[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: field
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "field" in the context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The context talks about bellringing as a profession, activity, or area of endeavor.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. piece of land
2. region where a battle is fought
3. somewhere away from studio...
4. a branch of knowledge (discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study)
5. space around a radiating body
6. a particular kind of commercial enterprise (field of operation, line of business)
7. a particular environment or walk of life (sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena)
8. piece of land prepared for playing a game
9. extensive tract of level open land
10. mathematics set of elements
11. region in which active military operations are in progress
12. all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. geographic region under which something valuable is found
15. computer science set of characters
16. area that is visible
17. place where planes take off and land

Wait, "a particular environment or walk of life" (sense 7) or "a branch of knowledge" (sense 4) or "a particular kind of commercial enterprise" (sense 6)?
Let's re-read the context: "entered the once male-dominated field".
"field" here means a sphere of activity, a walk of life, a domain.
Synonyms for sense 7: sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena.
Examples for sense 7: his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment.
This perfectly matches "male-dominated field" (a closed area of employment / walk of life).
Let's check sense 4: "a branch of knowledge". Bellringing is not really a branch of knowledge or academic discipline.
Sense 6: "a particular kind of commercial enterprise". Bellringing is not a commercial enterprise.
Sense 7: "a particular environment or walk of life". Synonyms: sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena. "male-dominated field" -> "male-dominated sphere/domain/area".
Let's double check sense 7.
"his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment"
Yes, "male-dominated field" fits "a particular environment or walk of life".

Let's review the options.
4: branch of knowledge
6: commercial enterprise
7: particular environment or walk of life

"entered the once male-dominated field"
"field" = sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena.
Sense 7 is the best fit.
Let's check if there is any other sense.
"field" as in "field of endeavor".
WordNet sense 7: field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment

Yes, sense 7 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm the index.
1. field%1:15:00::
2. field%1:15:04::
3. field%1:15:01::
4. field%1:09:00::
5. field%1:19:00::
6. field%1:04:00::
7. field%1:26:00::
8. field%1:15:02::
9. field%1:17:00::
10. field%1:14:00::
11. field%1:15:03::
12. field%1:14:01::
13. field%1:14:02::
14. field%1:15:05::
15. field%1:14:03::
16. field%1:09:01::
17. field%1:06:00::

Index 7 is "a particular environment or walk of life".
Matches "male-dominated field" perfectly.
I will return 7.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: third
Target surface form: third
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=third%1:23:00:: | definition=one of three equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-third, tierce | examples=it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement
2. sense_key=third%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the third of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate) | synonyms=third base | examples=he is playing third
3. sense_key=third%1:24:00:: | definition=following the second position in an ordering or series | examples=a distant third; he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment
4. sense_key=third%1:10:00:: | definition=the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it | examples=a simple harmony written in major thirds
5. sense_key=third%1:06:00:: | definition=the third from the lowest forward ratio gear in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=third gear | examples=you shouldn't try to start in third gear
6. sense_key=third%1:06:01:: | definition=the base that must be touched third by a base runner in baseball | synonyms=third base | examples=he was cut down on a close play at third

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "third" in the context: "more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women."
This means one of three equal parts of a divisible whole.
Sense 1: one of three equal parts of a divisible whole. Synonyms: one-third, tierce. Example: it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement.
Sense 3: following the second position in an ordering or series.
The context says "more than a third of the ringers", which is a fraction (one-third).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Let's double check. "a third of the ringers" -> fraction.
Sense 1 is "one of three equal parts of a divisible whole".
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the <t>ringers</t> today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of "lack of ringers", "trained bellringers in England", "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", "attract and train ringers", "keep one new ringer out of 10".
The context clearly refers to people who ring church bells.
Candidate sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer".
This perfectly matches the context.
Sense index is 1.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers <t>today</t> are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "today".
Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
Here, "today" refers to the present time or age, not specifically the current day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).
Sense 1: the present time or age (e.g., the world of today; today we have computers).
Sense 2: the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).

