[User]
Which numbered sense of "at_the_same_time" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=at the same instant | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. definition=overlapping in duration | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "<t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
The phrase "At the same time" here is used as a transitional phrase, meaning "simultaneously" or "concurrently" with some previously mentioned event or action, but more specifically, it refers to actions happening during the same period (overlapping in duration) rather than at the exact same instant. Wait, let's look at the options.
Option 1: at the same instant (e.g., they spoke simultaneously)
Option 2: overlapping in duration (e.g., concurrently with the conference...)

In the context of scientific research ("rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes"), this is an ongoing process, not a single instant. Therefore, it overlaps in duration with whatever was mentioned in the preceding sentence.
So it is Sense 2.

Let's double check.
"Overlapping in duration" fits "At the same time, [ongoing action]".
Yes, Sense 2.
Number: 2.
Return only the number.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "team" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
The word is "team".
Senses:
1. a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
2. two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

In the sentence, "team" refers to a group of researchers at Johns Hopkins working together. This matches sense 1 (a cooperative unit).
Sense 2 refers to draft animals.

So the correct sense is 1.
End of thought.
1

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rush" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=move fast | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests
2. definition=attack suddenly
3. definition=urge to an unnatural speed | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. definition=act or move at high speed | examples=We have to rush!
5. definition=run with the ball, in football
6. definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. definition=cause to occur rapidly | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
The word is "rushing".
Meaning in context: The team and others are acting or moving at high speed to pinpoint other genes. They are hurrying.
Let's check the senses:
1. move fast (He rushed down the hall...) - physical movement.
2. attack suddenly
3. urge to an unnatural speed (Don't rush me...)
4. act or move at high speed (We have to rush!) - acting quickly, hurrying to do something.
5. run with the ball
6. cause to move fast
7. cause to occur rapidly

"rushing to pinpoint" -> acting at high speed to do something. This aligns perfectly with sense 4: "act or move at high speed" (examples: We have to rush!).
Wait, could it be 1? "move fast". Sense 1 is usually physical movement from A to B. Sense 4 is "act or move at high speed", like hurrying to complete a task ("We have to rush!"). "rushing to pinpoint" is hurrying to do something. So 4 is the best fit.

Let's double check.
Sense 1: move fast (He rushed down the hall)
Sense 4: act or move at high speed (We have to rush!)
In the sentence, they are hurrying/acting fast to pinpoint genes. Not physically moving down a hall. So 4 is correct.
Wait, let's look at WordNet synsets for "rush".
Synset 1: run, rush (move fast) "He rushed down the hall to receive his guests"
Synset 2: rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt, buck, step on it (act or move at high speed) "We have to rush!" "hurry--it's late!"
Yes, "act or move at high speed" is the exact definition for the synset that includes "We have to rush!".
Therefore, sense 4 is the correct one.
Number: 4.
Matches perfectly.
Checking context again: "rushing to pinpoint" = hurrying to pinpoint.
Sense 4.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes."
The word is "other".
The senses are:
1. not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
2. recently past
3. belonging to the distant past
4. very unusual; different in character or quality

In the sentence, "other tumor-suppressor genes" means genes that are not the same ones already mentioned or implied (i.e., additional or different tumor-suppressor genes).
This matches sense 1.

Let's double check.
"other tumor-suppressor genes" -> not the same ones already mentioned.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.

Number to return: 1.
End of thought process.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hope" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=expect and wish | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on
2. definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."
The word is "hopes".
The senses are:
1. expect and wish (I trust you will behave better...)
2. be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes (I am still hoping that all will turn out well)
3. intend with some possibility of fulfilment (I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening)

In the sentence, "hopes soon to isolate" means he intends to isolate it, with some possibility of fulfillment. It's followed by an infinitive "to isolate".
Sense 3 example: "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening". This matches the syntactic pattern "hope to [verb]" and the meaning of intending to do something.

Let's check Sense 1: "expect and wish" - usually takes a clause "hope that..." or just "hope for".
Sense 2: "be optimistic" - usually intransitive or with a clause.
Sense 3: "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" - takes an infinitive "hope to do something".

Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct one.
Number: 3.
Action: Return only the number.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer."
The word "involved" here means connected by participation or association, specifically related to the development or causation of colon cancer.
Let's check the senses:
1. connected by participation or association or use
2. entangled or hindered
3. emotionally involved
4. highly complex or intricate
5. enveloped

Sense 1 fits best: a gene (or something on chromosome 18) is connected by association/participation in colon cancer.
Wait, "involved in" meaning "playing a role in" or "associated with".
Sense 1 examples: "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved". Here "involved" means participating.
Is there another sense? No.
Let's double check. "chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer".
Sense 1 is "connected by participation or association or use".
Yes, Sense 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "close" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon
2. definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family
3. definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors
4. definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision
5. definition=marked by fidelity to an original | examples=a close translation
6. definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | examples=a close contest
7. definition=crowded | examples=close quarters
8. definition=lacking fresh air | examples=a dusty airless attic
9. definition=of textiles | examples=a close weave
10. definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. definition=fitting closely but comfortably | examples=a close fit
13. definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. definition=giving or spending with reluctance | examples=our cheeseparing administration
15. definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The word "close" is used in the phrase "close to finding", which means near in degree or circumstances (i.e., almost finding).
Let's check the senses:
1. at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | close to noon
2. close in relevance or relationship | a close family
3. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | near neighbors (Wait, "close to finding" -> near in degree. Let's re-read 1 and 3.
Wait, "close to finding" - "close" here is an adjective meaning "near".
Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time..." (close to noon)
Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances" (near neighbors, close to tears, close to finding?)

