[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developed
Context:
They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, <t>developed</t> when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose single best indexed sense for target word "developed" in the provided context. Need output JSON {"sense_index": X}. Need analyze sentence: "The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged." It's about a tumor arising/coming into existence as a result of the second copy being damaged. Candidate senses:

1. develop%2:36:01 make something new (product/mental/artistic creation) - tumor isn't made intentionally like product.
2. develop%2:36:00 work out - no.
3. develop%2:30:06 gain through experience - no.
4. develop%2:29:00 come to have or undergo a change of physical features and attributes; often acquire symptoms/disease. Example "The patient developed abdominal pains". Tumor developed could be "The tumor developed" meaning came to exist/undergo change. But subject is tumor not person. It could mean tumor arose/grew. Compare.
5. develop%2:42:00 come into existence; take on form or shape; synonyms originate, arise, rise, spring up, grow. Example: A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship. This fits tumor came into existence when second copy damaged. "Developed" intransitive came into being. Good.
6. change use of land - no.
7. elaborate theories - no.
8. training - no.
9. be gradually disclosed/unfolded - plot developed - not exact.
10. grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through process of evolution/natural growth. Example "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower." Tumor developed could be natural growth. But key is "developed when second copy also was damaged" suggests event of genesis/formation.
11. become technologically advanced - no.
12. cause to grow and differentiate - transitive with perfect climate. no.
13. generate gradually - potential customers - transitive.
14. grow emotionally - no.
15. film - no.
16. geometry - no.
17/18 chess - no.
19 music - no.
20 happen synonyms break, recrudesce; Report news as it develops. Less likely for tumor.
21 math series - no.

Between sense index 5 (develop%2:42:00 come into existence; take on form or shape) and 4 (come to have physical features and attributes; patient developed abdominal pains) and 10 (grow/natural growth). The clause "The tumor ... developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged" says tumor originated/arose/was formed due to damage. In biomedical context, tumors develop (arise). WordNet's sense 2:42:00 is "come into existence; take on form or shape" with synonyms originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow. That is exactly "tumor developed". Need check mapping of index numbers: candidate list enumerated 1..21. Item 5 is sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: (come into existence). Item 4 is physical attributes include disease symptoms. Item 10 is process/growth.

Which is best? Let's see examples of sense 4: "He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains". This is when an entity (person/animal) comes to have physical feature or symptom. Subject is patient. Here subject is tumor; tumor developed (came into existence). Not a person acquiring a feature. So sense 5.

But maybe WordNet's "develop" for tumor in sentences like "A flower developed on the branch" is sense 10 (grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment). Tumor is a growth. But in context, "the tumor, he suggested, developed when the second normal copy also was damaged" emphasizes origination event due to a condition, not gradual growth process. Lexically "developed" intransitive can mean "came into being" (sense 5) or "progressed/grew" (sense 10). Let's inspect sense 5 examples: "A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship". It has synonym "grow" too. Gloss: come into existence; take on form or shape. That fits.

Sense 10: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve... examples "The country developed into a mighty superpower; A flower developed on the branch". Flower is part of plant, arises. Tumor is like flower? Could be. The phrase "when the second normal copy also was damaged" is a causal condition for the tumor to develop. Both sense 5 and 10 allow causal condition. Need choose single best.

Let's examine the definitions more: 2:42:00 is likely the verb sense "originate, arise, ...". In WordNet, this is in Frames file? It often used for "develop a rash"? Actually "develop" with physical symptoms is 2:29:00 (come to have or undergo a change of physical features and attributes). Let's not confuse. For "A flower developed on the branch", WordNet lists under develop.v.06 perhaps "develop, ... (come into existence, take shape)". Let me recall WordNet senses:

- develop.v.01: make or work out a plan, etc. (elaborate by political and economic theories? Actually develop v.01 generate? Need not recall.
But we have the list.

Given the context: "The tumor... developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged." This is about the origin of tumor, consistent with "come into existence; take on form or shape." So index 5. Need output only JSON {"sense_index": 5}.

Double-check no subtle nuance: The candidates are indexed starting at 1, not using sense_key offsets. The desired output is sense_index integer. For develop%2:42:00, it's the 5th candidate. So answer {"sense_index": 5}.