In the context, "ringers today" means ringers in the present time/age, not just today's ringers.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are <t>women</t>. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "women" (lemma: woman).
Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
The context refers to women as a class or group of people, specifically female persons in general, or women as a class.
Wait, let's look at the senses:
1. an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
2. a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man
3. a human female employed to do housework
4. women as a class

"more than a third of the ringers today are women."
Is it "women as a class" or "an adult female person"?
"women" is plural. "a growing number of women have entered..."
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man). Plural: women.
Sense 4: women as a class. Synonyms: womanhood, fair sex. Examples: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation".
In the context, "women" refers to individual adult female persons who are ringers. "more than a third of the ringers today are women." This means they are adult female persons.
Let's check if "women as a class" fits better. "women as a class" is usually singular "woman" or plural "women" in a general sense, but here it's counting them: "a growing number of women", "more than a third of the ringers today are women". This points to sense 1: an adult female person.
Wait, "women" in sense 1 is the plural of "an adult female person".
Let's re-read sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)".
Let's re-read sense 4: "women as a class".
If I say "more than a third of the ringers today are women", I am saying they are adult female persons.
Let's consider "women" as plural of sense 1.
Yes, "women" = plural of woman (sense 1).
Let's double check. "a growing number of women" -> individual women.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the options.
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class

"more than a third of the ringers today are women." -> they are adult female persons.
I will choose 1.
Wait, could it be 1? Yes.
Let's confirm.
"women" in "a growing number of women" refers to individual adult females.
Sense 1 is correct.
I'll output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: accept
Target surface form: accepted
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not <t>accepted</t> everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=accept%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or hold as true | examples=I cannot accept the dogma of this church; accept an argument
2. sense_key=accept%2:40:00:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=take, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
3. sense_key=accept%2:32:00:: | definition=give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to | synonyms=consent, go for | examples=I cannot accept your invitation; I go for this resolution
4. sense_key=accept%2:31:01:: | definition=react favorably to; consider right and proper | examples=People did not accept atonal music at that time; We accept the idea of universal health care
5. sense_key=accept%2:40:03:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=admit, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
6. sense_key=accept%2:40:01:: | definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | synonyms=bear, take over, assume | examples=I'll accept the charges; She agreed to bear the responsibility
7. sense_key=accept%2:31:03:: | definition=tolerate or accommodate oneself to | synonyms=live with, swallow | examples=I shall have to accept these unpleasant working conditions; I swallowed the insult
8. sense_key=accept%2:42:00:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=take | examples=This surface will not take the dye
9. sense_key=accept%2:40:07:: | definition=receive (a report) officially, as from a committee
10. sense_key=accept%2:40:12:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=take | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
11. sense_key=accept%2:31:08:: | definition=be sexually responsive to, used of a female domesticated mammal | examples=The cow accepted the bull

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "accepted" in the context: "They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
The context is about women entering the field of bell-ringing, but not being "accepted" everywhere, specifically referring to being admitted into a group or community (like the male-only Ancient Society of College Youths).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. consider or hold as true
2. receive willingly something given or offered
3. give an affirmative reply to
4. react favorably to; consider right and proper
5. admit into a group or community (synonyms: admit, take, take on; examples: accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member)
6. take on as one's own the expenses or debts
7. tolerate or accommodate oneself to
8. be designed to hold or take
9. receive (a report) officially
10. make use of or accept for some purpose
11. be sexually responsive to

Sense 5 fits perfectly: "admit into a group or community". The women are not admitted into the male-only group.
Let's double check. "They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group... remains male-only". This means they are not admitted into the group.
Sense 5 is the best match.
Sense index: 5.
JSON format: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, <t>however</t>. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "however".
Context: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."
This means "despite anything to the contrary" or "nevertheless".
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner

"They are not accepted everywhere, however." -> "They are not accepted everywhere, nevertheless."
This matches sense 1.
Let's double check.
"despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)"
"They are not accepted everywhere, however."
Yes, sense 1.
Wait, let's look at sense 1 vs sense 2.
Sense 1: despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) -> nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so.
"They are not accepted everywhere, however." -> "They are not accepted everywhere, nevertheless."
Sense 2: by contrast; on the other hand.
The previous sentence says: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
Then: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."
This is a concession. "Despite the bright sign, they are not accepted everywhere."
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's confirm the sense index.
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00::
So sense_index: 1.
End of thought.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringing
Target surface form: bell-ringing
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest <t>bell-ringing</t> group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of someone playing a set of bells
2. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:10:00:: | definition=persuasion of voters in a political campaign | synonyms=electioneering, canvassing
3. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:04:00:: | definition=playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower | synonyms=carillon, carillon playing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bell-ringing".
Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
The context talks about "ringers" who ring bells in churches (St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey).
Candidate senses:
1. the sound of someone playing a set of bells
2. persuasion of voters in a political campaign
3. playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower | synonyms=carillon, carillon playing

Sense 3 fits perfectly, as it refers to the activity of playing a set of bells hung in a tower (like in churches).
Sense 1 is the sound, but the context refers to the activity/group of people doing the ringing ("bell-ringing group", "source of ringers").
Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower" matches "ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches".
Yes, sense 3.
Format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "group" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
The context refers to a collection of people (bell-ringers) considered as a unit.
Sense 1: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit. Synonyms: grouping.
Sense 2: (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together...
Sense 3: a set that is closed, associative...

