[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "female" is used in the phrase "one of England's best female ringers." This describes a person who rings bells - Stephanie Pattenden is a woman. The context is about her being a ringer, and "female" here is used as an adjective modifying "ringers" to indicate that these are women who ring bells.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries

2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage

3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

The word "female" here is used as an adjective modifying "ringers" to specify that the ringers are women. This is similar to "the female lead in the play" or "a female chorus" - it's used to describe a group of people as being women.

Sense 1 is about the biological sex definition - this is the noun/adjective sense relating to biological femaleness.
Sense 2 is about characteristics peculiar to women (feminine qualities).
Sense 3 is about being composed of or pertaining to women/girls - this is the adjectival sense describing something as consisting of women.

The phrase "England's best female ringers" means the best women who ring bells. This is sense 3 - it's describing the ringers as being women. It's similar to "a female chorus" - describing a group as being women.

Wait, let me reconsider. "Female ringers" - is this more about the sex of the individuals (sense 1) or about the group being composed of women (sense 3)?

Actually, sense 1 is the adjective form of the noun "female" (the sex). Sense 3 is specifically about being "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls."

The example for sense 3 is "the female lead in the play; a female chorus" - these describe roles or groups as being women. "Female ringers" is similar - it's describing the ringers as being women.

Sense 1 with "a female heir" is about the biological sex of an individual.

Hmm, both could work. But "female ringers" is describing a group of people (ringers) as being women. This aligns better with sense 3's definition "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls."

Actually, let me think again. "One of England's best female ringers" - Stephanie is a ringer, and "female" describes her. It's an individual, not a group. But the sense distinction is between the biological sex meaning (sense 1) and the "composed of women" meaning (sense 3).

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "being the sex that produces fertilizable gametes" - this is the biological/adjective sense
- Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls" - this is the social/categorical sense

In modern usage, "female ringers" typically refers to women ringers. The distinction between sense 1 and sense 3 in WordNet is subtle, but sense 3 seems to be the more specific adjectival use describing something as being women.

The example "a female chorus" is very similar to "female ringers" - both describe a group of people as being women.

I'll go with sense 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: The context is about church bell ringing. "Ringers" refers to people who ring church bells. This matches sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Minimax

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "passion" in context refers to bell-ringing as a deeply pursued activity/obsession. Looking at the context: "a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection'" and "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" and "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower."

The second use explicitly equates passion with obsession. The synonyms for sense 4 include "mania" and "cacoethes," and the definition is "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action." This fits well because the context describes bell-ringing as an obsession/mania.

Sense 3 ("something that is desired intensely" with synonyms like "rage" and example "his rage for fame destroyed him") could also fit - this is about an intense desire for something. The example "he has a passion for cock fighting" is similar to having a passion for bell-ringing.

Let me look more carefully. Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - this is about the object of desire. Sense 4: "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" - this is about a driving force/obsession.

The context says "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - directly linking passion to obsession. Sense 4 has "mania" as a synonym, which is close to obsession. Sense 3 has "rage" as a synonym.

Looking at sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" with example "he has a passion for cock fighting" - this could also fit, as it's about an object of devotion.

Hmm, between senses 3, 4, and 6. The context clearly treats passion as something you have for an activity (bell-ringing).

Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - this would treat passion as the thing desired. But here, bell-ringing is the thing desired, and passion is more like the intense feeling/state.

Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - this treats passion as the object itself. Example: "he has a passion for cock fighting" - here, cock fighting is the passion, and he's devoted to it.

Sense 4: "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" - this is more abstract, like a mania.

The context says "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness" - the passion is what drives/characterizes the person. Then "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - linking passion to obsession/mania.

Actually, rereading: "a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness'" - here passion is personified as something that finds satisfaction, like a driving force. This aligns with sense 4 (mania) or sense 3 (intense desire).

The synonym "rage" in sense 3 with example "his rage for fame destroyed him" - this is about an intense desire/pursuit of something.

I think sense 3 is the best fit. "Something that is desired intensely" - the activity of bell-ringing is what is desired intensely, and this is called a passion.

Wait, let me reconsider. Sense 3 says "something that is desired intensely" - this is the object. But in the sentence, passion is being used as the thing that has desires ("a passion that finds its satisfaction...").

