[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary <t>treatment</t> or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best indexed sense. Target: treatment in context: "In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary <t>treatment</t> or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting". This is medical/therapeutic care provided to improve situation. Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury), synonyms intervention. Fits veterinary treatment, treatment of vomiting. Sense 2 management/h handling. Sense 3 artistic manner. Sense 4 discussion. So answer index 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: special
Target surface form: special
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a <t>special</t> diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=special%5:00:01:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=particular, peculiar | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
2. sense_key=special%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=for a special service or occasion | examples=a special correspondent; a special adviser to the committee
3. sense_key=special%5:00:00:uncommon:00 | definition=surpassing what is common or usual or expected | synonyms=especial, exceptional, particular | examples=he paid especial attention to her; exceptional kindness
4. sense_key=special%5:00:00:specialized:00 | definition=adapted to or reserved for a particular purpose | examples=a special kind of paint; a special medication for arthritis
5. sense_key=special%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=having a specific function or scope | synonyms=limited | examples=a special (or specific) role in the mission
6. sense_key=special%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=first and most important | synonyms=particular | examples=his special interest is music; she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work
7. sense_key=special%5:00:00:unscheduled:00 | definition=added to a regular schedule | synonyms=extra | examples=a special holiday flight; put on special buses for the big game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense index for "special" in "a special diet" in veterinary context, combination treatment with supportive measures. Options: 1 specific/peculiar/particular to category; 2 for a special service/occasion; 3 uncommon/especial/exceptional/surpassing common; 4 adapted/reserved for particular purpose; 5 having specific function/scope/limited; 6 first and most important; 7 extra/unscheduled.

Context: special diet for treating vomiting in dogs. Special diet means adapted/reserved for particular purpose (therapeutic diet). Sense 4 definition "adapted to or reserved for a particular purpose" examples "a special kind of paint; a special medication for arthritis". This fits "special diet" as diet reserved/adapted for a particular medical purpose. Could sense 1 "specific to a person or thing or category" with synonyms particular/peculiar? "special diet" could be "particular diet". But the diet is for the purpose of treating vomiting, not just specific category. Sense 4 most apt. Sense 5 "having specific function or scope" (limited) less so. Sense 3 "surpassing common" exceptional diet not right. So answer index 4. Need JSON only.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: diet
Target surface form: diet
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special <t>diet</t>, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=diet%1:13:00:: | definition=a prescribed selection of foods
2. sense_key=diet%1:14:00:: | definition=a legislative assembly in certain countries (e.g., Japan)
3. sense_key=diet%1:13:01:: | definition=the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal)
4. sense_key=diet%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of restricting your food intake (or your intake of particular foods) | synonyms=dieting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON. Need choose sense index for "diet" in context. Target lemma diet, surface diet. Context: Cerenia anti-emetic for dogs; in combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in treatment of vomiting. Special diet here means prescribed selection of foods? Let's evaluate senses.

Sense 1: a prescribed selection of foods. Example maybe doctor ordered a restricted diet. In context "special diet" is a dietary regimen selected for therapeutic purposes, likely matches prescribed selection of foods. Sense 3: the usual food and drink consumed by an organism (person or animal). That is habitual diet. "special diet" not usual. Sense 4: the act of restricting your food intake (dieting). Not act. Sense 2: assembly irrelevant.

Thus best sense index 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be <t>used</t> in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD: target lemma use, surface used. Context is about Cerenia tablets for dogs antiemetic. Sentence: "Cerenia can also be <t>used</t> in the treatment of vomiting..." Need choose among 6 senses. Let's analyze meanings.

Sense1: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or inherent natural purpose. synonyms utilize, apply, employ. This fits "used in the treatment of vomiting" i.e., employed/used for a purpose.

Sense2: take or consume habitually (drugs). Not passive or context.

Sense3: use up consume fully. Not.

Sense4: seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage. e.g., uses her friends. Not.

