[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: empirical
Target surface form: empirical
Context:
To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any <t>empirical</t> support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=empirical%3:00:00:: | definition=derived from experiment and observation rather than theory | synonyms=empiric | examples=an empirical basis for an ethical theory; empirical laws
2. sense_key=empirical%3:01:00:: | definition=relying on medical quackery | synonyms=empiric | examples=empiric treatment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "empirical" in the given context.
Target lemma: empirical
Target surface form: empirical
Context: "Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=empirical%3:00:00:: | definition=derived from experiment and observation rather than theory | synonyms=empiric | examples=an empirical basis for an ethical theory; empirical laws
2. sense_key=empirical%3:01:00:: | definition=relying on medical quackery | synonyms=empiric | examples=empiric treatment

In the context, "empirical support" refers to support derived from evidence, observation, or experiment, rather than theory. This matches sense 1.

Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "support" in the given context.
Context: "Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The word "support" here refers to evidence or documentation that validates a theory.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. financial/emotional support
2. aiding the cause or policy
3. immaterial assistance
4. military operation
5. documentary validation (synonyms: documentation; examples: his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones)
6. financial means
7. supporting structure
8. act of bearing weight
9. musical part
10. device that bears weight
11. financial resources

Sense 5: "documentary validation" with synonyms "documentation" and example "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones". This perfectly matches "empirical support for this theory" which is corroborated by "Three pieces of evidence".

Therefore, sense 5 is the best match.
Let's double check.
"empirical support" -> evidence, documentation, validation.
Sense 5: documentary validation.
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 5}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: piece
Target surface form: pieces
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three <t>pieces</t> of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. sense_key=piece%1:06:05:: | definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
3. sense_key=piece%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=piece%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical work that has been created | synonyms=musical composition, opus, composition, piece of music | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. sense_key=piece%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
6. sense_key=piece%1:10:02:: | definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran; the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
7. sense_key=piece%1:06:03:: | definition=a portable gun | synonyms=firearm, small-arm | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. sense_key=piece%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | synonyms=slice | examples=a piece of pie; a slice of bread
9. sense_key=piece%1:07:00:: | definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. sense_key=piece%1:06:04:: | definition=a work of art of some artistic value | synonyms=objet d'art, art object | examples=this store sells only objets d'art; it is not known who created this piece
11. sense_key=piece%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | synonyms=while, spell, patch | examples=he was here for a little while; I need to rest for a piece
12. sense_key=piece%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of something | synonyms=slice | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. sense_key=piece%1:06:02:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=man | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "pieces" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption..."
The phrase is "pieces of evidence".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. sense_key=piece%1:06:05:: | definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
3. sense_key=piece%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=piece%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical work that has been created
5. sense_key=piece%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
6. sense_key=piece%1:10:02:: | definition=an artistic or literary composition
7. sense_key=piece%1:06:03:: | definition=a portable gun
8. sense_key=piece%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion
9. sense_key=piece%1:07:00:: | definition=a distance
10. sense_key=piece%1:06:04:: | definition=a work of art of some artistic value
11. sense_key=piece%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of indeterminate length
12. sense_key=piece%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of something
13. sense_key=piece%1:06:02:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games

Sense 1 has the exact example: "an important piece of the evidence".
The context is "Three pieces of evidence".
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: "a separate part of a whole" -> "an important piece of the evidence".
Yes, "pieces of evidence" perfectly matches sense 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of <t>evidence</t> corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "evidence" in the given context.
Context: "Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
Target word: evidence

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Analysis:
The context talks about "empirical support for this theory" and "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption". This aligns with "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" (sense 1).
Sense 2 is more about a physical indication or sign (like trembling).
Sense 3 is specifically legal.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption..." -> basis for belief.
Yes, sense 1.
Format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumption
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key <t>assumption</t> that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "assumption" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The context talks about a theory and a key assumption (a hypothesis or statement taken for granted) that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
7. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Wait, "key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing..."
Is it a premise (1) or a hypothesis (2) or the act of assuming (7)?
"Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that..."
"assumption that..." is often a hypothesis or supposition.
Let's check the examples.
Sense 1: "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
Sense 2: "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
Sense 7: "your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted"

