[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: france
Target surface form: France
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that <t>France</t> "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=france%1:15:00:: | definition=a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe | synonyms=French Republic
2. sense_key=france%1:18:00:: | definition=French writer of sophisticated novels and short stories (1844-1924) | synonyms=Anatole France, Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "France".
Context: "Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects... declaring that France 'does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters.' ... Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France 'can not accommodate all the world's misery.'"
The context clearly refers to the country of France.
Sense 1: a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe (French Republic)
Sense 2: French writer of sophisticated novels and short stories (Anatole France)

The correct sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: misery
Target surface form: misery
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's <t>misery</t>." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=misery%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune | synonyms=wretchedness, miserableness | examples=the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable
2. sense_key=misery%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of intense unhappiness | examples=she was exhausted by her misery and grief

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "misery".
Context: "...France 'can not accommodate all the world's misery.'"
The context refers to the world's misery, meaning the state of ill-being, affliction, or misfortune of people around the world (e.g., poverty, suffering, refugees).
Sense 1: a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune (wretchedness, miserableness). Example: the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable.
Sense 2: a feeling of intense unhappiness. Example: she was exhausted by her misery and grief.

The context "all the world's misery" refers to the state of ill-being of the world's population, not a specific feeling of intense unhappiness of a single person.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only <t>difference</t>, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "difference" in the given context.
Context: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
Wait, the sentence is: "The only difference, the degree of generosity" (or something similar, maybe "The only difference is the degree of generosity").
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the quality of being unlike or dissimilar
2. a variation that deviates from the standard or norm
3. a disagreement or argument about something important
4. a significant change
5. the number that remains after subtraction

In the context, "The only difference, the degree of generosity" refers to the quality of being unlike or dissimilar between the Left and the Right. The Left and Right have consensus, the only difference (unlikeness/dissimilarity) is the degree of generosity.
Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" fits perfectly. "There are many differences between jazz and rock". Here, the difference between the Left and the Right is the degree of generosity.

Let's check Sense 1.
"the quality of being unlike or dissimilar"
Yes, "The only difference [between the Left and the Right], the degree of generosity".

Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Sense 3: disagreement or argument. "The only difference" could mean "the only disagreement", but "degree of generosity" is a quality, not an argument.
Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's review the context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac... and on the Left by Michel Rocard... The only difference, the degree of generosity"
This means the only way they are unlike or dissimilar is in the degree of generosity.
So sense 1 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the <t>degree</t> of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "degree" in the context: "The only difference, the <t>degree</t> of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion..."
The phrase is "degree of generosity".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (grade, level)
2. a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (level, stage, point) - "a remarkable degree of frankness"
Wait, "degree of generosity" is a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality, or a specific identifiable position in a continuum.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness". This is very similar to "degree of generosity".
Let's check sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required".
Is "degree of generosity" more like sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" -> synonyms: level, stage, point. Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" -> synonyms: grade, level. Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required".
Wait, "degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's look at WordNet for "degree".
degree%1:07:00:: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
degree%1:26:01:: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
Actually, "degree of generosity" is an amount or quality. "a remarkable degree of frankness" is sense 2.
Wait, let's search for "degree of generosity" in WordNet or similar.
"degree of generosity" -> "degree" meaning amount or quality.
Let's re-read sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
"degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's check the exact phrase "degree of generosity".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
In WordNet, "degree" sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (grade, level).
"degree" sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (level, stage, point). Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
Wait, "frankness" is a quality. "generosity" is a quality.
But "degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: grade, level
Sense 2: level, stage, point
"degree of generosity" -> "level of generosity".
Let's consider "a remarkable degree of frankness" is sense 2.
Is "degree of generosity" sense 1 or 2?
Let's look at the definition of sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
Definition of sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
"degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's check if "degree of generosity" is sense 1.
"degree" as in "to a certain degree".
Actually, "degree" meaning "amount or quality" is sense 1.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required".
"degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's check sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"
"frankness" is a quality.
Is there a difference?
Sense 1 is "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
Sense 2 is "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
"degree of generosity" -> "amount or quality".
I will go with sense 1 because "generosity" is a quality, and "degree" here refers to the amount or quality of it.
Wait, let's search for "degree of generosity" in WordNet.
Maybe it's sense 1.
Let's look at the context: "The only difference, the degree of generosity".
"degree" here means the extent or amount.
Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
I think sense 1 is better for "amount or quality".
Let's re-evaluate sense 1 vs sense 2.
"degree of frankness" is sense 2.
"degree of generosity" is similar to "degree of frankness".
But "degree of generosity" is an amount.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, "degree" in "degree of generosity" is "amount or quality".
Let's check sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
Yes, "amount or quality" matches "generosity".
I'll output 1.
Let's double check.
"degree of generosity" -> extent, amount.
Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
I will go with 1.
Wait, "a remarkable degree of frankness" is sense 2. "frankness" is a quality.
Is "generosity" a quality? Yes.
But "degree of generosity" is about the amount of it.
Let's choose 1.
Actually, 1 is "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
2 is "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
"degree of generosity" is an amount.
I'll output 1.
Let's consider "degree" as "extent".
"to some degree" -> sense 1? No, "to some degree" is often sense 1 or 2.
Let's guess 1.
Wait, "degree of generosity" -> "level of generosity".
Sense 1 has "level" as a synonym.
Sense 2 has "level" as a synonym.
I will choose 1.
Let's review the prompt: "The only difference, the degree of generosity".
"degree" = amount or quality.
Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of <t>generosity</t> In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "generosity".
Context: "The only difference, the degree of generosity" in the context of immigration policy, accommodating foreign workers, and the world's misery.
The context discusses how much the country is willing to accommodate or give to foreign workers/immigrants.
Sense 1: the trait of being willing to give your money or time (generousness)
Sense 2: acting generously (unselfishness)

Wait, "degree of generosity" in the context of accommodating immigrants.
Is it the trait of being willing to give (money, time, or in this case, accommodation/resources)?
Let's check the WordNet senses for "generosity".
generosity%1:07:00:: the trait of being willing to give your money or time
generosity%1:04:00:: acting generously

In the context, "the degree of generosity" refers to the willingness to accommodate or give resources (like jobs, housing, etc.) to immigrants.
Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" -> this fits the idea of a country's willingness to give resources/accommodate.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms.
Sense 1: generousness
Sense 2: unselfishness

"degree of generosity" -> degree of willingness to give/accommodate.
Let's consider "generosity" as a trait. "The only difference, the degree of generosity" -> the degree of the trait of being willing to give.
I will choose sense 1.
Let's double check.
"generosity" in WordNet:
1. generosity (the trait of being willing to give your money or time)
2. generosity (acting generously)

Context: "France 'can not accommodate all the world's misery.' The only difference, the degree of generosity"
This refers to the trait of being willing to give (accommodate).
So sense 1.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fear
Target surface form: fear
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the <t>fear</t> of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: | definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fear" in the context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
The context talks about the fear of invasion, which is an anxious feeling or concern about a specific event (invasion by hordes of Polish plumbers).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. fear%1:12:00:: an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. fear%1:12:01:: an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. fear%1:12:02:: a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration

Wait, "fear of invasion" is an anxious feeling or concern about a specific danger (invasion).
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger.
Sense 2: an anxious feeling. Example: "fear of public reaction".
"fear of invasion" is very similar to "fear of public reaction". It's an anxious feeling or concern.
Let's re-read the context: "the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
This is an anxious feeling or concern about a potential event.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction".
"fear of invasion" is an anxious feeling.
Wait, "fear of invasion" could be sense 1 (anticipation of specific pain or danger) or sense 2 (anxious feeling, concern).
Let's consider "fear of invasion". Is it an emotion of fright, or an anxious feeling/concern?
"fear of invasion" is a concern or anxious feeling.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: concern, care.
Synonyms for sense 1: fearfulness, fright.
The text says "the fear of invasion... was felt both on the Left and on the Right." This is a political/social concern, an anxious feeling about a potential event, not necessarily a visceral fright.
Therefore, sense 2 is more appropriate. "fear of public reaction" is a good parallel to "fear of invasion".
Let's double check.
"fear of invasion" -> concern, anxious feeling.
Sense 2: an anxious feeling.
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger". Invasion is a specific danger. But "fear of invasion" in a political context is more of a concern or anxious feeling.
Let's check WordNet for "fear of". "fear of public reaction" is sense 2. "fear of invasion" is likely sense 2 as well, as it denotes concern.
Let's choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: invasion
Target surface form: invasion
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of <t>invasion</t> of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=invasion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
2. sense_key=invasion%1:11:00:: | definition=any entry into an area not previously occupied | synonyms=encroachment, intrusion | examples=an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts
3. sense_key=invasion%1:11:01:: | definition=(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body | examples=the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "invasion".
Context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
The context talks about "hordes of Polish plumbers" entering the national territory.
Sense 1: the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder.
Sense 2: any entry into an area not previously occupied. Synonyms: encroachment, intrusion. Examples: an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts.
Sense 3: (pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body.

The context uses "invasion" metaphorically or literally to mean a large number of people (hordes of Polish plumbers) entering an area (national territory). This matches Sense 2: "any entry into an area not previously occupied", with the example "an invasion of tourists".

Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 1 is specifically about an army invading for conquest or plunder.
Sense 2 is about any entry into an area not previously occupied, like tourists or locusts. "hordes of Polish plumbers" fits "invasion of tourists" perfectly.
Sense 3 is pathology.

So, sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: territory
Target surface form: territory
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=territory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes | synonyms=district, territorial dominion, dominion
2. sense_key=territory%1:09:00:: | definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory
3. sense_key=territory%1:15:01:: | definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | synonyms=soil | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "territory" in the context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
The phrase is "national territory".
Sense 1: a region marked off for administrative or other purposes (district, territorial dominion, dominion)
Sense 2: an area of knowledge or interest
Sense 3: the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state (soil)

"national territory" refers to the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state (France).
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "invasion of the national territory" -> geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state.
Matches sense 3 perfectly.
Sense 3 is "the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state".
Output format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: horde
Target surface form: hordes
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "hordes" in the context: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
The context talks about a large number of Polish plumbers invading the national territory.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm

"hordes of Polish plumbers" refers to a vast multitude or a moving crowd.
Let's check the definitions.
Sense 1: a vast multitude (host, legion)
Sense 3: a moving crowd (drove, swarm)

Is "hordes of Polish plumbers" a vast multitude or a moving crowd?
Usually, "hordes of [people]" implies a vast multitude.
Wait, let's look at WordNet.
horde n
1: a vast multitude [syn: host, legion]
2: a moving crowd [syn: drove, swarm]
3: a nomadic community

In the context, "fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers".
Is it a vast multitude or a moving crowd?
"host, legion" fits "hordes of Polish plumbers" better as a vast multitude.
Wait, "hordes of Polish plumbers" is a vast multitude.
Let's consider "hordes of Polish plumbers". "hordes" here means a vast multitude.
Let's check if there is a distinction. "hordes of Polish plumbers" -> a vast multitude.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, "hordes of Polish plumbers" - "hordes" is often used as "a vast multitude".
Let's re-read carefully: "fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers".
A vast multitude (host, legion).
I will go with 1.
Let's double check.
"hordes of Polish plumbers" -> a vast multitude.
Yes, 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Left" in the context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac... and on the Left by Michel Rocard... The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."
The context clearly refers to the political Left (as opposed to the Right).
Sense 2: "those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare" (synonyms: left wing).
This matches the political meaning of "Left".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
2. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
4. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
5. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
6. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Right" in the context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac... Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
This refers to the political Right (conservatism).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. right%1:07:00:: (legal/moral right)
2. right%1:15:00:: (direction/location)
3. right%1:06:00:: (right field)
4. right%1:14:00:: (those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged; synonyms: right wing)
5. right%1:08:00:: (right hand)
6. right%1:04:00:: (turn toward the right)
7. right%1:07:01:: (anything in accord with principles of justice)
8. right%1:21:00:: (interest possessed by law or custom)

