[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drift
Target surface form: drift
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just <t>drift</t> away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drift%2:38:02:: | definition=be in motion due to some air or water current | synonyms=float, be adrift, blow | examples=The leaves were blowing in the wind; the boat drifted on the lake
2. sense_key=drift%2:38:04:: | definition=wander from a direct course or at random | synonyms=stray, err | examples=The child strayed from the path and her parents lost sight of her; don't drift from the set course
3. sense_key=drift%2:38:01:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
4. sense_key=drift%2:42:03:: | definition=vary or move from a fixed point or course | examples=stock prices are drifting higher
5. sense_key=drift%2:42:00:: | definition=live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely | synonyms=freewheel | examples=My son drifted around for years in California before going to law school
6. sense_key=drift%2:38:05:: | definition=move in an unhurried fashion | examples=The unknown young man drifted among the invited guests
7. sense_key=drift%2:38:06:: | definition=cause to be carried by a current | examples=drift the boats downstream
8. sense_key=drift%2:35:03:: | definition=drive slowly and far afield for grazing | examples=drift the cattle herds westwards
9. sense_key=drift%2:30:10:: | definition=be subject to fluctuation | examples=The stock market drifted upward
10. sense_key=drift%2:30:00:: | definition=be piled up in banks or heaps by the force of wind or a current | examples=snow drifting several feet high; sand drifting like snow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer single best indexed sense. We need fine-grained WSD for "drift" in sentence: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." It's metaphorical: youngsters slowly stop attending/lose interest, leave; drift away from group. Which candidate sense best? Let's examine candidates.

1. be in motion due to air/water current - literal current
2. wander from direct course or at random (stray, err)
3. move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment (roll, wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam)
4. vary or move from a fixed point or course (stock prices drifting higher)
5. live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely (freewheel) - "My son drifted around for years" -- aimless lifestyle
6. move in an unhurried fashion (man drifted among guests)
7. cause to be carried by current
8. drive cattle grazing
9. fluctuate
10. be piled up in banks by wind

"Drift away" here means gradually leave, withdraw, lose contact. The phrase "drift away" corresponds to sense 2? Definition wander from a direct course or at random, synonyms stray, err. Examples: The child strayed from the path; don't drift from the set course. This implies leaving a course/group gradually. Sense 3 "move about aimlessly" includes synonyms wander, stray but also tramp, roam. However "drift away" with movement away from group may be sense 2 or 3. WordNet for drift (v): * 2:38:01::=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment; "The gypsies roamed the woods"; "the wandering Jew"; "The cattle roam across the prairie"; "t..., stray, tram..., roam*, vagabond,... * 2:38:02::=be in motion due to some air or water current; "The leaves were blowing in the wind"; "the boat drifted on the lake"; float, be adrift, blow * 2:38:04::=wander from a direct course or at random; "The child strayed from the path and her parents lost sight of her"; "don't drift from the set course"; stray, err. Also sense 5 (2:42:00) live unhurriedly, etc. "My son drifted around for years before..." The phrase "drift away" could be sense 2: wander from direct course. In common usage, "drift away" = gradually move away, leave. The youngsters drift away = stop coming, leave. It is not literal water/air current, but the same verb sense can apply to people moving away from a group. Sense 3 includes aimless movement/people. But the phrase "drift away" in this context is like "gradually leave", not just aimlessly roam. Definition 2 (drift%2:38:04) is "wander from a direct course or at random". But targets in WordNet examples include "don't drift from the set course". Here it's course/group. Definition 3 examples include gypsies roamed woods, vagabonds. Which is closer? The youngsters drift away from bell ringing due to discos and dances; they gradually depart, not necessarily stray from a path. Could be sense 3 if they move about aimlessly? But "drift away" is intransitive with directional particle away = move apart. WordNet might annotate this exact phrase "drift away" with sense 2 (ramble, stray) or maybe sense 5 (drift around). Let's inspect known SemCor/WordNet usage.

We can think of lexical phrase "drift away (from)". Wiktionary: drift away - To move away from someone or something, especially gradually. Synonyms: slip away. It likely corresponds to sense "To move slowly away from a fixed point or course". That's 4: vary or move from a fixed point or course. But examples stock prices are drifting higher; not human. Hmm. WordNet sense 4 definition: vary or move from a fixed point or course; example: stock prices are drifting higher after the rise. Actually sense 4 is "vary or move from a fixed point or course". Which can apply to people departing.