Sense5: avail oneself to. practice/apply a principle. Not passive about product.

Sense6: used to past habit. Not.

So best index 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "treatment" in the given context. Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses.

Context: "Cerenia can also be used in the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets)."

The sentence is about Cerenia, an anti-emetic medication for dogs. It's saying Cerenia can be used in the "treatment of vomiting". This refers to medical care/procedures intended to relieve illness or injury.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
   - This fits perfectly. "Treatment of vomiting" is medical care to relieve illness/injury.

2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
   - This is about management/handling, not medical treatment.

3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
   - This is artistic, not relevant.

4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased
   - This is about communication/discussion, not relevant.

The best sense is clearly sense 1: medical care provided to improve a situation, especially medical procedures intended to relieve illness or injury.

I need to return a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

Note: The instructions say "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I should only return the JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as <t>injection</t> or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need pick best indexed sense. Target "injection" appears in context: "Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as <injection> or as injection followed by tablets)." Veterinary context. Compare senses:
1. injection%1:04:00:: = the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure (act/method, like fuel injection?).
2. injection%1:27:00:: = any solution that is injected (as into the skin); synonyms injectant. This is the substance/drug solution sense.
3. injection%1:04:01:: = the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; examples "flu shot".

In sentence: "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets." Cerenia is available as injection or tablets. Means as a form/route of administration, likely the act/sense 3. Could also be sense 2 (the solution per se). Let's parse: "Cerenia can also be used ... either as injection or as injection followed by tablets." It may refer to the mode of administration, not the substance, but a veterinary product injectable solution also. They contrast injection vs tablets, so "injection" denotes the injectable formulation/administration by syringe; the noun refers either to the act of injecting or to the injectable solution.

WordNet senses: 1:04:01 is "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe", examples "the nurse gave him a flu shot". Here "as injection" used as means/administration, matching act sense. 1:27:00 is the injectable product solution (e.g., "the injection ... stays in the skin"). 1:04:00 is mechanical/forceful insertion like gas injection.

Which is best? The phrase "as injection" in pharmaceutical context: "available as an injection" means as an injectable drug preparation. This arguably aligns with sense 2: any solution that is injected. But because it's used in treatment by route. Let's consider examples: "as injection" instead of "by injection" suggests a pharmaceutical form, e.g., "Cerenia solution for injection" (EU label). The text "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets" likely follows "as an injection". In WordNet, sense 2 definition: "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" synonyms: injectant. This would be a solution/dose. Sense 3 is act. Which is more typical in such contexts? The noun "injection" can be mass/count. "an injection" refers to the act or the dose. In context "as injection" (mass) maybe formulation. But conventional WSD for "injection" in medical/drug administration phrase usually maps to act sense? Let's search memory: WordNet 3.0 injection noun: 3 senses: injection(n) 1: the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure (e.g., fuel injection into the combustion chamber). 2: any solution that is injected (as into the skin). 3: the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; example "the nurse gave him a flu shot". In actual WSD, "injection" in medical product descriptions? Let's think.

The target sentence: "Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets)." Here "injection" is a route/form. Compare "Cerenia is used as injection" similar to "administered as injection". The phrase "as injection" may refer more to the physical administration (act) than to the solution itself, because the liquid product is Cerenia; calling it "injection" would be a metonymic form. WordNet sense 2 "any solution that is injected" includes the injection as product/drug form. Hmm.

Need single best. Let's analyze subtlety: sense 2 gloss: "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" examples not given, synonym injectant. The phrase "as injection"—if they meant the injectable solution, they'd say "as an injection" or "as a solution for injection". In English, "administered by injection" = sense 3 act; "given as an injection" could be act or substance. In this specific sentence: "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets." The tablets contrast with injection in terms of administration route. So sense 3 (act of putting a liquid into body by syringe) fits. "Injection" versus "tablets" is route/form of medication; sense 3 covers the act by means of a syringe, but doesn't necessarily require the act as an event, it denotes the method. Also synonyms/shot. "Injection followed by tablets" suggests first give an injection then give tablets; sequential treatments. This is clearly administration events: first an injection, then tablets. Thus sense 3 is best: the act/dose delivered by syringe.

