[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hold
Target surface form: hold
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters <t>hold</t> Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hold%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=hold%2:35:00:: | definition=have or hold in one's hands or grip | synonyms=take hold | examples=Hold this bowl for a moment, please; A crazy idea took hold of him
3. sense_key=hold%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=throw, have, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
4. sense_key=hold%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have, have got | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
5. sense_key=hold%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important
6. sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
7. sense_key=hold%2:35:03:: | definition=to close within bounds, limit or hold back from movement | synonyms=restrain, confine | examples=This holds the local until the express passengers change trains; About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade
8. sense_key=hold%2:40:02:: | definition=secure and keep for possible future use or application | synonyms=retain, keep back, hold back | examples=The landlord retained the security deposit; I reserve the right to disagree
9. sense_key=hold%2:40:04:: | definition=have rightfully; of rights, titles, and offices | synonyms=bear | examples=She bears the title of Duchess; He held the governorship for almost a decade
10. sense_key=hold%2:35:01:: | definition=be the physical support of; carry the weight of | synonyms=support, sustain, hold up | examples=The beam holds up the roof; He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam
11. sense_key=hold%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=bear, carry, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
12. sense_key=hold%2:42:05:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, admit | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
13. sense_key=hold%2:42:01:: | definition=remain in a certain state, position, or condition | examples=The weather held; They held on the road and kept marching
14. sense_key=hold%2:35:02:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=carry, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
15. sense_key=hold%2:42:02:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=prevail, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
16. sense_key=hold%2:31:08:: | definition=assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good
17. sense_key=hold%2:42:07:: | definition=have as a major characteristic | examples=The novel holds many surprises; The book holds in store much valuable advise
18. sense_key=hold%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, take | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
19. sense_key=hold%2:41:00:: | definition=arrange for and reserve (something for someone else) in advance | synonyms=reserve, book | examples=reserve me a seat on a flight; The agent booked tickets to the show for the whole family
20. sense_key=hold%2:33:05:: | definition=protect against a challenge or attack | synonyms=defend, guard | examples=Hold that position behind the trees!; Hold the bridge against the enemy's attacks
21. sense_key=hold%2:32:13:: | definition=bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted | synonyms=oblige, bind, obligate | examples=He's held by a contract; I'll hold you by your promise
22. sense_key=hold%2:31:04:: | definition=hold the attention of | examples=The soprano held the audience; This story held our interest
23. sense_key=hold%2:31:10:: | definition=remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas
24. sense_key=hold%2:42:08:: | definition=resist or confront with resistance | synonyms=defy, withstand, hold up | examples=The politician defied public opinion; The new material withstands even the greatest wear and tear
25. sense_key=hold%2:42:04:: | definition=be pertinent or relevant or applicable | synonyms=apply, go for | examples=The same laws apply to you!; This theory holds for all irrational numbers
26. sense_key=hold%2:42:12:: | definition=stop dealing with | examples=hold all calls to the President's office while he is in a meeting
27. sense_key=hold%2:41:15:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
28. sense_key=hold%2:41:13:: | definition=keep from departing | examples=Hold the taxi; Hold the horse
29. sense_key=hold%2:41:14:: | definition=take and maintain control over, often by violent means | examples=The dissatisfied students held the President's office for almost a week
30. sense_key=hold%2:38:05:: | definition=cause to stop | synonyms=halt, arrest | examples=Halt the engines; Arrest the progress
31. sense_key=hold%2:35:09:: | definition=cover as for protection against noise or smell | examples=She held her ears when the jackhammer started to operate; hold one's nose
32. sense_key=hold%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=carry | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
