[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an <t>average</t> of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "average" in the given context. The target surface form appears in the sentence: "The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. average%1:09:00:: - a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. average%1:24:00:: - (sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. average%1:09:01:: - an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

In the context, "an average of 150,000 Euros" refers to a statistical measure - the mean value of net contributions by immigrants. This is a statistic describing the location of a distribution.

Sense 1 fits best: "a statistic describing the location of a distribution." The synonym "norm" and example "it set the norm for American homes" relate to a statistical norm/average.

Sense 2 is sports-specific, so not applicable.

Sense 3 is about an intermediate scale value regarded as normal/usual, describing something being about average or below average. The examples are about height and snowfall values being normal/typical - this connotes "medium" or "ordinary" level. Our context is explicitly about a calculated statistical mean value, not about whether something is normally/usual.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
A positive effect on wages In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public <t>budgets</t> during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense index for "budgets" in sentence "public budgets". Context: migrants net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of total budgets of European countries. In Germany, immigrant make net contribution of average 150,000 Euros to public budgets during lifetime. So budgets refer to government/state financial plans/income-expenditure accounts, sums of money? WordNet sense candidates:
1 budget%1:21:02:: definition: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose. Example: laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year. Sense maybe "amount of money".
2 budget%1:21:03:: definition: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them. Example: president submitted annual budget to Congress. This is the financial plan document.
Which fits "public budgets" and "total budgets of European countries"? In public finance, "budget" often refers to the government's financial plan/revenue and expenditure, i.e., summary of intended expenditures and proposals to meet them. The phrase "net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries" likely means 1% of total public budgets (government finances). "Public budgets" might refer to state financial plans. But sense 1 is sum of money allocated. Let's analyze distinctions.
WordNet noun senses: budget has two senses listed. budget%1:21:00? actually maybe:
- budget (n)1: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose (the laboratory runs on a budget...)
- budget (n)2: a sum of money set aside ...? Wait check.
Actually WordNet noun budget likely:
1. a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose "the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year"
2. a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"
Yes.
Which one corresponds to "total budgets"? Could be either "total government budgets" as sums of money (= amount of public finance), or "financial plans". The example for sense 2 is an annual budget submitted to Congress (a document). But the context is about contribution to public budgets as systems, not a submitted document. "Migrants are net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries." Here "total budgets of European countries" refers to the overall amount of money governments have/spend. Could be sense 1. In WordNet, sense 1 is "a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose". But a country's budget is a sum of money allocated for public purposes. However typical lexicography: In "laboratory runs on a budget", it's an amount. In "annual budget to Congress", it's a financial statement. "public budgets" in economics text maybe refers to government budgets as fiscal plans (receipts/expenditures), sense 2. The phrase "net contribution to public budgets" means contribution to government finances.
We need decide single best indexed sense. Let's examine examples and synonyms. Synonyms for sense 1? maybe "amount of money, allocation". For sense 2, "financial plan, account". In the text: "1% of the total budgets of European countries" -total budgets as total allocated sums. "public budgets during his lifetime" - contribution to public finances. Is this the budget as a financial plan? The immigrant contributes to "public budgets" over lifetime; meaning state's overall public finances/accounts. That is closer to sense 2 "summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them"? Hmm not exactly intended. But WordNet definitions can be schematic. The word "budgets" in plural, "total budgets of European countries", often refers to fiscal plans (government budgets) of countries. The candidate examples: sense2 example: president submitted annual budget to Congress. Plural public budgets used in macro context = government budgets (plans). I think sense 2 is intended.
But let's be careful: The word "budget" in "net contribution to public budgets" could refer to the government budget as a financial statement of income and expenditure, i.e., a country's budget (sense 2). Migrants contribute more in taxes than receive benefits, improving the budget balance. The "budget" in economics means a financial plan/report. This is sense 2.
The surface form "budgets" plural: A country has a budget (document), can have multiple budgets (annual budgets) over lifetime. But "public budgets" plural across countries.
Also the mention "total budgets of European countries" - could be totals of the EU national budgets (budgetary documents). I'd choose sense 2.
However, do WSD tasks index? The instruction says choose single best indexed sense; return JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Note sense key values shown are budget%1:21:02:: and budget%1:21:03::; indexes are 1 and 2. They ask not answer with sense key, only sense_index.
Need respond only JSON. Ensure no extra text.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mandate
Target surface form: mandate
Context:
In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his <t>mandate</t> to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mandate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document giving an official instruction or command | synonyms=authorization, authorisation
2. sense_key=mandate%1:15:00:: | definition=a territory surrendered by Turkey or Germany after World War I and put under the tutelage of some other European power until they are able to stand by themselves | synonyms=mandatory
3. sense_key=mandate%1:04:00:: | definition=the commission that is given to a government and its policies through an electoral victory