Sense 1 is engineering/mechanical (forceful insertion under pressure) not appropriate. Sense 2 is a substance solution, but "injection followed by tablets" emphasizes dosing events. So choose index 3.

Return JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as <t>injection</t> followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose WordNet sense for target "injection" in context "either as injection or as injection followed by tablets". It refers to the method/route of administration of drug Cerenia, an act of giving injection or injection followed by tablets. Candidate senses: 1 (forceful insertion of a substance under pressure), 2 (any solution that is injected; injectant), 3 (the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; shot; example flu shot). Context: "as injection" means the drug can be given as an injection (administration form). This is the act of injecting, sense 3. It is not the solution itself (sense 2), though maybe could refer to injectable solution. Let's parse: "Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets)." Here injection as route of administration analogous to tablets. Since tablets are a dosage form, injection could be dosage form or solution. However WordNet sense 2 is any solution that is injected, i.e., the medicine formulation. Sense 3 is the act. In this context, "given as injection" implies administration method; "as injection" likely means by means of an injection. "injection followed by tablets" suggests first give injection, then tablets. This is act of giving an injection. The example of shot: "the nurse gave him a flu shot" matches. So index 3.
Need return only JSON.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablets
Context:
The tablets are pale-orange and have a score line on both sides so that they can be halved. Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by <t>tablets</t>). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for 'tablets' in context. Context: Cerenia tablets are pale-orange, score line, marked Pfizer logo, used as dose of medicine small pellet. Sense 4: dose of medicine in form of small pellet, synonyms pill, lozenge, tab. Sense 3: small flat compressed cake of some substance e.g. soap. Sense 1: slab of stone/wood inscription. Sense 2: pad of paper. Clearly sense 4. Return JSON only.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: purpose
Target surface form: purposes
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these <t>purposes</t>, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=purpose%1:09:00:: | definition=an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions | synonyms=intent, intention, aim, design | examples=his intent was to provide a new translation; good intentions are not enough
2. sense_key=purpose%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, role, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
3. sense_key=purpose%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; firmness of purpose | synonyms=determination | examples=his determination showed in his every movement; he is a man of purpose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do word sense disambiguation for "purposes" in a sentence about Cerenia medication for dogs. The context is: "For these <purposes>, Cerenia can be given for up to five days." Let me analyze the candidate senses.

Sense 1: purpose%1:09:00:: = an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; synonyms: intent, intention, aim, design
Sense 2: purpose%1:07:00:: = what something is used for; synonyms: function, role, use
Sense 3: purpose%1:07:01:: = the quality of being determined to do or achieve something; firmness of purpose; synonyms: determination

In the context, "For these purposes" refers to the uses of Cerenia: preventing vomiting and treating vomiting. "These purposes" refers to the various medical uses/applications of the drug. So sense 2 "what something is used for" seems best, as it's about the function/role/use of the medication.

The phrase "For these purposes" is commonly used to refer to the uses/functions of something. This strongly aligns with sense 2.

Sense 3 is about determination, which is clearly not the meaning here.
Sense 1 is about intended outcome/aim, which is a bit abstract; while "purpose" can mean intention, here it's specifically about use/application/function.

So the answer should be sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be <t>given</t> for up to five days How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "given" (past participle of give). The context is about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine. The relevant sentence is: "For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days."