Let's list all senses with lexname:

drift%2:38:01 - motion - wander aimlessly
drift%2:38:02 - motion - be carried by current
drift%2:42:00 - ??? live unhurriedly
drift%2:30:00 - change or contact? be piled up
drift%2:30:10 - change - fluctuate
drift%2:38:04 - motion - stray
drift%2:38:05 - motion - move slowly
drift%2:38:06 - contact - cause to be carried
drift%2:42:03 - stative? vary or move from fixed point
drift%2:35:03 - motion? drive cattle

The phrase "drift away" in interpersonal sense. Which candidate best? Let's examine context: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." They are young people with other interests, lose interest and leave. The object is away. So "drift" involves moving away from a group/commitment. "Drift away" = "move away from" in sense of leaving. WordNet sense 2:38:04 (wander from a direct course). It includes examples child strayed from path; don't drift from the set course. Here the "set course" is being part of bell ringers; they drift (away) from that course. But the particle "away" might emphasize moving away, while the sense definition "wander from a direct course" fits.

Sense 3 (drift%2:38:01) "move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment." The youngsters don't move about aimlessly; they just leave. Sense 2 better.

Sense 5 (drift%2:42:00) live unhurriedly, irresponsibly, or freely; examples drifted around for years. The phrase "drift away" could be related but "away" indicates direction. The context: they drift away because of discos/dances, not living irresponsibly.

Sense 4 (drift%2:42:03) vary or move away from fixed point or course. Examples stock prices drifting higher. This might be a slow movement. But lexical unit "drift away" likely under sense 2 "wander from a direct course". The key is sense key drift%2:38:04. Let's verify with WordNet example "don't drift from the set course". That exactly means don't wander from chosen course. Here "they just drift away" (from the group/activity). So answer index 2.

Need output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: away
Target surface form: away
Context:
Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift <t>away</t>. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=away%4:02:00:: | definition=from a particular thing or place or position (`forth' is obsolete) | synonyms=off, forth | examples=ran away from the lion; wanted to get away from there
2. sense_key=away%4:02:01:: | definition=from one's possession | synonyms=out | examples=he gave out money to the poor; gave away the tickets
3. sense_key=away%4:02:03:: | definition=out of the way (especially away from one's thoughts) | synonyms=aside | examples=brush the objections aside; pushed all doubts away
4. sense_key=away%4:02:04:: | definition=out of existence; ; - H.E.Scudder | examples=the music faded away; tried to explain away the affair of the letter
5. sense_key=away%4:02:08:: | definition=at a distance in space or time | synonyms=off | examples=the boat was 5 miles off (or away); the party is still 2 weeks off (or away)
6. sense_key=away%4:02:05:: | definition=indicating continuing action; continuously or steadily | examples=he worked away at the project for more than a year; the child kept hammering away as if his life depended on it
7. sense_key=away%4:02:09:: | definition=so as to be removed or gotten rid of | examples=cleared the mess away; the rotted wood had to be cut away
8. sense_key=away%4:02:10:: | definition=freely or at will | examples=fire away!
9. sense_key=away%4:02:07:: | definition=in or into a proper place (especially for storage or safekeeping) | examples=put the toys away; her jewels are locked away in a safe
10. sense_key=away%4:02:06:: | definition=in a different direction | synonyms=aside | examples=turn aside; turn away one's face
11. sense_key=away%4:02:02:: | definition=in reserve; not for immediate use | synonyms=aside, by | examples=started setting aside money to buy a car; put something by for her old age

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "away" in sentence "they just drift away". The phrase "drift away" means gradually leave, move away, become distant. Candidate senses. Let's parse each.
1. from a particular thing or place or position ('forth' obsolete): examples ran away from the lion; get away from there. This is spatial source. "drift away" fits leaving physically (from bell-ringing group/place). Could be sense 1.
2. from one's possession: give away tickets. Not.
3. out of the way (away from thoughts): brush objections aside, push doubts away. Not.
4. out of existence: music faded away, explain away. "drift away" could mean fade out of existence? But context they leave because discos/dances, drift away from bell ringing. More likely leave, sense 1 or maybe 10 different direction.
5. distance: boat 5 miles away; party two weeks away. Not.
6. continuing action: worked away. Not.
7. removed/gotten rid of: cleared mess away. Not.
8. freely: fire away. Not.
9. proper place for storage: put toys away. Not.
10. in a different direction: turn aside, turn away one's face. Could drift away in a different direction? But sense 10 examples imply turning aside. Drift away from activity = move away from it; sense 1.
11. in reserve: aside. Not.
Thus sense_index: 1. Need output JSON only.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worry
Target surface form: worries
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond <t>worries</t> that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worry%2:37:00:: | definition=be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, or uneasy | examples=I worry about my job
2. sense_key=worry%2:37:12:: | definition=be concerned with | synonyms=care | examples=I worry about my grades
3. sense_key=worry%2:37:01:: | definition=disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress | synonyms=vex | examples=I cannot sleep--my daughter's health is worrying me
4. sense_key=worry%2:42:00:: | definition=be on the mind of | synonyms=concern, interest, occupy | examples=I worry about the second Germanic consonant shift
5. sense_key=worry%2:35:00:: | definition=lacerate by biting | examples=the dog worried his bone
6. sense_key=worry%2:35:01:: | definition=touch or rub constantly | examples=The old man worried his beads

