[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about veterinary medicine - specifically about treating vomiting in dogs with a medicine called Cerenia. The word "treatment" appears in phrases like "the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting," "the treatment of a vomiting dog," "follow-up treatment," and "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure."

All of these uses clearly refer to medical care provided to relieve illness (vomiting in dogs). This matches sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" with synonyms including "intervention."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "only" modifies the condition - the treatment should ONLY be done together with other supportive measures. This means "exclusively" or "solely" - without any other involvement. This matches sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" (entirely, exclusively, solely, alone).

Sense 1 is "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just, but) - this could also fit, but let me think about the distinction. "Only be together with other supportive measures" means it should be exclusively done with other measures, not alone. This is more about exclusivity/solely.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Only" here means "solely" or "exclusively" - the treatment should not be done alone but only in conjunction with other measures. Sense 2 (exclusively, solely) fits better here than sense 1 (merely, simply, just).

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "other" appears in the phrase "other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy." This is referring to additional, different supportive measures or veterinary therapies beyond Cerenia. This matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." The context is about additional/different measures, which fits this sense perfectly.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about veterinary treatment of vomiting in dogs. The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "measure" refers to an action or step taken as part of treatment - a "supportive measure" is an action/move taken to support the treatment. This aligns with sense 1: "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" with synonym "step." The example "the situation called for strong measures" fits this usage well.

Sense 1 is the best match.

provider: Minimax


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "other" appears in the phrase "other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy." Here, "other" is used to mean additional/different supportive measures or veterinary therapies beyond what has already been mentioned. This matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about treating vomiting in dogs with Cerenia. The sentence says: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "addressing" means dealing with or treating the underlying causes. This matches sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms "cover, treat, handle, plow, deal" and examples like "This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization."

This is the best fit - "addressing" here means dealing with/treating the underlying causes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The context is about treating vomiting in dogs. The sentence says "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting."

Here, "underlying causes" refers to the fundamental/basic causes of the vomiting - the root causes that aren't immediately apparent. This is about the causes that are implicit or inherent in the condition, not merely physically located beneath something.

Sense 1: "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" - synonyms: implicit in, inherent - examples: "shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning"
Sense 3: "being or involving basic facts or principles" - synonyms: fundamental, rudimentary - examples: "the fundamental laws of the universe"

The phrase "underlying causes" typically refers to causes that are fundamental or basic - the root causes. However, sense 1 emphasizes something not readily apparent, which also fits "underlying causes" - the causes that aren't obvious on the surface.

Looking at the example for sense 1: "an underlying meaning" - meaning that is implicit, not readily apparent. The causes of vomiting in a specific dog might not be readily apparent (you might see vomiting but not immediately know why), so the underlying causes are the ones that are implicit/not readily apparent.

Looking at sense 3: "fundamental laws" - these are basic facts or principles. "Underlying causes" could also be seen as the fundamental causes.

In medical/clinical contexts, "underlying causes" typically refers to the root, fundamental causes. But the sense 1 definition of "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" seems to capture the idea that the causes are hidden/beneath the surface and need to be addressed.

Actually, thinking more carefully: "underlying causes" in medicine means the fundamental root causes (e.g., if a dog is vomiting due to kidney disease, the underlying cause is kidney disease). These are the basic/fundamental causes, which aligns with sense 3.

But sense 1 is about something being "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" - this is more about being implicit or inherent, not about being a basic principle.

I think sense 1 is actually the best fit here because "underlying causes" means causes that are not readily apparent from the symptoms - they're implicit in the condition. The example "an underlying meaning" is very similar to "underlying causes" - both refer to something that exists but isn't immediately visible.

Wait, let me reconsider. Sense 3 says "being or involving basic facts or principles" with synonym "fundamental." "Underlying causes" in a medical context typically means the root or fundamental cause. The fundamental cause of vomiting might be, say, a toxin ingestion or a disease.

Hmm, this is a close call. Let me think about the typical WSD for "underlying":
- "underlying cause" = fundamental cause = sense 3 (basic/fundamental)
- "underlying meaning" = implicit meaning = sense 1 (not readily apparent)

The example for sense 1 explicitly mentions "an underlying meaning" which parallels "underlying causes." The causes of vomiting that need to be addressed are not readily apparent - that's why they need to be investigated.

I'll go with sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose between senses 1, 2, and 3 for "underlying" in the context of "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Sense 1: "implicit in, inherent" - in the nature of something though not readily apparent. Example: "an underlying meaning"
Sense 2: "located beneath or below" - this is a literal spatial meaning
Sense 3: "fundamental, rudimentary" - being or involving basic facts or principles

In the context of "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting," the word means the fundamental or basic causes that are not immediately apparent - the root causes. This fits sense 1 best because the causes are not readily apparent and are implicit/inherent in the condition. Sense 3 is about basic facts or principles, not causes. Sense 2 is literal spatial position.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Underlying causes" - these are the fundamental root causes. Sense 1 says "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" with example "an underlying meaning" - this fits because the underlying causes of vomiting are not readily apparent; they need to be investigated.