Need return only JSON object exactly. Done.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: second
Context:
They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the <t>second</t>, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. sense_key=second%3:00:00:: | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for target "second" in context. Candidate senses: 1 ordinal (coming next after first), 2 musical part lower in pitch. Context: "The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged." Here "second" refers to the second copy (of two copies) of a gene, ordinal. Not musical. So index 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Cloudflare

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: normal
Target surface form: normal
Context:
They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, <t>normal</t> copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=normal%3:00:01:: | definition=conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal | examples=serve wine at normal room temperature; normal diplomatic relations
2. sense_key=normal%3:00:02:: | definition=in accordance with scientific laws
3. sense_key=normal%3:00:03:: | definition=being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=a perfectly normal child; of normal intelligence
4. sense_key=normal%5:00:00:perpendicular:00 | definition=forming a right angle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON sense_index. Need choose best indexed sense. Target 'normal' in sentence: 'infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.' This means the gene copy is undamaged, conforming to standard/normal allele. Among candidate senses: 1 = conforming with norm/standard/level/type; not abnormal. 2 = scientific laws. 3 = approx average within certain limits in intelligence/development. 4 = perpendicular. Context biology gene; normal copy vs damaged. Best is sense 1: conforming with norm/standard; not abnormal. So {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal <t>copy</t> also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "copy" in context. Context: genetics, gene copy. "inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other." This is biological copy of a gene, an allele. Candidate senses are all noun senses: written record reproduction, thing made similar, matter to be printed, material suitable for journalism. None match biological allele. But must choose single best among given. Which schematic gloss best fits? "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" maybe a gene copy is a duplicate/replica of the gene. In genetics, a copy of a gene refers to one of the two alleles/versions, similar/identical to another. Sense 2 examples: she made a copy of designer dress; clone was copy of ancestor. That is closest: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. Sense 1 is reproduction of written record. Not. Sense 3 written matter. Not. Sense 4 journalistic copy. Not. So answer index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was <t>damaged</t>. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense. Context: genetics, gene copy damaged. Definition harmed/injured/spoiled vs disrepute. Obviously sense 1: harmed or injured or spoiled (a damaged copy of a gene). Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no <t>way</t> to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need select best sense for "way" in sentence: "But there was no <t>way</t> to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory." Lemma way. Candidate senses. Need decide single best index.

Let's parse the context. "there was no way to prove" means no method/means to prove it. Sense 1: how something is done or how it happens (manner, mode, style, fashion). "Her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking." That's about the manner/style, not means. Sense 2: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; synonyms means, agency; examples "a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction." This is exactly "no means to prove" or "no way to obtain a result". In WordNet, way%1:04:01 is instrumentality? Actually synset "way, means, agency: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved". So "there was no way to prove" = no means available to obtain proof. That's sense 2. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 2}.

But let's check if sense 1 could be "way to prove" as in method manner "how something is done." The phrase "way to prove" can be ambiguous: no manner of proving? But in WSD typical annotation, "there is no way to ..." is often sense 1 or 2? Let's inspect WordNet senses. way noun has many. "means" sense is way%1:04:01::. "how something is done" is way%1:07:01::. In SemCor? Phrase "no way" sometimes mapped to sense 1? We need determine.

Definitions:
1. how something is done or how it happens. Synonyms: manner, mode, style, fashion. This refers to the manner in which something is done. Example "mortality is a function of..."? "a way of life"? Actually "her dignified manner" style.
2. how a result is obtained or an end is achieved. Synonyms: means, agency. Example "a means of control".
The sentence: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory." It's about proving (achieving result/proof). There was no method/means available. The "way to prove" = method by which a result (proof) can be obtained. This fits means/agency (sense 2). It could also be "way" as manner/method perhaps sense 1. But synonym "means" is stronger. The phrase "no way to do something" generally means no method (means). WordNet sense 2 examples "a means of control" etc. So answer: sense_index 2.