It's about administering medication to dogs. Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense
2. be the cause or source of (yield, afford)
3. transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody
4. convey or reveal information
5. convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow
6. organize or be responsible for
7. convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture
8. give as a present; make a gift of
9. cause to happen or be responsible for
10. dedicate
11. give or supply
12. transmit (knowledge or skills)
13. bring about
14. leave with; give temporarily
15. emit or utter
16. endure the loss of
17. place into the hands or custody of
18. give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
19. give (as medicine) - definition specifically says "give (as medicine)" with example "I gave him the drug"
20. give or convey physically
21. bestow
22. bestow, especially officially
23. move in order to make room for someone for something
24. give food to
25. contribute to some cause
26. break down, literally or metaphorically
27. estimate the duration or outcome of something
28. execute and deliver
29. deliver in exchange or recompense
30. afford access to
31. present to view
32. perform for an audience
33. be flexible under stress of physical force
34. propose
35. accord by verdict
36. manifest or show
37. offer in good faith
38. submit for consideration, judgment, or use
39. guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion
40. allow to have or take
41. inflict as a punishment
42. occur
43. consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man
44. proffer (a body part)

Sense 19 is "give (as medicine)" with example "I gave him the drug." This is exactly the context - Cerenia is a medicine/tablet given to dogs. So the best sense is 19.

I need to return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 19}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: day
Target surface form: days
Context:
Each tablet is marked with the Pfizer logo on one side and with the letters MPT and the quantity of maropitant on the other side. What is Cerenia used for? Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five <t>days</t> How does Cerenia work?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=day%1:28:00:: | definition=time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis | synonyms=twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day | examples=two days later they left; they put on two performances every day
2. sense_key=day%1:28:03:: | definition=some point or period in time | examples=it should arrive any day now; after that day she never trusted him again
3. sense_key=day%1:28:01:: | definition=a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance | examples=Mother's Day
4. sense_key=day%1:28:02:: | definition=the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside | synonyms=daytime, daylight | examples=the dawn turned night into day; it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime
5. sense_key=day%1:28:04:: | definition=the recurring hours when you are not sleeping (especially those when you are working) | examples=my day began early this morning; it was a busy day on the stock exchange
6. sense_key=day%1:28:05:: | definition=an era of existence or influence | examples=in the day of the dinosaurs; in the days of the Roman Empire
7. sense_key=day%1:28:07:: | definition=the period of time taken by a particular planet (e.g. Mars) to make a complete rotation on its axis | examples=how long is a day on Jupiter?
8. sense_key=day%1:28:06:: | definition=the time for one complete rotation of the earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter than a mean solar day | synonyms=sidereal day
9. sense_key=day%1:26:00:: | definition=a period of opportunity | examples=he deserves his day in court; every dog has his day
10. sense_key=day%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer best known for his autobiographical works (1874-1935) | synonyms=Clarence Day, Clarence Shepard Day Jr.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need determine sense index. Context: "Cerenia can be given for up to five days". This refers to duration of five 24-hour periods (Earth rotation). So sense 1. Need output JSON only exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: receptor
Target surface form: receptor
Context:
Cerenia is an anti-emetic, this means that it stops vomiting. It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) <t>receptor</t>, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=receptor%1:08:01:: | definition=a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
2. sense_key=receptor%1:08:00:: | definition=an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation | synonyms=sense organ, sensory receptor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The target word is "receptor" in the context of Cerenia blocking a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor.

Let me analyze the two senses:

1. sense_key=receptor%1:08:01:: | definition=a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

2. sense_key=receptor%1:08:00:: | definition=an organ having nerve endings (in the skin or viscera or eye or ear or nose or mouth) that respond to stimulation | synonyms=sense organ, sensory receptor

In the context, Cerenia blocks a "neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system." This is clearly referring to a cellular structure that mediates the action of a chemical agent (neurokinin) on nervous tissue. It's a neurokinin receptor, which is a type of G protein-coupled receptor found on cells that responds to the neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin A.

Sense 1 mentions "a cellular structure" and "mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response" - this matches perfectly. The NK1 receptor is indeed a cellular receptor for neurokinin (substance P) that mediates physiological responses, including vomiting signals in the central nervous system.

