[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple <t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We have problem: user asks WSD for "knew" in given context, target lemma know, surface form knew. Candidate senses list. Need choose single best sense for two occurrences? Actually there is first "<t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant" (couple knew), second "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene". We need single sense for target word? The instruction says single best indexed sense. Maybe both occurrences have same sense. Evaluate.

Senses options. Context: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan knew before pregnancy that any child had 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma because Mr Quinlan knew he carried damaged gene. That is cognitive awareness of a fact (risk/fact). Need distinguish between sense 1: know vs general knowledge about a fact. Sense 3: know that (be aware of truth). Sense 1 definition: be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of info; possess knowledge or information about. Examples: I know that President lied. This matches "knew ... that any child of theirs had a 50% chance..." But "knew he carried a damaged gene" maybe sense 1 or 3. Let's parse exact WordNet senses.

Sense 1 know%2:31:01:: definition be cognizant of; synonyms cognize. Examples with "know that", "know who".
Sense 3 know%2:31:02:: definition be aware of the truth of something; have a belief/faith. Examples "I know that I left key", "Galileo knew earth moves". Both very close. The distinction in WordNet: sense 1 perhaps know (a fact) includes "know that" entailing knowledge; sense 3 maybe "knowing a fact" or proposition as true (be aware of the truth). Let's check WordNet definitions: know.v.01: know (perceive as familiar), know.v.02: know, cognize, cognise (be aware of), know.v.03: know (be aware of truth), know.v.04: know (be familiar with), know.v.05: experience, know, live (have firsthand), etc.

Actually WordNet sense numbering for verb cognition group: know%2:31:00 = verb know in group 31 index 00? Not according the candidate key? But list provides keys. Let's map keys:
- know%2:31:00:: = sense be familiar or acquainted (syn: know someone/object)
- know%2:31:01:: = be cognizant / aware of fact (syn: cognize/cognise)
- know%2:31:02:: = be aware of truth of something; believe/faith true beyond doubt
- know%2:31:03:: = know how to do or perform
- know%2:31:04:: = have firsthand knowledge of states/situations/emotions
- know%2:31:06:: = accept someone as claimed etc (acknowledge)
- know%2:31:11:: = know nature/character of
- know%2:31:12:: = distinguish
- know%2:31:14:: = perceive as familiar
- know%2:31:15:: = have fixed in mind
- know%2:35:00 = sexual.

For "knew that any child... had a 50% chance", it's knowledge of a fact. This is likely sense 1 or 3. Sense 1 is more generic: be cognizant or aware of a fact/piece of info. "know" often in training data "I know that X" maps to sense 01? In WordNet, "I know that the President lied" example is under know.v.01? Let's verify: WordNet lists example "I know that the President lied to the people" under WordNet 3.0 for know.v.02? Hmm. Actually know (v) senses:
1. know, cognize, cognise (be cognizant of) "I know that the President lied to the people"
2. know (know the nature or character of?) no.
Let's search memory: WordNet 3.1 entries:
• S: (v) know, cognize, cognise (be cognizant of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about) "I know that the President lied to the people"; ...
• S: (v) know (know how to do or perform something) "She knows how to knit"
• S: (v) know (be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt) "I know that I left the key on the table"; ...
• S: (v) know (be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object) "She doesn't know this composer"
So order maybe sense 1 in candidate "know%2:31:01" actually first is the one with example I know that President. In user list, sense 1. Good.

Now which is best? The proposition "any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk" is a fact. Both senses 1 & 3 ok. Need choose one. Let's inspect distinction: Sense 3 definition includes "have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt". The fact about chance of risk is not a matter of truth/faith but known fact based on genetics. But all knowing-as-fact can be awareness of truth. Sense 1 broader. "knew he carried a damaged gene" - knowledge of a medical fact (he knows he has gene due to having lost eye and mother), not personal familiarity with gene. Could also be "be aware of a fact". Sense 1 seems best.

The instructions ask return JSON only {"sense_index": 1} (or relevant). No explanation. We should output exactly JSON object.

Double-check target word included twice; do they have same sense? Probably. Sense 1 encompasses "pedictor" fact. Not sense 3? Example "I know that I left key" is self-knowledge of a truth (epistemic certainty). "knew that any child had a 50% chance" is external statistical fact, more "be cognizant of a fact" than "be aware of truth/belief". Also "Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene" is also knowledge of fact about self, like "I know I left key". That matches sense 3 example "I know that I left the key on the table". But the first occurrence is knowledge that child has 50% chance. Hmm.

