[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bell
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one <t>bell</t> can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bell".
Context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one <t>bell</t> can swap places with another in the following change."
The context is about church bells, specifically the physical bells that are swung and rung.
Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck"
Sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck"
The context says "one bell can swap places with another in the following change." This refers to the physical bells themselves, not the sound.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees... so that one bell can swap places with another..."
Yes, it's the physical device.
Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swap
Target surface form: swap
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can <t>swap</t> places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swap%2:40:00:: | definition=exchange or give (something) in exchange for | synonyms=trade, swop, switch
2. sense_key=swap%2:38:00:: | definition=move (a piece of a program) into memory, in computer science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "swap".
Context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
The meaning is to exchange places.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swap%2:40:00:: | definition=exchange or give (something) in exchange for | synonyms=trade, swop, switch
2. sense_key=swap%2:38:00:: | definition=move (a piece of a program) into memory, in computer science

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "exchange or give (something) in exchange for" (or exchange places).
Sense 2 is computer science.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: place
Target surface form: places
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap <t>places</t> with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=place%1:15:00:: | definition=a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, spot | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
2. sense_key=place%1:15:04:: | definition=any area set aside for a particular purpose | synonyms=property | examples=who owns this place?; the president was concerned about the property across from the White House
3. sense_key=place%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract mental location | examples=he has a special place in my thoughts; a place in my heart
4. sense_key=place%1:15:01:: | definition=a general vicinity | examples=He comes from a place near Chicago
5. sense_key=place%1:04:01:: | definition=the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another | synonyms=stead, position, lieu | examples=can you go in my stead?; took his place
6. sense_key=place%1:26:01:: | definition=a particular situation | synonyms=shoes | examples=If you were in my place what would you do?
7. sense_key=place%1:15:06:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=home | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
8. sense_key=place%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
9. sense_key=place%1:15:05:: | definition=the particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=position | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
10. sense_key=place%1:26:00:: | definition=proper or designated social situation | synonyms=station | examples=he overstepped his place; the responsibilities of a man in his station
11. sense_key=place%1:15:03:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=seat | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
12. sense_key=place%1:10:00:: | definition=the passage that is being read | examples=he lost his place on the page
13. sense_key=place%1:26:02:: | definition=proper or appropriate position or location | examples=a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen
14. sense_key=place%1:15:02:: | definition=a public square with room for pedestrians | synonyms=plaza, piazza | examples=they met at Elm Plaza; Grosvenor Place
15. sense_key=place%1:10:02:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=position | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position
16. sense_key=place%1:10:01:: | definition=a blank area | synonyms=space, blank space | examples=write your name in the space provided

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "places" in the context: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
The phrase is "swap places".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. topographic point, spot
2. property
3. abstract mental location
4. general vicinity
5. the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another (stead, position, lieu)
6. a particular situation (shoes)
7. home
8. job
9. the particular portion of space occupied by something (position)
10. proper or designated social situation
11. space reserved for sitting
12. passage being read
13. proper or appropriate position or location
14. public square
15. an item on a list or in a sequence (position)
16. blank area