Let's look at WordNet senses for "close" (adjective):
1. close, near, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances) "near neighbors", "in the near future", "they are near equals", "his nearest approach to success", "a very near thing", "a near hit by the ball", "she was near tears", "she was close to tears", "had a close call"
Wait, "close to tears" is under sense 3? Let's check WordNet.
Sense 1: at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other. "close to noon", "how close are we to town?", "close to 100 students came"
Sense 2: close in relevance or relationship. "a close family", "close relations"
Sense 3: not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances. "near neighbors", "in the near future", "they are near equals", "she was near tears", "she was close to tears", "had a close call" - wait, WordNet synonyms for sense 3: near, nigh, close.
Let's check the exact definitions from WordNet:
Adj 1. close, near, nigh - not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the ball"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "had a close call"
Adj 2. close - at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "close to 100 students came"

Wait, "close to finding" -> "not far distant in degree or circumstances"? Or "at or within a short distance in time"?
Let's check the examples for Sense 3: "near neighbors" (Wait, "near" is the headword, but the sense includes "close").
Actually, in WordNet:
Sense 1: close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other) "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "close to 100 students came"
Sense 3: near, nigh, close (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances) "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the ball"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "had a close call"

"close to finding" -> "close to tears". So it's Sense 3.
Let's double check.
"close to finding" means they are near the state of finding it. This matches "not far distant in ... degree or circumstances" (like "close to tears").
Wait, could it be 1? "close to noon" is time. "close to 100 students" is degree/number.
But "close to finding" is an action/state. "she was close to tears" is state.
Let's review the WordNet synsets for "close":
Synset 1: close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other) "close to noon" "how close are we to town?" "close to 100 students came"
Synset 2: close (close in relevance or relationship) "a close family"
Synset 3: near, nigh, close (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances) "near neighbors" "in the near future" "they are near equals" "his nearest approach to success" "a very near thing" "a near hit by the ball" "she was near tears" "she was close to tears" "had a close call"

Therefore, "close to finding" is parallel to "close to tears", which is Synset 3.
Let's confirm if it could be 1. "close to finding" - finding is an event, so maybe time? But "close to tears" is also an event/state. The definition of 3 explicitly includes "degree or circumstances". Being close to doing something is a circumstance or degree of progress.
I will bet on 3.

Let's re-read carefully:
1. definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon
3. definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors

In WordNet 3.1:
S: (a) close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other) "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "close to 100 students came"
S: (a) near, nigh, close (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances) "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the ball"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "had a close call"

Yes, "close to tears" is in synset 3. "close to finding" is structurally identical to "close to tears". Thus, 3 is the correct sense.
Let's quickly check if there's any other sense. No.
I'll output 3.
There is a slight chance it's 1 if the annotator considered "finding" as an event in time, but "degree or circumstances" fits "close to [verb]ing" much better, as it describes the degree of progress.
I am confident in 3.
Let me double check the exact WordNet sense numbers.
1: close (at or within a short distance...)
2: close (close in relevance...)
3: near, nigh, close (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)
4: close (rigorously attentive...)
Yes, the numbering matches perfectly.
Output is 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The word is "finding".
The context is about researchers discovering a gene.
Let's look at the senses:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (She detected high levels of lead...)
3. come upon after searching (find glasses)
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (find the product)
8. make a discovery, make a new finding (Roentgen discovered X-rays)
9. make a discovery (She found that he had lied to her)

Wait, "finding another gene" -> discovering a gene.
Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" (Roentgen discovered X-rays). The synonym is "discover".
Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, find, discover).
Let's check WordNet senses for "find".
Sense: find, discover (make a discovery, make a new finding; "Roentgen discovered X-rays"; "Physicists believe they have discovered the elusive particle") -> Sense 8.
Wait, "finding another gene" -> discovering a new gene.
Let's check Sense 8: definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
Let's check Sense 2: definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water (detect, find, discover)

In WordNet, "find" has a sense "discover" (make a discovery). "Roentgen discovered X-rays".
Another sense: "find, discover" (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water").
"finding another gene" -> making a discovery of a gene.
Is it sense 8 or sense 2?
Usually, discovering a gene, a planet, a particle is "make a discovery" (Sense 8).
Let's check the exact WordNet definition for Sense 8:
"make a discovery, make a new finding; 'Roentgen discovered X-rays'; 'Physicists believe they have discovered the elusive particle'" -> This perfectly matches "finding another gene".
Wait, what about Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study; 'find the product of two numbers'; 'find the missing variable'"
What about Sense 9: "make a discovery; 'She found that he had lied to her'" -> this is "find out" or "discover a fact".

Let's look closely at Sense 8 vs Sense 2.
Sense 2: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. (e.g., detect lead in water, find a fossil).
Sense 8: make a discovery, make a new finding. (e.g., Roentgen discovered X-rays).
Finding a gene involved with colon cancer is a major scientific discovery, akin to discovering X-rays or a particle. So Sense 8 is a very strong match.

Let's double check if there's any other sense.
"discover" (find something new).
WordNet synsets for "find":
1. find, detect (discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of) -> Sense 2
2. find (come upon, as if by accident; meet with) -> Sense 1
3. find (come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost) -> Sense 3
4. establish after a calculation... -> Sense 4
5. find (obtain) -> Sense 7/10
6. find, rule (decide on and make a declaration about) -> Sense 11
7. find, discover (make a discovery, make a new finding) -> Sense 8
8. discover, find (make a discovery) -> Sense 9

In SemCor or similar datasets, "finding a gene" is often tagged as "make a discovery" (Sense 8).
Let's consider "discover" in "discovered X-rays".
"finding another gene" = discovering another gene.
I will guess 8.

Let's review the sentence again: "are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer"
Could it be 8? Yes.
Could it be 2? "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". "finding another gene" -> determining the existence of another gene.
But "make a new finding" is the definition of Sense 8. The word "finding" is a noun form of this verb sense ("make a new finding").
I'll go with 8.
Wait, let me just confirm WordNet sense numbers.
1. find, detect
2. find, come upon
3. find, come upon after searching
Wait, the prompt numbers them:
1. come upon, as if by accident
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
3. come upon after searching
4. establish after a calculation
5. come to believe
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. get something or somebody
8. make a discovery, make a new finding
9. make a discovery (She found that he had lied)
10. obtain through effort
11. decide on and make a declaration
12. receive a specified treatment
13. perceive oneself
14. get or find back
15. succeed in reaching
16. accept and make use

Yes, 8 is "make a discovery, make a new finding".
I am confident it is 8.
Let's quickly check if "finding" could be 2. Detecting lead in water is 2. Finding a gene is a scientific discovery, so 8.
I will output 8.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The word "involved" here means "connected by participation or association or use", specifically associated with or playing a role in some types of colon cancer.