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need pick sense. Target lemma worry, surface worries in sentence: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks..." It's an emotional concern/anxiety. Candidate 2.37.00 be worried, concerned, anxious, troubled, uneasy. Candidate 2.37.12 be concerned with synonyms=care. Candidate 2.42.00 be on the mind of, concern, interest, occupy. The usage is intransitive with that-clause? Actually "worries that old age..." is mental state of being anxious; sense 1. Not sense 2/4 more cognitive concern. So answer index 1.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: youth
Target surface form: youth
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of <t>youth</t> will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=youth%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person (especially a young man or boy) | synonyms=young person, younker, spring chicken
2. sense_key=youth%1:14:00:: | definition=young people collectively | synonyms=young | examples=rock music appeals to the young; youth everywhere rises in revolt
3. sense_key=youth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of life between childhood and maturity
4. sense_key=youth%1:26:00:: | definition=early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced
5. sense_key=youth%1:28:01:: | definition=an early period of development | synonyms=early days | examples=during the youth of the project
6. sense_key=youth%1:07:00:: | definition=the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person | synonyms=youthfulness, juvenility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for 'youth' in context. Let's analyze.

Target sentence: "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of <t>youth</t> will diminish the ranks..." Here 'flightiness of youth' refers to the characteristic of being young/immature, not young people collectively? Let's inspect candidate senses.

1. young person (especially young man/boy). Not fits because 'flightiness of youth' abstract.
2. young people collectively. Could be 'youth' as young people. 'flightiness of youth' could mean young people are flighty. But phrase 'old age and the flightiness of youth' juxtaposes old age (state/period) with flightiness of youth (state/quality). 'Old age' is time/state; 'youth' likely corresponding state of being young. Sense 4: early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced. That fits 'flightiness of youth' = the flightiness associated with the state of being young/immature. Sense 3: time of life between childhood and maturity. 'flightiness of youth' could also refer to that time period, but 'flightiness' is a quality of the state, not time. Sense 6: freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person. Not flightiness. Sense 5 early period of development (project). No.

Need decide between 2 and 4. Context: "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away." Then "old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks". 'youth' here could refer to young people collectively (the youngsters drift away). But the phrase 'flightiness of youth' is an abstract noun: youth as a quality/state. In WordNet, sense 4: early maturity; the state of being young or immature or inexperienced. The example? Not given. Sense 2 examples: "rock music appeals to the young; youth everywhere rises in revolt" uses youth as young people collectively, often with plural verb. 'flightiness of youth' is more like attribute of young people, but the word itself is mass noun. WordNet sense 4 specifically state of being young or immature. That aligns with 'flightiness' (a trait of immaturity). Also 'old age' is a state; parallelism suggests 'youth' as state. So best index 4.

Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rank
Target surface form: ranks
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the <t>ranks</t> of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rank%1:14:00:: | definition=a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another | examples=the entrance was guarded by ranks of policemen
2. sense_key=rank%1:26:00:: | definition=relative status | examples=his salary was determined by his rank and seniority
3. sense_key=rank%1:14:01:: | definition=the ordinary members of an organization (such as the enlisted soldiers of an army) | synonyms=rank and file | examples=the strike was supported by the union rank and file; he rose from the ranks to become a colonel
4. sense_key=rank%1:26:01:: | definition=position in a social hierarchy | synonyms=social station, social status, social rank | examples=the British are more aware of social status than Americans are
5. sense_key=rank%1:14:02:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=membership | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target lemma rank surface ranks in context. Need parse context: church bell ringers group of 15, local ringer remaining, worries old age and youth will diminish ranks of East Anglian group that keeps bells pealing. So ranks = members of the group; body of members of an organization or group (membership). Candidate 5 sense_key=rank%1:14:02:: definition body of members of an organization or group synonyms membership examples they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks. That matches "the ranks of the East Anglian group". Candidate 3 ordinary members (rank and file). Candidate 1 row/line of people. Candidate 2 relative status. Candidate 4 social hierarchy. Best is 5 because singular rank can mean body of members; phrase "the ranks of ... group". Also similar to "in their own ranks" example. Index? Candidate senses listed 1-5; answer should be JSON sense_index: 5. Ensure no hedge, no sense key. Return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian <t>group</t> that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need pick sense index for 'group' in context. It refers to East Anglian group that keeps bells ringing - a number of entities (people) considered as a unit. So sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: keeps
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that <t>keeps</t> the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We have a WSD task. The user asks to choose single best indexed sense for "keeps" in the context. The target lemma is keep, surface form keeps. The clause: "old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that <t>keeps</t> the Aslacton bells pealing." The meaning: maintain the bells in a state of pealing, cause them to continue pealing. So need to select among candidate senses numbered 1 to 22 (though some missing maybe). Candidate 1: keep%2:42:00:: definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; synonyms=maintain, hold; examples=keep clean; hold in place. Candidate 2: continue a certain state, condition, or activity; synonyms continue, go on etc. Candidate 6: stick to correctly or closely. Candidate 10: allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature; synonyms retain, continue. The phrase "keeps the bells pealing" = keep something in a state of pealing. Candidate 1 seems closest: keep in a certain state, position, or activity; examples keep clean; hold in place. "Maintain" the bells pealing. Candidate 2 is intransitive usually (continue a state) and examples "Keep on working!" are about subject continues. Candidate 10 includes "allow to remain" and maintain property/feature. But candidate 10 examples "We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer" not exactly. The object is the bells or the bells pealing state? In candidate 1, the definition explicitly "keep in a certain state, position, or activity". "Keeps the bells pealing" = keeps the bells in a state of pealing, which is exactly candidate 1. So answer index 1.

Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton <t>bells</t> pealing. History, after all, is not on his side.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object sense_index. Need decide best WordNet sense for 'bells' in context. Target surface 'bells' plural. Context about church ringers keeping the bells sounding in belfries, Aslacton bells pealing. They ring large metal bells. Candidate 1: hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. Candidate 3: sound of a bell being struck (toll). Candidate 9: percussion instrument set of tuned bells (chime, orchestral). Here 'bells' are physical devices in belfries, rung by ringers (church bell ringing), plural. So sense 1. Need return {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: history
Target surface form: History
Context:
The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. <t>History</t>, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=history%1:28:00:: | definition=the aggregate of past events | examples=a critical time in the school's history
2. sense_key=history%1:10:00:: | definition=a record or narrative description of past events | synonyms=account, chronicle, story | examples=a history of France; he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
3. sense_key=history%1:09:00:: | definition=the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings | examples=he teaches Medieval history; history takes the long view
4. sense_key=history%1:28:02:: | definition=the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future | examples=all of human history
5. sense_key=history%1:09:01:: | definition=all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge | examples=the dawn of recorded history; from the beginning of history

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer as JSON only. Need choose best sense. Target "History" sentence: "History, after all, is not on his side." Context about church bell ringing tradition dying due to lack of young people; nationwide survey. Meaning: the historical trends / course of events are against him; i.e., the aggregate of past events or continuum indicates decline. Need choose between sense 1 (aggregate of past events) and sense 4 (continuum of events occurring in succession leading from past to present and future). "History is not on his side" idiom means the historical record/trends favor not him. Which WordNet sense? Sense 1 definition: the aggregate of past events. Examples: a critical time in the school's history. Sense 4: the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from past to present and future; all of human history. The phrase "History, after all, is not on his side" refers to the broader trend or flow of events over time, perhaps the discipline? No. It personifies history (historical forces) as being against him. In WordNet, sense 4 likely best? Let's examine. Sense 1 is the aggregate of past events; often used in expressions "a history of..."? Actually history as all past events. Sense 4 continuum of events in succession. "History is not on his side" = the flow of historical development is not favorable. Might map to sense 1 or 4. Let's think typical WSD annotations for "history is on someone's side" might use sense 1? We need decide. Need not hedge. The prompt says use sentence context, examples, synonyms. Let's analyze each.

Sense 1: "the aggregate of past events" examples "a critical time in the school's history". This sense treats history as the sum of past events associated with something. In phrase "History is not on his side," "history" refers to past events/trends as a whole.

Sense 4: "the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future" examples "all of human history". This is more the temporal sequence/continuum. Could fit "history" as unfolding process over time. The sentence: old age and youth flightiness will diminish ranks; historical trend is against him. "According to a nationwide survey... nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung... because there is no one to ring them." That references current statistics as part of historical continuum. Maybe best sense 4 because it refers to ongoing succession from past to present/future, not just past aggregate.

