's double check WordNet for "evoke".
evoke v
1: call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses); "arouse pity"; "raise a smile" [syn: arouse, elicit, enkindle, kindle, fire, raise]
2: evoke or provoke to appear or occur; "Her behavior provoked a quarrel between the couple" [syn: provoke, call forth, kick up]
3: deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning); "We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant" [syn: educe, elicit, extract, draw out]
4: summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic; "raise the specter of unemployment"; "he conjured wild birds in the air" [syn: raise, conjure, conjure up, invoke, stir, call down]
5: call to mind; "this remark evoked sadness" [syn: suggest, paint a picture]

"scenes that evoke rural England" -> call to mind.
Yes, sense 5.
Context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest..."
The scene calls to mind rural England.
I will choose sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lovely
Target surface form: loveliest
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the <t>loveliest</t>: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00 | definition=appealing to the emotions as well as the eye
2. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00 | definition=lovable especially in a childlike or naive way | synonyms=adorable, endearing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "loveliest" (superlative of "lovely").
Context: "Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:beautiful:00 | definition=appealing to the emotions as well as the eye
2. sense_key=lovely%5:00:00:lovable:00 | definition=lovable especially in a childlike or naive way | synonyms=adorable, endearing

The context describes a scene (an ancient stone church amid fields, sound of bells) that is visually and emotionally appealing. This matches sense 1 ("appealing to the emotions as well as the eye"). Sense 2 is about being lovable in a childlike or naive way, which doesn't fit a scene of a church.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An <t>ancient</t> stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ancient" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
The senses are:
1. belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire
2. very old

The context describes an "ancient stone church" in rural England. It doesn't necessarily mean it's from before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but rather that it is very old.
Sense 2: "very old" fits "ancient stone church" perfectly.
Let's double check. "ancient mariner" is an example of sense 2. "ancient stone church" is very old.
Sense 1 is for "ancient history", "ancient civilizations".
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stone
Target surface form: stone
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stone%1:17:00:: | definition=a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter | synonyms=rock | examples=he threw a rock at me
2. sense_key=stone%1:06:00:: | definition=building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose | examples=he wanted a special stone to mark the site
3. sense_key=stone%1:27:00:: | definition=material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust | synonyms=rock | examples=that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries
4. sense_key=stone%1:27:01:: | definition=a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry | synonyms=gem, gemstone | examples=he had the gem set in a ring for his wife; she had jewels made of all the rarest stones
5. sense_key=stone%1:23:00:: | definition=an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds | examples=a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone
6. sense_key=stone%1:20:00:: | definition=the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed | synonyms=pit, endocarp | examples=you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking
7. sense_key=stone%1:18:05:: | definition=United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Stone, Harlan F. Stone, Harlan Fisk Stone
8. sense_key=stone%1:18:04:: | definition=United States filmmaker (born in 1946) | synonyms=Oliver Stone
9. sense_key=stone%1:18:03:: | definition=United States feminist and suffragist (1818-1893) | synonyms=Lucy Stone
10. sense_key=stone%1:18:02:: | definition=United States journalist who advocated liberal causes (1907-1989) | synonyms=I. F. Stone, Isidor Feinstein Stone
11. sense_key=stone%1:18:01:: | definition=United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as chief justice (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Fiske Stone
12. sense_key=stone%1:18:00:: | definition=United States architect (1902-1978) | synonyms=Edward Durell Stone
13. sense_key=stone%1:07:00:: | definition=a lack of feeling or expression or movement | examples=he must have a heart of stone; her face was as hard as stone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "stone" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields..."
The word "stone" is used as an adjective or noun adjunct modifying "church", indicating the material the church is made of.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter (rock)
2. building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose
3. material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust (rock)
4. a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry
5. an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body
6. the hard inner layer of the pericarp of some fruits
7-12. people
13. a lack of feeling or expression or movement