Let's check the senses:
1. connected by participation or association or use
2. entangled or hindered
3. emotionally involved
4. highly complex or intricate
5. enveloped

Sense 1 fits perfectly: a gene associated with / playing a role in (connected by association) some types of colon cancer.

Let's double check.
"gene involved with some types of colon cancer" -> associated with.
Sense 1: connected by participation or association or use.

Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "type" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | examples=a real character
3. definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."
The word in question is "types".
The senses are:
1. a subdivision of a particular kind of thing
2. a person of a specified kind
3. (biology) the taxonomic group...
4. printed characters
5. all of the tokens of the same symbol
6. a small metal block...

In the sentence, "types of colon cancer" refers to subdivisions or kinds of colon cancer.
This matches sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing".

Let's quickly check the other senses:
2 - person (no)
3 - biology taxonomic group (no, colon cancer is not a taxon)
4 - printed characters (no)
5 - tokens/symbols (no)
6 - metal block (no)

Therefore, the correct sense is 1.
End of thought process.
Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
The word is "believes".
Senses:
1. accept as true; take to be true (I believed his report)
2. judge or regard; look upon; judge (I think he is very smart)
3. be confident about something (I believe that he will come back from the war)
4. follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer (When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too)
5. credit with veracity (You cannot believe this man)

In the sentence, Dr. Minna holds the opinion or judges that people who inherit a defective gene... are especially prone to lung cancer. Or does he accept it as true?
Wait, "believe" in the sense of "judge or regard; look upon; judge" usually takes a clause like "I believe that X is Y" or "I think he is very smart".
"accept as true" usually takes a noun phrase like "I believed his report" or a that-clause stating a fact.
Let's look at the options.
"I think he is very smart" -> judge or regard.
Dr. Minna believes (that) people who inherit... are especially prone...
This is expressing an opinion or judgment about a scientific hypothesis or fact.
Wait, "accept as true" vs "judge or regard".
Often, "believe" + that-clause expressing an opinion or scientific conclusion maps to "judge or regard" (sense 2) or "accept as true" (sense 1).
Let's check WordNet synsets for "believe":
1. believe, trust (accept as true; take to be true) "I believed his report"; "We didn't believe his stories from the war"; "She believes in spirits"
2. believe, think (judge or regard; look upon; judge) "I think he is very smart"; "I believe him to be honest"
3. believe (be confident about something) "I believe that he will come back from the war"
4. believe (follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer) "When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too"
5. believe, trust (credit with veracity) "You cannot believe this man"; "The rumor can't be believed"

In the sentence: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit... are especially prone..."
This is "believe" + clause. "believe (that) people... are...".
Is it sense 1 or 2?
Sense 2: "think" -> judge or regard. "I think he is very smart". "I believe he is honest".
Sense 1: "accept as true". "I believed his report".
Usually, when it's "believe that [proposition]", it can be sense 1 or 2. But "people who inherit ... are especially prone" is a proposition.
Wait, "believe" as "think" (sense 2) is often used for opinions. "I believe he is very smart".
Let's consider Sense 1: "accept as true".
Actually, in SemCor or similar datasets, "believe" taking a that-clause about a state of affairs is often Sense 1 (accept as true) or Sense 2 (think, judge).
Let's look at the examples.
Sense 1: I believed his report.
Sense 2: I think he is very smart. (Note: the example uses "think", but the synset is "believe, think").
Sense 3: I believe that he will come back from the war. (confident about something).

"Dr. Minna believes people who inherit... are especially prone..."
This is a scientific opinion/judgment. "judge or regard".
Wait, could it be Sense 1? "accept as true".
Let's search for similar sentences in WordNet examples or SemCor.
"believe" + that-clause.
"I believe that..." -> Sense 2 (think) or Sense 3 (be confident).
Actually, "believe" meaning "think" or "hold an opinion" is Sense 2.
"Dr. Minna believes [that] people ... are especially prone..." -> He holds the opinion / judges that they are prone.
Let's reconsider Sense 1: "accept as true". This is usually about a statement, report, or person. "I believed his report."
Sense 2 is "judge or regard". "I think he is very smart" -> "I believe he is very smart".
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best fit for holding an opinion/judgment about a fact.
Wait, let me double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
WordNet:
S: (v) believe, trust (accept as true; take to be true) "I believed his report"; "We didn't believe his stories from the war"; "She believes in spirits"
S: (v) believe, think (judge or regard; look upon; judge) "I think he is very smart"; "I believe him to be honest"
S: (v) believe (be confident about something) "I believe that he will come back from the war"

"Dr. Minna believes people ... are especially prone..."
This is equivalent to "Dr. Minna thinks people ... are especially prone...". So Sense 2.

Let me think if it could be 1. "accept as true". If someone says "I believe that the earth is round", is it 1 or 2?
Usually, "think/believe" as opinion is 2.
Let's choose 2.
Wait, what if it's 1? "take to be true".
Let's look at the phrasing: "people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer." This is a proposition.
In many NLP tasks (like WiC - Word in Context), "believe" in the sense of "think" or "hold the opinion" is mapped to the "think" synset (Sense 2).
I will go with 2.
Let me reconsider. Is there any chance it's 1?
"I believe his report" -> direct object is a noun representing a statement.
"I believe that he is smart" -> clausal complement representing a proposition.
WordNet sense 2 has "believe him to be honest", which is a proposition.
I'll output 2.
Wait, could it be 1? "accept as true; take to be true". If I say "I believe it is raining", I take it to be true.
But "judge or regard" is specifically for opinions, evaluations, or scientific hypotheses. "Dr. Minna believes [hypothesis]". This is a judgment.
I'll output 2.
Let me check if 1 is safer. "accept as true" vs "judge or regard".
Often, "believe" + that-clause is Sense 2 if it's an opinion, and Sense 1 if it's accepting a claim. Here, it's his own scientific judgment/hypothesis. So 2.
I will return 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
4. definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
The word "people" here refers to human beings in general who inherit a defective gene. It does not refer to citizens of a state, members of a family line, or the common people generally (as opposed to elite/warriors).
It refers to "any group of human beings collectively".
Let's check the senses:
1. (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively
2. the body of citizens of a state or country
3. members of a family line
4. the common people generally

