[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: beneficiary
Target surface form: beneficiaries
Context:
In recent months, researchers have come to believe the two types of cancer genes work in concert: An oncogene may turn proliferating cells malignant only after the tumor-suppressor gene has been damaged. Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first <t>beneficiaries</t> of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=beneficiary%1:18:00:: | definition=the recipient of funds or other benefits | synonyms=donee
2. sense_key=beneficiary%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=benefactive role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "beneficiaries" (lemma: beneficiary).
Context: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings."
Meaning: They are the recipients of the benefits from the new findings (genetic tests, predictive cancer diagnosis).
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=beneficiary%1:18:00:: | definition=the recipient of funds or other benefits | synonyms=donee
2. sense_key=beneficiary%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of the intended recipient who benefits from the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=benefactive role

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "the recipient of funds or other benefits". The Quinlans are recipients of the benefits of the new findings.
Sense 2 is a semantic role, which is too abstract and not the intended meaning here.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
In recent months, researchers have come to believe the two types of cancer genes work in concert: An oncogene may turn proliferating cells malignant only after the tumor-suppressor gene has been damaged. Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the <t>new</t> findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings."
The context talks about "emerging genetic tests" and "new findings" (recently discovered or made).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar

"new findings" means findings that have just been discovered or made.
Sense 1: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"
This perfectly matches "new findings".

Let's double check.
"new findings" -> recently discovered.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 1 index is 1.
End of thought.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finding
Target surface form: findings
Context:
In recent months, researchers have come to believe the two types of cancer genes work in concert: An oncogene may turn proliferating cells malignant only after the tumor-suppressor gene has been damaged. Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new <t>findings</t>. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "findings" in the context: "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings."
The context discusses researchers coming to believe something about cancer genes, genetic tests, and scientific discoveries.
"findings" here refers to the results or discoveries of research.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. finding%1:04:00:: - the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation (determination)
2. finding%1:04:01:: - the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. finding%1:17:00:: - something that is found (e.g., the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings)

Wait, "new findings" refers to the discoveries or things that are found (the results of the research).
Sense 3: "something that is found" - examples: "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract...", "archaeological findings". This matches "new findings" (new discoveries/results).
Sense 1 is the *act* of determining. "beneficiaries of the new findings" -> beneficiaries of the new things that are found (the discoveries), not the act of determining.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "findings" as in research findings.
Sense 3: "something that is found".
Yes, "new findings" = new discoveries.
I will choose sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: couple
Target surface form: couple
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., <t>couple</t> knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=couple%1:14:00:: | definition=a pair who associate with one another | synonyms=twosome, duo, duet | examples=the engaged couple; an inseparable twosome
2. sense_key=couple%1:14:01:: | definition=a pair of people who live together | synonyms=mates, match | examples=a married couple from Chicago
3. sense_key=couple%1:23:01:: | definition=a small indefinite number | examples=he's coming for a couple of days
4. sense_key=couple%1:23:00:: | definition=two items of the same kind | synonyms=pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke
5. sense_key=couple%1:17:00:: | definition=(physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces that act along parallel lines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "couple".
Context: "The Dedham, Mass., <t>couple</t> knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The context refers to Bill and Bonnie Quinlan, who are a married pair living together.
Sense 1: a pair who associate with one another (twosome, duo, duet) - e.g., the engaged couple.
Sense 2: a pair of people who live together (mates, match) - e.g., a married couple from Chicago.
Sense 3: a small indefinite number.
Sense 4: two items of the same kind.
Sense 5: (physics) something joined by two equal and opposite forces.

Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are a married couple. "a married couple from Chicago" is the example for sense 2.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987..."
They are a married couple.
Sense 2: a pair of people who live together.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple <t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "knew" (lemma: know).
Context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The couple was aware of a fact or specific piece of information (that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (I know that the President lied to the people)
2. know how to do or perform something.
3. be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (I know that I left the key on the table)
Wait, sense 1 is "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about".
Sense 3 is "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt".
In the context, "knew ... that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk". This is being aware of a fact or specific piece of information.
Let's look at the examples for sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!"
Examples for sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
"be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" (sense 1)
"be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" (sense 3)
The couple knew a fact (50% chance). They possessed this information.
Let's consider "know%2:31:01::" (sense 1) vs "know%2:31:02::" (sense 3).
Actually, "know that" is often sense 1.
Let's check WordNet:
know%2:31:01:: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about
know%2:31:02:: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt
In this context, they "knew ... that any child of theirs had a 50% chance". This is possessing knowledge or information about a fact.
Let's look at similar examples. "I know that the President lied to the people" -> sense 1.
"Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" -> sense 3.
Is "knew that any child of theirs had a 50% chance" more like "possess knowledge or information about" or "regard as true beyond any doubt"?
They had the information (from genetic tests or family history). "possess knowledge or information about" fits perfectly.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
This is knowing a fact. Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about".
I will go with sense 1.
Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about.
Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt.
The couple knew a specific piece of information (the 50% chance). So sense 1 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 1 is "know%2:31:01::".
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew <t>even</t> before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "even" in the context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew <t>even</t> before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The word "even" here is used to indicate something unexpected or surprising, emphasizing that they knew this *before* she became pregnant.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