Wait, "stone church" means a church made of stone (building material).
Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose" - examples: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site".
Wait, sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust" - examples: "that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries".
Is "stone" in "stone church" sense 2 or sense 3?
Let's check WordNet for "stone" as building material.
"building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose" -> sense 2.
Wait, "stone" as a mass noun (material) is sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust".
Let's re-read sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
In "stone church", "stone" is the material. Is it sense 2 or sense 3?
Let's consider "stone" as a mass noun. "stone is abundant in New England" (sense 3).
"An ancient stone church" -> made of stone.
Wait, let's look at similar examples. "a stone wall" -> building material.
Is there a sense for "building material"? Yes, sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". But "stone" in "stone church" is not necessarily "a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape". It's the material.
Wait, let's check sense 2 again. "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
What about sense 3? "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust".
Actually, WordNet has:
stone%1:06:00:: building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose
stone%1:27:00:: material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust
In "stone church", "stone" is used as a noun adjunct meaning "made of stone".
Is it sense 2 or sense 3?
Let's search for "stone church" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, if it's "building material", sense 2 is "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
But "stone" as a mass noun for building material is often sense 2 or 3.
Let's look at the gloss of sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
Gloss of sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust".
In "stone church", it refers to the building material.
Wait, "stone" in "stone church" is an attributive noun.
Let's consider "stone" as building material. "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose" is sense 2.
Is there another sense?
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site".
What about sense 3? "that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries".
If I say "a stone church", it means a church made of stone (the building material).
Is "stone" here sense 2 or 3?
Let's think if "stone" as a mass noun for building material is sense 2 or 3.
In WordNet, "stone" (building material) is sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". Wait, "a piece of rock" is countable. But "stone" can be uncountable.
Let's check WordNet 3.1:
stone n
1. rock (a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter) "he threw a rock at me"
2. stone (building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose) "he wanted a special stone to mark the site"
3. rock, stone (material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust) "that mountain is solid rock"; "stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries"
4. gem, gemstone, stone (a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry) "he had the gem set in a ring for his wife"; "she had jewels made of all the rarest stones"
5. stone (an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds) "a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone"
6. pit, stone, endocarp (the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed) "you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking"
...
13. stone (a lack of feeling or expression or movement) "he must have a heart of stone"; "her face was as hard as stone"

If "stone church" means a church made of stone, is it sense 2 or 3?
"stone" as a mass noun meaning "building material" is often mapped to sense 2 or 3.
But sense 2 says "a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape".
Sense 3 says "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals...".
Actually, "stone" as a building material is sense 2. "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
Wait, could it be sense 2? "building material" is explicitly in the definition of sense 2.
Let's check if there's any other sense.
"stone" as in "stone wall", "stone church".
In many WSD datasets, "stone" in "stone wall" or "stone church" is sense 2 because it's building material.
Let's re-read sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
Is "stone" in "stone church" sense 2? Yes, it's building material.
Let's consider sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust". This is more like "rock" in a geological sense.
"stone" as building material is sense 2.
Let's double check. "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
Yes, "stone" in "stone church" refers to the building material.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's think if "stone" in "stone church" could be sense 3.
"stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries" -> this is also building material context (quarries).
But sense 2 explicitly says "building material".
Let's search my internal knowledge for "stone church" WordNet sense.
In SemCor or similar, "stone" as in "stone wall" is often sense 2.
Let's look at the phrase "ancient stone church".
"stone" modifies "church". It means the church is made of stone.
Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose".
I'll go with 2.
Wait, let's re-evaluate sense 2 vs sense 3.
Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose"
Sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust"
If I say "a stone church", it's made of building material. So sense 2 is highly likely.
Let's choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "church".
Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The word "church" here refers to a physical building ("ancient stone church", "stands amid the fields", "bells cascading from its tower").
Candidate senses:
1. one of the groups of Christians
2. a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)
3. a service conducted in a house of worship
4. the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

Sense 2 matches "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" and "church building". The context explicitly mentions "ancient stone church", which is a building.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stands
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "stands" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower..."
The church is physically located or situated in a place.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be standing; be upright (We had to stand for the entire performance!)
2. be in some specified state or condition (I stand corrected)
3. occupy a place or location, also metaphorically (We stand on common ground)
4. hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright
5. put up with something or somebody unpleasant
6. have or maintain a position or stand on an issue
7. remain inactive or immobile (standing water)
8. be in effect; be or remain in force
9. be tall; have a height of; copula (She stands 6 feet tall)
10. put into an upright position
11. withstand the force of something
12. be available for stud services

