[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dispute
Target surface form: disputes
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle <t>disputes</t> arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dispute%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=difference, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
2. sense_key=dispute%1:04:00:: | definition=coming into conflict with | synonyms=contravention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context talks about Deutsche Bank paying a fine to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions. Here, "disputes" refers to disagreements or conflicts (legal disputes) about the sale of mortgage securities. This fits sense 1, which is about a disagreement or argument about something important, with synonyms like "difference" and "conflict." Sense 2 is about coming into conflict with, which is more about contravention/violation, which doesn't fit as well here.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bankruptcy
Target surface form: bankruptcy
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the <t>bankruptcy</t> of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of complete lack of some abstract property | examples=spiritual bankruptcy; moral bankruptcy
2. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:00:: | definition=inability to discharge all your debts as they come due | synonyms=failure | examples=the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks
3. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:04:00:: | definition=a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is about Deutsche Bank settling disputes arising from the "bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis." This refers to the financial/legal state of insolvency of those credit unions.

Sense 1 is about abstract property (spiritual/moral bankruptcy) - not relevant.
Sense 2 is about inability to discharge debts - this is the general meaning of bankruptcy as a financial state.
Sense 3 is about a legal process intended to ensure equality among creditors.

The context mentions "the bankruptcy of five major credit unions" - this refers to the state/event of the credit unions being unable to pay their debts, which aligns with sense 2. Sense 3 would be more about the legal proceedings/proceedings themselves, but the context refers to the bankruptcy as an event/state of the credit unions, not a legal process per se.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions" - this could refer to either the state of insolvency or the legal process. But "arising from" suggests the event/condition, and the broader context is about financial crisis and inability to pay. The examples in sense 2 include "fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks" which is very similar to this context.

Sense 2 is the best fit.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Minimax

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The <t>issue</t> centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities."

Here, "issue" refers to the matter/topic/subject that is being disputed or discussed. It's the central question or matter at hand.

Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" - This fits well because the issue is about disputes regarding the sale of mortgage securities.
- Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms "topic, subject, matter" - This also fits as the issue is the subject matter.

The phrase "The issue centres on..." suggests it's the main point or matter of concern/dispute. Sense 1 specifically mentions "in dispute and must be settled," which aligns with the context of legal disputes and settlements mentioned in the passage. Sense 3 is more general (topic/subject).

Given the context involves legal disputes, settlements, and accusations, sense 1 seems more appropriate as it specifically refers to a question in dispute.

I'll go with sense 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sale
Target surface form: sale
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the <t>sale</t> of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sale%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular instance of selling | examples=he has just made his first sale; they had to complete the sale before the banks closed
2. sense_key=sale%1:04:02:: | definition=the general activity of selling | examples=they tried to boost sales; laws limit the sale of handguns
3. sense_key=sale%1:04:01:: | definition=an occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices | synonyms=cut-rate sale, sales event | examples=they held a sale to reduce their inventory; I got some great bargains at their annual sale
4. sense_key=sale%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling | examples=you'll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies; the new line of cars will soon be on sale
5. sense_key=sale%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) | synonyms=sales agreement | examples=the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about Deutsche Bank paying a fine related to the "sale of mortgage securities." This refers to the general activity of selling mortgage securities - the practice/activity of selling these financial products. It's not a specific instance (sense 1), not a discount sale event (sense 3), not about being purchasable (sense 4), and not a sales agreement/contract (sense 5). It's the general activity of selling, which matches sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: regulator
Target surface form: regulator
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market <t>regulator</t>, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=regulator%1:06:00:: | definition=any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.
2. sense_key=regulator%1:18:00:: | definition=an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
3. sense_key=regulator%1:06:01:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=governor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content: The context is about the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), which is described as "a financial market regulator." This is clearly referring to a regulatory body/agency that oversees financial markets. This matches sense 2: "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest."