Sense 4 matches perfectly: "those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged" (synonyms: right wing). The context contrasts "the Left and the Right" in a political sense.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 4.
I will return {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "sides" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
The context mentions "the Left and the Right", "the Confederate side", "contesting groups".
Sense 2: "one of two or more contesting groups" (examples: the Confederate side was prepared to attack).
This perfectly matches "Both sides" referring to the Left and the Right.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: place within a region.
Sense 2: one of two or more contesting groups.
Sense 10: an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute.
"Both sides see immigrants as a burden..." refers to the groups (the Left and the Right).
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 2: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack".
Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..." -> The Left and the Right are the two contesting groups.
So sense 2 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "burden" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
The context talks about immigrants being seen as a difficult concern, an encumbrance, or a load on the economy and society.
Sense 1: an onerous or difficult concern (synonyms: load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus). Examples: the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind.
Sense 2: weight to be borne or conveyed (synonyms: load, loading).
Sense 3: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work.
Sense 4: the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.

In this context, "burden" means an onerous or difficult concern, an encumbrance on the economy and society.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "burden on the French economy" -> an onerous or difficult concern.
Sense 1 is correct.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "economy" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
The context refers to the national economic system, production, distribution, and consumption, specifically the French economy.
Sense 1: "the system of production and distribution and consumption" (synonyms: economic system). This perfectly matches "French economy".
Sense 2: "the efficient use of resources"
Sense 3: "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources"
Sense 4: "an act of economizing; reduction in cost"

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "society" in the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
The context talks about immigrants being a burden on the French economy and French society.
Sense 1: an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. (French society)
Sense 2: a formal association of people with similar interests.
Sense 3: the state of being with someone.
Sense 4: the fashionable elite.

"French society" clearly refers to the extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization (Sense 1).
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
The word "difference" here refers to a variation or deviation from the standard or norm, or a distinction between the Left and the Right. Wait, let's look at the senses.
Sense 1: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar. (there are many differences between jazz and rock)
Sense 2: a variation that deviates from the standard or norm. (deviation, divergence, departure)
Sense 3: a disagreement or argument about something important. (dispute, difference of opinion, conflict)
Sense 4: a significant change.
Sense 5: the number that remains after subtraction.

Wait, "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity" means the quality of being unlike or dissimilar between the Left and the Right.
Let's re-read the context: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject... The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
This is a distinction or the quality of being unlike or dissimilar.
Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar"
Sense 2: "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm"
Sense 3: "a disagreement or argument about something important"

Is it sense 1? "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar"
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "there are many differences between jazz and rock"
Here, "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity" is comparing the Left and the Right. It's the quality of being unlike or dissimilar.
Wait, let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1 is "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar".
Sense 2 is "a variation that deviates from the standard or norm".
Sense 3 is "a disagreement or argument".
The text says "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity". This is a point of unlikeness or dissimilarity between the Left and the Right.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" -> difference between Left and Right.
Yes, "difference" as in "the difference between X and Y".
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

The context is comparing the Left and the Right, noting that they have a lot of consensus, but the only *difference* (unlikeness/dissimilarity) is the degree of generosity.
So sense 1 is the correct choice.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "degree" in the context: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
The phrase is "degree of generosity".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university...
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles...
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature...
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime)...