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index. Context: Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth. Mandate here refers to his term/in office as president, i.e., the commission given to a government and policies through electoral victory. Sense index 3 (mandate%1:04:00). Answer JSON only.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
In the same way as a surgeon would find it difficult to work in a country with a shortage of anaesthetists, the complementarities existing between locals and immigrants bring it about that the arrival of immigrants has a positive effect on the pay of locals. Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of <t>growth</t> "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The context is economic: "missing points of growth" relates to economic growth, which is about something becoming larger or more important (increase in economic activity/development). The sense "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" (synonyms increase, increment) matches economic growth.
Sense 1 is biological organism growth.
Sense 2 is progression from simpler to more complex forms, like culture.
Sense 3 is becoming larger/more numerous/more important, fits economic growth.
Sense 4 vegetation.
Sense 5 gradual beginning/coming forth.
Sense 6 pathology tumor.
Sense 7 something grown or growing.
Best: 3.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: question
Context:
Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in <t>question</t>, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for question in phrase "The teeth in question". This is lexical usage. "in question" is a fixed phrase meaning "under discussion" or "being talked about". Need select sense from WordNet. Candidate senses: 1 question instance of questioning (e.g., asked a question). 2 subject matter at issue (head). 3 sentence of inquiry. 4 uncertainty. 5 formal proposal/motion. 6 marriage proposal. "The teeth in question" = the teeth being discussed/being referred to. WordNet sense 2 definition "the subject matter at issue" synonyms=head examples: "the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets". But "the teeth in question" uses question as part of fixed phrase "in question". Does WordNet sense 2 account for "subject matter at issue"? The phrase in question means "the matter being referred to; the thing under discussion". The sense likely 2. Let's examine whether there is a separate adjective? "in question" used as adjective? In WordNet, sense 2 noun maybe fits. The target surface form is noun (question). In "the teeth in question", question is noun complement of preposition meaning "under discussion". Sense 2: subject matter at issue. Yes best. Answer JSON only. Ensure not include explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effect
Target surface form: effect
Context:
Giovanni Peri has calculated that a rise of 1% in the migratory flow causes an increase of between 0,6 and 0,9% in real long-term pay. And does so without taking into account the fact that the diversity contributed by immigrants contributes to the creation of ideas and to economic growth (a large proportion of naturalised immigrants are among American Nobel prize winners, whilst Google, Intel, Paypal, eBay and Yahoo were all founded by immigrants). Migrants are also net contributors to social systems, averaging 1% of the total budgets of European countries. The World Labor Organisation estimates that for example in Germany, an immigrant arriving at the age of 30, will make a net contribution (receipts less expenditure) of an average of 150,000 Euros to public budgets during his lifetime. Nicolas Sarkozy wished at the start of his mandate to look for missing points of growth "with the teeth." The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite <t>effect</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effect%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=effect%1:07:00:: | definition=an outward appearance | synonyms=impression | examples=he made a good impression; I wanted to create an impression of success
3. sense_key=effect%1:09:00:: | definition=an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived) | examples=he just did it for effect
4. sense_key=effect%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=essence, burden, core, gist
5. sense_key=effect%1:07:01:: | definition=(of a law) having legal validity | synonyms=force | examples=the law is still in effect
6. sense_key=effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a symptom caused by an illness or a drug | examples=the effects of sleep loss; the effect of the anesthetic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "effect" in the context:

"The teeth in question, intended to serve to dissuade immigrants, had precisely the opposite effect."

The phrase "had the opposite effect" means the result or consequence was the opposite of what was intended. The teeth (metaphor for strict immigration policies) were meant to dissuade immigrants, but the outcome/result was the opposite.

Sense 1: "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - synonyms include consequence, outcome, result, event, issue, upshot. This fits perfectly with "had the opposite effect" meaning the consequence/outcome was opposite to intention.

Sense 2: "an outward appearance" - doesn't fit.

Sense 3: "an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived)" - doesn't fit, this is about doing something for show.

Sense 4: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work" - doesn't fit.

Sense 5: "(of a law) having legal validity" - doesn't fit, and would be used as "in effect."

Sense 6: "a symptom caused by an illness or a drug" - doesn't fit, this is about physical/medical symptoms.

The correct sense is clearly sense 1. The phrase "opposite effect" means the outcome/consequence was the reverse of what was expected.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pound
Target surface form: pound
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pound%1:23:09:: | definition=16 ounces avoirdupois | synonyms=lb | examples=he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds
2. sense_key=pound%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid
3. sense_key=pound%1:23:10:: | definition=a unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces troy
4. sense_key=pound%1:23:08:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Syria; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Syrian pound
5. sense_key=pound%1:23:07:: | definition=the basic unit of money in the Sudan; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Sudanese pound
6. sense_key=pound%1:23:05:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Lebanon; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Lebanese pound
7. sense_key=pound%1:23:04:: | definition=formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=Irish pound, Irish punt, punt
8. sense_key=pound%1:23:03:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Egypt; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Egyptian pound
9. sense_key=pound%1:23:02:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Cyprus; equal to 100 cents | synonyms=Cypriot pound
10. sense_key=pound%1:23:00:: | definition=a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec | synonyms=lbf.
11. sense_key=pound%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972) | synonyms=Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
12. sense_key=pound%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain) | synonyms=pound sign
13. sense_key=pound%1:06:00:: | definition=a public enclosure for stray or unlicensed dogs | synonyms=dog pound | examples=unlicensed dogs will be taken to the pound
14. sense_key=pound%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows) | synonyms=hammer, hammering, pounding | examples=the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard; the pounding of feet on the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer word sense disambiguation. Target "pound" in sentence: "Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA ... faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA." Here "multi-million pound fine" means amounts in British pounds. It refers to currency. Among senses: 2 British pound sterling, 4 Syrian, 5 Sudanese, 6 Lebanese, 7 Irish, 8 Egyptian, 9 Cypriot, 12 a symbol for a unit of currency (pound sign). Context: no specific country? It says "in the USA" but fine denominated in pound (British) due to "pound" generic, likely Great Britain. The phrase "multi-million pound" in English news often means British pounds. Also target surface "pound" not "pound sign". Thus best sense is sense 1:23:01 British pound. Return JSON {"sense_index":2}. Need ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t> Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON with sense_index. The target lemma usa surface USA. Context: Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA. That's country, not army. So sense 1.
Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trouble
Target surface form: trouble
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh <t>trouble</t> is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trouble%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=trouble%1:11:01:: | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
3. sense_key=trouble%1:11:00:: | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
4. sense_key=trouble%1:04:02:: | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
5. sense_key=trouble%1:12:03:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
6. sense_key=trouble%1:26:02:: | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best WordNet sense for the word "trouble" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is: "Fresh <t>trouble</t> is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it."

So "Fresh trouble" means a new problem or difficulty for Deutsche Bank. The surrounding context mentions "problems at home" and "multi-million pound fine" and "settle disputes."

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=trouble%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=problem | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
2. sense_key=trouble%1:11:01:: | definition=an angry disturbance | synonyms=fuss, bother, hassle | examples=he didn't want to make a fuss; they had labor trouble
3. sense_key=trouble%1:11:00:: | definition=an event causing distress or pain | examples=what is the trouble?; heart trouble
4. sense_key=trouble%1:04:02:: | definition=an effort that is inconvenient | synonyms=difficulty | examples=I went to a lot of trouble; he won without any trouble
5. sense_key=trouble%1:12:03:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=worry | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills
6. sense_key=trouble%1:26:02:: | definition=an unwanted pregnancy | examples=he got several girls in trouble

The context clearly uses "trouble" to mean a problem or source of difficulty. "Fresh trouble" parallels "the problems at home" in the next sentence. The examples for sense 1 include "one trouble after another delayed the job" and "what's the problem?" which fits perfectly.

