[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: city
Target surface form: cities
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger <t>cities</t>, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=city%1:15:00:: | definition=a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts | synonyms=metropolis, urban center | examples=Ancient Troy was a great city
2. sense_key=city%1:15:01:: | definition=an incorporated administrative district established by state charter | examples=the city raised the tax rate
3. sense_key=city%1:14:00:: | definition=people living in a large densely populated municipality | synonyms=metropolis | examples=the city voted for Republicans in 1994

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context says "especially in our larger cities" referring to New York City, Chicago, and other cities as large urban areas. The contrast is with larger urban areas where locally elected school boards become prey to politicians. This is about large densely populated urban areas, not specifically incorporated administrative districts or the people. Sense 1 (metropolis, urban center) fits best.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, <t>become</t> the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON object with sense_index. Need disambiguate become in context. Let's reason.

Context: Locally elected school boards ... become the prey of ambitious... politicians. Target "become" links subject school boards to complement "the prey". Means they come to be/turn into victims/prey. Candidate senses:
1 enter or assume a certain state or condition (go,get) examples He became annoyed; getting more serious. Typically become + adjective/state.
2 undergo a change or development (turn) examples water turned into ice; former friend became her worst enemy. This includes change into new identity/role, NP complement often.
3 come into existence (What becomes has duration) philosophical not fit.
4 enhance appearance/suit not fit.
Need choose between 1 and 2. The phrase "become the prey of" indicates transformation into a state/condition? "prey" is noun phrase role/status. WordNet sense 2 gloss: undergo a change or development; synonyms turn; examples include Her former friend became her worst enemy (NP complement), water turned into ice. Sense 1 gloss enter or assume a certain state or condition; examples adjectival. Here "become the prey" = change into being prey, a new condition/role. Which is better indexed? Need infer WordNet distinction: become%2:30:00 (go,get) = enter or assume a certain state or condition; e.g. "He became annoyed", "It must be getting more serious", "her face went red" maybe adjectives. become%2:42:01 (turn) = undergo a change or development; "The water turned into ice", "Her former friend became her worst enemy", "The dream turned into a nightmare". With NP complement denoting resulting entity/role, sense 2. "school boards become the prey of politicians" analogous former friend became enemy (NP). So index 2.
Need final only JSON exactly. Ensure no extra text. Use sense_index 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ambitious
Target surface form: ambitious
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of <t>ambitious</t>, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ambitious%3:00:00:: | definition=having a strong desire for success or achievement
2. sense_key=ambitious%5:00:00:difficult:00 | definition=requiring full use of your abilities or resources | synonyms=challenging | examples=ambitious schedule; performed the most challenging task without a mistake

