[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "medicine" in the context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
The context refers to "gemcitabine" as an "anticancer medicine".
This means a substance used to treat or prevent disease.
Sense 1: branches of medical science (nonsurgical techniques)
Sense 2: something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease (medication, medicament, medicinal drug)
Sense 3: the learned profession
Sense 4: punishment

Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "another anticancer medicine" -> medication, medicinal drug.
Yes, sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "study" in the context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
The context is about a medical research study, an investigation or a written document describing the findings of some individual or group, or a detailed critical inspection, or a branch of knowledge.
Wait, let's look at the candidate senses:
1. study%1:04:00:: a detailed critical inspection (survey)
2. study%1:09:03:: applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
3. study%1:10:00:: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report) - "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
Wait, in medical contexts, a "study" involving patients is a research study, an investigation.
Is there a sense for "research study"?
Let's check the candidates:
1. study%1:04:00:: a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
3. study%1:10:00:: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report
Wait, "in a study involving 1,725 patients" - this refers to the research project or the written document describing it.
Let's see: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (sense 3).
Or maybe "a detailed critical inspection" (sense 1)? No, survey is different.
What about "study" as in "research study"?
Let's look at WordNet for "study".
Sense 1: study%1:04:00:: a detailed critical inspection (survey)
Sense 3: study%1:10:00:: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
Is there another sense?
Wait, if it's "a study involving 1,725 patients", it could be the research project itself. But WordNet might map "research study" to "a written document describing the findings..." or maybe "a detailed critical inspection"?
Let's re-read the context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... in one study involving 571 patients... in a study involving 1,725 patients... In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
This is a clinical trial or research study.
In WordNet, "study" as a research project is often mapped to "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (report) or maybe "a detailed critical inspection" (survey).
Wait, "study" meaning "an investigation" is often sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" or maybe sense 1?
Let's check WordNet 3.1:
study n
1. study, survey - a detailed critical inspection
2. study, read - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)
3. study, written report, report - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
4. study - a state of deep mental absorption
5. study, study room - a room used for reading and writing and studying
6. discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, study - a branch of knowledge
7. study, sketch - preliminary drawing for later elaboration
8. cogitation, study - attentive consideration and meditation
9. study - someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play)
10. study - a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Is a clinical trial a "written document describing the findings"? Or is it "a detailed critical inspection"?
Actually, "study" in the sense of "research study" is often mapped to sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (e.g., "a recent study by Hill and Dale"). But wait, "in a study involving 1,725 patients" refers to the research project itself. Does WordNet have a separate sense for "research project"? No, it's usually grouped under "written document describing the findings" or "detailed critical inspection".
Wait, let's look at the example for sense 3: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
What about sense 1? "a detailed critical inspection". Synonyms: survey.
Could it be sense 3? Yes, "a study involving 1,725 patients" is a research study, which produces a written document, or is referred to as such.
Let's consider "study" as "research". In WordNet, "research" is not a direct synonym, but "study" as a noun meaning an investigation is often sense 3.
Let's search my internal knowledge for "study involving patients" WordNet sense.
Often, "study" in medical contexts (e.g., "a study of 500 patients") is annotated as sense 3 (report/written document) or sense 1 (survey/inspection).
Wait, "a detailed critical inspection" is more like looking at something closely.
"a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" fits "a study involving 1,725 patients" because it's a published clinical trial.
Let's check if there is any other sense. No.
Let's choose sense 3.
Wait, let's re-evaluate sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".
Is a clinical trial a written document? "in a study involving 1,725 patients" - the study is the trial itself. But WordNet might classify it as sense 3 because the trial is reported as a study.
Let's consider sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection". A clinical trial is an investigation, which is a detailed critical inspection? No, "survey" is the synonym.
What about sense 3? "report, written report".
Let's look at similar examples. "A study of the effects of..." is often sense 3.
I will go with sense 3.
Let's double check.
"Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients..."
"one study involving 571 patients"
"a study involving 1,725 patients"
"In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
This refers to the research projects. In WordNet, "study" meaning a research project is often mapped to sense 3 (report) or sometimes sense 1. But sense 3 is "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". A clinical study is exactly that.
I'll output 3.
Wait, could it be 1? "a detailed critical inspection". No, that's more like examining a painting or a site.
Could it be 3? Yes.
I am confident in 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "involving" in the context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
The study involves 1,725 patients. This means the study contains or includes 1,725 patients as a part.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. connect closely and often incriminatingly (affect, regard)
2. engage as a participant (Don't involve me in your family affairs!)
3. have as a necessary feature (imply)
4. require as useful, just, or proper (necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take)
5. contain as a part (Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses)
6. occupy or engage the interest of
7. make complex or intricate or complicated

