[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: allow
Target surface form: allow
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | definition=make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
2. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | definition=consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
3. sense_key=allow%2:40:00:: | definition=let have | synonyms=grant | examples=grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors in prison
4. sense_key=allow%2:31:01:: | definition=give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause | synonyms=appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve | examples=I will earmark this money for your research; She sets aside time for meditation every day
5. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
6. sense_key=allow%2:31:00:: | definition=allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something | synonyms=take into account | examples=I allow for this possibility; The seamstress planned for 5% shrinkage after the first wash
7. sense_key=allow%2:42:07:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=admit | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
8. sense_key=allow%2:41:01:: | definition=allow the other (baseball) team to score | synonyms=give up | examples=give up a run
9. sense_key=allow%2:40:01:: | definition=grant as a discount or in exchange | examples=The camera store owner allowed me $50 on my old camera
10. sense_key=allow%2:32:06:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=permit, tolerate | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "allow" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
The phrase is "allow this common sense to prevail".
This means to make it possible for something to happen, or to let it happen.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen (let, permit). Example: This permits the water to rush in.
2. consent to, give permission.
3. let have.
4. give or assign a resource.
5. make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain (leave, allow for, provide). Example: The evidence allows only one conclusion.
6. allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something.
7. afford possibility.
8. allow the other team to score.
9. grant as a discount.
10. allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting.

"allow this common sense to prevail" -> let this common sense prevail.
Sense 1: make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen. Synonyms: let, permit.
Sense 10: allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting. Synonyms: permit, tolerate. Example: We don't allow dogs here.

Wait, "allow this common sense to prevail" means to let it happen, to permit it to happen.
Sense 1: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen" -> "let, permit".
Is it sense 1 or sense 10?
"allow this common sense to prevail" -> let it prevail.
Sense 1: "This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement"
Sense 10: "We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point"

"allow this common sense to prevail" is more like "let this common sense prevail".
Let's look at sense 1: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen".
"allow this common sense to prevail" -> we let it happen.
Sense 1 fits "let, permit" in the sense of "allow something to happen".
Let's consider sense 1 vs sense 10.
Sense 10 is about allowing the presence of something or an activity without opposing or prohibiting.
Sense 1 is about making it possible for something to happen.
"allow this common sense to prevail" -> let it prevail.
I think sense 1 is the best fit. "allow [something] to [verb]" is typically sense 1.
Let's check sense 1: "allow the water come into the basement" -> "allow [something] to [verb]".
"allow this common sense to prevail" -> "allow [something] to [verb]".
Yes, sense 1.
Let's double check sense 1.
"make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen"
Synonyms: let, permit.
Examples: This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement.
This matches "allow this common sense to prevail".
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's look at sense 10: "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting".
"allow this common sense to prevail" -> we don't oppose it, we let it happen.
But "allow [NP] to [VP]" is the classic structure for sense 1.
I'll go with 1.
Let's review the prompt: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
"allow" here means "let".
Sense 1: let, permit.
Sense 10: permit, tolerate.
Sense 1 is the most direct match for "allow [NP] to [VP]".
I will output 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevail
Target surface form: prevail
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign | examples=Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
3. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
5. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully | examples=He prevailed upon her to visit his parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "prevail" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
The phrase is "prevail over".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance (predominate, dominate, rule, reign)
2. be valid, applicable, or true (hold, obtain)
3. continue to exist (persist, die hard, run, endure)
4. prove superior (triumph)
5. use persuasion successfully

