[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battery
Target surface form: battery
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a <t>battery</t> of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battery%1:14:02:: | definition=group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place
2. sense_key=battery%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series | synonyms=electric battery
3. sense_key=battery%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of related things intended for use together | examples=took a battery of achievement tests
4. sense_key=battery%1:14:03:: | definition=a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher
5. sense_key=battery%1:06:03:: | definition=a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores | synonyms=stamp battery
6. sense_key=battery%1:04:01:: | definition=the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target | synonyms=barrage, barrage fire, bombardment, shelling | examples=they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops; the shelling went on for hours without pausing
7. sense_key=battery%1:04:00:: | definition=an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact | synonyms=assault and battery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "battery" in the context: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The phrase is "a battery of".
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. group of guns or missile launchers
2. a device that produces electricity
3. a collection of related things intended for use together (examples: took a battery of achievement tests)
4. a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher
5. a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores
6. the heavy fire of artillery
7. an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact

The context uses "battery" to mean a collection of related things intended for use together (a battery of gene probes).
This matches sense 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developed
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly <t>developed</t> "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "developed" in the context: "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The context is about creating or making something new, specifically "gene probes" (a product or scientific tool).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation (Her company developed a new kind of building material... They developed a new technique)
2. work out (We have developed a new theory of evolution)
3. gain through experience
4. come to have or undergo a change of
5. come into existence
6. change the use of and make available or usable
7. elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
8. create by training and teaching
9. be gradually disclosed or unfolded
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve
11. become technologically advanced
12. cause to grow and differentiate
13. generate gradually
14. grow emotionally or mature
15. make visible by means of chemical solutions
16. superimpose a three-dimensional surface
17. move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions
18. move into a strategically more advantageous position
19. elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea
20. happen
21. expand in the form of a series

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". The "gene probes" are a new product/technique created by the scientific team.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2. Sense 1 is "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". "newly developed 'gene probes'" -> product/technique.
Sense 1 examples: "Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique". This matches "newly developed 'gene probes'".

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "newly developed 'gene probes'"
Sense 1: make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "genetic" in the context: "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The phrase is "genetic material".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. occurring among members of a family usually by heredity (familial, hereditary, inherited)
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene (genic, genetical) - examples: genic combinations; genetic code
3. pertaining to or referring to origin (genetic history)
4. of or relating to the science of genetics (genetic research)

"genetic material" refers to material that is produced by or is a gene, or relates to genes. DNA is genetic material.
Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene" fits "genetic material" perfectly, as it is material that is a gene or relates to genes.
Let's double check. "genetic material" = material relating to genes.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 2: "genetic code". "genetic material" is very similar to "genetic code" in this context.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.
Context: "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
Sense 2: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: material
Target surface form: material
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "material" in the context: "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The context refers to "genetic material", which is the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object (DNA, genes, etc.).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers
4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something
5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment

"genetic material" refers to the physical substance (DNA) that makes up genes. This matches sense 1: "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object".
Let's double check. "snippets of genetic material" -> physical substance.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presence
Target surface form: presence
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. sense_key=presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. sense_key=presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. sense_key=presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. sense_key=presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "presence" in the context: "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The context is about tracking whether a gene exists or is present in a cell.
Sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence" (e.g., he tested for the presence of radon). This perfectly matches "track a gene's presence in a cell" (testing for the existence of a gene).
Sense 2: "the immediate proximity of someone or something"
Sense 3: "an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby"
Sense 4: "the impression that something is present"
Sense 5: "dignified manner or conduct"
Sense 6: "the act of being present"

Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "track a gene's presence in a cell" -> testing for the current existence of a gene.
Sense 1: presence%1:26:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cell" in the context of biology/genetics: "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
The context mentions "molecular geneticist", "gene probes", "genetic material", "cells extracted from eye tumors".
This clearly refers to the biological cell.
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This matches perfectly.
Sense index is 2.
Double check:
1. small compartment (honeycomb)
2. biology cell
3. electric cell
4. political movement
5. cellular phone
6. monk's room
7. prison cell

The correct sense is 2.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyze
Target surface form: analyzing
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "analyzing" (lemma: analyze).
Context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context is about scientific/medical analysis, specifically breaking down or examining cells to find defects.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning (analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas) - examples: analyze a sonnet, analyze the evidence.
2. make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features (analyse, break down, dissect, take apart) - examples: analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence.
3. break down into components or essential features (analyse) - examples: analyze today's financial market.
4. subject to psychoanalytic treatment (analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse) - examples: I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist.