"degree of generosity" refers to a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality, or a specific identifiable position in a continuum.
Wait, let's look at the examples:
Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required"
Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"
"degree of generosity" is very similar to "degree of frankness".
Let's check the exact WordNet definitions.
Sense 1: degree%1:07:00:: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
Sense 2: degree%1:26:01:: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
Wait, "degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's see: "a remarkable degree of frankness" is Sense 2.
Is "degree of generosity" more like Sense 1 or Sense 2?
"degree of generosity" -> amount or quality.
Let's check WordNet for "degree of generosity".
Actually, "degree" in "degree of generosity" is often mapped to sense 1 or 2.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: grade, level
Sense 2: level, stage, point
"a remarkable degree of frankness" is Sense 2.
Is "degree of generosity" closer to "degree of frankness"? Yes, both are abstract qualities.
Wait, let's look at the definition of Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". Generosity is a quality or amount.
Let's look at Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
"degree of generosity" -> amount or quality.
Let's search my internal knowledge for "degree of generosity" in WordNet.
Actually, the phrase "degree of" + abstract noun often goes to Sense 1 or 2.
Let's consider "a high level of care is required" (Sense 1).
"a remarkable degree of frankness" (Sense 2).
"degree of generosity" is an amount or quality.
Let's look at the context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
This is an amount or quality.
Let's check if there is a distinction.
Sense 1: degree%1:07:00::
Sense 2: degree%1:26:01::
In many WSD datasets, "degree of [abstract noun]" like "degree of frankness" is Sense 2.
Wait, "degree of generosity" might be Sense 1 because it's an amount or quality.
Let's re-read Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"
"generosity" is a quality or amount. "intensity or amount or quality" fits perfectly.
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required".
"degree of generosity" is like "level of care" or "grade of intelligence".
Let's check Sense 2 examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"
"degree of frankness" is Sense 2.
Is "degree of generosity" Sense 1 or 2?
"degree of generosity" -> amount of generosity.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: grade, level
Sense 2: level, stage, point
"degree of generosity" -> level of generosity.
I will guess Sense 1 because "amount or quality" is explicitly in the definition, and generosity is a quality/amount.
Wait, "a remarkable degree of frankness" is Sense 2. Frankness is also a quality.
Why is "frankness" Sense 2? "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Maybe "degree of generosity" is Sense 1.
Let's search for "degree of generosity" in standard corpora. It's not a fixed phrase.
Let's consider "degree" as "amount". "The degree of generosity" = "the amount of generosity".
Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
I'll go with Sense 1.

Let's rethink:
"degree of generosity"
Could it be Sense 1? Yes.
Let's check if "degree" in "degree of generosity" is Sense 1.
"degree" meaning "amount" is Sense 1.
"degree" meaning "stage" is Sense 2.
Generosity is not a process or series, it's an amount or quality.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality.
Sense 2: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process.
Generosity is an amount or quality, not a process.
So Sense 1 is better.
I will output 1.
Wait, let's look at the example "a remarkable degree of frankness". Frankness is a quality. Why is it Sense 2?
Maybe because it's a "position in a continuum".
But "amount or quality" is explicitly in Sense 1.
I'll choose 1.
Let's review the prompt: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
"degree of generosity" -> amount of generosity.
Sense 1: amount or quality.
I am confident in 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "generosity".
Context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
The context discusses the degree of generosity granted to immigrants, which relates to the trait of being willing to give money or time (or resources, in this case, accommodating immigrants).
Sense 1: the trait of being willing to give your money or time (generousness)
Sense 2: acting generously (unselfishness)

Wait, "degree of generosity" refers to the trait or the amount of generosity (willingness to give).
Let's check the context again: "The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005... The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
This is about the trait of being willing to give (resources, accommodation, etc.).
Sense 1: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time"
Sense 2: "acting generously"

"degree of generosity" -> trait.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms.
Sense 1: generousness
Sense 2: unselfishness

"degree of generosity" -> trait of being willing to give.
I will choose sense 1.
Let's double check.
"generosity%1:07:00::" -> trait of being willing to give your money or time.
"generosity%1:04:00::" -> acting generously.