Need only JSON object exactly. Ensure no extra.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prove
Target surface form: prove
Context:
Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to <t>prove</t> Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prove%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=turn out, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
2. sense_key=prove%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=demonstrate, establish, show, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=prove%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, evidence, show | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=prove%2:31:02:: | definition=prove formally; demonstrate by a mathematical, formal proof
5. sense_key=prove%2:41:03:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=test, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
6. sense_key=prove%2:38:01:: | definition=increase in volume | synonyms=rise | examples=the dough rose slowly in the warm room
7. sense_key=prove%2:38:00:: | definition=cause to puff up with a leaven | synonyms=raise, leaven | examples=unleavened bread
8. sense_key=prove%2:36:00:: | definition=take a trial impression of
9. sense_key=prove%2:31:01:: | definition=obtain probate of | examples=prove a will

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need determine best sense. Let's analyze. Target lemma prove, surface form prove. Context: researchers say tumor suppressor genes. There is evidence... story back to 1970s when Knudson proposed retinoblastoma from two separate genetic defects. He theorized... The tumor developed when second copy damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit" theory. Back then scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes.

Here prove means establish validity of theory through experiment/evidence. Candidate 2: establish the validity of something, as by example, explanation or experiment. Synonyms demonstrate, establish, show. Candidate 3: provide evidence for, testify. Candidate 4 formal proof. Candidate 5 test/try. In scientific context, "prove a theory"? It could be sense 2 or 3. " prove" in science often "demonstrate the validity or truth of a statement, especially by giving evidence or arguments" WordNet sense 2. The phrase "no way to prove Dr. Knudson's theory" = no way to demonstrate/establish its validity. Could be "provide evidence for"? Because theory had no way to be validated/is an explanation. But note gloss 2 specifically includes establish validity by examples/explanations/experiments. That fits. Example "The experiment demonstrated the instability". Here they had no way to ferret out genes.Thus sense_index 2. Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: theory
Target surface form: theory
Context:
Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "<t>theory</t>. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=theory%1:09:00:: | definition=a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena | examples=theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses; true in fact and theory
2. sense_key=theory%1:09:01:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, possibility | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
3. sense_key=theory%1:09:02:: | definition=a belief that can guide behavior | examples=the architect has a theory that more is less; they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "theory" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The relevant sentence is: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory."

Context: Dr. Knudson proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized about how the eye cancer develops. But there was no way to prove his "two-hit" theory.

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. theory%1:09:00:: - "a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena"
   Examples: "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses; true in fact and theory"
   This is the established, proven, well-substantiated sense.

2. theory%1:09:01:: - "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena"
   Synonyms: hypothesis, possibility
   Examples: "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
   This is the unverified/proposed explanation sense.

3. theory%1:09:02:: - "a belief that can guide behavior"
   Examples: "the architect has a theory that more is less; they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
   This is about guiding behavior/beliefs.

In the context, Dr. Knudson's "two-hit" theory was proposed but couldn't be proven at the time ("But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory"). The text says "He theorized" - this indicates a tentative explanation, a hypothesis. The phrase "no way to prove" clearly indicates it was not yet verified.

The best fit is sense 2: "a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena" with synonyms hypothesis, possibility.

Sense 1 would be for an established, well-substantiated theory, but here it's explicitly described as unproven. Sense 3 is about behavior-guiding beliefs, which doesn't fit the scientific context.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: Back
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. <t>Back</t> then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%4:02:04:: | definition=in or to or toward a former location | examples=she went back to her parents' house
2. sense_key=back%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or toward the back or rear | synonyms=backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards | examples=he moved back; tripped when he stepped backward
3. sense_key=back%4:02:05:: | definition=in or to or toward an original condition | examples=he went back to sleep
4. sense_key=back%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to or toward a past time | synonyms=backward | examples=set the clocks back an hour; never look back
5. sense_key=back%4:02:06:: | definition=in reply | examples=he wrote back three days later
6. sense_key=back%4:02:03:: | definition=in repayment or retaliation | examples=we paid back everything we had borrowed; he hit me and I hit him back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for word "Back" as separate token in context. Need choose among candidate sense indexes 1-6. The context: "Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes..." The phrase "Back then" means in the past/at that previous time. Candidate senses are adverb senses (4:02). Index mapping:
1 definition=in or to or toward a former location
2 at or to or toward the back or rear
3 in or to or toward an original condition
4 in or to or toward a past time (syn backward) examples set clocks back; never look back
5 in reply
6 in repayment/retaliation
"Back then" corresponds to sense 4: in or to or toward a past time. Thus answer JSON {"sense_index": 4}. Need only JSON. No hedging.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: then
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back <t>then</t>, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the target word "then" in the provided context. I need to choose the best sense from the 3 candidates and return only a JSON object with the sense index.