Wait, analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors. This is a chemical/biological analysis, breaking down into components or essential features, or making a chemical analysis.
Sense 2: "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" -> examples: analyze a specimen.
"cells extracted from eye tumors" is a specimen.
Let's check sense 2 vs sense 1.
Sense 1: consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning.
Sense 2: make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features.
"analyzing cells" -> analyzing a specimen. This fits sense 2 perfectly.
Let's double check.
"analyze a specimen" is the exact example for sense 2.
"cells extracted from eye tumors" is a biological specimen.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. analyze%2:31:00::
2. analyze%2:31:01::
3. analyze%2:31:04::
4. analyze%2:31:03::

Sense 2 is analyze%2:31:01::.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.
Wait, is "analyzing cells" considered "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features"? Yes, "analyze a specimen" is the example.
I am confident in 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cells" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context is clearly biological, referring to cells extracted from eye tumors, containing chromosomes.
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 2.
Double check:
1. small compartment
2. biology cell
3. electric cell
4. political movement
5. mobile phone
6. monk room
7. prison room

The correct sense is 2.
Format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extract
Target surface form: extracted
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: | definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: | definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: | definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: | definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: | definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: | definition=calculate the root of a number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extracted" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
The context is about removing cells from eye tumors.
Sense 1: remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense (pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out). Examples: pull weeds; extract a bad tooth.
Sense 2: get despite difficulties or obstacles.
Sense 3: deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning).
Sense 4: extract by the process of distillation.
Sense 5: separate (a metal) from an ore.
Sense 6: obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action.
Sense 7: take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy.
Sense 8: calculate the root of a number.

"cells extracted from eye tumors" means cells were removed or taken out from the tumors.
Sense 1 fits best: "remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense".
Let's double check.
"extracted from eye tumors" -> removed from eye tumors.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Sense 1: remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense.
Synonyms: pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out.
Examples: pull weeds; extract a bad tooth.
Yes, extracting cells from a tumor is removing them.
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "eye" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context refers to "eye tumors", which are tumors of the organ of sight.
Sense 1: the organ of sight (synonyms: oculus, optic).
Sense 2: good discernment.
Sense 3: attention to what is seen.
Sense 4: an area that is approximately central.
Sense 5: a small hole or loop.

"eye tumors" clearly refers to tumors of the organ of sight.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they <t>found</t> defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The target word is "found" (lemma: find).
The team used gene probes to analyze cells and discovered/determined the existence of defects in the second copy of chromosome 13.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice; examples: She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint)
3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain; examples: find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize)
8. make a discovery, make a new finding (synonyms: discover; examples: Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle)

Wait, "found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13"
Is it sense 2 or sense 4 or sense 8?
Let's check sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" -> "We found traces of lead in the paint". This matches "found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
Let's check sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" -> "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
Let's check sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" -> "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle".

Wait, "found defects" is very similar to "found traces of lead".
Let's look at sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
"found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13" -> they discovered the presence of defects.
Let's consider sense 2 vs sense 4.
Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of.
Sense 4: establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding.

In the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
This is discovering the presence of defects. "We found traces of lead in the paint" is a very close parallel to "they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
Let's check sense 2 again. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
Yes, "found defects" = determined the existence/presence of defects.

Let's look at sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize".
But "found defects" is more about detecting the presence of something.
Let's look at sense 2 examples: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint".
"found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13" is exactly like "found traces of lead in the paint".

Let's check if there is a better fit.
"discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" -> sense 2.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
This is detecting the presence of defects.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 2.
sense_key=find%2:39:02::
definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice
examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint

Yes, "found defects" is parallel to "found traces of lead".
I'll go with 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defect
Target surface form: defects
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found <t>defects</t> in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
2. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information
3. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
4. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "defects" in the context of "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
The context is about a missing piece of chromosome 13, a genetic issue, a missing gene, which is a biological/genetic imperfection.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
2. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information
3. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
4. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish

Wait, "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13". Chromosomes are part of a bodily system (genetic material, biology).
Sense 1: "an imperfection in a bodily system". Examples: visual defects, defects in the lungs. Chromosome defects fit "bodily system" or biological imperfection.
Sense 3: "an imperfection in an object or machine".
Sense 2: "a failing or deficiency".
Sense 4: "a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance".