Sense 1 definition: "a source of difficulty" with synonym "problem" - this matches.

Sense 3 is "an event causing distress or pain" - while a fine could cause distress, the usage here is more about a problem/difficulty/source of problems rather than a specific distressing event. Also, the example "heart trouble" is medical.

Sense 2 is about angry disturbance/labor trouble - not this context.

Sense 4 is about effort/inconvenience - "went to a lot of trouble" - not this.

Sense 5 is about anxiety/worry - the word here is a noun referring to an external situation, not a feeling.

Sense 6 is unwanted pregnancy - clearly not.

So the best answer is sense index 1.

Wait, I need to be careful about indexing. The user says "Candidate senses" and lists them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

The instructions say: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So my final output should be just: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uproar
Target surface form: uproar
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the <t>uproar</t> around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uproar%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of commotion and noise and confusion | synonyms=tumult, tumultuousness, garboil
2. sense_key=uproar%1:11:00:: | definition=loud confused noise from many sources | synonyms=hubbub, brouhaha, katzenjammer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for 'uproar' in context. Two candidates: 1. sense_key uproar%1:26:00:: definition a state of commotion and noise and confusion synonyms tumult etc. 2. uproar%1:11:00:: loud confused noise from many sources synonyms hubbub etc. Context: "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank". Means commotion, public scandal/outcry/confusion surrounding Ackermann. Which sense fits best? WordNet noun senses for uproar: 1. (n) hubbub, uproar, brouhaha, katzenjammer (loud confused noise from many sources) — event? 2. (n) uproar, tumult, tumultuousness, garboil (a state of commotion and noise and confusion) — state. The phrase "uproar around Josef Ackermann" refers to turmoil/scandal/public commotion, a state of commotion and confusion, not actual loud noise. So sense index 1 likely. Candidate order: 1 has key uproar%1:26:00:: state. 2 has key uproar%1:11:00:: noise. Index 1. Answer JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pound
Target surface form: pound
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million <t>pound</t> fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pound%1:23:09:: | definition=16 ounces avoirdupois | synonyms=lb | examples=he got a hernia when he tried to lift 100 pounds
2. sense_key=pound%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=British pound, British pound sterling, pound sterling, quid
3. sense_key=pound%1:23:10:: | definition=a unit of apothecary weight equal to 12 ounces troy
4. sense_key=pound%1:23:08:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Syria; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Syrian pound
5. sense_key=pound%1:23:07:: | definition=the basic unit of money in the Sudan; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Sudanese pound
6. sense_key=pound%1:23:05:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Lebanon; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Lebanese pound
7. sense_key=pound%1:23:04:: | definition=formerly the basic unit of money in Ireland; equal to 100 pence | synonyms=Irish pound, Irish punt, punt
8. sense_key=pound%1:23:03:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Egypt; equal to 100 piasters | synonyms=Egyptian pound
9. sense_key=pound%1:23:02:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Cyprus; equal to 100 cents | synonyms=Cypriot pound
10. sense_key=pound%1:23:00:: | definition=a nontechnical unit of force equal to the mass of 1 pound with an acceleration of free fall equal to 32 feet/sec/sec | synonyms=lbf.
11. sense_key=pound%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972) | synonyms=Ezra Pound, Ezra Loomis Pound
12. sense_key=pound%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol for a unit of currency (especially for the pound sterling in Great Britain) | synonyms=pound sign
13. sense_key=pound%1:06:00:: | definition=a public enclosure for stray or unlicensed dogs | synonyms=dog pound | examples=unlicensed dogs will be taken to the pound
14. sense_key=pound%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pounding (delivering repeated heavy blows) | synonyms=hammer, hammering, pounding | examples=the sudden hammer of fists caught him off guard; the pounding of feet on the hallway

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON object. Need choose best sense for target "pound" in "multi-million pound fine". Context: Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA; actually sentence: "multi-million pound fine". Pound as currency. Which currency? The phrase "multi-million pound fine" uses pound sterling as unit of money in Great Britain. In English, "pound" as currency default British pound unless specified. The context mentions paying 145 million dollars (106 million Euros), but the fine denominated in pounds? "multi-million pound fine" likely means fine measured in British pounds. It says pays multi-million pound fine in the USA: perhaps a fine in pounds? Yes sense 2: basic unit of money in Great Britain and Northern Ireland; equal to 100 pence. Sense 12 is a symbol for unit of currency, but here pound is a noun meaning amount, not the symbol. So choose 2. Need output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the <t>USA</t>. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object sense_index. Target lemma usa, surface USA. Context: Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA. Clearly refers to country, United States. Candidate 1 is country, 2 is army. So choose 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problems
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the <t>problems</t> at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need produce final answer JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need choose best sense for word "problems" in context: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it." The sentence describes difficulties/troubles at home (uprar around CEO, fines). Candidate: 1 problem%1:26:00:: state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. synonyms job. examples about marital problems. 3 problem%1:09:00:: a source of difficulty; synonyms trouble; examples trouble. Which is better? The phrase "problems at home" can mean difficulties/source of difficulty. WordNet sense distinction: 1 state of difficulty (condition); 3 source of difficulty. Example "what's the problem?" uses sense 3. In this context, "the problems at home" refers to difficulties/troubles (Ackermann uproar). Could be sense 1 or 3. Need fine-grained. Let's inspect WordNet senses.
problem (n.) in WordNet:
1. (26) problem, job -- (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog")
2. (10) problem -- (a question raised for consideration or solution; "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve")
3. (9) problem, trouble -- (a source of difficulty; "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?")