"knew even before" -> "even" is used as an intensive to indicate something unexpected (that they knew it *before* she became pregnant, which is earlier than one might expect).
Wait, "even before" is a common collocation. Does it mean "in spite of" (sense 2)? No, "even before" means "as early as", emphasizing the early time.
Let's look at sense 1: "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected". "even before" fits this, as it emphasizes the surprising earliness.
Let's look at sense 1 examples: "even an idiot knows that", "declined even to consider the idea".
Is there another sense?
What about "even before" as "to the full extent"? No.
Let's consider sense 1. "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected". Knowing before pregnancy is unexpected or surprising.
Let's check sense 1 again. "even before" is an intensive.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"even before" -> intensive to indicate something unexpected.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's read the context again: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk..."
This emphasizes the surprising fact that they knew it *before* she became pregnant.
Sense 1: used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected.
Sense 2: in spite of; notwithstanding. (e.g., even when he is sick). "even before" doesn't mean "in spite of before".
Sense 3: to a greater degree or extent. (e.g., even worse).
Sense 4: to the full extent. (e.g., loyal even unto death).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The sense index is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "before".
Context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The word "before" here means "earlier in time; previously".
Candidate sense 1: sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
Candidate sense 2: sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

The context clearly refers to time ("before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987").
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie <t>became</t> pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "became" (lemma: become).
Context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The phrase is "became pregnant".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

"became pregnant" means entering or assuming a certain state or condition (pregnant).
Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" (synonyms: go, get). "got pregnant" or "went pregnant" (though "got" is more common).
Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" (synonyms: turn).
Sense 1 fits "became pregnant" perfectly, as it means entering a state (pregnancy).

Let's check the examples for sense 1: "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious". "became pregnant" is analogous to "became annoyed" (entering a state).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Double check:
1. enter or assume a certain state or condition
2. undergo a change or development
3. come into existence
4. enhance the appearance of

"became pregnant" -> entered the state of pregnancy.
Sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pregnant
Target surface form: pregnant
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pregnant%3:00:00:: | definition=carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:meaningful:00 | definition=rich in significance or implication | synonyms=meaning, significant | examples=a meaning look
3. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:full:00 | definition=filled with or attended with | synonyms=fraught | examples=words fraught with meaning; an incident fraught with danger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "pregnant".
Context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The context clearly refers to a woman carrying a developing offspring (child).
Sense 1: carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life.
Sense 2: rich in significance or implication.
Sense 3: filled with or attended with.

Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: child
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any <t>child</t> of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "child" in the context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The context refers to a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age, specifically a potential offspring of the couple.
Sense 1: a young person of either sex.
Sense 2: a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age.
Sense 3: an immature childish person.
Sense 4: a member of a clan or tribe.

The context says "any child of theirs", which clearly means offspring.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college".
Yes, "child of theirs" = offspring.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chance
Target surface form: chance
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% <t>chance</t> of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chance%1:26:00:: | definition=a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances | synonyms=opportunity | examples=the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington; now is your chance
2. sense_key=chance%1:19:00:: | definition=an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another | synonyms=luck, fortune, hazard | examples=bad luck caused his downfall; we ran into each other by pure chance
3. sense_key=chance%1:04:00:: | definition=a risk involving danger | examples=you take a chance when you let her drive
4. sense_key=chance%1:07:00:: | definition=a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible | synonyms=probability | examples=the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5
5. sense_key=chance%1:26:01:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=prospect | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "chance" in the context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
The phrase is "50% chance".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. opportunity
2. luck, fortune, hazard
3. risk involving danger
4. a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible (probability)
5. prospect

