[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finds
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that <t>finds</t> its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"

Here, "finds" means "discovers" or "achieves" or "gets" its satisfaction. The passion discovers/achieves its satisfaction in something.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
3. come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost
4. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
5. come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with
7. get something or somebody for a specific purpose
8. make a discovery, make a new finding
9. make a discovery
10. obtain through effort or management
11. decide on and make a declaration about
12. receive a specified treatment (abstract)
13. perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place
14. get or find back; recover the use of
15. succeed in reaching; arrive at
16. accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation

The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" means the passion achieves/obtains/discovers its satisfaction in something.

Looking at sense 10: "obtain through effort or management" - examples include "She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents" - this is about obtaining something.

Sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - examples include "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation" - this is about receiving something abstract.

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this is about discovering something.

The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" - the passion finds (discovers/achieves) its satisfaction in mathematical completeness. This is about the passion achieving or obtaining its satisfaction.

Sense 10 seems closest - "obtain through effort or management" - the passion obtains its satisfaction.

But sense 12 is also relevant - "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - the passion receives its satisfaction.

Actually, looking more carefully, "finds its satisfaction in" is an idiomatic expression meaning "achieves/derives its satisfaction from." The passion discovers or obtains its satisfaction in something.

Sense 10 with "obtain through effort or management" seems like a good fit. The passion obtains its satisfaction through mathematical completeness.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Find its satisfaction in" is similar to "find expression in" which is sense 12's example. Sense 12 is about receiving a specified treatment abstractly. "Find expression" is a common collocation.

But "find satisfaction" is also a common collocation. Let me think about which sense fits better.

Sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - the example "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation" shows that "find" here means "receive" in an abstract sense.

Sense 10: "obtain through effort or management" - this is more about actively getting something.

In "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness," the passion is receiving/deriving its satisfaction from mathematical completeness. This is more passive - the satisfaction is found (discovered/derived) in something.

Hmm, but sense 2 is "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this is about discovering something's existence.

Actually, I think sense 10 is the best fit. The passion obtains/achieves its satisfaction in mathematical completeness. The examples for sense 10 include "She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents" which is about finding/obtaining something.

Wait, let me look at sense 12 again. "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - the satisfaction is a treatment that the passion receives. "Find satisfaction" could be seen as receiving satisfaction.

Actually, I think sense 10 is better. The passion finds (obtains) its satisfaction in something. This is about obtaining/achieving something.

Let me go with sense 10.

Actually, on further reflection, "finds its satisfaction in" is most naturally interpreted as "discovers/derives its satisfaction from" or "achieves its satisfaction in."

Sense 10: "obtain through effort or management" - this fits well because the passion obtains its satisfaction.

Sense 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - this could also fit because the passion receives satisfaction.

I'll go with sense 10 as it seems to be the most direct match for "find" meaning "obtain" or "achieve."

Wait, I want to reconsider once more. The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" - the subject is "passion" and the object is "satisfaction." The passion finds (locates/discovers/obtains) its satisfaction in mathematical completeness.

If we think of it as "the passion locates its satisfaction in X" - that would be sense 3 (come upon after searching).
If we think of it as "the passion discovers its satisfaction in X" - that would be sense 2 or 8 or 9.
If we think of it as "the passion obtains its satisfaction in X" - that would be sense 10.

I think "obtain" is the best interpretation here. The passion obtains/achieves its satisfaction through mathematical completeness.

Final answer: sense 10.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfaction
Target surface form: satisfaction
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "satisfaction" in the context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

Let me analyze the context. Dorothy L. Sayers is describing bell ringing as a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. This means the passion is fulfilled or gratified by achieving mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite

Senses 3 and 4 are clearly not relevant - they're about compensation/law.

Between senses 1, 2, and 5:
- Sense 1: contentment when one has fulfilled a desire
- Sense 2: state of being gratified or satisfied
- Sense 5: act of fulfilling a desire or need

The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" - this is about the passion being fulfilled/gratified by the mathematical completeness. It's about the fulfillment of the desire/passation.