Maybe sense 3 is for "know that..." clauses where the object is a proposition of which truth is beyond doubt. Sense 1 examples includes "I know that the President lied" which also proposition. WordNet splits maybe sense 1 = know (specific information) with "cognize"; sense 3 = know (truth of something). The context has complements: "knew ... that any child ... had a 50% chance" = fact; "knew he carried a damaged gene" = knowledge about himself. Since word "knew" is used in a context about knowledge of risks/facts. The first occurrence: "The couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant ... that any child of theirs had a 50% chance ..." This is "be cognizant of a fact". The second: "knew he carried a damaged gene"—they are similar.

The task says "Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context." There are two occurrences. In WSD test sets, they might annotate one target occurrence. Here markup <t>knew</t> appears only first? Actually the second "knew" is not marked with <t>? The snippet has first <t>knew</t> ... and second "knew" without tag. The target surface form is "knew" and context includes markup at first occurrence only. Should we decide for the tag occurrence only. The tag: "The Dedham, Mass., couple <t>knew</t> even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child..." So target is the first "knew". Thus sense for "knew that any child had 50% chance". We need choose best.

Let's analyze exact WordNet examples for sense 1 vs 3. Sense 1 examples: "I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!" It includes external fact and know (information). Sense 3 examples: "I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun." This includes personally involving truth and scientific facts known to be true. Hmm. The context is about the couple knowing the likelihood before pregnancy—could be seen as "be aware of the truth of something (that child at risk)" similar Galileo. But which is more frequent as default? In typical WordNet mapping, "know" with "that" complement can map to sense 1 or 3. Which sub-corpus?

Let's look up WordNet 3.0 definitions (from memory) for know.v.01: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about; 'I know that the President lied to the people'; 'I want to know who is winning the game!'; 'I know it's time'".
know.v.02? Actually verbs group [31] includes senses. Maybe key know%2:31:01 is know.v.01 in WordNet? Wait numbers: sense key know%2:31:01:: means lexical file 31 (verb cognition), sense number 01. Yes. So user list is in the order of WordNet sense numbers? Then sense 1 is know.v.01 (be cognizant). Sense 3 is know.v.03 (be aware of truth). The examples align with WordNet I recall:
- know.v.01 "I know that the President lied to the people"
- know.v.03 "I know that I left the key on the table".
So both include that.

Distinction: v.01 examples more about knowing facts/info. v.03 examples about recognizing truth/reality, sometimes in contrast to doubt (e.g., "I know it's true," "I am well aware"), but not necessarily [
"be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" ].

The specific context: "knew even before Bonnie became pregnant ... that any child of theirs had a 50% chance..." This is factual information they were cognizant of. It doesn't emphasize "truth beyond doubt" or belief/faith. The fact is based on genetics. So sense 1 fits better.

However, consider "knew he carried a damaged gene" occurs after - but not tagged. Is target just tagged? The instruction says target surface form knew, but the context shows <t> only on first occurrence. So we focus on the tagged "knew". Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

But let's be cautious: They might expect sense 3 because "knew that any child had a 50% chance..." is a proposition where they are aware of its truth. The phrase "knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child ... at risk" resembles "I know that I left the key". But the object is not direct propositional truth? It's a possibility with 50% chance, not a certainty; impossible to be aware of truth beyond doubt because it's probabilistic. Sense 3's definition "regard as true beyond any doubt" would be too strong for a 50% chance fact (they know the probability, not truth of child's risk). Thus sense 1 more appropriate: possession of knowledge/information about the fact.

Yes sense 1. Need output only JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew <t>even</t> before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need perform fine-grained WSD for "even" in sentence: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew <t>even</t> before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance ..." We need choose among 4 senses. Let's parse usage: "knew even before Bonnie became pregnant" meaning they knew prior to pregnancy; "even" as an adverb emphasizing that they knew it earlier/also/as far back as before pregnancy. Candidate senses: even%4:02:00:: used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected. even%4:02:03:: in spite of; notwithstanding. even%4:02:01:: to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons; synonyms yet, still. even%4:02:04:: to the full extent.