Sense 3 is about "basic facts or principles" which is more about fundamental laws or principles.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because the underlying causes are the ones that are not readily apparent - you need to look for them. The context is about addressing causes that are not immediately visible, which aligns with "implicit in, inherent" or "in the nature of something though not readily apparent."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

content: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

reasoning_content:
The target word "causes" appears in the phrase "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting." Here, "causes" refers to factors or entities that produce the effect of vomiting - i.e., what is responsible for the vomiting. This matches sense 4: "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results" (synonyms: causal agent, causal agency).

Let me verify against other senses:
- Sense 1: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" - similar but more about generative force/origin
- Sense 2: justification/reason - doesn't fit
- Sense 3: campaign/cause as in a movement - doesn't fit
- Sense 4: any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events - fits well, "underlying causes of vomiting" = the entities/factors responsible for vomiting
- Sense 5: lawsuit - doesn't fit

Between sense 1 and sense 4: "causes of the vomiting" - these are things that produce the vomiting, i.e., causal agents. Sense 4 fits best. Sense 1 is about generative force/origin, which is slightly different - more about the origin of something rather than the entities producing effects.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 says "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" with example "determine the cause of the crash." This is very close to what we have here - determining the cause of vomiting.

Sense 4 says "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results" with synonyms "causal agent, causal agency."

In the context "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting," the causes are the underlying conditions/entities that produce vomiting. This is more about the entities/factors responsible. Sense 4 seems most appropriate.

But actually, "the cause of the crash" in sense 1's example is very similar to "the cause of vomiting." Hmm.

Let me think about this more carefully. The sentence says "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting" - the causes are what generates/produces the vomiting. In medical contexts, "underlying causes" typically refers to the root factors or conditions that produce symptoms. These are "causal agents" or entities responsible for events.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The context is about veterinary medicine - "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting." Here, "causes" refers to what produces/brings about the vomiting - the causal agent or origin.

Sense 1: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" - this fits "underlying causes of vomiting"
Sense 4: "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results" - this also fits

The question is whether "causes" here refers to the events/circumstances that lead to vomiting (sense 1) or the entities responsible (sense 4).

"Addressing the underlying causes" - this suggests we're treating the origin/source conditions that lead to vomiting. The underlying causes would be the medical conditions or events that generate the vomiting.

Sense 1 with "generative force that is the origin" fits well for "underlying causes" - things like infections, diseases, dietary issues that originate the vomiting.

Sense 4 is more about a specific causal agent - a person or thing directly responsible.

I think sense 1 is the better fit here because "underlying causes" refers to the origin/generative factors rather than a specific causal agent.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the <t>risk</t> associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The question asks "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" and the answer discusses tolerability and side effects at high doses. This refers to the possibility of adverse effects or danger from using the medication - meaning "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune." This is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generally
Target surface form: generally
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was <t>generally</t> well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "generally" in the context "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."

This means that in most cases, Cerenia was well tolerated. This is expressing a general tendency or usual pattern.

Sense 1: "usually; as a rule" - synonyms: by and large, more often than not, mostly
Sense 2: "without distinction of one from others" - synonyms: in general, in the main
Sense 3: "without regard to specific details or exceptions" - synonyms: broadly, loosely, broadly speaking

The context is about how well the medicine was tolerated - this is a statement about what usually happened, as a general rule. This matches Sense 1: "usually; as a rule."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "well" in the phrase "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."

Here, "well tolerated" means that the medicine was tolerated in a good/satisfactory manner. This is the sense of "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard."

Looking at the candidates:
1. "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard" - This fits "well tolerated" perfectly. "Well tolerated" means tolerated in a satisfactory/good manner.
2. "thoroughly or completely; fully" - doesn't fit
3. "indicating high probability" - doesn't fit
4. "(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully" - doesn't fit
5. "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree" - this is close, but "well tolerated" specifically means in a satisfactory manner, not just "to a suitable extent"
6. "favorably; with approval" - doesn't quite fit
7. "to a great extent or degree" - doesn't fit
8. "with great or especially intimate knowledge" - doesn't fit
9. "with prudence or propriety" - doesn't fit
10. "with skill or in a pleasing manner" - doesn't fit
11. "in a manner affording benefit or advantage" - doesn't fit
12. "in financial comfort" - doesn't fit
13. "without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor" - this is more about emotional response

The best fit is sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard." "Well tolerated" means tolerated satisfactorily, in a good manner.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tolerate
Target surface form: tolerated
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tolerate%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
2. sense_key=tolerate%2:41:01:: | definition=recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others) | examples=We must tolerate the religions of others
3. sense_key=tolerate%2:39:00:: | definition=have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition | examples=The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him
4. sense_key=tolerate%2:32:01:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=allow, permit | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a medicine (Cerenia) being "well tolerated" by dogs when administered at high doses. This is clearly about the medical/biological sense of tolerance - having a tolerance for a drug. Sense 3 is specifically about "have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition" with the example "The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him." This is exactly the right sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administered
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "administered" in the context of giving medicine to dogs. The sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time."