33. sense_key=hold%2:33:00:: | definition=aim, point, or direct | examples=Hold the fire extinguisher directly on the flames
34. sense_key=hold%2:32:11:: | definition=declare to be | synonyms=declare, adjudge | examples=She was declared incompetent; judge held that the defendant was innocent
35. sense_key=hold%2:32:15:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=agree, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
36. sense_key=hold%2:29:04:: | definition=keep from exhaling or expelling | examples=hold your breath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Second, it explains why voters <t>hold</t> Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives..."
The phrase is "hold Congress in disdain".
This means to maintain a feeling or attitude (disdain) towards Congress.
Let's check the candidate senses.
Sense 6: maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions.
Wait, "hold in disdain" is a specific idiom.
Let's look at sense 6: "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)". Synonyms: harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse. Examples: bear a grudge.
Is there a better sense?
Sense 5: keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view | synonyms=deem, view as, take for | examples=take for granted; view as important.
Sense 16: assert or affirm | examples=Rousseau's philosophy holds that people are inherently good.
Sense 23: remain committed to | examples=I hold to these ideas.
Wait, "hold someone in disdain" means to harbor or maintain a feeling of disdain.
Let's check WordNet for "hold in disdain".
Actually, "hold" meaning "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)" fits "hold in disdain" (harbor a feeling).
Let's re-read sense 6: "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)". Synonyms: harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse. Examples: bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions.
Is there a sense for "hold in esteem" or "hold in disdain"?
WordNet has "hold" as "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)".
Let's check if there is a more specific sense.
What about "hold" meaning "keep in a certain state, position, or activity"? No.
Let's search for "hold in disdain" in WordNet.
Actually, the phrase "hold in disdain" is an example of maintaining a feeling.
Wait, let's look at sense 6: "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)".
Could it be sense 6? Yes, "harbor" or "entertain" a feeling. "hold a grudge", "hold in disdain".
Let's check sense 6 again. "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 5: "keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view".
"hold Congress in disdain" -> maintain a feeling of disdain towards Congress.
Let's consider "hold" + object + "in" + emotion. "hold in contempt", "hold in high regard", "hold in disdain".
This is exactly "maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)".
Let's verify.
"bear a grudge" is an example for sense 6. "hold a grudge" is similar to "hold in disdain".
Therefore, sense 6 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"voters hold Congress in disdain" -> voters maintain a feeling of disdain for Congress.
Synonyms for sense 6: harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse.
Yes, "harbor disdain", "entertain disdain".
I will choose sense 6.
Wait, let's review sense 6:
sense_key=hold%2:37:00:: | definition=maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings) | synonyms=harbor, harbour, entertain, nurse | examples=bear a grudge; entertain interesting notions
Yes, this matches perfectly.
Let's quickly check if there's any other.
Sense 1: keep in a certain state, position, or activity.
Sense 5: keep in mind or convey as a conviction or view.
Sense 6 is specifically about feelings (harbor, nurse, bear a grudge). Disdain is a feeling.
So sense 6 is the most appropriate.
I will output 6.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: disdain
Target surface form: disdain
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in <t>disdain</t> but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disdain%1:12:00:: | definition=lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike | synonyms=contempt, scorn, despite | examples=he was held in contempt; the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary
2. sense_key=disdain%1:10:00:: | definition=a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient | synonyms=condescension, patronage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "disdain" in the given context.
Target lemma: disdain
Target surface form: disdain
Context: "...it explains why voters hold Congress in <t>disdain</t> but generally love their own congressional representatives..."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=disdain%1:12:00:: | definition=lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike | synonyms=contempt, scorn, despite | examples=he was held in contempt; the despite in which outsiders were held is legendary
2. sense_key=disdain%1:10:00:: | definition=a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient | synonyms=condescension, patronage

