[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to <t>make</t> as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "make" in the context: "the snaking of the ropes seems to <t>make</t> as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

Here, "make" means "produce" or "generate" sound. Let me look at the candidate senses.

Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" with synonyms "cause, do" and examples "cause a commotion; make a stir". This fits well - the ropes make/produce sound.

Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" with synonyms "create" - this is more about creating something.

Sense 6: "create or manufacture a man-made product" - this is about manufacturing products.

Sense 5 seems most appropriate because "make" here means "produce" or "give rise to" (sound). The example "make a stir" is similar to "make sound."

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 5 says "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" - this fits "make sound" well. The ropes make/produce sound.

Sense 3 is "make or cause to be or to become" which is more about causing a state change.

I think sense 5 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much <t>sound</t> as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word "sound" in the context is: "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much <t>sound</t> as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling."

This is referring to the auditory effect/noise produced by the ropes - the physical vibrations and noise they create. Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay

The context is about the noise/sound that ropes make. It's referring to the auditory effect or noise produced by physical causes.

Sense 1 is about the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause - this fits well with the ropes making sound.
Sense 2 is about the subjective sensation of hearing - this is more about the experience of hearing.
Sense 3 is about mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium - this is more technical, about the physical phenomenon.

The sentence says "make as much sound as the bells themselves" - here "sound" refers to the noise/auditory effect produced. This is most aligned with sense 1 - "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause."

The example "the sound of rain on the roof" is very parallel to "the sound of ropes snaking" - both are about the auditory effect of a physical phenomenon.

I'll go with sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the <t>bells</t> themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about bell ringing, specifically church bells used in change ringing. The text describes ringers pulling ropes that make "bells" sound. This is clearly referring to the physical metal bells that are struck to make a ringing sound. Sense 1 (bell%1:06:00::) matches perfectly: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

provider: Minimax


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: muffle
Target surface form: muffled
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, <t>muffled</t> by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=muffle%2:35:00:: | definition=conceal or hide | synonyms=smother, stifle, strangle, repress | examples=smother a yawn; muffle one's anger
2. sense_key=muffle%2:39:00:: | definition=deaden (a sound or noise), especially by wrapping | synonyms=mute, dull, damp, dampen, tone down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The word "muffled" in the context describes the sound of the bells being deadened or reduced by the ceiling. This matches sense 2, which is about deadening a sound.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ceiling
Target surface form: ceiling
Context:
Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the <t>ceiling</t>. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ceiling%1:06:00:: | definition=the overhead upper surface of a covered space | examples=he hated painting the ceiling
2. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:00:: | definition=(meteorology) altitude of the lowest layer of clouds
3. sense_key=ceiling%1:10:00:: | definition=an upper limit on what is allowed | synonyms=roof, cap | examples=he put a ceiling on the number of women who worked for him; there was a roof on salaries
4. sense_key=ceiling%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum altitude at which a plane can fly (under specified conditions)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes a physical ceiling in a church ringing chamber - "a small hole in the high ceiling" and "muffled by the ceiling." This is clearly the overhead upper surface of a covered space.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: absorbed
Target surface form: absorbed
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally <t>absorbed</t>, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:attentive:00 | definition=giving or marked by complete attention to; ; ; - Walter de la Mare | synonyms=captive, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped | examples=that engrossed look or rapt delight; then wrapped in dreams
2. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:unreflected:00 | definition=retained without reflection | examples=the absorbed light intensity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes ringers who are "Totally absorbed" - staring straight ahead, completely focused on their task. This matches sense 1, which means "giving or marked by complete attention to" with synonyms like engrossed, intent, wrapped. Sense 2 is about light being retained without reflection, which doesn't fit.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the <t>ringers</t> stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The context is about bell ringing at a church. The text describes "ringers" who are people standing in a circle pulling ropes connected to bells in a belfry. This clearly refers to people who ring church bells.

Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms "toller, bell ringer" - this is the best match.
Sense 2: about someone identical to another - not relevant.
Sense 3: about a contestant under false pretenses - not relevant.
Sense 4: about horseshoes - not relevant.