"degree of generosity" is a trait.
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "program" in the context: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
François Hollande is a political figure (former President of France).
The context discusses political stances on immigration, the Left and the Right, and electoral assets.
Sense 4: "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" (synonyms: platform, political platform, political program).
This perfectly matches "his program" referring to a politician's platform or political program.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished.
Sense 4: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party.
"François Hollande" is a political candidate/president. "In his program" refers to his political platform.
Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 4: "their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program".
This matches the context of François Hollande, elections, and political stances.
I will output {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "problem" in the context: "saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
The context discusses immigration as a "burden" and a "problem" that needs to be solved.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Wait, "immigration problem to be solved".
Is it a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved (1), a question raised for consideration or solution (2), or a source of difficulty (3)?
"immigration problem" -> a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's check the examples.
Sense 1: "she and her husband are having problems"
Sense 2: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
Sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"

Wait, "immigration problem" is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's re-read the context: "saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
"problem to be solved" matches "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (Sense 1).
Wait, "a question raised for consideration or solution" (Sense 2) has the example "ten problems to solve".
But "immigration problem" is a state of difficulty, not a math problem or homework problem.
Let's look at Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
Synonyms: job.
Is "immigration problem" a state of difficulty? Yes.
Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 3.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty". Synonyms: trouble.
"immigration problem" -> a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's check WordNet for "problem".
1. a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved
2. a question raised for consideration or solution
3. a source of difficulty

"immigration problem" is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Wait, "problem to be solved" is explicitly in the text.
Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution"
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

"immigration problem" is a state of difficulty.
Let's choose Sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms.
Sense 1: job
Sense 3: trouble
"immigration problem" is a state of difficulty.
Let's choose 1.
Wait, "problem to be solved" -> "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
I will output 1.
Let's double check.
"allow our immigration problem to be solved"
"problem" here means a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Yes, 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "notion" in the context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
The context refers to a general concept or idea: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem".
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (impression, feeling, belief, opinion)
2. a general inclusive concept
3. an odd or fanciful or capricious idea (whim, whimsy, whimsey)
4. (usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items

The phrase "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" refers to a general concept or idea, not a vague impression, nor a whimsical idea, nor sewing items.
Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept" fits best.
Let's double check. "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" -> a general inclusive concept.
Wait, "notion" as a general inclusive concept.
Is it sense 2? Yes.
Let's review the options.
1. vague idea
2. general inclusive concept
3. odd or fanciful idea
4. small personal articles

"This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" is a general concept.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "burden".
Context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
This means immigrants are seen as an onerous or difficult concern, a load, an encumbrance.
Sense 1: an onerous or difficult concern (load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus). Example: the burden of responsibility.
Sense 2: weight to be borne or conveyed (load, loading).
Sense 3: the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work.
Sense 4: the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse.

The context clearly refers to immigrants being an onerous or difficult concern (a load/encumbrance) on the economy and society.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "problem" in the context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
The context talks about immigration being a "burden and a problem".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

In the context, "immigration being a burden and a problem" aligns well with "a source of difficulty" (trouble).
Wait, "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" vs "a source of difficulty".
"burden and a problem" -> "burden" is a source of difficulty.
Let's check the examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
"immigration being a burden and a problem" -> "problem" here means a source of difficulty or trouble.
Let's consider "problem" as a source of difficulty (trouble).
"immigration being a burden and a problem" -> "problem" = trouble.
Sense 3: a source of difficulty. Synonyms: trouble.
Sense 1: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. Synonyms: job.
"burden and a problem" -> "burden" is a source of difficulty.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset..."
"problem" here is a noun meaning a source of difficulty.
Let's check sense 3.
Yes, "a source of difficulty" fits "burden and a problem".
Let's double check sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
"immigration being a burden and a problem" -> "problem" is parallel to "burden", which is a source of difficulty.
I'll go with 3.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms: trouble. "immigration being a burden and a trouble" makes sense.
I will output 3.