Let me analyze the context:
"Back <t>then</t>, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes..."

The phrase "Back then" is very important here. It refers to a previous time period (the 1970s, as mentioned earlier in the paragraph).

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. then%4:02:00:: = subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors); examples: "then he left", "go left first, then right"
2. then%4:02:02:: = in that case or as a consequence; examples: "if he didn't take it, then who did?", "keep it then if you want to"
3. then%4:02:01:: = at that time; examples: "I was young then", "prices were lower back then"

The example for sense 3 explicitly includes "back then": "prices were lower back then". This matches our target context perfectly. "Back then" is an idiomatic expression referring to "at that time."

So the best sense is sense 3.

The user instructs: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

I should output just that JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no <t>way</t> of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma way, surface form way in context. Must choose single best indexed sense. Need output JSON {"sense_index": int}. User provides candidate senses numbered 1 to 12. Need choose which.

Let's parse context. "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's 'two-hit' theory. Back then, scientists had no <t>way</t> of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see ..."

The target is "way" in "scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes". Means there was no method, means, manner to do something? Let's inspect candidate senses.

1: how something is done or how it happens; synonyms manner, mode, style, fashion. E.g. "her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking". This can fit "no way of ferreting out" = no method/manner.

2: how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; synonyms means, agency. E.g. "a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction". This fits "no way of ferreting out" strongly: no means, no method to achieve the end. Which sense is best? WordNet for "way" often has " means, agency" sense for "a means of control". There is also sense 1: "how something is done or manner" maybe closer to "in the same way". Expressions: "way to prove" / "way of doing" can be ambiguous between manner vs means. In WordNet, "way%1:04:01" specifically is "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved". The phrase "way of V-ing" (e.g., a way of solving the problem) often maps to sense 2 means. The phrase preceding: "no way to prove Dr. Knudson's theory" -> no way to prove = no method. "no way of ferreting out specific genes" -> no method/means of discovering. That is sense 2. However, sense 1 examples: "his rapid manner of talking". "Manner of talking" vs "way of ferreting". In WSD, "way of + gerund" tends to be sense 2 (means, method) maybe. Let's verify by WordNet sense mapping. way noun senses:
way%1:04:01 - way, means, agency - how a result is obtained or an end is achieved. Example: "a means of control"; "an example is the best agency of instruction".
way%1:07:01 - manner, mode, style, way, fashion - how something is done or how it happens. Example: "her dignified manner"; "his rapid manner of talking"; "their nomadic mode of existence"; "in the characteristic New York style"; "a lonely way of life"; "in an abrasive fashion". Hmm WordNet examples for manner include "his rapid manner of talking" and "a lonely way of life". This is broad.
way%1:04:02 - way - journey or passage.
way%1:15:00 - direction, way.
etc.

The phrase "have no way of doing sth" idiom likely use sense 2: no means/method. There is also sense 1 "way of life". Specifically "way of ferreting out genes" means a method of achieving result. I'd lean sense 2. But let's be careful. The instructions say WordNet glosses schematic; use context, synonyms, examples together. "scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes". What is way? Synonyms manner, mode, style, fashion vs means, agency. Means/agency strongly fit. In current semcor maybe annotation? Let's approximate manually.

Potential alternate: sense 2 specifically definition "how a result is obtained or an end is achieved". The end is ferreting out specific genes; there was no method to obtain this. Thus best sense index 2.

Need ensure JSON format exactly {"sense_index": 2}. No extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could <t>see</t> the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma see, surface form see, context. Need choose best indexed sense from 24 candidates. Return JSON. We must not include explanation, just JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Need reason internally then output.

Context: Scientific text about genetics. The sentence with target: "Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could <t>see</t> the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible."

