[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of <t>new</t> strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The word "new" modifies "strategies".
These strategies are "other than the former one(s); different" or "original and of a kind not seen before"?
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. not of long duration; having just come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. (a new law; new cars)
2. original and of a kind not seen before (fresh, novel)
3. lacking training or experience
4. having no previous example or precedent or parallel (unexampled)
5. other than the former one(s); different (they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it)
11. unfamiliar (new experiences; experiences new to him)

Wait, "new strategies" - are they just different from the old ones, or are they original/novel?
"An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
Could it be sense 1? "having just come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Or sense 5? "other than the former one(s); different"
Or sense 2? "original and of a kind not seen before"

Let's look at sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different"
Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before"

"new strategies" - strategies that are newly developed or different from the old ones.
In WordNet, "new" as in "new strategies" often falls under sense 1 (having just come into being) or sense 5 (different).
Let's consider "new strategies". Is it "different" (sense 5) or "recently come into being" (sense 1)?
"An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies..."
These strategies are being produced, so they are coming into being.
Wait, let's check sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Is there a better fit?
Let's check sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different"
"new strategies" could be "different" strategies.
But "produce an array of new strategies" implies they are newly created.
Let's look at similar examples in WordNet. "new strategies" might be sense 1.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "a new law; new cars".
Sense 5: "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it".
Sense 2: "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem".

"new strategies" - are they novel? "original and of a kind not seen before".
Maybe sense 1 is the most general and fits "new strategies" (recently come into being).
Let's consider "new" in "new strategies".
If I search for "new strategies" in WordNet, it might be sense 1.
Let's re-read the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
"new" here means recently developed or different.
Actually, sense 1 is "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered". This perfectly matches "produce an array of new strategies" (they are being produced, so they are coming into being).
Let's check sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
Is "new strategies" more about being different or being recently created? "produce an array of new strategies" -> they are being produced, so they are newly created.
I will go with sense 1.

Wait, let's look at sense 1 again. "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
Yes, "new strategies" are strategies that have just come into being or been made.

Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" (novel). "new strategies" might be novel, but "new" is more commonly sense 1.
Sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different".
I'll bet on sense 1.
Let's consider "new" modifying "strategies".
"new strategies" -> strategies that are newly developed.
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".
This fits "produce an array of new strategies".

Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00::
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09::
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00

I will choose 1.
Wait, "new strategies" could be sense 1.
Let's think if "new" could be sense 5. "different". "produce an array of different strategies". Yes, but "new" emphasizes their recent creation or discovery, which aligns with "emerging understanding ... is expected to produce".
So sense 1 is the best.
"having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
Yes.
End of thought.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strategy
Target surface form: strategies
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new <t>strategies</t> for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strategy%1:09:00:: | definition=an elaborate and systematic plan of action | synonyms=scheme
2. sense_key=strategy%1:09:01:: | definition=the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "strategies" (lemma: strategy).
Context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strategy%1:09:00:: | definition=an elaborate and systematic plan of action | synonyms=scheme
2. sense_key=strategy%1:09:01:: | definition=the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

In the context, "strategies" refers to plans of action for cancer treatment and prevention. This matches sense 1 (an elaborate and systematic plan of action).

Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for <t>future</t> cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%3:00:00:: | definition=yet to be or coming | examples=some future historian will evaluate him
2. sense_key=future%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=effective in or looking toward the future | examples=he was preparing for future employment opportunities
3. sense_key=future%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=next, succeeding | examples=our next president
4. sense_key=future%3:01:00:: | definition=a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened | examples=future auxiliary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "future" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The word "future" modifies "cancer treatment and prevention".
It means "yet to be or coming" or "effective in or looking toward the future".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%3:00:00:: | definition=yet to be or coming | examples=some future historian will evaluate him
2. sense_key=future%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=effective in or looking toward the future | examples=he was preparing for future employment opportunities
3. sense_key=future%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=next, succeeding | examples=our next president
4. sense_key=future%3:01:00:: | definition=a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened | examples=future auxiliary