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes "ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians". Ambitious here modifies politicians, describing their strong desire for success/power/achievement. Sense 1 is having strong desire for success or achievement. Sense 2 is requiring full use of abilities/resources (challenging), which doesn't fit people/politicians in this negative cluster. Need return only JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generally
Target surface form: generally
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, <t>generally</t> corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target is "generally" in "ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians". Here "generally" modifies "corrupt" meaning usually/mostly corrupt, as a rule. It parallels "invariably" (always). So sense 1 usually; as a rule. Not "in general" (without distinction) nor broadly. Need output only JSON. Ensure no extra text. Final with {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: corrupt
Target surface form: corrupt
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally <t>corrupt</t>, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=corrupt%3:00:00:: | definition=lacking in integrity | examples=humanity they knew to be corrupt...from the day of Adam's creation; a corrupt and incompetent city government
2. sense_key=corrupt%3:00:04:: | definition=not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive | synonyms=crooked
3. sense_key=corrupt%5:00:00:imperfect:00 | definition=containing errors or alterations | synonyms=corrupted | examples=a corrupt text; spoke a corrupted version of the language
4. sense_key=corrupt%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=touched by rot or decay | synonyms=tainted | examples=tainted bacon; `corrupt' is archaic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes "ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians". This refers to politicians lacking integrity, dishonest. Sense 1: lacking in integrity, example includes "a corrupt and incompetent city government" which is very close. Sense 2 is crooked/dishonest/immoral/evasive, also possible. The target modifies politicians, "generally corrupt" alongside ambitious and demagogic. Sense 1 is the best fit for corrupt politicians/government; example explicitly city government. Sense 2 "not straight; dishonest or immoral or evasive" synonyms crooked, could apply to persons too. Need choose single best. In WordNet, corrupt%3:00:00:: lacking in integrity is typical for corrupt officials/politicians. Sense 2 is more like crooked, dishonest in conduct, evasive. Given example "corrupt and incompetent city government" matches local politicians/school governance. Answer {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic <t>local</t> politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need decide sense for local in phrase "local politicians". Context: school governance, locally elected school boards, ambitious corrupt demagogic local politicians. Distinguish sense1 administration city/town/district rather than larger area (local taxes; local authorities) vs sense2 of/belonging to/characteristic of particular locality/neighborhood (local customs; local schools). "local politicians" in larger cities means politicians operating in that locality, city-level rather than national/state. Is that concerned with administration of city/town/district rather than larger area? Phrase local politicians often means politicians of a particular locality, not administrative. Need choose best. We need fine-grained WSD. Examples: local authorities strongly sense1. local schools sense2. In context, "Locally elected school boards... prey of ... local politicians" The politicians are from the locality/city and involved in school boards; "local" contrasts with maybe nonlocal? It suggests characteristic of particular locality/neighborhood? Let's parse: The text opposes community involvement and locally elected school boards; says boards become prey of ambitious local politicians or would-be politicians. The target modifies politicians. Sense1: relating to administration of city/town/district rather than larger area. "local politicians" are elected/administrative officials at city/district level. Sense2: belonging to particular locality/neighborhood. WordNet likely has adjective local with senses: (1) relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities". (2) of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; "local customs"; "local schools". The phrase "local politicians" maybe closest to sense1? Politicians are part of local government/administration; local vs national/state politicians. In context of school governance (administration), and cities, locally elected school boards, target aligns with municipal/district administration rather than larger area. Also phrase "local politicians" is a conventional collocation meaning officials/politicians at municipal level, not merely people from locality. Choose 1. Need final only JSON exact. No sense key. Ensure no extra. Final {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local <t>politicians</t> or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "politicians" appears in context: "ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians." This describes local elected officials involved in school boards / civil administration.

Sense 1: a leader engaged in civil administration - this fits elected local politicians involved in governance.
Sense 2: a person active in party politics - more about party politics.
Sense 3: schemer, underhanded - the context has negative words (corrupt, demagogic, ambitious), but the core meaning is still actual politicians holding/seeking office in civil administration, not merely organizational schemers.

The phrase "local politicians or would-be politicians" refers to people in/seeking public office, civil administration. The negative adjectives are modifiers but the denotation is sense 1. WordNet sense 1 is the neutral term for a leader in civil administration. Even though described negatively, they are still politicians in the civic sense. Sense 3 would be metaphorical (office politics schemer). Here it's literal local politicians. So sense 1 is best.