Sense 3: "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically" fits "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields". The church occupies a place or location.
Let's double check.
"occupy a place or location, also metaphorically" -> "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields"
Yes, this is the best fit.
Sense 3 is the correct one.
Let's review the options.
1. be standing; be upright (usually for people or things that can be upright, but "occupy a place or location" is more specific to "stands amid the fields").
Wait, "occupy a place or location" is exactly "stand" as in "The house stands on a hill."
Yes, sense 3.
Let's check sense 3 again: "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically"
Examples: "We stand on common ground"
Is there any other?
"be standing; be upright" (sense 1)
But "occupy a place or location" is the classic sense for buildings standing somewhere.
"An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" -> occupies a place or location.
I will choose 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fields" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The context describes a rural English scene with an ancient stone church standing amid fields.
This refers to a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed, or an extensive tract of level open land.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth

Wait, "amid the fields" in rural England usually refers to agricultural fields or open land.
Sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed"
Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land"

Let's look at the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower..."
Is it sense 1 or sense 9?
"amid the fields" -> plural.
Sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed"
Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land"

Let's consider "fields of his youth" in sense 9.
But "amid the fields" in rural England often refers to agricultural fields (cleared of trees and enclosed).
Let's check WordNet for "field".
Sense 1: a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed.
Sense 9: extensive tract of level open land.

"amid the fields" -> "fields" as in agricultural land.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed"
Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land"

In rural England, fields are typically enclosed pieces of land (hedgerows, etc.).
"amid the fields" -> sense 1.
Let's double check if there's any other.
"An ancient stone church stands amid the fields"
I will go with sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the example for sense 1: "he planted a field of wheat".
Example for sense 9: "they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth".
"amid the fields" in rural England is more like sense 1 (agricultural fields, enclosed).
Let's choose 1.
Wait, could it be 1? Yes.
Let's consider 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "sound" in the context: "the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The context refers to the auditory effect produced by the bells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

The context "the sound of bells cascading from its tower" perfectly matches sense 1: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause" (e.g., the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music).

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bells" in the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The context mentions "the sound of bells cascading from its tower".
Wait, sense 1 is "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".
Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck" (synonyms: toll, examples: she heard the distant toll of church bells).
Wait, the text says "the sound of bells cascading from its tower". The word "bells" here refers to the physical objects (the hollow devices) that are making the sound, or does it refer to the sound itself?
"the sound of bells cascading from its tower" -> "bells" is the source of the sound. The bells themselves are cascading (metaphorically, the sound of them is cascading, or the bells are ringing).
Let's check sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".
Let's check sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck". If it were sense 3, it would be "the sound of bells" meaning "the sound of the sound of a bell", which is redundant. "the sound of bells" means the sound produced by the physical bells.
Therefore, "bells" refers to the physical objects (sense 1).
Wait, "the sound of bells cascading" -> bells is the plural of bell (the device).
Let's re-read carefully: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower".
Is it sense 1? Yes, "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3.
"she heard the distant toll of church bells" -> here "bells" is the device, "toll" is the sound.
In "the sound of bells", "bells" is the device.
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck.
Context: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower"
Yes, the bells are the devices in the tower.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the phrasing: "the sound of bells cascading". The bells are the things in the tower.
Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck
If "bells" meant the sound, it would be "the sound of the sound of a bell", which is weird. "Bells" refers to the physical objects.
So sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cascade
Target surface form: cascading
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down
2. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cascading" in the context: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower".
The senses are:
1. rush down in big quantities, like a cascade (cascade down)
2. arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

The context is about the sound of bells rushing down or pouring down from a tower, like a cascade.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Sense 2 is about computer windows.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its <t>tower</t>, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "tower".
Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The tower is part of an ancient stone church.
Sense 1: a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building.
Sense 2: anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (column, pillar).
Sense 3: a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships (tugboat).