Sense 3 definition "a source of difficulty", synonyms trouble. Examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?" In context, "problems at home" are sources of difficulty for Deutsche Bank, akin to trouble. Also previous sentence "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar..." So parallel "trouble" used as source of difficulty? The phrase "the problems at home were not already enough" indicates trouble(s). Which sense is appropriate? Both sense 1 and 3 are close.

We need decide. Let's evaluate. "problems at home were not already enough" means existing difficulties are enough. The word describes a state (difficult condition) or source. WSD examples: "she and her husband are having problems" sense 1: state of difficulty in relationship. "urban problems" sense 1. Hmm "problems at home" might parallel "having problems"? Actually "the problems at home" = difficulties in Germany. In news, "problems at home" often sense 1? Let's search memory: WordNet example for sense 1 includes "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog" and "she and her husband are having problems". That covers general difficulties. Sense 3 is source of difficulty, often "what's the problem?" and "one trouble after another". Some WSD annotated corpora: "a source of difficulty" vs "state of difficulty". Here the noun is plural and refers to existing difficulties, perhaps state. But synonym "trouble" appears in text. However "Fresh trouble" in previous sentence is a different word; target "problems". synonym "trouble" may signal sense 3. But "fresh trouble" there means difficulty, not source necessarily? Sense 3 pairs with trouble as source. Example: "the problem was a broken wire" source. But "Deutsche Bank faces problems at home" means the difficulties it faces.

Let's think from WordNet lexicography. Sense 1 (state) includes "problem" as a condition or situation needing resolution; could be personal, social, economic. Sense 3 (source) is an entity causing difficulty. Example "what's the problem?" asks for the cause. "one trouble after another delayed the job" sources. In our sentence, "the problems at home" are not necessarily the source but the troubles themselves. However, "the problems were not already enough" suggests they are things causing difficulty. The phrase "fresh trouble" is the headline; then "As if the problems at home were not already enough..." Could substitute "troubles" for "problems". That matches sense 3 synonyms. But sense 1 example "having problems" could also be replaced troubles.

Let's see definitions: sense 1 additional examples: "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog". Those are sources/causes? Urban problem = traffic congestion, smog; they are difficulties. Sense 1. "it is always a job to contact him" difficulty. Sense 3 examples: "what's the problem?" asking cause; "one trouble after another delayed the job" things causing delay.

Context: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it." The problems at home (Ackermann uproar) are existing difficulties. WN sense 1 "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" fits: a situation of difficulty for the bank. Sense 3 "a source of difficulty": the Ackermann uproar is a source, but "problems" plural refers to multiple difficulties. The phrase "problems at home" could be like "having problems at home". In sense 1, "having problems" with husband = personal difficulties. So likely sense 1. However, "Fresh trouble" uses "trouble" word, which is noun similar to sense 3 "trouble". But "trouble" also means difficulty.

Need choose single best. Let's examine mapping in WordNet: "problem%1:09:00::" noun.Tops? Actually 1:26 is noun.state? Let's recall: WordNet noun lexicographer files: 03 = noun.animal, 04 = noun.artifact, etc. 26 = noun.state. 09 = noun.Tops? Actually 09 = noun.cognition? Let's list: 00 adj.all, 04 noun.animal, 05 noun.artifact, 06 noun.attribute, 07 noun.body, 08 noun.cognition, 09 noun.communication, 10 noun.event, 11 noun.feeling, 12 noun.food, 13 noun.group, 14 noun.location, 15 noun.motive, 16 noun.object, 17 noun.person, 18 noun.phenomenon, 19 noun.plant, 20 noun.possession, 21 noun.process, 22 noun.quantity, 23 noun.relation, 24 noun.shape, 25 noun.state, 26 noun.substance, 27 noun.time, 28 verb..., etc. Hmm 1:26 could noun.state? Let's check: In WordNet 3.0 sense keys numbers: problem%1:26:00:: and problem%1:09:00::. 1:09 is noun.Tops? Actually lexicographer file 09 is noun.Tops? No, let me recall list: file number 03 = noun.animal, 04 = noun.artifact, 05 = noun.attribute, 06 = noun.body, 07 = noun.cognition, 08 = noun.communication, 09 = noun.event, 10 = noun.feeling, 11 = noun.food, 12 = noun.group, 13 = noun.location, 14 = noun.motive, 15 = noun.object, 16 = noun.person, 17 = noun.phenomenon, 18 = noun.plant, 19 = noun.possession, 20 = noun.process, 21 = noun.quantity, 22 = noun.relation, 23 = noun.shape, 24 = noun.state, 25 = noun.substance, 26 = noun.time, 27 = verb..., 29 = adj, 30 = adv. Wait that's not right. Let's fetch from memory of WN file names: "noun.body" is 06, "noun.cognition" 07, "noun.communication" 08, "noun.event" 09, "noun.feeling" 10, "noun.food" 11, "noun.group" 12, "noun.location" 13, "noun.motive" 14, "noun.object" 15, "noun.person" 16, "noun.phenomenon" 17, "noun.plant" 18, "noun.possession" 19, "noun.process" 20, "noun.quantity" 21, "noun.relation" 22, "noun.shape" 23, "noun.state" 24, "noun.substance" 25, "noun.time" 26. Hmm problem%1:26:00:: is noun.time? That cannot be. Wait maybe offset counts differently. Let's check actual: "problem" noun has lexnames: noun.state, noun.cognition, noun.event? In WN, senses:
- sense 1 (state): lexname noun.state -> key problem%1:26:00::? If state is lexname 26 maybe yes.
- sense 2 (cognition): noun.cognition -> key problem%1:09:00::? Actually cognition lexname might be 09. Wait earlier I thought 09 is event; maybe naming offsets differ. The lexicographer file numbers in sense_key: after %1:NN. Lexnames to numbers: 00=all, 01=relation? There is list: 00 = adj.all, 01 = adj.pert, 02 = adv.all, 03 = noun.Tops, 04 = noun.act, 05 = noun.animal, 06 = noun.artifact, 07 = noun.attribute, 08 = noun.body, 09 = noun.cognition, 10 = noun.communication, 11 = noun.event, 12 = noun.feeling, 13 = noun.food, 14 = noun.group, 15 = noun.location, 16 = noun.motive, 17 = noun.object, 18 = noun.person, 19 = noun.phenomenon, 20 = noun.plant, 21 = noun.possession, 22 = noun.process, 23 = noun.quantity, 24 = noun.relation, 25 = noun.shape, 26 = noun.state, 27 = noun.substance, 28 = noun.time, 29 = verb.body, etc. Yes! So 1:09 = noun.cognition (question/solution). 1:26 = noun.state. 1:09 in candidate list is actually sense 2? Wait candidate 2 is problem%1:10:00::. Then 10 = noun.communication. Hmm problem sense "a question raised" is communication? But WordNet likely lexname noun.cognition maybe 09. Candidate list sense_key problem%1:10:00:: could be noun.communication? Actually a question raised for consideration is communication. Let's not get confused.