Need to return only JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be <t>politicians</t>. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes local politicians as ambitious, corrupt, demagogic, prey upon school boards. Target refers to "local politicians or would-be politicians" in party/elected politics. Need choose among senses. Sense 2 person active in party politics fits local elected school boards/politicians. Sense 3 schemer underhanded in organization could be tempting due to corrupt/demagogic but lemma refers actual local politicians/would-be, active in politics, not merely organizational schemer. Sense 1 civil administration leader too neutral/schematic. Best is 2. Return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the <t>process</t> of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context: "New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment..." The phrase "in the process of trying" means currently engaged in an ongoing gradual course/series of states. Candidate 6: sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; examples "events now in process" and "process of calcification". "In the process of" idiom typically maps to sense 6 (ongoing phenomenon gradual changes). Sense 1 is procedure/course of action intended to achieve result; "process of trying to disengage" could be course of action? But phrase "is in the process of trying" emphasizes ongoing activity over time, not a procedure. Best is 6. Need return only JSON. Ensure no sense key. Final exactly {"sense_index": 6}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: try
Target surface form: trying
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of <t>trying</t> to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=try%2:41:00:: | definition=make an effort or attempt | synonyms=seek, attempt, essay, assay | examples=He tried to shake off his fears; The infant had essayed a few wobbly steps
2. sense_key=try%2:41:01:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=test, prove, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
3. sense_key=try%2:41:06:: | definition=put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of | synonyms=judge, adjudicate | examples=The football star was tried for the murder of his wife; The judge tried both father and son in separate trials
4. sense_key=try%2:34:00:: | definition=take a sample of | synonyms=sample, try out, taste | examples=Try these new crackers; Sample the regional dishes
5. sense_key=try%2:41:05:: | definition=examine or hear (evidence or a case) by judicial process | synonyms=hear | examples=The jury had heard all the evidence; The case will be tried in California
6. sense_key=try%2:37:01:: | definition=give pain or trouble to | examples=I've been sorely tried by these students
7. sense_key=try%2:37:00:: | definition=test the limits of | synonyms=strain, stress | examples=You are trying my patience!
8. sense_key=try%2:30:00:: | definition=melt (fat or lard) in order to separate out impurities | synonyms=render | examples=try the yak butter; render fat in a casserole
9. sense_key=try%2:29:00:: | definition=put on a garment in order to see whether it fits and looks nice | synonyms=try on | examples=Try on this sweater to see how it looks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "trying" in the context: "New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance".

Here "trying to disengage" means making an effort/attempt to disengage. This matches sense 1: make an effort or attempt. The construction "try to do X" is the classic attempt meaning.

Sense 2 is test quality, not relevant. Answer is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: system
Target surface form: system
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this <t>system</t> of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=system%1:06:00:: | definition=instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity | examples=he bought a new stereo system; the system consists of a motor and a small computer
2. sense_key=system%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole | synonyms=scheme | examples=a vast system of production and distribution and consumption keep the country going
3. sense_key=system%1:27:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a sample of matter in which substances in different phases are in equilibrium | examples=in a static system oil cannot be replaced by water on a surface; a system generating hydrogen peroxide
4. sense_key=system%1:09:00:: | definition=a complex of methods or rules governing behavior | synonyms=system of rules | examples=they have to operate under a system they oppose; that language has a complex system for indicating gender
5. sense_key=system%1:09:02:: | definition=an organized structure for arranging or classifying | synonyms=arrangement, organization, organisation | examples=he changed the arrangement of the topics; the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original
6. sense_key=system%1:08:00:: | definition=a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts | examples=the body has a system of organs for digestion
7. sense_key=system%1:09:01:: | definition=a procedure or process for obtaining an objective | examples=they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation
8. sense_key=system%1:08:01:: | definition=the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole | examples=exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system
9. sense_key=system%1:07:00:: | definition=an ordered manner; orderliness by virtue of being methodical and well organized | synonyms=organization, organisation | examples=his compulsive organization was not an endearing quality; we can't do it unless we establish some system around here