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: regulator
Target surface form: regulator
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market <t>regulator</t>, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=regulator%1:06:00:: | definition=any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.
2. sense_key=regulator%1:18:00:: | definition=an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
3. sense_key=regulator%1:06:01:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=governor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose between the three candidate senses for "regulator" in the context where it refers to the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) as a financial market regulator.

Sense 1: Any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc. - This is about a physical device.
Sense 2: An official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest - This is about a person or organization.
Sense 3: A control that maintains a steady speed in a machine - This is also about a physical device.

The context clearly refers to the NCUA as a financial market regulator, which is an organization that oversees/controls financial activity. This matches sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: string
Target surface form: string
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a <t>string</t> of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=string%1:06:00:: | definition=a lightweight cord | synonyms=twine
2. sense_key=string%1:06:05:: | definition=stringed instruments that are played with a bow | synonyms=bowed stringed instrument | examples=the strings played superlatively well
3. sense_key=string%1:06:03:: | definition=a tightly stretched cord of wire or gut, which makes sound when plucked, struck, or bowed
4. sense_key=string%1:14:00:: | definition=a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding | synonyms=train | examples=a string of islands; train of mourners
5. sense_key=string%1:10:00:: | definition=a linear sequence of symbols (characters or words or phrases)
6. sense_key=string%1:06:01:: | definition=a tie consisting of a cord that goes through a seam around an opening | synonyms=drawstring, drawing string | examples=he pulled the drawstring and closed the bag
7. sense_key=string%1:27:00:: | definition=a tough piece of fiber in vegetables, meat, or other food (especially the tough fibers connecting the two halves of a bean pod)
8. sense_key=string%1:17:00:: | definition=(cosmology) a hypothetical one-dimensional subatomic particle having a concentration of energy and the dynamic properties of a flexible loop | synonyms=cosmic string
9. sense_key=string%1:06:04:: | definition=a collection of objects threaded on a single strand
10. sense_key=string%1:06:02:: | definition=a necklace made by a stringing objects together | synonyms=chain, strand | examples=a string of beads; a strand of pearls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context talks about "a string of major banks" - meaning a series or sequence of banks. This matches sense 4: "a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding" with synonyms like "train" and examples like "a string of islands."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major <t>banks</t> of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content: The context discusses Deutsche Bank and other "major banks" being accused of misleading credit unions. Here, "banks" refers to financial institutions. The best matching sense is sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities" (depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major <t>banks</t> of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 10. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content: The context is about Deutsche Bank and other financial institutions being accused of misleading credit unions. The word "banks" refers to financial institutions. This matches sense 2: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: promise
Target surface form: promises
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false <t>promises</t> to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=promise%1:10:00:: | definition=a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future
2. sense_key=promise%1:09:00:: | definition=grounds for feeling hopeful about the future | synonyms=hope | examples=there is little or no promise that he will recover

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about Deutsche Bank being accused of using "false promises" to mislead credit unions into buying financial products. Here, "promises" refers to verbal commitments or assurances made to convince credit unions to purchase mortgage securities. This aligns with sense 1: "a verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do (or not to do) something in the future." Sense 2 refers to grounds for feeling hopeful, which doesn't fit the context of misleading statements used to sell products.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: value
Target surface form: value
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The <t>value</t> of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=value%1:09:00:: | definition=a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed | examples=the value assigned was 16 milliseconds
2. sense_key=value%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable | examples=the Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world
3. sense_key=value%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else | synonyms=economic value | examples=he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices
4. sense_key=value%1:07:01:: | definition=relative darkness or lightness of a color; -Joe Hing Lowe | examples=I establish the colors and principal values by organizing the painting into three values--dark, medium...and light
5. sense_key=value%1:28:00:: | definition=(music) the relative duration of a musical note | synonyms=time value, note value
6. sense_key=value%1:09:01:: | definition=an ideal accepted by some individual or group | examples=he has old-fashioned values

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "value" in the sentence: "The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions."

In this context, "value" refers to the monetary worth or economic worth of the securities. It dropped during the financial crisis, meaning the financial/monetary worth of these securities decreased.

Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=value%1:09:00:: | definition=a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed | examples=the value assigned was 16 milliseconds
2. sense_key=value%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable
3. sense_key=value%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else | synonyms=economic value | examples=he tried to estimate the value of the produce at normal prices
4. sense_key=value%1:07:01:: | definition=relative darkness or lightness of a color
5. sense_key=value%1:28:00:: | definition=(music) the relative duration of a musical note
6. sense_key=value%1:09:01:: | definition=an ideal accepted by some individual or group

Sense 3 fits best - it's about the economic value, the monetary amount that securities are worth. The sentence talks about the value (monetary worth) of the securities dropping during the financial crisis. The synonym "economic value" and the example about estimating the value of produce at normal prices are very similar to the context of estimating the monetary worth of securities.

Sense 1 is about a numerical quantity (like milliseconds), which doesn't fit the financial context as well.

Sense 2 is about desirability/quality, which is less fitting than the monetary value sense.

So the answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: security
Target surface form: securities
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the <t>securities</t> dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=security%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being free from danger or injury | examples=we support the armed services in the name of national security
2. sense_key=security%1:21:01:: | definition=defense against financial failure; financial independence | synonyms=protection | examples=his pension gave him security in his old age; insurance provided protection against loss of wages due to illness
3. sense_key=security%1:12:00:: | definition=freedom from anxiety or fear | examples=the watch dog gave her a feeling of security
4. sense_key=security%1:21:04:: | definition=a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends | synonyms=certificate | examples=he held several valuable securities
5. sense_key=security%1:21:00:: | definition=property that your creditor can claim in case you default on your obligation | synonyms=surety | examples=bankers are reluctant to lend without good security
6. sense_key=security%1:14:00:: | definition=a department responsible for the security of the institution's property and workers | synonyms=security department | examples=the head of security was a former policeman
7. sense_key=security%1:10:00:: | definition=a guarantee that an obligation will be met | synonyms=surety
8. sense_key=security%1:06:00:: | definition=an electrical device that sets off an alarm when someone tries to break in | synonyms=security system, security measure
9. sense_key=security%1:04:00:: | definition=measures taken as a precaution against theft or espionage or sabotage etc. | synonyms=security measures | examples=military security has been stepped up since the recent uprising

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about mortgage securities - financial instruments that were sold to credit unions. The value of the securities dropped during the financial crisis. This clearly refers to financial securities (stocks, bonds, etc.) that represent a financial value.

Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 4: "a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends" with synonyms "certificate" and example "he held several valuable securities" - this matches perfectly.

The answer is sense index 4.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial <t>crisis</t> and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the <t>issue</t> without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context talks about a legal/financial matter being settled. "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities" and "resolved the issue without the parties going to court" - here "issue" refers to a disputed matter or question that needs to be settled. This matches sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled." The example "the issue could be settled" is very close to "resolved the issue."

Sense 3 (topic/subject/matter) is close but less precise - sense 1 specifically captures the dispute/settlement aspect.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new_york
Target surface form: New York
Context:
Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in <t>New York</t>. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new_york%1:15:01:: | definition=the largest city in New York State and in the United States; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center | synonyms=New York City, Greater New York
2. sense_key=new_york%1:15:00:: | definition=a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies | synonyms=New York State, Empire State, NY
3. sense_key=new_york%1:15:02:: | definition=one of the British colonies that formed the United States