In the text: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
This is a hypothesis or supposition that is being tested/corroborated.
Wait, "corroborate the key assumption" -> a hypothesis that is taken for granted.
Let's consider Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted".
Or Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn".
In the text, the theory suggests something, and the assumption is that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking. This is a hypothesis that is taken for granted in the theory, which is then corroborated by evidence.
Let's look at Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted".
Is it Sense 2? "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
Let's look at Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn".
Actually, "assumption that..." is often Sense 2.
Let's check WordNet for "assumption that".
"assumption that I would agree was unwarranted" is Sense 7? No, Sense 7 is "the act of assuming or taking for granted".
Wait, Sense 2 is "a hypothesis that is taken for granted".
Let's re-read the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
This is a hypothesis.
Let's check if there is a better fit.
Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted"
Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn"
In the context, the theory suggests why Republicans fare better. "this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking... Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking..."
This is a hypothesis that is taken for granted (or assumed to be true) in the theory.
I will choose Sense 2.
Wait, let's look at Sense 2 vs Sense 1.
Sense 1: premise, premiss. "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
Sense 2: supposition, supposal. "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
"key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing..."
I think Sense 2 is the best fit for "hypothesis that is taken for granted".
Let's consider Sense 2.
Wait, "assumption" in "key assumption that..."
Could it be Sense 2? Yes.
Let's double check Sense 2.
"a hypothesis that is taken for granted"
Yes, "key assumption" = "key hypothesis".
I'll go with 2.
Wait, let's look at Sense 1 again. "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn". The conclusion drawn is "this is precisely the pattern one would expect if...". So the assumption is the premise from which the conclusion is drawn.
But "corroborate the key assumption" implies it's a hypothesis being tested. A premise is usually not "corroborated" by evidence in the same way a hypothesis is. You corroborate a hypothesis.
Therefore, Sense 2 is better.
Let's check Sense 2.
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that <t>Democratic</t> legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Democratic" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The context is talking about "Democratic legislators" and "Republican colleagues", "GOP senators", "Democrats".
This clearly refers to the Democratic Party.
Sense 1: characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality.
Sense 2: belong to or relating to the Democratic Party. Example: Democratic senator.
Sense 3: representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large.

The context explicitly contrasts "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues" and "GOP senators". This is the political party sense.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: willing
Target surface form: willing
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=willing%3:00:00:: | definition=disposed or inclined toward | examples=a willing participant; willing helpers
2. sense_key=willing%5:00:00:voluntary:01 | definition=not brought about by coercion or force | synonyms=uncoerced, unforced | examples=the confession was uncoerced

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "willing" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The context implies that Democratic legislators are more disposed or inclined to engage in local benefit-seeking.
Sense 1: disposed or inclined toward (a willing participant; willing helpers)
Sense 2: not brought about by coercion or force (uncoerced, unforced)

The context clearly aligns with Sense 1: "disposed or inclined toward".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: engage
Target surface form: engage
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=engage%2:41:06:: | definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. sense_key=engage%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
3. sense_key=engage%2:41:01:: | definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ | examples=They hired two new secretaries in the department; How many people has she employed?
4. sense_key=engage%2:41:00:: | definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel | examples=I'm retaining a lawyer
5. sense_key=engage%2:32:00:: | definition=give to in marriage | synonyms=betroth, affiance, plight
6. sense_key=engage%2:30:00:: | definition=get caught | examples=make sure the gear is engaged
7. sense_key=engage%2:41:12:: | definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) | synonyms=wage | examples=Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe
8. sense_key=engage%2:40:01:: | definition=hire for work or assistance | synonyms=enlist | examples=engage aid, help, services, or support
9. sense_key=engage%2:40:00:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, take | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
10. sense_key=engage%2:35:00:: | definition=keep engaged | synonyms=mesh, lock, operate | examples=engaged the gears

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "engage" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The phrase is "engage in local benefit-seeking".
Sense 1: carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in. Synonyms: prosecute, pursue. Examples: She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion.
This perfectly matches "engage in local benefit-seeking".
Let's check other senses:
2. consume all of one's attention or time
3. engage or hire for work
4. ask to represent
5. give to in marriage
6. get caught
7. carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)
8. hire for work or assistance
9. engage for service under a term of contract
10. keep engaged