Sense 1 is about the contentment felt when a desire is fulfilled.
Sense 5 is about the act of fulfilling a desire.
Sense 2 is about the state of being gratified.

"finds its satisfaction in" - this could be interpreted as the passion achieves its fulfillment/gratification through mathematical completeness.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 1 emphasizes the contentment/emotional state after fulfillment
- Sense 5 emphasizes the act of fulfilling
- Sense 2 emphasizes the state of being gratified

"A passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness" - the satisfaction here is what the passion achieves/derives from mathematical completeness. This is more about gratification - the state of being satisfied. Sense 2 with "gratification" as a synonym seems to fit well here.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Finds its satisfaction in" means the passion derives its satisfaction/gratification from mathematical completeness. This is the fulfillment of the passion.

Sense 5 is "act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite" - this would be the act itself.
Sense 1 is "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire" - this is the emotional result.
Sense 2 is "state of being gratified or satisfied" - this is the state.

I think sense 1 is the most natural fit here. The passion feels contentment because it has been fulfilled by mathematical completeness. The example "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction" is similar - feeling satisfied after achieving something.

But wait, sense 2 also works. "State of being gratified" - the passion is in a state of being gratified by mathematical completeness.

Let me think about the WordNet hierarchy. These senses are organized in a tree:
- satisfaction%1:04:00:: (act of fulfilling)
  - satisfaction%1:12:00:: (contentment from fulfillment)
    - satisfaction%1:21:00:: (compensation for wrong)
    - satisfaction%1:21:01:: (law payment)
- satisfaction%1:26:00:: (state of being gratified)

The numbers indicate the semantic file - 04 is act, 12 is feeling, 21 is possession, 26 is state.

In the context "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection," the passion is finding its fulfillment/gratification. The "satisfaction" here is what the passion derives from these activities.

I think sense 1 (contentment from fulfilled desire) is the best fit because:
- A passion is a desire/need
- The passion is fulfilled by mathematical completeness
- The satisfaction is the contentment from this fulfillment

Actually, on further thought, "finds its satisfaction in" suggests more the state of being gratified - the passion achieves gratification through these activities. Sense 2 might be better.

Hmm, but the structure "X finds its satisfaction in Y" typically means X derives contentment/fulfillment from Y. This aligns with sense 1 - the contentment from fulfillment.

Let me go with sense 1 as the best fit. The passion, which is a desire, finds contentment (satisfaction) in mathematical completeness because this completeness fulfills the desire.

Actually, I want to reconsider one more time. Sense 2 "state of being gratified or satisfied" with synonym "gratification" - the example "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" is quite close to the structure here. Ringing is a passion that gives gratification (satisfaction).

Both 1 and 2 are very close. Let me look at the specific definitions again:
1. "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation" - this is the emotional feeling
2. "state of being gratified or satisfied" - this is a more abstract state

In "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness," the satisfaction is what the passion finds/achieves. This is more about the state of being satisfied (sense 2) rather than the specific emotional feeling (sense 1).

But sense 1 is more specific and concrete, and the example "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction" is very similar in structure to the context.

I'll go with sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Minimax

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "mathematical" appears in the phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" in the context of church bell ringing. Dorothy L. Sayers is describing ringing as a passion that finds satisfaction in mathematical completeness.

Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics" - This is the general sense relating to mathematics as a discipline.
2. "relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers" - This is about numerical aptitude.
3. "beyond question" (unquestionable) - Like "mathematical certainty"
4. "statistically possible though highly improbable" - Like "mathematical chance"
5. "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics" - Like "mathematical precision"

In this context, "mathematical completeness" refers to the precise, exact, and complete nature of the ringing pattern. Bell ringing involves mathematical permutations and precise timing. The phrase "mathematical completeness" suggests the completeness and precision of the mathematical patterns involved in change ringing.