Sense 4 "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" - this fits better as passion is the driving motive. "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - obsession is a synonym for mania, which is a synonym for sense 4.

Actually, "obsession" is not in the synonym list for sense 4 (which has "mania, cacoethes"), but "mania" is very close to obsession.

Looking at this more carefully:
- Sense 3: rage (intense desire for something) - "his rage for fame" - the thing desired
- Sense 4: mania/cacoethes (irrational irresistible motive) - the driving force

The context uses passion in a way that suggests a strong, almost irrational pursuit. "A bit of an obsession" is explicitly used. I think sense 4 fits best.

But wait - "passion that finds its satisfaction" - the passion is what's being satisfied, suggesting it's the desire itself. Sense 3 is "something that is desired intensely" - so the passion IS the intense desire for something. This means sense 3 could work if we read it as "the intense desire for ringing."

Hmm, let me look at the example for sense 6: "he has a passion for cock fighting" - he has a passion (intense feeling) for cock fighting. This usage matches "it is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - meaning bell-ringing is a passion.

Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - so the passion is the object. But the example "he has a passion for cock fighting" suggests the passion is a feeling/relationship, not the object itself. This is confusing.

Actually, looking at sense 6 again: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting" - here, the passion is what he has FOR cock fighting. So the passion itself is the feeling/devotion, and cock fighting is its object.

In our context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - here, passion refers to bell-ringing as a passion. The passion stays in the tower (where the bells are). So this matches sense 6 - the passion is the devotion/affection for bell-ringing.

But then: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - this equates the passion with an obsession.

I think the best fit is sense 4, because:
1. The context explicitly mentions "obsession"
2. Sense 4's synonyms (mania, cacoethes) match the meaning of obsession
3. The irrational pursuit aspect fits bell-ringing becoming a "passion"

Actually, let me reconsider once more. The example for sense 3 is "his rage for fame destroyed him" - this is about an intense desire/passion for fame. Similarly, "his passion for bell-ringing" would be an intense desire for bell-ringing.

The example for sense 4 (mania) doesn't have examples, but the definition "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" fits well.

Given the context emphasizing "obsession" and the irrational nature of bell-ringing passion, I'll go with sense 4.

Wait, but "obsession" is typically associated with sense 4 (mania/cacoethes). Let me go with sense 4.

Actually, I want to reconsider sense 3 one more time. "Something that is desired intensely" with synonym "rage" and example "his rage for fame destroyed him." This treats passion as a strong desire/urge for something. In context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness" - the passion is what wants satisfaction, which aligns with passion being an intense desire.

The "obsession" in the second mention is paraphrasing the passion. I think both sense 3 and sense 4 could work, but the explicit mention of "obsession" (synonymous with mania) pushes me toward sense 4.

Hmm, let me look at the candidate senses more carefully:

Sense 3: passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage
Sense 4: passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes

Sense 3 focuses on the object of desire (something desired intensely).
Sense 4 focuses on the motive/driving force (irrational but irresistible).

In the context, "a passion that finds its satisfaction" - the passion is what's seeking satisfaction, like a desire/motive. This aligns more with sense 4 (a motive) than sense 3 (an object).

But "his rage for fame" in sense 3 - here, "rage" is the desire, and fame is what's desired. So sense 3 is the desire itself, not the object.

OK, I think:
- Sense 3: passion = intense desire (for something)
- Sense 4: passion = irrational motive/drive

In our context, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - the passion is associated with bell-ringing in the tower. The passion is what drives the person.

I'll go with sense 4 because of the explicit "obsession" reference and the irrational/compulsive nature described.

Actually, on reflection, I think sense 3 is better. Let me think again.

"His rage for fame destroyed him" - "rage for fame" = intense desire for fame. So "rage" is the desire, and "fame" is what's desired. Sense 3 = "something that is desired intensely" - this is describing the thing that is desired. But "his rage for fame" treats rage as a desire, not as the thing desired.

This is confusing. Let me look at the gloss more carefully: "something that is desired intensely" with synonym "rage" and example "his rage for fame destroyed him." So the gloss is describing "rage/passion" as something that is desired intensely. But the example treats "rage" as the desire itself.

I think the gloss is a bit ambiguous. The key insight is that "rage" can mean both an intense desire (for something) and the object of intense desire.

Given the context, the passion is the strong desire/love for bell-ringing. This is most naturally sense 3 (an intense desire) or sense 4 (an obsession/mania).