Sense 1 is the best fit.
Index: 1.
Context: "engage in local benefit-seeking" -> "carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in".
Matches "engage in a discussion".
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context of "local benefit-seeking" and "local benefits for their respective constituencies".
The context discusses legislators from the South translating clout into "relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies".
This refers to benefits for a particular locality or neighborhood (their constituency), not necessarily the administration of a city/town (sense 1), nor a restricted part of the body (sense 3).
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (e.g., local customs, local schools).
Wait, "local benefits" for their respective constituencies. Constituency is a particular locality or neighborhood.
Let's check sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"local benefits" - benefits for a particular locality.
"local benefit-seeking" - seeking benefits for a particular locality.
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood".
Let's look at the context: "local benefits for their respective constituencies". Constituency is a locality.
Sense 2 fits "particular locality or neighborhood".
Let's consider "local authorities" (sense 1).
"local taxes" (sense 1).
"local customs" (sense 2).
"local schools" (sense 2).
"local benefits" - benefits for a particular locality.
I think sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's re-read sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood".
"local benefits" are benefits belonging to a particular locality (the constituency).
Therefore, sense 2.
Let's double check.
"local benefit-seeking" -> seeking benefits for a particular locality.
Yes, sense 2.
Wait, "local" modifying "benefits". Benefits for a particular locality.
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood".
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Republican</t> colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Republican" in the context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The context contrasts "Democratic legislators" with "Republican colleagues".
This clearly refers to the Republican Party.
Sense 1: relating to or belonging to the Republican Party (a Republican senator; Republican party politics).
Sense 2: having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens... (republican form of government).

The context is about the Republican Party.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colleague
Target surface form: colleagues
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican <t>colleagues</t>. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colleague%1:18:00:: | definition=an associate that one works with | synonyms=co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow
2. sense_key=colleague%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is member of one's class or profession | synonyms=confrere, fellow | examples=the surgeon consulted his colleagues; he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "colleagues" in the context of "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
The context is about legislators (politicians) in Congress.
Sense 1: an associate that one works with (co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow)
Sense 2: a person who is member of one's class or profession (confrere, fellow) - example: "the surgeon consulted his colleagues"

In this context, "colleagues" refers to fellow legislators, members of the same profession/class (legislators/politicians).
Wait, "colleagues" in Congress are members of the same profession/class.
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "the surgeon consulted his colleagues; he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers".
Legislators are members of the same profession/class.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"an associate that one works with" vs "a person who is member of one's class or profession".
In Congress, they are members of the same profession (legislators).
"their Republican colleagues" -> fellow members of the profession (legislators).
Let's look at sense 2: "a person who is member of one's class or profession".
Yes, "colleagues" here means fellow legislators, which fits "member of one's class or profession".
Let's double check.
"colleague" in WordNet:
1. colleague, co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow: an associate that one works with
2. colleague, confrere, fellow: a person who is member of one's class or profession ("the surgeon consulted his colleagues"; "he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers")

In the text: "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
They are fellow legislators, members of the same profession.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's consider sense 1: "an associate that one works with". While they work together, the emphasis is on them being fellow members of the legislative profession (like surgeons or hackers in the examples).
I will choose sense 2.
Wait, let's re-read the context. "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."
"colleagues" = fellow legislators.
Sense 2: "a person who is member of one's class or profession".
I'll output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: First
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. <t>First</t>, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "First" in the context: "Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
The word "First" is used to introduce the first piece of evidence.
Sense 1: before anything else (firstly, foremost, first of all, first off). Example: "first we must consider the garter snake". This matches the usage of "First," to introduce the first point in a list or argument.
Sense 2: the initial time.
Sense 3: before another in time, space, or importance.
Sense 4: prominently forward.

"First" here means "firstly" or "first of all", introducing the first point.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
Let's double check.
"First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find..." -> "Firstly, economists..."
Sense 1: before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo <t>find</t> that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
The target word is "find".
The economists established this fact after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
3. come upon after searching
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose
8. make a discovery, make a new finding
9. make a discovery
10. obtain through effort or management
11. decide on and make a declaration about
12. receive a specified treatment
13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place
14. get or find back; recover the use of
15. succeed in reaching; arrive at
16. accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" fits perfectly with "economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that...". They conducted a study/investigation and established this fact.
Wait, let's check sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of".
Sense 4 is specifically "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study". The context mentions "economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more...". This is a finding from a study or calculation.
Let's re-read sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 9: "make a discovery" (She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover).
Sense 4 is the best fit for scientific/academic findings. "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is an example. "find the product of two numbers".
Wait, sense 4 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".
Let's check the context again: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
This is a result of an investigation or study.
Therefore, sense 4 is the most appropriate.
Let's double check sense 4 vs sense 2.
Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint).
Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" (find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize).
The economists established this fact after a study. So sense 4 is the best.
Let's review the options.
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize

Yes, sense 4 is the best.
I will output {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated <t>personal</t> staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" in the context of "personal staff budgets".
The context says: "GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking..."
"Personal staff" refers to staff assigned to a particular individual (the senator).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (a personal favor; for your personal use)
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality (personal magnetism)
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (personal hygiene)
5. indicating grammatical person (personal verb endings)

Sense 2: "particular to a given individual" fits "personal staff" (staff particular to a given individual, i.e., the senator).
Wait, "personal staff" means staff assigned to a specific person.
Let's check sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
Is "personal staff" particular to a given individual? Yes, each senator has their own personal staff.
Let's consider "personal" in "personal staff".
In WordNet, "personal" as an adjective:
- personal (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality)
- personal (particular to a given individual) -> e.g., "personal staff" might fall under this? Or maybe "personal" as in "personal staff" is sense 1?
Wait, if it's "personal staff", it's staff for a particular person.
Let's look at WordNet for "personal".
Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality.
Sense 2: particular to a given individual.
Let's search for "personal staff" in WordNet or similar.
Actually, "personal" in "personal staff" means "particular to a given individual" (e.g., personal physician, personal staff).
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
Wait, sense 1 examples: "a personal favor; for your personal use".
Sense 2 examples: maybe "personal staff"?
Let's think if "personal staff" is sense 1 or 2.
"personal" meaning "particular to a given individual" (e.g., personal physician, personal staff).
Let's check the exact WordNet definition for sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
Is "personal staff" sense 1 or 2?
"personal" (adj)
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality; "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal papers"; "I have something personal to tell you"; "a personal friendship"
2. particular to a given individual; "a personal physician"; "personal staff"
Yes, "personal staff" is a classic example for sense 2!
Let me double check. "personal physician", "personal staff".
Yes, "particular to a given individual" is sense 2.
Let's confirm: "personal staff" -> particular to a given individual.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being
5. indicating grammatical person

"personal staff" -> staff particular to a given individual (the senator).
So sense 2 is correct.
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.
Checking if "personal staff" is indeed sense 2.
WordNet 3.1:
personal (adj)
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality; "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal papers"; "I have something personal to tell you"; "a personal friendship"
2. particular to a given individual; "a personal physician"; "personal staff"
Yes, "personal staff" is explicitly an example for sense 2.
I am confident in sense 2.
Context: "allocated personal staff budgets"
Target: personal
Sense: 2
Done.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staff
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal <t>staff</t> budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "staff" in the context: "GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking..."
The context refers to "personal staff", which means the personnel who assist a senator in carrying out their tasks.
Sense 1: personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task. Examples: "the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions".
Sense 3: the body of teachers and administrators at a school.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Let's double check. "personal staff budgets" -> personnel assisting the senator.
Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff <t>budgets</t> than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "budgets" in the context: "GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
The context refers to "allocated personal staff budgets", which means a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose (personal staff).
Sense 1: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose.
Sense 2: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them.

"allocated personal staff budgets" refers to the sum of money allocated for personal staff.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "allocated personal staff budgets" -> money allocated for personal staff.
Sense 1: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose.
Sense 2: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them.
Sense 1 is definitely the correct one.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than <t>Democrats</t> do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Democrats".
Context: "To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932... voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office... GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
The context clearly refers to members of the Democratic Party in the US Congress.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Sense 1 is the correct sense.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extent".
Context: "To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns."
Also: "...to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making..."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

In the context, "to the extent that" means "to the degree that" or "to the point that".
This matches sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends".

