[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: situation
Target surface form: situation
Context:
Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic <t>situation</t>", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=situation%1:26:00:: | definition=the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; ; ; - Franklin D.Roosevelt | synonyms=state of affairs | examples=the present international situation is dangerous; wondered how such a state of affairs had come about
2. sense_key=situation%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=position | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
3. sense_key=situation%1:26:02:: | definition=a complex or critical or unusual difficulty | examples=the dangerous situation developed suddenly; that's quite a situation
4. sense_key=situation%1:15:00:: | definition=physical position in relation to the surroundings | synonyms=site | examples=the sites are determined by highly specific sequences of nucleotides
5. sense_key=situation%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "situation" in the context: "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation".
The phrase is "economic situation".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time (state of affairs)
2. a condition or position in which you find yourself (position)
3. a complex or critical or unusual difficulty
4. physical position in relation to the surroundings (site)
5. a job in an organization (position, post)

"economic situation" refers to the general state of things, the combination of circumstances at a given time (the state of the economy).
Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time".
Synonyms: state of affairs.
Example: "the present international situation is dangerous" -> "the economic situation".

Let's check sense 1.
"the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time"
Yes, "economic situation" means the state of the economy.

Let's double check.
"puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation"
This is the general state of things (the economy).
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 2 is more personal ("in which you find yourself").
Sense 3 is a difficulty.
Sense 4 is physical position.
Sense 5 is a job.

Therefore, sense 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology <t>securities</t> have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "securities" in the context of "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen."
The context is about financial markets, trading volumes, economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence, indices, dollar, bond market.
"Securities" here refers to financial instruments like stocks or bonds.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. state of being free from danger
2. defense against financial failure
3. freedom from anxiety
4. a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. property that your creditor can claim in case you default
6. a department responsible for security
7. a guarantee that an obligation will be met
8. an electrical device
9. measures taken as a precaution

Sense 4 matches perfectly: "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends". The example is "he held several valuable securities".
The context mentions "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen." This clearly refers to financial securities (stocks, bonds).

Therefore, sense 4 is the correct one.
Let's double check.
Sense 4: security%1:21:04::
Definition: a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends
Synonyms: certificate
Examples: he held several valuable securities

Yes, this is the exact sense of "securities" in the financial market context.
I will return {"sense_index": 4}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ground
Target surface form: ground
Context:
It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some <t>ground</t>. The bond market has fallen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ground%1:17:00:: | definition=the solid part of the earth's surface | synonyms=land, dry land, earth, solid ground, terra firma | examples=the plane turned away from the sea and moved back over land; the earth shook for several minutes
2. sense_key=ground%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=reason | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
3. sense_key=ground%1:27:00:: | definition=the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface | synonyms=earth | examples=they dug into the earth outside the church
4. sense_key=ground%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, basis | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
5. sense_key=ground%1:15:00:: | definition=a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) | examples=they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground
6. sense_key=ground%1:09:00:: | definition=the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground | synonyms=background | examples=he posed her against a background of rolling hills
7. sense_key=ground%1:17:01:: | definition=material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow (especially with reference to its quality or use) | synonyms=land, soil | examples=the land had never been plowed; good agricultural soil
8. sense_key=ground%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
9. sense_key=ground%1:06:02:: | definition=a connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body, such as the earth (which is taken to be at zero voltage) | synonyms=earth
10. sense_key=ground%1:06:01:: | definition=(art) the surface (as a wall or canvas) prepared to take the paint for a painting
11. sense_key=ground%1:06:00:: | definition=the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface | synonyms=flat coat, primer, priming, primer coat, priming coat, undercoat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ground" in the context: "Technology securities have thereby lost some ground."
The phrase "lost some ground" means to lose a position, to retreat, or to lose an advantage.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. solid part of the earth's surface
2. rational motive
3. loose soft material
4. relation that provides the foundation
5. a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle) - "they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground"
6. part of a scene behind objects
7. material in the top layer of the surface of the earth
8. relatively homogeneous percept
9. connection between an electrical device and a large conducting body
10. surface prepared to take paint
11. first or preliminary coat of paint

Sense 5 matches "lost some ground" perfectly, as it refers to a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle), which is used metaphorically in financial contexts (e.g., losing ground, gaining ground).
The example for sense 5 is "they fought to regain the lost ground", which is very similar to "lost some ground".