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for system in context. Need think. Context: school governance via locally elected school boards, prey of politicians. "this system of school governance". Candidate senses. It refers to an arrangement/method/rules governing behavior? Specifically "system of school governance" = a complex of methods or rules governing behavior (sense 4) perhaps. Could be sense 2 group of interrelated elements unified whole (scheme) as in vast system of production/distribution; but phrase "system of school governance" denotes organized method/institutional arrangement for governing schools, rules and structure. Need distinguish 4 vs 5 vs 7 vs 2. Sense 4: complex of methods or rules governing behavior; examples operate under a system they oppose; language has complex system for indicating gender. In context, governance by locally elected school boards is a method/rules governing behavior of schools. "commitment to this system of school governance" = institutional arrangement. Could be sense 5 organized structure for arranging/classifying? no. Sense 7 procedure/process for obtaining objective? not exactly. Sense 2 broad unified whole of interrelated elements; "system of governance" often group of institutions? But WordNet sense 4 has example "they have to operate under a system they oppose" exactly political/regime. The context "school governance" and commitment/institute/disengage suggests system as method/regime. Choose sense 4 index? The candidate list index numbers are 1..9; need return sense_index maybe numeric position in list, not WordNet. The target sense is candidate 4 (system%1:09:00::). Need output {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure only JSON. No hedging. final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: school
Target surface form: school
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of <t>school</t> governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=school%1:14:00:: | definition=an educational institution | examples=the school was founded in 1900
2. sense_key=school%1:06:00:: | definition=a building where young people receive education | synonyms=schoolhouse | examples=the school was built in 1932; he walked to school every morning
3. sense_key=school%1:09:00:: | definition=the process of being formally educated at a school | synonyms=schooling | examples=what will you do when you finish school?
4. sense_key=school%1:14:02:: | definition=a body of creative artists or writers or thinkers linked by a similar style or by similar teachers | examples=the Venetian school of painting
5. sense_key=school%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of instruction in a school; the time period when school is in session | synonyms=schooltime, school day | examples=stay after school; he didn't miss a single day of school
6. sense_key=school%1:14:03:: | definition=an educational institution's faculty and students | examples=the school keeps parents informed; the whole school turned out for the game
7. sense_key=school%1:14:01:: | definition=a large group of fish | synonyms=shoal | examples=a school of small glittering fish swam by

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "school" appears in the phrase "school governance". The context discusses locally elected school boards, New York City trying to disengage from a system of school governance. "School governance" refers to governance of schools as educational institutions - the system of governing schools. This is attributive use modifying governance. The relevant sense is educational institution (sense 1), as school boards govern educational institutions. Not the building, not the process, not fish. Sense 1 "an educational institution" is best. The phrase "this system of school governance" = governance of schools (educational institutions). Answer {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: governance
Target surface form: governance
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school <t>governance</t>, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=governance%1:14:00:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governing body, establishment, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
2. sense_key=governance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=government, governing, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "governance" in the context "this system of school governance".

The context is about locally elected school boards and the system of governing schools. "System of school governance" refers to the act/manner of governing schools - the system by which schools are governed/controlled.

Sense 1: the persons/body who administer - administration, governing body (refers to the people/organization)
Sense 2: the act of governing; exercising authority - government, governing (refers to the activity/process)

"System of school governance" - here governance refers to the act/process/system of governing schools, not the persons. It's about how schools are governed (the system of governing), specifically locally elected school boards controlling schools. This is the act of governing/exercising authority.

So the answer should be sense 2.

Wait, let me reconsider. "School governance" could refer to the governing body (school boards). But the phrase "system of school governance" refers to the arrangement/method of governing - the act of governing. New York is trying to disengage from a commitment to "this system" (locally elected school boards). The system of governance = the way/manner/act of governing. Sense 2 fits better: the act of governing; exercising authority.

Answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and <t>other</t> cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word is "other" in "Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it." Here "other" means cities not the same as the ones already mentioned (New York, Chicago). It refers to additional/different cities from those mentioned. This matches sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied." Example "the construction of highways and other public works" is very similar - other = additional ones besides those mentioned. Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: city
Target surface form: cities
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other <t>cities</t> are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=city%1:15:00:: | definition=a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts | synonyms=metropolis, urban center | examples=Ancient Troy was a great city
2. sense_key=city%1:15:01:: | definition=an incorporated administrative district established by state charter | examples=the city raised the tax rate
3. sense_key=city%1:14:00:: | definition=people living in a large densely populated municipality | synonyms=metropolis | examples=the city voted for Republicans in 1994