In the context, "voters hold Congress in disdain" means they have a lack of respect and intense dislike for Congress. This matches sense 1 (contempt, scorn). Sense 2 is about a communication (condescension), which doesn't fit "hold in disdain".

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: love
Target surface form: love
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally <t>love</t> their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=love%2:37:00:: | definition=have a great affection or liking for | examples=I love French food; She loves her boss and works hard for him
2. sense_key=love%2:37:02:: | definition=get pleasure from | synonyms=enjoy | examples=I love cooking
3. sense_key=love%2:37:01:: | definition=be enamored or in love with | examples=She loves her husband deeply
4. sense_key=love%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, make out, make love, sleep with, get laid | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "love" in the context: "Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The context is about voters having a great affection or liking for their own congressional representatives because they appreciate the specific benefits they win for them.
Sense 1: have a great affection or liking for (I love French food; She loves her boss and works hard for him).
Sense 2: get pleasure from (I love cooking).
Sense 3: be enamored or in love with (She loves her husband deeply).
Sense 4: have sexual intercourse with.

Sense 1 fits best, as it's about having a great affection or liking for someone (their own congressional representatives), similar to "She loves her boss and works hard for him".

Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "I love French food; She loves her boss and works hard for him". This matches the context of voters loving their representatives.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional <t>representatives</t>: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "representatives" in the context: "Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them..."
The context explicitly mentions "congressional representatives" and "individual legislator's constituents".
Sense 3: "a member of the United States House of Representatives" (synonyms: congressman, congresswoman).
This perfectly matches "congressional representatives" and "legislator".
Sense 1 is too general.
Sense 2 is about an advocate/spokesperson.
Sense 4 is about an example/instance.
Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any <t>individual</t> legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%3:00:00:: | definition=being or characteristic of a single thing or person | synonyms=single | examples=individual drops of rain; please mark the individual pages
2. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:independent:00 | definition=separate and distinct from others of the same kind | synonyms=case-by-case, item-by-item | examples=mark the individual pages; on a case-by-case basis
3. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:unshared:00 | definition=characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing | synonyms=single | examples=an individual serving; single occupancy
4. sense_key=individual%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=private | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "individual" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them..."
The word "individual" modifies "legislator's".
It means a single, specific legislator, as opposed to the collective Congress.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. being or characteristic of a single thing or person (single) - "individual drops of rain; please mark the individual pages"
2. separate and distinct from others of the same kind (case-by-case, item-by-item)
3. characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing (single) - "an individual serving; single occupancy"
4. concerning one person exclusively (private) - "we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath"

Wait, "individual legislator" means a single legislator.
Sense 1: being or characteristic of a single thing or person.
Sense 2: separate and distinct from others of the same kind.
Sense 3: characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing.
Sense 4: concerning one person exclusively.

Let's read the context again: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
Here, "individual" means "single" (as in a single legislator, as opposed to the group).
Sense 1: "being or characteristic of a single thing or person" -> synonyms: single. Examples: individual drops of rain; please mark the individual pages.
Sense 2: "separate and distinct from others of the same kind" -> synonyms: case-by-case, item-by-item.
Sense 3: "characteristic of or meant for a single person or thing" -> synonyms: single. Examples: an individual serving; single occupancy.
Sense 4: "concerning one person exclusively" -> synonyms: private.

Is it sense 1? "Any single legislator's constituents..."
Yes, "individual" here means "single".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "individual drops of rain", "mark the individual pages".
"individual legislator" -> a single legislator.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: being or characteristic of a single thing or person.
"Any individual legislator's constituents" -> Any single legislator's constituents.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: single.
"Any single legislator's constituents..." makes perfect sense.
Let's consider sense 1.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constituent
Target surface form: constituents
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's <t>constituents</t> appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constituent%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, element | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
2. sense_key=constituent%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes | examples=needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected
3. sense_key=constituent%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=part, portion, component part, component | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
4. sense_key=constituent%1:10:00:: | definition=(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction | synonyms=grammatical constituent
5. sense_key=constituent%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, element, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "constituents" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The context is about voters, legislators, and elections.
Sense 2: "a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes"
Examples: "needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected"
This perfectly matches the context of voters represented by a legislator.
Therefore, the best sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appreciate
Target surface form: appreciate
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents <t>appreciate</t> the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appreciate%2:37:00:: | definition=recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
2. sense_key=appreciate%2:31:00:: | definition=be fully aware of; realize fully | synonyms=take account | examples=Do you appreciate the full meaning of this letter?
3. sense_key=appreciate%2:40:00:: | definition=hold dear | synonyms=prize, value, treasure | examples=I prize these old photographs
4. sense_key=appreciate%2:30:00:: | definition=gain in value | synonyms=apprize, apprise, revalue | examples=The yen appreciated again!
5. sense_key=appreciate%2:30:01:: | definition=increase the value of | synonyms=apprize, apprise | examples=The Germans want to appreciate the Deutsche Mark

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "appreciate".
Context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The constituents are grateful for or value the specific benefits.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. recognize with gratitude; be grateful for
2. be fully aware of; realize fully
3. hold dear
4. gain in value
5. increase the value of