The "obsession" mention is the key. Sense 4 is "mania" which is essentially obsession. I'll go with sense 4.

Final answer: sense 4.

Hmm, but let me reconsider one more time. The article says:
- Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness"
- "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - this is the journalist's paraphrase
- "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower"

The use of "passion" in all three cases is consistent - it's a strong, consuming interest in bell-ringing. This is most naturally sense 3 (an intense desire for something) or sense 4 (an obsession/mania).

Looking at typical usage, "passion" in this sense (a strong interest/hobby pursued intensely) is often glossed as "mania" or "obsession" in WordNet. Sense 4 fits this.

But sense 6 also has "he has a passion for cock fighting" as an example, which is very similar to "he has a passion for bell-ringing."

Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - so the passion is the object of affection. Example: "he has a passion for cock fighting" - cock fighting is the object of his affection, and his passion is that affection/devotion.

But wait, "the theater was her first love" - theater is the object of love. And "he has a passion for cock fighting" - cock fighting is the object of passion.

So sense 6 treats passion as the object of devotion. But "a passion that finds its satisfaction" treats passion as a subject/agent that finds satisfaction, not an object.

This is getting complicated. Let me just go with the most natural reading.

"It is a passion" - the bell-ringing is a passion. The bell-ringing is what they're passionate about. This is sense 6 (object of devotion) or sense 3 (intense desire for something).

"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - the ringing is an obsession. Obsession ≈ mania, which is sense 4.

"A passion that finds its satisfaction" - the passion finds satisfaction. The passion is what's being satisfied, suggesting it's a desire or motive.

OK, I'll commit to sense 4. The obsession/mania aspect is the most distinctive feature of this use of "passion" in the context.

Actually, you know what, let me reconsider sense 3 once more. "His rage for fame destroyed him" - this is the classic example of sense 3. The "rage for fame" is an intense, consuming desire. Similarly, "passion for bell-ringing" is an intense, consuming desire.

Sense 3 gloss: "something that is desired intensely" - this is describing the rage/passion itself as something desired? Or as the desire? The example "his rage for fame destroyed him" suggests it's the desire, not the desired thing.

OK, I think sense 3 = the intense desire itself, and sense 6 = the object of intense desire. In "his rage for fame," the rage is the desire and fame is the object. In "he has a passion for cock fighting," the passion is the desire/affection and cock fighting is the object.

So in our context: "It is a passion" - the passion is the desire/affection. Sense 3 or sense 6 could apply.

Sense 3 is more about intense desire (like rage), while sense 6 is more about warm affection/devotion (like love).

The context uses "obsession" to describe the passion, which is more aligned with sense 3 (intense desire) or sense 4 (mania).

I'm going to go with sense 4 because the obsession/mania aspect is most distinctive.

Final answer: sense 4.

Wait, I want to look at this from a different angle. In WordNet, "passion" can mean:
1. A strong feeling or emotion (general)
2. The trait of being intensely emotional
3. Something desired intensely (a strong desire)
4. An irrational irresistible motive (mania)
5. Sexual desire
6. Object of warm affection (something you love)
7. The Passion of Christ

For a hobby/activity pursued intensely:
- Sense 3 fits: "a passion for bell-ringing" = intense desire for bell-ringing
- Sense 4 fits: "bell-ringing is his passion" = his mania
- Sense 6 fits: "bell-ringing is his passion" = his love

The context's use of "obsession" points to sense 4 most clearly.

OK, final answer: sense 4.

Hmm, but actually, "obsession" might be the journalist's word choice, not a direct synonym. The original quote from Sayers uses "passion." Let me reread the context:

"In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'" - Here, passion is a desire/urge that finds satisfaction.

"'Ringing does become a bit of an obsession,' admits Stephanie Pattenden" - Here, obsession is a paraphrase of passion.

"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." - The passion stays in the tower (with the bell-ringing).

The passion is described as something that "finds its satisfaction" - this is more like a desire/urge (sense 3) than a motive (sense 4). A motive doesn't "find satisfaction"; a desire does.

OK, let me go with sense 3.

Actually, both "desire" and "motive" can "find satisfaction" in a sense. But the more natural reading is that a desire finds satisfaction.

Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - the passion is the thing desired? Or the desire itself?
Example: "his rage for fame destroyed him" - rage for fame = the rage (desire) for fame (object).

I think sense 3 is about the desire itself (the rage), and the object of desire is separate. So "passion" in sense 3 is the intense desire/urge.

In our context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction" - the passion is the desire, and it finds satisfaction in bell-ringing. This fits sense 3.

OK, final answer: sense 3.

Hmm, I keep going back and forth. Let me make a decision and stick with it.

The key features of the context:
1. Passion is described as something that "finds its satisfaction" - a desire/urge
2. Passion is equated with "obsession" - intense, possibly irrational pursuit
3. Passion is the consuming interest in bell-ringing

Sense 3 (intense desire) and sense 4 (mania/obsession) both fit.

I'll go with sense 4 because the irrational, compulsive nature is most distinctive, and "obsession" is essentially a synonym for "mania."

Final answer: sense 4.

OK I need to commit. Let me go with sense 4.

Hmm, actually one more consideration. The synonym for sense 4 is "mania, cacoethes." The synonym for sense 3 is "rage." The example for sense 3 is "his rage for fame destroyed him" - this is a very strong, potentially destructive passion. The example shows that this is an intense, all-consuming desire.

In our context, the passion for bell-ringing is described as an "obsession" - similarly intense and consuming. This is more like mania than rage.

But "rage" can also be used for intense pursuits, like "a rage for collecting stamps."

OK, I'll go with sense 4. Final answer: sense 4.

Wait, I realize I should think about this more carefully. The sense 3 example "his rage for fame destroyed him" is about an intense desire for fame. Similarly, "his passion for bell-ringing" would be an intense desire for bell-ringing. This is sense 3.

The "obsession" paraphrase in the context doesn't necessarily mean sense 4. It's just a journalist's word choice. The actual use of "passion" by Sayers is "a passion that finds its satisfaction" - this is a desire that finds satisfaction, which aligns with sense 3.

OK, switching to sense 3. Final answer: sense 3.

Argh, I keep flip-flopping. Let me just commit.

The key question: is "passion for bell-ringing" more like "rage for fame" (sense 3, intense desire) or "mania" (sense 4, irrational motive)?

I think it's more like "rage for fame" - a strong, consuming desire for an activity. Bell-ringing isn't irrational per se; it's just very absorbing.

Sense 3 it is. Final answer: sense 3.

Actually, looking at sense 4's definition again: "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action." This is more about a belief or ideology, not a hobby. The example would be like a "mania for conspiracy theories" or "cacoethes for gambling." A passion for bell-ringing doesn't quite fit this.

Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - this is more general and fits a passion for any activity.

Sense 3 it is. Final answer: sense 3.

OK committing to sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

The context is about bell-ringing being a passion/obsession. The sentence says this passion "usually stays in the tower" - meaning it remains confined to the tower, it doesn't go beyond the tower.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. stay the same; remain in a certain state - "remain, rest"
2. stay put (in a certain place) - "stick, stick around, stay put"
3. dwell - "bide, abide"
4. continue in a place, position, or situation - "stay on, continue, remain"
5. remain behind
6. stop or halt
7. stay behind - "persist, remain" - "The smell stayed in the room"
8. hang on during a trial of endurance
9. stop a judicial process
10. fasten with stays
11. overcome or allay

The phrase "stays in the tower" means the passion remains in the tower, doesn't leave it. This is about remaining in a place.

Sense 2: "stay put (in a certain place)" - this fits well. The passion stays put in the tower.
Sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation" - this also fits.
Sense 7: "stay behind" with example "The smell stayed in the room" - this is very similar to our context.

Let me think more carefully. "Stays in the tower" - the passion remains confined to the tower.

Sense 2 is about staying put in a certain place - not moving from a place.
Sense 4 is about continuing in a place, position, or situation.
Sense 7 is about staying behind, with the example "The smell stayed in the room" which is very analogous to "the passion stays in the tower."

The example for sense 7 "The smell stayed in the room" is structurally very similar to "the passion stays in the tower" - both are about something remaining in a location.

However, sense 2 "stay put" also captures the idea of not leaving a place.

Let me reconsider. "Stay put" implies a deliberate decision to not move. "Stay behind" implies remaining after others have left. "Continue in a place" is more general.