We need determine which lexicographer lexical file prep/adv? The key even%4:02:00:: etc. All are adverbs? %4 means adverb; 02 perhaps?

Context: "knew even before Bonnie became pregnant" = "knew even before ..." It emphasizes temporal precedence, similar to "still" sense? Actually "even" before a comparative/temporal preposition like "even before" indicates to a greater degree/extent: they knew it as early as before pregnancy; used to stress comparative/prior timing. The phrase "even before" fits WordNet adverb sense 4:02:01 "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons (looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem; last night even (or still) more businesses failed)". In "even before", the adverb modifies "before" as a comparative? Since "before" can be comparative (earlier than). It means "to a greater extent" or "still earlier". However, another potential sense is "even as an intensive indicating unexpectedness." But here it's not necessarily unexpected? The couple knew before pregnancy, which emphasizes early knowledge. This aligns with sense 4:02:01. Candidate 4:02:00 examples "even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea". Not same structure. 4:02:03 "in spite of; notwithstanding" examples "even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him". This seems different; "even before" is not concessive? Actually "even before" can be concessive? "Even before X, Y" no, it's temporal emphasis. 4:02:01 should be correct.

Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 3}.

Be careful instructions: choose single best indexed sense; return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. The senses indexing by list positions: 1 even%4:02:00, 2 even%4:02:03, 3 even%4:02:01, 4 even%4:02:04. So answer index3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "before" in the given context. I need to choose between two senses:
1. "earlier in time; previously" (temporal)
2. "at or in the front" (spatial)

The context is: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."

Here "before" is used temporally - they knew something earlier in time, prior to Bonnie becoming pregnant. This clearly matches sense 1: "earlier in time; previously".

Sense 2 is spatial, which doesn't fit the context.

I need to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie <t>became</t> pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose WordNet sense for "became" in sentence: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 ..." "became pregnant" = entered/assumed a certain state or condition. Sense 1 become%2:30:00:: (enter or assume a certain state or condition) synonyms go, get; examples include "He became annoyed". That fits. Need answer only JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pregnant
Target surface form: pregnant
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pregnant%3:00:00:: | definition=carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:meaningful:00 | definition=rich in significance or implication | synonyms=meaning, significant | examples=a meaning look
3. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:full:00 | definition=filled with or attended with | synonyms=fraught | examples=words fraught with meaning; an incident fraught with danger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "pregnant" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the three candidates.

Let me analyze the context: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."

Here, Bonnie "became pregnant" means she became carrying developing offspring within her body. This is the biological meaning of pregnancy.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. pregnant%3:00:00:: = carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. pregnant%5:00:00:meaningful:00 = rich in significance or implication (synonyms: meaning, significant)
3. pregnant%5:00:00:full:00 = filled with or attended with (synonyms: fraught)

Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The context is about Bonnie becoming pregnant with a child, which is the literal biological meaning.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: child
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any <t>child</t> of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma child, context sentence: "any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma...". Candidate senses indexed 1-4. Need choose best. sense 1 young person of either sex. sense 2 human offspring of any age. Context: "any child of theirs" means offspring of parents, not necessarily young. It refers to a future biological offspring. Definition 2 fits. sense 3 immature childish person no. sense 4 member clan no. So index 2. Must output JSON only {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure follow instructions no sense key.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chance
Target surface form: chance
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% <t>chance</t> of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chance%1:26:00:: | definition=a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances | synonyms=opportunity | examples=the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington; now is your chance
2. sense_key=chance%1:19:00:: | definition=an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another | synonyms=luck, fortune, hazard | examples=bad luck caused his downfall; we ran into each other by pure chance
3. sense_key=chance%1:04:00:: | definition=a risk involving danger | examples=you take a chance when you let her drive
4. sense_key=chance%1:07:00:: | definition=a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible | synonyms=probability | examples=the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5
5. sense_key=chance%1:26:01:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=prospect | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "chance" in context: "any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma". This is probability/quantitative likelihood. Candidate sense 4: a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; probability; examples coin probability 0.5. So best sense index 4. Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. We need disambiguate 'eye' in phrase 'an eye cancer' meaning cancer of the eye, i.e., organ of sight. Candidate 1 organ of sight. Should choose sense_index=1. Ensure only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. No extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye <t>cancer</t> that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "cancer" in the given context.