The answer is sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the <t>ringers</t> stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 4. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stare
Target surface form: stare
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers <t>stare</t> straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stare%2:39:00:: | definition=look at with fixed eyes | synonyms=gaze | examples=The students stared at the teacher with amazement
2. sense_key=stare%2:29:00:: | definition=fixate one's eyes | examples=The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes ringers staring straight ahead while using peripheral vision to watch other ropes. This is about looking with fixed eyes in a particular direction. Sense 1 is "look at with fixed eyes" and sense 2 is "fixate one's eyes." The context says they "stare straight ahead" — they're looking with fixed eyes in a forward direction. Sense 1 seems to be more general about looking with fixed eyes, while sense 2 is about fixating eyes (more about the action of fixing the gaze).

Actually, looking more carefully: sense 1 is about looking at something with fixed eyes, sense 2 is about fixating one's eyes. The ringers are staring straight ahead, fixating their eyes in a forward position. Either could work, but sense 1 with the synonym "gaze" and the example about staring at someone with fixed eyes seems to match better with the action of staring straight ahead. Sense 2's example about "staring down menacingly" implies a more directed, emotional stare.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: straight
Target surface form: straight
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare <t>straight</t> ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=straight%4:02:05:: | definition=without deviation | synonyms=directly, direct | examples=the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office
2. sense_key=straight%4:02:04:: | definition=in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly | synonyms=directly, flat | examples=he didn't answer directly; told me straight out
3. sense_key=straight%4:02:00:: | definition=in a straight line; in a direct course | examples=the road runs straight

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "straight" in the context describes how the ringers stare — "the ringers stare straight ahead." Here, "straight" modifies "ahead" and means "directly" or "in a direct course/line." The ringers are looking directly forward.

Let me consider the candidate senses:
1. "without deviation" - synonyms: directly, direct. Examples: "the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office." This fits "staring directly ahead."
2. "in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly" - This doesn't fit the context at all. The ringers aren't being candid or frank.
3. "in a straight line; in a direct course" - Examples: "the road runs straight." This could also fit since "straight ahead" implies a direct course/line.

Between 1 and 3, sense 1 ("without deviation" → "directly") seems like the best fit for "stare straight ahead" — it means without deviation from the forward direction. Sense 3 is more about something being in a straight line (like a road), while sense 1 is more about direction without deviation.

Actually, "stare straight ahead" means "stare directly ahead" — without deviation from the forward direction. Sense 1 with "directly" as a synonym matches well.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ahead
Target surface form: ahead
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight <t>ahead</t>, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "ahead" appears in the context: "the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "ahead" means in a forward direction - the ringers are looking straight forward, in front of them. This is a spatial/directional meaning.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition

"Stare straight ahead" - this means looking in a forward direction, straight in front.

Sense 1: "at or in the front" - this is about being located at the front
Sense 3: "in a forward direction" - this is about direction

"Stare straight ahead" uses "ahead" as an adverb of direction, meaning forward. So sense 3 seems most appropriate.

However, sense 1 also has "in front" as a synonym, and the example "I see the lights of a town ahead" is quite similar to looking ahead.

Let me think more carefully. "Stare straight ahead" - the direction they're looking is forward, in front of them.

Sense 1 ("at or in the front") with synonyms "in front, before" - this is more about location (being at the front).
Sense 3 ("in a forward direction") with synonyms "onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader" and examples "go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly" - this is more about direction/movement.

"Stare straight ahead" is about looking in a forward direction. The word is functioning as an adverb of direction. Sense 3 fits better because it's specifically about forward direction.

Actually, looking at sense 1 again - "I see the lights of a town ahead" - this is also about direction (seeing something that is ahead/in front). And "at or in the front" could refer to a position that is in front.

Hmm, this is a close call. Let me think about "stare straight ahead" more carefully. The ringers are looking forward, in the direction they are facing. This is a directional use.

