[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staffs
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "staffs" in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".
The context talks about "personal staff budgets", "personal staff involves local benefit-seeking", "personal staffing decisions".
This refers to personnel who assist their superior (the senator/legislator) in carrying out an assigned task.
Sense 1: personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task.
Sense 3: the body of teachers and administrators at a school.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "personal staffs" -> personnel.
Sense 1: sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions.
Yes, sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "offices" in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context talks about "district offices" and "Washington offices" as physical locations where staff work.
Sense 1: place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed. Synonyms: business office. Example: he rented an office in the new building.
Sense 2: an administrative unit of government. Synonyms: agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority.
Sense 3: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group.
Sense 4: holding an office means being in power.
Sense 5: professional or clerical workers in an office.
Sense 6: a religious rite or service.
Sense 7: a job in an organization.

"district offices" refers to the physical places of business where the staff is allocated. "Washington offices" also refers to physical places.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices" -> physical locations.
Sense 1: place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed.
Yes, "district offices" are places of business where professional or clerical duties are performed.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context contrasts "local" with "national" and "Washington offices". It refers to the administration or concerns of a specific district or locality (a city, town, or district) rather than a larger area (national).
Sense 1: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area. (local taxes; local authorities)
Sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood. (local customs; local schools)
Sense 3: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body. (local anesthesia)

Sense 1 fits perfectly because it explicitly mentions "district rather than a larger area", which matches the contrast between "district offices" and "national policy making" / "Washington offices".
Let's double check. "local benefit-seeking duties" in district offices. This is about the administration of a district.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index: 1.
Wait, let's look at the wording of Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
Yes, "district" is explicitly in the definition.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duties
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "duties" in the context: "where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context talks about the work or tasks that personal staffs perform, specifically "local benefit-seeking duties".
Sense 1: the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force (responsibility, obligation).
Sense 2: work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons (the duties of the job).
Sense 3: a government tax on imports or exports (tariff).

In the context, "duties" refers to the tasks or work that the personal staffs perform (local benefit-seeking duties). This aligns perfectly with Sense 2: "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons" or "the duties of the job".

Let's check the context again: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit-seeking duties matter more..."
This clearly refers to the tasks, functions, or work of the staff.
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 1 is more about the abstract concept of duty/obligation.
Sense 2 is about the specific tasks or work of a job.
Sense 3 is about taxes.

I will choose Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "national" in the context: "where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context contrasts "local" with "national".
"national policy making activities" refers to policy making that applies to or concerns the entire nation or country, as opposed to local/district concerns.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country (national hero)
2. limited to or in the interests of a particular nation (national interests)
3. concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country (the national government; national elections)
4. owned or maintained for the public by the national government (national parks)
5. inside the country (home, interior, internal)
6. characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation (a national trait)
7. of or relating to nationality (national origin)

Sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" fits "national policy making activities" perfectly, as it contrasts with local/district policy making.
Let's double check. "national policy making" -> policy making applicable to the entire nation.
Sense 3 is the best fit.
Context: "national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
Sense 3: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country.
Matches "national government", "national elections".
I will output {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "policy" in the context: "national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context discusses "national policy making" in contrast to "local benefit-seeking".
Sense 1: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
Sense 2: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
Sense 3: written contract or certificate of insurance.