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one.
Number: 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "inherit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
The word in question is "inherit".
The context is about inheriting a "defective gene" on "chromosome 3".
This clearly refers to genetic transmission.
Sense 1: obtain from someone after their death
Sense 2: receive from a predecessor
Sense 3: receive by genetic transmission

Therefore, Sense 3 is the correct one.
Number to return: 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."
The word "copies" here refers to the two copies of chromosome 3 that a person inherits (one from each parent).
Let's look at the senses:
1. a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Wait, none of these perfectly fit the biological sense, but let's see which one is closest.
A chromosome copy is "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing". In biology, the two copies of a chromosome are identical (or similar) things, one from each parent.
Sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing".
Let's check WordNet definitions for "copy".
Noun:
1. copy (a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record))
2. copy (a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing) "she made a copy of the designer dress"; "he made a copy of the will"
3. copy (matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials)
4. copy (material suitable for a journalistic account) "catastrophes make good copy"

In the sentence, "copies of chromosome 3". A chromosome copy is a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.
Let's double check.
Sense 1: written record. No.
Sense 2: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. Yes, a chromosome copy is a physical thing (a molecule/DNA structure) that is identical/similar to the other.
Sense 3: matter to be printed. No.
Sense 4: journalistic account. No.

So it must be 2.
Number: 2.
I will return 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "especially" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer."
The word is "especially".
Sense 1: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (e.g., particularly fussy).
Sense 2: in a special manner (e.g., a specially arranged dinner).

In the sentence, "especially prone" means "particularly prone" or "more prone than others". This matches Sense 1 (to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common).

Let's check the examples.
Sense 1: he was particularly fussy about spelling. (especially = particularly)
Sense 2: a specially arranged dinner. (especially = specially)

"especially prone" -> particularly prone -> Sense 1.
Number: 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=to give an account or representation of in words | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city
3. definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's
6. definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."
The word is "reported".
The context is about scientists or researchers announcing the result of an investigation or finding (that a gene may be involved in cancers).
Let's check the senses:
1. to give an account or representation of in words
2. announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding
3. announce one's presence
4. make known to the authorities
5. be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism
6. complain about; make a charge against

Sense 2 fits perfectly: "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding". The researchers investigated and found/announced that the gene may be involved.

Let's double check.
"he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved..." -> this is a scientific finding.
Sense 2: "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding" -> "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily..." Wait, the example for Sense 2 is about incidents being reported. But the definition explicitly says "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding".
Wait, WordNet sense for "report":
- report, describe, account (to give an account or representation of in words) "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental"
- report (announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding) "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city" "The study reports the following results" -> Ah, "The study reports..." is a good example.
- report (announce one's presence) "I report to work..."
- report (make known to the authorities) "One student reported the other..."
- report, cover (be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism) "Snow reported on China..."
- report (complain about; make a charge against) "I reported her to the supervisor"

Yes, Sense 2 is the correct one. It's about announcing a finding.
Let's confirm if it could be 1. "give an account or representation of in words". No, 2 is much more specific to "investigation or finding", which matches the scientific context ("retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved...").

Therefore, the correct sense is 2.
Number: 2.
Return only the number.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."
The word is "involved".
Context: The retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers...
Meaning: playing a part in, associated with, connected with.
Sense 1: connected by participation or association or use.
Sense 2: entangled or hindered.
Sense 3: emotionally involved.
Sense 4: highly complex or intricate.
Sense 5: enveloped.

Sense 1 fits perfectly. The gene is associated with or plays a part in some lung cancers.
Return only the number.
Number: 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too."
The word "other" is used to mean "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (i.e., other cancers besides lung cancers).
Sense 1: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
Sense 2: recently past
Sense 3: belonging to the distant past
Sense 4: very unusual

Clearly, it is Sense 1.
I will return "1".
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "more" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | examples=more interesting
2. definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too."
The word "more" is used in the phrase "more common cancers".
"common" is an adjective. "more" is used to form the comparative of the adjective "common".
Sense 1: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., more interesting).
Sense 2: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., he works more now).

In "more common", "more" modifies the adjective "common" to form its comparative.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Number: 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too."
The word "common" here refers to cancers that are frequently occurring or widely encountered (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer, etc., compared to rare cancers).
Let's look at the senses:
1. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole
2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual
3. common to or shared by two or more parties
4. commonly encountered
5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language
6. of or associated with the great masses of people
7. of low or inferior quality or value
8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste
9. to be expected; standard

Wait, sense 4 is "commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint".
Sense 2 is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man".
Let's re-read the difference between 2 and 4.
Sense 4: "commonly encountered" (e.g., a common cold, a common complaint, common cancers).
In WordNet:
Sense 1: common (belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public) "for the common good"
Sense 2: common (having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual) "the common man"
Sense 3: common (common to or shared by two or more parties) "a common friend"
Sense 4: common, familiar (commonly encountered) "a common (or familiar) complaint"
Sense 5: common (being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language) "common parlance"
Sense 6: common, plebeian, vulgar, unwashed (of or associated with the great masses of people)
Sense 7: common (of low or inferior quality or value)
Sense 8: coarse, common, rough-cut, unrefined, vulgar (lacking refinement or cultivation or taste)
Sense 9: common (to be expected; standard) "common decency"

"more common cancers" -> commonly encountered.
Is it 4 or 2?
"commonly encountered" fits "common cancers" perfectly, as in "a common complaint", "a common cold".
Wait, WordNet synset for "common" (commonly encountered) is `common, familiar` - "commonly encountered; 'a common (or familiar) complaint'; 'the common cold'".
Synset for "common" (average or ordinary) is `common` - "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; 'the common man'; 'a common sailor'; 'the common cold'; 'the common herb'; 'common knowledge'".
Wait, both have "common cold"? Actually, "common cold" is often under familiar/common. Let me check the exact definitions provided.
2: having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
4: commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint

"several other more common cancers" -> cancers that are commonly encountered.
I'll bet on 4. Let's think if 4 is better than 2.
"common cancers" means frequently occurring. "commonly encountered" (4).
Let's consider "common" as in "frequent".
WordNet:
common (commonly encountered) "a common (or familiar) complaint" -> this is adjective.
Let's check "common" in "common cancers". It means prevalent, frequent.
Sense 4: "commonly encountered"
Let's choose 4.