Therefore, sense 5 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Technology securities have thereby lost some ground." -> lost some position/advantage.
Sense 5: "a position to be won or defended in battle (or as if in battle)"
Examples: "they gained ground step by step; they fought to regain the lost ground"
This is exactly the idiom "lose ground".

I will output {"sense_index": 5}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year <t>bond</t> yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about financial markets: "The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
The target word is "bond" in "Treasury 10-year bond yields".
This refers to a certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation.
Sense 2: "a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal"
Synonyms: bond certificate.
This perfectly matches the context of "Treasury 10-year bond yields".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.
Checking other senses:
1. chemical bond
3. kinship/marriage
4. bail bond
5. restraint
6. connection
7. bond paper
8. Julian Bond
9. James Bond
10. adhesiveness

Sense 2 is the correct one.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond <t>yields</t> have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "yields" in the context of "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
The context is about financial returns, specifically bond yields (percentages like 3.540%).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. yield%1:04:00:: - production of a certain amount (output)
2. yield%1:21:00:: - the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property (return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff). Example: "the average return was about 5%". This perfectly matches "bond yields have grown to 3.540%".
3. yield%1:06:00:: - an amount of a product (fruit)
4. yield%1:23:00:: - the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (output, production)

Sense 2 is the best fit because it refers to financial return or profit, which matches the context of bond yields expressed as percentages.

Let's double check.
"Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540%"
Sense 2: "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property" -> synonyms: return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff. Example: "the average return was about 5%".
This is exactly the financial sense of "yield".

Therefore, sense_index is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday <t>evening</t>, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "evening" in the context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
The context refers to a specific time of day, "Tuesday evening", which is the latter part of the day.
Sense 1: the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall).
Sense 2: a later concluding time period (e.g., evening of the Roman Empire).
Sense 3: the early part of night spent in a special way (e.g., an evening at the opera).

"Tuesday evening" clearly refers to the time of day, the latter part of the day.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "Tuesday evening" -> time of day.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bond
Target surface form: bond
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year <t>bond</t> yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bond%1:19:00:: | definition=an electrical force linking atoms | synonyms=chemical bond
2. sense_key=bond%1:21:02:: | definition=a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal | synonyms=bond certificate
3. sense_key=bond%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection based on kinship or marriage or common interest | synonyms=alliance | examples=the shifting alliances within a large family; their friendship constitutes a powerful bond between them
4. sense_key=bond%1:21:03:: | definition=(criminal law) money that must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial | synonyms=bail, bail bond | examples=the judge set bail at $10,000; a $10,000 bond was furnished by an alderman
5. sense_key=bond%1:06:00:: | definition=a restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner) | synonyms=shackle, hamper, trammel
6. sense_key=bond%1:06:01:: | definition=a connection that fastens things together | synonyms=attachment
7. sense_key=bond%1:27:00:: | definition=a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents | synonyms=bond paper
8. sense_key=bond%1:18:00:: | definition=United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940) | synonyms=Julian Bond
9. sense_key=bond%1:18:01:: | definition=British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming | synonyms=James Bond
10. sense_key=bond%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of sticking together (as of glue and wood) or the joining of surfaces of different composition | synonyms=adhesiveness, adhesion, adherence | examples=the mutual adhesiveness of cells; a heated hydraulic press was required for adhesion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bond" in the context of "30-year bond yields are at 4.497%".
The context is about financial markets, retail sales, consumer confidence, dollar, technology securities, bond market, Treasury 10-year bond yields, 30-year bond yields.
Sense 2: "a certificate of debt (usually interest-bearing or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the issuer is required to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the principal" synonyms=bond certificate.
This perfectly matches "Treasury 10-year bond yields" and "30-year bond yields".
Therefore, the best sense is 2.
Checking the other senses:
1. chemical bond
3. kinship/marriage
4. bail bond
5. restraint
6. connection
7. bond paper
8. Julian Bond
9. James Bond
10. adhesiveness

Sense 2 is the correct one.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "yields" in the context of "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540%... and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497%".
The context is about financial returns, specifically the income or profit arising from bonds.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. yield%1:04:00:: - production of a certain amount (output)
2. yield%1:21:00:: - the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property (return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff) - example: the average return was about 5%
3. yield%1:06:00:: - an amount of a product (fruit)
4. yield%1:23:00:: - the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (output, production)

In finance, "bond yields" refers to the return or income/profit from the bond. Sense 2 fits perfectly, as it mentions "income or profit arising from such transactions" and the example "the average return was about 5%" matches the context of "3.540%" and "4.497%".