"national policy making" refers to the course of action of a government (national level).
Let's check the examples for Sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation".
Wait, "policy making" is often associated with Sense 1 or Sense 2.
Let's look at Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
Is "national policy making" a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government, or a plan of action adopted by a social group (the government)?
Actually, "policy making" usually refers to the creation of a plan of action.
Wait, let's look at the context: "national policy making activities".
Is it Sense 1 or Sense 2?
"national policy making" -> making of national policy.
Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group"
Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government"
In WordNet, "policy" as in "policy making" is often Sense 1.
Let's check WordNet for "policy making".
"policy" (1) a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
"policy" (2) a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
"national policy making" -> making of a plan of action.
Let's consider "policy making" as a compound. "policy" here is Sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".
Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
"national policy making" is about making plans of action for the nation.
I will choose Sense 1.
Let's double check. "national policy making" -> "policy" = plan of action.
Yes, "policy making" is the process of formulating a plan of action.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples: "a politician keeps changing his policies".
"national policy making" -> making policies (plans of action).
I'll go with 1.
Wait, could it be 2? "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". No, "policy making" is not making a line of argument, it's making a plan of action.
So Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: making
Target surface form: making
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy <t>making</t> activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=making%1:04:00:: | definition=the act that results in something coming to be | synonyms=devising, fashioning | examples=the devising of plans; the fashioning of pots and pans
2. sense_key=making%1:07:00:: | definition=an attribute that must be met or complied with and that fits a person for something | synonyms=qualification | examples=her qualifications for the job are excellent; one of the qualifications for admission is an academic degree
3. sense_key=making%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) the components needed for making or doing something | examples=the recipe listed all the makings for a chocolate cake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "making" in the context of "national policy making activities".
The phrase is "national policy making".
Sense 1: the act that results in something coming to be (devising, fashioning). "policy making" is the act of making policy.
Sense 2: an attribute that must be met or complied with (qualification).
Sense 3: the components needed for making or doing something (makings).

"national policy making" refers to the act of making national policy.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"national policy making activities" -> activities related to the act of making national policy.
Sense 1: the act that results in something coming to be.
Yes, "making" as in "policy making" is the act of making.
Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: activity
Target surface form: activities
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making <t>activities</t> matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=activity%1:04:00:: | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
2. sense_key=activity%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=activity%1:22:00:: | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body | synonyms=bodily process, body process, bodily function | examples=respiratory activity
4. sense_key=activity%1:26:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction | examples=catalytic activity
5. sense_key=activity%1:22:01:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, action | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
6. sense_key=activity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically | synonyms=activeness | examples=the level of activity declines with age

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "activities" in the context: "...where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The context refers to "national policy making activities", which are specific behaviors or actions related to policy making.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=activity%1:04:00:: | definition=any specific behavior | examples=they avoided all recreational activity
2. sense_key=activity%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=action, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=activity%1:22:00:: | definition=an organic process that takes place in the body
4. sense_key=activity%1:26:01:: | definition=(chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction
5. sense_key=activity%1:22:01:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature
6. sense_key=activity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active; moving or acting rapidly and energetically

"national policy making activities" refers to specific behaviors or actions (policy making).
Sense 1: "any specific behavior" fits "policy making activities".
Let's double check. "policy making activities" = specific behaviors/actions of policy making.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples: "they avoided all recreational activity". "recreational activity" is similar to "policy making activity".
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relative
Target surface form: relative
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less <t>relative</t> to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=comparative | examples=a relative stranger
2. sense_key=relative%5:00:00:proportionate:00 | definition=properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' | synonyms=proportional | examples=the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime; earnings relative to production

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "relative" in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
The phrase is "relative to Washington offices".
Sense 1: estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete (comparative). Example: a relative stranger.
Sense 2: properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to' (proportional). Example: earnings relative to production.

In the context, "relative to Washington offices" means in comparison to Washington offices.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms and definitions.
Sense 1: comparative. "relative to" can mean "in comparison to".
Sense 2: proportional. "properly related in size or degree... usually followed by `to'". Example: earnings relative to production.
Is it "comparative" or "proportional"?
"where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
This means "in comparison to Washington offices".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a relative stranger".
Wait, sense 1 is "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete".
Sense 2 is "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'".
"relative to" in the text: "matter less relative to Washington offices."
Does it mean "in comparison to" or "proportional to"?
"matter less relative to Washington offices" -> "in comparison to Washington offices".
Wait, "relative to" as a prepositional phrase meaning "in comparison with" is often mapped to sense 1 (comparative) or sense 2?
Let's search WordNet for "relative to".
"relative" (adj)
1. relative, comparative - estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete; "a relative stranger"
2. relative, proportional - properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'; "the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime"; "earnings relative to production"