"swap places" means to exchange positions or locations.
Sense 9: "the particular portion of space occupied by something" (synonyms: position). Example: "he put the lamp back in its place".
Wait, "swap places" could be sense 9. Let's check sense 9.
Is there a better sense?
"swap places" -> exchange positions.
Sense 9: "the particular portion of space occupied by something" synonyms: position.
Let's see: "one bell can swap places with another" -> one bell can swap the particular portion of space occupied by it with another.
Wait, let's look at sense 9: "the particular portion of space occupied by something" synonyms: position.
Is there a sense for "position" in a sequence? Sense 15: "an item on a list or in a sequence" (position). But bells are physical objects swinging.
Sense 9: "the particular portion of space occupied by something" synonyms: position. Examples: "he put the lamp back in its place".
Let's consider "swap places". "place" here means the physical position or location.
Sense 9 fits perfectly. "the particular portion of space occupied by something".
Let's double check sense 5: "the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another". No.
Sense 13: "proper or appropriate position or location". No.
Sense 9 is "the particular portion of space occupied by something".
"swap places" -> exchange positions.
Yes, sense 9.
Let's review the context: "one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
The bells are physical objects. They occupy a particular portion of space.
Therefore, sense 9 is the best fit.
Let's check if there is any other sense.
Sense 9: place%1:15:05:: | definition=a particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=position | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
Yes, "swap places" means to exchange the particular portion of space occupied.
I will choose 9.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
Change ringing involves bells changing their order in a sequence.
Is it sense 15? "an item on a list or in a sequence" synonyms: position. Examples: "in the second place; moved from third to fifth position".
In change ringing, bells change their order in a sequence (the "change").
"so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
Does "places" here refer to the sequence order or the physical space?
"Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
In change ringing, "swapping places" means changing their order in the sequence of ringing.
Wait, "advance or retard the next swing" affects the timing, which changes the order in which the bells strike.
So "places" refers to their position in the sequence of strikes.
Let's check sense 15: "an item on a list or in a sequence" synonyms: position. Examples: "in the second place; moved from third to fifth position".
This perfectly matches "swap places ... in the following change" (a change is a permutation of the sequence of bells).
Let's re-evaluate sense 9 vs sense 15.
"swap places" in a sequence. "in the following change" strongly implies sequence.
Change ringing is all about the sequence of bells. "mathematical completeness" also points to sequence/permutation.
So sense 15 is highly likely.
Let's check the examples for sense 15: "in the second place; moved from third to fifth position".
"swap places" -> exchange positions in the sequence.
Yes, sense 15 is "an item on a list or in a sequence".
Let's consider sense 9: "the particular portion of space occupied by something". While bells do occupy space, the "change" refers to the order of striking, which is a sequence.
"advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
If it were physical space, they would swap physical locations, but they are mounted on wheels in the belfry and swing in place. They don't move to a different physical location in the belfry; they just change the order in which they ring.
Therefore, "places" refers to their position in the sequence of ringing.
Sense 15 is the best fit.
Let's confirm: "an item on a list or in a sequence" -> position.
"swap places" = swap positions in the sequence.
I am confident in sense 15.
Context: "so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."
Change ringing: a method of ringing church bells where a set of bells is rung in a series of mathematical patterns called "changes". The bells do not move physically relative to each other in the tower; their striking order changes.
Thus, "places" means their position in the sequence.
Sense 15: place%1:10:02:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=position | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position.
This is exactly it.
I will output 15.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well-known
Target surface form: well-known
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a <t>well-known</t> detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well-known%5:00:00:known:00 | definition=widely or fully known | examples=a well-known politician; well-known facts
2. sense_key=well-known%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=frequently experienced; known closely or intimately | synonyms=long-familiar | examples=a long-familiar face; a well-known voice reached her ears

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "well-known".
Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
Candidate senses:
1. widely or fully known (a well-known politician; well-known facts)
2. frequently experienced; known closely or intimately (a long-familiar face; a well-known voice reached her ears)

In the context, "well-known detective-story" means a detective story that is widely or fully known to the public/readers.
Sense 1 fits best.
Sense 2 is about being intimately known or frequently experienced (like a familiar face or voice).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story <t>involving</t> church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "involving" in the context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a..."
The phrase is "a well-known detective-story involving church bells".
This means the detective story has church bells as a part, or contains church bells as a part, or has church bells as a necessary feature.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. connect closely and often incriminatingly (affect, regard)
2. engage as a participant
3. have as a necessary feature (imply) - "This decision involves many changes"
4. require as useful, just, or proper (necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take)
5. contain as a part - "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"
6. occupy or engage the interest of
7. make complex or intricate or complicated