In this context, the passion "stays in the tower" - it's saying the passion doesn't leave the tower, it remains there. This is most like sense 7 "stay behind" with the example "The smell stayed in the room."

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 2: stay put (in a certain place) - synonyms: stick, stick around, stay put
- Sense 7: stay behind - synonyms: persist, remain - example: "The smell stayed in the room"

The example "The smell stayed in the room" is very close to "the passion stays in the tower." Both describe something remaining in a location.

But sense 2 "stay put" also fits well - the passion stays put in the tower.

Hmm, let me think about the nuance. "Stay put" often implies someone/something is supposed to be in a place and doesn't move. "Stay behind" often implies remaining after others leave.

In this context, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - the passion doesn't leave the tower. It's about the passion remaining in its location.

I think sense 7 is the best match because:
1. The example "The smell stayed in the room" is structurally identical to "the passion stays in the tower"
2. The synonym "remain" fits well
3. The idea is about something persisting in a location

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider sense 2 vs sense 7.

Sense 2: "stay put (in a certain place)" - this is about not moving from a place
Sense 7: "stay behind" - this is about remaining (often after others have left)

The context doesn't really imply that others have left. It's just saying the passion remains in the tower.

Sense 2 might be better because it's specifically about staying in a certain place.

But the example for sense 7 "The smell stayed in the room" is so similar...

Let me look at sense 4 again: "continue in a place, position, or situation" - synonyms: stay on, continue, remain. Example: "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please"

This is about continuing to be in a place.

I think the best fit is sense 7 because:
- The example "The smell stayed in the room" is the closest parallel to "the passion stays in the tower"
- Both describe something (a quality/state) remaining in a location
- The synonym "remain" fits perfectly

Actually, I'm going to go with sense 7. The structural similarity between "The smell stayed in the room" and "the passion stays in the tower" is very strong.

Wait, let me reconsider once more. Sense 2 "stay put" with synonyms "stick, stick around, stay put" - this is more about a person/agent choosing to stay in a place. The passion is not an agent making a choice.

Sense 7 "stay behind" with synonyms "persist, remain" - this is about something persisting/remaining in a location. The passion persisting in the tower fits this well.

I'll go with sense 7.

Hmm, but actually "stay behind" typically implies remaining after others have departed. The passion doesn't really "stay behind" - it just stays in the tower.

Let me look at sense 4 again: "continue in a place, position, or situation" - this is about continuing to be somewhere. The passion continues to be in the tower.

Actually, I think sense 4 might be the best fit. "Continue in a place" - the passion continues in the tower.

But the example "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge" is about a person continuing in a place, which is similar but not identical.

Let me make a decision. The key question is: what does "stays in the tower" mean?

It means the passion remains in the tower, doesn't leave it.

Sense 2: stay put - not moving from a place
Sense 4: continue in a place
Sense 7: stay behind - persist, remain

I think sense 7 is the best match because:
1. The example "The smell stayed in the room" is the closest parallel
2. "Persist, remain" captures the meaning well
3. The structural similarity is strong

Final answer: sense 7.

Wait, I want to double-check by looking at the definitions more carefully.

Sense 2: "stay put (in a certain place)" - this is specifically about staying in a place, not moving
Sense 7: "stay behind" - this is about remaining, persisting

The passion "stays in the tower" - it's about the passion not leaving the tower. This is more about remaining in a place than staying behind (which implies others have left).

Hmm, but the example for sense 7 "The smell stayed in the room" doesn't really imply others have left either. It's just about the smell remaining in the room.

OK, I'll go with sense 7. The example is the closest match.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time.

"It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

The contrast is between the passion staying in the tower vs. ringers thinking of the church as something separate (stuck on the bottom). So the passion is contained within the tower.

This is about the passion remaining in a location. Sense 7 with "The smell stayed in the room" is the best parallel.

Final answer: sense 7.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about church bells, bell ringing, and a belfry. The word "tower" in "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" refers to the church tower where the belfry and bells are located. This is a structure taller than its diameter, which matches sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "however" appears in the context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Here, "however" is used to introduce a contrast. The previous sentence says that ringing is "a passion" and "a bit of an obsession." Then "however" signals that what follows contrasts with the intensity of that passion - the passion usually stays in the tower (i.e., doesn't extend beyond it). This is a contrastive/concessive use, meaning "on the other hand" or "but."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: - "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" - synonyms: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: - "by contrast; on the other hand" - example: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: - "to whatever degree or extent" - example: "The results, however general, are important"
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: - "in whatever way or manner" - example: "Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet"

The context is using "however" as a sentence-level connector introducing a contrast. The first sentence establishes the passion, and the second sentence (introduced by "however") says the passion usually stays in the tower - this is a contrast.