Sense 5 ("characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics") seems to fit well because "mathematical completeness" refers to the precision and exactness of the mathematical patterns in bell ringing. The ringing involves mathematical permutations, and the "completeness" refers to the precise, exact execution of these patterns.

Sense 1 is also possible as a general reference to mathematics, but sense 5 captures the nuance of "completeness" better - it's about the exactness and precision of the mathematical patterns.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Mathematical completeness" in the context of change ringing could refer to the completeness of mathematical permutations (like all possible changes being rung). This is more about the nature of mathematics (sense 1) - the mathematical nature of the patterns.

But "completeness" paired with "mathematical" and "mechanical perfection" suggests precision and exactness. The ringing is described as finding satisfaction in mathematical completeness - meaning the complete, precise execution of mathematical patterns.

I think sense 5 is the best fit because it captures the idea of precision and exactness, which aligns with "completeness" and "mechanical perfection" in the context.

Wait, let me think again. "Mathematical completeness" in change ringing refers to the fact that change ringing is based on mathematical permutations - the ringers are working through mathematical patterns. The "completeness" here refers to the thorough, complete execution of these mathematical patterns.

Sense 1 is about the nature of mathematics in general. Sense 5 is about exactness/precision.

Given the context of "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection," I think sense 5 fits best because:
- "Mathematical completeness" = the exactness/precision of mathematical patterns
- "Mechanical perfection" = parallels the precision theme

Actually, I'm going back and forth. Let me look at the examples more carefully.

Sense 1 examples: "a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments" - these are things that are mathematical in nature.

Sense 5 examples: "mathematical precision" - this is about precision.

"Mathematical completeness" - this is about the completeness of mathematical patterns, which relates to the precision and exactness of mathematics (sense 5).

I'll go with sense 5.

Hmm, but actually "mathematical completeness" could also be interpreted as "the completeness that mathematics provides" or "completeness in a mathematical sense." This is more about the nature of mathematics (sense 1).

Let me think about what Dorothy L. Sayers meant. She was describing bell ringing as a passion that finds satisfaction in mathematical completeness. Change ringing is based on mathematical permutations, and the ringers find satisfaction in the complete, precise execution of these patterns.

I think sense 5 is the best fit because "mathematical completeness" emphasizes the precision and exactness of the mathematical patterns being executed. The phrase is about the exact, precise nature of the mathematical patterns in bell ringing.

Final answer: sense 5.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: completeness
Target surface form: completeness
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context talks about mathematical completeness in the context of church bell ringing. Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

The word "mathematical" modifies "completeness" here. In mathematics, completeness often refers to a specific technical property, but in this context, it seems to be used more generally to mean the satisfaction of achieving a complete, whole pattern - like completing a mathematical sequence or pattern.

Sense 1 is about the general state of being complete and entire, having everything that is needed.
Sense 2 is about a specific logical/mathematical attribute where a contradiction arises if a proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms.

In the context of bell ringing, "mathematical completeness" refers to the satisfaction of achieving a complete mathematical pattern or sequence - all changes completed. This is more about the state of being complete (sense 1) than the formal logical concept of completeness (sense 2).

The bell ringing context is about completing a method - a sequence of changes. The "mathematical completeness" here means the satisfaction of a complete, entire mathematical pattern. This aligns with sense 1: the state of being complete and entire.

Sense 2 is a very specific technical term in logic, and while "mathematical" is used here, the meaning is not about logical consistency or derivability from axioms. It's about the completeness of the pattern/method being rung.

So sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "mechanical" appears in the phrase "mechanical perfection" in the context of church bell ringing. Let me analyze the context:

The passage describes the art of bell ringing, where skilled ringers use precise timing and technique. Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringing as "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

Here, "mechanical perfection" refers to the precise, machine-like precision and flawless execution of the bell ringing movements. It's about the smooth, precise, almost automatic quality of the performance - like a well-oiled machine.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Sense 1 seems most appropriate here. "Mechanical perfection" in this context means perfection that is like that of a mechanism - precise, smooth, flawless, automatic. The example "a mechanical process" fits well, as does "his smile was very mechanical" (meaning automatic, unthinking, precise in a routine way).