In WordNet, sense 1 (ahead%4:02:00) tends to be used for things that are positioned in front or ahead spatially. Sense 3 (ahead%4:02:02) is more about movement or direction forward.

"Stare straight ahead" - they're not moving, but their gaze is directed forward. This could be either.

Looking at the glosses more carefully:
- Sense 1: "at or in the front" - position
- Sense 3: "in a forward direction" - direction

For "stare straight ahead," the emphasis is on the direction of looking. I think sense 3 is the best fit because it's about direction.

Actually, I want to reconsider. "Stare straight ahead" is similar to "the road ahead is foggy" (sense 1) in that both are about something that is in front, in the forward position from the speaker's perspective.

But "go ahead" (sense 3) is also similar in that it's about moving/going in a forward direction.

I think the key distinction is:
- Sense 1 is about a static position "in front"
- Sense 3 is about dynamic forward direction

"Stare straight ahead" - the stare is directed forward. This is directional. I'll go with sense 3.

Wait, but "I see the lights of a town ahead" - seeing is also a directed action (looking), similar to staring. And this is sense 1.

Hmm. Let me look at the synonyms:
- Sense 1: in front, before
- Sense 3: onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader

"Stare straight ahead" - "ahead" here means "forward" or "in front." Both senses could apply.

I think in this case, sense 1 might be slightly better because the ringers are staring at something that is in front of them (the position). But sense 3 is also valid because the direction is forward.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1's example "I see the lights of a town ahead" - this is very similar to "stare straight ahead" in that both involve a person's gaze being directed forward. The lights of a town are "ahead" meaning in front, in the forward position from the observer.

I'll go with sense 1.

Wait, let me reconsider once more. The WordNet distinction between sense 1 and sense 3:

Sense 1 (ahead%4:02:00): "at or in the front" - this is the spatial sense
Sense 3 (ahead%4:02:02): "in a forward direction" - this is the directional sense

"Stare straight ahead" - the stare is going in a forward direction. This is a directional use of "ahead." Sense 3 fits.

But "the road ahead is foggy" is also directional in a sense - the road is in a forward direction. Hmm.

OK, I think the most natural reading of "stare straight ahead" is that they are looking forward, in the direction they are facing. This is "in a forward direction" = sense 3.

Let me commit to sense 3.

Actually, I want to be more careful. Let me think about this:

"Stare straight ahead" - they're staring in the direction that is ahead of them. The "ahead" here modifies the direction of the stare.

If we say "stare straight forward" - this is similar to sense 3 ("in a forward direction").
If we say "stare at what's in front" - this would be sense 1.

"Stare straight ahead" is more about the direction (forward) than the location (in front). So sense 3.

Final answer: sense 3.

Hmm, but actually, in everyday language, "stare straight ahead" and "stare straight in front" are essentially synonymous. The distinction in WordNet between "at or in the front" (position) and "in a forward direction" (direction) is subtle.

Let me look at the typical WordNet usage:
- "ahead" as in "go ahead" - sense 3 (directional)
- "ahead" as in "the car ahead" - sense 1 (positional)
- "ahead" as in "look ahead to the future" - sense 2 (temporal)
- "ahead" as in "pay ahead" - sense 4 (temporal/anticipation)
- "ahead" as in "get ahead" - sense 5 (progress)
- "ahead" as in "the horse is ahead" - sense 7 (competition)

"Stare straight ahead" - this is about looking in a forward direction, not about a position. Sense 3.

OK, I'll commit to sense 3.

Wait, I want to think about this one more time. The examples for sense 1 are "I see the lights of a town ahead" and "the road ahead is foggy." These are similar to "stare straight ahead" in that they all involve a forward-looking perspective.

But the difference might be:
- Sense 1: "the town ahead" = the town that is in front of us (positional)
- Sense 3: "go ahead" = go in a forward direction (directional)

"Stare straight ahead" = stare in a forward direction (directional) - sense 3.

