[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists <t>say</t> that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "say" in the context: "The scientists <t>say</t> that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The scientists are expressing an opinion, stating a conclusion, or reporting/maintaining a finding based on evidence.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. express in words (state, tell)
2. report or maintain (allege, aver)
3. express a supposition (suppose)
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (order, tell, enjoin)
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce, articulate)
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

Wait, "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
Is it sense 1 (express in words, state, tell) or sense 2 (report or maintain) or sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare)?
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you"
Sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
Sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business"

Actually, "say" in scientific contexts often means "state" or "report".
Let's look at sense 1: express in words.
Let's look at sense 2: report or maintain.
Let's look at sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare.

Wait, looking at the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
This is stating a conclusion or opinion based on evidence.
Is it sense 1? "express in words"
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
In WordNet, "say" sense 1 is "express in words" (state, tell).
"say" sense 2 is "report or maintain" (allege, aver).
"say" sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".

Let's look at similar examples. "The scientists say that..."
Often, "say" meaning "state" or "express in words" is sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: state, tell.
Synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver.
Synonyms for sense 9: declare.

"The scientists say that..." -> they state that.
Let's check sense 1: express in words.
Is there a better fit?
What about sense 1? "He said that he wanted to marry her" -> "The scientists say that since breast cancer..."
This matches the structure "say that [clause]".
Let's check sense 1.

Wait, another option: sense 1 is the most general "express in words".
Let's consider if "say" here is "state". Yes, "The scientists state that..."
So sense 1.

Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare

"The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
This is a statement of fact or conclusion, not just an opinion or judgement (sense 9), nor an allegation (sense 2). It is a statement.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"say" (state, tell) -> "The scientists say that..."
Yes, sense 1.
I will choose 1.
End of thought.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer <t>often</t> strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "often".
Context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
Here, "often" means "in many cases or instances".
Sense 1: many times at short intervals (e.g., we often met over a cup of coffee)
Sense 2: frequently or in great quantities (e.g., I don't drink much)
Sense 3: in many cases or instances.

"breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families" -> in many cases or instances.
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"often strikes" -> in many cases or instances.
Yes, sense 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strike
Target surface form: strikes
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often <t>strikes</t> multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strike%2:35:00:: | definition=deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon | examples=The teacher struck the child; the opponent refused to strike
2. sense_key=strike%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=affect, impress, move | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd
3. sense_key=strike%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=hit, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
4. sense_key=strike%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=hit | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
5. sense_key=strike%2:32:00:: | definition=indicate (a certain time) by striking | examples=The clock struck midnight; Just when I entered, the clock struck
6. sense_key=strike%2:35:02:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=hit | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
7. sense_key=strike%2:41:00:: | definition=stop work in order to press demands | synonyms=walk out | examples=The auto workers are striking for higher wages; The employees walked out when their demand for better benefits was not met
8. sense_key=strike%2:42:00:: | definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly | synonyms=fall, shine | examples=Light fell on her face; The sun shone on the fields
9. sense_key=strike%2:41:02:: | definition=attain | synonyms=come to | examples=The horse finally struck a pace
10. sense_key=strike%2:35:03:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=hit | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
11. sense_key=strike%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to form (an electric arc) between electrodes of an arc lamp | examples=strike an arc
12. sense_key=strike%2:40:00:: | definition=find unexpectedly | synonyms=fall upon, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on | examples=the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb; she struck a goldmine
13. sense_key=strike%2:36:00:: | definition=produce by ignition or a blow | examples=strike fire from the flintstone; strike a match
14. sense_key=strike%2:35:08:: | definition=remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line | synonyms=scratch, expunge, excise | examples=Please strike this remark from the record; scratch that remark
15. sense_key=strike%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=hit, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
16. sense_key=strike%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=hit | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
17. sense_key=strike%2:38:08:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, take, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
18. sense_key=strike%2:36:02:: | definition=form by stamping, punching, or printing | synonyms=mint, coin | examples=strike coins; strike a medal
19. sense_key=strike%2:35:10:: | definition=smooth with a strickle | synonyms=strickle | examples=strickle the grain in the measure
20. sense_key=strike%2:35:09:: | definition=pierce with force | examples=The bullet struck her thigh; The icy wind struck through our coats
21. sense_key=strike%2:31:00:: | definition=arrive at after reckoning, deliberating, and weighing | examples=strike a balance; strike a bargain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "strikes" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The word "strikes" here means to affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely (as in a disease striking someone).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. deliver a sharp blow
2. have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
3. hit against; come into sudden contact with
4. make a strategic, offensive, assault
5. indicate a certain time
6. affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=hit | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
7. stop work in order to press demands
8. touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly
9. attain
10. produce by manipulating keys or strings
11. cause to form (an electric arc)
12. find unexpectedly
13. produce by ignition or a blow
14. remove by erasing
15. cause to experience suddenly (Panic struck me)
16. drive something violently into a location
17. occupy or take on
18. form by stamping, punching, or printing
19. smooth with a strickle
20. pierce with force
21. arrive at after reckoning