"future cancer treatment" -> "future" is an adjective here.
Sense 1: "yet to be or coming" (adjective). Example: "some future historian".
Sense 2: "effective in or looking toward the future" (adjective). Example: "future employment opportunities".
Wait, "future cancer treatment" is very similar to "future employment opportunities".
Let's look at the part of speech. "future" is an adjective.
Sense 1 is future%3:00:00:: (adjective).
Sense 2 is future%5:00:00:prospective:00 (adjective).
Is "future" in "future cancer treatment" meaning "yet to be or coming" or "effective in or looking toward the future"?
"future cancer treatment" = cancer treatment that is yet to be or coming.
Let's check WordNet for "future".
Adjective senses:
1. future (yet to be or coming) "some future historian will evaluate him"
2. prospective, future (effective in or looking toward the future) "he was preparing for future employment opportunities"

Wait, "future cancer treatment" -> treatment that will happen in the future.
Is it "yet to be or coming" (1) or "effective in or looking toward the future" (2)?
"future employment opportunities" -> opportunities that are prospective.
"future cancer treatment" -> treatment that is yet to be or coming.
Actually, "future" as in "future cancer treatment" is more like "yet to be or coming".
Let's see: "future cancer treatment" -> treatment that will exist in the future.
"some future historian" -> historian in the future.
"future employment opportunities" -> opportunities that are prospective.
Is "future" in "future cancer treatment" sense 1 or 2?
"future" modifying a noun like "treatment" or "historian" is usually sense 1.
Let's check the examples. "some future historian" (sense 1). "future employment opportunities" (sense 2).
"future cancer treatment" is like "future historian" (a historian in the future) or "future employment opportunities" (opportunities that are prospective)?
Actually, "future" in "future cancer treatment" means "yet to be or coming".
Let's consider "future" as an adjective.
Sense 1: yet to be or coming.
Sense 2: effective in or looking toward the future.
"future cancer treatment" -> treatment that is yet to be or coming.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "future cancer treatment and prevention".
Is it "yet to be or coming"? Yes.
Let's check if there's any other nuance. "future" as in "future plans" is prospective.
But "future cancer treatment" is treatment that will happen in the future.
I'll go with 1.
Let's double check.
"future" (adj)
1. yet to be or coming: "some future historian will evaluate him"
2. effective in or looking toward the future: "he was preparing for future employment opportunities"
"future cancer treatment" -> treatment that is yet to be or coming.
I will output 1.
Wait, "future" in "future cancer treatment" could be 1.
Let's think if 1 is better than 2.
"future historian" = historian in the future.
"future cancer treatment" = cancer treatment in the future.
Yes, 1 is the best fit.
Another example: "future generations" -> sense 1.
"future cancer treatment" -> sense 1.
I will output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context.
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention. That is for the future."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

The context clearly refers to the medical condition, "chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer", "cancer treatment and prevention".
This matches sense 1.

I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer <t>treatment</t> and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "treatment" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."
The context is about medical procedures or applications intended to relieve illness (cancer).
Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention.
Sense 2: the management of someone or something.
Sense 3: a manner of dealing with something artistically.
Sense 4: an extended communication dealing with some particular topic.

The context clearly refers to medical treatment for cancer.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the <t>future</t>. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "future" in the context: "That is for the <t>future</t>."
The context talks about an emerging understanding of genes expected to produce new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. "That is for the future."
This refers to the time yet to come.
Sense 1: the time yet to come (hereafter, futurity, time to come).
Sense 2: a verb tense.
Sense 3: bulk commodities.