In the sentence: "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
This means "in comparison to Washington offices".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"relative to" meaning "in comparison with" is often sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the exact phrase: "relative to Washington offices".
If it means "in comparison to", it's sense 1.
If it means "proportional to", it's sense 2.
"matter less relative to Washington offices" -> "matter less in comparison to Washington offices".
Let's consider "relative to" as a preposition. WordNet doesn't have a preposition sense for "relative", it's an adjective.
"relative" (adj)
1. relative, comparative - estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete; "a relative stranger"
2. relative, proportional - properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'; "the punishment ought to be proportional to the crime"; "earnings relative to production"

"matter less relative to Washington offices" -> "matter less in comparison to Washington offices".
Is it sense 1? "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete".
Or sense 2? "properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'".
"matter less relative to Washington offices" -> "matter less in comparison to Washington offices".
Actually, "relative to" meaning "in comparison with" is often sense 1.
Let's check the examples. "earnings relative to production" -> proportional.
"relative to Washington offices" -> in comparison to Washington offices.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, "relative to" in the sense of "in comparison with" is sense 1.
Let's re-read carefully: "where local benefit-seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."
This means "in comparison to Washington offices".
Sense 1: estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete.
Sense 2: properly related in size or degree or other measurable characteristics; usually followed by `to'.
I'll go with 1.
Wait, "relative to" as "in comparison with" is often sense 1.
Let's think if "relative to" is sense 1. Yes, "relative" meaning "comparative".
Let's choose 1.
Wait, could it be 1? "relative to" = "in comparison to".
Yes.
Let's double check.
"relative to" -> "in comparison with".
Sense 1: estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete.
I will output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "offices" in the context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington <t>offices</t>."
The context contrasts "district offices" with "Washington offices".
These are physical places of business where professional or clerical duties are performed, specifically the physical locations where the staff works.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed (business office)
2. an administrative unit of government (agency, bureau)
3. the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group (function, role)
4. holding an office means being in power
5. professional or clerical workers in an office
6. a religious rite or service
7. a job in an organization

"district offices" and "Washington offices" refer to the physical locations or places of business where the staff is allocated.
Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" fits perfectly. "he rented an office in the new building".
Wait, could it be sense 2? "an administrative unit of government". "Washington offices" could mean the administrative units in Washington. But "district offices" usually refers to the physical location where the staff works. "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices" -> allocating staff to a physical location.
Let's re-read carefully: "allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices ... relative to Washington offices."
This refers to the physical locations (places of business).
Sense 1 is "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed".
Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
"district offices" are physical locations. "Washington offices" are physical locations.
Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check.
"allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices" -> staff are allocated to a place.
Sense 1: place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed.
Yes, "office" as a physical location.
I will choose 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: examination
Target surface form: examination
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An <t>examination</t> of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=examination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny
2. sense_key=examination%1:10:00:: | definition=a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge | synonyms=exam, test | examples=when the test was stolen the professor had to make a new set of questions
3. sense_key=examination%1:10:01:: | definition=formal systematic questioning | synonyms=interrogation, interrogatory
4. sense_key=examination%1:09:03:: | definition=a detailed inspection of your conscience (as done daily by Jesuits) | synonyms=examen
5. sense_key=examination%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of giving students or candidates a test (as by questions) to determine what they know or have learned | synonyms=testing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "examination" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
The context talks about analyzing or looking closely at changes in personal staffing decisions.
Sense 1: the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) - synonyms: scrutiny.
Sense 2: a set of questions or exercises evaluating skill or knowledge - synonyms: exam, test.
Sense 3: formal systematic questioning - synonyms: interrogation, interrogatory.
Sense 4: a detailed inspection of your conscience.
Sense 5: the act of giving students or candidates a test.