Candidate mapping:
1. problem%1:26:00:: -> noun.state -> state of difficulty.
2. problem%1:10:00:: -> noun.communication -> question.
3. problem%1:09:00:: -> noun.cognition -> source of difficulty? Actually definition a source of difficulty lexname noun.cognition? Fine.

So sense 3 is source of difficulty, lexname cognition. We choose between state and source. Important: In WordNet, "problem" sense 3 is related to "trouble" and defined as "a source of difficulty". Is the Ackermann uproar a source of difficulty? The sentence says "Fresh trouble is following... As if the problems at home were not already enough". Could be either.

Let's consider WSD evaluation style: They want the best indexed sense using context, examples, synonyms. The example for sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" The headline uses "Fresh trouble". Immediate context includes "trouble". The synonym for sense 3 is "trouble". That strongly suggests sense 3. However, "Fresh trouble" is not target word; it is context. WSD can use context words. "trouble" is in context and is synonym of sense 3. Also the phrase "As if the problems at home were not already enough" uses idiomatic "problems" meaning "troubles/difficulties". The word "trouble" appears as the subject: "Fresh trouble". So likely sense 3. But sense 1 synonym "job" doesn't appear. And examples of "having problems", "urban problems" not source. Urban problems are concrete issues; but here "problems at home" are existing woes. Could also be state.

Let's examine sense 3 examples closely: "one trouble after another delayed the job" where "trouble" and "problem" refer to things/events causing delay. The context: Deutsche Bank is facing multiple difficulties: uproar around CEO (source), and now USA fine (another source). The phrase "problems at home were not already enough" meaning they are sources of difficulty/annoyance. Sense 3's definition "a source of difficulty" matches better than a state. If I say "I have problems at home", that might be sense 1 (personal difficulties). But for an organization, "problems at home" in news = domestic troubles/issues. Then "trouble" in title aligns with sense 3.

What about sense 1 example "she and her husband are having problems"? That's about relationship problems. The phrase "problems at home" in that sense would mean issues in the domestic setting. Here "home" means Germany, domestic market, not the residential home. The sense 1 examples don't include national/domestic. Sense 1 "urban problems" are broader issue conditions. Hmm. Domestic problems could be sense 1.

Could there be a systematic disambiguation rule: when "problem" is used in "have/having problems" or "face problems", often sense 1? "faces problems" physically? The target phrase "As if the problems at home..." no verb "have" but static noun. The co-occurring words: "fine", "trouble", "uproar", "disputes", "bankruptcy", "financial crisis", "issue". These are all negative occurrences. Synonym "job" (sense 1) appears nowhere.

Let's compare with possible annotated choices from SemCor? Not possible. But maybe this is from a dataset where they want sense 3 because synonym "trouble" appears. Let's reason further using definitions:
- sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved." The whole situation for Deutsche Bank is a state of difficulty; but "the problems at home" are particular problematic situations. However, a state is a condition or situation, which needs resolution. The US fine is a dispute to settle, and the home problems also need resolving? Maybe yes: Ackermann uproar.
- sense 3: "a source of difficulty." The Ackermann uproar is a source, and the USA past is another source. "Fresh trouble is following..." also source. This is plausible.

Can we find a distinguishing test: If you say "what's the problem?" you expect an explanation of cause. If you say "she and her husband are having problems" you describe their difficult situation. Our target: "problems at home were not already enough" — what are they? The Ackermann uproar and domestic issues. They are causing difficulty. But we can paraphrase as "the difficulties at home were already enough". In WordNet, what sense of problem is "difficulty"? Sense 1 definition includes difficulty. Sense 3 includes difficulty. Sense 3 phrase "source of difficulty" means something that causes difficulty. The "Ackermann uproar" is a source of difficulty. The word "problems" refers to these sources, not just the state. The plural countable "problems" in this use often means "thing causing difficulty" (e.g., "one problem after another"). Example sense 3's "one trouble after another". So I'd lean sense 3.

But let's not be too hasty. The instruction says "Do not hedge. Choose single best indexed sense." Must return JSON.

Let's examine the candidate order and indexes: 1 state, 2 question, 3 source. Index 3 is likely chosen by the setters because of synonym "trouble" in context. The context title: "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar..." This strongly uses trouble as a noun. They included "synonyms=trouble" for sense 3. So likely answer 3.

However, WSD systems might tag "problems" in this context as sense 1. Let's search memory: Princeton WordNet examples for "problem" sense 1: "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog". Here "problems" are difficulties in a city. The phrase "problems at home" similar to urban problems. But sense 1 gloss says state of difficulty, examples "having problems". Both are general. Many WSD corpora assign "problem" in news like "the problem of ..." to sense 1 maybe. Example from WN: "the problem of poverty" sense? Possibly sense 3? Let's think of WordNet more: The distinction between state of difficulty and source of difficulty is subtle. In usage, "problem" mostly means a source of difficulty or difficulty. Lexicographically, sense 3 is a subsense under cognition? It might be used with "what's the problem?" Example: "I have a problem"—is that state or source? In the examples 1: "she and her husband are having problems" sense 1. Why not sense 3? Because there the problems are relationship difficulties. Sense 3 "one trouble after another delayed the job" more eventative source. The headline "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar" is like "one trouble after another". So target in parallel should be sense 3.

Also semantically, sense 3 noun.cognition vs sense 1 noun.state. Does "problems at home" denote a mental entity? No. Hmm.