Sense 6: "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" with example "He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager". This perfectly matches "breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families".

Let's double check.
"breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families" -> affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely.
Sense 6 is the best match.
Sense 15 is "cause to experience suddenly" (Panic struck me).
Sense 6 is "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely" (He was stricken with cancer).
Yes, sense 6 is the exact match for diseases striking people.
I will return {"sense_index": 6}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple <t>members</t> of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "members" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The word "members" refers to individuals who belong to a social group, specifically "families".
Sense 1: "one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)" - examples: "only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty". This fits "members of certain families".
Sense 2: "anything that belongs to a set or class" - examples: "snakes are members of the class Reptilia".
Sense 3: "an external body part that projects from the body".
Sense 4: "an organization that is a member of another organization".
Sense 5: "the male organ of copulation".

"members of certain families" clearly refers to persons who compose a social group (family).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "members of certain families" -> persons. Sense 1 is "one of the persons who compose a social group".
Yes, Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of <t>certain</t> families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "certain" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The phrase is "certain families".
This means specific but not named or identified families.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. definite but not specified or identified (set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree)
2. having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured
3. established beyond doubt or question; definitely known
4. certain to occur; destined or inevitable
5. established irrevocably
6. reliable in operation or effect
7. exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "definite but not specified or identified". "certain families" means some specific families, but not specified which ones.

Let's double check.
"multiple members of certain families" -> specific but not named families.
Sense 1: definite but not specified or identified.
Yes, sense 1 is the best match.
Context: "certain families"
Sense 1: "certain%5:00:00:definite:00"
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "families" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The context talks about breast cancer striking multiple members of certain families, and the gene being inherited. This refers to people descended from a common ancestor or a family line.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. a social unit living together (household)
2. primary social group; parents and children
3. a collection of things sharing a common attribute
4. people descended from a common ancestor (family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry)
5. a person having kinship with another or others
6. (biology) a taxonomic group
7. a loose affiliation of gangsters
8. an association of people who share common beliefs or activities

"multiple members of certain families" -> people descended from a common ancestor, family line.
Sense 4: "people descended from a common ancestor" fits perfectly with "inherited in a damaged form" and "multiple members of certain families".

Let's double check.
"since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families"
This implies a lineage or family line.
Sense 4: people descended from a common ancestor.
Synonyms: family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk.
This is the best fit.
Sense 1 is household.
Sense 2 is parents and children.
Sense 4 is family line / people descended from a common ancestor.
Yes, "family line" is the most appropriate here.
I will output {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "inherited" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The context is about genes being passed down from parents to offspring (genetic transmission).
Sense 1: obtain from someone after their death (e.g., property).
Sense 2: receive from a predecessor (e.g., problems).
Sense 3: receive by genetic transmission (e.g., good eyesight from mother).
The context clearly refers to genetic transmission.
Therefore, the best sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "damaged" in the context: "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."
The context talks about a gene being mutated, which means it is harmed, injured, or spoiled in its function.
Candidate sense 1: harmed or injured or spoiled. Examples: "I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings".
Candidate sense 2: being unjustly brought into disrepute. Synonyms: discredited. Examples: "a discredited politician; her damaged reputation".