"An examination of changes" means a close look or scrutiny of changes.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions" -> scrutiny, close examination.
Sense 1: examination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) | synonyms=scrutiny.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of <t>changes</t> in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "changes" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
The context talks about an examination of changes (differences, alterations, modifications) in personal staffing decisions.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another (alteration, modification)
2. a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event
3. the action of changing something
4. the result of alteration or modification
5. the balance of money received...
6. a thing that is different
7. a different or fresh set of clothes
8. coins of small denomination
9. money received in return for its equivalent
10. a difference that is usually pleasant

"changes in personal staffing decisions" refers to the action of changing something or the result of alteration.
Wait, "changes in personal staffing decisions" - is it the action of changing (3) or the result of alteration (4) or an event (1)?
Let's check the examples for 3: "the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election"
Let's check the examples for 1: "the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse"
Let's check the examples for 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains"
"changes in personal staffing decisions" is very similar to "changes in the lining of the lungs" (result of alteration or modification).
Wait, "changes in personal staffing decisions" could be "the action of changing something" (3) or "the result of alteration or modification" (4).
Let's re-read 4: "the result of alteration or modification" -> "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"
Let's re-read 3: "the action of changing something" -> "the change of government had no impact on the economy"
"changes in personal staffing decisions" - is it the action or the result?
"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions" -> examining the differences/results of the alterations.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another"
Let's look at sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification"
Is there a better fit?
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> "changes" as in "differences" or "modifications".
Let's consider "change%1:11:00::" (1) vs "change%1:19:00::" (4).
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" (4).
Wait, "changes in personal staffing decisions" could be "the action of changing something" (3).
Let's search for "changes in" in WordNet.
"changes in the lining of the lungs" is sense 4.
"changes in personal staffing decisions" - staffing decisions are modified, so the changes are the results of these modifications.
Let's look at sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification"
Let's look at sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another"
Let's look at sense 2: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event"
"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions" -> examining the differences between states before and after? Or the modifications themselves?
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> modifications.
Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" -> "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"
Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" -> "the change was intended to increase sales"
I think sense 4 is the best fit for "changes in [something]".
Wait, "changes in personal staffing decisions" could be sense 4.
Let's check sense 4 again. "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"
"changes in personal staffing decisions"
What about sense 1? "the change was intended to increase sales"
What about sense 3? "the action of changing something" -> "the change of government"
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> the modifications made to personal staffing decisions.
I will go with 4.
Let's double check.
"An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987"
This refers to the modifications or alterations made.
Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification"
Synonyms for 4: none listed, but examples are "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs".
Yes, "changes in [noun]" often maps to sense 4.
Let's consider sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another".
"changes in personal staffing decisions" - is it an event? No, it's the result of the alteration.
I'll choose 4.
Wait, let's look at sense 4 again. "the result of alteration or modification".
Is "changes in personal staffing decisions" the result? Yes, the new staffing decisions are the result of the alteration.
Let's consider sense 1. "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another".
I think 4 is the most appropriate.
Let's review the options.
1. change%1:11:00::
2. change%1:24:00::
3. change%1:04:00::
4. change%1:19:00::
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> "changes" = modifications.
I will output 4.
Wait, let's look at "change%1:11:00::" (1). "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another".
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> the modifications themselves.
I'll go with 4.
Let's re-read the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
This means examining the modifications made to personal staffing decisions.
Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification".
I am confident in 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in <t>personal</t> staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" in the context of "personal staff" and "personal staffing decisions".
The context discusses "personal staff" of legislators, which refers to staff members who work directly for a particular individual (the legislator), as opposed to committee staff or other resources.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (a personal favor; for your personal use)
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality (personal magnetism)
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (personal hygiene)
5. indicating grammatical person (personal verb endings)

Wait, "personal staff" means staff particular to a given individual (the legislator).
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This fits "personal staff" (staff particular to a given individual legislator, as opposed to committee staff).
Let's re-read sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". "personal staff" is not about private life, but about the staff assigned to a specific individual.
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This perfectly matches "personal staff" (staff of a particular individual).
Let's check the examples or definitions.
"personal staff" -> staff particular to a given individual.
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality"
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual"

Let's look at the context: "personal staff involves local benefit-seeking", "personal staffing decisions", "personal staffing differences". This is staff particular to a given individual (the legislator), as opposed to committee staff.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality.
Sense 2: particular to a given individual.
"personal staff" = staff particular to a given individual.
Yes, sense 2.
Wait, let's consider if "personal" in "personal staff" means "particular to a given individual". Yes, "personal staff" is staff assigned to a specific person.
I will choose sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decisions
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing <t>decisions</t> in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "decisions" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987..."
The context talks about choices or acts of making up one's mind about personal staffing.
Sense 1: the act of making up your mind about something (determination, conclusion). Example: the burden of decision was his.
Sense 2: a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration. Example: a decision unfavorable to the opposition.
Sense 3: (boxing) a victory won on points.
Sense 4: the outcome of a game or contest.
Sense 5: the trait of resoluteness.