 Target surface form: "cancer"
 Context: A long passage about tumor-suppressor genes, inherited disease, retinoblastoma described as "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births."

 The word "cancer" here is clearly referring to a malignant growth/tumor/disease. It is not about astrology, zodiac sign, constellation, or the genus of crabs.

 Candidate senses:
 1. any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division...
 2. (astrology) a person born while sun is in Cancer
 3. small zodiacal constellation
 4. fourth sign of zodiac
 5. type genus of family Cancridae

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1 (the medical/disease sense).

 Answer must be JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since sense 1 is the best, return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occur
Target surface form: occurs
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that <t>occurs</t> about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occur%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
2. sense_key=occur%2:31:00:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=come | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
3. sense_key=occur%2:42:03:: | definition=to be found to exist | examples=sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for lemma occur, surface occurs. Context sentence: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births." This means the cancer happens/exists/takes place in births at a frequency. Candidate sense 1: come to pass = happen, event occurs. Sense 3: to be found to exist (sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area). The subject is "eye cancer" as disease occurrence; "occurs about once every 20,000 births" indicates frequency of occurrence/cases. In WordNet, which sense best? Sense 1 examples: "What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence." This is events happening. However diseases "occur" can be sense 3? Let's examine definitions. Sense 3 definition "to be found to exist" examples: "sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil". This is about distribution/existence in a location or context, not frequency. "eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births" includes frequency; but also distribution in births? It says "about once every 20,000 births" = happens in 1 in 20,000 births; the subject is a cancer, an event/disease occurrence. Could be sense 1. WordNet sense 3 likely covers "to occur" meaning "be found; occur in nature; be met with" (minerals, species, phenomena). Sense 1 is more general "come to pass; happen". A cancer that occurs every ... births = a cancer that happens. "What is happening?" fits event. So best index 1. Need output only JSON like {"sense_index":1}. The user specifically says do not answer with sense key, only JSON object exactly like. We need produce final. Ensure no extra prose.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs <t>about</t> once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON with sense_index. We need determine correct sense of 'about' in sentence: "...eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births." This is quantity, approximate frequency. Candidate 1 definition: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct. Examples with approximate quantities/time. Synonyms: approximately, roughly. This fits. Others relate spatial/directional. So index 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need determine sense of once in sentence: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births." This is frequency: one time per 20,000 births. Among candidate senses: 1 on one occasion (one time). 2 as soon as. 3 formerly. The usage is "once every 20,000 births" = one time per 20,000 births, corresponds to sense 1 on one occasion, one time. So index 1. Need output exact JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: birth
Target surface form: births
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 <t>births</t>. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life) | examples=they divorced after the birth of the child; his election signaled the birth of a new age
2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born | synonyms=nativity, nascency, nascence | examples=they celebrated the birth of their first child
3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth | synonyms=parturition, giving birth, birthing
4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents | synonyms=parentage
5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON object with sense_index. The task: choose best indexed sense for 'births' in context 'occurs about once every 20,000 births'. The usage refers to incidence of retinoblastoma per number of babies born. Candidate 5: a baby born; an offspring; example 'overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births'. That fits. Candidate 2 event of being born; 'once every 20,000 births' could be instances of birth, but Count of births meaning number of babies born = sense 5. Candidate 1 time when begins. Candidate 3 process. Candidate 4 kinship. Best is 5. Provide only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose best sense for 'knew' in sentence: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."

Let's examine candidates.

 Sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact or specific piece of information; possess knowledge about. examples: I know that the President lied. This seems general awareness of fact that he carried damaged gene. Also know as fact/propositional knowledge.

 Sense 3: be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith; regard as true beyond doubt. I know that I left the key; Galileo knew earth moves. This is also propositional truth, perhaps with emphasis on certainty. Sense 1 vs 3 subtle: sense 1 often "know that" + specific piece of info; sense 3 maybe "be aware of the truth" maybe includes cognition of facts. The example 'I know that the President lied' similar.