Sense 2 record/narrative description: no. Sense 3 discipline: no. Sense 5 remembered past preserved in writing: no.

Between 1 and 4. The phrase "History, after all, is not on his side" is an idiom meaning historical precedent/process does not support success. WordNet sense? Let's search memory: In WordNet, history noun senses: 1. the aggregate of past events (e.g., "a critical time in the school's history"). 2. a record or narrative description of past events. 3. the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings. 4. the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future (e.g., "all of human history"). 5. all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge.

"History is on our side" uses history as a force/process; I'd map to sense 4 (continuum) rather than aggregate. However, the phrase could be interpreted as "the past (aggregate of past events) shows ..." But the personification of history suggests the unfolding course. The context emphasizes ongoing decline (old age, drift away, survey). "history is not on his side" = historical trends. So likely sense_index 4. But need be careful: If dataset (SemCor?) expects "history is on someone's side" as sense 1? Let's think of WordNet lexical usage. Gloss for sense 1 includes "the aggregate of past events". This is the most common general sense for uncountable "history". Example "a critical time in the school's history" refers to the school's past. Sense 4 has hypernym? It might be a noun denoting a process? The phrase "all of human history" definitely sense 4. "history is not on his side" is closer to "history" as the long-term course of human affairs, which is the continuum. The sentence is about a tradition possibly ending; "history" is the succession of events leading to present and future.

Let's examine the phrase semantics: "History is not on his side" means if you look at history (past events), things are moving away from him, not in his favor. Could be sense 1 because "history" = the aggregate of past events/evidence. But "on his side" implies history as an actor or force, like time/historical process. The continuum sense includes future, present, and past. The idiom often means "the passage of time / historical development favors me." That's continuum. So choose sense 4.

Need output only JSON. Ensure no extra text. JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: side
Context:
The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his <t>side</t>. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for target lemma side, surface side, in sentence: "History, after all, is not on his side." Need interpret idiom "on his side" meaning favorable/supporting him. Candidate senses list has no explicit "favorable aspect/position"? Let's examine all definitions.

1. side a place within a region relative to center/right side etc. Not idiom.
2. one of two or more contesting groups. "History is not on his side" could mean history is not supporting his side in contest? Could be.
3. left or right half of body.
4. surface forming part of outside of object.
5. extended outer surface.
6. aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect). "on the heavy side" etc. "on his side" not aspect.
7. line segment part perimeter.
8. family line.
9. carcass.
10. an opinion held in opposition to another in argument or dispute (syn position). "there are two sides to every question". But "on his side" means supporting him; not an opinion. Hmm.
11. elevated geological formation.
12. sports spin.

The idiom "on one's side" means supporting or favoring one. In WN maybe sense "side%1:14:00:: one of two or more contesting groups" includes taking sides? Example "the Confederate side was prepared to attack". But phrase "on his side" could align with taking sides (supporting side). However definition says one of two or more contesting groups. History is not a contesting group.

Potential missing sense not in candidate list? Maybe they expect sense 2? Let's think in WordNet for side. There are noun senses; "on his side" idiom probably maps to "side: a place within a region...?" Actually "on my side" literal? Let's search memory. WordNet side noun senses: 1. a place within a region... 2. one of two or more contesting groups... 3. either left or right half of body... 4. a surface forming part of outside... 5. an extended outer surface... 6. an aspect... 7. a line segment... 8. a family line... 9. side of meat... 10. an opinion that is held in opposition to another... 11. slope, incline... 12. English spin.

"History is not on his side" = history is not favorable to him. Which noun sense can be metaphorical? Maybe "side" in this idiom derived from "side" as a group one supports: "be on someone's side" means to support them in an argument. That is related to sense 2 (one of two or more contesting groups) or sense 10 (opinion/position). WSD mapping? Let's see examples: "whose side are you on?" means which group do you support. The noun is side as "one of two or more contesting groups". In dictionary, "side" can mean "a group or party supporting a particular person or cause". WordNet sense 2 definition: one of two or more contesting groups. Example "the Confederate side". This captures a group in a conflict. "On his side" could be on the side (group) of him; history not favoring his group/cause. That seems best.

But could be sense 10 "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute". Example "there are two sides to every question". History not on his side isn't opinion. So sense 2 likely.