Let's check WordNet hierarchy: problem%1:26:00:: is state; hypernyms maybe difficulty? problem%1:09:00:: (source) hypernyms may be "difficulty". Actually "source of difficulty" hypernym is "cognitive content"? Wait lexname cognition might map mental objects. But it's a thing causing difficulty. Fine.

Which one is more common in general? Sense 1 is most common. Could be default. But context disambiguates: "trouble" synonym suggests sense 3. Let's think if a phrase "the problems at home were not already enough" is likely used in collocation with sense 1. Example: "they have problems at home" would be sense 1. The construction "the problems at home" with definite article, not "having problems". "the problems at home were not already enough"—these are existing difficulties (state). Hmm. It might be a clear match to sense 1 as "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". The synonym job doesn't fit; synonyms are not required.

The surrounding sentence: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it." If we replace "problems" with "troubles" or "difficulties", the meaning stays. Both sense 1 and 3 map to difficulty/trouble. Which sense would WordNet assign to "the problems"? Let's look at a WSD benchmark perhaps from Senseval/SEM. This sentence maybe from GermaVal? Actually the text is German news translation, perhaps from a dataset for WSD. I could simulate an annotator: Would an English speaker distinguish "state of difficulty" vs "source of difficulty" here? The phrase "problems at home" are sources? They are negative events (uproar). But also states. Honestly both are plausible; we need commit.

Let's analyze exact definitions including hypernyms maybe from WordNet:
Sense 1: "problem, job -- (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; 'she and her husband are having problems'; 'it is always a job to contact him'; 'urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog')". Hypernyms: difficulty. Synonym "job" used in informal sense. This sense is abstract condition. It can be modified by "urban" etc.
Sense 3: "problem, trouble -- (a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?')". Hypernyms maybe "difficulty"? Actually a source of difficulty is a kind of thing. The example "what's the problem?" asks what thing is wrong.

Test: "our problems are due to bad management" -> source? could be sense 3. "we have problems at home" -> state? sense 1. The target has "the problems at home were not already enough". This is closer to "we have problems" than "what's the problem?" But it says were not enough, not "having problems". The phrase is the nominal subject like "the problems at home" (the existing problematic circumstances). I sense state.

However, note examples: "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog". Here "urban problems" are not a state? They are sources of difficulty? In the example, traffic and smog cause difficulty. Yet it's sense 1. Sense 1 can refer to concrete issues too. So "problems at home" (Ackermann uproar, etc.) analogous to "urban problems". Therefore sense 1 is possible.

Let's search memory: In WordNet, example "urban problems" is sense 1 (difficulties in cities). Therefore "problems at home" = domestic difficulties likely sense 1. The sense 3 examples are more specific to "source" and use "trouble". But headline uses "trouble" (not target). Could be an intentional distractor to push toward sense 3, but the collocational pattern "problems at home" might be sense 1.

We need decide. Let's break down the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." We should consider synonyms. For sense 1, synonyms=job, not relevant; examples include "having problems" and "urban problems". For sense 3, synonyms=trouble; examples include "one trouble after another" and "what's the problem?". The target context has "trouble" nearby, and "problems at home" are not explicitly "having problems". The synonym link "trouble" is strong and visible. Examples in sense 3 cover a sequence of troubles: headline "Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar"; sentence "As if the problems at home were not already enough ... past ... catching up" -> sequence. This aligns well.

Sense 1 examples: "she and her husband are having problems" is about personal relationships; "urban problems" about city issues. The target is about a bank's domestic issues, more similar to "urban problems" perhaps, but "urban problems" listed alongside "traffic congestion and smog" are concrete public issues. "problems at home" for Deutsche Bank = uproar around CEO maybe not a state of difficulty? Hmm.

Let's model as a classification with clues:
- Context word "trouble" -> sense 3 support due to synonym.
- The AB phrase "were not already enough" -> idiom with "problems/troubles" not strongly either.
- Plural "problems" + "at home" -> similar to "having problems at home" sense 1 maybe.
- Domain: financial news -> state of difficulty common.
- The following clause "the industry giant's past ... is now also catching up with it" frames home problems as one issue among a series; sense 3 example one trouble after another.
I think the test includes "trouble" in context because they want sense 3. They emphasize synonyms.

But wait, problem%1:09:00:: definition "a source of difficulty" synonyms trouble. The example "what's the problem?" asks for cause. The synonym "trouble" appears as "Fresh trouble". The target "problems" in that same semantic chain. This is likely intended answer.

Let's verify how WSD typically treats "problem(s)" in collocations with "trouble". In SemCor, sentence: "They have had problems." Usually sense 1. But "trouble" synonym not in same context. Here it is. However, adjacent "trouble" might make sense 3 too easy? It's okay.

Let's examine if sense 1 is truly a better semantic fit. The definition says "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved". Is the Ackermann uproar a state needing resolution? The bank's reputation issue maybe. The US fine is to "settle disputes". The home problems, not necessarily needing resolution; they are just there. The definition "source of difficulty" only says it causes difficulty. Since these events (uproar) are a source, sense 3 seems more apt.

Additionally, "fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann" - the trouble is the uproar; "the problems at home" refer to this trouble. In WordNet, "trouble" is a synonym of "problem" sense 3, not sense 1. So "problems" here is equivalent to "trouble(s)". That supports sense 3. If it were sense 1, "job" synonym not used; but "trouble" not synonym either. Actually sense 1 hypernym difficulty; "trouble" also hypernym difficulty. But synonyms listed are job.

Given the instruction says "use synonyms", candidate 3 explicitly lists trouble. This is decisive.

Therefore final answer: {"sense_index": 3}.