"staffing decisions" refers to the act of making up one's mind about staffing, or the choices made.
Wait, "staffing decisions" means the choices or judgments reached after consideration, or the act of making up one's mind.
Let's look at Sense 1: "the act of making up your mind about something".
Sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration".
Is "staffing decisions" the act of making up your mind, or the judgment reached?
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> changes in the choices made regarding personal staffing.
"decision" as a choice or judgment reached after consideration.
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly".
Sense 2: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account".
Actually, "staffing decisions" usually refers to the choices made (the judgments reached).
Wait, "decision" in "staffing decisions" is often Sense 1 (the act of making up your mind) or Sense 2 (a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration).
Let's consider "decision" as "a choice or judgment".
In WordNet, "decision" sense 1 is "the act of making up your mind about something".
Sense 2 is "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration".
"staffing decisions" = the judgments/choices reached.
Let's look at similar phrases: "policy decisions", "staffing decisions". These are usually Sense 1 or Sense 2.
Wait, "decision" as "a choice" is often Sense 1 or Sense 2.
Let's check WordNet:
decision%1:04:00:: the act of making up your mind about something
decision%1:09:00:: a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration
"staffing decisions" -> the choices made. "changes in personal staffing decisions" -> changes in the choices made.
Is it the act of making up your mind, or the judgment reached?
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> changes in the choices (judgments) made.
Let's search for "staffing decisions" in WordNet or similar corpora.
Actually, "decision" meaning "a choice" is often mapped to Sense 1 or Sense 2.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: determination, conclusion
Sense 2: determination, conclusion
Wait, "decision" as in "make a decision" is Sense 1. "a decision" is Sense 2.
"staffing decisions" -> plural, so it's countable. "a decision" is countable. Sense 1 is "the act of making up your mind", which is usually uncountable, but can be countable? "the burden of decision" is uncountable.
Sense 2 is "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration", which is countable: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition".
"staffing decisions" are countable choices/judgments. So Sense 2 is more likely.
Let's re-read Sense 1: "the act of making up your mind about something".
Sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration".
"changes in personal staffing decisions" -> changes in the judgments/choices reached.
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "staffing decisions" = choices. Choice is a judgment reached.
Yes, Sense 2.
Wait, let's consider Sense 1. "the act of making up your mind about something". Can it be plural? "decisions" as acts of making up one's mind? Yes, "he made several decisions".
But "a decision unfavorable to the opposition" is a judgment. "staffing decisions" are the specific choices/judgments made about staffing.
I will go with Sense 2.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration
"staffing decisions" -> the judgments reached.
I'll output 2.
Wait, let's think if "decision" in "staffing decisions" could be Sense 1. "the act of making up your mind". "changes in personal staffing decisions" -> changes in the acts of making up one's mind? No, changes in the choices/judgments themselves.
So Sense 2 is better.
Let's confirm.
"decision" (noun)
1. the act of making up your mind about something
2. a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration
"staffing decisions" -> judgments reached.
I will choose 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: control
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when <t>control</t> of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%1:07:00:: | definition=power to direct or determine | examples=under control
2. sense_key=control%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of constraint of one entity (thing or person or group) by another | examples=measures for the control of disease; they instituted controls over drinking on campus
3. sense_key=control%1:04:02:: | definition=(physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc | examples=the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired; he had lost control of his sphincters
4. sense_key=control%1:09:02:: | definition=a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment | synonyms=control condition | examples=the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw
5. sense_key=control%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of managing or exerting control over something | examples=the control of the mob by the police was admirable
6. sense_key=control%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that exists when one person or group has power over another | synonyms=dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency | examples=her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her
7. sense_key=control%1:07:01:: | definition=discipline in personal and social activities | synonyms=restraint | examples=he was a model of polite restraint; she never lost control of herself
8. sense_key=control%1:09:01:: | definition=great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity | synonyms=command, mastery | examples=a good command of French
9. sense_key=control%1:06:00:: | definition=a mechanism that controls the operation of a machine | synonyms=controller | examples=the speed controller on his turntable was not working properly; I turned the controls over to her
10. sense_key=control%1:18:00:: | definition=a spiritual agency that is assumed to assist the medium during a seance
11. sense_key=control%1:10:00:: | definition=the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc. | examples=they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "control" in the context: "...when control of that body changed party hands..."