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Double check:
"Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540%" -> this is a financial return.
Sense 2: "the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property" -> synonyms: return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff.
Matches perfectly.
Return format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "evening" in the context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."
The context refers to a specific time of day, "Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening".
Sense 1: the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall).
Sense 2: a later concluding time period (e.g., evening of the Roman Empire).
Sense 3: the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way (e.g., an evening at the opera).

The context is about financial data on a specific day, "Tuesday evening". This matches Sense 1, the latter part of the day.
Let's double check. "Tuesday evening" refers to the time of day.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "deals" in the context: "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday."
The context talks about reaching agreements with foreign oil companies.
Sense 1: a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal)
Sense 2: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain)
Sense 3: a large number or amount or extent
Sense 4: a plank of softwood
Sense 5: wood that is easy to saw
Sense 6: the cards held in a card game
Sense 7: the type of treatment received
Sense 8: the act of distributing playing cards
Sense 9: the act of apportioning or distributing something

"reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" -> an agreement between parties fixing obligations of each.
Wait, "reaches deals" -> "reaches agreements".
Let's check Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". Synonyms: bargain. Examples: he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals.
Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling". Synonyms: trade, business deal. Examples: it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him.
"reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" -> "reaches agreements".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"reaches deals" -> "reaches agreements".
"deal" as an agreement between parties.
Let's see: "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies"
Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each"
Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling"
In WordNet, "deal" as an agreement is sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::).
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals".
"reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" -> agreements.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling".
"reaches deals" -> "reaches agreements".
I'll go with 2.
Let's double check. "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" -> "agreement between parties".
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "concerns" in the context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
The context talks about "concerns about violence and political instability". This implies anxiety, worry, or apprehension about these negative factors.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. something that interests you because it is important or affects you (e.g., safety of the ship is the captain's concern)
2. an anxious feeling (synonyms: care, fear)
3. a feeling of sympathy for someone or something
4. something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness (synonyms: worry, headache, vexation)
5. a commercial or industrial enterprise