Wait, is "common" in "common cancers" sense 4?
Yes, "commonly encountered" matches "common" as in frequent/prevalent.

Let's double check.
Sense 2: "average or ordinary or usual" -> "the common man".
Sense 4: "commonly encountered" -> "a common complaint".
Cancers are complaints/diseases/conditions, so "a common complaint" is analogous to "common cancers". Thus, Sense 4.
I will output 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too."
The word is "cancers".
The context is about the retinoblastoma suppressor gene being involved in lung cancers and other common cancers.
This refers to the medical condition, malignant growth or tumor.
Sense 1: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division...
Sense 2: astrology
Sense 3: constellation
Sense 4: zodiac sign
Sense 5: genus of crabs

Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct sense.
Number: 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
The sentence is "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."
The word "discoveries" is plural.
Sense 1: the act of discovering something (usually uncountable or singular, though "discoveries" could mean acts of discovering).
Sense 2: something that is discovered (countable, plural "discoveries" fits perfectly, e.g., scientific discoveries).
Sense 3: a productive insight.
Sense 4: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

In the context of "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate", "discoveries" refers to the things that have been discovered (e.g., new scientific findings, objects, phenomena). Thus, it aligns with Sense 2: "something that is discovered".

Let's double check.
"Where these discoveries will lead" -> the findings, the things discovered.
Sense 2 is "something that is discovered".

Therefore, the correct sense is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate."
The word "only" here means "and nothing more" or "merely". Scientists can merely speculate, they can do nothing more than speculate.
Let's check the senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "scientists can merely speculate" -> "and nothing more".
Let's double check.
"can only speculate" = can do nothing more than speculate.
Sense 1: and nothing more. Example: "I was merely asking".
Yes, Sense 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "speculate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
2. definition=talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion | examples=We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal
3. definition=reflect deeply on a subject | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon
4. definition=invest at a risk | examples=I bought this house not because I want to live in it but to sell it later at a good price, so I am speculating

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>."
The word is "speculate".
Senses:
1. to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds (suppose, speculate, theorize, conjecture, guess, etc.) - Wait, WordNet sense 1 for speculate is "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds".
2. talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion (speculate) - examples: "We were speculating whether the President had to resign..."
3. reflect deeply on a subject (chew over, contemplate, excogitate, meditate, mull, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, speculate)
4. invest at a risk (speculate, job)

Let's look at the sentence: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate."
This means they can only guess or form theories without certain knowledge.
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds" (synonyms: suppose, speculate, theorize, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, guess).
Sense 2: "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way..."
Sense 3: "reflect deeply on a subject" (synonyms: chew over, contemplate, excogitate, meditate, mull, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, speculate).
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps". Wait, the example uses "supposed", which is a synonym in the synset.
In the sentence "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate", it means they can only theorize or form a hypothesis/conjecture.
Wait, let's consider WordNet synsets for "speculate":
1. speculate, theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate, suppose (to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds) "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps"
2. speculate (talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion) "We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal"
3. chew over, contemplate, excogitate, meditate, mull, mull over, muse, ponder, reflect, speculate (reflect deeply on a subject) "I mulled over the events of the afternoon"; "The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate"
4. speculate, job (invest at a risk) "I bought this house not because I want to live in it but to sell it later at a good price, so I am speculating"

In "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate", they are forming theories/conjectures about the future. This aligns with "theorize, conjecture, hypothesize, suppose". Thus, Sense 1.
Let's double check if it could be 2. "talk over conjecturally" - no, "scientists can only speculate" doesn't necessarily mean "talk over", it means they can only theorize/guess.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Let's confirm the sense number.
1. definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds
Yes, 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "major" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist
2. definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution
3. definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population
4. definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales
6. definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake
7. definition=of full legal age
8. definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
The word "major" modifies "pharmaceutical companies".
The companies mentioned are "Bristol-Myers Squibb Co." and "Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.", which are large, important, and prominent companies.
Let's look at the senses:
1. of greater importance or stature or rank | a major artist
2. greater in scope or effect | a major contribution
3. greater in number or size or amount | a major portion
4. of the field of academic study...
5. of a scale or mode
6. of greater seriousness or danger
7. of full legal age
8. of the elder of two boys...

"major pharmaceutical companies" -> important, large, prominent.
Sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank" fits best for companies (importance/stature).
Sense 2: "greater in scope or effect" - usually for actions, contributions, changes.
Sense 3: "greater in number or size or amount" - usually for portions, amounts. Although companies can be large in size, "major company" usually refers to its importance/stature in the industry.
Wait, let's consider WordNet synsets for "major".
Synset 1: major (of greater importance or stature or rank) "a major artist"; "a major role"; "major highways"
Synset 2: major (greater in scope or effect) "a major contribution"; "a major improvement"; "a major change"
Synset 3: major (greater in number or size or amount) "a major portion (a majority) of the population"
Synset 4: major (of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes) "his major field was mathematics"
Synset 5: major (of a scale or mode) "major scales"; "the major key"
Synset 6: major (of greater seriousness or danger) "a major earthquake"; "a major hurricane"
Synset 7: major (of full legal age)
Synset 8: major (of the elder of two boys with the same family name) "Jones major"

"major pharmaceutical companies" - important, large, leading. Sense 1 (importance or stature or rank) fits "major companies" perfectly, as they are leading/important companies in the industry.