"50% chance" clearly refers to a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur, i.e., probability.
Sense 4 matches perfectly: "a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible".
Synonyms: probability.
Examples: "the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5"

Therefore, sense 4 is the best fit.
Double check:
"50% chance" -> probability.
Sense 4 is the correct one.
Output format: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "eye" in the context: "retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
The context clearly refers to the organ of sight, as retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye.
Sense 1: "the organ of sight" (synonyms: oculus, optic).
Sense 2: "good discernment"
Sense 3: "attention to what is seen"
Sense 4: "an area that is approximately central within some larger region"
Sense 5: "a small hole or loop"

The best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye <t>cancer</t> that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context.
Context: "...an eye <t>cancer</t> that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
The context is clearly talking about a malignant growth or tumor (retinoblastoma, an eye cancer).
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division...
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation...
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac...
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

The best sense is 1.
I need to return a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.
No hedging.
Only the JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occur
Target surface form: occurs
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that <t>occurs</t> about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occur%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
2. sense_key=occur%2:31:00:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=come | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
3. sense_key=occur%2:42:03:: | definition=to be found to exist | examples=sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "occurs" in the context: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
The context describes the frequency or happening of an event (an eye cancer).
Sense 1: come to pass (happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out). Example: What is happening? The meeting took place off without an incidence.
Sense 2: come to one's mind; suggest itself.
Sense 3: to be found to exist. Example: sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil.

Wait, "occurs about once every 20,000 births" means it happens or takes place.
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
"occur" meaning "happen" (sense 1) vs "be found to exist" (sense 3).
"an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births" -> it happens.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "What is happening?", "The meeting took place off without an incidence".
Sense 3: "sexism occurs in many workplaces", "precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil".
In the context, "occurs about once every 20,000 births" refers to the event of the cancer happening or taking place.
Wait, "occur" as in "happen" is sense 1.
Let's see: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
Does it mean "happen" or "be found to exist"?
"occur" meaning "happen" is sense 1.
"occur" meaning "be found to exist" is sense 3.
"an eye cancer that happens about once every 20,000 births."
Yes, "happen" fits perfectly.
Let's double check.
"occur" (happen) -> sense 1.
"occur" (be found to exist) -> sense 3.
"an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births" -> it happens.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out.
"an eye cancer that happens about once every 20,000 births."
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the prompt: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
So {"sense_index": 1}.
Let's consider if "occur" in "occurs about once every 20,000 births" is sense 1.
Yes, "happen" is the exact synonym.
"an eye cancer that happens about once every 20,000 births."
I am confident it is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs <t>about</t> once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "about" in the context: "an eye cancer that occurs <t>about</t> once every 20,000 births."
The word "about" here modifies "once every 20,000 births", indicating an approximate quantity or frequency.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct", synonyms: approximately, roughly. "about once every 20,000 births" means approximately once every 20,000 births.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "once" in the context: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
The meaning is "on one occasion" or "one time".
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

"once every 20,000 births" means "one time every 20,000 births".
This matches sense 1: "on one occasion" / "one time".

Let's double check.
"occurs about once every 20,000 births" -> one time.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense 2 is "as soon as".
Sense 3 is "formerly".

Therefore, sense 1.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: birth
Target surface form: births
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 <t>births</t>. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life) | examples=they divorced after the birth of the child; his election signaled the birth of a new age
2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born | synonyms=nativity, nascency, nascence | examples=they celebrated the birth of their first child
3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth | synonyms=parturition, giving birth, birthing
4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents | synonyms=parentage
5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "births" in the context: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."
The context talks about the incidence rate of retinoblastoma, an eye cancer, which occurs once every 20,000 births.
This refers to a baby born; an offspring.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. the time when something begins (especially life)
2. the event of being born
3. the process of giving birth
4. the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents
5. a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births

The example for sense 5 is "the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births", which perfectly matches "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births".
Therefore, sense 5 is the best match.
Checking the exact index: 5.
Output format: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "knew" (lemma: know).
Context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."
He is aware of the fact that he carried a damaged gene.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. (I know that the President lied...)
2. know how to do or perform something.
3. be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt. (I know that I left the key on the table)
4. be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object.
5. have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations.
6. accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority.
7. have fixed in the mind.
8. have sexual intercourse with.
9. know the nature or character of.
10. be able to distinguish, recognize as being different.
11. perceive as familiar.