Let's check the examples: "the full extent of the law" (degree/point).
Sense 2 is about physical distance, area, or volume (e.g., desert, orchard).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: primary
Target surface form: primary
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the <t>primary</t> duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=primary%3:00:00:: | definition=of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary | examples=primary goals; a primary effect
2. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:underived:00 | definition=not derived from or reducible to something else; basic | examples=a primary instinct
3. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, main, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
4. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=of or being the essential or basic part | synonyms=elementary, elemental | examples=an elementary need for love and nurturing
5. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:essential:00 | definition=of primary importance | synonyms=basal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "primary" in the context: "To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns."
The phrase is "primary duty".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary (primary goals; a primary effect)
2. not derived from or reducible to something else; basic (a primary instinct)
3. most important element (chief, main, principal, master) (the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass)
4. of or being the essential or basic part (elementary, elemental) (an elementary need for love and nurturing)
5. of primary importance (basal)

"primary duty" means the main or chief duty.
Sense 3: most important element (chief, main, principal, master).
Let's check the examples: "the chief aim of living". "primary duty" is very similar to "chief aim".
Wait, sense 1: "of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary".
Sense 3: "most important element" (chief, main, principal, master).
Is "primary duty" sense 3?
Let's see: "primary" as an adjective meaning "chief, main, principal".
"primary duty" -> main duty.
Sense 3 has synonyms: chief, main, principal, master.
Let's check WordNet for "primary".
Sense 3: "most important element" -> chief, main, principal, master.
Wait, "primary" in "primary duty" is often sense 3.
Let's consider "primary" meaning "chief, main, principal".
"the primary duty of personal staff" -> the main duty.
Sense 3 fits perfectly.
Let's double check sense 1: "of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary".
Sense 3: "most important element" (chief, main, principal, master).
"primary duty" -> main duty.
I will choose sense 3.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for sense 3: chief, main, principal, master.
"primary duty" = "main duty".
Yes, sense 3 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 1. "primary goals" is sense 1. "primary effect" is sense 1.
"primary duty" is more like "chief aim" (sense 3).
I'll go with 3.
Let's review the definition of sense 3: "most important element". Wait, the definition is "most important element" but the examples are "the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass".
Actually, WordNet 3.1:
primary (adj)
1. of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary; "primary goals"; "a primary effect"
2. not derived from or reducible to something else; basic; "a primary instinct"
3. of or being the essential or basic part (Wait, sense 4 is "of or being the essential or basic part")
Let's check the provided candidate senses:
1. sense_key=primary%3:00:00:: | definition=of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary | examples=primary goals; a primary effect
2. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:underived:00 | definition=not derived from or reducible to something else; basic | examples=a primary instinct
3. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, main, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
4. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=of or being the essential or basic part | synonyms=elementary, elemental | examples=an elementary need for love and nurturing
5. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:essential:00 | definition=of primary importance | synonyms=basal

"primary duty" -> main duty.
Sense 3 is "most important element" with synonyms chief, main, principal, master.
I will select 3.
Wait, "primary" in "primary duty" could be sense 3.
Let's consider "primary" as "chief, main, principal".
Yes, sense 3.
I will output 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duty
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary <t>duty</t> of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "duty" in the context: "To the extent that the primary <t>duty</t> of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns."
The context talks about the primary "duty" of personal staff, which refers to the work or tasks they are obliged to perform.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; synonyms=responsibility, obligation
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff

The context says "the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking". This aligns perfectly with sense 2: "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons", like "the duties of the job".
Sense 1 is more about the abstract concept of responsibility or obligation ("instill a sense of duty").
Sense 2 is about the specific work or tasks of a job ("the primary duty of personal staff").

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "the primary duty of personal staff" -> the work that personal staff are obliged to perform. Yes, sense 2.
Format: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of <t>personal</t> staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" in the context of "personal staff budgets".
The context is about senators turning back their allocated "personal staff budgets".
"Personal staff" refers to staff that is particular to a given individual (the senator), as opposed to committee staff or other shared staff.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (a personal favor; for your personal use)
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality (personal magnetism)
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (personal hygiene)
5. indicating grammatical person (personal verb endings)

"Personal staff" means staff particular to a given individual (the senator).
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual" fits perfectly. "Personal staff" is staff assigned to a specific individual legislator.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality" - this is more about private life.
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual" - this is exactly what "personal staff" means in a congressional context (staff assigned to a specific member of Congress, as opposed to committee staff).

Let's read the context again: "GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
This means the staff budget allocated to each individual senator.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Sense 2 is "particular to a given individual".
I will output {"sense_index": 2}.
Wait, let's review sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality.
Sense 2: particular to a given individual.
"Personal staff" is staff particular to a given individual.
Yes, sense 2.
Let's confirm WordNet sense for "personal" meaning "particular to a given individual".
WordNet: personal (adj) - particular to a given individual.
Example: "personal staff"
Yes, "personal staff" is a classic example for this sense in WordNet.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.