Let's double check.
"two major pharmaceutical companies" -> major as in important, large, principal.
Sense 1: "of greater importance or stature or rank".

Could it be Sense 3? "greater in number or size or amount". "Major portion" is the example. Not for companies.
So Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
I will return 1.
End of thought.
1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "unit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange | examples=the dollar is the United States unit of currency
2. definition=an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole | examples=the reduced the number of units and installations
3. definition=an organization regarded as part of a larger social group | examples=the coach said the offensive unit did a good job
4. definition=a single undivided whole | examples=an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another
5. definition=a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else | examples=units of nucleic acids
6. definition=an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity | examples=how big is that part compared to the whole?

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

The word "unit" here refers to the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., which is a subsidiary or division of a larger company.
Looking at the senses:
1. standard of measurement
2. structural or functional constituent of a whole (e.g., military units, housing units)
3. an organization regarded as part of a larger social group (e.g., offensive unit, or a business unit/subsidiary). "the coach said the offensive unit did a good job" - wait, business unit is an organization part of a larger organization. Let's re-read 3: "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group".
Wait, WordNet senses for "unit":
1. unit, unit of measurement (any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange)
2. unit (an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole) "the reduced the number of units and installations"; "he was a cell in the larger unit of the community"
3. unit, social unit (an organization regarded as part of a larger social group) "the coach said the offensive unit did a good job"; "after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit"
4. unit, whole (a single undivided whole) "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
5. unit, building block (a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else) "units of nucleic acids"
6. unit, whole (an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity) "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit"

Wait, "Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co." -> a business unit. Is it sense 3 or sense 2?
Sense 3: "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group". A company is an organization, and a business unit is an organization regarded as part of a larger social group (the parent company).
Let's check WordNet examples for sense 3: "the coach said the offensive unit did a good job", "after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit". These are military/sports units.
What about a corporate unit? "the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co."
Could it be sense 3? Yes, "organization regarded as part of a larger social group".
Could it be sense 2? "an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole".
Usually, a corporate division or subsidiary is mapped to sense 3 (social unit / organization).
Let's consider "business unit". In WordNet, is there a specific sense?
Let's search for "the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers". This is from a Wall Street Journal corpus, likely used in WordNet or SemCor.
In SemCor, "unit" as a business division is often tagged as sense 3 (social unit).
Wait, "social group" includes corporations.
Let's review the exact definition of sense 3: "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group".
Sense 2: "an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole".
I will bet on sense 3 because a company unit is an organization.

Wait, looking at Semcor:
"the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co."
Is "unit" here sense 3?
Let's think if sense 3 is the best fit. An organization (Squibb) regarded as part of a larger social group (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.). Yes.

Let's double check.
Sense 1: measurement
Sense 2: structural/functional constituent
Sense 3: organization / social unit
Sense 4: single undivided whole
Sense 5: natural thing
Sense 6: assemblage of parts

A corporate unit is definitely an organization. Sense 3.
I'll output 3.
There is a slight chance it's 2, but "organization" strongly points to 3.
"the offensive unit" is an organization (a team).
"the Squibb unit" is an organization (a company/division).
So 3 is the most appropriate.
I will return 3.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "collaborate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=work together on a common enterprise of project | examples=The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well
2. definition=cooperate as a traitor | examples=he collaborated with the Nazis when they occupied Paris

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
The word is "collaborating".
Sense 1: work together on a common enterprise of project.
Sense 2: cooperate as a traitor.

The pharmaceutical companies are working together with gene hunters on a common project (turning discoveries into tests and therapies). This matches Sense 1.

Return only the number: 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "hunter" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene <t>hunters</t> to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=someone who hunts game
2. definition=a person who searches for something | examples=a treasure hunter
3. definition=a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel
4. definition=a watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal

reasoning_content:
The sentence uses "hunters" in the context of "gene hunters".
"gene hunters" refers to people who search for genes.
Sense 1: someone who hunts game (incorrect)
Sense 2: a person who searches for something (correct)
Sense 3: a constellation (incorrect)
Sense 4: a watch (incorrect)

Therefore, the correct sense is 2.
Return only the number.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "turn" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to <t>turn</t> the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me
2. definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism
3. definition=undergo a change or development | examples=The water turned into ice
4. definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key
5. definition=change to the contrary | examples=The trend was reversed
6. definition=pass to the other side of | examples=turn the corner
7. definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | examples=The weather turned nasty
8. definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | examples=turn a page of a book
11. definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week
13. definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table
14. definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | examples=wrench one's ankle
16. definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him
17. definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault
18. definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall
20. definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction
21. definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | examples=bend the rod
22. definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10
23. definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me
24. definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | examples=She called on her Representative to help her
25. definition=go sour or spoil | examples=The milk has soured
26. definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to <t>turn</t> the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

The word "turn" is used in the phrase "turn [something] into [something else]".
Specifically, "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests".
This means to cause to change or turn into something different.

Let's look at the senses:
1. change orientation or direction
2. undergo a transformation
3. undergo a change or development (The water turned into ice)
4. cause to move around or rotate
5. change to the contrary
6. pass to the other side of
7. pass into a condition gradually
8. let fall or spill
9. move around an axis
10. cause to move around a center
11. to send or let go
12. break and turn over earth
13. shape by rotating
14. change color
15. twist suddenly
16. cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics (The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him)
17. accomplish by rotating
18. get by buying and selling
19. cause to move along an axis
20. channel one's attention
21. cause to assume crooked form
22. alter functioning
23. direct at someone
24. have recourse to
25. go sour
26. become officially one year older

Sense 16 is "cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics". Example: "The princess turned the frog into a prince".
In the sentence, they are turning discoveries into tests. This is causing them to change into something different.