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context: "especially in our larger cities" and "Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it." Here "cities" refers to large urban areas/municipalities generally. It is contrasted with New York City, Chicago. The phrase "larger cities" and "other cities" likely denotes large densely populated urban areas rather than the incorporated administrative district per se or the people. Sense 1 metropolis/urban center fits best: large and densely populated urban area. Sense 2 is administrative district established by charter; sense 3 is people. In "Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it" the city as entity could be administrative, but "larger cities" as prey of politicians refers urban areas. Need single best. Choose sense 1. Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: institute
Target surface form: institute
Context:
They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to <t>institute</t> it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=institute%2:36:01:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, found, plant, constitute | examples=establish a new department
2. sense_key=institute%2:36:00:: | definition=advance or set forth in court; , | synonyms=bring | examples=bring charges; institute proceedings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target is "institute" in the sentence: "even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it." The pronoun "it" refers to "this system of school governance" (locally elected school boards / community involvement). To institute a system means to set it up, establish it. That matches sense 1: set up or lay the groundwork for; establish, found, plant, constitute. Not legal proceedings. So sense_index 1. Return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In <t>most</t> states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%3:00:02:: | definition=(superlative of `many' used with count nouns and often preceded by `the') quantifier meaning the greatest in number | examples=who has the most apples?; most people like eggs
2. sense_key=most%3:00:01:: | definition=the superlative of `much' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning the greatest in amount or extent or degree | examples=made the most money he could; what attracts the most attention?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to determine which sense of "most" is used in the context "In most states, increasing expenditures on education..."

The word "states" is a count noun (plural). "Most states" means the greatest number of states / the majority of states. This corresponds to sense 1: superlative of 'many' used with count nouns.

Sense 2 is for mass nouns (much) - greatest in amount/extent/degree.

Since "states" is countable, the answer is sense 1.

Return only JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expenditure
Target surface form: expenditures
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing <t>expenditures</t> on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expenditure%1:21:00:: | definition=money paid out; an amount spent | synonyms=outgo, spending, outlay
2. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of spending money for goods or services | synonyms=expending
3. sense_key=expenditure%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of consuming something | synonyms=consumption, using up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context: "increasing expenditures on education" - this refers to amounts of money spent on education. Sense 1 is "money paid out; an amount spent" which fits best. Sense 2 is the act of spending, sense 3 is consuming. "Expenditures on education" = amounts spent. Answer sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on <t>education</t>, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal."

The target word "education" refers to the activities of educating/instructing, schooling activities. Increasing expenditures on education = spending on schooling/instruction. The next sentence says "Education takes place in the classroom" — referring to the activity/process of educating, instruction. Sense 1: activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. This fits best.

Sense 3 is gradual process of acquiring knowledge; sense 2 knowledge acquired. But "increasing expenditures on education" = funding for educational activities/system, and "education takes place in classroom" refers to the activity of teaching/instruction. Sense 1 is best. Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: circumstance
Target surface form: circumstances
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current <t>circumstances</t>, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=circumstance%1:26:01:: | definition=a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
2. sense_key=circumstance%1:26:02:: | definition=the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event | synonyms=context, setting | examples=the historical context
3. sense_key=circumstance%1:09:00:: | definition=information that should be kept in mind when making a decision | synonyms=condition, consideration | examples=another consideration is the time it would take
4. sense_key=circumstance%1:11:00:: | definition=formal ceremony about important occasions | examples=pomp and circumstance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate "circumstances" in the context "in our current circumstances".

The phrase "in our current circumstances" refers to the present situation/conditions surrounding education spending. Let me consider the senses:

1. a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity - individual condition
2. the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event - context, setting
3. information that should be kept in mind when making a decision - condition, consideration
4. formal ceremony - pomp and circumstance

"In our current circumstances" = in the present situation/context. This refers to the overall set of facts surrounding the situation. This is best captured by sense 2 (context, setting) - the set of facts that surround a situation.