"involving 1,725 patients" -> the study contains as a part 1,725 patients.
Wait, let's look at sense 5: "contain as a part". Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
Does a study involve patients in the sense of "contain as a part"? Yes, the study includes/contains 1,725 patients.
Let's consider sense 2: "engage as a participant". "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" - this is about making someone participate. But a study involving patients means the study includes them.
Let's consider sense 5 again. "contain as a part".
Is there another sense?
Let's check WordNet for "involve".
involve v
1. involve, affect, regard - connect closely and often incriminatingly
2. involve - engage as a participant
3. involve, imply - have as a necessary feature
4. involve, necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take - require as useful, just, or proper
5. involve - contain as a part
6. involve - occupy or engage the interest of
7. involve - make complex or intricate or complicated

"in a study involving 1,725 patients" -> the study contains 1,725 patients as a part.
Wait, "involve" meaning "contain as a part" fits perfectly. "The study involves 1,725 patients" = "The study contains 1,725 patients as a part".
Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Sense 5: contain as a part.
Yes, "involving 1,725 patients" means the study has 1,725 patients as a part.
Let's review the examples for sense 5: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses".
So "a study involving 1,725 patients" -> a study containing 1,725 patients as a part.
I will choose sense 5.
Wait, could it be sense 2? "engage as a participant". The patients are participants in the study. But the subject is "a study", not a person. A study doesn't "engage as a participant" someone, it "contains as a part" someone.
Therefore, sense 5 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm: "a study involving 1,725 patients" -> the study contains 1,725 patients as a part.
Yes, sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical studies involving people receiving treatment (Alimta, chemotherapy, etc.).
The context mentions "456 patients who had not received chemotherapy", "571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease", "1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy".
Sense 1: a person who requires medical care.
Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

Clearly, the context refers to people requiring medical care (patients in a medical study).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "past" in the context: "who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past."
The context refers to a previous time period, specifically the time that has elapsed before the study.
Sense 1: the time that has elapsed (synonyms: past times, yesteryear; examples: forget the past).
Sense 2: an earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret).
Sense 3: a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past.

The context clearly refers to "the time that has elapsed" (Sense 1).
"received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past" -> in the time that has elapsed.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"in the past" -> time that has elapsed.
Sense 1 is correct.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "studies" in the context: "In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
The context is about medical research, clinical trials, or investigations.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. study%1:04:00:: - a detailed critical inspection (survey)
2. study%1:09:03:: - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
3. study%1:10:00:: - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report) - wait, is it this or something else?
Wait, there's no "research" sense? Let's check the options.
Option 1: a detailed critical inspection (survey)
Option 3: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
Wait, "study" in medical context often means a research project or a written report of it.
Let's re-read the context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... in one study involving 571 patients... in a study involving 1,725 patients... In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
Is it sense 3? "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" -> synonyms: report, written report.
Wait, let's look at the WordNet senses for "study".
Is there a sense for "research"?
Let's check the options again.
1. study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading)
3. study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report
4. study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption
5. study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying
6. study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge
7. study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration
8. study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation
9. study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily
10. study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Wait, "study" as in "a research project" or "a written document describing the findings".
In WordNet, "study" (noun) has:
- a detailed critical inspection (survey)
- applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (work)
- a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
- a state of deep mental absorption
- a room used for reading and writing and studying
- a branch of knowledge (discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study)
- preliminary drawing for later elaboration (sketch)
- attentive consideration and meditation (cogitation)
- someone who memorizes quickly and easily
- a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Is "study" in "one main study in 456 patients" a written document? Or a detailed critical inspection?
Actually, "study" in medical contexts is often mapped to "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (report) or "a detailed critical inspection" (survey).
Wait, "study" as in "research study" is often sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" or maybe sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection".
Let's consider "study" in "one main study in 456 patients". It refers to the research project itself.
In WordNet, "study" (noun) sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (report, written report). Example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
Is there another sense? What about "study" as in "research"? WordNet might not have a separate "research" sense, so it falls under "a written document describing the findings..." or "a detailed critical inspection".
Wait, could it be sense 3? "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." This refers to the research projects or the reports of them.
Let's check sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".
Let's check sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection". Synonyms: survey.
In medical literature, a "study" is a research project, which results in a written document. "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was..." refers to the research projects.
Is there a better fit?
Let's search my internal knowledge for WordNet "study" noun senses.
1. study, survey - a detailed critical inspection
2. study, work - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
3. study, report, written report - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group
4. study - a state of deep mental absorption
5. study - a room used for reading and writing and studying
6. study, discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study, bailiwick - a branch of knowledge
7. study, sketch - preliminary drawing for later elaboration
8. study, cogitation - attentive consideration and meditation
9. study - someone who memorizes quickly and easily
10. study - a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