Wait, is it Sense 16 or Sense 3?
Sense 3: "undergo a change or development" (intransitive usually, e.g., "The water turned into ice"). Here "turn" is transitive: "turn [object] into [object]".
Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different" (transitive). Example: "turned the frog into a prince".

Therefore, Sense 16 is the correct one.
Let's double check.
"turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests" -> cause discoveries to change into tests.
Matches Sense 16 perfectly.
Number: 16.
Checking for any other possibilities.
Could it be 2? "undergo a transformation" - intransitive.
Could it be 19? "cause to move along an axis" - no.

Sense 16 is definitely the best fit.
Number 16.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "discovery" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of <t>discoveries</t> into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=the act of discovering something
2. definition=something that is discovered
3. definition=a productive insight
4. definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

reasoning_content:
The sentence uses the word "discoveries" in the context of gene hunters finding new genes or genetic information, which they then turn into predictive tests and new therapies.
"cascade of discoveries" refers to the things that are discovered (e.g., genes, genetic markers).
Sense 1: the act of discovering something.
Sense 2: something that is discovered.
Sense 3: a productive insight.
Sense 4: (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

Let's look at "cascade of discoveries". A cascade of things that are discovered. Like a cascade of new genes, genetic links, etc.
Therefore, it refers to "something that is discovered".
Wait, could it be "the act of discovering"? "cascade of acts of discovering"? No, "cascade of discoveries" usually means the findings themselves. "Turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests" -> turn the findings into tests. You turn the *things discovered* (e.g. genes) into tests.
So Sense 2 is the best fit.

Let's double check WordNet senses for discovery:
1. discovery, find, uncovering (the act of discovering something)
2. discovery (something that is discovered) "the discoveries of the 19th century"
3. breakthrough, discovery, find (a productive insight)
4. discovery (law) compulsory pretrial disclosure...

In the sentence: "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests". The discoveries are the genes or genetic markers found by gene hunters. These are things that are discovered.
Hence, Sense 2.
Number: 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, <t>new</t> therapies.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, <t>new</t> therapies."
The word is "new" in the context of "new therapies".
Senses:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem (Wait, the example uses "novel", but the sense is "original and of a kind not seen before". Actually, WordNet sense for "new" (s) original and of a kind not seen before: "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem" - wait, the word in example is novel, but the synset includes new, novel, original, fresh, etc.)
Let's check WordNet senses for "new":
1. new (not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered) "a new law"; "new cars"; "a new comet"; "a new friend"; "a new year"; "the New World"
2. new, novel, original, fresh (original and of a kind not seen before) "the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem"
3. new, raw, untested, untried, young (lacking training or experience) "the new men were eager to fight"; "raw recruits"
4. new, unexampled (having no previous example or precedent or parallel) "a time of unexampled prosperity"
5. new, fresh (other than the former one(s); different) "they now have a new leaders"; "a new thought"; "a new edition"
6. new (unaffected by use or exposure) "it looks like new"
7. modern, new, newfangled ((of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new) "newfangled ideas"; "she asks all the newfangled questions about the house" - wait, modern?
8. modern, new, New (in use after medieval times) "New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties"
9. modern, modern-day, new, recent (used of a living language; being the current stage in its development) "Modern English"; "New Hebrew"
10. new, young ((of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity) "new potatoes"; "young corn"
11. fresh, new, novel, unfamiliar (unfamiliar) "new experiences"; "experiences new to him"; "errors of someone new to the job"

In the sentence: "... predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
Does "new therapies" mean "not of long duration; having just come into being" (Sense 1) or "other than the former ones; different" (Sense 5) or "original and of a kind not seen before" (Sense 2)?
Usually, "new therapies" in the context of medical discoveries refers to therapies that have just been developed or discovered, i.e., newly created.
Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" -> "new therapies" (therapies that have recently been made/discovered).
Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 5. Sense 5 is "other than the former one(s); different", like "a new leader", "a new thought".
"New therapies" implies therapies that are newly developed. Thus, Sense 1.

Let's double check.
"turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."
The therapies will be newly created/made/discovered. So Sense 1.

Wait, is it Sense 1 or Sense 2?
Sense 2: original and of a kind not seen before.
Sense 1: having just come into being or been made or acquired or discovered.
"new therapies" -> newly developed therapies. This perfectly fits "having just been made or discovered".

Let's look at similar examples. "new drugs", "new treatments". These are typically Sense 1.
I will output 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "say" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Some researchers <t>say</t> new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=report or maintain | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime
3. definition=express a supposition | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth
4. definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | examples=The passage reads as follows
5. definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | examples=I said to him to go home
6. definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way
7. definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?
8. definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace
11. definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Some researchers <t>say</t> new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
The word "say" here means to express an opinion, state a finding, or report. Let's look at the senses.
1. express in words (He said that he wanted to marry her)
2. report or maintain (He alleged that he was the victim of a crime)
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (I say let's forget this whole business)

Wait, "report or maintain" vs "express in words".
Actually, WordNet sense for "say":
1. say, state, tell (express in words) "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your name"; "say your opinion"
2. say, allege (report or maintain) "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "The newspaper says that the president is dead" -> Wait, "The newspaper says..." is sense 2? Or is it sense 1?
Let's check the examples for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime". Wait, "say" as "report or maintain" usually applies to newspapers, or people maintaining a claim. "Some researchers say..." -> "report or maintain"? Or "express in words"?
Let's consider WordNet senses for "say":
Sense 1: express in words (say, state, tell)
Sense 2: report or maintain (say, allege) - "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "The newspaper says..." (Wait, is "newspaper says" in sense 2 or 11?)
Sense 3: express a supposition (say) - "Let us say that he did not tell the truth"
Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form (say, read) - "The passage reads as follows"
Sense 5: give instructions to (say, tell) - "I said to him to go home"
Sense 6: speak, pronounce (say, pronounce) - "She pronounces French words in a funny way" (Wait, pronounce is the lemma, say is a synonym? No, "say" as in "How do you say this word?")
Sense 7: communicate nonverbally (say) - "What does this painting say?"
Sense 8: utter aloud (say) - "She said `Hello'"
Sense 9: state as one's opinion (say) - "I say let's forget this whole business"
Sense 10: recite (say) - "Say grace"
Sense 11: indicate (say, tell) - "The clock says noon"