Sense 1 is the best fit.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "country" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
The context refers to "Britain's most prestigious churches", so "the country" refers to the nation of Britain.
Sense 1: a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic).
Sense 2: the territory occupied by a nation (state, land).
Sense 3: the people who live in a nation or country (nation, land).
Sense 4: an area outside of cities and towns (rural area).
Sense 5: a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary.

Wait, "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country" refers to the nation as a whole, the politically organized body of people or the nation itself.
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "African nations".
Sense 2: "he visited several European countries".
Sense 3: "the news was announced to the nation".
In "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country", it means the nation (Britain).
Is it Sense 1 or Sense 2?
"country" as a nation.
Let's look at Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government". Synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic.
Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation". Synonyms: state, land.
Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country".
Sense 1 is "nation" as a political entity. "in the country" = in the nation.
Let's consider "country" meaning nation.
WordNet:
country%1:14:00:: (a politically organized body of people under a single government)
country%1:15:00:: (the territory occupied by a nation)
"the oldest bell-ringing group in the country" -> in the nation.
I will choose Sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
"Britain" is the country. Britain is a politically organized body of people under a single government.
So Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check if there's any other.
Sense 1: country%1:14:00::
Yes, "in the country" meaning "in the nation".
I'll output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: found
Target surface form: founded
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation
4. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
5. sense_key=detect%2:39:00:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
6. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=find, regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
8. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find, feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
9. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
10. sense_key=line_up%2:40:00:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up, find | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
11. sense_key=discover%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover, find | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
12. sense_key=discover%2:31:00:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover, find | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
13. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | synonyms=find | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
14. sense_key=rule%2:32:00:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule, find | examples=find someone guilty
15. sense_key=receive%2:30:01:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
16. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | synonyms=find | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
17. sense_key=recover%2:40:00:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, find, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
18. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | synonyms=find | examples=The arrow found its mark
19. sense_key=find_oneself%2:30:00:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself, find | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "founded" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
The word "founded" here means to set up or establish an organization or institution.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation

Wait, "founded in 1637" refers to the establishment of the society.
Sense 1: "set up or found" (establish, set up, launch).
Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (establish, plant, constitute, institute).
Let's check the examples. "She set up a literacy program" (Sense 1). "establish a new department" (Sense 2).
Actually, "found" as in "founded in 1637" is typically sense 1 or 2.
Let's look at WordNet:
found%2:41:00:: "set up or found" (establish, set up, launch)
found%2:36:00:: "set up or lay the groundwork for" (establish, plant, constitute, institute)
Wait, "found" in the sense of "establish an institution" is often sense 1.
Let's check the exact WordNet definitions.
found%2:41:00:: set up or found; "She set up a literacy program"
found%2:36:00:: set up or lay the groundwork for; "establish a new department"
Is "founded in 1637" more like "set up or found" or "set up or lay the groundwork for"?
"found" as in "founded in 1637" -> "set up or found".
Let's consider "found" (verb) in WordNet:
1. found, establish, set up, launch (set up or found)
2. found, establish, plant, constitute, institute (set up or lay the groundwork for)
3. found, establish, base, ground (use as a basis for; found on)

In WordNet, "found" meaning to establish an organization is sense 1.
"set up or found" -> "She set up a literacy program"
Wait, "founded in 1637" is exactly "set up or found".
Let's check if there is a distinction. "found" as in "establish an institution" is sense 1.
Let's choose 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
"found" = establish.
Sense 1: set up or found.
Sense 2: set up or lay the groundwork for.
I will go with 1.
Let's double check. "found" (verb) -> "set up or found" is the most direct match for "founded in 1637".
Yes, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "remains" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
The word "remains" here means "stays the same; remains in a certain state" (male-only).
Let's check the candidate senses:
1. stay the same; remain in a certain state (stay, rest) - "The dress remained wet..."
2. continue in a place, position, or situation (stay, stay on, continue) - "After graduation, she stayed on..."
3. be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. - "There remains the question..."
4. stay behind (persist, stay) - "The smell stayed in the room..."