Wait, "a detective-story involving church bells" means the story contains church bells as a part, or has church bells as a feature.
Let's check sense 5: "contain as a part". Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses". A story involving church bells contains church bells as a part.
Let's check sense 3: "have as a necessary feature". Example: "This decision involves many changes".
Is it "contain as a part" or "have as a necessary feature"?
"involve" in "a story involving X" usually means "containing X as a part" or "having X as a feature".
Let's look at WordNet for "involve".
Sense 5: contain as a part. "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses."
Sense 3: have as a necessary feature. "This decision involves many changes."
In "a detective-story involving church bells", the story contains church bells as a part of its plot or setting.
Let's consider "contain as a part" (sense 5).
Wait, "involve" meaning "contain as a part" is often used for things like "The job involves a lot of travel", "The story involves a murder".
Let's check the exact WordNet sense for "involve" meaning "contain as a part".
WordNet 3.1:
involve v
1. involve, affect, regard - connect closely and often incriminatingly
2. involve - engage as a participant
3. involve, imply - have as a necessary feature
4. involve, necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take - require as useful, just, or proper
5. involve - contain as a part
6. involve - occupy or engage the interest of
7. involve - make complex or intricate or complicated

"a well-known detective-story involving church bells"
Does it mean the story contains church bells as a part? Yes.
Or does it mean the story has church bells as a necessary feature?
Let's search for "story involving" in WordNet or similar corpora.
"The book involves a lot of action" -> contain as a part.
"a story involving church bells" -> contain as a part.
Let's look at sense 5: "contain as a part".
Is there any other sense?
"have as a necessary feature" (sense 3) is more like "implies". "This decision involves many changes" = implies many changes.
"contain as a part" (sense 5) is more like "includes". "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" = includes at least six courses.
A story involving church bells includes church bells. So sense 5 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"involving church bells" -> containing church bells as a part.
Yes, sense 5.
Let's review the options.
1. connect closely and often incriminatingly
2. engage as a participant
3. have as a necessary feature
4. require as useful, just, or proper
5. contain as a part
6. occupy or engage the interest of
7. make complex or intricate or complicated

"involving church bells" -> the story contains church bells as a part.
I will choose 5.
Wait, let's think if "have as a necessary feature" (3) could be it. "A story involving church bells" - does it imply church bells? No, it contains them.
"contain as a part" fits perfectly.
Let's confirm the sense index for "contain as a part". It is 5.
Yes.
Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells..."
Meaning: The story contains church bells as a part of its plot/setting.
Sense 5: contain as a part.
I am confident in 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving <t>church</t> bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "church" in the context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The phrase is "church bells".
What kind of church bells? Bells belonging to a church building.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. one of the groups of Christians
2. a place for public (especially Christian) worship (church building)
3. a service conducted in a house of worship
4. the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

"church bells" refers to the bells of a church building.
Therefore, sense 2 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check. "church bells" -> bells of a church building.
Sense 2: a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty.
Yes, "church" here modifies "bells" to indicate the bells of a church building.
So sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church <t>bells</t>, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bells" in the context of "church bells" and "ringing chamber", "huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees".
The context clearly refers to the physical objects: "huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly".
Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck"
Sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck"
The text says "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly". This refers to the physical device, not just the sound.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... pulling a rope... huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly... one bell can swap places with another... church bells"
Yes, physical bells.
Sense 1: bell%1:06:00::
Index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, <t>English</t> novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people | examples=English history; the English landed aristocracy
2. sense_key=english%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the English language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "English" in the context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The word "English" modifies "novelist Dorothy L. Sayers".
Dorothy L. Sayers is a novelist from England.
Sense 1: of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people.
Sense 2: of or relating to the English language.
Here, "English" refers to her nationality/origin (England), not the language.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "English novelist" -> a novelist from England.
Sense 1: of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: describe
Target surface form: described
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers <t>described</t> ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=describe%2:32:00:: | definition=give a description of | synonyms=depict, draw | examples=He drew an elaborate plan of attack
2. sense_key=describe%2:32:01:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=report, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
3. sense_key=describe%2:35:00:: | definition=make a mark or lines on a surface | synonyms=trace, draw, line, delineate | examples=draw a line; trace the outline of a figure in the sand
4. sense_key=describe%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, name

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "described" in the context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The context is about giving an account or representation of something in words (describing ringing as a passion).
Sense 1: give a description of (depict, draw) - He drew an elaborate plan of attack.
Sense 2: to give an account or representation of in words (report, account) - Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental.
Sense 3: make a mark or lines on a surface (trace, draw, line, delineate).
Sense 4: identify as in botany or biology.