Sense 2 refers to a "sense organ" or "sensory receptor" - an organ with nerve endings that respond to external stimulation (like in the skin, eye, ear, nose, mouth). This does not match the context of a neurokinin receptor being blocked by a pharmaceutical drug.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studied
Context:
It is used in dogs to prevent vomiting such as vomiting caused by chemotherapy (medicines used for the treatment of cancer, some of which are known to cause vomiting). In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been <t>studied</t>? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "studied" in the given context. Let me think about this carefully.

Target surface form: "studied" (past participle/passive voice)
Target lemma: study

Context: "How has Cerenia been <t>studied</t>? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA."

So "How has Cerenia been studied?" means "How has Cerenia been researched/investigated/tested?" This is asking about how the drug was scientifically researched.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial

This seems like "analyze/examine in detail to discover features or meaning." While in scientific context, this could be close to "studied" meaning researched.

2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
This is about being a student - not applicable.

3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
This is more about deliberation - not quite right for scientific research.

4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
This is about learning as a student - not applicable.

5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
This is about academic studying/reading - not applicable for a drug being researched.

6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study
Not applicable.

So the best sense is sense 1: "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" with synonyms analyze/analyse/examine/canvas. This matches the scientific context where Cerenia the drug is being investigated/researched through studies.

The next sentence confirms: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out" - this is scientific research/investigation, which fits sense 1 best.

The answer should be in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

I should only return the JSON object as instructed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of <t>studies</t> with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma study surface form studies. Context: veterinary medicine drug Cerenia. Phrase: A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises... Candidate senses list with sense_key and definitions. Need choose single best indexed sense. The options are indexed 1-10. We need not answer with sense key, return JSON {"sense_index": X}.

Let's parse senses:
1. study%1:04:00:: detailed critical inspection; synonyms survey. A noun in noun.act? event? Actually %1:04 is noun.act? It might be a careful examination. Example? "a study of private俱乐部"? gloss a detailed critical inspection.
2. study%1:09:03:: applying mind to learning; "work". mastering language requires work. No.
3. study%1:10:00:: a written document describing findings; synonyms report, written report. Example: this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. This fits "A large number of studies" = research reports/investigations. In this context, studies are carried out in dogs; could refer to research studies (clinical trials) which produce reports. The sense is "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group". But the phrase "studies were carried out" puts emphasis on the research activity, not the document. However WordNet distinguishes a study (noun.communication?) as a written document/report (sense 3). In biomedical contexts, "A number of studies have been carried out" usually means research projects/reports. The noun sense "detailed critical inspection" / "survey" (sense 1) or "branch of knowledge" (6). Let's inspect WordNet indexes maybe. Standard WordNet for study noun:
- S: (n) study, work (applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject)
- S: (n) study (a detailed critical inspection)
- S: (n) study, report, written report (a written document describing the findings)
- (n) study (a state of deep mental absorption)
- etc.
But the candidate indexing is different: here 1= detailed critical inspection (survey). 2= applying mind learning (work). 3= written document (report). 4= deep mental absorption. 5= room. 6= discipline. 7= sketch. 8= meditation. 9= quick study. 10= composition technique.

Which is best? Context: "How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients..." This asks if sense 1 or 3. A study as a research investigation; WordNet sense 1 detailed critical inspection is close: a study is a detailed critical inspection/investigation. "A large number of studies were carried out" => each study is an investigation/examination. But sense 3 is also "a written document describing the findings." That often is called "a study" as noun, e.g., "a recent study by Hill and Dale", and could be "carried out" metaph" a written report is carried out? Actually reports are prepared/written, not carried out. The verb "carry out" collocates with "studies" meaning experiments/investigations. The result of the study is reported. So sense 1 likely better.

Let's examine synonyms: sense 1 synonyms = survey. The phrase "laboratory studies" = "surveys/investigations"? The context: at veterinary practices and labs, studies with drug were carried out. Not just written document. So best index 1.