The instruction: choose single best indexed sense. Return JSON. Need ensure index? The list numbers 1-12. Index likely corresponding to position 1-based in candidate senses. We need {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide <t>survey</t> taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for "survey" in context. It says "According to a nationwide <t>survey</t> taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung..." This is a poll/study gathering data. Candidate senses: 1 detailed critical inspection (syn study); 2 short descriptive summary; 3 act of looking or seeing. The usage is a nationwide survey taken a year ago -> gathering info, poll, detailed study. Best among given is 1. "survey%1:04:02::" with definition a detailed critical inspection; synonyms=study. So index 1. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for take/taken in context: "According to a nationwide survey <t>taken</t> a year ago, nearly a third..." The target surface form is taken, past participle of take. It's used with "survey taken" meaning survey was taken/conducted/carried out. The candidates include sense 1 take%2:41:04 definition carry out examples take action; take steps. That likely corresponds to carry out/conduct. We need choose best indexed sense. The phrase "a nationwide survey taken a year ago" is passive: "a survey taken" idiomatic means a survey was conducted/implemented. In WordNet, take has sense carry out (2:41:04) perhaps. But maybe there is sense 12 assume role, but "take a survey" could be to conduct? Let's examine each candidate. The relevant sense for "take a survey" as in carry out/conduct a survey. Candidate 1: carry out. Candidate 12: assume as of positions or roles. Candidate 24: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial — examples "take a pulse; A reading was taken..." This is similar to taking a measurement or reading, but a survey? Could be sense 24 for taking a survey (questionnaire) reading? However "nationwide survey" about church bells ringing. The survey is a poll or study. "A survey was taken a year ago" is passive of "take a survey" meaning conduct/carry out a survey. WordNet sense 1 labeled carry out, examples "take action; take steps". Does it have "take a survey"? Not in examples here, but gloss says carry out. There may also be a separate sense "take %2:32:08: deal or conduct oneself". Not listed. Candidate 1's lexicographer file is verb.cognition? The sense key ending 2:41:04 includes verb frames. It is synonyms? Not listed except definition carry out. The best among listed is sense 1.

Let's double-check numerical sense keys: take%2:41:04:: maybe the 4th sense of 41st sense group? Not important.

"take" meaning "to perform or conduct (a test, survey, etc.)" WordNet has sense "carry out" maybe to take action. The sentence "nationwide survey taken" meaning done. So answer index 1.

Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a <t>year</t> ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense index for "year" in context: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago". This means a period of time containing 365 days, i.e., twelvemonth. Sense 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for 'church' in sentence: 'nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them.' Context overall about bell towers and belfries. 'church bells' are bells situated in church buildings (or churches as institutions? Let's analyze WordNet senses.
1. Christian church group/denomination. 'church bells' not a specific denomination.
2. church building - a place for public worship. 'church bells' are bells located in church buildings, rung from church belfries. This fits concrete building sense. 'England's church bells' = bells of England's churches (buildings).
3. church service - a service conducted. Does 'church bells' mean church service bells? No, bells aren't service.
4. body of people attending/belonging to a local church. Could 'church bells' = bells belonging to a congregation? But the phrase 'England's church bells' points to physical bells located in churches/buildings. sense 2 is best.

Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "bell" (surface form "bells") in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate senses and return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The context is about church bells, bell ringers, belfries, and the sound of bells. Key phrases:
- "keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia"
- "the Aslacton bells pealing"
- "England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them"

The target word "bells" appears in the phrase "church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."

Now let me examine each candidate sense:

1. bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
   - This refers to the physical object. "Church bells" are physical hollow metal devices that make ringing sounds. This fits.

2. bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
   - This is a doorbell. Not relevant to church bells.

3. bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
   - This refers to the sound/toll. The context mentions "bells pealing" and "bells sounding," but the specific occurrence "church bells are no longer rung" refers to the physical bells being rung.

4. bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell
   - Nautical time. Not relevant.

5. bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
   - Shape of a bell. Not relevant here.

6. bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905)
   - Person. Not relevant.

7. bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf
   - Person. Not relevant.

8. bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone
   - Person. Not relevant.

9. bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
   - This refers to orchestral bells/chimes. Not church bells.

10. bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
    - This refers to the flared opening. Not relevant.

The choice is between sense 1 (physical device) and sense 3 (sound).

In the sentence "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them," "bells" is the subject of "are rung." You ring the physical bell to produce sound. The phrase "no one to ring them" indicates people are needed to ring the physical objects. Also, "church bells" typically refers to the physical bells in the church tower/belfry.

Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is exactly what church bells are. They are physical objects installed in belfries, and people (ringers) ring them.

Sense 3 refers to the sound itself ("the sound of a bell being struck"). While "pealing" could be a sound, the specific target "church bells" in "church bells are no longer rung" refers to the instruments.

Also, the broader context talks about "belfries" (where physical bells are housed) and "ringers" (people who ring physical bells).