Sense 2 ("by contrast; on the other hand") seems most appropriate here, as the sentence after "however" contrasts with the previous statement. The "however" is at the end of a sentence (after a comma) functioning as a conjunctive adverb.

Sense 1 also has concessive meaning ("despite anything to the contrary"), and could work. But the example given for sense 1 shows it more in the middle of a sentence or following a concession explicitly. The "however" here at the end of the sentence with the meaning of "on the other hand" or "but" introducing a contrasting fact seems more like sense 2.

Actually, let me reconsider. The sentence "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" uses "however" in a position where it could be either sense 1 or sense 2. The meaning is essentially "but" or "on the other hand."

Looking more carefully at the difference: Sense 1 emphasizes concession (despite contrary evidence), while sense 2 emphasizes contrast between two points. Here, the "however" introduces a limitation or contrast to the obsession - it's saying the passion exists but stays contained. This is more of a contrastive use.

I think sense 2 is the best fit here, as it's introducing a contrasting point in the discourse.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "More" in the phrase "More often than not." This is a fixed expression meaning "usually" or "most of the time." Let me look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

The phrase "more often than not" is a comparative adverb phrase. It's comparing the frequency of the action. "More" here is modifying the adverb "often" to create a comparative.

Sense 1 is about forming comparatives of adjectives and adverbs - this fits because "more" is forming the comparative of the adverb "often."

Sense 2 is about the comparative of "much" meaning "to a greater degree or extent" - this is more about quantity.

In "more often than not," the word "more" is functioning as a comparative marker for the adverb "often," making it a comparative adverb form. This seems to fit sense 1 better, as sense 1 explicitly mentions "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs."

However, sense 2 also could apply since "more" here is functioning as a comparative of "much" in terms of degree/extent. But the example for sense 2 ("he works more now; they eat more than they should") shows "more" used independently as a quantifier, not as a modifier of another word.

In "more often than not," "more" is directly modifying "often" (an adverb), which aligns with sense 1's definition of being used to form the comparative of adverbs.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

content: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
The target word "often" appears in the phrase "More often than not" and later "ringers often skip off to the local pub."

Let me analyze the context:

1. "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." - This is a fixed idiom "more often than not" meaning "usually" or "in most cases/instances."

2. "ringers often skip off to the local pub" - This means frequently, on many occasions.

Both uses point to the meaning of "frequently" or "in many instances."

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense 1: "many times at short intervals" - synonyms: frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes
2. sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" - synonyms: much, a great deal - this seems more about quantity/degree
3. sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - this is about frequency in terms of cases/instances

The phrase "more often than not" specifically means "in most cases" which aligns with sense 3: "in many cases or instances."

However, the second use "ringers often skip off to the local pub" is more about frequency in terms of how many times something happens, which could align with sense 1.

But the first occurrence is the one being targeted (it's in the context with the tags). "More often than not" is an idiom that specifically means "in most cases" - it's about how frequently in a general/probabilistic sense, referring to cases or instances.

Actually, let me reconsider. "More often than not" is an idiomatic expression meaning "usually" - this is about the frequency of occurrence in a general sense. The question is whether this aligns better with sense 1 (many times at short intervals) or sense 3 (in many cases or instances).

Sense 1 emphasizes "many times at short intervals" - this is more about temporal frequency (how often in time).
Sense 3 emphasizes "in many cases or instances" - this is about occurrence in cases/situations.

"More often than not" idiomatically means "in most cases" or "usually" - it refers to what happens in the majority of instances/cases. This aligns well with sense 3.

However, in WordNet distinctions, sense 1 (frequently) and sense 3 (in many cases) are both valid interpretations of "often." The key difference is the idiom "more often than not" specifically denotes a probabilistic frequency across cases/instances.

I think sense 3 is the best fit here because "more often than not" is specifically about cases/instances - it means "in more cases than not" which is literally "in many cases."

Wait, let me reconsider once more. The second sentence also uses "often" - "ringers often skip off to the local pub." This is a more typical use of "often" meaning frequently. But the tagged target is the one in "more often than not."