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "to give an account or representation of in words". Dorothy L. Sayers gave an account of ringing in words.

Let's check the examples. "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental" -> giving an account in words.
Sayers described ringing as a "passion..." -> giving an account in words.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Double check:
1. describe%2:32:00:: give a description of (depict, draw)
2. describe%2:32:01:: to give an account or representation of in words (report, account)

Sayers described ringing as a passion... -> representation in words.
Sense 2 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "<t>passion</t> that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "passion" in the context: "English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The context describes ringing as something that is desired intensely, an activity that one is deeply devoted to, or a strong feeling/emotion.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a strong feeling or emotion
2. the trait of being intensely emotional
3. something that is desired intensely (synonyms: rage; examples: his rage for fame destroyed him)
4. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
5. a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. any object of warm affection or devotion (synonyms: love; examples: the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting)
7. the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion

Wait, "described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
Is it sense 1 (a strong feeling or emotion) or sense 6 (any object of warm affection or devotion)?
"ringing as a passion" -> ringing is the object of devotion.
Let's check sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" -> "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting". Here, "ringing" is the object of devotion.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "a strong feeling or emotion".
Let's look at sense 3: "something that is desired intensely".
Let's look at sense 6 again: "any object of warm affection or devotion". "ringing as a passion" -> ringing is the object.
Wait, "passion" in "a passion for cock fighting" is sense 6.
Is "ringing as a passion" sense 6?
Let's check the exact quote: "described ringing as a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
If ringing is the passion, it is the object of devotion.
Let's consider sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion".
Let's consider sense 1: "a strong feeling or emotion".
In WordNet, "passion" as "any object of warm affection or devotion" has examples like "the theater was her first love", "he has a passion for cock fighting".
"described ringing as a passion" -> ringing is the object.
Let's check sense 6.
Wait, could it be sense 1? "a strong feeling or emotion".
"described ringing as a passion" -> ringing is a strong feeling? No, ringing is an activity, so it's the object of devotion.
Therefore, sense 6 is the best fit.
Let's double check sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion".
Synonyms: love.
Examples: the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting.
Yes, "ringing" is the object of devotion.
Let's check sense 3: "something that is desired intensely". Synonyms: rage. Example: his rage for fame destroyed him.
Sense 6 fits "object of warm affection or devotion" perfectly.
I will choose sense 6.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
If ringing is a passion, it is an object of devotion.
Sense 6: any object of warm affection or devotion.
I'll go with 6.
Let's review the options.
1. a strong feeling or emotion
2. the trait of being intensely emotional
3. something that is desired intensely
4. an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
5. a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. any object of warm affection or devotion
7. the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion

"ringing as a passion" -> ringing is the object.
So 6 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm.
"he has a passion for cock fighting" -> cock fighting is the object.
"ringing as a passion" -> ringing is the object.
Yes, 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finds
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that <t>finds</t> its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "finds" in the context: "English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The phrase is "finds its satisfaction".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence
3. come upon after searching
4. establish after a calculation
5. come to believe
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose
8. make a discovery
9. make a discovery
10. obtain through effort or management
11. decide on and make a declaration about
12. receive a specified treatment (abstract) - "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"
13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place
14. get or find back; recover the use of
15. succeed in reaching; arrive at
16. accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation

Wait, "finds its satisfaction" is similar to "find expression" or "receive a specified treatment (abstract)".
Let's check sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review"
"finds its satisfaction" -> receives its satisfaction.
Is there any other sense?
"finds its satisfaction" -> "obtain through effort or management" (10)? No, "passion that finds its satisfaction" means the passion receives its satisfaction.
Let's look at sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)". The example "These aspects of civilization do not find expression" is very similar to "finds its satisfaction".
Let's check sense 12 again. "receive a specified treatment (abstract)".
Is there a sense for "find" meaning "to experience or receive"? Yes, sense 12.
"finds its satisfaction" -> receives its satisfaction.
Let's consider sense 12.
"receive a specified treatment (abstract)"
Examples: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"
This perfectly matches "finds its satisfaction".