Actually, "circumstances" plural often means the state of affairs/conditions. Sense 2 with synonyms "context, setting" fits "current circumstances" well - the surrounding situation.

Sense 1 is more singular "a condition that accompanies or influences some event" - individual accompanying condition.

The phrase "in our current circumstances" means "given the present state of affairs" - the overall context/setting. This is sense 2.

Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will <t>probably</t> make things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "probably" in the sentence: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better."

The meaning here is "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" — the speaker is making a probabilistic prediction that increasing expenditures will likely make things worse. This matches sense 1 (likely, in all likelihood).

Sense 2 (credibly, believably, plausibly) means easy to believe based on evidence, which doesn't fit — it's not about being believable, it's about likelihood/probability.

Answer: sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably <t>make</t> things worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need disambiguate make in sentence: "In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better." Target verb make followed by object things and complement adjective worse/better. Means cause things to become worse; give certain properties to something? Candidate sense 2 definition give certain properties to something synonyms get examples get someone mad; She made us look silly. That fits make + object + adjective: make things worse = cause things to be worse, render things worse. Sense 3 create/cause to be/become also possible: make a mess; create a furor. But construction make things worse = cause to become worse, change state. WordNet sense 2 (make%2:30:00::) specifically "give certain properties to something" with examples get someone mad; She made us look silly — causative with adjective complement. Sense 8 compel somebody/something to act in certain way examples Heat makes you sweat (cause to do), not adjective state. Sense 4 cause to do; specified manner. So best index 2. Need final only JSON. Ensure no extra. Use sense_index integer 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: things
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make <t>things</t> worse, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
2. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
3. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
5. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair
7. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
8. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
10. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
11. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON. Need disambiguate 'things' in context: 'increasing expenditures ... will probably make things worse, not better.' Here 'things' refers general situation/circumstances/state of affairs, not special situation? Candidate 1 definition a special situation examples this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing. 6 vaguely specified concern synonyms matter affair examples several matters. Phrase make things worse = make matters worse; 'things' = state of affairs, situation, conditions. WordNet sense thing%1:26:00: a special situation maybe 'things' plural as circumstances? Let's recall WordNet: thing noun senses include: 1 entity, 2 action, 3 event, 4 statement, 5 attribute, 6 artifact, 7 feeling, 8 objective, 9 abstraction, 10 situation ('a special situation'), 11 concern ('a vaguely specified concern' matter affair), 12 unspecified entity. The idiom 'make things worse' often maps to situation: 'how are things?' situation. Sense 1 gloss 'a special situation' examples 'this thing has got to end'; 'it is a remarkable thing' singular. But plural things in 'make things worse' means circumstances/situation in general. Candidate 6 vaguely specified concern 'matters to attend to; none of your affair' synonym matter, affair. 'make matters worse' synonym would be 'make things worse'—things=matters? The exact collocation 'make matters/things worse' suggests concerns/affairs. Need choose best indexed. Context: expenditures will make things worse, not better = conditions/state of education. 'things' as general situation. Sense 1 is 'a special situation' not exactly plural; sense 6 vaguely specified concern includes matter/affair, and idiom make matters worse. The sentence uses things = matters/affairs regarding education. I'd pick 6? Need no hedge. Let's decide.

WordNet likely has example for sense 6: "several matters to attend to", "it is none of your affair". Target 'make things worse' semantically similar to 'make matters worse' = concerns/situation. In WSD tasks, for 'things' in 'make things worse', answer likely sense 6 (matter, affair) due synonym. But sense 1 special situation examples singular and not synonym; 'things' plural general conditions maybe under situation. Need choose single best. The prompt emphasizes synonyms; candidate 6 has synonyms matter/affair, phrase 'make matters worse' exact paraphrase. So 6.