The gene is physically or functionally harmed/mutated, not discredited.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "form" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer."
The context talks about a gene being inherited in a damaged "form".
This refers to a variant or strain of the gene.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. word form
2. kind, sort, variety
3. perceptual structure
4. spatial attributes
5. human body
6. spatial arrangement
7. visual appearance
8. printed document
9. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var.
10. arrangement of elements
11. particular mode in which something is manifested
12. state of matter
13. body of students
14. ability to perform well
15. life-size dummy
16. mold for setting concrete

Wait, "damaged form" of a gene. Is it sense 9 (biology variant/strain) or sense 2 (kind, sort, variety) or sense 11 (particular mode in which something is manifested)?
Let's re-read sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". A gene is not a group of organisms.
Let's re-read sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety". "a damaged kind/sort/variety of the gene".
Let's re-read sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility".
Wait, sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". "a damaged form of p53" -> a damaged kind/variety of p53.
Let's check sense 9 again. "a group of organisms within a species..." No, a gene is not a group of organisms.
What about sense 2? "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". "a damaged form of p53" -> a damaged kind of p53.
Is there a better sense?
Let's look at sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". Synonyms: kind, sort, variety.
"a damaged form of p53" -> a damaged variety of p53.
Let's consider "form" as in "variant" or "version".
Is there a sense for "version"?
Sense 2: kind, sort, variety.
Sense 11: a particular mode in which something is manifested.
Let's search for "damaged form" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, "form" meaning "variant" or "version" is often sense 2.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?"
"a damaged form of p53" -> a damaged kind of p53.
Wait, let's look at sense 9: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups". The context is biology, but it's a gene, not a group of organisms.
Could it be sense 2? Yes, "a damaged form" = "a damaged kind/variety".
Let's check sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility".
"the gene, when inherited in a damaged form" -> the gene, when inherited in a damaged variety/kind.
I think sense 2 is the best fit. "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality".
Let's re-evaluate sense 2 vs sense 11.
"inherited in a damaged form" -> "inherited in a damaged variety" or "inherited in a damaged kind".
Actually, "form" here means "version" or "variant".
Is there a "version" sense?
Sense 2: kind, sort, variety.
Let's check if there is a "version" sense. No.
What about sense 2? "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality".
Yes, "a damaged form" is a damaged variety/kind of the gene.
Let's consider sense 2.
Wait, "form" as in "variant" is sense 9? No, sense 9 is specifically "a group of organisms".
What about sense 2? "sculpture is a form of art". "a damaged form of p53" -> "a damaged kind of p53".
Let's consider sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". "inherited in a damaged form" -> "inherited in a damaged mode"? No.
"inherited in a damaged form" -> "inherited in a damaged variety".
I will go with sense 2.
Let's double check sense 2.
"a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality"
Synonyms: kind, sort, variety.
"a damaged form of p53" -> "a damaged variety of p53".
Yes, this fits perfectly.
Let's review the options.
1. word form
2. kind, sort, variety
3. perceptual structure
4. spatial attributes
5. human body
6. spatial arrangement
7. visual appearance
8. printed document
9. biology group of organisms
10. arrangement of elements
11. particular mode
12. state of matter
13. body of students
14. ability to perform well
15. life-size dummy
16. mold for setting concrete

Sense 2 is the most appropriate. "a damaged form" = "a damaged kind/variety".
I'll select 2.
Wait, could it be 11? "a particular mode in which something is manifested". "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form" -> "the gene, when inherited in a damaged manifestation"? No, "variety" or "kind" is better. "a damaged variety of the gene".
I will choose 2.
Let's re-read the context: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53" -> "a damaged kind of p53".
"the gene, when inherited in a damaged form" -> "the gene, when inherited in a damaged variety".
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "women" in the context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer."
The context refers to women as a class or group of people (female humans) who are predisposed to breast cancer.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
2. a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man
3. a human female employed to do housework
4. women as a class

In the context, "women" refers to women as a class (female humans in general, as opposed to men, or just the class of women). Wait, sense 1 is "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". Sense 4 is "women as a class".
"predispose women to the cancer" -> women as a class.
Let's check the examples for sense 4: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation".
Wait, sense 1 is "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)".
Is "women" here referring to the class or just plural of adult female person?
"predispose women to the cancer" -> plural of adult female person.
Let's look at similar examples. "women" in plural often maps to sense 1 if it's just the plural of woman (adult female person).
Wait, "women as a class" is usually singular "woman" or "women" in a generic sense. But "women" here is just the plural of "woman" (adult female person).
Let's re-read sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". Plural: women.
Sense 4: "women as a class".
In "predispose women to the cancer", it means adult female persons.
Let's consider "women" as plural of sense 1.
"women" -> sense 1.
Let's check if there is a distinction. "women" is the plural of "woman". Sense 1 is "an adult female person".
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's think if "women as a class" is better. "women as a class" is often used for "woman" (singular) or "women" (plural) in a generic sense. But "predispose women to the cancer" refers to individual women (adult female persons) who inherit the gene.
So sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check.
"predispose women to the cancer" -> adult female persons.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer".
Context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."
The context is clearly about the disease, malignant growth or tumor.
Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream"
This matches perfectly.
Sense 2: astrology
Sense 3: constellation
Sense 4: zodiac sign
Sense 5: genus Cancer