 Sense 1 synonyms: cognize, cognise. Sense 2 know-how. Sense 4 acquaintance/familiar. Sense 5 experience. Sense 6 acknowledge/authority. In context "knew he carried a damaged gene" = was aware of / cognizant of fact. Do we pick 1 or 3? In WSD, often 'know that' general factual knowledge maps to 2:31:01 maybe. Let's recall WordNet senses order: know.v.01 (be aware of) "I know that the President lied..."; know.v.02 "know how to do"; know.v.03 "be aware of the truth" (I know I left key, Galileo...); know.v.04 "be familiar"; know.v.05 "have firsthand knowledge.."experience; etc. So for "knew he carried a damaged gene", propositional knowledge. Compare sense 1: be cognizant or aware of a fact... possess knowledge or information about. It fits: he was cognizant that he carried a damaged gene. Sense 3: "be aware of truth of something; have belief/faith in; regard as true beyond any doubt". Since he knows due to personal medical history, more like specific information rather than truth of proposition. But both are propositional. Which is best? WordNet index mapping: "I know that the President lied" vs "I know that I left the key on the table". The latter is memory/certainty of something. He knows he carried damaged gene due to past diagnosis. Could be either. But sense 1 is the broad "be cognizant of a fact" and often maps to know-v events with factive clauses. I'd choose sense_index=1. Need answer only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry
Target surface form: carried
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he <t>carried</t> a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry%2:35:02:: | definition=move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body | synonyms=transport | examples=You must carry your camping gear; carry the suitcases to the car
2. sense_key=carry%2:42:01:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=pack, take | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=carry%2:38:03:: | definition=transmit or serve as the medium for transmission | synonyms=impart, conduct, transmit, convey, channel | examples=Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound
4. sense_key=carry%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a means for expressing something | synonyms=convey, express | examples=The painting of Mary carries motherly love; His voice carried a lot of anger
5. sense_key=carry%2:35:09:: | definition=bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of | examples=His efforts carried the entire project; How many credits is this student carrying?
6. sense_key=carry%2:35:01:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=hold, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
7. sense_key=carry%2:42:03:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
8. sense_key=carry%2:41:00:: | definition=extend to a certain degree | examples=carry too far; She carries her ideas to the extreme
9. sense_key=carry%2:30:05:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=extend | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
10. sense_key=carry%2:42:02:: | definition=be necessarily associated with or result in or involve | examples=This crime carries a penalty of five years in prison
11. sense_key=carry%2:33:01:: | definition=win in an election | examples=The senator carried his home state
12. sense_key=carry%2:31:12:: | definition=include, as on a list | examples=How many people are carried on the payroll?
13. sense_key=carry%2:41:01:: | definition=behave in a certain manner | synonyms=behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport | examples=She carried herself well; he bore himself with dignity
14. sense_key=carry%2:40:00:: | definition=have on hand | synonyms=stock, stockpile | examples=Do you carry kerosene heaters?
15. sense_key=carry%2:36:00:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=run | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
16. sense_key=carry%2:35:08:: | definition=propel, | synonyms=dribble | examples=Carry the ball; dribble the ball
17. sense_key=carry%2:32:07:: | definition=pass on a communication | examples=The news was carried to every village in the province
18. sense_key=carry%2:42:13:: | definition=have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence | examples=This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate
19. sense_key=carry%2:42:15:: | definition=be conveyed over a certain distance | examples=Her voice carries very well in this big opera house
20. sense_key=carry%2:42:14:: | definition=keep up with financial support | examples=The Federal Government carried the province for many years
21. sense_key=carry%2:42:12:: | definition=have or possess something abstract | examples=I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave
22. sense_key=carry%2:42:08:: | definition=be equipped with (a mast or sail) | examples=This boat can only carry a small sail
23. sense_key=carry%2:41:02:: | definition=win approval or support for | synonyms=persuade, sway | examples=Carry all before one; His speech did not sway the voters
24. sense_key=carry%2:41:06:: | definition=compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance | examples=I resent having to carry her all the time
25. sense_key=carry%2:41:12:: | definition=take further or advance | examples=carry a cause
26. sense_key=carry%2:40:10:: | definition=have on the surface or on the skin | examples=carry scars
27. sense_key=carry%2:40:04:: | definition=capture after a fight | examples=The troops carried the town after a brief fight
28. sense_key=carry%2:40:13:: | definition=transfer (entries) from one account book to another | synonyms=post
29. sense_key=carry%2:38:10:: | definition=transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder) to the next column or unit's place before or after, in addition or multiplication | examples=put down 5 and carry 2
30. sense_key=carry%2:38:07:: | definition=pursue a line of scent or be a bearer | examples=the dog was taught to fetch and carry
31. sense_key=carry%2:36:08:: | definition=bear (a crop) | examples=this land does not carry olives
32. sense_key=carry%2:35:12:: | definition=propel or give impetus to | examples=The sudden gust of air propelled the ball to the other side of the fence
33. sense_key=carry%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=hold | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
34. sense_key=carry%2:34:01:: | definition=be able to feed | examples=This land will carry ten cows to the acre
35. sense_key=carry%2:33:04:: | definition=have a certain range | examples=This rifle carries for 3,000 feet
36. sense_key=carry%2:33:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance or advance beyond | examples=The drive carried to the green
37. sense_key=carry%2:33:02:: | definition=secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions) | examples=The motion carried easily
38. sense_key=carry%2:33:12:: | definition=be successful in | examples=She lost the game but carried the match