Is a chromosome considered a bodily system? Or is it an object?
Let's check WordNet for "defect".
defect%1:26:01:: is "an imperfection in a bodily system".
defect%1:26:00:: is "an imperfection in an object or machine".
Wait, genetic defects are often classified under bodily system or just imperfection.
Let's re-read the context: "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13".
Is it sense 1? "an imperfection in a bodily system".
Let's consider "genetic defects". A genetic defect is an imperfection in a bodily system.
Let's check if there is a more specific sense.
Sense 1: "an imperfection in a bodily system"
Sense 3: "an imperfection in an object or machine"
Chromosomes are biological, so sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"defects in the second copy of chromosome 13"
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "visual defects", "defects in the lungs". Chromosome defects are biological.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: none listed, but examples are "visual defects", "defects in the lungs".
Sense 3: "fault, flaw", examples "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter".
Sense 1 is definitely the best for biological/genetic defects.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Let's review the prompt: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
So {"sense_index": 1}.
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: second
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the <t>second</t> copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. sense_key=second%3:00:00:: | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "second" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context talks about the "second copy" of chromosome 13, which comes next after the "first copy".
Sense 1: coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude. Synonyms: 2nd, 2d.
Sense 2: a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first.

The context clearly matches Sense 1, as it refers to the second copy (the one after the first copy).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second <t>copy</t> of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "copy" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context refers to a chromosome, which is a physical thing, a biological structure.
The word "copy" here means a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (the second chromosome 13 is a copy of the first chromosome 13, as humans have pairs of chromosomes).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. a reproduction of a written record (transcript) - No.
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor) - Yes, this fits the biological context of a chromosome being a copy of another.
3. matter to be printed - No.
4. material suitable for a journalistic account - No.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Double check: "second copy of chromosome 13" -> a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing.
Sense index: 2.
Format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exact
Target surface form: exact
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the <t>exact</t> area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exact%3:00:00:: | definition=marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact | examples=an exact mind; an exact copy
2. sense_key=exact%5:00:00:correct:00 | definition=(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct | synonyms=accurate, precise | examples=a precise image; a precise measurement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "exact" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The word "exact" modifies "area".
Sense 1: marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact (an exact mind; an exact copy)
Sense 2: (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct (a precise image; a precise measurement)

Wait, "exact area" means the identical or very specific area.
Let's look at the senses.
Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact" -> "an exact copy". "exact area" is like an exact copy or exact location.
Sense 2: "(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct" -> "a precise image; a precise measurement".

Is "exact area" an idea, image, representation, or expression? No, it's a physical location.
Sense 1 applies to physical things like "an exact copy".
Let's check WordNet for "exact".
exact (adj)
1. exact - marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact; "an exact mind"; "an exact copy"
2. exact - (of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth ; strictly correct; "a precise image"; "a precise measurement"

"exact area" is a physical location, so it aligns better with sense 1 (like "exact copy").
Wait, "exact" in "exact area" means identical or strictly particular.
Let's consider "exact" as in "exact same area".
Sense 1: "marked by strict and particular and complete accordance with fact"
Sense 2: "(of ideas, images, representations, expressions) characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth"

Since "area" is not an idea, image, representation, or expression, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"exact area" -> strict and particular.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
This means the identical area. "exact copy" is a good parallel.
So sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the <t>first</t> copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context contrasts "second copy" with "first copy".
This indicates the beginning unit in a series (the first of two copies).
Sense 2: sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st.
This perfectly matches "first copy" as opposed to "second copy".
Let's double check.
Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series.
"first copy" vs "second copy" is a series of copies.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. preceding all others in time or space or degree
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series
3. serving to set in motion
4. serving to begin
5. ranking above all others
6. highest in pitch or chief among parts

"first copy" is the beginning unit in a series of copies (first and second).
So sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first <t>copy</t> of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "copy" in the context: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome."
The context refers to a chromosome, which is a physical thing, a biological structure.
The "second copy of chromosome 13" means a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing, or a duplicate instance of the chromosome.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing (e.g., she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor)
3. matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. material suitable for a journalistic account

Sense 2 fits best because a chromosome is a physical thing, and the "second copy" is an identical or similar thing (the homologous chromosome).