Wait, "concerns about violence" - is it an anxious feeling (2) or something that causes anxiety (4)?
"concerns about violence" -> "concerns" here refers to the anxious feelings or worries themselves.
Let's check the examples for 4: "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry". Here "concern" is the thing causing anxiety.
In the context, "concerns about violence" means "worries about violence".
Is "concern" the feeling or the source? "concerns about violence" -> worries about violence.
Wait, "concern" as "an anxious feeling" (sense 2) or "something that causes anxiety" (sense 4)?
Let's look at sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness". Synonyms: worry, headache, vexation.
Sense 2: "an anxious feeling". Synonyms: care, fear.
"concerns about violence" -> "worries about violence". "Worry" can be both the feeling and the source.
But "concerns" in plural often means "worries" or "anxieties" (feelings).
Let's re-read sense 4: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness". Example: "New York traffic is a constant concern".
In the context: "Despite concerns about violence..." -> "Despite worries about violence..."
Is "concerns" the feeling or the source? "concerns" = worries.
Let's check WordNet for "concern".
concern%1:12:01:: "an anxious feeling" (care, fear)
concern%1:09:01:: "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" (worry, headache, vexation)
If I say "I have concerns about X", X is the source, and "concerns" are the feelings of anxiety/worry.
Wait, "concerns" can be "worries" (feelings). "They hushed it up out of fear of public reaction" (fear is a feeling).
Let's consider "concerns about violence". Violence is the source. The concerns are the feelings of anxiety.
Wait, "concern" as "an anxious feeling" (sense 2) vs "something that causes anxiety" (sense 4).
If "concerns" = "worries", and "worry" is a synonym for sense 4.
But "worry" is also a feeling.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: care, fear.
Synonyms for sense 4: worry, headache, vexation.
"concerns about violence" -> "worries about violence".
Is "concern" in "concerns about violence" the feeling or the source?
"Despite concerns about violence" -> "Despite worries about violence".
In WordNet, "concern" meaning "an anxious feeling" is sense 2.
"concern" meaning "something that causes anxiety" is sense 4.
If I say "My main concern is the cost", cost is the source, concern is the feeling? Or is concern the source? "The cost is a concern" -> cost is the source.
"concerns about violence" -> "worries about violence".
Let's search for "concerns about" in WordNet or similar datasets.
Usually, "concerns" as in "public concerns" or "concerns about X" maps to "an anxious feeling" or "worry".
Wait, sense 4 is "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness". Example: "New York traffic is a constant concern". Here, traffic is the concern.
In "concerns about violence", violence is the source, concerns are the feelings. So it should be sense 2: "an anxious feeling".
Let's check sense 2 examples: "care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction".
Wait, "concerns" in plural: "Despite concerns about violence..."
Could it be sense 4? "something or someone that causes anxiety". No, violence causes anxiety. The concerns are the anxieties themselves.
Let's consider "concern" as "worry". "Worry" is a synonym for sense 4. But "worry" can also be a feeling.
Let's look at sense 2: "an anxious feeling". Synonyms: care, fear.
Is "concern" in "concerns about violence" an anxious feeling? Yes.
Let's look at another example: "There are concerns about the economy." -> anxious feelings.
What if "concerns" means "matters of interest or importance"? Sense 1: "something that interests you because it is important or affects you". Example: "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern".
"Despite concerns about violence..." -> "Despite worries about violence..."
I think sense 2 is the best fit for "anxious feeling".
Wait, let's look at sense 4 again. "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness". Synonyms: worry, headache, vexation.
If "concerns" = "worries", and "worry" is listed under sense 4.
But "worry" is also a feeling.
Let's check the exact WordNet entry for concern.
1. concern, interest, regard - (something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern")
2. concern, fear, care - (an anxious feeling; "care had aged him"; "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction")
3. concern - (a feeling of sympathy for someone or something; "She felt strong concern for those less fortunate")
4. concern, worry, headache, vexation - (something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness; "New York traffic is a constant concern"; "it's a major worry")
5. concern, business, business concern, business organization, business organisation - (a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it; "he bought his brother's business"; "a small mom-and-pop business")

In "concerns about violence", is "concerns" the feeling or the source?
"concerns" = worries. "Worries" are feelings.
But wait, if I say "I have concerns", the concerns are the things I am worried about? No, "I have concerns" means I have feelings of worry.
However, sometimes "concerns" refers to the issues themselves. "The committee addressed several concerns." Here, concerns = issues that cause anxiety (sense 4).
"Despite concerns about violence..." -> "Despite worries about violence..."
Is "concerns" the feeling or the issue?
"concerns about violence" -> the feeling of anxiety regarding violence.
Let's choose sense 2: "an anxious feeling".
Wait, could it be sense 4? "something or someone that causes anxiety". If "concerns" = "issues that cause anxiety", then sense 4.
But "concerns about violence" -> the concerns are the anxieties. Violence is the cause.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: care, fear.
Synonyms for sense 4: worry, headache, vexation.
"concerns" is plural. "fears" is plural. "cares" is plural.
"worries" is plural.
"Despite worries about violence" -> worries = anxious feelings.
I will go with sense 2.
Let's reconsider sense 4. "New York traffic is a constant concern". Here, concern = traffic (the source).
"Violence is a constant concern". Here, concern = violence (the source).
But the text says "concerns about violence". This means the concerns are *about* violence, so violence is the source, and the concerns are the feelings.
Therefore, sense 2 is the most accurate.
Let's double check. "concerns about violence" -> anxious feelings about violence.
Yes, sense 2.
Wait, let's search for "concerns about" in SemCor or similar.
"concerns about" often maps to "anxious feeling" (sense 2) or "worry" (which might be sense 4 if it's the source, but here it's the feeling).
Actually, in WordNet, "worry" as a feeling is under "worry%1:12:00::" (an anxious feeling). But "worry" as a source is "worry%1:09:00::" (something that causes anxiety).
The synonym list for sense 4 is "worry, headache, vexation".
The synonym list for sense 2 is "care, fear".
If "concerns" is synonymous with "worries" (feelings), it might be sense 2.
Let's choose sense 2.
Wait, let's read sense 2 again: "an anxious feeling".
"Despite concerns about violence" -> "Despite anxious feelings about violence". This makes perfect sense.
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "violence" in the context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday."
The context refers to a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction, specifically in a country (Iraq) that has been crippled by decades of war and sanctions.
Sense 1: an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)
Sense 2: the property of being wild or turbulent (e.g., storm's violence)
Sense 3: a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Sense 3 fits best because it refers to a general state of violence, injuries, and destruction in a country, rather than a single act of aggression or the wildness of a storm.
Let's double check.
"concerns about violence and political instability" -> a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.
Yes, sense 3 is the most appropriate.
Sense 3: violence%1:26:00::
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "instability" in the context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."
The context refers to "political instability", which means an unstable order or state of political affairs.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