Let's double check.
"passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness"
"finds" here means "receives" or "gets".
Sense 12: receive a specified treatment (abstract). Synonyms: receive, get, obtain, incur.
Example: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"
This is a very strong match.

Let's review the other senses.
10: obtain through effort or management. "She found the time and energy..."
15: succeed in reaching; arrive at. "The arrow found its mark"
16: find oneself.

Sense 12 is the best fit.
"finds its satisfaction" -> receives its satisfaction.
I will choose 12.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfaction
Target surface form: satisfaction
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "satisfaction".
Context: "English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The context talks about a passion finding its fulfillment or contentment in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation
2. state of being gratified or satisfied
3. compensation for a wrong
4. (law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation
5. act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite

"passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness" -> the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation.
Wait, "satisfaction" here means the contentment or fulfillment of the passion.
Sense 1: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation"
Sense 2: "state of being gratified or satisfied"
Sense 5: "act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite"

Let's read the quote: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
This means the passion is fulfilled or finds its contentment.
Is it sense 1 or sense 5?
"finds its satisfaction" -> the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction"
Sense 5: "the satisfaction of their demand for better services" (act of fulfilling)
Here, "finds its satisfaction" is the state of contentment or fulfillment.
Wait, "satisfaction" in "finds its satisfaction" is the contentment or gratification.
Let's consider sense 1: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation".
Or sense 2: "state of being gratified or satisfied".
Actually, "finds its satisfaction" is often mapped to sense 1.
Let's look at similar examples. "finds its satisfaction in" -> contentment.
Let's choose sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 1? Yes.
Let's double check.
"passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness"
Sense 1: the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation.
Sense 2: state of being gratified or satisfied.
Sense 1 is more specific to "fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation", which matches "passion that finds its satisfaction".
I will go with 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
This is the contentment or fulfillment of the passion.
Sense 1 fits best.
Let's consider if it's 1.
Yes, 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mathematical" in the context: "English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The phrase is "mathematical completeness".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics
2. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers
3. beyond question
4. statistically possible though highly improbable
5. characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics

"Mathematical completeness" refers to the exactness or precision of mathematics, or perhaps the nature of mathematics.
Wait, "mathematical completeness" in the context of bell ringing (change ringing) refers to the exactness, precision, or the nature of mathematics (permutations, combinations, exact sequences).
Let's consider sense 1: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics".
Sense 5: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics".
Is "mathematical completeness" about exactness/precision, or about the nature of mathematics?
Change ringing is highly mathematical (permutations). "mathematical completeness" means completeness in a mathematical sense (e.g., all possible permutations are rung).
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments".
Sense 5: "mathematical precision".
"Mathematical completeness" is a phrase. Completeness is a mathematical concept, or it means exactness.
Wait, "mathematical completeness" could be sense 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics.
Let's search for "mathematical completeness" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, "mathematical" modifying "completeness" might just mean "of or pertaining to mathematics" (sense 1).
Let's re-read the context: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
"Mathematical completeness" -> completeness that is mathematical in nature.
Could it be sense 1? Yes.
Could it be sense 5? "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics". "mathematical precision" is the example. "mathematical completeness" is similar to "mathematical precision".
But "completeness" is a property. "mathematical completeness" means completeness in the mathematical sense.
Let's look at sense 1: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics".
Let's look at sense 5: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics".
Is "completeness" exactness or precision? Not necessarily. It's a property of mathematics.
Let's consider "mathematical" in "mathematical completeness".
In WordNet, "mathematical" has:
1. of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics
2. relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers
3. beyond question (mathematical certainty)
4. statistically possible though highly improbable (mathematical chance)
5. characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics (mathematical precision)