In this context, constituents "appreciate the specific benefits". This means they are grateful for them or recognize them with gratitude.
Wait, "recognize with gratitude; be grateful for" fits perfectly. They are grateful for the specific benefits.
Let's check sense 1: "recognize with gratitude; be grateful for".
Is it sense 1 or sense 3? "hold dear" (prize, value, treasure).
"appreciate the specific benefits" -> be grateful for the specific benefits.
Let's consider "recognize with gratitude; be grateful for".
Yes, constituents appreciate (are grateful for) the specific benefits.
Let's double check sense 1.
"appreciate" in the sense of being grateful for something.
"constituents appreciate the specific benefits" -> they are grateful for them.
Sense 1: recognize with gratitude; be grateful for.
Sense 2: be fully aware of.
Sense 3: hold dear.
I think sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost..."
They are grateful for the benefits.
Therefore, sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's confirm.
"appreciate" -> recognize with gratitude; be grateful for.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: specific
Target surface form: specific
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the <t>specific</t> benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=specific%3:00:00:: | definition=(sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique | examples=rules with specific application; demands specific to the job
2. sense_key=specific%5:00:00:specified:00 | definition=stated explicitly or in detail | examples=needed a specific amount
3. sense_key=specific%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species | examples=specific characters
4. sense_key=specific%3:00:02:: | definition=being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition; used also of stains or dyes used in making microscope slides | examples=quinine is highly specific for malaria; a specific remedy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "specific" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The context contrasts "specific benefits" with "overall cost". The benefits are particular to the constituents, distinguishing them from general or overall costs.
Sense 1: (sometimes followed by `to') applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique. Examples: rules with specific application; demands specific to the job.
Sense 2: stated explicitly or in detail. Examples: needed a specific amount.
Sense 3: relating to or distinguishing or constituting a taxonomic species.
Sense 4: being or affecting a disease produced by a particular microorganism or condition.

In the context, "specific benefits" means benefits that are particular or special to the constituents, as opposed to general or overall costs. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1.
Let's double check. "specific benefits" -> benefits that are particular to them.
Sense 1: applying to or characterized by or distinguishing something particular or special or unique.
Yes, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them" -> benefits particular to them.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefits
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific <t>benefits</t> that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "benefits" in the context of "local benefits to the voter's particular district/state" and "bringing home the local benefits".
The context talks about legislators winning specific benefits for their constituents, which aids or promotes their well-being (e.g., local projects, funding).
Sense 1: financial assistance in time of need (e.g., unemployment benefits).
Sense 2: something that aids or promotes well-being (e.g., for the benefit of all).
Sense 3: a performance to raise money for a charitable cause.

In the context, "local benefits" refers to things that aid or promote the well-being of the district/state (like infrastructure, funding, etc.), not necessarily financial assistance in time of need (like welfare or unemployment), nor a charity performance.
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them" -> something that aids or promotes well-being.
Sense 2: benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all.

Yes, Sense 2 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: win
Target surface form: wins
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator <t>wins</t> for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=win%2:33:00:: | definition=be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious | examples=He won the Gold Medal in skating; Our home team won
2. sense_key=win%2:40:00:: | definition=win something through one's efforts | synonyms=acquire, gain | examples=I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese; Gain an understanding of international finance
3. sense_key=win%2:33:01:: | definition=obtain advantages, such as points, etc. | synonyms=gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground | examples=The home team was gaining ground; After defeating the Knicks, the Blazers pulled ahead of the Lakers in the battle for the number-one playoff berth in the Western Conference
4. sense_key=win%2:41:04:: | definition=attain success or reach a desired goal | synonyms=succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods | examples=The enterprise succeeded; We succeeded in getting tickets to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "wins" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The legislator "wins" specific benefits for them.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious
2. win something through one's efforts (synonyms: acquire, gain)
3. obtain advantages, such as points, etc. (synonyms: gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground)
4. attain success or reach a desired goal (synonyms: succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods)

Wait, "win something through one's efforts" (acquire, gain). The legislator acquires/gains specific benefits for the constituents.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese; Gain an understanding of international finance".
Wait, sense 2 is "win something through one's efforts".
Is there a sense for "win" meaning "obtain or secure (something) for someone"?
Let's re-read the senses.
Sense 2: win%2:40:00:: | definition=win something through one's efforts | synonyms=acquire, gain
Sense 3: win%2:33:01:: | definition=obtain advantages, such as points, etc. | synonyms=gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground
Sense 4: win%2:41:04:: | definition=attain success or reach a desired goal | synonyms=succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods

Wait, "win" in "wins for them" means to obtain or secure.
Let's look at WordNet for "win".
win%2:40:00:: "win something through one's efforts" -> acquire, gain.
Is there a sense "win" meaning "obtain"?
Let's check the context: "the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them".
This means the legislator acquires or gains benefits for them.
Sense 2: win something through one's efforts.
Let's see if there is another sense.
What about "win" as in "win a prize"? No.
"win" as in "obtain advantages, such as points, etc."? No, it's not points.
"win" as in "attain success or reach a desired goal"? No.
Let's consider "win something through one's efforts" (acquire, gain). The legislator acquires/gains benefits for them.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: acquire, gain.
Is there a sense "win" meaning "obtain"? Yes, "win" can mean "obtain" or "gain".
"win something through one's efforts" fits "wins for them" (the legislator wins/acquires/gains benefits for them).
Let's check if there's any other sense.
"win" (verb)
1. be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious
2. win something through one's efforts (acquire, gain)
3. obtain advantages, such as points, etc. (gain, advance, pull ahead, make headway, get ahead, gain ground)
4. attain success or reach a desired goal (succeed, come through, bring home the bacon, deliver the goods)

In the sentence: "the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them"
The legislator acquires/gains the benefits.
So sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"win" meaning "obtain" or "gain".
"win something through one's efforts" -> acquire, gain.
Yes, "wins" here means acquires or gains.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read sense 2: "win something through one's efforts".
Examples: "I acquired a passing knowledge of Chinese; Gain an understanding of international finance".
Wait, the examples for sense 2 are for "acquire" and "gain", not "win". But the definition is "win something through one's efforts".
Is there a better sense?
What about sense 3? "obtain advantages, such as points, etc." - no, it's not points.
Sense 4: "attain success or reach a desired goal" - no.
So sense 2 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm.
"the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them" -> the legislator acquires/gains the benefits for them.
Sense 2 is "win something through one's efforts".
I'll go with 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: overall
Target surface form: overall
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:general:00 | definition=involving only main features | examples=the overall pattern of his life
2. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:gross:00 | definition=including everything | examples=the overall cost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "overall" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the <t>overall</t> cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The candidate senses are:
1. involving only main features (e.g., the overall pattern of his life)
2. including everything (e.g., the overall cost)

The context explicitly says "the overall cost". This matches the example for sense 2: "the overall cost".
Sense 2 definition: "including everything".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cost
Target surface form: cost
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall <t>cost</t> associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cost%1:21:00:: | definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. sense_key=cost%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | synonyms=monetary value, price | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver; he puts a high price on his services
3. sense_key=cost%1:07:01:: | definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | synonyms=price, toll | examples=the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cost".
Context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The context talks about the negative consequences or the value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something (the overall cost of every legislator bringing home local benefits, which leads to higher taxes or national debt, etc.).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. cost%1:21:00:: the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. cost%1:07:00:: the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)
3. cost%1:07:01:: value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something (synonyms: price, toll; examples: the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work)