So see used as visual perception via microscope, perceive by sight. Candidate 1 = perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight. Examples: "Can you see the bird in that tree?" This fits. Candidate 7 = see or watch (view a show, watch). The sentence is not about watching an event, but perceive objects visually. Candidate 20 = inspect/examine (I must see your passport), perhaps also under microscope observation, but here see is literal vision. Candidate 17 = see and understand, have a good eye (The artist must first learn to see). Maybe "could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes" is perceiving with microscope, not understand visual form. Best is sense 1. Need index as per list: 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object. Use final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pair
Target surface form: pairs
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 <t>pairs</t> of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pair%1:14:01:: | definition=a set of two similar things considered as a unit | synonyms=brace
2. sense_key=pair%1:23:00:: | definition=two items of the same kind | synonyms=couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke
3. sense_key=pair%1:14:00:: | definition=two people considered as a unit
4. sense_key=pair%1:14:02:: | definition=a poker hand with 2 cards of the same value

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer only JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need decide best indexed sense for "pairs" in phrase "23 pairs of chromosomes". WordNet senses:
1. pair%1:14:01:: a set of two similar things considered as a unit (syn brace)
2. pair%1:23:00:: two items of the same kind (syn couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke)
3. pair%1:14:00:: two people considered as a unit
4. pair%1:14:02:: poker hand.
The chromosome pairs are two homologous chromosomes considered as a unit. That aligns with sense 1 (set of two similar things considered as a unit). Sense 2 is "two items of the same kind", more like a couple/duo, often of people? Actually noun sense 14 vs 23. WordNet noun group? Let's inspect: pair%1:14:00 is group noun: two people considered as a unit. pair%1:14:01: a set of two similar things considered as a unit. pair%1:23:00: two items of the same kind (quantity?五个人?). Actually %1:23 is noun quantity? Let me recall. WordNet synset offsets: pair 1:14:00 - (n) pair, brace (a set of two similar things considered as a unit); pair 1:14:01 - pair, couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke (two items of the same kind)? Wait the candidate labels may be reversed in prompt? In user list:
1. sense_key=pair%1:14:01:: | definition=a set of two similar things considered as a unit | synonyms=brace
2. sense_key=pair%1:23:00:: | definition=two items of the same kind | synonyms=couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke
3. sense_key=pair%1:14:00:: | definition=two people considered as a unit
4. pair%1:14:02 poker hand.
Need be careful: In WordNet, pair%1:14:00 is "a set of two similar things considered as a unit". pair%1:14:01 maybe "two people considered as a unit"? Actually standard WordNet 3.0:
pair%1:14:00:: - a set of two similar things considered as a unit
pair%1:14:01:: - two items of the same kind
pair%1:14:02:: - two people considered as a unit
pair%1:14:03:: - a poker hand with 2 cards...
Wait check. Let's recall exact:
WordNet noun senses for "pair":
1. pair, brace -- (a set of two similar things considered as a unit)
2. couple, pair, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke -- (two items of the same kind)
3. pair -- (two people considered as a unit)
4. pair -- (a poker hand ...)
Gloss for 2 maybe "two items of the same kind".
Sense keys:
pair%1:14:00 -> offset 03874599? Actually pair 1:14:00: a set of two similar things considered as a unit.
pair%1:23:00 -> maybe offset 13740035: two items of the same kind (noun quantity? 1374? No quantity is %1:23? Check) Actually %1:23 is noun.quantity? Wait noun groups: 03=act, 04=animal... 23=quantity, 24=relation, 25=shape, 26=state, 27=substance, 28=time. Yes 1:23 is quantity. But "pair" as two items same kind might be noun.quantity? Hmm "two items" could be quantity. But in WordNet sense 2 might be noun.quantity? Let's check: pair%1:23:00: two items of the same kind. That is a quantity usage. In phrase "23 pairs of chromosomes" pair could mean "two items of the same kind" (two chromosomes). Which sense best? "a set of two similar things considered as a unit" vs "two items of the same kind".
Chromosomes come in homologous pairs. 23 pairs of chromosomes: each pair is two chromosomes (one inherited from each parent). In biology "pair" often = two corresponding chromosomes. Is it considered as a unit? A pair of chromosomes is a set of two similar things considered as a unit, sense 1. But the candidate 1 has synonyms brace; candidate 2 has synonyms couple, twosome, yoke, etc. Let's analyze WN senses and common disambiguation.
Sense 1: "a set of two similar things considered as a unit" examples: "a pair of glasses", "a pair of jeans", "an extra pair of shoes"? Wait examples for brace? Actually sense 1 pair: "a pair of shoes". Sense 2 pair: "a pair of aces"? Let's look typical.
WordNet examples:
pair%1:14:00: a set of two similar things considered as a unit
pair%1:14:01= pair, couple, twosome, twain, brace, span, yoke: two items of the same kind
pair%1:14:02= two people considered as a unit
pair%1:14:03= a poker hand.