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context mentions a Deutsche Bank spokesman speaking "in New York." Deutsche Bank has offices in New York City, and the context is about US financial matters. The phrase "in New York" here refers to the city where the spokesman is located, which is New York City. Sense 1 refers to New York City, which is the largest city and a major financial center. This fits the context best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: bank
Context:
As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The <t>bank</t> did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about Deutsche Bank, a financial institution, and the sentence "The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement" refers to Deutsche Bank as a financial institution. The best sense is sense 2: a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: settlement
Target surface form: settlement
Context:
As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the <t>settlement</t>. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=settlement%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government | synonyms=colony | examples=the American colony in Paris
2. sense_key=settlement%1:14:01:: | definition=a community of people smaller than a town | synonyms=village, small town
3. sense_key=settlement%1:10:00:: | definition=a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it
4. sense_key=settlement%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies | synonyms=colonization, colonisation | examples=the British colonization of America
5. sense_key=settlement%1:09:00:: | definition=something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making | synonyms=resolution, closure | examples=they finally reached a settlement with the union; they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences
6. sense_key=settlement%1:15:00:: | definition=an area where a group of families live together
7. sense_key=settlement%1:04:00:: | definition=termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities | synonyms=liquidation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Deutsche Bank paying 145 million dollars to settle disputes, and the sentence states "The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement." This refers to a legal agreement/resolution of a dispute.

Looking at the candidate senses:

5. "something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making" with examples "they finally reached a settlement with the union; they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences" - this fits well as it's about resolving a dispute.

3. "a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it" - this also fits.

Both 3 and 5 seem applicable. Let me look more carefully.

Sense 5 has the synonym "resolution" and example "they finally reached a settlement with the union" which is very similar to the context of settling disputes.

Sense 3 is "a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it" - this is more about the process/conclusive nature.

The context specifically talks about settling disputes, paying money, and the bank not admitting culpability - this is a classic legal settlement. The example in sense 5 "reached a settlement with the union" is very close to this context.

I think sense 5 is the best match because the example directly parallels the context of resolving disputes between parties.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dollar
Target surface form: dollars
Context:
The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million <t>dollars</t>. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is "Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars." This is referring to a monetary amount in U.S. currency. The sense that best fits is the basic monetary unit in many countries, equal to 100 cents.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: responsiveness
Target surface form: responsiveness
Context:
The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the <t>responsiveness</t> of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=responsiveness%1:09:00:: | definition=responsive to stimulation | synonyms=reactivity
2. sense_key=responsiveness%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being responsive; reacting quickly; as a quality of people, it involves responding with emotion to people and events

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a financial settlement where the NCUA chairman welcomed the "responsiveness" of two banks. This refers to how quickly and positively the banks responded to the situation - i.e., their willingness to cooperate and resolve the issue. This aligns with sense 2: "the quality of being responsive; reacting quickly; as a quality of people, it involves responding with emotion to people and events." This is about the banks' cooperative response, not about physical/biological stimulation (sense 1).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products. The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two <t>banks</t>. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about the National Credit Union Administration accusing major banks of misleading credit unions, with mentions of Deutsche Bank and Citigroup. The target word "banks" refers to financial institutions. The best sense is the one about a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels money into lending activities.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bankruptcy
Target surface form: bankruptcies
Context:
The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in <t>bankruptcies</t> to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of complete lack of some abstract property | examples=spiritual bankruptcy; moral bankruptcy
2. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:00:: | definition=inability to discharge all your debts as they come due | synonyms=failure | examples=the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks
3. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:04:00:: | definition=a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context talks about the NCUA intervening in bankruptcies of credit unions to protect customer deposits. This is about a legal/financial process where entities are insolvent and a process is needed to handle creditors. Sense 2 is about "inability to discharge all your debts as they come due" - this is the general state of being bankrupt. Sense 3 is about "a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent."

The context says "intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits" and mentions "compensation for losses." This sounds like the NCUA is involved in the legal/bankruptcy proceedings/process. Sense 3 specifically refers to the legal process, which aligns with an organization "intervening" in bankruptcies. However, sense 2 could also work as the general state.