If "study" means a research project, it is often mapped to sense 3 (report, written report) because the study is the document describing the findings, or sense 1 (survey). But "survey" is more like an inspection.
Wait, "study" as in "clinical study" is a research project. Does WordNet have a "research" sense? No, it's usually grouped under "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (report) or maybe "a detailed critical inspection" (survey).
Let's look at the example for sense 3: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". This is very similar to "one main study in 456 patients".
Also, "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." This refers to the studies as entities that have measures of effectiveness, which aligns with the research projects/reports.
I will choose sense 3.
Let's double check if there's any other.
Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" - synonyms: survey. A clinical study is not typically called a "survey" or "detailed critical inspection" in this context.
Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" - synonyms: report, written report. A clinical study is a report of findings.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Another possibility: "study" as in "research" might be mapped to sense 3.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. study%1:04:00::
2. study%1:09:03::
3. study%1:10:00::
4. study%1:09:04::
5. study%1:06:00::
6. study%1:09:02::
7. study%1:06:01::
8. study%1:09:01::
9. study%1:18:00::
10. study%1:10:01::

I will go with 3.
Context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
This refers to the research studies, which are documented as reports.
Sense 3 is "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".
Yes, 3 is the most appropriate.
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "main" in the context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
The word "main" modifies "measure of effectiveness".
It means the most important or primary measure.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "most important element", synonyms "chief, primary, principal". "the main measure of effectiveness" = the primary measure of effectiveness.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "measure" in the context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
The context talks about a clinical study and the "main measure of effectiveness" being survival time.
This means "measure" is a basis for comparison, a criterion, or a standard used to evaluate effectiveness.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. maneuver made as part of progress (step)
2. how much there is (quantity, amount)
3. statute in draft (bill)
4. act or process of assigning numbers (measurement)
5. a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated (standard, criterion, touchstone)
6. prosody accent
7. musical notation
8. measuring instrument
9. container of standard capacity

Sense 5 fits perfectly: "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" (synonyms: standard, criterion, touchstone). The "main measure of effectiveness" is the main criterion or standard for evaluating effectiveness.

Let's double check.
"the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
Measure here means criterion or standard.
Sense 5: measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone

Yes, sense 5 is the best fit.
Context: "the main measure of effectiveness" -> the main criterion of effectiveness.
Sense 5 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: long
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for
2. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "long" in the context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
The word "long" here refers to an extended time (how long the patients survived).
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for
2. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance

Sense 1 is "for an extended time or at a distant time".
Sense 2 is "for an extended distance".

The context is about survival time ("how long the patients survived").
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical studies ("456 patients who had not received chemotherapy", "571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease", "how long the patients survived").
The candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (chemotherapy, anticancer medicine, survival).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survived" in the context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."
The context is about patients with cancer (malignant pleural mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer) and how long they lived through the disease/adversity.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. continue to live through hardship or adversity (last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up)
2. continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) (pull through, pull round, come through, make it) - e.g., He survived the cancer against all odds.
3. support oneself (exist, live, subsist)
4. live longer than (outlive, outlast)