"political instability" refers to an unstable order (sense 1).
Let's check sense 1: "an unstable order". This fits "political instability" perfectly, as it refers to the state of the political system being unstable.
Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" - usually applies to people or things that are irresolute.
Sense 1 is the best fit for "political instability".

Let's double check.
"political instability" -> an unstable order.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, let's review WordNet for "instability".
instability n.
1. an unstable order
2. unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium
4. the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute

"political instability" is an unstable order.
I will choose 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "government" in the context: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure..."
The context refers to the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit (Iraq).
Sense 1: "the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit" (synonyms: authorities, regime). Example: "the government reduced taxes". This perfectly matches "the Iraqi government managed to attract...".
Sense 2: "the act of governing; exercising authority".
Sense 3: "the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed".
Sense 4: "the study of government of states and other political units".

The Iraqi government is an organization/authority. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies" -> the organization.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "auctions" in the context of the Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies during two auctions.
The context is about selling or awarding contracts to the highest bidder (or through a bidding process).
Sense 1: auction bridge (a variety of bridge).
Sense 2: the public sale of something to the highest bidder (auction sale, vendue).
The context clearly refers to the public sale or bidding process for oil contracts.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "deals" in the context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
The context talks about agreements or contracts reached between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal)
2. an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain)
3. a large number or amount or extent
4. a plank of softwood
5. wood that is easy to saw
6. the cards held in a card game
7. the type of treatment received
8. the act of distributing playing cards
9. the act of apportioning or distributing something

Wait, "reached deals with" -> "reached an agreement".
Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" - synonyms: bargain. Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals".
Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling" - synonyms: trade, business deal. Examples: "it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him".

Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"reached deals with 10 foreign oil companies" -> "reached an agreement".
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals".
"reached deals" is very close to "reached an agreement".
Wait, sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling".
Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".
In the context, "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies..."
"reached deals" -> "reached agreements".
Let's consider "deal" as an agreement.
"reached deals" -> "reached agreements".
Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".
Let's see: "reached deals" is a collocation for "reached agreements".
Is it sense 1 or 2?
"deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies"
"reached a deal" is a common phrase for "reached an agreement".
Sense 2 definition: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".
Synonyms: bargain.
Let's check sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling".
The context says "reached deals with 10 foreign oil companies". This is an agreement.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "reached deals with 10 foreign oil companies".
Could it be sense 1? "a particular instance of buying or selling".
"deals" in business are often sense 1 or sense 2.
But "reached deals" strongly aligns with "reached an agreement" (sense 2).
Let's check WordNet for "deal".
deal%1:10:00:: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each"
deal%1:04:02:: "a particular instance of buying or selling"
"reached deals" -> "reached agreements".
I'll go with 2.
Let's double check. "reached deals" -> "reached agreements".
Yes, sense 2.
Wait, "reached deals" is exactly "reached agreements".
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "China".
Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
The context refers to the country of China, specifically the People's Republic of China, as a nation with oil firms.
Sense 1: a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world. Synonyms: People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay.
Sense 2: high quality porcelain originally made only in China.
Sense 3: a government on the island of Taiwan...
Sense 4: dishware made of high quality porcelain.