Sense 2 is about relating to machinery or tools in a more literal sense (mechanical arts, mechanical design).
Sense 3 is about physics/mechanics as a science.

Sense 1 best captures the meaning of "mechanical perfection" as the kind of precise, machine-like, flawless execution that the ringers achieve.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" in the context of bell-ringing. The word "perfection" here refers to the quality of being flawless, without defect - the mechanical execution of the ringing is flawless. This matches sense 1: "the state of being without a flaw or defect" (flawlessness). The phrase "faultlessly performed" in the next sentence reinforces this meaning - it's about the absence of flaws in the mechanical execution.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is clearly about people who ring church bells. The passage discusses bell ringing, ropes, belfry, bronze bells, Dorothy L. Sayers, and Stephanie Pattenden as a "ringer." This matches sense 1 perfectly - "a person who rings church bells."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

Here, "added" means "stated further" or "said additionally" - Dorothy L. Sayers is adding more to her previous description of ringing. This matches sense 2: "state or say further" with synonyms "append, supply."

Sense 1 is about making an addition (combining things, increasing quantity). Sense 3 is about bestowing a quality. Sense 2 is clearly the best match.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 6. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context says "Ringers... are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'" This means the ringers are imbued/permeated with a feeling. The phrase "filled with" here means "generously supplied with" or "imbued with" - sense 1 matches this perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "solemn" appears in the quote: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringing
- Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringers as being "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"
- The word is describing an experience/feeling associated with the ritual of bell ringing
- "Solemn intoxication" suggests a deep, serious, almost reverential feeling

Now let me compare the two candidate senses:

Sense 1: "dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises" - synonyms: grave, sedate, sober
- This sense emphasizes dignity, somberness, and a serious character
- Examples: "a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature"

Sense 2: "characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions" - synonyms: earnest, sincere
- This sense emphasizes earnestness and sincerity in beliefs
- Examples: "both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant"

The context here is about the "solemn intoxication" that comes from performing intricate ritual. This suggests a deep, serious, almost sacred feeling. The word "solemn" here describes the quality of the experience - it's grave, serious, dignified.

Sense 1 seems more appropriate because:
- The context is about a dignified, serious religious practice (church bell ringing)
- "Solemn intoxication" suggests a grave, serious emotional state
- The synonyms "grave, sedate, sober" fit better with the sense of reverent seriousness associated with religious ritual
- Sense 2's focus on "firm belief in validity of opinions" doesn't quite fit the context of describing a feeling or experience

I'll go with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 5}{"sense_index": 5}

content: {"sense_index": 5}{"sense_index": 5}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "comes" in the phrase "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

This is the construction "comes of" meaning "results from" or "is produced by." Looking at the candidate senses:

- Sense 5: "to be the product or result" with synonyms "follow" and examples "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience" - this fits well.
- Sense 13: "happen as a result" with example "Nothing good will come of this" - this also fits.

Let me think more carefully. Sense 5 says "to be the product or result" with examples about things coming from sources. Sense 13 says "happen as a result" with the example "Nothing good will come of this."

The phrase "comes of" means "results from" or "is the product/result of." Both senses 5 and 13 seem relevant.

Sense 5's example "Melons come from a vine" is very similar to "the intoxication comes of intricate ritual" - where something is the product/result of something else.

Sense 13's example "Nothing good will come of this" is also about results/consequences.

Looking at the definition more carefully:
- Sense 5: "to be the product or result" - synonyms: follow
- Sense 13: "happen as a result"

I think sense 5 is the better fit because the construction "comes of [X]" typically means "[Y] is the product/result of [X]" - the intoxication IS the product of the ritual. This is more about being a product/result than just "happening as a result."

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 13 "happen as a result" with the example "Nothing good will come of this" is also about the "come of" construction. The difference seems subtle.