Clearly, Sense 1 is the correct one.
Context: "That is for the future." -> the time yet to come.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "developing" in the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The scientists are creating or making new tests.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation. Examples: Her company developed a new kind of building material... They developed a new technique.
2. work out. Examples: We have developed a new theory of evolution.
3. gain through experience.
4. come to have or undergo a change of.
5. come into existence.
6. change the use of and make available or usable.
7. elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses.
8. create by training and teaching.
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded.
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve.
11. become technologically advanced.
12. cause to grow and differentiate.
13. generate gradually.
14. grow emotionally or mature.
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". Scientists are developing (making new) tests based on newly identified genes.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2. Sense 1 is "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". Tests are a product.
Sense 1 examples: "Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique".
"developing tests" -> making a new product/technique.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
Yes, this is exactly it.
Context: "scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes"
This is making a new product (tests).
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "based" (lemma: base).
Context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The phrase is "tests based on the newly identified genes".
This means the tests use the newly identified genes as a basis or foundation.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Sense 1 matches perfectly: "use as a basis for; found on". "tests based on the newly identified genes" = tests founded on the newly identified genes.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: identify
Target surface form: identified
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=identify%2:31:00:: | definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | synonyms=place | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
2. sense_key=identify%2:32:00:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=name | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=identify%2:31:04:: | definition=consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else | examples=He identified with the refugees
4. sense_key=identify%2:31:03:: | definition=conceive of as united or associated | examples=Sex activity is closely identified with the hypothalamus
5. sense_key=identify%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name
6. sense_key=identify%2:31:02:: | definition=consider to be equal or the same | examples=He identified his brother as one of the fugitives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "identified" in the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The context is about scientists discovering and recognizing specific genes.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something (synonyms: place)
2. give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property (synonyms: name)
3. consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else
4. conceive of as united or associated
5. identify as in botany or biology, for example (synonyms: discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name)
6. consider to be equal or the same

Wait, "newly identified genes" means they have discovered or recognized these genes.
Sense 5: "identify as in botany or biology, for example" - synonyms: discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name.
Sense 1: "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something"
Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of"

Let's read the context again: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists say the discovery of these genes... newly identified genes".
"uncover", "discovery".
Sense 5 has "discover" as a synonym. "identify as in botany or biology, for example".
Is it sense 5?
Let's check the examples for sense 5: none given, but synonyms are "discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name".
Wait, sense 1: "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something".
Sense 5 is specifically "identify as in botany or biology, for example". The context is about genes, which is biology.
Let's consider "newly identified genes".
Is it sense 5? "identify as in botany or biology, for example"
Let's check WordNet for "identify".
Sense 1: recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something. "She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster"
Sense 5: identify as in botany or biology, for example. "discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name"
In biology, identifying a gene means discovering it, distinguishing it, describing it.
"newly identified genes" -> newly discovered genes.
Let's look at sense 5: "identify as in botany or biology, for example".
Is there a better fit?
"uncover a handful of genes" -> "discovery of these genes" -> "newly identified genes".
"identify" here means to discover or distinguish in a biological context.
Let's check sense 5 again. "identify as in botany or biology, for example".
Yes, "genes" are biological entities.
Let's consider sense 1: "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something".
But sense 5 explicitly mentions biology and has "discover" as a synonym, which perfectly matches "uncover" and "discovery" in the text.
"Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... discovery of these genes... newly identified genes"
Therefore, sense 5 is the most appropriate.

Let's double check.
"identify" in biology: to determine the taxonomic or biological identity of.
Synonyms: discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name.
This fits "newly identified genes" perfectly.
I will choose sense 5.
Wait, let's review sense 1 vs sense 5.
Sense 1: recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something.
Sense 5: identify as in botany or biology, for example.
The text says "newly identified genes". This is a biological context. "discover" is a synonym for sense 5.
I'll go with 5.
Let's re-read the context. "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... discovery of these genes... newly identified genes".
Yes, sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The phrase is "for the first time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

"for the first time" means preceding all others in time.
Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (1st).
Sense 1 fits "first time" perfectly. "the first day of spring" is similar to "the first time".
Let's double check. "first time" -> preceding all others in time.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. preceding all others in time or space or degree
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series
"for the first time" -> time.
So sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the POS. "first" in "for the first time" is an adjective modifying "time".
Sense 1 is first%3:00:00:: (adjective).
Sense 2 is first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 (adjective).
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The phrase is "for the first time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