39. sense_key=carry%2:32:00:: | definition=sing or play against other voices or parts | examples=He cannot carry a tune
40. sense_key=carry%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, gestate, expect | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer carry sense index in context. Need decide. Context: Mr Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to rare tumor. Gene context: carrying a gene. Candidate senses: 18: have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence; examples: This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate. Also 21: have or possess something abstract; examples image in mind, carry the secret to grave. Also 2: have with oneself; have on one's person; examples pack/take umbrella/money. Also 10: be necessarily associated with or result in or involve; example crime carries penalty. For a gene one carries (genetic) - "carry a damaged gene" means have it in one's genome, either inhering or possess. Need select best indexed sense. Let's examine WordNet senses of carry for genetic carrier. In WordNet practice, "carry" used for genetic traits? Let's infer. Sense 18: have as inherent or characteristic feature or consequence. This fits genes: he carries a damaged gene (has as inherent genetic feature). Sense 21: have or possess something abstract. Genes are not abstract? They are biological features but concrete molecules. WN gloss for "have as an inherent characteristic feature" seems good. Example "carry a gene" maybe in WN annotated to sense 18? Need reason carefully. Could also be sense 2 (have on one's person) but ex physical object. Gene is internal/inherent. "carry a gene" idiomatic? WordNet sense 18 examples: washer carries guarantee, loan carries interest rate. This means "to have as an inherent or characteristic feature". Damaged gene inherited. So best is 18. Sense 10 "be necessarily associated with or result in or involve" ex crime carries penalty, would be "if you have defective gene, you are at risk" but "he carried a damaged gene" is possession not consequence. So 18 best. Final JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a <t>damaged</t> gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer choose single best indexed sense. We must return only JSON {"sense_index": 3}. Need determine correct sense index. Context: "damaged gene" meaning gene harmed/injured/spoiled. Sense 1 is harmed or injured or spoiled; examples include damaged goods/buildings. Sense 2 discredited/disreputable, used for reputation. Here gene damaged physically/functionally, so sense 1. Index=1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lose
Target surface form: lost
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having <t>lost</t> an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lose%2:40:02:: | definition=fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense | examples=She lost her purse when she left it unattended on her seat
2. sense_key=lose%2:33:00:: | definition=fail to win | examples=We lost the battle but we won the war
3. sense_key=lose%2:37:00:: | definition=suffer the loss of a person through death or removal | examples=She lost her husband in the war; The couple that wanted to adopt the child lost her when the biological parents claimed her
4. sense_key=lose%2:35:00:: | definition=place (something) where one cannot find it again | synonyms=misplace, mislay | examples=I misplaced my eyeglasses
5. sense_key=lose%2:40:01:: | definition=miss from one's possessions; lose sight of | examples=I've lost my glasses again!
6. sense_key=lose%2:39:00:: | definition=allow to go out of sight | examples=The detective lost the man he was shadowing after he had to stop at a red light
7. sense_key=lose%2:40:06:: | definition=fail to make money in a business; make a loss or fail to profit | synonyms=turn a loss | examples=I lost thousands of dollars on that bad investment!; The company turned a loss after the first year
8. sense_key=lose%2:40:00:: | definition=fail to get or obtain | examples=I lost the opportunity to spend a year abroad
9. sense_key=lose%2:33:01:: | definition=retreat | synonyms=fall back, drop off, fall behind, recede
10. sense_key=lose%2:39:01:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=miss | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
11. sense_key=lose%2:30:03:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=suffer | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need determine best sense for "lost" in context: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old". He lost an eye physically due to tumor; likely sense fail to keep or maintain; cease to have physically. That's sense 1: lose%2:40:02 fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense. Examples She lost her purse... But also "lost an eye to tumor" could be "suffer the loss of a person"? No, eye is body part, not person. Sense 1 is broad. Could be sense 5 miss from one's possessions; lose sight of? Not possession, but body part. Sense 1 fits "cease to have physically". Need choose single best indexed sense. Index 1. Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an <t>eye</t> to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense for "eye" in context: "having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old". This is physical organ of sight. Sense 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was <t>only</t> two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense. Context: "when he was only two months old". Here only meaning as recently as / no more than, emphasizing young age. Candidate 7 definition "as recently as" examples "I spoke to him only an hour ago". This fits temporal age: he was only two months old. Could also be sense 1 "and nothing more" (merely, simply). Let's examine WordNet adverb senses for only. sense 7 "as recently as" likely for time expressions (only an hour ago). In the context "when he was only two months old", "only" modifies "two months old", indicating he was just/as recently as two months old. Which sense index? Candidate 7 = only%4:02:05::. Need answer {"sense_index": 7}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mother
Target surface form: mother
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mother%1:18:00:: | definition=a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. sense_key=mother%1:27:00:: | definition=a stringy slimy substance consisting of yeast cells and bacteria; forms during fermentation and is added to cider or wine to produce vinegar
3. sense_key=mother%1:18:02:: | definition=a term of address for an elderly woman
4. sense_key=mother%1:18:01:: | definition=a term of address for a mother superior
5. sense_key=mother%1:09:00:: | definition=a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation | examples=necessity is the mother of invention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this carefully.