OK, sense 3 it is.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, <t>using</t> peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "using" means "employing" or "utilizing" - they are employing their peripheral vision to watch the ropes. This is the sense of "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose."

This matches sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose" with synonyms "utilize, utilise, apply, employ."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: call
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they <t>call</t> it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they <t>call</t> it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "call" is used in the sense of naming something. The ringers call (name) their peripheral vision "rope-sight." This means they assign a name to it.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful

Sense 2 is "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality." The example "She called her children lazy" fits, but also "give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" fits well here. "Rope-sight" is a common noun name that reflects the quality of using peripheral vision to see ropes.

Sense 1 is about assigning a proper name. "Rope-sight" is a common noun, not a proper name.

The context: "using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight')" - they're giving a name to their peripheral vision technique. This is giving a common noun name. Sense 2 fits better.

Sense 2: "ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality" - this matches "rope-sight" which is a common noun name reflecting the quality.

Sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to" - this is more for proper names like naming a person or institution.

The answer should be sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: watch
Target surface form: watch
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to <t>watch</t> the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
5. sense_key=watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets!
6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away
7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes bell ringers using peripheral vision to "watch" the other ropes and time their pulls. They are using their eyes to observe the ropes' movements in order to coordinate. This is about visually following/observing the motion of the ropes.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "look attentively" - This fits well. They are attentively watching the ropes using peripheral vision.
2. "follow with the eyes or the mind" with synonyms "observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on" - This also fits, as they are following the ropes with their eyes.
3. "see or watch" with synonyms "view, see, catch, take in" - This is more about viewing something like a show.
4. "observe with attention" with synonyms "look on" - This fits too.
5. "be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful" - Not quite, this is more about being careful/vigilant.
6. "observe or determine by looking" - This could fit since they're observing to determine timing.
7. "find out, learn, or determine with certainty" - Not quite.

The key distinction: they're using peripheral vision to follow the movement of the ropes - this is "following with the eyes." The synonyms for sense 2 include "follow" which seems to match "using peripheral vision to watch the other ropes." They're following the ropes with their eyes to time their pulls.

However, sense 1 "look attentively" also works because the example "watch a basketball game" is similar - you're attentively watching the action.

Sense 2 has the synonym "follow" which captures the idea of tracking moving objects (ropes). The sense 2 gloss "follow with the eyes or the mind" really captures what the ringers are doing - following the ropes with their eyes.

Sense 6 "observe or determine by looking" also has a nice fit because the purpose is to determine timing.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because "follow with the eyes" precisely describes tracking the movement of ropes with peripheral vision. The ringers are following the ropes' movement.

Actually, let me reconsider. The ringers are staring straight ahead, using peripheral vision to watch the other ropes. This is more about observing/tracking movement. Sense 2 with "follow" as a synonym captures this tracking aspect well.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "other" appears in the context: "using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "other ropes" refers to ropes other than the one each ringer is holding. This is the sense of "other" meaning "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" — i.e., the remaining/different ropes.

This matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."

The other senses don't fit:
- Sense 2 (recently past) - doesn't apply
- Sense 3 (distant past/former) - doesn't apply
- Sense 4 (strange/unusual) - doesn't apply

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other <t>ropes</t> and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about bell ringing, where "ropes" refers to the physical ropes used to ring the bells. This matches sense 1: "a strong line."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thus
Target surface form: thus
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and <t>thus</t> time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thus%4:02:00:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, so | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
2. sense_key=thus%4:02:01:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thusly, so | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "thus" appears in the sentence: "using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "thus" is describing the manner or way in which the ringers time their pulls. They use peripheral vision to watch the other ropes, and in this manner/way, they time their pulls.

Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=thus%4:02:00:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, so | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory

2. sense_key=thus%4:02:01:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thusly, so | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus

Sense 1 is for logical conclusion ("therefore").
Sense 2 is for manner ("in the way indicated").

In this context, "thus" describes the manner in which they time their pulls - they do it by using peripheral vision. It's describing "how" they time their pulls, not drawing a logical conclusion.