Let's double check.
"copy of chromosome 13" -> a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finding
Target surface form: finding
Context:
He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The <t>finding</t> riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "finding" in the context: "The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The context describes a scientific discovery or result: "they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13... The finding riveted medicine."
Candidate senses:
1. the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation (determination)
2. the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. something that is found (the findings in the gastrointestinal tract...; an area rich in archaeological findings)

In the context, "The finding" refers to the specific thing that was found (the defects in the second copy of chromosome 13, and the conclusion that loss of both copies leads to cancer). It is a noun referring to the result or the thing discovered, not the act of determining.
Sense 3: "something that is found" fits perfectly. "The finding riveted medicine" = "The thing that was found riveted medicine."

Let's double check.
Sense 1: "the act of determining..." - "The act of determining riveted medicine" - less likely than "The thing found riveted medicine".
Sense 3: "something that is found" - "The thing that was found riveted medicine." This matches "findings in the gastrointestinal tract" or "archaeological findings".

Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Context: "The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This is a discovery, a thing found.
Sense 3 is correct.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted <t>medicine</t>. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "medicine" in the context: "The finding riveted <t>medicine</t>. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The context talks about a scientific finding related to cancer and genetics that "riveted medicine".
This refers to the field or profession of medicine, the learned profession devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries.
Sense 1: branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques.
Sense 2: something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (medication).
Sense 3: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries.
Sense 4: punishment for one's actions.

"riveted medicine" means it riveted the medical profession or the field of medicine.
Sense 3 fits best.
Let's double check.
"medicine" as a field of study/profession.
Yes, sense 3.
The finding riveted the medical profession.
Sense 3: the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries.
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the <t>first</t> time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The phrase is "the first time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. preceding all others in time or space or degree (the first house on the right; the first day of spring)
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series (1st)
3. serving to set in motion (inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden)
4. serving to begin (beginning)
5. ranking above all others (foremost, world-class)
6. highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections

"the first time" means preceding all others in time.
Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" -> "the first day of spring", "the first time".
Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" -> "1st".
Sense 1 fits "first time" perfectly. "preceding all others in time".

Let's check sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree"
Examples: "the first house on the right; the first day of spring"
"first time" is a classic example of "preceding all others in time".

Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1 is an adjective meaning "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
Sense 2 is an adjective meaning "indicating the beginning unit in a series" (like 1st).
"first time" -> preceding all others in time.

I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the exact wording of sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree".
Yes, "first time" is exactly "preceding all others in time".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Another option: "first" as in "first time" is often mapped to sense 1.
Let's confirm.
"first time" -> first (adj) -> preceding all others in time.
Yes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first <t>time</t> anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The phrase is "the first time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

"the first time" refers to an instance or single occasion for some event.
Sense 1: "an instance or single occasion for some event" -> "this time he succeeded", "he called four times". "the first time" fits perfectly here.
Let's double check. "It was the first time anyone had showed..." -> an instance or single occasion.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had <t>showed</t> that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer. "It was extraordinarily satisfying, "says Dr. Knudson, now at Fox Chase Cancer Research Center in Philadelphia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
The target word is "showed".
The meaning here is to establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment, or to provide evidence for.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience (demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate)
2. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish, shew)
3. provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence)
4. make visible or noticeable
5. show in, or as in, a picture
6. give expression to
7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing
8. be or become visible or noticeable
9. indicate a certain reading
10. give evidence of, as of records
11. take (someone) to their seats
12. finish third or better in a horse or dog race

Wait, "showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
Is it sense 2 or sense 3?
Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment. Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew. Examples: The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture.
Sense 3: provide evidence for. Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. Examples: The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence.

In the context, "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'... By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects... The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
This is establishing the validity of a scientific hypothesis/conjecture through an experiment/finding.
Sense 2 fits perfectly: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The example "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture" is very similar to "showed that the loss of both copies... could lead to...".
Let's check sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father".
Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The context talks about a scientific team finding the answer, analyzing cells, finding defects, and this finding riveted medicine. It established the validity of the conjecture that loss of both copies leads to cancer.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
Synonyms for sense 2: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
Synonyms for sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
"showed that" is often used for "demonstrated that" or "proved that".
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The context explicitly mentions "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'... By analyzing cells... they found defects... The finding riveted medicine. It was the first time anyone had showed that..." This is exactly establishing validity by experiment.

I will choose sense 2.
Context: "It was the first time anyone had showed that the loss of both copies of the same gene could lead to the eruption of a cancer."
Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
Matches perfectly.
Sense 3 is more about providing evidence for a fact (like a blood test showing paternity), whereas sense 2 is about establishing the validity of a proposition/conjecture through experiment or explanation. The context is a scientific discovery establishing a causal link (validity of a conjecture).
I'll go with 2.