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

The instructions say: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The candidate senses are numbered 1-10. The user wants the index from that list. Sense 1 is bell%1:06:00::. So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check. Could it be sense 3? The context has "keep the bells sounding" and "bells pealing." But the target token is in "church bells are no longer rung." When you say "church bells are rung," you are ringing the physical object. The verb "ring" takes a physical bell as its object. "No one to ring them" - "them" refers back to "bells," meaning no one to ring the bells (physical objects).

In WordNet, sense 1 is the most common sense - the physical bell. Sense 3 is the sound. For "church bells" in the context of ringing them, it's definitely sense 1.

The answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: no
Target surface form: no
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "no" in phrase "no longer". Context: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays". The target lemma no, surface no. Candidate senses: 1 referring to degree to which a certain quality is present, synonyms no more, examples he was no heavier than a child. 2 not in any degree or manner; not at all; examples he is no better today. 3 used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement; examples no, you are wrong.

"no longer" is an adverbial phrase meaning "not now as formerly". The word "no" in "no longer" is sense? WordNet adverb senses for no: 1 used to express refusal/denial/disagreement (interjection-like), 2 not in any degree or manner; not at all, 3 referring to degree to which a certain quality is present (no more). Actually order given: sense_key no%4:02:02:: definition referring to degree... synonyms no more. no%4:02:01:: not in any degree or manner; not at all. no%4:02:00:: used to express refusal/denial/disagreement.

In WordNet, adverb "no" sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present; 'he was no heavier than a child'" (syn no more). sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all; 'he is no better today'". sense 3: "used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement; 'No, you are wrong'".

"no longer" = "not any longer". Which sense of no? It modifies "longer" (adverb) meaning not in any degree or manner? Actually "no longer" means "not now as in the past". The word "no" here is an adverb meaning "not at all; not in any degree" with comparative? Hmm. Let's examine examples: "he is no better today" (sense 2). "no heavier than a child" (sense 1). "no longer" might align with sense 2? "not in any degree or manner; not at all" -> "no longer" = not at all longer. But "longer" is a temporal adverb. "no" before "longer" is the negative adverb "not any" maybe sense 2. However WordNet sense 1 synonyms "no more" is essentially synonymous with "no longer" in many contexts. Example "he was no heavier than a child" uses "no" with comparative to mean "not any". "no longer" is similar to "no more". But sense 1 definition says "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present". "no longer" refers to duration, not degree? Could be sense 2.

Need choose single best. Let's think of WordNet mapping for "no longer" maybe as adverb "no longer" (longer? no longer is lexicalized as adv? Actually WordNet has "no longer" as adverb? It might be in "long" senses? But target is "no". We need sense of "no". In "no longer", "no" is used as an adverb modifying "longer". The phrase means "not now as formerly". The relevant sense of "no" is likely sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all". Because "no longer" = "not at all longer". But "no more" synonyms sense 1 also fits "no longer". Let's inspect definitions more carefully.

Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" synonyms: no more. Example: "he was no heavier than a child". Here "no" + comparative adjective "heavier" indicates degree: not to any degree heavier. "no more" = not any more, to no greater degree. "no longer" = not any longer, to no greater length of time. Could be degree of duration. Hmm.

Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all". Example: "he is no better today". This also is "no" + comparative "better". So what's difference between sense 1 and 2? Sense 1 specifically "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" (comparative degree). Sense 2 is more general "not in any degree or manner; not at all". The example "he is no better today" is comparative too. Maybe WordNet distinguishes: sense 1 with "no more" as adverb of degree; sense 2 as adverb of manner/degree? Let's check actual WordNet. I recall adverb "no" has three senses:
- no, no more (adv) (referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present) "he was no heavier than a child"
- no (adv) (not in any degree or manner; not at all) "he is no better today"
- no (adv) (used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement) "No, you are wrong"

The distinction between first two is subtle. Maybe sense 1 is used with "than" and comparatives to indicate equality? "no heavier than a child" = not heavier, at most equal. Sense 2 is "not any" before comparative without "than"? "he is no better today" = not at all better. "no longer" is like "no more" and maybe sense 1? But "no longer" doesn't have "than". It means "not any longer". It is an adverb of time, not degree. But "no" itself in "no longer" is negative quantifier over duration. Which WordNet sense captures "not any longer"? Let's search memory: WordNet examples for "no longer" might be under "no#r2"? Actually I can approximate.

Let's consider the phrase "no longer" as a collocation. In many WSD datasets, "no" in "no longer" is often tagged as sense 2? Let's think of SemCor. The adverb "no" in "no longer" maybe annotated as "no%4:02:01::" (not in any degree or manner). But not sure.