"Mathematical completeness" -> completeness of the nature of mathematics.
I will guess sense 1.
Wait, "mathematical completeness" might be sense 1.
Let's think if "mathematical" here means "exact". "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection". Mechanical perfection is exactness. Mathematical completeness might be exactness too? No, completeness in change ringing means ringing all the possible changes (permutations) without repetition. That is a mathematical property (completeness of a set of permutations). So it is "of the nature of mathematics".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"mathematical completeness" -> completeness that is mathematical.
Sense 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics.
I'll go with 1.
Wait, let's consider sense 5: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics". Does "mathematical completeness" mean exactness? No, it means the completeness is mathematical (i.e., involving all permutations).
So sense 1 is better.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00::
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00

I will choose 1.
Let's re-read carefully: "mathematical completeness".
If I say "mathematical certainty", that's sense 3.
"mathematical chance", sense 4.
"mathematical precision", sense 5.
"mathematical completeness" -> sense 1.
Yes, "mathematical" as in "pertaining to mathematics".
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: completeness
Target surface form: completeness
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "completeness".
Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.""
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

The context mentions "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection".
Is it the logic sense or the general state of being complete?
"mathematical completeness" refers to the state of being complete and entire, having everything that is needed, or perhaps the logic sense?
Wait, "mathematical completeness" in the context of bell ringing (change ringing) refers to the fact that all possible permutations (changes) are rung without repetition, which is a state of being complete and entire.
Let's check the definition of sense 1: "the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed".
Sense 2 is specifically "(logic) an attribute of a logical system...". Change ringing is not a logical system in the sense of formal logic axioms, but rather a mathematical completeness of permutations.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "mathematical completeness" -> state of being complete and entire.
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, let's look at the options.
1. completeness%1:26:00::
2. completeness%1:07:00::
I will choose 1.
Context: "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
Sense 1: the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed.
Sense 2: (logic) an attribute of a logical system...
Sense 1 is much more appropriate for "mathematical completeness" in the context of change ringing (which involves ringing all possible permutations, i.e., being complete and entire).
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mechanical" in the context: "described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The context talks about ringing bells, which involves a physical mechanism (bells mounted on wheels, swinging 360 degrees, ropes, etc.).
The phrase "mechanical perfection" refers to the perfection of the physical mechanism or the mechanical process of ringing the bells.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices (a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical)
2. relating to or concerned with machinery or tools (mechanical arts; mechanical design)
3. relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics (a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind)

Wait, "mechanical perfection" in the context of ringing bells. The bells are mounted on wheels, swinging, ropes, etc. It's a physical mechanism.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices" -> "a mechanical process"
Sense 2: "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools" -> "mechanical arts; mechanical design"
Sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics" -> "a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance"

Let's read the quote: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
This refers to the perfection of the mechanism or the mechanical process.
Wait, "mechanical perfection" could mean the perfection of the physical mechanism (the bells, wheels, ropes).
Let's consider sense 1: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Sense 2: "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools".
Sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics".

Actually, "mechanical perfection" in this context refers to the physical mechanism of the bells and the ringing process.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a mechanical process". Ringing is a process.
Wait, "mechanical perfection" might be sense 1.
Let's look at sense 1 again: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Sense 2: "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools".
Sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics".

Is "mechanical" here meaning "like a machine" or "pertaining to the physical mechanism"?
"mechanical perfection" -> perfection of the mechanism.
Let's search for "mechanical perfection" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, sense 1 is "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Sense 2 is "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools".
Sense 3 is "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics".

In the context, "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection". Mathematical completeness refers to the math of the changes (permutations). Mechanical perfection refers to the physical execution of the ringing, the mechanism of the bells and ropes.
So it's "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics" (sense 3)? Or "using mechanisms" (sense 1)?
Wait, "mechanical perfection" -> the perfection of the mechanical process.
Let's look at sense 1: "a mechanical process". This fits "mechanical perfection" (perfection of the mechanical process).
Let's look at sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics". "mechanical contrivance", "mechanical pressure".
What about sense 1? "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Is ringing a "mechanical process"? Yes, the text says "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves... Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing...". It's a physical, mechanical process.
Wait, "mechanical perfection" could be sense 1.
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices"
Sense 2: "relating to or concerned with machinery or tools"
Sense 3: "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics"