For "more often than not," this idiom essentially breaks down to "in more cases than not" - so it literally is about cases. Sense 3 "in many cases or instances" fits this perfectly.

I'll go with sense 3.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[Assistant] {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 3. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

content: {"sense_index": 3}{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
The target word "often" appears in the context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." and "ringers often skip off to the local pub"

Let me analyze the three candidate senses:

1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

"More often than not" is a fixed expression meaning "in most cases" or "usually." This phrase doesn't mean "many times at short intervals" (sense 1), nor does it mean "in great quantities" (sense 2). It means "in many cases or instances" - which is sense 3.

The second occurrence of "often" in "ringers often skip off to the local pub" could fit sense 1 (frequently), but since we need to choose one sense for the target word, and the first occurrence clearly uses sense 3, sense 3 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about church bell ringing. The target word "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells. This matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

Here, "think of" is used to express how ringers perceive or regard the church. They see it as something just stuck on the bottom of the belfry - it's a way of looking at or considering the church.

This matches sense 3: "look on as or consider" with synonyms like "repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be" and examples like "she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician."

The pattern "think of X as Y" aligns perfectly with this sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses ringers at St. Mary Abbot church, and mentions "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" and "leaving worship for others below." This refers to the physical building where worship takes place - the church building itself, as opposed to the tower where the bells are. The contrast is between the belfry (where ringers work) and the church building (where worship happens below). This clearly refers to the building/place of worship.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "bottom" appears in the phrase "something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

The context is about bell ringing in a church tower/belfry. The sentence says that ringers think of the church as "something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." This means the church building is at the lower part of the belfry structure - i.e., the church is below the belfry (which is the tower where the bells are).

So "bottom" here refers to the lowest part of the belfry - the lower portion/base of the structure. The church is attached to the bottom of the belfry tower.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "the lower side of anything" - underside, undersurface
2. "the lowest part of anything" - examples include "they started at the bottom of the hill"
3. buttocks
4. bottom of the inning
5. depression forming the ground under a body of water (bed)
6. low-lying alluvial land near a river
7. a cargo ship

Sense 2 "the lowest part of anything" fits best here. The belfry is a tall structure, and the church is at the lowest part of it. The example "they started at the bottom of the hill" shows the concept of being at the lowest part of a structure or landform.

Sense 1 "the lower side" would be more about something like the underside of a table.

Sense 2 is the best match - the church is at the lowest part of the belfry structure.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "completed" in the context of "When their changes are completed." Here, "changes" refers to the ringing patterns/changes in bell ringing. The sentence means when the ringers finish their ringing sequences/changes.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

"When their changes are completed" means when the changes (ringing patterns) are finished/brought to an end. This matches sense 1: "come or bring to a finish or an end."

Sense 2 is about making something whole with all necessary parts - not quite right here.
Sense 3 is about carrying out duties - not quite right.
Sense 4 is about completing a pass in sports - not relevant.
Sense 5 is about filling out forms - not relevant.

The best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about bell ringers who "worked up a sweat" after their changes are completed. This means they generated or produced a sweat through physical exertion.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "form or accumulate steadily" - like building up resistance or pressure
2. "develop" - with example "we worked up an as of an appetite" - this involves developing/generating something
3. "bolster or strengthen" - like working up courage
4. "come up with" - like working out an idea

"Worked up a sweat" means to develop or generate a sweat through activity. Sense 2 ("develop") with the example "we worked up an appetite" seems closest - it's about developing/producing something (a sweat, an appetite) through effort or activity.

Sense 1 is about accumulating steadily, which doesn't quite fit the physical exertion of generating sweat.
Sense 2 is about developing something, which fits well - you develop/generate a sweat.
Sense 3 is about strengthening something internal like courage.
Sense 4 is about coming up with ideas.

The best fit is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about bell ringers who have "worked up a sweat" - this means they have exerted physical effort during ringing, causing them to perspire. The phrase "worked up a sweat" is an idiom meaning to produce perspiration through physical exertion. This points to sense 1 (salty fluid secreted by sweat glands - perspiration). Sense 4 is about effort/exertion itself, but "worked up a sweat" specifically refers to the physical result (perspiration) of that effort. The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is clearly about church bell ringing. "Ringers" refers to people who ring church bells. This matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "often" appears in the sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

This is describing a habitual or frequent action - ringers frequently skip off to the local pub after ringing. This matches sense 1: "many times at short intervals" with synonyms "frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes" and example "we often met over a cup of coffee."