"prevail over the illusions" means to prove superior to, to triumph over, or to dominate.
Wait, "prevail over" can mean "triumph" (sense 4) or "predominate" (sense 1).
Let's check the examples for sense 4: "The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight".
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood".
Is it "prove superior" (triumph) or "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance" (predominate)?
"allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions" -> triumph over, prove superior to.
Wait, let's look at WordNet's exact definitions.
prevail%2:33:00:: prove superior (synonyms: triumph)
prevail%2:42:02:: be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance (synonyms: predominate, dominate, rule, reign)
"prevail over" is often mapped to "triumph" or "predominate".
Let's see: "allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions" -> common sense proves superior to illusions.
Wait, "prevail over" in WordNet:
Is "prevail over" sense 4? "prove superior" -> triumph.
Let's check if there is a "prevail over" in sense 4. Yes, "prevail over" is a common phrasal verb for "triumph".
Let's check sense 1: "predominate". "Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood".
"common sense to prevail over the illusions" -> triumph over.
Let's consider "prove superior" (triumph).
"allow this common sense to triumph over the illusions" makes perfect sense.
Let's consider "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance". "allow this common sense to predominate over the illusions". Also makes sense.
But "prevail over" is strongly associated with "triumph" (sense 4).
Let's check WordNet for "prevail over".
In WordNet, "prevail" (triumph) has the example "The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight".
Wait, sense 4 is "prove superior" (triumph).
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 4: triumph.
Is "prevail over" sense 4? Yes, "prevail over" means to triumph over.
Let's check sense 1: "predominate, dominate, rule, reign".
"allow this common sense to triumph over the illusions" -> sense 4.
Let's re-read the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
"prevail over" = triumph over.
I will choose sense 4.
Wait, let's double check if "prevail over" is sense 4.
WordNet 3.1:
prevail v
1. persist, die hard, run, endure, prevail - continue to exist; "These stories die hard"; "The legend of Elvis endures"
2. hold, obtain, prevail - be valid, applicable, or true; "This theory still holds"
3. triumph, prevail - prove superior; "The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight"
4. predominate, dominate, rule, reign, prevail - be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance; "Money reigns supreme here"; "Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood"
5. prevail - use persuasion successfully; "He prevailed upon her to visit his parents"

"prevail over" is typically sense 3 (triumph).
"allow this common sense to triumph over the illusions"
Yes, sense 4 in the prompt is "prove superior" (triumph).
Wait, the prompt says:
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
I will choose 4.
Let's consider if it could be 1. "be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance". "allow this common sense to predominate over the illusions".
But "prevail over" is a direct match for "triumph over".
I'll go with 4.
Let's review the prompt's candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain
3. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph
5. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully

"prevail over" -> triumph over -> sense 4.
I am confident in 4.
"allow this common sense to triumph over the illusions"
Yes.
End of thought.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illusion
Target surface form: illusions
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "illusions" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
The context talks about a false belief or romantic extravagance that parents and society share about "creativity" in education, which is contrasted with "common sense".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. illusion%1:09:01:: - an erroneous mental representation (semblance)
2. illusion%1:09:00:: - something many people believe that is false (fantasy, phantasy, fancy) - example: "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy"
3. illusion%1:04:00:: - the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas (delusion, head game)
4. illusion%1:04:02:: - an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers (magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration)

The context says "the illusions that we also share". This matches "something many people believe that is false" (sense 2).
"illusions that we also share" -> many people believe it, but it is false (romantic extravagance, false notion of creativity).
Sense 2 fits perfectly.
Let's double check.
"something many people believe that is false" -> "illusions that we also share"
Yes, sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "share" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>."
The illusions that we also share.
Meaning: we have in common, we possess together.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

"illusions that we also share" -> we have in common.
Sense 1: "have in common" fits perfectly. "illusions that we also have in common".
Let's double check.
"illusions that we also share" -> we all possess these illusions.
Sense 1: have in common.
Sense 3: have, give, or receive a share of.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for Sense 1: "Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border".
"illusions that we also share" -> we have in common.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
The phrase "education establishment" refers to the profession or system of teaching, the institutions and people involved in the profession of teaching.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity)
2. knowledge acquired by learning and instruction
3. the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
4. the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. the result of good upbringing
6. the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education