"mechanical perfection" -> perfection of the mechanism.
In WordNet, "mechanical" has:
1. of or relating to machinery or tools (mechanical arts)
2. using or involving mechanisms (a mechanical process)
3. relating to or governed by mechanics (mechanical contrivance)
Wait, the order in the prompt:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

"mechanical perfection" in the context of bell ringing. The ringing is a process. "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection".
Mathematical completeness refers to the abstract patterns (changes). Mechanical perfection refers to the physical execution, the mechanism.
Is it sense 1? "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Or sense 3? "relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics".
Actually, "mechanical" in "mechanical perfection" means pertaining to the physical mechanism, which is sense 1 or 3.
Let's look at the example "a mechanical process". Ringing is a process.
"mechanical perfection" -> perfection of the mechanical process.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "a mechanical process".
Let's consider sense 1.
"mechanical" modifying "perfection". The perfection of the mechanism or the mechanical process.
I'll go with 1.
Wait, "mechanical" as in "mechanical perfection" of the bells' movement.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
"mechanical" = "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices".
Yes, ringing uses mechanisms (ropes, wheels, bells).
I will output 1.
Let's double check.
"mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
Mathematical = abstract. Mechanical = physical/mechanism.
Sense 1: using mechanisms.
Sense 3: governed by mechanics.
I think 1 is the best fit.
Let's consider 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "perfection".
Context: "...described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"
The phrase "mechanical perfection" refers to the state of being without a flaw or defect, or the quality of being perfect.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

"mechanical perfection" means the state of being without a flaw or defect in a mechanical sense. It is not an ideal instance (paragon), nor the act of making something perfect.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" -> state of being without a flaw or defect.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Ringers" in the context of people who ring church bells.
The context mentions "snaking of the ropes", "bells themselves", "belfry", "huge bronze bells", "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing", "ringing as a 'passion'".
Sense 1: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer.
Sense 2: a person who is almost identical to another.
Sense 3: a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses.
Sense 4: (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg.

The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "added" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
The context is about Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing, and then she "added" a further statement.
Sense 2: "state or say further" (synonyms: append, supply). Example: 'It doesn't matter,' he supplied.
This perfectly matches the context where she is saying something further.
Let's check the other senses:
1. make an addition (to)
3. bestow a quality on
4. make an addition by combining numbers
5. determine the sum of
6. constitute an addition

Sense 2 is the best fit.
Context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication...'"
This is a reporting verb meaning "state or say further".
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "filled" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
The phrase is "filled with".
Sense 1: (usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with. Examples: theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks.
Sense 2: of purchase orders that have been filled.
Sense 3: (of time) taken up. Examples: well-filled hours.

The context says "filled with the solemn intoxication". This matches Sense 1, which is "generously supplied with" and is usually followed by "with".

Let's check the context again: "filled with the solemn intoxication".
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Sense 2 is about purchase orders.
Sense 3 is about time.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "solemn" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
The context describes bell ringing as a ritual, a passion, mathematical completeness, mechanical perfection, and an obsession.
The phrase is "solemn intoxication".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Wait, "solemn intoxication" in the context of "intricate ritual faultlessly performed".
Is it sense 1 (dignified and somber, grave, sedate, sober) or sense 2 (earnest, sincere)?
"solemn intoxication" - intoxication is a state of being overwhelmed, but "solemn" here modifies it to mean dignified, serious, grave, somber.
Let's re-read the context: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
Rituals are often described as solemn (dignified, somber, grave).
Sense 1: dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises. Synonyms: grave, sedate, sober.
Sense 2: characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions. Synonyms: earnest, sincere.

"solemn intoxication" -> grave, sober intoxication.
Sense 1 fits "solemn" as in "solemn ritual", "solemn intoxication" (sober, grave).
Let's check if there's any other sense. The prompt only gives 2 candidate senses.
Sense 1: dignified and somber in manner or character...
Sense 2: characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions.

"solemn intoxication" is more about the dignified, somber, grave nature of the ritual, not a "firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"solemn intoxication" -> grave, sober.
Yes, sense 1.