Wait, sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"

"Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene..."
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!"
Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"

Actually, "knew he carried a damaged gene" is being aware of a fact or specific piece of information.
Let's check the examples. "I know that I left the key on the table" (Sense 3). "I know that the President lied to the people" (Sense 1).
Wait, "knew he carried a damaged gene" is a fact.
Let's look at the distinction between 1 and 3.
Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about.
Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt.

In WordNet, "know" (verb)
1. know, cognize, cognise - be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; "I know that the President lied to the people"; "I want to know who is winning the game!"
3. know - be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt; "I know that I left the key on the table"; "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"

Is "knew he carried a damaged gene" sense 1 or 3?
He knew it because he lost an eye to the rare tumor. So he is aware of the truth of it, or he possesses the information.
Actually, sense 1 is "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information".
Sense 3 is "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt".
"Mr. Quinlan ... knew he carried a damaged gene" -> he was aware of this fact.
Let's consider "know" as "be aware of the truth of something".
Wait, sense 1 is often used for "know that [clause]".
Let's search for "knew he carried" or similar.
"know" + that-clause.
In WordNet, sense 1 is "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information".
Sense 3 is "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt".
Is there a difference?
"I know that I left the key on the table" -> truth of something.
"I know that the President lied" -> fact or specific piece of information.
"Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene" -> fact or specific piece of information.
Let's look at sense 1 vs 3.
Sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people"
Sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table"
Both are "know that".
But "knew he carried a damaged gene" is a fact.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
"Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene" - he possessed this knowledge/information.
I will go with 1.
Let's double check if there's any other.
"know" (verb)
1. know, cognize, cognise
3. know
Is it 1? Yes, "possess knowledge or information about". He possessed the information that he carried a damaged gene.
Let's consider 1.
Wait, "knew he carried a damaged gene" -> he was aware of the fact.
I'll select 1.
Let's review the examples for 1: "I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!"
Examples for 3: "I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"
"Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene" is more like "I know that I left the key on the table" (personal fact/truth) or "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" (truth).
Wait, "knew he carried a damaged gene" is a fact about himself.
But "possess knowledge or information about" fits perfectly.
Let's choose 1.
Wait, let's look at the phrasing: "knew he carried a damaged gene".
Is it 1 or 3?
In many WSD datasets, "know" + that-clause is often sense 1.
Let's choose 1.
Let's reconsider 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt".
Does he "regard as true beyond any doubt"? Yes, because he lost an eye to the tumor.
But "possess knowledge or information about" is more neutral and fits "knew he carried a damaged gene".
I will use 1.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"know" (verb)
1. be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about
I'll go with 1.
Wait, "knew he carried a damaged gene" -> he was aware of the fact.
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry
Target surface form: carried
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he <t>carried</t> a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry%2:35:02:: | definition=move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body | synonyms=transport | examples=You must carry your camping gear; carry the suitcases to the car
2. sense_key=carry%2:42:01:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=pack, take | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=carry%2:38:03:: | definition=transmit or serve as the medium for transmission | synonyms=impart, conduct, transmit, convey, channel | examples=Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound
4. sense_key=carry%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a means for expressing something | synonyms=convey, express | examples=The painting of Mary carries motherly love; His voice carried a lot of anger
5. sense_key=carry%2:35:09:: | definition=bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of | examples=His efforts carried the entire project; How many credits is this student carrying?
6. sense_key=carry%2:35:01:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=hold, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
7. sense_key=carry%2:42:03:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
8. sense_key=carry%2:41:00:: | definition=extend to a certain degree | examples=carry too far; She carries her ideas to the extreme
9. sense_key=carry%2:30:05:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=extend | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
10. sense_key=carry%2:42:02:: | definition=be necessarily associated with or result in or involve | examples=This crime carries a penalty of five years in prison
11. sense_key=carry%2:33:01:: | definition=win in an election | examples=The senator carried his home state
12. sense_key=carry%2:31:12:: | definition=include, as on a list | examples=How many people are carried on the payroll?
13. sense_key=carry%2:41:01:: | definition=behave in a certain manner | synonyms=behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport | examples=She carried herself well; he bore himself with dignity
14. sense_key=carry%2:40:00:: | definition=have on hand | synonyms=stock, stockpile | examples=Do you carry kerosene heaters?
15. sense_key=carry%2:36:00:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=run | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
16. sense_key=carry%2:35:08:: | definition=propel, | synonyms=dribble | examples=Carry the ball; dribble the ball
17. sense_key=carry%2:32:07:: | definition=pass on a communication | examples=The news was carried to every village in the province
18. sense_key=carry%2:42:13:: | definition=have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence | examples=This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate
19. sense_key=carry%2:42:15:: | definition=be conveyed over a certain distance | examples=Her voice carries very well in this big opera house
20. sense_key=carry%2:42:14:: | definition=keep up with financial support | examples=The Federal Government carried the province for many years
21. sense_key=carry%2:42:12:: | definition=have or possess something abstract | examples=I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave
22. sense_key=carry%2:42:08:: | definition=be equipped with (a mast or sail) | examples=This boat can only carry a small sail
23. sense_key=carry%2:41:02:: | definition=win approval or support for | synonyms=persuade, sway | examples=Carry all before one; His speech did not sway the voters
24. sense_key=carry%2:41:06:: | definition=compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance | examples=I resent having to carry her all the time
25. sense_key=carry%2:41:12:: | definition=take further or advance | examples=carry a cause
26. sense_key=carry%2:40:10:: | definition=have on the surface or on the skin | examples=carry scars
27. sense_key=carry%2:40:04:: | definition=capture after a fight | examples=The troops carried the town after a brief fight
28. sense_key=carry%2:40:13:: | definition=transfer (entries) from one account book to another | synonyms=post
29. sense_key=carry%2:38:10:: | definition=transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder) to the next column or unit's place before or after, in addition or multiplication | examples=put down 5 and carry 2
30. sense_key=carry%2:38:07:: | definition=pursue a line of scent or be a bearer | examples=the dog was taught to fetch and carry
31. sense_key=carry%2:36:08:: | definition=bear (a crop) | examples=this land does not carry olives
32. sense_key=carry%2:35:12:: | definition=propel or give impetus to | examples=The sudden gust of air propelled the ball to the other side of the fence
33. sense_key=carry%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=hold | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
34. sense_key=carry%2:34:01:: | definition=be able to feed | examples=This land will carry ten cows to the acre
35. sense_key=carry%2:33:04:: | definition=have a certain range | examples=This rifle carries for 3,000 feet
36. sense_key=carry%2:33:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance or advance beyond | examples=The drive carried to the green
37. sense_key=carry%2:33:02:: | definition=secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions) | examples=The motion carried easily
38. sense_key=carry%2:33:12:: | definition=be successful in | examples=She lost the game but carried the match
39. sense_key=carry%2:32:00:: | definition=sing or play against other voices or parts | examples=He cannot carry a tune
40. sense_key=carry%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, gestate, expect | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "carried" in the context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."
The context is about having a damaged gene within oneself.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. move while supporting
2. have with oneself; have on one's person
3. transmit or serve as the medium for transmission
4. serve as a means for expressing something
5. bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure, or responsibility of
6. support or hold in a certain manner
7. contain or hold; have within (synonyms: hold, bear, contain) - examples: The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water.
Wait, let's look at sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Is there a better sense for "carrying a gene"?
Let's check sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Let's check sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person".
Let's check sense 12: "include, as on a list".
Let's check sense 18: "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence".
Let's check sense 21: "have or possess something abstract".
Wait, "carry a gene" means to have it within one's genetic makeup.
Let's look at sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Let's look at sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person".
Let's look at sense 7 again. "The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water."
What about "carry a gene"?
Is there a specific sense for "carry a gene"?
Let's search for "carry" in WordNet.
"carry a gene" -> "contain or hold; have within" (sense 7)?
Or maybe "have or possess something abstract" (sense 21)?
Or "have with oneself; have on one's person" (sense 2)?
Let's consider "carry a damaged gene".
In WordNet, "carry" meaning "contain or hold; have within" (sense 7) has synonyms: hold, bear, contain.
Wait, let's look at sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Is there a sense for "carry a gene"?
Let's check sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Let's check sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person".
Let's check sense 18: "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence".
Let's check sense 21: "have or possess something abstract".
Let's check sense 7 again. "contain or hold; have within".
Actually, "carry a gene" is often mapped to "contain or hold; have within" or "have or possess something abstract".
Wait, let's look at the exact WordNet entry for "carry".
carry v
1. transport
2. pack, take
3. impart, conduct, transmit, convey, channel
4. convey, express
5. bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure, or responsibility of
6. hold, bear
7. hold, bear, contain (contain or hold; have within) -> "The jar carries wine"
8. extend to a certain degree
9. extend
10. be necessarily associated with or result in or involve
11. win in an election
12. include, as on a list
13. behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport
14. stock, stockpile
15. run
16. dribble
17. pass on a communication
18. have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence
19. be conveyed over a certain distance
20. keep up with financial support
21. have or possess something abstract -> "I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave"
22. be equipped with (a mast or sail)
23. persuade, sway
24. compensate for a weaker partner
25. take further or advance
26. have on the surface or on the skin -> "carry scars"
27. capture after a fight
28. post
29. transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder)
30. pursue a line of scent or be a bearer
31. bear (a crop)
32. propel or give impetus to
33. hold
34. be able to feed
35. have a certain range
36. cover a certain distance or advance beyond
37. secure the passage or adoption
38. be successful in
39. sing or play against other voices or parts
40. be pregnant with