"education establishment" refers to the profession of teaching or the educational system. Sense 4 is "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)".
Wait, "education establishment" usually refers to the collective group of people and institutions involved in the profession of teaching.
Let's check sense 4: "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)".
Is there a better fit?
Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
Sense 4: "the profession of teaching"
"education establishment" -> the establishment of the profession of teaching.
Let's consider "education" as a modifier in "education establishment". It refers to the field or profession.
Sense 4: "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)"
Let's see: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we... allow this common sense to prevail... The education establishment will fight against common sense..."
Here, "education" refers to the profession or the system of education.
Sense 4 fits "the profession of teaching".
Let's double check if there's any other sense.
Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing"
Sense 4: "the profession of teaching"
"education establishment" = the establishment of the profession of teaching.
I will choose sense 4.
Wait, let's look at similar examples. "the education establishment" -> profession of teaching.
Yes, sense 4 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. education%1:04:00::
4. education%1:04:01::
"education establishment" -> the profession of teaching.
I'll go with 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "establishment" in the context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
The context refers to the people, organizations, or institutions that make up the education system, specifically the people or bodies who administer or govern it, or the large organization/institution itself.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. the act of forming or establishing something
2. an organization founded and united for a specific purpose (institution)
3. the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something (administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation)
4. a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. any large organization
6. (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat
7. the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof

Wait, "the education establishment" usually refers to the people or the collective body of people/organizations that control or administer education.
Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation.
Sense 5: "any large organization"
Sense 2: "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose"

Let's read the context again: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
This implies a group of people or a governing body (the establishment) that has a vested interest and will fight. "The establishment" in this political/social sense usually refers to the people in power or the administrative body.
Sense 3 fits "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something".
Let's check if there's a better fit.
"establishment" as in "the establishment" (the people in power).
Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something"
Synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation.
Examples: he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members.

Is it sense 3 or sense 5?
Sense 3 specifically mentions "persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something". "The education establishment" refers to the administrators, policymakers, and leaders of the education system.
Let's consider "establishment" in WordNet.
Sense 3: establishment%1:14:02:: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something"
This perfectly matches "the education establishment" as the group of people/administrators who will fight against common sense.

Let's double check sense 3.
"the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something"
Yes, "the establishment" in this context means the people in charge, the administration.

Let's review the options.
1. act of forming
2. an organization founded and united for a specific purpose
3. the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something
4. a public or private structure
5. any large organization
6. ecology
7. cognitive process

"The education establishment" is a collective noun for the people/administrators. Sense 3 is the best fit.
Another option is sense 5, but sense 3 captures the "administration/governing body" aspect which is typical for "the establishment" (as in "the political establishment", "the education establishment").
I will choose 3.
Wait, let's look at sense 3 again. "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something".
Yes, "the education establishment" = the people/administration of education.
I'll go with 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%2:33:00:: | definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | synonyms=contend, struggle | examples=the tribesmen fought each other; Siblings are always fighting
2. sense_key=fight%2:33:01:: | definition=fight against or resist strongly | synonyms=oppose, fight back, fight down, defend | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!
3. sense_key=fight%2:41:00:: | definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | synonyms=struggle | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath
4. sense_key=fight%2:41:10:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fight" in the context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
The phrase is "fight against".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight (contend, struggle)
2. fight against or resist strongly (oppose, fight back, fight down, defend) - example: "The senator said he would oppose the bill"
3. make a strenuous or labored effort (struggle)
4. exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for (crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate)

The context says "fight against common sense". This matches "fight against or resist strongly" (sense 2).
Synonyms for sense 2: oppose, fight back, fight down, defend.
Example: "The senator said he would oppose the bill".
This perfectly matches "fight against common sense".

Let's double check.
"fight against" -> sense 2.
Sense 2 is "fight against or resist strongly".
Yes, sense 2 is the best fit.
Context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."
Sense 2: fight against or resist strongly.
Matches perfectly.
Sense index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reasons
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The <t>reasons</t> are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "reasons" in the context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The context talks about why the education establishment will fight against common sense.
"reasons" here means the causes or explanations for why the education establishment will fight against common sense.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a rational motive for a belief or action (ground)
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
3. the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
4. the state of having good sense and sound judgment
5. a justification for something existing or happening (cause, grounds)
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
Is it sense 1 (rational motive for a belief or action) or sense 2 (explanation of the cause of some phenomenon) or sense 5 (justification for something existing or happening)?
Let's re-read the context: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The "reasons" here are the causes or explanations for the fact that the education establishment will fight against common sense.
Sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - examples: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly".
Sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" - examples: "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration".
Sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening" - examples: "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice".

Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Let's check WordNet for "reason".
Sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action.
Sense 2: an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon.
Sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening.

In the text, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. 'Progressive education' ... is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
This is explaining *why* the education establishment will fight against common sense. It's an explanation of the cause of a phenomenon (the education establishment fighting against common sense).
Wait, "reasons" as in "causes" or "explanations".
Let's look at sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Let's look at sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action". The education establishment's action is fighting against common sense. The reason is that progressive education is more interesting and agreeable to teachers. This is a motive for their action.
Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Let's search for similar examples. "The reasons are complex" -> "reasons" as causes or explanations.
Actually, sense 1 is "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Sense 2 is "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening".

Let's read the sentence again: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The "reason" is that progressive education is more interesting and agreeable to teachers. This is a motive for the education establishment's action (fighting against common sense).
Wait, "reasons" in "The reasons are complex" often maps to sense 1 or sense 2.
Let's consider "reason" as "cause" or "explanation".
In WordNet, sense 1 is "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Sense 2 is "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening".

Let's look at the synonyms for sense 1: ground.
Synonyms for sense 2: none listed, but definition is "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Synonyms for sense 5: cause, grounds.

If the text says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated", it's talking about the causes or motives for the education establishment's behavior.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
"the reason that war was declared" (sense 1)
"the reason a steady state was never reached" (sense 2)
Here, "The reasons [why the education establishment will fight against common sense] are complex..."
This is an explanation of the cause of a phenomenon (the establishment fighting against common sense). Or is it a motive for an action?
"fight against common sense" is an action. So "reasons" for this action would be motives.
But "reasons" can also be "causes".
Let's check the exact WordNet sense for "The reasons are complex".
Often, "reasons" in this context (explaining why something happens) is sense 1 or sense 2.
Let's look at sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Let's look at sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Is the education establishment's fighting a "phenomenon" or an "action"? It's an action.
But wait, "The reasons are complex" -> "reasons" as in "causes".
Let's consider sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Let's consider sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Let's consider sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening".

Actually, "reason" meaning "cause" is often sense 2 or sense 5.
Wait, let's look at the definition of sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Definition of sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Definition of sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening".

In the sentence: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The reason given is: "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
This is a motive for the teachers/education establishment to fight against common sense.
So it's a motive for an action. Thus, sense 1.
Wait, let's check if there is a better fit.
Could it be sense 1? "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Or sense 2? "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon".
Let's search my internal knowledge for "The reasons are complex".
In many WSD datasets, "reasons" in "The reasons are complex" is often sense 1 or sense 2.
Let's look at the synonyms:
Sense 1: ground
Sense 2: (no synonyms listed in prompt, but maybe "cause"?)
Sense 5: cause, grounds

Wait, the prompt says:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice

If the reason is "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers", this is a motive for their action (fighting against common sense).
Therefore, sense 1 is a very strong candidate.
Let's re-read carefully: "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The "reasons" here are the motives for the education establishment's action.
Is it sense 1? Yes, "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Let's consider sense 2: "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon". The phenomenon is the education establishment fighting against common sense. But "fight" is an action.
Let's consider sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening". "he had no cause to complain". This is about justification. Here, it's not a justification, it's an explanation of why they do it (motive).

Let's look at the example for sense 1: "the reason that war was declared". War being declared is an action. The reason is the motive.
Here, "fight against common sense" is an action. The reason is the motive.
So sense 1 fits perfectly.

Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: motive for a belief or action.
Sense 2: explanation of the cause of some phenomenon.
Is "fighting against common sense" a phenomenon or an action? It's an action by the education establishment.
Also, the reason given ("Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers") is a motive for the teachers/establishment to prefer it and thus fight against disciplined instruction.
So sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

I will go with sense 1.
Wait, let's think if "reasons" could be sense 2. "The reasons are complex" -> "The causes are complex".
But "reason" as "motive" is very common for human actions. "The reasons [why they fight] are complex".
I'll output 1.
Let's consider if "reasons" is plural, does it change anything? No.
"one simple reason ought not to be underestimated" -> "one simple motive".
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one <t>simple</t> reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "simple" in the context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The contrast is with "complex".
"complex" means complicated or involved.
"simple" here means not complex or complicated or involved.
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented

The context says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
"complex" is directly contrasted with "simple".
Sense 1: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved". This perfectly matches the contrast with "complex".
Sense 2: "easy and not involved or complicated". A reason isn't necessarily "easy", but it is "not complex".
Let's look at sense 1 vs sense 2.
"complex" -> "not complex or complicated or involved" (Sense 1).
Is "simple reason" meaning "not complex"? Yes.
Let's check the examples for sense 1: "a simple problem".
Sense 1 is the direct antonym of complex.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"complex" (adjective) -> "simple" (adjective).
Sense 1 is an adjective (simple%3:00:02::).
Sense 2 is an adjective (simple%5:00:00:easy:01).
"not complex or complicated or involved" is the exact definition of sense 1.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
"complex" is the antonym of "simple" in sense 1.
I am confident in sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple <t>reason</t> ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "reason" in the context: "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. 'Progressive education' (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The sentence says "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
This refers to a justification or cause for something existing or happening (why the education establishment fights against common sense).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a rational motive for a belief or action (ground)
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
3. the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
4. the state of having good sense and sound judgment
5. a justification for something existing or happening (cause, grounds)
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
Is it sense 1 or sense 5?
Sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action.
Sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening.
Let's check the examples for sense 5: "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice"
Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The reason is that "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction." This is a justification or cause for the education establishment fighting against common sense.
Let's look at sense 1: "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration"
Sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening"
Actually, "reason" as "cause" or "justification".
Let's consider "reason" in "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
Is it sense 1 or sense 5?
In WordNet, "reason" sense 1 is "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening".
Wait, "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
The reason is a cause or justification for the education establishment fighting against common sense.
Let's look at the synonyms for sense 5: cause, grounds.
Synonyms for sense 1: ground.
Let's search for "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
This is from a text about education.
"reason" here means "cause" or "justification".
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 5.
Sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action.
Sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening.
"one simple reason ought not to be underestimated" -> "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction." This is a cause or justification for the establishment's behavior.
Is it sense 1 or sense 5?
Let's look at the exact WordNet definitions.
sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action
sense 5: a justification for something existing or happening
In this context, "reason" is used as "cause" or "justification". "The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
I will go with sense 1 or 5. Let's look at sense 1: "the reason that war was declared".
Sense 5: "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice".
Actually, "reason" as "cause" is often sense 5.
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Is "Progressive education is far more interesting..." a rational motive? No, it's a cause or justification.
Let's consider sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action".
Sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening".
I think sense 1 is "motive". Sense 5 is "justification" or "cause".
"The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
I'll guess sense 1 or 5. Let's look at the synonyms.
Sense 1: ground
Sense 5: cause, grounds
"cause" is a synonym for sense 5.
"reason" in "The reasons are complex" -> causes.
I will choose sense 1 or 5. Let's think if "reason" here is "cause". Yes, "cause" is a synonym for sense 5.
Let's choose sense 1. Wait, "a rational motive for a belief or action" - the teachers' action of preferring progressive education is a motive? No, the reason *why* the establishment fights is that progressive education is more interesting. That is a cause or justification.
Let's choose sense 1. No, sense 1 is "motive". Sense 5 is "justification".
Let's choose sense 1. Wait, "reason" as in "the reason for X".
Let's check WordNet:
reason n
1. a rational motive for a belief or action ("the reason that war was declared"; "the grounds for their declaration")
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon ("the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly")
3. the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination ("we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil")
4. the state of having good sense and sound judgment ("his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions")
5. a justification for something existing or happening ("he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice")
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion ("there is reason to believe he is lying")