Wait user says sense 1 pair%1:14:01: a set of two similar things considered as a unit, synonyms brace. Sense 2 pair%1:23:00: two items of same kind, synonyms couple twosome etc. Sense 3 pair%1:14:00: two people considered as a unit. This labeling is slightly off from standard, but we should follow user's given keys and definitions, not standard offset. We choose by definitions.
Given that chromosome pairs are two homologous chromosomes (similar things) considered as paired unit. Fits "a set of two similar things considered as a unit". The phrase "23 pairs of chromosomes" enumerates paired units. So index 1.
But perhaps sense 2 "two items of the same kind" also fits two chromosomes of same kind. Which is more appropriate? Let's compare. Sense 1 has "similar things considered as a unit". Chromosome pairs are indeed physically similar homologs (one from each parent) forming a unit. Biological term "pair" refers to the matched pair. "Two items of the same kind" is more generic quantity: "I have a pair of ..." Example might be "a pair of aces"; "a couple of items". But chromosomes in a pair are not just any two items; they are the homologous pair as a unit. Thus sense 1.
Need answer JSON with sense_index as index in candidate list (1,2,3,4). Return exactly JSON.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the <t>cells</t> that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with single best indexed sense. Context about biology, chromosomes in cells containing genes. So sense cell%1:03:00:: (biology basic unit). Index is 2 in candidate senses list? Let's see ordering: Candidate senses 1-7, sense_key list. The target is sense 2 (biology). Need JSON {"sense_index": 2}. No explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contain
Target surface form: contain
Context:
There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that <t>contain</t> the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contain%2:42:00:: | definition=include or contain; have as a component | synonyms=incorporate, comprise | examples=A totally new idea is comprised in this paper; The record contains many old songs from the 1930's
2. sense_key=contain%2:42:13:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, carry | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
3. sense_key=contain%2:41:00:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=control, hold in, hold, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
4. sense_key=contain%2:42:06:: | definition=be divisible by | examples=24 contains 6
5. sense_key=contain%2:42:14:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=take, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
6. sense_key=contain%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, stop, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for "contain" in sentence: "scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes." Meaning cells have genes within them. Candidate senses: 1 include or contain; have as a component (incorporate, comprise). 2 contain or hold; have within (hold, bear, carry). 5 be capable of holding or containing (take, hold). Need decide between 1 and 2 and maybe 5. Context: chromosomes in cells that contain the genes. "contain" = have within, hold. Definition 2: contain or hold; have within. Examples The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water. This fits physical containment. Definition 1: include or contain; have as a component (comprise). Examples record contains many old songs; paper comprised new idea. That is about abstract composition. Cells contain genes is more physical containment/hold within, so sense 2 likely. Sense 5 is "be capable of holding or containing" with examples "This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon." It emphasizes capacity, not actual holding. Here cells actually contain genes. So 2 is best. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. No explanation. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: gross
Target surface form: gross
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, <t>gross</t> chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=gross%3:00:00:: | definition=before any deductions | examples=gross income
2. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:general:00 | definition=lacking fine distinctions or detail | examples=the gross details of the structure appear reasonable
3. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:fat:01 | definition=repellently fat | synonyms=porcine | examples=a bald porcine old man
4. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:visible:00 | definition=visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features) | synonyms=megascopic
5. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:unmitigated:00 | definition=without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers | synonyms=arrant, complete, consummate, double-dyed, everlasting, perfect | examples=an arrant fool; a complete coward
6. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:indecent:00 | definition=conspicuously and tastelessly indecent | synonyms=crude, earthy, vulgar | examples=coarse language; a crude joke
7. sense_key=gross%5:00:00:conspicuous:00 | definition=conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible | synonyms=crying, egregious, flagrant, glaring, rank | examples=a crying shame; an egregious lie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer user: choose single best indexed sense for target lemma "gross" surface form "gross" in context about chromosome damage. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": X}. We need select among senses 1-7. Let's analyze.