The church tower is a structure attached to a larger building (the church).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: tower%1:06:00::
Sense 2: tower%1:25:00::
Sense 3: tower%1:06:01::

The context clearly refers to a church tower, which is a structure attached to a larger building.
So sense 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: calling
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "calling" in the context: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The bells are ordering, requesting, or commanding the faithful to come to evensong.
Let's check the candidate senses.
Sense 5: order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
Sense 24: order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
Wait, "calling the faithful to evensong" means summoning them to come.
Let's look at Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come".
Is there a better fit?
Sense 5: order, request, or command to come.
Sense 24: order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role.
"calling the faithful to evensong" -> summoning them to come.
Let's check Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come".
Wait, could it be Sense 5? "Call the police!" "She was called into the director's office".
What about Sense 24? "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
"calling the faithful to evensong" - evensong is an activity, but "to come" is the primary meaning of calling someone to a place.
Let's re-read Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come".
Let's re-read Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
Is "calling the faithful to evensong" summoning them to come? Yes.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for Sense 5: send for.
Is there a sense for "summon to come"?
Sense 5: order, request, or command to come.
Let's consider "call" as in "call to prayer" or "call to worship".
In WordNet, "call" meaning "order, request, or command to come" (sense 5) fits "calling the faithful to evensong".
Let's check if there's any other sense.
Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
"calling the faithful to evensong" -> summoning them to come to evensong.
I think Sense 5 is the best fit. "order, request, or command to come".
Wait, "call" in "calling the faithful to evensong" means summoning them to come.
Let's check Sense 5 again. "order, request, or command to come".
Yes, "call the faithful to evensong" = command/request them to come to evensong.
Let's double check Sense 5.
"call" (verb)
5. order, request, or command to come
"call the faithful to evensong" -> command to come.
I will choose 5.
Wait, let's look at Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role".
"calling the faithful to evensong" - is evensong a duty or activity? Yes, but "to come" is more direct. "Call someone to something" often means summon them to come.
Let's search for "call to" in WordNet.
"call" v.
5. order, request, or command to come
"She was called into the director's office"
"Call the police!"
This matches "calling the faithful to evensong" (commanding them to come).
I'll go with 5.
Let's review the options.
1. name
2. ascribe a quality
3. telephone
4. shout
5. order, request, or command to come
6. pay a brief visit
7. call a meeting
8. read aloud
9. send a message
10. utter a characteristic note
11. stop or postpone
12. greet
13. make a stop in a harbour
14. demand payment
15. make a demand
16. give the calls
17. indicate a decision
18. make a prediction
19. require presentation
20. challenge
21. declare
22. lure
23. order or request or give a command for (e.g., strike)
24. order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role
25. utter in a loud voice or announce
26. challenge the sincerity
27. consider or regard
28. rouse from sleep

"calling the faithful to evensong" -> summoning them to come.
Sense 5: order, request, or command to come.
I am confident in 5.
Wait, "calling the faithful to evensong" could be "summoning" them. Sense 24 has "summon".
But Sense 5 is "order, request, or command to come".
"Call the faithful to evensong" -> command them to come to evensong.
I will choose 5.
Let's consider if "calling" means "summoning".
"call" (v) 5: order, request, or command to come.
Yes, 5 is the most appropriate.
Another option: 24. "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role". "They called him to active military duty".
"calling the faithful to evensong" -> evensong is an activity, but "to come" is the main point. "Call to" + place/event usually means "command to come".
I'll stick with 5.
Let's re-read the context: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."
The bells are ordering/requesting the faithful to come to evensong.
Sense 5 fits perfectly.
I will output 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: faithful
Target surface form: faithful
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "faithful" in the context: "calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door..."
The context refers to the people who attend the church, the parishioners.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Sense 2 specifically mentions "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" and has synonyms "congregation, fold". This perfectly matches "parishioners" and "calling the faithful to evensong".
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evensong
Target surface form: evensong
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to <t>evensong</t>. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "evensong".
Context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."
The context mentions "ancient stone church", "calling the faithful to evensong", "parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels". This is clearly an Anglican Church context (St. Michael and All Angels is a typical Anglican parish name, and "parishioners" is used).
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

The context specifically mentions "parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels", which strongly points to the Anglican Church. Sense 2 is specifically for the Anglican Church.
Let's double check. "calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door..."
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the definition of sense 2: "(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer".
Yes, this matches perfectly.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.