"remains male-only" means it stays in the state of being male-only.
Sense 1: stay the same; remain in a certain state.
Let's double check. "remains male-only" -> stays the same, remains in a certain state.
Yes, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's review the examples for sense 1: "The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it". "remains male-only" is exactly like "remained wet".
Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "fact" in the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
The word "fact" here refers to a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred, specifically the circumstance that the group remains male-only.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

In the context, "a fact that's particularly galling" refers to the circumstance or piece of information that the group remains male-only.
Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred". This fits perfectly. The circumstance is that the group remains male-only.
Sense 2: "a statement or assertion of verified information". The text says "a fact that's particularly galling", referring to the circumstance itself, not necessarily a statement or assertion.
Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed". "a fact that's particularly galling" - the circumstance of being male-only.
Let's check WordNet for "fact".
fact%1:09:01:: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred"
fact%1:10:01:: "a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened"
fact%1:26:01:: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

"a fact that's particularly galling" -> the circumstance that the group remains male-only.
Is it sense 1 or sense 3?
"circumstances that exist" -> the group remains male-only. This is a circumstance that exists.
Let's consider "a fact that's particularly galling".
In WordNet, "fact" as a circumstance is sense 1.
Let's look at similar examples. "The fact that he is late is annoying." -> circumstance.
Sense 1: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.
Sense 3: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed.
I will go with sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women"
This is a circumstance that exists.
Sense 1: a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred.
Yes, sense 1.
Let's double check.
"first you must collect all the facts of the case"
"a fact that's particularly galling"
I'll select 1.
Wait, let's consider sense 1 vs sense 3.
"something known to have existed" vs "circumstances that exist".
"remains male-only" is a circumstance that exists.
So sense 1 is the best fit.
Another option: sense 1 is "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred".
I will output 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particularly
Target surface form: particularly
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular
3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "particularly" in the context: "a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
The word "particularly" modifies "galling".
Sense 1: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (peculiarly, especially, specially). Example: he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack.
Sense 2: specifically or especially distinguished from others (in particular). Example: loves Bach, particularly his partitas.
Sense 3: uniquely or characteristically. Example: these peculiarly cinematic elements.

In the context, "particularly galling" means "especially galling" or "to a distinctly greater extent galling".
This matches Sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common".
Let's double check.
"particularly galling" -> especially galling.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.
Sense 2 is about singling out a specific item (e.g., "particularly his partitas").
Sense 3 is about uniquely or characteristically (e.g., "peculiarly cinematic").

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Context: "a fact that's particularly galling to women" -> to a distinctly greater extent galling.
Synonyms: especially, specially.
Matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "women" in the context: "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."

The context refers to women as a class or group of female persons, specifically in contrast to men in a male-dominated field.
Wait, let's look at the candidate senses:
1. an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
2. a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man
3. a human female employed to do housework
4. women as a class

The text says "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. ... a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers..."
Is it "women as a class" (sense 4) or "an adult female person" (sense 1)?
"a growing number of women" -> plural, referring to individual adult female persons.
Wait, "women as a class" is usually singular "woman" or "women" in a general sense.
Let's check the examples for sense 4: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation".
Sense 1: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)". Examples: "the woman kept house while the man hunted".
In the text: "a growing number of women have entered... more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere... a fact that's particularly galling to women..."
This refers to adult female persons.
Wait, "women as a class" is sense 4. But the text says "a growing number of women", "more than a third of the ringers today are women", "galling to women". This is referring to the individuals, adult female persons.
Let's consider "women as a class" vs "an adult female person".
Actually, "women" plural usually maps to sense 1 (an adult female person). Sense 4 is often "woman" (singular) meaning women as a class, or "women" in a very abstract sense.
Let's look at similar examples. "women have entered the once male-dominated field" -> adult female persons.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"an adult female person (as opposed to a man)"
Yes, "women" here are adult female persons who are ringers.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, could it be 4? "women as a class" -> "women" in "galling to women". But "a growing number of women" clearly refers to countable adult female persons.
I'll go with 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "group".
Context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches..."
The word "group" here refers to a collection of people (bell-ringers) considered as a unit.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit".
The context talks about a "bell-ringing group", which is a group of people.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best match.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ringers" in the context of bell-ringing.
Context mentions: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", "attract and train ringers", "keep one new ringer out of 10", "oldest bell-ringing group", "sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches".
Candidate senses:
1. a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. a person who is almost identical to another
3. a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit.
Sense index: 1.
Format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "most" in the context: "the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
The word "most" is used to form the superlative of "prestigious".
Sense 1: used to form the superlative. Synonyms: to the highest degree. Example: the king cobra is the most dangerous snake.
Sense 2: very. Example: a most welcome relief.
Sense 3: (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but. Synonyms: about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually.