"for the first time" refers to an instance or single occasion for some event.
Sense 1: "an instance or single occasion for some event" -> "this time he succeeded; he called four times". "for the first time" fits perfectly here.
Let's double check.
"for the first time" -> instance or single occasion.
Sense 1 is the best match.
Sense 1: time%1:11:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: otherwise
Target surface form: otherwise
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an <t>otherwise</t> healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:01:: | definition=in other respects or ways | examples=he is otherwise normal; the funds are not otherwise available
2. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:03:: | definition=in another and different manner | synonyms=differently, other than | examples=very soon you will know differently; she thought otherwise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "otherwise".
Context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
"otherwise healthy" means healthy in other respects or ways (except for the genetic predisposition to cancer).
Sense 1: in other respects or ways (he is otherwise normal; the funds are not otherwise available)
Sense 2: in another and different manner (differently, other than)

"otherwise healthy" matches "in other respects or ways" (Sense 1).
Let's double check.
"otherwise healthy" -> healthy in other respects.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "healthy" in the context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The context refers to an individual who is free from disease or infirmity.
Sense 1: having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease. Examples: a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy.
Sense 2: financially secure and functioning well.
Sense 3: promoting health; healthful.
Sense 4: exercising or showing good judgment.
Sense 5: large in amount or extent or degree.

The context clearly refers to an individual's physical health, free from disease.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "individual".
Context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

In the context, "an otherwise healthy individual" refers to a human being (a person).
Sense 1 is "a human being".
Sense 2 is "a single organism".
While a human is an organism, "individual" in the context of "healthy individual" and "cancer treatment and prevention" clearly refers to a human being (person).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "healthy individual" -> healthy person.
Sense 1: a human being.
Sense 2: a single organism.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "likely" in the context: "...can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The word "likely" here is used as an adjective (or predicative adjective) meaning "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

In the context, "is likely to get cancer" matches the example "she is likely to forget" and "these services are likely to be available". This is sense 1.
Sense 1 is predicative: "is likely to [verb]".
Sense 2 is attributive or predicative but means "probable" (a likely result).
Sense 3 is prospective (potential clients).
Sense 4 is credible (a likely excuse).

"is likely to get cancer" -> has a good chance of being the case or of coming about.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"is likely to get cancer" -> "likely" modifies the infinitive phrase "to get cancer", meaning there is a good chance of it coming about.
Sense 1: "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about"
Examples: "these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget"
This perfectly matches "is likely to get cancer".
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer."
The target word is "get".
The phrase is "get cancer".
This means to be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness.
Let's check the candidate senses.
Sense 13: sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
This perfectly matches "get cancer".
Let's double check.
"get cancer" -> contract cancer, fall victim to cancer.
Sense 13 is the best fit.
Other possibilities:
Sense 35: undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) - synonyms: suffer, sustain, have. Examples: She suffered a fracture...
But Sense 13 specifically mentions "be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness" and the example "He got AIDS" is very similar to "get cancer".
Therefore, Sense 13 is the most accurate.
Let's review the format: {"sense_index": 13}.
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get <t>cancer</t>. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get <t>cancer</t>. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."

The context clearly refers to the disease, malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
Sense 1: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream.
Sense 2: astrology
Sense 3: constellation
Sense 4: zodiac sign
Sense 5: genus Cancer

The best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set
Target surface form: set
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books; a set of golf clubs
2. sense_key=set%1:14:02:: | definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. sense_key=set%1:04:00:: | definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | synonyms=exercise set | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. sense_key=set%1:06:00:: | definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | synonyms=stage set | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. sense_key=set%1:14:01:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=circle, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
6. sense_key=set%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | synonyms=bent | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. sense_key=set%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. sense_key=set%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. sense_key=set%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | synonyms=hardening, solidifying, solidification, curing | examples=the hardening of concrete; he tested the set of the glue
10. sense_key=set%1:18:00:: | definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris | synonyms=Seth
11. sense_key=set%1:11:00:: | definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. sense_key=set%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | synonyms=readiness | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution; his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set
13. sense_key=set%1:06:01:: | definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "set" in the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein...
The phrase is "set of discoveries".
This means a group of things of the same kind that belong together.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books; a set of golf clubs
This perfectly matches "a set of discoveries".