The context is about political control, specifically which party has power over the Senate ("that body").
Sense 1: power to direct or determine (under control)
Sense 6: the state that exists when one person or group has power over another (dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency)
Let's look at Sense 1 vs Sense 6.
"control of that body changed party hands" -> one group (party) has power over another (the body).
Sense 6: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" synonyms: dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency.
Wait, let's look at Sense 1: "power to direct or determine".
Is it Sense 1 or Sense 6?
"control of that body changed party hands"
"control" here means the state of having power over the body.
Let's check the examples for Sense 6: "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "under control"
Wait, "control of that body" -> power to direct or determine? Or state that exists when one group has power over another?
Actually, "control" in political contexts often maps to "power to direct or determine" or "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
Let's consider "control" as "power to direct or determine" (Sense 1).
Or "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another" (Sense 6).
"control of that body changed party hands" -> the state of having power over the body.
Let's look at similar examples. "control of the Senate" -> dominance, ascendency.
Wait, let's look at Sense 1: "power to direct or determine".
Let's look at Sense 6: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
"control of that body changed party hands" -> the state that exists when one group has power over another.
Let's search for "control of that body changed party hands".
Is it Sense 1 or Sense 6?
"control" (noun)
1. power to direct or determine
6. the state that exists when one person or group has power over another
In WordNet, "control" meaning "dominance" or "ascendancy" is sense 6.
"control of the Senate" -> dominance.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"control of that body changed party hands"
"control" = the state that exists when one person or group has power over another.
Synonyms: dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency.
Yes, "control of the Senate" is a classic example of dominance/ascendancy.
Let's double check Sense 1: "power to direct or determine". Example: "under control".
Sense 6 fits "changed party hands" perfectly, as it's about one group having power over another.
Let's review the definition of Sense 6: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another".
"control of that body" -> the state that exists when one group (the party) has power over another (the body).
I will choose Sense 6.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "when control of that body changed party hands"
"control" here is the state of having power over the body.
Sense 6: "the state that exists when one person or group has power over another"
Synonyms: dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency.
This perfectly matches "control of that body changed party hands".
Let's consider Sense 1: "power to direct or determine".
Is "control" in "control of the Senate" Sense 1 or 6?
In WordNet, "control" as in "control of the company" or "control of the government" is often Sense 6 (dominance).
Let's check WordNet for "control".
Sense 6: the state that exists when one person or group has power over another.
I'll go with 6.
Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "power to direct or determine".
Could it be 1? "under control" is the only example.
Sense 6 has "dominance, ascendance, ascendence, ascendancy, ascendency".
"control of that body" -> dominance of that body.
Yes, 6 is the best fit.
Let's confirm.
"control of that body changed party hands" -> the state of having power over the body.
I will output 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: body
Target surface form: body
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=body%1:08:00:: | definition=the entire structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being) | synonyms=organic structure, physical structure | examples=he felt as if his whole body were on fire
2. sense_key=body%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity | examples=the whole body filed out of the auditorium; the student body
3. sense_key=body%1:08:02:: | definition=a natural object consisting of a dead animal or person | synonyms=dead body | examples=they found the body in the lake
4. sense_key=body%1:17:00:: | definition=an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects | examples=heavenly body
5. sense_key=body%1:08:01:: | definition=the body excluding the head and neck and limbs | synonyms=torso, trunk | examples=they moved their arms and legs and bodies
6. sense_key=body%1:14:02:: | definition=a collection of particulars considered as a system | examples=a body of law; a body of doctrine
7. sense_key=body%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of holding together and retaining its shape | synonyms=consistency, consistence, eubstance | examples=wool has more body than rayon; when the dough has enough consistency it is ready to bake
8. sense_key=body%1:10:00:: | definition=the central message of a communication | examples=the body of the message was short
9. sense_key=body%1:07:01:: | definition=the main mass of a thing
10. sense_key=body%1:06:01:: | definition=a resonating chamber in a musical instrument (as the body of a violin) | synonyms=soundbox
11. sense_key=body%1:06:00:: | definition=the external structure of a vehicle | examples=the body of the car was badly rusted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "body" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that <t>body</t> changed party hands -RRB-..."
The context refers to the Senate, which is a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. organic structure
2. a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity (e.g., the student body, the whole body filed out of the auditorium)
3. dead body
4. 3-dimensional object
5. torso
6. collection of particulars considered as a system (body of law)
7. consistency
8. central message
9. main mass
10. resonating chamber
11. external structure of a vehicle