Sense 5 focuses on the origin/source ("come from"), while sense 13 focuses on the consequence ("happen as a result"). In the context "the intoxication that comes of intricate ritual," the intoxication is the result/product that comes from the ritual. This is more about the source/origin relationship, fitting sense 5 better.

Wait, but sense 5's example "Understanding comes from experience" is very close to "intoxication comes of ritual." The meaning is that understanding (or intoxication) is the product/result that derives from experience (or ritual).

I'll go with sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 5}{"sense_index": 5}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 21. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 5}{"sense_index": 5}

reasoning_content:
The context is: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

This means "comes of" = "results from" / "is the product of". The best sense is #5: "to be the product or result" with example "Understanding comes from experience."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context describes church bell ringing as a "ritual" that is "faultlessly performed." The ringers are engaged in a highly structured, ceremonial practice. Dorothy L. Sayers describes it as having "intricate ritual" — referring to the elaborate, prescribed procedure of change ringing.

Let me consider the three senses:

1. "any customary observance or practice" — this is broad, could fit any habit or custom
2. "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" — this is about formal religious procedures
3. "stereotyped behavior" — this is about repetitive, stereotyped actions

The context is about church bell ringing, which is indeed a religious ceremony context (church bells, belfry, ringers, "St. Mary Abbot"). The quote describes it as "ritual faultlessly performed" — emphasizing the ceremonial, prescribed nature of the procedure. The ringing follows strict mathematical patterns (change ringing) and is a prescribed procedure in a religious context.

Sense 2 seems best because: (a) it's about a prescribed procedure, (b) it's in a religious context (church bells), and (c) the emphasis on "faultlessly performed" suggests a formal ceremony. The ringing of church bells is a religious ceremony with prescribed procedures.

Sense 1 is too general. Sense 3 doesn't fit well — the ringing isn't really "stereotyped behavior" in the pejorative sense.

Actually, let me reconsider. Change ringing is a very specific, intricate procedure. The word "ritual" here refers to the elaborate, prescribed pattern of change ringing. While it's done in a church context, the emphasis is more on the "prescribed procedure" aspect (the mathematical changes) than on it being specifically a "religious ceremony." But sense 2 says "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies," which fits because church bell ringing is part of a religious service/ceremony.

I think sense 2 is the best fit given the church context and the emphasis on procedure being "faultlessly performed" (like a ceremony).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context describes bell-ringing as "intricate ritual faultlessly performed." The bell-ringing involves prescribed procedures (mathematical completeness, mechanical perfection, precise timing of pulls). While it has elements of custom/practice (sense 1) and could be seen as stereotyped behavior (sense 3), the most fitting sense is the one about prescribed procedure for conducting ceremonies - bell ringing in church is a ceremonial/religious practice with strict prescribed procedures. Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 is "any customary observance or practice" which is broad. Sense 2 is specifically about religious ceremonies. Sense 3 is "stereotyped behavior."

Bell ringing here is described as a ritual with mathematical completeness, mechanical perfection, intricate and faultlessly performed. This is more about a customary practice/observance rather than strictly a religious ceremony procedure. However, church bell ringing does have a ceremonial/religious aspect.

The quote says "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - this suggests the ritualistic, prescribed nature of the activity. Sense 2 "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" fits well because bell ringing in church is a religious ceremony with prescribed procedures.

But sense 1 "any customary observance or practice" could also fit since the ritual here is broadly about the practice of bell ringing.

Given the religious context (church bells, belfry, Dorothy L. Sayers quote about the "solemn" nature), sense 2 seems most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "performed" appears in the context of church bell ringing. The sentence reads: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

Here, "performed" refers to the ritual of bell ringing being carried out/executed. The ringers are performing the ritual of ringing bells. This is about carrying out an action - executing the ritual of bell ringing with perfection.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: - "carry out or perform an action" with synonyms execute, do. Example: "John did the painting"
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: - "perform a function" - this is about fulfilling a role
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: - "give a performance (of something)" - like a musical performance or theatrical performance
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: - "get (something) done" - like completing a task

The context is about the ritual of bell ringing being "faultlessly performed." The ritual is an action being carried out. While sense 3 could be considered (since bell ringing is a performance in some sense), the more general sense of "carrying out an action" or "executing" seems most appropriate. The ritual is being executed/carried out.