We need decide. Let's analyze syntactically: "are no longer rung". "no longer" modifies "rung". It means "not at any future time; not now". The word "no" negates "longer". It is equivalent to "not any longer". In dictionaries, "no" adv: "used to give a negative response; not any; not at all". "no longer" = "not any longer" uses "no" as determiner? Actually "no" can be determiner meaning "not any; not one". But here POS is adverb (r). WordNet adverb sense 2 "not in any degree or manner; not at all" seems closest: "not at all longer". Sense 1 "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" with synonym "no more" also plausible because "no longer" is synonymous with "no more". But definition says degree to which a certain quality is present. Duration is a quality? "longer" is comparative of duration. "no longer" = to no greater degree of duration. Hmm.

Let's examine examples: sense 1 example "he was no heavier than a child". This is a comparative of adjective with "than". It indicates degree relative to another. Sense 2 example "he is no better today". Comparative without "than". It indicates not at all. "no longer" is comparative of adverb "long" without "than". It indicates not at all in time. So sense 2 likely.

Also sense 1 synonyms "no more" might be used as in "no more than" (degree). "no longer" is not exactly "no more" in this context? It is synonymous with "not any longer". But WordNet lists "no more" as synonym for sense 1. "no more" can mean "no longer" e.g., "she is no more" = dead, or "I will do it no more". But the definition "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" suggests "no more" as "not to a greater degree". "no longer" is about time, not degree. So sense 2.

Therefore answer: {"sense_index": 2}. Need ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for target surface rung, lemma ring. Context about church bells being rung on Sundays. Candidate senses: 1 sound loudly; 2 resound; 3 make bells ring; 4 telephone; 5 surround; 6 band. The sentence "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them." Here "rung" is passive past participle of ring in sense of making bells ring (ring%2:39:01::). It directly has object church bells; someone rings bells. Synonyms knell not perfect. Examples "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church". This is transitive/intransitive? "ring" sense 3 make (bells) ring; My uncle rings every Sunday at local church (intransitive usage but implies bells). It fits. The other close sense 1 sound loudly and sonorously "the bells rang" (intransitive of bell producing sound). However in passive "church bells are no longer rung" has implied agent ringing them, but could be intransitive? Bells are rung by someone. The construction with agent "no one to ring them" strongly indicates sense 3 (make bells ring). Also the article is about ringers, people who ring bells. So sense 3 is best. Need return only JSON object {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sundays
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD for lemma sunday surface Sundays in context. Candidates: 1 first day of week, 2 evangelist. Context: church bells no longer rung on Sundays because no one to ring them. That's days. Choose sense_index 1. Return JSON. Need ensure only JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose sense. Context: church bells, no one to ring them. The example in sense 3: "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" matches. Sense 3 definition make bells ring. So index 3. Need ensure no extra. User asks only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So final should be that only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: easy
Target surface form: easy
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is <t>easy</t> to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=easy%3:00:01:: | definition=posing no difficulty; requiring little effort | examples=an easy job; an easy problem
2. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unhurried:00 | definition=not hurried or forced | synonyms=easygoing, leisurely | examples=an easy walk around the block; at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace
3. sense_key=easy%3:00:02:: | definition=free from worry or anxiety | examples=knowing that I had done my best, my mind was easy; an easy good-natured manner
4. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=affording pleasure | examples=easy good looks
5. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:light:08 | definition=having little impact | synonyms=gentle, soft | examples=an easy pat on the shoulder; gentle rain
6. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:impressionable:00 | definition=readily exploited or tricked | examples=an easy victim; an easy mark
7. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:rich:00 | definition=in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich | synonyms=comfortable, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated | examples=they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards; easy living
8. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:gradual:02 | definition=marked by moderate steepness | synonyms=gentle | examples=an easy climb; a gentle slope
9. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:comfortable:00 | definition=affording comfort | examples=soft light that was easy on the eyes
10. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unchaste:00 | definition=casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior | synonyms=light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton | examples=her easy virtue; he was told to avoid loose (or light) women
11. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=less in demand and therefore readily obtainable | examples=commodities are easy this quarter
12. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=obtained with little effort or sacrifice, often obtained illegally | examples=easy money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is to choose the best WordNet sense for the word "easy" in the given context. The context is: "It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes." This means it's not difficult to understand why bell-ringing is declining. So sense 1: "posing no difficulty; requiring little effort" fits best. The other senses are about being unhurried, free from worry, pleasing, gentle, impressionable, rich, gradual, comfortable, unchaste, available, abundant. None match the usage of "easy to see" which means "not difficult to understand". Therefore sense_index is 1.