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: implicate
Target surface form: implicated
Context:
Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "implicated" (lemma: implicate).
Context: "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer."
Meaning: The p53 gene is involved in or connected to lung cancer.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Wait, "implicated in lung cancer" means it is involved in or connected to lung cancer.
Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" - wait, "implicated in" is often used in medical contexts to mean "involved in" or "connected to".
Let's check WordNet for "implicate".
Sense 1: implicate%2:42:01:: bring into intimate and incriminating connection. (e.g., He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government).
Sense 2: implicate%2:42:00:: impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result. (e.g., What does this move entail?)

Wait, is there another sense? The prompt only gives 2 candidate senses.
Let's re-read the context: "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer."
Does it mean "involved in" (sense 1) or "entail" (sense 2)?
"implicated in" -> involved in. Sense 1 is "bring into intimate and incriminating connection". In medical contexts, "implicated in" means "involved in" or "connected to".
Wait, sense 1 is "bring into intimate and incriminating connection". Is there a better sense? The prompt only provides 2 candidate senses.
Let's see: "implicated in lung cancer" -> involved in lung cancer.
Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" -> "He is implicated in the scheme..."
Sense 2: "impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result" -> "What does this move entail?"

Actually, "implicate" in the sense of "involve" is often sense 1. "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" is the WordNet gloss for "implicate" (verb) sense 1.
Wait, let's check WordNet:
implicate v
1. implicate, criminate, inculpate - bring into intimate and incriminating connection; "He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government"
2. implicate, entail - impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result; "What does this move entail?"

In the context "The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer", it means the gene is involved in lung cancer.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"implicated in" is a phrasal verb or prepositional phrase. "implicate in" matches sense 1 ("implicated in the scheme").
Sense 2 is "entail", which doesn't fit "implicated in lung cancer". You don't say "entailed in lung cancer". You say "involved in".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit, even though "incriminating" is a bit strong for a gene, the "intimate connection" part fits "involved in".
Let's double check if there's any other sense. The prompt only gives 2 candidate senses.
I will choose 1.
Wait, let's re-read sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection".
Is there a sense 3? The prompt says "Candidate senses: 1. ... 2. ..."
So I must choose between 1 and 2.
"implicated in lung cancer" -> involved in. Sense 1 is the one that takes "in". "He is implicated in the scheme".
Sense 2 is "entail", which is transitive and doesn't take "in". "What does this move entail?"
So sense 1 is the correct choice.
The JSON should be {"sense_index": 1}.
Let's confirm.
"implicated in lung cancer" -> "involved in lung cancer".
Sense 1: "bring into intimate and incriminating connection" -> "He is implicated in the scheme..."
Yes, sense 1 is the only one that fits the syntactic frame "implicated in".
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "report" in the context: "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The context refers to a written document or publication describing the findings of researchers (John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment)
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". The researchers at the National Cancer Institute published a report (written document) describing their findings about the p53 gene in lung cancer tissue.

Let's double check.
"In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
This is a written document describing the findings of a group (John Minna and colleagues).
Sense 1 is the best match.
Sense 3 is a short account of the news (like a news report).
Sense 1 is a written document describing findings of some individual or group (study, written report).

Therefore, sense_index is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "last" in the context: "In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues..."
The phrase is "last week".
Sense 1: immediately past. Examples: last Thursday; the last chapter we read.
Sense 2: coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining. Examples: the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month.
Sense 3: occurring at or forming an end or termination.
Sense 4: most unlikely or unsuitable.
Sense 5: occurring at the time of death.
Sense 6: conclusive in a process or progression.
Sense 7: highest in extent or degree.
Sense 8: not to be altered or undone.
Sense 9: lowest in rank or importance.

"last week" means the week immediately past.
Sense 1 fits perfectly: "immediately past", examples: "last Thursday".

Let's double check.
"last week" -> immediately past week.
Sense 1: last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read.

Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "In a report out last week..."
Target: last
Sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "week" in the context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The context refers to a period of seven consecutive days (last week).
Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
Sense 2: hours or days of work in a calendar week.
Sense 3: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.