Let's double check.
"set of discoveries" -> a group of things of the same kind that belong together.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 2 is math.
Sense 3 is exercises.
Sense 4 is stage set.
Sense 5 is association of people.
Sense 6 is inclination.
Sense 7 is act of putting in position.
Sense 8 is tennis.
Sense 9 is hardening.
Sense 10 is Egyptian god.
Sense 11 is descent of heavenly body.
Sense 12 is psychology readiness.
Sense 13 is electronic equipment.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output this.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "discoveries" in the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."
The context talks about finding genes, which are things that are discovered.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. discovery%1:04:00:: the act of discovering something (find, uncovering)
2. discovery%1:10:00:: something that is discovered
3. discovery%1:09:00:: a productive insight (breakthrough, find)
4. discovery%1:10:01:: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

In the context, "a super-exciting set of discoveries" refers to the genes that have been found, or the findings themselves. "Something that is discovered" fits perfectly. The genes are the discoveries.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes... Scientists say the discovery of these genes... It's a super-exciting set of discoveries..."
The discoveries are the genes themselves, or the findings. "Something that is discovered" (sense 2) is the best fit.
Let's check sense 2: "something that is discovered".
Is it sense 2 or sense 3? "a productive insight" vs "something that is discovered". The genes are the discoveries. "found a gene" -> the gene is the discovery.
Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check. "set of discoveries" = set of things discovered.
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.
The context is a direct quote being attributed to Bert Vogelstein.
Sense 1: express in words (state, tell) - "He said that he wanted to marry her"
Sense 2: report or maintain (allege, aver)
Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
Sense 8: utter aloud
Sense 1: "express in words" fits "says" in the context of attributing a quote.
Wait, let's look at the options.
1. express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
Is there a better fit?
"says" here is used to attribute a statement. "express in words" is the most general and fits "says [quote]".
Let's check sense 1.
"express in words"
Synonyms: state, tell.
Examples: He said that he wanted to marry her.
In the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein...
This is expressing in words.
Let's consider sense 1.
Wait, is there a sense for "attribute a quote"? No, sense 1 is the standard "say" for expressing in words.
Let's double check sense 1.
Yes, "express in words" is the best fit.
Let's review the other senses:
2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - not quite, it's a direct quote, not an allegation.
3. express a supposition - no.
4. have or contain a certain wording - no.
5. give instructions - no.
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way - no.
7. communicate or express nonverbally - no.
8. utter aloud - maybe, but "express in words" is more standard for reporting speech.
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - "I say let's forget this whole business" - not quite.
10. recite or repeat a fixed text - no.
11. indicate - no.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's confirm sense 1.
"express in words"
Yes.
Context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein...
This is a standard reporting verb. Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."
The target word is "found" (lemma: find).
The context talks about a researcher discovering or making a new finding of a gene.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose
8. make a discovery, make a new finding (synonyms: discover, examples: Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle)
9. make a discovery (She found that he had lied to her)
10. obtain through effort or management
11. decide on and make a declaration about
12. receive a specified treatment
13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place
14. get or find back; recover the use of
15. succeed in reaching; arrive at
16. accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with examples "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle". This perfectly matches "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer".
Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe, discover, notice).
Sense 8 is specifically "make a discovery, make a new finding" which fits "found a gene" (like finding a new elementary particle).
Let's check the examples for sense 8: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle". This is very similar to "found a gene".
Therefore, sense 8 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 8 vs sense 2.
Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding.
Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of.
"found a gene" is making a new finding, discovering a gene.
Sense 8 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the exact text: "who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."
This is a scientific discovery. Sense 8 fits perfectly.
"make a discovery, make a new finding" -> "found a gene".
I will output 8.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: Only
Context:
Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "<t>Only</t> a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level. Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Only" in the context: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."
The phrase "Only a decade ago" means "as recently as a decade ago".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. and nothing more (merely, simply, just, but)
2. without any others being included or involved (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone)
3. with nevertheless the final result
4. in the final outcome
5. except that
6. never except when
7. as recently as (I spoke to him only an hour ago)

"Only a decade ago" matches sense 7: "as recently as".
Let's double check. "Only a decade ago" -> "as recently as a decade ago".
Yes, sense 7 is the best fit.
Sense 7: sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
Context: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box..."
This perfectly matches "as recently as".
I will output {"sense_index": 7}.