Need ensure output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. No extra text. Good.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: home
Target surface form: home
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at <t>home</t> were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=home%1:15:04:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=place | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
2. sense_key=home%1:06:00:: | definition=housing that someone is living in | synonyms=dwelling, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house | examples=he built a modest dwelling near the pond; they raise money to provide homes for the homeless
3. sense_key=home%1:15:02:: | definition=the country or state or city where you live | examples=Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at home; his home is New Jersey
4. sense_key=home%1:06:02:: | definition=(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score | synonyms=home plate, home base, plate | examples=he ruled that the runner failed to touch home
5. sense_key=home%1:15:05:: | definition=the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end | synonyms=base
6. sense_key=home%1:15:03:: | definition=place where something began and flourished | examples=the United States is the home of basketball
7. sense_key=home%1:26:00:: | definition=an environment offering affection and security | examples=home is where the heart is; he grew up in a good Christian home
8. sense_key=home%1:14:00:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, house, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
9. sense_key=home%1:06:01:: | definition=an institution where people are cared for | synonyms=nursing home, rest home | examples=a home for the elderly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target "home" in context sentence: "As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it." Here "home" means domestic country (Germany/Frankfurt) as opposed to USA. Candidate sense 3: the country or state or city where you live. That fits. Need output JSON only. Ensure exactly {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: industry
Target surface form: industry
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the <t>industry</t> giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=industry%1:14:00:: | definition=the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise | examples=each industry has its own trade publications
2. sense_key=industry%1:04:00:: | definition=the organized action of making of goods and services for sale | synonyms=manufacture | examples=American industry is making increased use of computers to control production
3. sense_key=industry%1:07:00:: | definition=persevering determination to perform a task | synonyms=diligence, industriousness | examples=his diligence won him quick promotions; frugality and industry are still regarded as virtues

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON. Must choose single best sense for target "industry" in provided context: phrase "the industry giant's past in the USA". Deutsche Bank is a financial/banking industry giant. Sense 1 definition: the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise. Example: each industry has its own trade publications. That fits Deutsche Bank as part of the banking industry. Sense 2 organized action of making goods and services for sale; manufacture. Not right for a bank. Sense 3 diligence. Not right. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text. The required JSON format. Return only JSON.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: giant
Target surface form: giant
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry <t>giant</t>'s past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=giant%1:05:00:: | definition=any creature of exceptional size
2. sense_key=giant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person of exceptional importance and reputation | synonyms=colossus, behemoth, heavyweight, titan
3. sense_key=giant%1:14:00:: | definition=an unusually large enterprise | examples=Walton built a retail giant
4. sense_key=giant%1:18:03:: | definition=a very large person; impressive in size or qualities | synonyms=hulk, heavyweight, whale
5. sense_key=giant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful | synonyms=goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus
6. sense_key=giant%1:18:02:: | definition=an imaginary figure of superhuman size and strength; appears in folklore and fairy tales
7. sense_key=giant%1:17:00:: | definition=a very bright star of large diameter and low density (relative to the Sun) | synonyms=giant star

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about Deutsche Bank, described as an "industry giant." The target "giant" refers to a large, important company in the banking industry. Among the candidate senses: sense 1 is a creature, not applicable. Sense 2 is a person of exceptional importance and reputation. Sense 3 is an unusually large enterprise, with an example "Walton built a retail giant." This fits perfectly: Deutsche Bank is an industry giant (enterprise). Sense 4 is a very large person. Sense 5 is something abnormally large and powerful (could metaphorically apply, but sense 3 specifically captures "enterprise"). Sense 6 is imaginary figure. Sense 7 is star. The best choice is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: usa
Target surface form: USA
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the <t>USA</t> is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=usa%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, US
2. sense_key=usa%1:14:00:: | definition=the army of the United States of America; the agency that organizes and trains soldiers for land warfare | synonyms=United States Army, US Army, Army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "USA" in the context refers to the country, the United States of America. The context is about Deutsche Bank paying a fine in the USA (country), not the army. Therefore, the best sense is sense 1, which defines USA as the North American republic.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dollar
Target surface form: dollars
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million <t>dollars</t> (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dollar%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents
2. sense_key=dollar%1:21:00:: | definition=a piece of paper money worth one dollar | synonyms=dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam
3. sense_key=dollar%1:21:01:: | definition=a United States coin worth one dollar | examples=the dollar coin has never been popular in the United States
4. sense_key=dollar%1:10:00:: | definition=a symbol of commercialism or greed | synonyms=dollar mark, dollar sign | examples=he worships the almighty dollar; the dollar sign means little to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "dollars" in the given context. Let me analyze carefully.

Context: "Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes..."

Target surface form: dollars
Target lemma: dollar

The phrase "145 million dollars" clearly refers to a monetary amount, not to physical paper money, coins, or a symbol of commercialism.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. dollar%1:23:00:: - "the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents"
2. dollar%1:21:00:: - "a piece of paper money worth one dollar" (synonyms: dollar bill, one dollar bill, buck, clam)
3. dollar%1:21:01:: - "a United States coin worth one dollar" (example: "the dollar coin has never been popular...")
4. dollar%1:10:00:: - "a symbol of commercialism or greed" (synonyms: dollar mark, dollar sign)

In the context "145 million dollars (106 million Euros)", we're talking about a sum of money in the abstract monetary unit sense. This matches sense 1: "the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents".

Sense 2 refers to a specific piece of paper currency (a dollar bill/buck/clam), which doesn't fit a multi-million dollar amount being transferred as a settlement. Sense 3 refers to a coin. Sense 4 is about symbols/commercialism, which is completely wrong here.

The best indexed sense is 1. {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dispute
Target surface form: disputes
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle <t>disputes</t> arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dispute%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=difference, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
2. sense_key=dispute%1:04:00:: | definition=coming into conflict with | synonyms=contravention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target lemma dispute surface disputes. Context: Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars to settle disputes arising from bankruptcy... financial crisis. Candidate senses: 1 noun communication? sense key dispute%1:10:00:: definition disagreement or argument about something important, examples had dispute with wife. 2 sense key dispute%1:04:00:: definition coming into conflict with; synonyms contravention. Need choose. Settle disputes = resolve disagreements/arguments. Sense 1. The %1:10:00 is noun communication maybe a disagreement. %1:04:00 is noun act? Actually coming into conflict with, maybe contravention. Here settle disputes = legal disagreements. So best sense 1. Return JSON only exactly like {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bankruptcy
Target surface form: bankruptcy
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the <t>bankruptcy</t> of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of complete lack of some abstract property | examples=spiritual bankruptcy; moral bankruptcy
2. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:26:00:: | definition=inability to discharge all your debts as they come due | synonyms=failure | examples=the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks
3. sense_key=bankruptcy%1:04:00:: | definition=a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for target "bankruptcy". Need choose one of three senses. We must return JSON only {"sense_index": int}. Let's reason.