The key phrase is "intervenes in bankruptcies" - this suggests the legal process sense (sense 3), where the NCUA is participating in the bankruptcy proceedings as a legal process to protect depositors. The mention of "fighting for compensation for losses" also suggests legal proceedings.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Intervenes in bankruptcies" could mean intervenes in cases of bankruptcy (sense 2) or in the legal process of bankruptcy (sense 3). Given the context of the NCUA as a regulatory body that gets involved in proceedings, sense 3 (the legal process) seems most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deposit
Target surface form: deposits
Context:
The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer <t>deposits</t>. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deposit%1:19:00:: | definition=the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating | synonyms=sedimentation, alluviation
2. sense_key=deposit%1:17:00:: | definition=matter that has been deposited by some natural process | synonyms=sediment
3. sense_key=deposit%1:22:00:: | definition=the natural process of laying down a deposit of something | synonyms=deposition
4. sense_key=deposit%1:21:01:: | definition=money deposited in a bank or some similar institution | synonyms=bank deposit
5. sense_key=deposit%1:21:00:: | definition=a partial payment made at the time of purchase; the balance to be paid later | synonyms=down payment
6. sense_key=deposit%1:21:02:: | definition=money given as security for an article acquired for temporary use | examples=his deposit was refunded when he returned the car
7. sense_key=deposit%1:10:01:: | definition=a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met
8. sense_key=deposit%1:06:00:: | definition=a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping | synonyms=depository, depositary, repository
9. sense_key=deposit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of putting something somewhere | synonyms=deposition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

content: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

reasoning_content:
The context is about credit unions, banks, and customer deposits. The sentence says: "The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits."

This is about money deposited in banks/credit unions. Sense 4 matches: "money deposited in a bank or some similar institution" with synonym "bank deposit".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deposit
Target surface form: deposits
Context:
The value of the securities dropped dramatically during the financial crisis and brought down the credit unions. "We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer <t>deposits</t>. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deposit%1:19:00:: | definition=the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating | synonyms=sedimentation, alluviation
2. sense_key=deposit%1:17:00:: | definition=matter that has been deposited by some natural process | synonyms=sediment
3. sense_key=deposit%1:22:00:: | definition=the natural process of laying down a deposit of something | synonyms=deposition
4. sense_key=deposit%1:21:01:: | definition=money deposited in a bank or some similar institution | synonyms=bank deposit
5. sense_key=deposit%1:21:00:: | definition=a partial payment made at the time of purchase; the balance to be paid later | synonyms=down payment
6. sense_key=deposit%1:21:02:: | definition=money given as security for an article acquired for temporary use | examples=his deposit was refunded when he returned the car
7. sense_key=deposit%1:10:01:: | definition=a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met
8. sense_key=deposit%1:06:00:: | definition=a facility where things can be deposited for storage or safekeeping | synonyms=depository, depositary, repository
9. sense_key=deposit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of putting something somewhere | synonyms=deposition

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 9. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

reasoning_content: The context is about customer deposits in credit unions, which refers to money deposited in banks/financial institutions. That's sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compensation
Target surface form: compensation
Context:
"We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for <t>compensation</t> for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compensation%1:21:00:: | definition=something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)
2. sense_key=compensation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
3. sense_key=compensation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of compensating for service or loss or injury | synonyms=recompense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a legal/financial settlement where banks are paying money. The NCUA is "fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions." This is clearly about money/payment received as reparation for losses.

Sense 1: something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury)
Sense 2: (psychiatry) a defense mechanism
Sense 3: the act of compensating for service or loss or injury

Both sense 1 and sense 3 could apply. Sense 1 focuses on the thing given/received (money), while sense 3 focuses on the act. The context says "fighting for compensation for losses" - this is about seeking payment/reparation for losses, which aligns with sense 1 (something given or received as payment or reparation for a loss).

Sense 3 is about the act of compensating. The phrase "fighting for compensation" is more about seeking the thing (money/payment) rather than performing the act.

Sense 1 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: billion
Target surface form: billions
Context:
"We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the <t>billions</t>. The current settlements are the first of their kind.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=billion%1:23:01:: | definition=the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen | synonyms=one million million, 1000000000000
2. sense_key=billion%1:23:02:: | definition=a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole) | synonyms=million, trillion, zillion, jillion, gazillion | examples=there were millions of flies
3. sense_key=billion%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros | synonyms=one thousand million, 1000000000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

content: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
The context is about the NCUA fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The earlier context mentions "20.5 million dollars" and this is a financial settlement context. In US financial contexts, "billions" typically means thousands of millions (1,000,000,000), which is the short scale / US usage. The sense with "one thousand million, 1000000000" (sense 3) is the US billion.