This is clearly about giving/applying medications. Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: work in an administrative capacity; supervise - not relevant
2. sense 2: perform a church sacrament - not relevant
3. sense 3: administer or bestow, as in small portions - this is about distributing in small portions
4. sense 4: give or apply (medications) - this matches perfectly
5. sense 5: direct the taking of (e.g., administer an exam) - not relevant

The context is about medication being given to dogs. The example "administer the tablets to the dog" also appears in the passage. Sense 4 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administered
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 5. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 4}{"sense_index": 4}

reasoning_content: The user wants me to choose the best sense for "administered" in the context of "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses." This is about giving/applying medications to dogs, which matches sense 4: "give or apply (medications)" with synonyms "dispense."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: daily
Target surface form: daily
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content: The context says "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses." This means "every day" - the drug was given every day. This matches sense 1: "every day; without missing a day." Sense 2 ("gradually and progressively") doesn't fit this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: daily
Target surface form: daily
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content: The target word "daily" in the context means "every day" - Cerenia was administered every day at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses. This matches sense 1: "every day; without missing a day."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dosage
Target surface form: dosages
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at <t>dosages</t> up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dose
2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses - this is about the quantity/amount of medicine administered. Sense 1 refers to "the quantity of an active agent taken in or absorbed at any one time" which fits the context of dosage amounts. Sense 2 refers to "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" which is more about a single portion/amount at one time.

In this context, "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" is about the quantity/amount of the medicine. Sense 1 seems to be more about the quantity/dose itself, while sense 2 is about a measured portion taken at one time. Both are similar, but sense 1 with "quantity of an active agent" better captures the idea of dosage as an amount that can be multiplied (5 times the recommended doses).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: doses
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended <t>doses</t> for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about veterinary medicine (Cerenia for dogs). The sentence mentions "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" - this is clearly about measured portions of medicine.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" - synonyms: dosage
2. "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" - synonyms: dosage
3. venereal disease - not relevant
4. LSD - not relevant

Both 1 and 2 are relevant. Sense 1 is specifically about "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" which fits the context of recommended doses for a medication. Sense 2 is more general about "quantity of an active agent... taken in or absorbed at any one time."

In the context, "recommended doses" refers to the prescribed amount of medicine to be given. Sense 1 seems most appropriate as it directly refers to a measured portion of medicine.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extended
Target surface form: extended
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an <t>extended</t> period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extended%5:00:00:long:02 | definition=relatively long in duration; tediously protracted | synonyms=drawn-out, lengthy, prolonged, protracted | examples=a drawn-out argument; an extended discussion
2. sense_key=extended%3:00:00:: | definition=fully extended or stretched forth | examples=an extended telescope; his extended legs reached almost across the small room
3. sense_key=extended%5:00:00:long:01 | definition=drawn out or made longer spatially | synonyms=elongated, lengthened, prolonged | examples=Picasso's elongated Don Quixote; lengthened skirts are fashionable this year
4. sense_key=extended%5:00:00:figurative:00 | definition=beyond the literal or primary sense | examples=`hot off the press' shows an extended sense of `hot'
5. sense_key=extended%5:00:00:large:00 | definition=large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity | synonyms=extensive | examples=an extensive Roman settlement in northwest England; extended farm lands

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "extended" in the context of "an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment)" refers to a duration that is relatively long. This matches sense 1, which defines "extended" as "relatively long in duration; tediously protracted" with synonyms like drawn-out, lengthy, prolonged, protracted.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duration
Target surface form: duration
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum <t>duration</t> of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duration%1:28:02:: | definition=the period of time during which something continues | synonyms=continuance
2. sense_key=duration%1:28:00:: | definition=the property of enduring or continuing in time | synonyms=continuance
3. sense_key=duration%1:07:00:: | definition=continuance in time | synonyms=length | examples=the ceremony was of short duration; he complained about the length of time required

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "duration" appears in the context: "up to 3 times the recommended maximum <t>duration</t> of treatment"

This is referring to the period of time of treatment - how long the treatment lasts. This is sense 1: "the period of time during which something continues" (continuance).

Sense 2 is about the property of enduring in time - more abstract.
Sense 3 is about continuance in time with examples like "the ceremony was of short duration" or "he complained about the length of time required" - this could also fit, as it's about the length of time.