"last week" refers to the most recent period of seven consecutive days, which aligns with sense 1 (any period of seven consecutive days) or sense 3 (calendar week). However, "last week" is a general period of seven days, not necessarily strictly defined by the calendar week starting on Sunday in this context, but "week" as a general period of seven days is sense 1. Let's look at the examples: "it rained for a week". "last week" is a specific instance of a period of seven consecutive days.
Wait, let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3. "last week" is a period of seven consecutive days. Sense 1 is "any period of seven consecutive days". Sense 3 is "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday". "last week" usually refers to the previous calendar week, but sense 1 is the most general and commonly used for "last week" or "a week". Let's check WordNet.
"week" sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days.
"week" sense 3: a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday.
In "last week", it's just a period of seven days. Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "In a report out last week" -> a period of seven consecutive days.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, "last week" could be sense 1.
Let's see: "it rained for a week" (sense 1).
"they worked a 40-hour week" (sense 2).
"calendar week" (sense 3).
"last week" is a period of seven consecutive days. I'll go with 1.
Actually, in WordNet, "week" sense 1 is "any period of seven consecutive days".
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "say" in the context: "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The context is about researchers reporting or maintaining a finding in a report.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. express in words (state, tell)
2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
3. express a supposition (suppose)
4. have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
5. give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority (order, tell, enjoin)
6. speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way (pronounce, articulate)
7. communicate or express nonverbally
8. utter aloud
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
10. recite or repeat a fixed text
11. indicate

Wait, "report or maintain" (sense 2) fits "say that about half the cells... are missing this gene" in a report.
Let's check sense 1: "express in words" (state, tell).
Let's check sense 2: "report or maintain" (allege, aver). Example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"John Minna and colleagues ... say that about half the cells ... are missing this gene."
This is reporting a finding. "report or maintain" fits perfectly.
Let's re-read the definition of sense 2: "report or maintain". Synonyms: allege, aver.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "express in words". Synonyms: state, tell.
In WordNet, "say" sense 2 is "report or maintain".
Let's see: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
This is a report of a scientific finding. "report or maintain" is a very strong match.
Let's consider sense 1: "express in words".
Is there a better fit?
"say" in the sense of "report or maintain" (sense 2) is often used for stating facts or claims, especially in reports or news.
"John Minna and colleagues ... say that..." -> they report that...
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war".
What about sense 1? "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you".
Actually, "report or maintain" is sense 2.
Let's check if there is a "state" sense. Sense 1 is "express in words" (state, tell).
Wait, "report or maintain" is sense 2.
Let's look at the context again. "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The word "report" is literally in the sentence: "In a report out last week, ... say that..."
This strongly points to sense 2: "report or maintain".

Let's double check WordNet senses for "say":
1. say: express in words ("He said that he wanted to marry her")
2. say: report or maintain ("He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "He said it was too late to intervene in the war")
3. say: express a supposition ("Let us say that he did not tell the truth")
4. say: have or contain a certain wording or form ("The passage reads as follows")
5. say: give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority ("I said to him to go home")
6. say: speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way ("She pronounces French words in a funny way")
7. say: communicate or express nonverbally ("What does this painting say?")
8. say: utter aloud ("She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office")
9. say: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare ("I say let's forget this whole business")
10. say: recite or repeat a fixed text ("Say grace")
11. say: indicate ("The clock says noon")

In the context, "say" means to report or maintain a finding. "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues ... say that..."
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's consider if it could be sense 1. "express in words". But "report or maintain" is more specific to making a claim or reporting a finding, which aligns with "In a report... say that".
I will go with sense 2.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver.
Is "say" in scientific context "allege" or "aver"? Yes, "maintain" or "report".
Let's check sense 1 synonyms: state, tell.
"state" is also very close. But "report or maintain" is specifically sense 2.
I'll output 2.
Let's review the prompt: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.
Wait, is "say" in "say that about half the cells..." sense 1 or 2?
In WordNet, "say" sense 2 is "report or maintain".
Example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war."
Another example: "The researchers say that..." -> report or maintain.
Yes, sense 2.
I am confident in 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "about" in the context: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The word "about" here modifies "half", indicating an imprecise but fairly close to correct quantity.
Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct. Synonyms: approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less. Examples: lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute.
This perfectly matches the context "about half".
Therefore, the best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cells" in the context of "about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."
The context is clearly biological, referring to the basic structural and functional unit of organisms (lung cancer tissue).
Sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.