In the context, "the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise" refers to the negative consequence or toll of this behavior (e.g., higher taxes, inefficiency), not just the literal money spent for goods/services, but the abstract "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" (the toll of pork-barrel spending).
Wait, "cost" here could be the total spent (sense 1) or the toll/price (sense 3).
Let's re-read carefully: "appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
Is it the total spent (money) or the toll/price (negative consequence)?
"the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise" -> the toll or negative consequence.
Let's check sense 3: "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" -> synonyms: price, toll. Example: "the cost in human life was enormous".
Sense 1: "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor".
In political science, "cost" of pork barrel is often the aggregate toll or negative consequence (like higher taxes or deficit) rather than just the literal accounting "total spent".
Wait, sense 3 is "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something".
Let's consider "overall cost". "overall cost" usually means the total amount spent, but in this context, it's the negative consequence (toll) of the collective action.
Actually, the text says: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
This is the classic "tragedy of the commons" or "prisoner's dilemma" where the individual benefit is seen, but the collective cost (toll) is ignored.
Sense 3 fits "toll" perfectly. "the price of success is hard work", "the cost in human life was enormous". Here, the cost is the negative consequence borne by the nation.
Let's double check if sense 1 is better. "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor". The constituents don't appreciate the overall *total spent*? Or do they not appreciate the overall *toll*? They don't appreciate the toll/negative consequence.
I will go with sense 3.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 3: price, toll.
"the overall toll associated with every other legislator doing likewise" makes perfect sense.
Let's choose 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every <t>other</t> legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The word "other" here means "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "every other legislator" means "not the same one already mentioned" (i.e., not the individual legislator).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: do
Target surface form: doing
Context:
In races for the White House, a voter's incentive, at the margin, is to lean Republican. Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator <t>doing</t> likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=do%2:41:01:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=make | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=do%2:36:01:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=perform, execute | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
3. sense_key=do%2:41:04:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=perform | examples=I did my job
4. sense_key=do%2:42:00:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=fare, make out, come, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
5. sense_key=do%2:36:02:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=do%2:41:02:: | definition=carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions | synonyms=practice, practise, exercise | examples=practice law
7. sense_key=do%2:42:01:: | definition=be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity | synonyms=suffice, answer, serve | examples=A few words would answer; This car suits my purpose well
8. sense_key=do%2:36:00:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=make | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
9. sense_key=do%2:29:09:: | definition=behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself | synonyms=act, behave | examples=You should act like an adult; Don't behave like a fool
10. sense_key=do%2:42:02:: | definition=spend time in prison or in a labor camp | synonyms=serve | examples=He did six years for embezzlement
11. sense_key=do%2:41:03:: | definition=carry on or function | synonyms=manage | examples=We could do with a little more help around here
12. sense_key=do%2:29:04:: | definition=arrange attractively | synonyms=dress, arrange, set, coif, coiffe, coiffure | examples=dress my hair for the wedding
13. sense_key=do%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or traverse (a distance) | examples=This car does 150 miles per hour; We did 6 miles on our hike every day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "doing" in the context: "Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency."
The phrase is "doing likewise", which means performing the same action, carrying out the same action.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. engage in (make love, not war)
2. carry out or perform an action (perform, execute) - "John did the painting..."
3. get (something) done (perform) - "I did my job"
4. proceed or get along (fare, make out)
5. give rise to; cause to happen (cause, make)
6. carry out or practice; as of jobs and professions (practice, practise, exercise)
7. be sufficient (suffice, answer, serve)
8. create or design (make)
9. behave in a certain manner (act, behave)
10. spend time in prison (serve)
11. carry on or function (manage)
12. arrange attractively (dress, arrange)
13. travel or traverse (distance)

"doing likewise" means performing the same action.
Sense 2: "carry out or perform an action" (synonyms: perform, execute).
Let's check "doing likewise". "doing" here means performing an action.
Is there a better fit?
"doing likewise" -> performing the same action.
Sense 2: carry out or perform an action.
Let's see: "every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency." -> performing the same action (winning specific benefits).
Sense 2 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 2.
"carry out or perform an action"
Synonyms: perform, execute.
Examples: John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette.
Yes, "doing" = performing an action.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Another option: Sense 1 "engage in". But "doing likewise" is more about performing the action.
Sense 2 is the most standard for "do" in the sense of performing an action.
Let's confirm.
"doing likewise" -> performing the same action.
Sense 2.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suggest
Target surface form: suggests
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory <t>suggests</t> why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suggest%2:32:00:: | definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | synonyms=propose, advise | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
2. sense_key=suggest%2:32:04:: | definition=drop a hint; intimate by a hint | synonyms=hint
3. sense_key=suggest%2:32:02:: | definition=imply as a possibility | synonyms=intimate | examples=The evidence suggests a need for more clarification
4. sense_key=suggest%2:32:03:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=indicate | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases
5. sense_key=suggest%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=evoke, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "suggests" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The theory implies as a possibility or explains why something is the case.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. make a proposal, declare a plan for something (propose, advise)
2. drop a hint; intimate by a hint (hint)
3. imply as a possibility (intimate) - example: "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification"
4. suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine (indicate)
5. call to mind (evoke, paint a picture)

In the context, "the theory suggests why legislators..." means the theory implies as a possibility or provides an explanation that implies a certain outcome. Sense 3 "imply as a possibility" fits best, similar to "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification".

Let's double check.
"the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
This means the theory implies or indicates as a possibility/explanation.
Sense 3: imply as a possibility.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: propose - no.
Sense 2: drop a hint - no.
Sense 4: medical indication - no.
Sense 5: call to mind - no.

Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.
Context: "the theory suggests why..." -> implies as a possibility.
Matches sense 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to <t>national</t> policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "national" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to <t>national</t> policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The contrast is between "national policy making" and "local benefit-seeking".
"national" here means concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country, as opposed to local.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country (national hero)
2. limited to or in the interests of a particular nation (national interests)
3. concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country (the national government; national elections)
4. owned or maintained for the public by the national government (national parks)
5. inside the country (home, interior, internal)
6. characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation (a national trait)
7. of or relating to nationality (national origin)

Sense 3 fits best: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" (national policy making vs local benefit-seeking).
Let's double check. "national policy making" -> policy making for the entire nation.
Sense 3: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country.
Yes, sense 3 is the best fit.
Context: "national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking"
Sense 3: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country.
Matches "national government", "national elections".
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national <t>policy</t> making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "policy" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The context is about government, legislators, national policy making.
Sense 1: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
Sense 2: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
Sense 3: written contract or certificate of insurance.

"national policy making" refers to the course of action of a government.
Let's check the examples for Sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation". This fits "national policy making".
Wait, Sense 1 is "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
Sense 2 is "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
Is "national policy making" a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government, or a plan of action?
Actually, "policy making" usually refers to the process of creating a plan of action. But let's look at the senses.
Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group"
Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government"
Wait, "national policy making" -> "policy" here means the course of action of a government.
Let's re-read Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
Is "policy making" a line of argument? No, it's the making of a plan of action.
Wait, let's look at WordNet.
policy%1:09:00:: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group"
policy%1:10:00:: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government"
In "national policy making", "policy" is the plan of action or the course of action.
Wait, "national policy" is a plan of action adopted by a social group (the nation/government).
Let's see: "national policy making" -> making of national policy.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"national policy making" - policy as a plan of action.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies".
Sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
"national policy making" is about making plans of action.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
"national policy making" -> policy = plan of action.
Let's search for "policy making" in WordNet.
Actually, "policy" in "national policy" is often sense 1.
Let's look at the context: "legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking".
This is about making plans of action (policies) for the nation.
Sense 1: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
Sense 2: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
"national policy making" is not a line of argument. It's the creation of a plan of action.
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"national policy making" -> policy = plan of action.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 1? "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". A nation is a social group.
I'll go with 1.
Let's review the prompt: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.
Let's think if "policy" in "national policy" is sense 1.
Yes, "national policy" is a plan of action.
"policy making" is the process of making such plans.
Therefore, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy <t>making</t> relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "making" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy <t>making</t> relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The phrase is "policy making".
Sense 1: the act that results in something coming to be (devising, fashioning). "policy making" is the act of making policy.
Sense 2: an attribute that must be met or complied with (qualification).
Sense 3: the components needed for making or doing something (makings).

"policy making" refers to the act of making policy.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "making" in "policy making" is the act of making.
Sense 1: the act that results in something coming to be.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relative
Target surface form: relative
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making <t>relative</t> to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "relative" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The phrase is "relative to".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

The context says "relative to local benefit-seeking". This matches sense 2, which is "usually followed by `to'" and means "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics" (proportional).
Wait, "relative to" in this context means "in comparison to" or "proportionate to".
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "earnings relative to production".
"national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking" -> proportionate to / in comparison to.
Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"relative to" is explicitly mentioned in sense 2: "usually followed by `to'".
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 2}.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Although a GOP president may limit local benefits to the voter's particular district/state, such a president is also likely to be more effective at preventing other districts/states and their legislators from bringing home the local benefits. The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to <t>local</t> benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context: "Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office."
The context contrasts "national policy making" with "local benefit-seeking".
Sense 1: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area.
Sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood.
Sense 3: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body.

The context is about political districts, states, and legislators bringing home benefits to their specific district/state (a smaller area rather than a larger area like the nation).
Sense 1 fits best: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area". The contrast is "national policy making" vs "local benefit-seeking" (district/state level).

Let's check Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area"
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (e.g., local customs, local schools).

In the context, "local benefits" refers to benefits for a particular district/state, which is a political/administrative district rather than a larger area (national).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check. "local benefits" -> benefits for the district.
Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area"
Yes, this matches perfectly with the political context of districts/states vs national.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.