The target word is "mother" in the context: "after his <t>mother</t> had suffered the same fate when she was a baby."

The context is about a family with retinoblastoma (eye cancer). The sentence says Mr. Quinlan lost an eye to the tumor when he was two months old, after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. So "mother" here refers to his female parent - the woman who gave birth to him.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. mother%1:18:00:: - a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother) | synonyms=female parent | examples=the mother of three children
2. mother%1:27:00:: - a stringy slimy substance... (vinegar mother) - irrelevant
3. mother%1:18:02:: - a term of address for an elderly woman - not applicable
4. mother%1:18:01:: - a term of address for a mother superior - not applicable
5. mother%1:09:00:: - a condition that is the inspiration... (metaphorical) - not applicable

The context clearly refers to Mr. Quinlan's biological mother who had the same disease when she was a baby. This is sense 1: a woman who has given birth to a child / female parent.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suffer
Target surface form: suffered
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had <t>suffered</t> the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suffer%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo or be subjected to | synonyms=endure | examples=He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom
2. sense_key=suffer%2:29:01:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=sustain, have, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
3. sense_key=suffer%2:37:00:: | definition=experience (emotional) pain | examples=Every time her husband gets drunk, she suffers
4. sense_key=suffer%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
5. sense_key=suffer%2:30:00:: | definition=get worse | examples=His grades suffered
6. sense_key=suffer%2:29:00:: | definition=feel pain or be in pain | synonyms=hurt
7. sense_key=suffer%2:39:00:: | definition=feel physical pain | synonyms=hurt, ache | examples=Were you hurting after the accident?
8. sense_key=suffer%2:29:03:: | definition=feel unwell or uncomfortable | examples=She is suffering from the hot weather
9. sense_key=suffer%2:42:04:: | definition=be given to | examples=She suffers from a tendency to talk too much
10. sense_key=suffer%2:39:02:: | definition=undergo or suffer | synonyms=meet | examples=meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate
11. sense_key=suffer%2:30:02:: | definition=be set at a disadvantage | synonyms=lose | examples=This author really suffers in translation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for 'suffered' in context: 'after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.' The phrase 'suffer the same fate' means underwent or experienced the same fate (lost an eye to tumor). Candidate senses:
1 suffer%2:39:01:: undergo or be subjected to; examples He suffered the penalty; Many saints suffered martyrdom.
2 undergo injuries/illnesses (She suffered a fracture)
3 emotional pain
4 put up with
5 get worse
6 feel pain
7 feel physical pain
8 feel unwell
9 be given to
10 suffer%2:39:02:: undergo or suffer; synonyms meet; examples meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate.
11 be set at a disadvantage
'The same fate' is an event/condition; sense 10 specifically examples 'suffer a terrible fate'. Sense 1 also 'undergo or be subjected to' with examples penalty, martyrdom. Which is best? The idiom 'suffer the same fate' is exactly 'suffer a terrible fate' sense. But sense 10 definition 'undergo or suffer' is somewhat circular; synonyms meet; examples meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate. This sense is likely for 'suffer' with 'fate'. Sense 1 includes undergoing penalty/martyrdom. 'Fate' could be under sense 1. Need choose single best indexed sense.