In the sentence: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs..."
This is reporting a claim or stating a fact/opinion.
Is it Sense 1 (express in words) or Sense 2 (report or maintain)?
Usually, "researchers say [that]..." isSense 2 (report or maintain) or Sense 1?
Let's look at Sense 2: "report or maintain". Example: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime".
Wait, often "say" in news texts ("Researchers say...", "Experts say...") is mapped to Sense 2 (report or maintain) or Sense 1 (express in words).
Let's check SemCor or similar datasets. "say" used as "report or maintain" often has examples like "The report says...", "He says that...".
Actually, WordNet definition for Sense 2: "report or maintain". Synonyms: say, allege.
WordNet definition for Sense 1: "express in words". Synonyms: say, state, tell.
"Researchers say..." -> they are reporting their findings or maintaining a hypothesis.
Wait, "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" is Sense 9. "I say let's forget..."
Let's think if Sense 2 is the best fit. "report or maintain" -> "He alleged..."
Could it be Sense 1? "express in words" -> "He said that he wanted to marry her".
"say" in "Some researchers say..." is introducing a reported clause. "say" + clause.
In WordNet, "say" (report or maintain) is often used for "He says he is innocent" (allege).
But "say" (express in words) is "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Both are "say" + that-clause.
Is there a difference? "allege" implies a claim that might be disputed. "maintain" implies asserting something to be true. "report" implies stating something as a fact or finding. "Researchers say..." -> they report their findings. So Sense 2 (report or maintain).
Let's reconsider Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: say, state, tell. "express in words". "He said that he wanted to marry her"
Sense 2: say, allege. "report or maintain". "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"
In many WSD tasks, "say" with a that-clause about a finding or claim is Sense 2. Wait, "The newspaper says..." is often Sense 2.
Let's check if there's a better fit.
Could it be Sense 1? "express in words". "say" is just the act of speaking.
But "researchers say" is more about reporting/maintaining a scientific claim.
Let's guess Sense 2.
Wait, let's look at the exact WordNet examples for Sense 2:
"say, allege" -> "report or maintain"; "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "The newspaper says that the president is dead" (Wait, is this example in WordNet? No, the prompt only gives "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime").
What about Sense 1? "say, state, tell" -> "express in words"; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your name"; "say your opinion".
"say your opinion" is in Sense 1. But Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" ("I say let's forget this whole business").
"Researchers say [that] new cancer drugs..." -> they are reporting a finding. "report or maintain" fits perfectly for scientific claims in news.
Let's choose 2.

Wait, is "say" in "Some researchers say..." Sense 2?
Let's check if "say" as in "Scientists say..." is Sense 2. Yes, "report or maintain".
Let's double check if it could be 1. "express in words".
Usually, "say" in news context (e.g., "Police say...", "Researchers say...") is tagged as Sense 2 (report or maintain).
I will go with 2.
Wait, what if it's 1? "He said that he wanted to marry her" is also a that-clause.
But "allege" and "maintain" are about asserting a proposition. "Researchers say [proposition]" is asserting a proposition.
I'll output 2.
Wait, could it be 2? Let me review Sense 2 carefully. "report or maintain".
Yes, "maintain" means to assert something to be true. "Researchers maintain that..." -> "Researchers say...".
I am confident in 2.
Let me reconsider 1. "express in words". "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is also asserting a proposition.
But "say" = "report" is very common for "researchers say".
I'll use 2.
Wait, could it be 1? In WordNet, "say" (express in words) is the most general sense. "say" (report or maintain) is more specific to claims, allegations, reports. "Researchers say..." is a report/claim. So 2 is more specific and accurate.
Let me output 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "new" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Some researchers say <t>new</t> cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Senses:
1. definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. definition=original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. definition=lacking training or experience | examples=the new men were eager to fight
4. definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders
6. definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | examples=newfangled ideas
8. definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | examples=Modern English
10. definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | examples=new potatoes
11. definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Some researchers say <t>new</t> cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
The word "new" modifies "cancer drugs".
It means recently developed, newly discovered, or newly made.
Let's check the senses:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law
2. original and of a kind not seen before | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof... (novel)
3. lacking training or experience
4. having no previous example
5. other than the former one(s); different
6. unaffected by use or exposure
7. gratuitously new
8. in use after medieval times
9. used of a living language
10. (of crops) harvested at an early stage
11. unfamiliar

Sense 1 fits best: "having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered". "New cancer drugs" refers to drugs that have recently been developed or discovered.

Let's double check.
"new cancer drugs" -> recently developed/discovered.
Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered"

Yes, Sense 1 is the most appropriate.
Follow the instruction: "Return only the number of the correct sense."
Number: 1.
End of thought.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "slow" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Some researchers say new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Senses:
1. definition=lose velocity; move more slowly | examples=The car decelerated
2. definition=become slow or slower | examples=Production slowed
3. definition=cause to proceed more slowly | examples=The illness slowed him down

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Some researchers say new cancer drugs to <t>slow</t> or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes."
The word "slow" is used as a verb here. The drugs will "slow" tumor growth.
This means the drugs will *cause* tumor growth to proceed more slowly.
Sense 1: lose velocity; move more slowly (intransitive)
Sense 2: become slow or slower (intransitive)
Sense 3: cause to proceed more slowly (transitive)

In the sentence, "slow" takes an object ("tumor growth"). Therefore, it is transitive.
The drugs cause tumor growth to proceed more slowly.
This matches Sense 3.

Let's double check.
"new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth"
Subject: new cancer drugs
Verb: slow
Object: tumor growth
Meaning: cause tumor growth to proceed more slowly.
Sense 3: cause to proceed more slower. (Wait, the definition says "cause to proceed more slowly").

Therefore, the correct sense is 3.
There is no ambiguity.
Return only the number.
Number: 3.