Wait, "how long the patients survived" means how long they continued to live through the disease/adversity.
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity. "We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) - "He survived the cancer against all odds"
Wait, "how long the patients survived" is about continuing to live through the disease.
Let's check the examples. "He survived the cancer against all odds" is sense 2. But "how long the patients survived" is intransitive.
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity.
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) - usually transitive? "He survived the cancer". But "pull through" is intransitive.
Let's re-read sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity". Synonyms: last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up.
"how long the patients survived" -> how long they lived / lasted.
Sense 1 fits "last, live, live on".
Let's check sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)". Synonyms: pull through, pull round, come through, make it.
Is "survive" in "how long the patients survived" sense 1 or sense 2?
"how long the patients survived" -> "how long the patients lived" or "lasted".
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity.
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)
Actually, "survive" meaning "live" or "last" is sense 1.
Let's look at WordNet:
survive v.
1. continue to live through hardship or adversity; "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"
2. continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); "He survived the cancer against all odds"
3. support oneself; "he could barely exist on such a low wage"; "Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?"
4. live longer than; "She outlived her husband by many years"

In the context, "how long the patients survived" means how long they continued to live through the disease. This matches "continue to live through hardship or adversity" (sense 1).
Wait, "how long the patients survived" -> "how long the patients lived".
Sense 1 is "continue to live through hardship or adversity".
Let's consider "how long the patients survived" -> "how long the patients lived".
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"how long the patients survived" -> "how long the patients lived" (last, live, live on).
Yes, sense 1.
Let's review sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity.
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.).
The patients are living *through* the disease, not necessarily *after* it (since it's a measure of effectiveness, i.e., survival time).
So sense 1 is correct.
"how long the patients survived" -> "how long the patients lived".
I will output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "benefit" in the given context.
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

In the context, "benefit" refers to the positive effect or advantage of the drug Alimta (increasing survival time). This matches sense 2: "something that aids or promotes well-being".

Let's check the sense index.
Sense 1: financial assistance
Sense 2: something that aids or promotes well-being
Sense 3: a performance to raise money

The correct sense is 2.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}
I will output exactly this JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "shown" in the context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
The context is about clinical studies and the results or evidence of the drug's effectiveness.
"Alimta has shown" means it has provided evidence for, or demonstrated, or given evidence of.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience (demo, exhibit)
2. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish)
3. provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) - "The blood test showed that he was the father"
4. make visible or noticeable
5. show in, or as in, a picture
6. give expression to
7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing
8. be or become visible or noticeable
9. indicate a certain reading
10. give evidence of, as of records
11. take (someone) to their seats
12. finish third or better in a horse or dog race

Wait, "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Is it sense 3: "provide evidence for"? Or sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"? Or sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records"?
Let's re-read sense 3: "provide evidence for" (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence). Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence".
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (prove, demonstrate, establish, shew). Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture".
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". Example: "The diary shows his distress that evening".

Wait, "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
"Alimta has shown" -> Alimta provided evidence for a benefit.
Let's consider "show" as in "provide evidence for".
Is it sense 3? "provide evidence for"
Let's check sense 3 vs sense 2.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The context says "Alimta has been studied in one main study... What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Wait, "show" in "What benefit has Alimta shown" means "demonstrate" or "provide evidence for".
Let's look at sense 3: "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
Let's look at sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
Actually, if the subject is the drug (Alimta), "Alimta has shown [benefit]" -> Alimta provided evidence for [benefit].
Wait, "show" meaning "provide evidence for" (sense 3) fits "The blood test showed that he was the father".
What about "give evidence of, as of records" (sense 10)? "The diary shows his distress that evening".
What about "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (sense 2)? "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound". Here, the experiment demonstrates. But the sentence says "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Could it be sense 3? "provide evidence for".
Let's search for "show" in WordNet.
show%2:32:00:: provide evidence for. "The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence"
show%2:31:00:: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment. "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture"
show%2:32:03:: give evidence of, as of records. "The diary shows his distress that evening"