Final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worse
Target surface form: worse
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things <t>worse</t>, not better. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worse%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability | examples=this road is worse than the first one we took; the road is in worse shape than it was
2. sense_key=worse%3:00:02:: | definition=changed for the worse in health or fitness | synonyms=worsened | examples=I feel worse today; her cold is worse
3. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=bad, big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
5. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=bad, tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=bad, spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
7. sense_key=regretful%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry, bad | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=bad, uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | synonyms=bad | examples=so-called bad grammar
11. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=bad, risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=bad, unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | synonyms=bad | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | synonyms=bad | examples=led a very bad life
15. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=bad, forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
16. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=bad, defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose sense for worse in context: "increasing expenditures... will probably make things worse, not better." Comparative of bad, inferior/less desirable condition. Sense 1. Need final only JSON. Ensure no extra. Need not include sense key. Return {"sense_index":1}. Need exactly format maybe space after colon? User says exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Use that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: better
Target surface form: better
Context:
If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not <t>better</t>. The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=better%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `good') superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another | examples=You're a better man than I am, Gunga Din; a better coat
2. sense_key=better%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `good') changed for the better in health or fitness | examples=her health is better now; I feel better
3. sense_key=better%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=best | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
4. sense_key=better%5:00:00:major:01 | definition=more than half | examples=argued for the better part of an hour
5. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
6. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
7. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
8. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
9. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
10. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
12. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
13. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
14. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
15. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
16. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
18. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
24. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
25. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste
26. sense_key=well%3:00:01:: | definition=in good health especially after having suffered illness or injury | synonyms=well | examples=appears to be entirely well; the wound is nearly well
27. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
28. sense_key=well%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=wise or advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=well | examples=it would be well to start early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context: "increasing expenditures on education... will probably make things worse, not better." Here "better" is comparative of good, meaning improved in quality/condition. Sense 1: superior in excellence or quality. Sense 2 is health-related changed for better. "make things better" = improve situation quality, not health. So sense 1 best. Need return JSON only. Ensure not sense key. Final exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The <t>reason</t> is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need determine sense. Context: "The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal." It explains why increasing expenditures will make things worse not better. Target reason = explanation of cause of phenomenon? Let's examine candidates. 1 rational motive for belief/action (grounds for declaration). 2 explanation of cause of some phenomenon (reason a steady state was never reached was that... 5 justification for something existing/happening (cause to complain). 6 fact logically justifies premise/conclusion (there is reason to believe). The phrase "The reason is simple: [explanation]" introduces causal explanation for prior claim that expenditures will make things worse. It is an explanation of cause of phenomenon, sense 2. Not motive for action, not capacity. Need output only JSON. Ensure index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
-- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it. -- In most states, increasing expenditures on education, in our current circumstances, will probably make things worse, not better. The reason is <t>simple</t>: Education takes place in the classroom, where the influence of money is minimal. Decades of educational research tell us unequivocally that even smaller classes have zero effect on the academic performance of the pupils -- though they may sometimes be desirable for other reasons.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context: "The reason is simple: Education takes place in the classroom..." Here "simple" means easy to understand, not complicated. The phrase "the reason is simple" is idiomatic meaning straightforward/not complex.

Sense 1: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved - examples: a simple problem; simple mechanisms
Sense 2: easy and not involved or complicated - synonyms elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic - examples: an elementary problem in statistics

"The reason is simple" - the reason is uncomplicated/easy to understand. This is predicative adjective. Sense 1 is attributive-ish "not complex". Sense 2 is "easy and not involved or complicated".

In "The reason is simple", it means the explanation is straightforward, not complicated. Both 1 and 2 overlap. Sense 1 definition "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" fits a reason (a reason can be simple = not complicated). Sense 2 emphasizes easiness (elementary). A reason isn't really "easy" (you don't solve a reason), it's uncomplicated/not complex. So sense 1 better: not complex/complicated/involved. The reason has few parts.

Actually "The reason is simple" commonly maps to sense 1 (not complex). Sense 2 is more about problems/tasks being easy. The target is "reason", not a task. So sense 1.

Return JSON only.