Need return JSON exactly. Ensure no extra text. Because instructions: Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So final: {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no markdown. Keep confidence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry_out
Target surface form: carried out
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were <t>carried out</t> either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry_out%2:36:00:: | definition=put in effect | synonyms=carry through, accomplish, execute, action, fulfill, fulfil | examples=carry out a task; execute the decision of the people
2. sense_key=carry_out%2:30:00:: | definition=pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue | synonyms=follow through, follow up, follow out, implement, put through, go through | examples=Did he go through with the treatment?; He implemented a new economic plan

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": <i>}. Need choose best indexed sense for target lemma carry_out, surface carried out, context about studies were carried out in laboratory dogs and veterinary practices. Candidate senses: 1 definition put in effect, synonyms carry through accomplish execute action fulfill fulfil, examples carry out a task; execute the decision of the people. 2 definition pursue to a conclusion or bring to a successful issue, synonyms follow through follow up follow out implement put through go through, examples Did he go through with the treatment?; He implemented a new economic plan.

In context: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients..." This means studies were conducted/performed. Which sense? In WordNet, carry_out%2:36:00:: means carry out a task; execute decision. carry_out%2:30:00:: means follow through, implement (a plan/treatment). Studies are tasks/activities, not treatments. Phrasal "carry out studies" maps to sense 1: to perform, execute, accomplish (a task, plan, or action). The context is not about carrying out treatment to conclusion, but about performing studies. Sense 1 best. Use index 1. Output only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: laboratory
Target surface form: laboratory
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in <t>laboratory</t> dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=laboratory%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. sense_key=laboratory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "laboratory" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in <t>laboratory</t> dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA."

Here "laboratory" modifies "dogs" - meaning dogs kept in a lab/research facility for scientific research. This is the literal meaning of an actual physical workplace for scientific research.

Now let me compare the two senses:
1. laboratory%1:06:00:: - a workplace for the conduct of scientific research (synonyms: lab, research lab, etc.)
2. laboratory%1:15:00:: - a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation (metaphorical - e.g., "Pakistan is a laboratory for studying...")

The context uses "laboratory dogs" which refers to dogs used in actual scientific research facilities/physical labs. This is sense 1.

The answer should only be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dogs
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory <t>dogs</t> or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "dogs" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about Cerenia, a veterinary medication. The sentence containing "dogs" is: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory <t>dogs</t> or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA."

This clearly refers to dogs as animals, specifically members of the genus Canis that have been domesticated. These are laboratory animals/patients in veterinary studies.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace

The context is explicitly about veterinary treatment and laboratory animals. "Laboratory dogs" can only refer to the animals (Canis familiaris) used in scientific studies. This matches sense 1 perfectly.

The answer should be in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}.

The instructions say not to answer with a WordNet sense key, and to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return just {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: several
Target surface form: several
Context:
In combination with supportive measures such as other veterinary treatment or a special diet, Cerenia can also be used in the treatment of vomiting (either as injection or as injection followed by tablets). For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in <t>several</t> European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=several%5:00:00:some:00 | definition=(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many | examples=several letters came in the mail; several people were injured in the accident
2. sense_key=several%5:00:00:individual:00 | definition=considered individually | synonyms=respective, various | examples=the respective club members; specialists in their several fields
3. sense_key=several%5:00:00:different:00 | definition=distinct and individual | examples=three several times