Sense 2 is about quantity (much, a great deal) which doesn't fit.
Sense 3 is "in many cases or instances" which is more general.

The best fit is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes ringers who, after completing their bell-ringing changes, "skip off to the local pub." This means they leave quickly/lightly to go to the pub.

Let me consider the candidate senses:

1. "bypass" - skip over something, like skipping a row in text. Doesn't fit.
2. "intentionally fail to attend" - like cutting class. Doesn't fit.
3. "jump lightly" - hop, hop-skip. This could fit - skipping off to the pub suggests moving lightly/quickly.
4. "leave suddenly" - decamp, vamoose. "Skip town" - this fits well with "skip off to the local pub" - leaving the church to go to the pub.
5. "bound off one point after another" - like bounding. Less fitting.
6. "cause to skip over a surface" - skim, skitter. Like skipping a stone. Doesn't fit.

The phrase "skip off to the local pub" means to leave quickly/lightly to go to the pub. This combines the idea of moving lightly (sense 3) with leaving (sense 4).

Looking more carefully: "skip off" is a phrasal verb meaning to leave or go away, often quickly or lightly. Sense 4 "leave suddenly" with synonyms "decamp, vamoose" and example "skip town" seems to capture this well. The example "skip town" is very similar to "skip off to the local pub."

However, sense 3 "jump lightly" with synonyms "hop, hop-skip" also captures the physical action of skipping.

The phrase "skip off to" is idiomatic and means to go/leave (often cheerfully or quickly). The example "skip town" in sense 4 is the closest parallel to "skip off to the local pub." Both involve leaving a place to go somewhere else.

I think sense 4 is the best fit because "skip off to the local pub" is about leaving the church to go to the pub, which aligns with "leave suddenly" / "decamp" / "skip town."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "local" appears in the phrase "the local pub." This refers to a pub that is in the nearby area or neighborhood where the ringers are. It's not about city administration (sense 1) nor about medical/body (sense 3). It's about something belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood - sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

Here, "leaving" means they depart from the church and leave worship to others. The ringers are going away from the church (the tower/belfry) and leaving the worship behind for others below.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "go away from a place" - synonyms: go forth, go away. Examples: "At what time does your train leave?"
2. "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness" - examples: "She left a mess when she moved out"
5. "move out of or depart from" - synonyms: exit, go out, get out. Examples: "leave the room"
8. "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - synonyms: depart, pull up stakes. Examples: "She wants to leave"

The ringers are "skipping off to the local pub" - they're leaving the church, going away from it. "Leaving worship for others below" - they're leaving worship behind for others.

Sense 1 is about going away from a place. Sense 5 is about moving out of or departing from. Sense 8 is about removing oneself from an association or participation.

The key here is that they are leaving a place (the church/belfry) and also leaving behind (worship for others). The main sense is about departing from a place.

Between sense 1 and sense 5: sense 1 is "go away from a place" and sense 5 is "move out of or depart from." These are very similar. Let me look at the examples more carefully.

Sense 1 examples: "At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight" - these are about leaving/departing.
Sense 5 examples: "leave the room; the fugitive has left the country" - also about leaving a place.

The difference is subtle. Sense 1 emphasizes the act of going away, while sense 5 emphasizes moving out of a specific place.

In the context, "skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below" - the ringers are going away from the church. The "leaving" here is more about the act of going away (they go to the pub, and in doing so, leave worship for others).

Actually, I think sense 1 fits best because the focus is on the act of going away from a place (the church tower). The example "She didn't leave until midnight" is similar in that it's about when someone departs from a place.

Sense 8 is more about removing oneself from an association, which is more abstract. The ringers aren't really leaving an association - they're physically leaving the church to go to the pub.

I'll go with sense 1: "go away from a place."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about church bell ringers. The sentence says "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." Here, "worship" refers to the act of worshipping in the church, i.e., the religious service/activity of worship. This aligns with sense 1: "the activity of worshipping." Sense 2 refers to a feeling of profound love and admiration, which doesn't fit the context of leaving worship (the church service) for others below.