In "most prestigious", "most" is forming the superlative.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "most prestigious" -> superlative.
Sense 1 is "used to form the superlative".
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "churches" in the context: "the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
The context mentions "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey", which are physical buildings or places for public worship.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. Christian church (group of Christians)
2. church building (a place for public worship)
3. church service (a service conducted in a house of worship)
4. the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

"St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey" are physical buildings, places of worship.
Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
Yes, these are buildings.
Sense 2: a place for public (especially Christian) worship.
Matches perfectly.
JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "woman" in the context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
The context talks about women as a class or individual adult female persons.
Wait, "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit". This refers to an individual adult female person.
Let's check the senses:
1. an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
2. a female person who plays a significant role in the life of a particular man
3. a human female employed to do housework
4. women as a class

"no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit" -> an adult female person.
Is it sense 1 or sense 4?
"no woman" -> singular, referring to any individual adult female person.
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man).
Sense 4: women as a class. "woman is the glory of creation".
Here, "no woman" means no individual woman. So sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check. "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit" -> no single adult female person has filed.
Therefore, sense 1.
Context: "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit"
Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man)
Matches perfectly.
Sense 4 is "women as a class", e.g., "woman is the glory of creation".
So sense 1 is correct.
I will return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "filed" in the context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..."
The phrase is "filed an equal-opportunity suit".
This means to record in a public office or in a court of law, or to file a formal charge against.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife

"filed an equal-opportunity suit" is filing a lawsuit, which is recording in a court of law or filing a complaint.
Sense 1: "record in a public office or in a court of law" -> "file for divorce; file a complaint". This matches "filed an equal-opportunity suit".
Sense 4: "file a formal charge against" -> "The suspect was charged with murdering his wife". This is more about criminal charges.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
"filed an equal-opportunity suit" -> filing a lawsuit.
Sense 1: record in a public office or in a court of law.
Yes, "file a complaint" is exactly analogous to "file a suit".

Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "suit" in the context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World,"..."
The context talks about filing an equal-opportunity suit, which is a legal proceeding or lawsuit.
Sense 2: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" (synonyms: lawsuit, case, cause, causa).
This perfectly matches "equal-opportunity suit".
Therefore, the best indexed sense is 2.
I will return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extent".
Context: "...but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
Candidate senses:
1. extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

In the context, "the extent of the problem" refers to the degree or point to which the problem extends (how bad or widespread the problem is in terms of degree/severity, not physical distance or area).
Sense 1 matches "the extent of the damage", which is very similar to "the extent of the problem".
Sense 2 is about physical distance, area, or volume.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
Let's double check.
"the extent of the problem" -> degree to which the problem extends.
Sense 1: the point or degree to which something extends.
Sense 2: the distance or area or volume over which something extends.

Sense 1 is the correct choice.
The output format must be exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "problem".
Context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."
The "problem" refers to the difficulty or issue of women not being accepted everywhere, specifically the male-only policy of the Ancient Society of College Youths and the sexist attitudes of some ringers.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Wait, "extent of the problem" refers to a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, or a source of difficulty?
Let's look at the synonyms and examples.
Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" (synonyms: job). Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (synonyms: trouble). Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?"

In the context, "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer" refers to the issue of sexism/exclusion of women. This is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved, or a source of difficulty?
Actually, "problem" as "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" fits "the extent of the problem" (the issue of sexism).
Let's check WordNet.
problem%1:26:00:: is "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
problem%1:09:00:: is "a source of difficulty"

Is the sexism a "source of difficulty" or a "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"?
"the extent of the problem surfaced" -> the issue.
Let's consider "problem" in the sense of "issue" or "matter of concern".
WordNet sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
WordNet sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

Wait, "the extent of the problem" usually refers to the magnitude of the issue (state of difficulty).
Let's look at similar examples. "the extent of the problem" -> "problem" as a state of difficulty.
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 3.
Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (trouble)

If I say "the extent of the problem", it means the extent of the difficulty/issue.
I will choose sense 1.
Wait, let's re-read carefully: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."
The problem is the exclusion of women. It is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
Let's consider sense 1.
"she and her husband are having problems"
"it is always a job to contact him"

Is there a better fit?
What about sense 1? Yes, "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
Let's choose 1.
Wait, let's think if "problem" here is "a source of difficulty". The exclusion is a source of difficulty for women. But "the extent of the problem" usually refers to the issue itself.
I'll go with 1.
Let's double check.
"the extent of the problem" -> the magnitude of the issue. Issue = state of difficulty that needs to be resolved.
I will output 1.