Sense 1: gross%3:00:00:: definition before any deductions; example gross income. That's adjective meaning total before deductions ( taxes). In context: "Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible." Means large-scale visible to naked eye? Yes sense 4: visible to naked eye (especially rocks/anatomical features); synonyms megascopic. That fits: gross chromosome damage visible under microscope? In text: "under a microscope they could see ... Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible." The phrase "gross chromosome damage" means visible/detectable without fine detail; actually in biology, gross chromosome abnormality means visible at level of chromosomes under microscope, large-scale changes. Sense 2: lacking fine distinctions or detail; example "the gross details of the structure appear reasonable". This also plausible: gross chromosome damage = large-scale, lacking fine detail. Sense 4 specifically visible to naked eye, but chromosomes not visible to naked eye - visible under microscope; however WordNet example says anatomical features. Let's inspect. Candidate 2 definition: lacking fine distinctions or detail. Candidate 4: visible to the naked eye. The context says visible under microscope, but "they could see the 23 pairs ... Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible." In medicine, "gross" means visible to naked eye (as opposed microscopic). But damage to chromosomes under microscope is still microscopically visible, not necessarily naked eye. However "gross" can mean overall/large-scale rather than fine-scale. In genetics, "gross chromosomal rearrangements" means large mutations visible under microscope (cytogenetic level), i.e., large, not at nucleotide level. Best sense might be sense 2: lacking fine distinctions or detail; or sense 4: visible to naked eye. Which is more appropriate according to WordNet? Let's parse sentence: "But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's ... Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13..." The contrast is between specific genes and chromosomes visible under microscope. Gross chromosome damage = visible chromosomal damage (large-scale). In WordNet definitions, sense 4 is specifically visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features). "gross chromosome damage" may be "megascopic"? Synonym megascopic means visible to the unaided eye. Since the text says under a microscope, technically not unaided eye but chromosomes as anatomical features? Hmm.

Need choose single best sense. Let's think about fine-grained WSD for "gross". Options include:
1. adjective: before deductions (total) (3:00:00)
2. adjective: lacking fine distinctions or detail (5:00:00:general)
3. repellently fat
4. visible to naked eye
5. unmitigated intensifiers (gross negligence?)
6. indecent
7. conspicuously bad (egregious)

Context phrase "gross chromosome damage" obviously not financial, fat, indecent, egregious. It means large-scale or visible without microscopic detail. Need decide between sense 2 and 4. The phrase "gross chromosome damage" can be paraphrased as "damage visible at the gross level" as opposed to molecular level. WordNet sense 2 "lacking fine distinctions or detail" example: "the gross details of the structure appear reasonable". This sense refers to coarse-level description. Sense 4 "visible to the naked eye" synonyms megascopic - pertains specifically to visibility. Which better applies? The sentence explicitly says "Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible." If we use sense 2, "lacking fine distinctions or detail chromosome damage was visible" is tautological but okay; "gross" qualifies type of damage. If use sense 4, "visible to naked eye damage" weird because chromosomes are not naked-eye; though "visible" already in sentence suggests "gross" = visible. The word "under a microscope" and "visible" suggest they could see macroscopic (gross) chromosome damage. In pathology, "gross" means visible naked eye or by unaided vision, while "microscopic" requires microscope. Here text explicitly: under a microscope they could see chromosomes. "Gross chromosome damage" might refer to large structural changes visible. Could be sense 4? But chromosomes are not naked-eye; "gross" used as antonym of microscopic? Actually anatomical: gross anatomy vs microscopic anatomy. The phrase in biology "gross chromosome damage" is damage visible on chromosomes by microscope, at gross cytogenetic level. WordNet sense 4: visible to naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features). Chromosomal features are anatomical/microscopic? Not naked eye.