The context clearly refers to the country (Sense 1).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: russia
Target surface form: Russia
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: | definition=a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 | synonyms=Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: | definition=formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | synonyms=Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: | definition=a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: | definition=a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state | synonyms=Russian Federation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Russia".
Context: "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
The context refers to the modern country of Russia, which is an independent state since 1991, a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia.
Candidate senses:
1. Soviet Union (former communist country, dissolved 1991)
2. Soviet Russia (formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic)
3. Russian Empire (former empire, overthrown in 1917)
4. Russian Federation (a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state)

The context is about modern foreign oil companies, so it refers to the modern state of Russia (Russian Federation).
Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.
Double check: "China, Russia and European oil firms" -> modern Russia.
Sense 4: "a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state"
Matches perfectly.
Return {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "oil" in the context of "European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry".
The context is about the Iraqi Oil Ministry, foreign oil companies, and the oil industry.
This refers to petroleum, crude oil, fossil oil.
Sense 3: "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil.
This perfectly matches the context of "oil industry", "oil companies", "oil fields".
Therefore, the best sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "role" in the context: "...suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry..."
The phrase is "play a major role".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

In the context, "play a major role" means the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group (China, Russia, European oil firms).
Sense 1 fits best: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group". Synonyms: function, office, part. "play a major part" or "play a major function".
Wait, sense 1 is "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group".
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 4. Sense 4 is "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting". The context is about oil firms playing a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry. This is an expected activity or function.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate. "play a major role" -> "play a major part".
Let's double check.
"play a major role" -> function, part.
Sense 1: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
Yes, sense 1.
Let's review the options.
1. role%1:04:00::
2. role%1:09:00::
3. role%1:07:00::
4. role%1:04:01::

"play a major role" is a very common collocation for sense 1.
I will choose 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "decades" in the context: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
The context refers to a period of time, specifically multiple periods of 10 years.
Sense 1: a period of 10 years.
Sense 2: the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one.
Clearly, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: war
Target surface form: war
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=war%1:04:00:: | definition=the waging of armed conflict against an enemy | synonyms=warfare | examples=thousands of people were killed in the war
2. sense_key=war%1:26:00:: | definition=a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply | synonyms=state of war | examples=war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring
3. sense_key=war%1:04:02:: | definition=an active struggle between competing entities | synonyms=warfare | examples=a price war; a war of wits
4. sense_key=war%1:04:01:: | definition=a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious | examples=the war on poverty; the war against crime

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "war" in the context: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
The context refers to armed conflict in Iraq over decades.
Sense 1: the waging of armed conflict against an enemy (synonyms: warfare, examples: thousands of people were killed in the war).
Sense 2: a legal state created by a declaration of war...
Sense 3: an active struggle between competing entities (price war, war of wits).
Sense 4: a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious (war on poverty).

The context clearly refers to armed conflict (decades of war and sanctions in Iraq).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sanction
Target surface form: sanctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval | synonyms=countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur | examples=a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authority, authorization, authorisation | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization | examples=it had the sanction of the church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "sanctions" in the context: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
The context refers to economic or political sanctions imposed on Iraq.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. formal and explicit approval (countenance, endorsement)
2. a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. official permission or approval (authority, authorization)
4. the act of final authorization

Wait, none of these seem to perfectly match "economic sanctions" (which is usually sense 1:04:00 or something similar, but let's check the given candidates).
Wait, the candidates are:
1. sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval
2. sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval
4. sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization

Wait, "sanctions" in the context of "decades of war and sanctions" refers to punitive measures.
Is there a sense for punitive measures?
Let's re-read the candidates.
Wait, maybe "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards" is the closest? No, that's social control.
Let's check WordNet for "sanction".
sanction%1:04:00:: is "a penalty for disobeying a law or rule" (not listed here).
Wait, the candidates provided are:
1. sanction%1:10:00::
2. sanction%1:04:02::
3. sanction%1:07:00::
4. sanction%1:04:01::

Let's look at the candidates again.
Is there a sense for "penalty"?
Wait, the prompt says:
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization

Wait, if the context is "decades of war and sanctions", it means punitive sanctions.
But none of the definitions explicitly say "penalty".
Let's check WordNet 3.1 for "sanction".
sanction.n.01: a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
sanction.n.02: official permission or approval
sanction.n.03: the act of final authorization
sanction.n.04: a penalty for disobeying a law or rule
sanction.n.05: formal and explicit approval