In the sentence: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Alimta is the subject. It provided evidence for a benefit.
"provide evidence for" (sense 3) seems very fitting. "The blood test showed that he was the father" -> "Alimta showed a benefit".
Wait, sense 3 is "provide evidence for".
Let's check sense 3 again. "provide evidence for"
Is there another sense?
"show" meaning "demonstrate" or "prove".
Let's consider "show" as in "give evidence of, as of records" (sense 10). But Alimta is not a record.
What about sense 3? "provide evidence for".
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 3: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
Synonyms for sense 2: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
"Alimta has shown" -> Alimta has demonstrated.
Wait, "demonstrate" is a synonym for sense 2. "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound".
But "Alimta" is the drug. "What benefit has Alimta shown" -> What benefit has Alimta demonstrated?
If "demonstrate" is the synonym, sense 2 might be it.
But wait, "provide evidence for" (sense 3) is also very close.
Let's look at the exact phrase "What benefit has Alimta shown".
In WordNet, "show" as "provide evidence for" (sense 3) has examples like "The blood test showed that he was the father".
"show" as "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" (sense 2) has examples like "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound".
Here, "Alimta" is the thing that provides evidence. "Alimta has shown [benefit]".
Actually, "show" meaning "provide evidence for" is often used with inanimate subjects like tests, drugs, studies.
Let's check sense 3: "provide evidence for".
Let's check sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
If I say "The drug showed efficacy", it means the drug provided evidence for efficacy.
Let's consider "show" in the sense of "give evidence of, as of records" (sense 10). No, Alimta is not a record.
What about sense 3? "provide evidence for".
Let's look at the definition of sense 3: "provide evidence for".
Is there a better fit?
"show" (verb)
1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience
2. establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment
3. provide evidence for
4. make visible or noticeable
5. show in, or as in, a picture
6. give expression to
7. indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively
8. be or become visible or noticeable
9. indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments
10. give evidence of, as of records
11. take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums
12. finish third or better in a horse or dog race

"Alimta has shown" -> Alimta has provided evidence for.
Let's think if "show" here means "demonstrate" (sense 2). "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The studies established the validity, but Alimta itself "showed" the benefit.
Actually, "provide evidence for" (sense 3) is the most direct match for "show" in the context of a drug showing a benefit (i.e., providing evidence of a benefit).
Wait, "The blood test showed that he was the father" -> The blood test provided evidence for the fact that he was the father.
"Alimta showed a benefit" -> Alimta provided evidence for a benefit.
Let's consider sense 3.

Let's read the context again: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
"shown" here means "demonstrated" or "provided evidence for".
If I look up "show" in WordNet, sense 3 is "provide evidence for".
Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Is "Alimta" establishing validity? No, the studies are. Alimta is providing evidence for the benefit.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.

Let's double check sense 3 vs sense 2.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment"
Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
Examples: The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture.
Sense 3: "provide evidence for"
Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
Examples: The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence.

"Alimta has shown" -> Alimta has provided evidence for.
I will go with sense 3.
Wait, let's consider if "show" means "demonstrate" in the sense of "make evident".
"provide evidence for" is exactly "make evident" or "give evidence of".
I'll select 3.
Let's review the options.
1. demo, exhibit
2. establish validity
3. provide evidence for
4. make visible
5. depict
6. give expression to
7. indicate
8. become visible
9. indicate reading
10. give evidence of, as of records
11. usher
12. finish third

"Alimta has shown" -> Alimta has provided evidence for.
Yes, 3 is the most appropriate.
Let's consider if it could be 10. "give evidence of, as of records". Alimta is not a record.
Could it be 2? "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The subject of the example is "The experiment" or "The mathematician". Here the subject is "Alimta". Alimta is not establishing validity; it is the thing being tested, and it provides evidence for its own benefit.
So 3 is better.
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "studies" in the context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>?"
The context talks about clinical trials or research studies involving patients (e.g., "one main study in 456 patients", "one study involving 571 patients", "a study involving 1,725 patients").
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. study%1:04:00:: - a detailed critical inspection (survey)
2. study%1:09:03:: - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
3. study%1:10:00:: - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report) - wait, clinical studies are often referred to as research studies, but is there a better sense?
Wait, let's re-read the senses.
Is there a sense for "research study"?
Let's check the candidates:
1. detailed critical inspection
2. applying the mind to learning
3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
4. a state of deep mental absorption
5. a room used for reading
6. a branch of knowledge
7. preliminary drawing
8. attentive consideration and meditation
9. someone who memorizes quickly
10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Wait, "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" (sense 3) is the closest to a research study or report. Let's see if there is another sense.
Actually, in WordNet, "study" as in "research study" is often mapped to "study%1:10:00::" (a written document describing the findings of some individual or group) or "study%1:04:00::" (a detailed critical inspection).
Let's look at sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" synonyms: report, written report. Example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
In the context: "Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Here, "studies" refers to the research projects or the reports of these projects.
Sense 3 fits "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" or the research project itself.
Wait, let's consider sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" (survey).
Is a clinical trial a "detailed critical inspection"? No.
Is it a "written document describing the findings"? Yes, a study in this context is a research study, which results in a report or is the report itself.
Let's check if there is a "research" sense.
WordNet has:
study n
1. a detailed critical inspection (survey)
2. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (work)
3. a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (report, written report)
4. a state of deep mental absorption
5. a room used for reading and writing and studying
6. a branch of knowledge (discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study)
7. preliminary drawing for later elaboration (sketch)
8. attentive consideration and meditation (cogitation)
9. someone who memorizes quickly and easily
10. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique

Wait, what about "study" as in "research study"?
In WordNet, "study" meaning a research project or report is sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".
Let's verify: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale".
In the context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
This refers to the research studies (which are documented as reports).
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.

Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Could it be sense 1? "a detailed critical inspection". No.
Could it be sense 6? "a branch of knowledge". No.
Sense 3 is the only one that fits "research study" or "clinical study".

Let's review the context: "For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients... In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
The word "studies" here means the research investigations or the reports of them. Sense 3 covers "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group", which is the standard WordNet mapping for "research study".

I will choose sense 3.
Context: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Sense 3: study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale

Yes, sense 3 is the most appropriate.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "increased" (lemma: increase).
Context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
The subject is "Alimta" (a medicine), and the object is "the survival time".
This means Alimta made the survival time bigger or more.
Sense 1: become bigger or greater in amount (intransitive). Example: The amount of work increased.
Sense 2: make bigger or more (transitive). Example: The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted.
In the context, "Alimta increased the survival time" is transitive (Alimta made the survival time bigger).
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct sense.
Let's double check.
"Alimta increased the survival time" -> Alimta (subject) increased (verb) the survival time (object).
Sense 2: make bigger or more.
Sense 1: become bigger or greater in amount.
Since it has a direct object ("the survival time"), it is transitive, matching sense 2.
Output format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" in the context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
The context is about patients living longer, remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive (synonyms: endurance)
Sense 2: a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection)
Sense 3: something that survives

The context clearly refers to the state of surviving or remaining alive (survival time).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"survival time" -> time of remaining alive.
Sense 1: a state of surviving; remaining alive.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
The phrase is "survival time".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. a suitable moment
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event
9. rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

Wait, "survival time" refers to a period of time.
Let's check sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Is there a better sense?
What about sense 5: "the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past"? No.
What about sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something"? No.
Let's re-read sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". "survival time" is a period marked by the activity of surviving.
Wait, let's consider "time" as a duration.
Is there a sense for "duration"?
Let's check WordNet for "time".
time%1:28:00:: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" -> "he waited a long time", "the time of year for planting".
Wait, could it be sense 3? Yes, "survival time" is a period of time.
Let's check if there is a "duration" sense.
"time%1:28:00::" is often used for "a period of time".
Let's look at the context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients..."
"survival time" is a period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Let's see if there is another sense.
"time%1:28:00::" is the most general "period of time" sense.
Let's check the examples for sense 3: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting".
Is there a sense for "duration"?
"time%1:28:00::" is the best fit for "survival time" (a period of time).
Let's double check sense 3.
"an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Yes, "survival time" is a period marked by the activity of survival.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's review all senses.
1. instance/occasion
2. resource under control
3. indefinite period (marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. suitable moment
5. continuum of experience
6. experience on a particular occasion
7. reading of a point in time
8. fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. prison term

"survival time" is a period of time. Sense 3 is the only one that fits "period of time" in a general sense.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best.
Let's confirm.
"survival time" -> period of time.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"
Yes.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of <t>patients</t> with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical treatment ("Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma").
The candidate senses are:
1. a person who requires medical care
2. the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (treatment for cancer, survival time).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: Patients
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. <t>Patients</t> receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Patients" in the context of medical treatment ("Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months...").
The candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (patients with non-small cell lung cancer, receiving Alimta and cisplatin).
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.