Let's search memory: WordNet gloss for gross adj:
- gross, revenue, entire? Actually senses:
1. (adj) gross (before any deductions) "gross income"
2. (adj) gross (lacking fine distinctions or detail) "the gross details of the structure appear reasonable"
3. (adj) gross, porcine (repellently fat)
4. (adj) gross, megascopic (visible to the naked eye (especially of rocks and anatomical features))
5. (adj) arrant, complete, consummate, double-dyed, egregious, everlasting, gross, perfect, pure, sheer, stark, thoroughgoing, total, unmitigated
6. (adj) crude, earthy, gross, vulgar
7. (adj) crying, egregious, flagrant, glaring, gross, rank

The target is before visible. The phrase "gross chromosome damage". In WSD tasks, "gross" + anatomical feature often maps to sense 4 (megascopic). Example "gross anatomy". But context mentions microscope. Wait, but "gross anatomy" is study of structures visible to naked eye. Under microscope chromosomes visible - because they are small, but maybe "gross" here is not sense 4.

Maybe sense 2 is more likely: "lacking fine distinctions or detail" - gross chromosome damage is large-scale damage, not at the level of base-pair-specific genes. The whole paragraph contrasts "specific genes" with "chromosomes" and microscope view. "Gross chromosome damage" means damage at coarse level, without fine detail. That's sense 2. Also the example "the gross details of the structure appear reasonable" relates to details of a structure; "gross chromosome damage" = coarse damage. So answer probably 2.

Let's examine if user intended "gross" as "visible to naked eye" in a scientific context. The instructions: "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." We should use context. Examples for sense 4: none given? Candidate 4 includes synonyms=megascopic. Example not shown. The term "gross chromosome damage" in genetics means chromosome-level aberrations visible under microscope; "megascopic" means visible to unaided eye. But a chromosome is not visible to naked eye, only under microscope. However the text says "under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs... Occasionally gross chromosome damage was visible." This is at the level of microscope; "gross" modifies chromosome damage. It likely means "large-scale, not subtle." That's sense 2.

Need return JSON. Must not hedge. Ensure output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 2}. We should provide no explanation. Since user said "Return only a JSON object". So final answer: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome <t>damage</t> was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose single best indexed sense for 'damage' in context. Need not answer with sense key, only JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Let's analyze.

Target surface form "damage" appears in phrase "gross chromosome damage was visible." Context about chromosomes, genetics, tumor suppressor genes, chromosome damage. Candidate senses:
1. damage%1:11:00:: occurrence of a change for the worse; synonyms harm, impairment. This is noun state/event of damage.
2. loss of military equipment.
3. the act of damaging something or someone; synonyms harm, hurt, scathe.
4. amount of money needed to purchase something.
5. any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right.

Sense 1 is likely the state/result of harm to chromosomes. 'Gross chromosome damage' meaning visible changes/harm to chromosomes. WordNet damage can be "the occurrence of a change for the worse" (1:11:00). More specifically "impairment" to chromosomes. In scientific contexts "chromosome damage" means damage as injury/impairment to structure. Which sense best matches? Let's compare 1 and 3: "the occurrence of a change for the worse" vs "the act of damaging something or someone". The phrase "gross chromosome damage was visible" refers to the damage itself (harm/impairment) visible under microscope, not the act. So sense 1 is best.

Need return JSON exactly. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: visible
Target surface form: visible
Context:
The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged. But there was no way to prove Dr. Knudson's "two-hit "theory. Back then, scientists had no way of ferreting out specific genes, but under a microscope they could see the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cells that contain the genes. Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was <t>visible</t>. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=visible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of being seen; or open to easy view | synonyms=seeable | examples=a visible object; visible stars
2. sense_key=visible%5:00:00:overt:00 | definition=obvious to the eye | examples=a visible change of expression
3. sense_key=visible%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=present and easily available | examples=the cash on hand is adequate for current needs; emergency police were on hand in case of trouble

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best indexed sense for "visible" in context. We are to return JSON {"sense_index": N}. Target sentence: "Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible." Meaning capable of being seen (microscopically). Sense 1: capable of being seen; or open to easy view, synonyms seeable, examples a visible object; visible stars. Sense 2: obvious to the eye (a visible change of expression). Sense 3: present and easily available (cash on hand). Context says under a microscope they could see chromosomes; gross chromosome damage was visible. That fits sense 1 (capable of being seen), not necessarily obvious to the eye (sense 2 includes obvious to the eye; could be considered). But "visible" here means could be observed with microscope, i.e., capable of being seen. Best is 1. Need output JSON only.