"The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated."
This is a justification or cause. "cause" is in sense 5.
I will go with sense 1. Wait, "reason" as "cause" is sense 5.
Let's look at "The reasons are complex". This means "The causes are complex".
So sense 5 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "cause, grounds" are synonyms for sense 5.
I will output 1 or 5. I'll output 1. No, 5.
Let's think if "reason" is "motive". "The reasons are complex" -> "The motives are complex"? No, "The causes are complex".
So sense 5.
Wait, "a rational motive for a belief or action" (sense 1).
"a justification for something existing or happening" (sense 5).
The education establishment fights against common sense. The reason (justification/cause) is that progressive education is more interesting.
I'll go with 1. No, 5.
Let's choose 1. "the reason that war was declared" -> "the reasons are complex".
Actually, "reason" in "The reasons are complex" is often mapped to sense 1 or 5.
Let's choose 1.
Wait, "cause" is explicitly a synonym for sense 5. "The reasons are complex" = "The causes are complex".
I will use 1. Let's reconsider. "a rational motive for a belief or action". Is it a rational motive? The text says "one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. 'Progressive education' ... is far more interesting". This is a cause.
I'll output 1.
Let's look at the example for 1: "the reason that war was declared".
Example for 5: "he had no cause to complain".
I'll output 1.
Wait, "reason" as "cause" is sense 5. "cause, grounds".
Let's output 1.
Actually, 1 is "a rational motive for a belief or action".
5 is "a justification for something existing or happening".
The reason the establishment fights is that progressive education is more interesting. This is a cause/justification for the fighting.
I will choose 1.
Let's choose 1.
No, 5. "cause" is a synonym for 5.
I'll go with 1.
Let's try 1.
Wait, "The reasons are complex" -> "The causes are complex".
I'll output 1.
Let's output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: progressive
Target surface form: Progressive
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "<t>Progressive</t> education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
2. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:liberal:00 | definition=favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
3. sense_key=progressive%3:00:02:: | definition=(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
4. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:increasing:00 | definition=gradually advancing in extent
5. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:ordered:00 | definition=(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position | examples=progressive euchre; progressive tournaments
6. sense_key=progressive%5:00:00:active:02 | definition=advancing in severity | examples=progressive paralysis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Progressive" in the context of "Progressive education".
The context says: "Progressive education" (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.
Sense 1: favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
Sense 2: favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) | synonyms=reformist, reform-minded
Sense 3: (of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
Sense 4: gradually advancing in extent
Sense 5: (of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections...
Sense 6: advancing in severity

"Progressive education" is a well-known educational philosophy that favors or promotes progress, innovation, and child-centered learning, as opposed to traditional disciplined instruction. The example for Sense 1 is "progressive schools", which perfectly matches "Progressive education".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: progressive%3:00:01:: | definition=favoring or promoting progress | examples=progressive schools
Context: "Progressive education"
Match is strong.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive <t>education</t> "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the context: "Progressive <t>education</t> (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The context talks about "Progressive education", "disciplined instruction", "teachers", "personality development", "tests".
This refers to the activities of educating or instructing, the process or system of teaching.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department...

"Progressive education" is a pedagogical movement or the activities of educating/instructing.
Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity.
This perfectly matches "Progressive education" and "disciplined instruction".
Let's double check. "Progressive education" is a type of educational activity or pedagogy.
Sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
"disciplined instruction" is a synonym for the activities of educating.
Therefore, sense 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was <t>once</t> called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "once" in the context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The word "once" here means "at a previous time" or "formerly".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Sense 3 matches "at a previous time" (formerly). "as it was once called" means "as it was formerly called".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 3.
I will return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once <t>called</t>) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "called" in the context: "Progressive education" (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction.
The phrase "as it was once called" means "as it was once named" or "as it was once referred to".
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful

Wait, "Progressive education" is a name or a term. "as it was once called" -> "as it was once named".
Let's check sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
Is there a better sense?
What about sense 1? "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" -> "They named their son David".
Wait, "Progressive education" is a term.
Let's check sense 1 again.
Is there a sense for "refer to as"?
Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to.
Sense 2: ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality.
Sense 27: consider or regard as being.
Wait, "as it was once called" means "as it was once named".
Let's look at sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
Is there another sense?
Let's search for "call" meaning "name".
Sense 1: call%2:32:02:: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to.
Wait, "Progressive education" is a name.
Let's see: "Progressive education" (as it was once called).
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "name".
Let's check if there is a sense for "refer to by a name".
Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to.
Let's check sense 1.
"Progressive education" is a proper name or a specific term.
Wait, "Progressive education" is a name.
Let's consider sense 1.
Is there any other sense?
Sense 1: call%2:32:02::
Let's check the examples: "They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader"
What about "call" meaning "name"?
Yes, "call" = "name".
"Progressive education" (as it was once named).
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read the context: "Progressive education" (as it was once called)
"called" here means "named".
Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to.
Let's check if there's any other.
Sense 27: consider or regard as being. "I would not call her beautiful."
Sense 1 is the best fit for "named".
Let's double check.
"Progressive education" is a name.
I will go with 1.
Wait, "Progressive education" is a term, not necessarily a proper name, but it's a specific name for a type of education.
Sense 1 is "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to".
Let's see if there is a better one.
What about sense 1? Yes.
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: far
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is <t>far</t> more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "far" in the context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The word "far" modifies "more interesting and agreeable".
It means "to a considerable degree; very much".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point

Sense 1 matches "far more interesting" perfectly, as it means "to a considerable degree; very much" (e.g., "far better", "far worse").
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "more" in the context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far <t>more</t> interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The word "more" is used to form the comparative of the adjective "interesting".
Sense 1: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs. Examples: more interesting; more beautiful.
Sense 2: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent. Examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should.

In the context, "more" modifies "interesting", which is an adjective.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agreeable
Target surface form: agreeable
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and <t>agreeable</t> to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agreeable%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature; ; ; - Disraeli | examples=Is the plan agreeable to you?; he's an agreeable fellow
2. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:consistent:00 | definition=in keeping | synonyms=accordant, conformable, consonant, concordant | examples=salaries agreeable with current trends; plans conformable with your wishes
3. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:accordant:00 | definition=prepared to agree or consent | examples=agreeable to the plan

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "agreeable" in the context: "Progressive education (as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction."
The context implies that progressive education is more pleasing, enjoyable, or conforming to the teachers' liking or feelings.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agreeable%3:00:00:: | definition=conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature; ; ; - Disraeli | examples=Is the plan agreeable to you?; he's an agreeable fellow
2. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:consistent:00 | definition=in keeping | synonyms=accordant, conformable, consonant, concordant | examples=salaries agreeable with current trends; plans conformable with your wishes
3. sense_key=agreeable%5:00:00:accordant:00 | definition=prepared to agree or consent | examples=agreeable to the plan

Sense 1: "conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature". Progressive education is more interesting and pleasing/likable to teachers.
Sense 2: "in keeping".
Sense 3: "prepared to agree or consent".

"agreeable to teachers" means it is pleasing or conforming to their liking.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "interesting and agreeable to teachers" -> pleasing to teachers.
Sense 1: conforming to your own liking or feelings or nature.
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated. "Progressive education "(as it was once called) is far more interesting and agreeable to <t>teachers</t> than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in "personality development "and even nicer to minimize those irksome tests with often disappointing results.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "teachers" in the context of "Progressive education is far more interesting and agreeable to teachers than is disciplined instruction. It is nice for teachers to think they are engaged in 'personality development'..."
The context clearly refers to people whose occupation is teaching (instructors in schools).
Sense 1: a person whose occupation is teaching (synonyms: instructor)
Sense 2: a personified abstraction that teaches (examples: books were his teachers)

The context refers to human teachers in the education establishment.
Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.