Wait, the candidates are:
1. sanction%1:10:00:: (formal and explicit approval) -> n.05
2. sanction%1:04:02:: (a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards) -> n.01
3. sanction%1:07:00:: (official permission or approval) -> n.02
4. sanction%1:04:01:: (the act of final authorization) -> n.03

Wait, where is n.04?
Ah, maybe the prompt missed n.04, or maybe "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards" is the only one that can be stretched to mean punitive sanctions?
Let's re-read the candidates carefully.
Is it possible that "sanction" in WordNet has a different sense?
Let's search my internal knowledge for WordNet "sanction".
1. sanction, countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur (formal and explicit approval)
2. sanction (a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards)
3. sanction, authority, authorization, authorisation (official permission or approval)
4. sanction (the act of final authorization)
5. sanction (a penalty for disobeying a law or rule)

Wait, the prompt only gives 4 candidates.
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00::
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02::
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00::
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01::

If "penalty" is not an option, which one is the best?
Wait, if "sanctions" means punitive measures, maybe it's considered a "mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards" (international society's standards)?
Or maybe the prompt has a typo and one of the candidates is actually the penalty one?
Let's check the definition of sanction%1:04:02::
In WordNet, sanction.n.01 is "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards".
Is there any other sense?
What if the question implies that "sanctions" here is "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards"? International sanctions are a mechanism of social control for enforcing international society's standards.
Let's consider "sanction" as a penalty. If it's not listed, I must choose the closest.
Wait, let's look at the candidates again.
1. formal and explicit approval
2. a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. official permission or approval
4. the act of final authorization

None of these perfectly fit "economic sanctions" except maybe 2, as international sanctions are a mechanism of social control (by the UN, etc.) to enforce standards (e.g., non-proliferation, human rights).
Let's check if there is a sense "a penalty for disobeying a law or rule". If it's not in the candidates, I have to pick from the 4.
Wait, let's re-read the prompt's candidate 2: "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards".
Could "sanctions" in this context be mapped to this? Yes, international sanctions are a form of social control.
Let's consider if "sanction" can mean "penalty". Yes, but it's not in the list.
Is it possible that the prompt's candidate 2 is the intended answer for "sanctions" (plural, punitive)?
Let's search for "sanction" in WordNet.
Senses of sanction (noun):
1. a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
2. official permission or approval
3. the act of final authorization
4. a penalty for disobeying a law or rule
5. formal and explicit approval

Wait, the prompt lists:
1. sanction%1:10:00:: (formal and explicit approval) -> this is sense 5
2. sanction%1:04:02:: (a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards) -> this is sense 1
3. sanction%1:07:00:: (official permission or approval) -> this is sense 2
4. sanction%1:04:01:: (the act of final authorization) -> this is sense 3

Where is sense 4? It's missing from the candidates!
If sense 4 is missing, which of the 4 is the best?
Maybe "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards" is the best available, as international sanctions are exactly that: a mechanism of social control (by the international community) for enforcing a society's (international society's) standards.
Let's think if there's any other interpretation. "decades of war and sanctions". Sanctions here are punitive. Punitive sanctions are a mechanism of social control.
Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate among the choices.

Let's double check if "sanction%1:04:02::" is indeed sense 1.
Yes, "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards".
I will choose 2.
Wait, let me review if "sanction" can mean "penalty" and if I missed it. The prompt explicitly lists 4 candidates. I must choose from them.
Candidate 2 is the only one that is not about "approval" or "authorization". Sanctions in the context of Iraq are definitely not approvals or authorizations. They are punitive measures. Punitive measures are a mechanism of social control.
So 2 is the only logical choice.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.
Let's confirm:
1. approval (no)
2. mechanism of social control (yes, punitive sanctions fit this broadly)
3. permission (no)
4. final authorization (no)
Therefore, 2 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American <t>companies</t> walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "companies" in the context of "American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields."
The context is about "foreign oil companies", "major oil companies", "American companies".
These are institutions created to conduct business.
Sense 1: "an institution created to conduct business" (examples: he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage).
This perfectly matches the context of oil companies and American companies participating in auctions.
Therefore, the best sense is 1.