The sentence could be paraphrased as: "...watch the other ropes and, in this way, time their pulls." This fits sense 2 (manner), not sense 1 (logical conclusion).

So the best sense is sense 2, which corresponds to sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus <t>time</t> their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time | synonyms=clock | examples=he clocked the runners
2. sense_key=time%2:31:00:: | definition=assign a time for an activity or event | examples=The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene
3. sense_key=time%2:31:01:: | definition=set the speed, duration, or execution of | examples=we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely
4. sense_key=time%2:30:01:: | definition=regulate or set the time of | examples=time the clock
5. sense_key=time%2:30:06:: | definition=adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time | examples=The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes bell ringers using peripheral vision to watch other ropes and "time" their pulls. This means they are adjusting when they pull the ropes to coordinate with other ringers - they are regulating the timing of their action to synchronize with others.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=time%2:30:00:: - measure the time or duration of an event - synonyms: clock - "he clocked the runners" - This is about measuring time, not about coordinating actions.

2. sense_key=time%2:31:00:: - assign a time for an activity or event - "The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene" - This is about scheduling.

3. sense_key=time%2:31:01:: - set the speed, duration, or execution of - "we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely" - This is about setting parameters of a process.

4. sense_key=time%2:30:01:: - regulate or set the time of - "time the clock" - This is about setting a clock.

5. sense_key=time%2:30:06:: - adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time - "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely" - This is about coordinating an action to occur at the right moment.

The context is about bell ringers coordinating their pulls with other ringers - they need to pull at the right moment to create the pattern. This is very similar to the example "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely" - it's about adjusting when an action occurs to achieve the desired effect.

Sense 5 (time%2:30:06::) seems to be the best match because the ringers are adjusting their pulls to occur at the desired time to coordinate with other ringers.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pulls
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their <t>pulls</t>. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you | synonyms=pulling | examples=the pull up the hill had him breathing harder; his strenuous pulling strained his back
2. sense_key=pull%1:19:00:: | definition=the force used in pulling | examples=the pull of the moon; the pull of the current
3. sense_key=pull%1:07:00:: | definition=special advantage or influence | synonyms=clout | examples=the chairman's nephew has a lot of pull
4. sense_key=pull%1:06:01:: | definition=a device used for pulling something | examples=he grabbed the pull and opened the drawer
5. sense_key=pull%1:26:00:: | definition=a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments | synonyms=wrench, twist | examples=the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell; he was sidelined with a hamstring pull
6. sense_key=pull%1:04:01:: | definition=a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke) | synonyms=puff, drag | examples=he took a puff on his pipe; he took a drag on his cigarette and expelled the smoke slowly
7. sense_key=pull%1:04:02:: | definition=a sustained effort | examples=it was a long pull but we made it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "pulls" in the context of bell ringing. The sentence says: "using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "pulls" refers to the act of pulling the ropes. The ringers are timing their pulls - meaning the moments when they pull the ropes to ring the bells.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you" - This fits well. The pulls are the acts of pulling the ropes.
2. "the force used in pulling" - Less likely, as they're timing the act, not the force.
3. "special advantage or influence" - No.
4. "a device used for pulling something" - No.
5. "a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments" - No.
6. "a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke)" - No.
7. "a sustained effort" - Possible but less specific.

Sense 1 is the best match - "the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you." The ringers are timing their pulling actions on the ropes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: Far
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. <t>Far</t> above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "Far" appears in the context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells..."

Here, "Far" is used as an adverb modifying "above," indicating a great distance in space. This matches sense 2: "at or to or from a great distance in space."