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is to choose the best WordNet-style sense for 'several' in the given context. At target: "in several European countries and in the USA". The meaning is an indefinite number more than 2/3 but not many of European countries. So sense 1. Need output JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What <t>benefit</t> has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for "benefit" in given context. Target: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?" Means what positive effect / advantage / something that aids or promotes well-being (or efficacy) shown. Candidate senses: 1 financial assistance; 2 something that aids or promotes well-being; 3 performance to raise money. Clearly sense 2. Return JSON only. Must not answer with sense key. We should output exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia <t>shown</t> during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense_index for target 'shown'. Context about Cerenia studies: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen..." 'shown' here means the studies revealed/proved/demonstrated a benefit, provided evidence for. Candidate senses:
2. establish validity by example/experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish) – matches "studies showed that it was more effective".
3. provide evidence for (testify, evidence) - also plausible, but 'showed that' introducing a result/proof.
4 make visible/noticeable – not.
10 give evidence of, as of records – "diary shows..."
2 definition "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" fits most (clinical studies demonstrate/prove effectiveness). Example "The experiment demonstrated the instability..." The blood test showed paternity is sense 3. Here not just evidence but establishing effectiveness via studies. We need single best. Likely index 2. But let's examine nuance: "What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies?" The benefit has been demonstrated. Synonyms prove, demonstrate, establish. Yes sense 2.
Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For these purposes, Cerenia can be given for up to five days How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the <t>studies</t>? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need provide JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Target: studies (plural) in context about Cerenia studies, "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out..." and "results of the studies showed..." The meaning is scientific investigation/ research, likely sense 1 "a detailed critical inspection" synonyms survey. Also sense 3 "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" report. Which fits better? "studies were carried out" means research trials/investigations, not the written report. The written document sense appears in "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" referencing a document/report. Here "large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out" and "results of the studies" indicates investigations. So sense 1. Could be sense 1: a detailed critical inspection. synonyms survey. Yes clinical studies = surveys/investigations. Choose sense_index:1. Need only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The <t>results</t> of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "results" in the context of a medical/veterinary document about Cerenia.

Let me analyze the context: "The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo..."

Here, "results" refers to the findings or outcomes of the studies. It's talking about what the studies produced or found.

Let me look at each sense:

1. result%1:19:00:: - "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - synonyms: consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot. This is a more general sense of something that follows from something else.

2. result%1:10:00:: - "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" - synonyms: solution, answer, resolution, solvent. This doesn't fit. The results of a study aren't necessarily a solution to a problem.

3. result%1:11:00:: - "something that results" - synonyms: resultant, final result, outcome, termination. Example: "he listened for the results on the radio". This seems to fit well with study results - the findings/outcomes of the studies.

4. result%1:10:01:: - "the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause" - This is a grammatical sense (resultant role), which doesn't apply here.

Between sense 1 and sense 3: Sense 1 is more about a phenomenon caused by something (consequence/effect). Sense 3 is specifically "something that results" - the outcome of an action or process. The "results of the studies" fits sense 3 better as it refers to the final outcome/findings of the studies. The example "he listened for the results on the radio" also supports the interpretation of study results or election results.

So the best sense is 3.

The instructions say to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} and not answer with a WordNet sense key.

I should return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the <t>studies</t> showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Determine best sense for "studies" in context. Sentence: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out ... The results of the <t>studies</t> showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo." It refers scientific clinical trials/investigations. Candidate senses: 1 detailed critical inspection (survey), 2 applying mind to learning, 3 written document describing findings, 4 deep mental absorption, 5 room, 6 branch of knowledge, 7 preliminary drawing, 8 meditation, 9 person, 10 composition. Study as noun plural: "studies" carried out, results thereof. This means a detailed critical investigation; WordNet sense 1: detailed critical inspection; synonyms survey. Could also sense 3 written document describing findings? "results of the studies showed" suggests activities/investigations not documents. However scientific studies often can refer to reports; examples: "this accords with recent study by Hill and Dale" refers to a study document. Context: "A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out ... The results of the studies showed..." "were carried out" strongly points to activity/investigation (sense 1). Also "results of the studies showed" not necessarily document. In WordNet, study%1:04:00:: is 'a detailed critical inspection', synonyms survey. That fits research studies. So answer index 1. Need ensure JSON exactly.