Sense 3 is more about giving a performance like a concert or opera - the examples are about Horowitz performing at Carnegie Hall and performing Gilbert and Sullivan opera.

Sense 1 is about carrying out or performing an action - the ritual of bell ringing is an action being carried out.

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The "intricate ritual" is an action being performed/carried out, not a concert or theatrical performance.

Answer: sense_index: 1

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden.

Here, "become" is used to mean "turn into" or "come to be" - i.e., ringing does come to be / turn into a bit of an obsession. This is about undergoing a change or development, turning into something.

Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - synonyms: go, get
Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" - synonyms: turn

Both could work, but "become" here means ringing transforms/changes into an obsession. Sense 2 with "turn" as a synonym seems most fitting. Sense 1 with "get" is also close ("Ringing does get to be a bit of an obsession").

Actually, let me think more carefully. "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - this means ringing ends up being / turns into an obsession. The change/development sense (sense 2) fits well with "turn into." Sense 1 is about entering a state, which is similar but the "change" aspect of sense 2 is more salient here since it's about something transforming into something else.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context describes bell-ringing as something that "does become a bit of an obsession" - this is describing a passion or strong interest/engagement in the activity. The sentence says "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" and contrasts it with it being "a passion that usually stays in the tower."

Looking at the two senses:
1. "an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will" - This is more about compulsive/irrational behavior, like OCD-type behaviors. The synonyms is "compulsion." The example about washing hands repeatedly suggests a clinical or pathological compulsion.
2. "an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone" - This is about a strong preoccupation. Synonym is "fixation."

The context talks about bell-ringing as a passion, something that absorbs people. The person "admits" it's "a bit of an obsession" - this suggests a strong interest/engagement rather than a clinical compulsion. It's described as a passion.

Sense 1 is more about irrational, repetitive actions performed against your will - this doesn't fit bell-ringing as a passion/hobby.
Sense 2 is about a compulsive preoccupation with something - this fits better with describing someone being deeply absorbed in bell-ringing.

However, sense 2 says "unhealthy" which is somewhat negative. But the context does present it somewhat as a strong/compelling interest. The word "obsession" here is used colloquially to mean a strong passion/interest.

Between the two, sense 2 (fixation/compulsive preoccupation) fits better than sense 1 (irrational motive for repetitive actions against your will). The bell-ringing is described as a passion, not as something done against one's will due to irrational compulsion.

So sense_index 2 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden...

Here, "admits" means "acknowledges" or "confesses" — she's declaring that ringing becomes an obsession. This matches sense 1: "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of" with synonyms like "acknowledge."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about bell ringing. Stephanie Pattenden is described as "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot." In change ringing, a "master" of a band is the person who directs or leads the ringing band. This is someone who directs the work of others (sense 4) or possibly a person with general authority (sense 2).

Let me look more carefully. "Master of the band" in bell ringing terminology refers to the person who leads/directs the band of ringers. This aligns with sense 4: "directs the work of others."

Sense 2 is "a person who has general authority over others" - this could also fit, but sense 4 is more specific to directing work.

In the context of bell ringing, the "master" of a band is the conductor/director. Sense 4 seems most appropriate.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "best" appears in the phrase "one of England's best female ringers." This is a superlative form describing the quality/skill of the ringers.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution

This is clearly the best match. The word "best" here is the superlative of "good," indicating that Stephanie Pattenden is among the most skilled female ringers in England. The context is about skill and expertise in bell-ringing, and "best" is being used in its superlative sense to rank her among the top ringers.

The other senses don't fit:
- Sense 2 is about "well" (advisable), not applicable here
- Senses 3-23 are all variations of "good" but not the superlative "best"

Sense 1 is the clear winner.