The context mentions Deutsche Bank (New York), Citigroup, NCUA (US), so this is clearly American English. In American English, a billion is 1,000,000,000 (one followed by 9 zeros).

Sense 1 is the UK/long-scale billion (one followed by 12 zeros), but the note says this usage is frequently seen in the US - this is a bit confusing. Actually, looking at the definition: "the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen" - wait, this seems oddly worded. Let me re-read.

"the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen" - Hmm, this is WordNet's note that in the UK, the US usage (short scale) is frequently seen. So sense 1 is the long scale (12 zeros) and it's noting that even in the UK, the US short scale usage is often seen.

Sense 3 is the short scale billion (9 zeros) = one thousand million.

Given the US context (Deutsche Bank New York, NCUA, Citigroup), this is American English, so sense 3 (1,000,000,000) is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: billion
Target surface form: billions
Context:
"We are happy to have resolved the issue without the parties going to court," said a Deutsche Bank spokesman in New York. The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the <t>billions</t>. The current settlements are the first of their kind.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=billion%1:23:01:: | definition=the number that is represented as a one followed by 12 zeros; in the United Kingdom the usage followed in the United States is frequently seen | synonyms=one million million, 1000000000000
2. sense_key=billion%1:23:02:: | definition=a very large indefinite number (usually hyperbole) | synonyms=million, trillion, zillion, jillion, gazillion | examples=there were millions of flies
3. sense_key=billion%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that is represented as a one followed by 9 zeros | synonyms=one thousand million, 1000000000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content: The user wants me to choose the best sense for "billions" in the context. The context is about financial settlements - "losses that run into the billions." In US English, "billions" refers to 1,000,000,000 (one thousand million). The context mentions Deutsche Bank, Citigroup, NCUA - all US entities, so US English convention applies. Sense 3 corresponds to "one thousand million, 1000000000" which is the US convention. Sense 1 is the UK convention (one million million = 1,000,000,000,000). Since the context is about US institutions and uses US English, sense 3 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: settlement
Target surface form: settlements
Context:
The bank did not admit culpability in the settlement. The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current <t>settlements</t> are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=settlement%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government | synonyms=colony | examples=the American colony in Paris
2. sense_key=settlement%1:14:01:: | definition=a community of people smaller than a town | synonyms=village, small town
3. sense_key=settlement%1:10:00:: | definition=a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it
4. sense_key=settlement%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies | synonyms=colonization, colonisation | examples=the British colonization of America
5. sense_key=settlement%1:09:00:: | definition=something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making | synonyms=resolution, closure | examples=they finally reached a settlement with the union; they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences
6. sense_key=settlement%1:15:00:: | definition=an area where a group of families live together
7. sense_key=settlement%1:04:00:: | definition=termination of a business operation by using its assets to discharge its liabilities | synonyms=liquidation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about banks agreeing to pay money in legal settlements with the NCUA (National Credit Union Administration). The sentence "The current settlements are the first of their kind" refers to legal agreements/arrangements where banks pay compensation.

Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 1: colony - not relevant
- Sense 2: village/small town - not relevant
- Sense 3: "a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it" - this fits the legal context
- Sense 4: colonization - not relevant
- Sense 5: "something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making" with example "they finally reached a settlement with the union" - this also fits
- Sense 6: area where families live - not relevant
- Sense 7: liquidation - not really, this is about paying compensation, not liquidating

Between sense 3 and sense 5:
- Sense 3: "a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it" - more general
- Sense 5: "something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making" with example about reaching a settlement with the union - this is more about the agreement/resolution itself

The context talks about banks agreeing to pay amounts, which is a legal settlement/resolution. The example in sense 5 "they finally reached a settlement with the union" is very similar to "Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars" - this is a negotiated resolution.