Let's examine WordNet senses. suffer%2:39:01:: maybe 'undergo or be subjected to' (e.g., suffer punishment). suffer%2:39:02:: maybe 'undergo or suffer' -> 'meet' (e.g., suffer a violent death). The distinction: sense 1 is 'suffer' as transitive 'undergo (something adverse)'; sense 10 is 'suffer' as 'undergo or suffer' with 'meet' and 'fate/death'. Since the phrase is 'suffered the same fate', sense 10's example 'suffer a terrible fate' matches exactly. But note that sense 10 is in WordNet 3.0? Let's recall. suffer v. 1: undergo or be subjected to; "He suffered the penalty"; "Many saints suffered martyrdom" -- frames: somebody --s something. sense 10: undergo or suffer; "meet a violent death"; "suffer a terrible fate" -- frames somebody --s something. Hmm very similar. In WordNet, sense 10 may be 'suffer, meet' as 'undergo or suffer' (to experience a particular treatment)?? Actually let's recall WordNet entries:
S: (v) suffer, endure (undergo or be subjected to) "He suffered the penalty"; "Many saints suffered martyrdom"
S: (v) suffer, sustain, have, get (undergo (as of injuries and illnesses)) "She suffered a fracture in the accident"; "He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"; "She got a bruise on her leg"; "He got his arm broken in the scuffle"
S: (v) suffer (experience (emotional) pain)
S: (v) digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand, tolerate, support, brook, abide, suffer, put up (put up with something or somebody unpleasant) "I cannot bear his constant criticism"; "The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks"; "he learned to tolerate the heat"; "She stuck out two years with a sadistic boss"
S: (v) suffer (get worse) "His grades suffered"
S: (v) suffer, hurt (feel pain or be in pain)
S: (v) hurt, ache, suffer (feel physical pain) "Were you hurting after the accident?"
S: (v) suffer (feel unwell or uncomfortable) "She is suffering from the hot weather"
S: (v) suffer (be given to) "She suffers from a tendency to talk too much"
S: (v) suffer, meet (undergo or suffer) "meet a violent death"; "suffer a terrible fate"
S: (v) suffer, lose (be set at a disadvantage) "This author really suffers in translation"
So sense index 10 is 'suffer, meet' with examples 'meet a violent death; suffer a terrible fate'. It is likely the correct for 'suffer the same fate'. However note that sense 1 'undergo or be subjected to' also covers 'suffered the same fate' broadly. But because of example phrase 'suffer a terrible fate' in sense 10, the best sense is 10. The target sentence: after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. 'Same fate' refers to losing an eye to tumor. So 'suffered the same fate' = experienced/underwent the same fate. Sense 10.
Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the <t>same</t> fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for target "same" in context. Need pick best indexed sense among candidates. We must output JSON {"sense_index": X}, not key. Need decide.

Context sentence: "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby." The phrase "the same fate" means an identical fate (the same event/experience) — she also lost an eye to retinoblastoma as a baby. So "same" here refers to identity: the fate is the same one/identical experience (same in identity), not merely similar or comparable. Candidate sense 1: same in identity; examples: the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice. Candidate 2: closely similar or comparable; examples: curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age. Candidate 4: unchanged in character or nature; examples: the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever. Candidate 3 equal in amount/value.

"same fate" means "identical fate"; identity sense, likely sense 1. In WordNet, same%3:00:02:: = same in identity; same%3:00:00:: = same in kind/quality. Same fate can be considered identity. Need choose single best. Index 1. Provide JSON only.

Ensure no output with sense key. Return exactly {"sense_index": 1}.