Wait, "carry a gene" -> "contain or hold; have within" (7) or "have or possess something abstract" (21)?
Or maybe "have with oneself; have on one's person" (2)?
Let's search for "carry a gene" in WordNet examples.
No, "carry a gene" is not an example.
But "carry" meaning "contain or hold; have within" (7) is often used for "carry a gene" or "carry a virus".
Wait, "carry a virus" -> "contain or hold; have within"?
Let's check sense 7: "contain or hold; have within".
Let's check sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person".
Let's check sense 21: "have or possess something abstract".
Is a gene abstract? No, it's physical, but maybe "contain or hold; have within" is better.
Let's consider "carry a damaged gene".
"contain or hold; have within" (7)
Let's look at sense 7: "contain or hold; have within". Synonyms: hold, bear, contain.
Let's look at sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person". Synonyms: pack, take.
Let's look at sense 18: "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence".
Let's look at sense 21: "have or possess something abstract".
What about "carry a gene"?
In biology, "carry a gene" means to have it in one's genome.
"contain or hold; have within" fits "have within" one's genome.
Let's check if there is a more specific sense.
"carry" (v)
7. contain or hold; have within
"The jar carries wine"
"The canteen holds fresh water"
"This bottle carries poison"
Wait, "This bottle carries poison" is a good analogy for "carry a damaged gene".
Let's check if "carry a gene" is sense 7.
Yes, "contain or hold; have within" is the most appropriate for "carry a gene" or "carry a virus".
Let's double check sense 7.
"contain or hold; have within"
Synonyms: hold, bear, contain.
Is there any other sense?
"have or possess something abstract" (21) - "I carry her image in my mind's eye"
"have with oneself; have on one's person" (2) - "She always takes an umbrella"
"contain or hold; have within" (7) - "The jar carries wine"
I will go with 7.
Wait, let's think if "carry a gene" could be 7.
"Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene..."
He contained/held a damaged gene within him.
Yes, sense 7 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. move while supporting
2. have with oneself; have on one's person
3. transmit or serve as the medium for transmission
4. serve as a means for expressing something
5. bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure, or responsibility of
6. support or hold in a certain manner
7. contain or hold; have within
8. extend to a certain degree
9. continue or extend
10. be necessarily associated with or result in or involve
11. win in an election
12. include, as on a list
13. behave in a certain manner
14. have on hand
15. include as the content; broadcast or publicize
16. propel
17. pass on a communication
18. have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence
19. be conveyed over a certain distance
20. keep up with financial support
21. have or possess something abstract
22. be equipped with (a mast or sail)
23. win approval or support for
24. compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance
25. take further or advance
26. have on the surface or on the skin
27. capture after a fight
28. transfer (entries) from one account book to another
29. transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder)
30. pursue a line of scent or be a bearer
31. bear (a crop)
32. propel or give impetus to
33. drink alcohol without showing ill effects
34. be able to feed
35. have a certain range
36. cover a certain distance or advance beyond
37. secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions)
38. be successful in
39. sing or play against other voices or parts
40. be pregnant with

Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within"
This perfectly matches "carry a damaged gene" (i.e., have it within one's body/genome).
I am confident in 7.
Let's quickly check if "carry a gene" might be 21. "have or possess something abstract". A gene is not abstract.
What about 18? "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence". "This new washer carries a two year guarantee". Not a gene.
What about 2? "have with oneself; have on one's person". "She always takes an umbrella". A gene is not something you take with you, it's part of you.
So 7 is the most accurate.
"contain or hold; have within"
I will output 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a <t>damaged</t> gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "damaged".
Context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."
The gene is impaired, harmed, or defective.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Sense 1 fits "harmed or injured or spoiled" (a damaged gene).
Sense 2 is about reputation.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.