Sense 3 emphasizes "conclusive resolution and disposition" while sense 5 emphasizes "something settled or resolved; outcome of decision making."

Given the legal context of agreements between banks and a regulator, sense 5 seems more appropriate because it captures the negotiated agreement aspect, similar to "reached a settlement with the union."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: regulator
Target surface form: regulator
Context:
The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The <t>regulator</t> had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=regulator%1:06:00:: | definition=any of various controls or devices for regulating or controlling fluid flow, pressure, temperature, etc.
2. sense_key=regulator%1:18:00:: | definition=an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
3. sense_key=regulator%1:06:01:: | definition=a control that maintains a steady speed in a machine (as by controlling the supply of fuel) | synonyms=governor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about the NCUA (National Credit Union Administration), which is a government agency that regulates credit unions. The text describes the regulator suing banks, approaching other banks, and fighting for compensation. This clearly refers to an official body responsible for supervision/regulation, not a mechanical device.

Sense 2 is the best match: "an official responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest"


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bank
Target surface form: banks
Context:
The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major <t>banks</t> and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bank%1:17:01:: | definition=sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water) | examples=they pulled the canoe up on the bank; he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents
2. sense_key=bank%1:14:00:: | definition=a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities | synonyms=depository financial institution, banking concern, banking company | examples=he cashed a check at the bank; that bank holds the mortgage on my home
3. sense_key=bank%1:17:00:: | definition=a long ridge or pile | examples=a huge bank of earth
4. sense_key=bank%1:14:01:: | definition=an arrangement of similar objects in a row or in tiers | examples=he operated a bank of switches
5. sense_key=bank%1:21:00:: | definition=a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies)
6. sense_key=bank%1:21:01:: | definition=the funds held by a gambling house or the dealer in some gambling games | examples=he tried to break the bank at Monte Carlo
7. sense_key=bank%1:17:02:: | definition=a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force | synonyms=cant, camber
8. sense_key=bank%1:06:01:: | definition=a container (usually with a slot in the top) for keeping money at home | synonyms=savings bank, coin bank, money box | examples=the coin bank was empty
9. sense_key=bank%1:06:00:: | definition=a building in which the business of banking transacted | synonyms=bank building | examples=the bank is on the corner of Nassau and Witherspoon
10. sense_key=bank%1:04:00:: | definition=a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning) | examples=the plane went into a steep bank

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses financial institutions - Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Royal Bank of Scotland, Goldman Sachs, credit unions, deposits, mortgages, securities. "Banks" clearly refers to financial institutions. Sense 2 matches: "a financial institution that accepts deposits and channels the money into lending activities."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
The same is true of Citigroup, which agreed to pay 20.5 million dollars. The NCUA chairman, Debbie Matz, welcomed the responsiveness of the two banks. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is responsible for the US credit unions and intervenes in bankruptcies to protect customer deposits. The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the <t>summer</t>. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context talks about a regulator suing banks "in the summer" - this is referring to a time period, specifically the warmest season of the year. Sense 1 matches this perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
The NCUA is fighting for compensation for losses that run into the billions. The current settlements are the first of their kind. The regulator had also approached other major banks and sued JPMorgan Chase, the Royal Bank of Scotland and Goldman Sachs in the summer. The dubious mortgage securities are so-called mortgage-backed securities. They are underpinned by home loans. This sealed the <t>fate</t> of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007. The US investment bank, Lehman Brothers, went belly-up in September 2008 at the height of the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "This sealed the fate of a number of financial companies when the US property bubble exploded in 2007."

Here, "fate" refers to what happened to the financial companies - their downfall, their condition/outcome. This is about the overall circumstances or condition that befell these companies.

Sense 1: an event that will inevitably happen in the future - this is more about inevitability/destiny in a prophetic sense.
Sense 2: the ultimate agency predetermining events - personified destiny.
Sense 3: your overall circumstances or condition in life - this fits "sealed the fate of" meaning determined the outcome/condition of these companies.

Sense 3 is the best match. "Sealed the fate" means determined the outcome/fortune of these companies.