Context: "Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars ... to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. Issue centers on sale of mortgage securities." This is about legal/financial failure of credit unions. Candidate senses:
1. abstract property lacking (spiritual bankruptcy, moral bankruptcy). Not fitting.
2. inability to discharge all debts as they come due; synonyms failure; example "the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks". Could fit financial collapse.
3. legal process intended to insure equality among creditors of a corporation declared insolvent. Example? "the company filed for bankruptcy". Context phrase "bankruptcy of five major credit unions". Could mean the legal process insolvency or the state.
Need decide between 2 and 3. Let's compare WordNet senses. Usually "bankruptcy" has senses: (1) state of lacking abstract property (moral bankruptcy) [1:26:01], (2) inability to discharge debts [1:26:00], (3) legal proceeding [1:04:00]. In context of five major credit unions during the financial crisis, "arising from the bankruptcy" likely means their insolvency/financial failure and perhaps legal process. The phrase "bankruptcy of five major credit unions" may refer to the institutions' financial collapse, not specifically to the legal process. However "bankruptcy" as a legal process is often used to refer to the state/proceedings. Need infer from WordNet: sense 2 is "inability to discharge all your debts as they come due" (noun state), synonyms=failure. Examples include "the company had to declare bankruptcy" - interesting "declare bankruptcy" could be either legal or state. Sense 3 is a legal process, intended to insure equality among creditors. Synonyms maybe? not given. Example? Usually "involuntary bankruptcy". In context of a bank paying fines due to the bankruptcy of credit unions from mortgage securities, likely meaning their financial failure/insolvency. "five major credit unions" being entities declared bankrupt, disputes arising from that. Is that sense 2 or 3? We need choose single best.

Let's examine subtlety: "to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions" - Deutsche Bank settled disputes with the NCUA over claims related to the failure/conservatorship/bankruptcy of credit unions. In real news from 2011: "Deutsche Bank to pay $145m to settle claims over credit union collapse." The term used in context maybe "failure" not legal "bankruptcy" because credit unions in US may not file bankruptcy (they are placed into conservatorship/liquidation by NCUA). But the sentence uses " bankruptcy". If they refer to collapse, sense 2. Because "bankruptcy" as inability to pay debts. The legal process sense is more specific to formal proceedings, but the context is not about equality among creditors; it's about disputes caused by the collapse.

The instruction says use context, examples, synonyms. Example sense 2: "the company had to declare bankruptcy; fraudulent loans led to the failure of many banks". This fits "financial crisis" with "failure of many banks". Synonym failure matches "credit unions failure". Sense 3 example maybe "bankruptcy proceedings". Here "arising from the bankruptcy" maybe "legal process" but less likely. Since they want one best, likely index 2.

Check if there is a possible issue: target surface form is "bankruptcy". The phrase "the bankruptcy of five major credit unions" could be actual bankruptcy of the credit unions. In WordNet, "bankruptcy" as a legal process is "a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared to be insolvent." A credit union is a type of corporation/credit institution? It could be involved in bankruptcy proceedings. But "arising from the bankruptcy" - legal process or state. Let me search memory: Original sentence probably from a news summary: "Deutsche Bank AG has agreed to pay $145 million to settle claims from the five corporate credit unions that failed during the financial crisis." Actually the NCUA sued banks over mortgage securities sold to five corporate credit unions that failed. The translation used 'bankruptcy' of five major credit unions. In German maybe "Insolvenz". The WordNet sense 2 is "inability to discharge all your debts as they come due" with synonyms "failure". This matches "the five major credit unions were insolvent/failed". Sense 3 is a specific legal process; credit unions do not go through bankruptcy in same way, so sense 2 is more general and correct.

Thus choose sense_index 2.

Output only JSON: {"sense_index": 2}.

Need no extra explanation. The system says return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issue
Context:
Deutsche Bank pays multi-million pound fine in the USA Fresh trouble is following hard on the heels of the uproar around Josef Ackermann, CEO of Deutsche Bank: Deutsche Bank faces a multi-million pound fine in the USA. As if the problems at home were not already enough for Deutsche Bank, the industry giant's past in the USA is now also catching up with it. Frankfurt-based Deutsche Bank will pay 145 million dollars (106 million Euros) to settle disputes arising from the bankruptcy of five major credit unions during the financial crisis. The <t>issue</t> centres on the sale of mortgage securities. The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), a financial market regulator, accuses a string of major banks of having used false promises to mislead credit unions into buying the financial products.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON sense_index. Need choose best sense for "issue" in context. Let's analyze sentence: "The issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities." In context of Deutsche Bank fine, disputes over mortgage securities. "Issue" refers to matter/topic in dispute. Candidate senses: 1 important question that is in dispute and must be settled; 3 situation/event thought about (topic subject matter). Synonyms topic subject matter. Which is best? The phrase "the issue centres on the sale..." means the matter/subject at hand. It's a question in dispute and must be settled. Both 1 and 3 plausible. Sense 1 is important question that is in dispute and must be settled. Sense 3 is some situation or event that is thought about. Context mentions disputes, accusations; an important question in dispute. The phrase "The issue centres on..." common for "the subject/matter". In WSD, "issue" as topic often sense 1? Let's check WordNet senses mapping. issue%1:09:01 = "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled". issue%1:09:00 = "some situation or event that is thought about" synonyms topic, subject, matter. In this context, because there's a dispute, fine, legal accusations, it's an important question in dispute. However, "the issue centres on the sale of mortgage securities" is more neutral matter/topic. But WordNet gloss of 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled". The context is exactly a dispute. Also "the issue could be settled" example. It is about something needing settlement. I think sense 1 is better than 3 due to dispute. Let's ensure no other sense: issue as issuance? No. As supplies? No. As offspring? No. So choose index 1. Need return only JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.