Let me look more carefully. The context is about "the recommended maximum duration of treatment" - this is referring to a period of time, specifically how long treatment should last.

Sense 1: "the period of time during which something continues" - this fits well. It refers to a specific period.
Sense 3: "continuance in time" with examples "the ceremony was of short duration" and "he complained about the length of time required" - this also refers to length/period of time.

The difference between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 focuses on "the period of time during which something continues" - a specific duration
- Sense 3 is about "continuance in time" and has examples that use "duration" as a quality/measure of time

The context is "the recommended maximum duration of treatment" - this is asking about how long the treatment period is, the length of time. This seems to match sense 3 better with its example "he complained about the length of time required" and "the ceremony was of short duration."

Actually, looking again at sense 1: "the period of time during which something continues" - this also fits well. "The duration of treatment" is the period of time during which the treatment continues.

Let me compare more carefully:
- Sense 1: emphasizes "the period of time during which something continues" - this is about a specific period
- Sense 3: emphasizes "continuance in time" with example "the ceremony was of short duration" - this is about how long something lasts as a measurable quantity

In the context "the recommended maximum duration of treatment," we're talking about how long the treatment should last - the period of time. Both senses could apply, but sense 1 seems to match better as it's specifically about "the period of time during which something continues" which is exactly what the duration of treatment is.

Actually, I think sense 3 is also strong because of the example "he complained about the length of time required" - this is very similar to "the maximum duration of treatment."

Let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- Sense 1 (28:02) is a different semantic class than sense 3 (07:00)
- Sense 1 is likely "time_period" category
- Sense 3 is "attribute" category

The phrase "duration of treatment" refers to the time period during which treatment is administered. This is a specific period, not just the abstract quality of lasting.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of <t>treatment</t>). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The context is about veterinary medicine - specifically about treating vomiting in dogs with a medicine called Cerenia. The word "treatment" appears multiple times in contexts like:
- "in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting"
- "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection"
- "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets"
- "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure"
- "5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment)"

This is clearly about medical care/procedures to relieve illness - sense 1. The definition "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" fits perfectly.

Sense 2 is about management/handling (like prisoners or water).
Sense 3 is about artistic treatment.
Sense 4 is about discussion/communication.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of <t>treatment</t>). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 4. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 1}{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: precaution
Target surface form: precautions
Context:
The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the <t>precautions</t> for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal? Cerenia does not represent a particular risk for people.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=precaution%1:04:00:: | definition=a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc. | synonyms=safeguard, guard | examples=he put an ice pack on the injury as a precaution; an insurance policy is a good safeguard
2. sense_key=precaution%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of practicing caution in advance
3. sense_key=precaution%1:09:00:: | definition=judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger | synonyms=caution, care, forethought | examples=he exercised caution in opening the door; he handled the vase with care

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about "precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal." This is asking about what safety measures or protective actions a person should take. This aligns with sense 1: "a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc." - which refers to specific precautions (measures/safeguards).

Sense 2 is about the trait of practicing caution in advance (abstract quality).
Sense 3 is about judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger (cautiousness as a trait).

The context asks about specific things one should do/be aware of when giving medicine - these are concrete measures, not abstract traits. So sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: person
Target surface form: person
Context:
The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the <t>person</t> who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal? Cerenia does not represent a particular risk for people.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=person%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=person%1:08:00:: | definition=a human body (usually including the clothing) | examples=a weapon was hidden on his person
3. sense_key=person%1:10:00:: | definition=a grammatical category used in the classification of pronouns, possessive determiners, and verb forms according to whether they indicate the speaker, the addressee, or a third party | examples=stop talking about yourself in the third person

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "person" in the context: "What are the precautions for the <t>person</t> who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?"

Here, "person" refers to a human being - someone who handles the medicine or contacts the animal. This is clearly sense 1: "a human being" with synonyms like individual, someone, somebody, mortal, soul.

Sense 2 refers to a human body (often in the sense of physical presence, like "on his person"), and sense 3 is a grammatical category. Neither fits.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: gives
Context:
The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who <t>gives</t> the medicine or comes into contact with the animal? Cerenia does not represent a particular risk for people.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a person who "gives" the medicine to an animal. This is about administering medicine. Looking at the candidate senses, sense 19 is specifically "give (as medicine)" with the example "I gave him the drug." This fits perfectly with the context of someone giving/administering medicine (Cerenia) to a dog.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the <t>medicine</t> or comes into contact with the animal? Cerenia does not represent a particular risk for people.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a veterinary drug (Cerenia) and precautions for the person who gives the "medicine" to the animal. Here, "medicine" refers to a substance/drug used to treat the animal. This matches sense 2: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" with synonyms medication, medicament, medicinal drug.