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "a group of persons associated by some common tie or occupation and regarded as an entity". The Senate is a legislative body.
Therefore, the sense index is 2.
Double check: "when control of that body changed party hands" -> the Senate is a body of persons (senators).
Sense 2 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: party
Target surface form: party
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=party%1:14:01:: | definition=an organization to gain political power | synonyms=political party | examples=in 1992 Perot tried to organize a third party at the national level
2. sense_key=party%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people gathered together for pleasure | examples=she joined the party after dinner
3. sense_key=party%1:14:02:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=company | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
4. sense_key=party%1:11:00:: | definition=an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment | examples=he planned a party to celebrate Bastille Day
5. sense_key=party%1:18:00:: | definition=a person involved in legal proceedings | examples=the party of the first part

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "party" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed <t>party</t> hands -RRB-..."
The phrase is "changed party hands", meaning control changed from one political party to another.
Sense 1: an organization to gain political power (political party).
Sense 2: a group of people gathered together for pleasure.
Sense 3: a band of people associated temporarily in some activity.
Sense 4: an occasion on which people can assemble for social interaction and entertainment.
Sense 5: a person involved in legal proceedings.

The context is about political parties (Democrats, Republicans). "changed party hands" refers to the political party.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "changed party hands" -> control of the body changed from one political party to another.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reveal
Target surface form: reveals
Context:
To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, <t>reveals</t> that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reveal%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible | synonyms=uncover, bring out, unveil | examples=Summer brings out bright clothes; He brings out the best in her
2. sense_key=reveal%2:32:00:: | definition=make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret | synonyms=unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose | examples=The auction house would not disclose the price at which the van Gogh had sold; The actress won't reveal how old she is
3. sense_key=reveal%2:39:04:: | definition=disclose directly or through prophets | examples=God rarely reveal his plans for Mankind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "reveals" in the context: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
The context is about an examination (of data/changes) making known or showing a fact (that the differences cannot be attributed to disproportionate control).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. make visible (uncover, bring out, unveil) - e.g., Summer brings out bright clothes.
2. make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret (unwrap, disclose, let on, bring out, discover, expose) - e.g., The auction house would not disclose the price...
3. disclose directly or through prophets - e.g., God rarely reveal his plans...

Wait, is there a sense for "show" or "indicate"?
Let's re-read the candidates.
Candidate 2: "make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret" -> synonyms: disclose, expose, discover. "An examination ... reveals that..." -> this is disclosing or making known a fact.
Wait, let's check if there's any other sense. The prompt only gives 3 candidate senses.
Sense 1: make visible.
Sense 2: make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret.
Sense 3: disclose directly or through prophets.

In the context, "reveals" means "discloses" or "makes known" a fact. "An examination ... reveals that..." fits sense 2 best among the choices, as it's about disclosing information (even if not strictly a "secret", it's making known information that was previously unknown or hidden in the data).
Let's double check if there's any other sense. The prompt only provides 3 candidate senses.
Sense 2 is the most appropriate. "disclose" is a synonym. "An examination ... discloses that..."

Let's read the context again: "An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 ... reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise..."
This is disclosing information.
Therefore, sense 2.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.