Let me verify by looking at the other senses:
1. "to a considerable degree; very much" - doesn't fit; "far above" isn't about degree
2. "at or to or from a great distance in space" - fits perfectly; "far above" means a great distance up
3. "at or to a certain point or degree" - doesn't fit
4. "remote in time" - doesn't fit; this is about spatial distance
5. "to an advanced stage or point" - doesn't fit

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "above" appears in the phrase "Far above in the belfry." This describes a physical location that is higher up — the belfry is above the ringing chamber. The sense meaning "in or to a place that is higher" fits perfectly here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bronze
Target surface form: bronze
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge <t>bronze</t> bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color of bronze | synonyms=bronzy
2. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00 | definition=made from or consisting of bronze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The target word "bronze" appears in the context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees..."

Here, "bronze" modifies "bells" and describes what the bells are made of. This is clearly referring to the material composition of the bells.

Sense 1: "of the color of bronze" - This refers to the color, not material.
Sense 2: "made from or consisting of bronze" - This refers to the material composition.

The context is about large bells that are made of bronze (a common material for bells). So sense 2 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bronze
Target surface form: bronze
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge <t>bronze</t> bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color of bronze | synonyms=bronzy
2. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00 | definition=made from or consisting of bronze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 2}{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content: The target word is "bronze" in the context of "huge bronze bells." This clearly refers to the material the bells are made of, so sense 2 (made from or consisting of bronze) is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze <t>bells</t>, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes church bells used in change ringing. The "huge bronze bells" are mounted on wheels, swing 360 degrees, and are sounded by ringers pulling ropes. This is clearly the sense of a hollow metal device that makes a ringing sound when struck - sense 1 (bell%1:06:00::).

Let me check the other senses:
- Sense 2: doorbell - not relevant
- Sense 3: the sound of a bell - not relevant, this is the physical object
- Sense 4: nautical bells - not relevant
- Sense 5: bell shape - not relevant
- Senses 6, 7, 8: people named Bell - not relevant
- Sense 9: percussion instrument with tuned bells struck by hammer - this is for orchestral chimes, not church bells used in change ringing
- Sense 10: flared opening of tubular device - not relevant

Sense 1 is clearly the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mount
Target surface form: mounted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, <t>mounted</t> on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mount%2:35:00:: | definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
2. sense_key=mount%2:30:00:: | definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise | examples=Sales were climbing after prices were lowered
3. sense_key=mount%2:30:01:: | definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
4. sense_key=mount%2:36:00:: | definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign against pornography
5. sense_key=mount%2:38:01:: | definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride | examples=mount a horse
6. sense_key=mount%2:38:00:: | definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb, climb up, go up | examples=Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?
7. sense_key=mount%2:36:01:: | definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance | synonyms=put on | examples=mount a theater production; mount an attack
8. sense_key=mount%2:35:07:: | definition=copulate with | synonyms=ride | examples=The bull was riding the cow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence describes bells that are "mounted on wheels" in a belfry. The bells are attached to or placed on wheels so they can swing. This is about attaching/fixing the bells to a support (wheels).

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. mount%2:35:00:: - attach to a support
3. mount%2:30:01:: - fix onto a backing, setting, or support

Both 1 and 3 could work, but the example for sense 1 is "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (which seems truncated but suggests mounting on a platform/support). The example for sense 3 is "mount slides for macroscopic analysis" which is about putting things on a backing for viewing.

The bells being mounted on wheels is more about attaching them to a support mechanism. Sense 1 says "attach to a support" which fits well - the bells are attached to wheels (a support that allows them to swing). Sense 3 is more about fixing onto a backing for display/analysis purposes.

Sense 1 seems to be the best fit because the wheels are a support mechanism for the bells, allowing them to swing. The example "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (platform) is similar in nature to mounting bells on wheels.

Wait, let me re-examine the POS tagging. Sense 1 is sense_key=mount%2:35:00:: which is likely a verb in the "creation/construction" frame. Sense 3 is mount%2:30:01:: which is also a verb but in a different frame.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- mount%2:35:00:: - "attach to a support" - this is the most general sense of physically attaching something to a support
- mount%2:30:01:: - "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" - this is more about preparing specimens for analysis

The bells mounted on wheels - the wheels serve as a support that allows the bells to swing. This is sense 1 (attach to a support).

I'll go with sense 1.