[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agree
Target surface form: agreed
Context:
Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I <t>agreed</t>. It is.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agree%2:32:00:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=hold, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
2. sense_key=agree%2:32:01:: | definition=consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something | examples=She agreed to all my conditions; He agreed to leave her alone
3. sense_key=agree%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
4. sense_key=agree%2:42:01:: | definition=go together | synonyms=harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in | examples=The colors don't harmonize; Their ideas concorded
5. sense_key=agree%2:42:03:: | definition=show grammatical agreement | examples=Subjects and verbs must always agree in English
6. sense_key=agree%2:40:02:: | definition=be agreeable or suitable | examples=White wine doesn't agree with me
7. sense_key=agree%2:32:04:: | definition=achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose | examples=No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "agreed" in context. Context: narrator says homeless woman said "Isn't it great just to be alive?" and "I agreed. It is." This is expressing accord/concurrence with the sentiment/opinion. Sense 1: be in accord; be in agreement; examples We agreed on terms; I can't agree with you. Sense 7: achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose; examples No two colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman. Which fits? "I agreed" to a statement/sentiment. Sense 1 is general be in accord, hold/concur. Sense 7 specifically achieve harmony of opinion/feeling/purpose. The context: woman expressed opinion/feeling that it's great to be alive; narrator agreed (concurred). Sense 1 likely best. Need not hedge. Return JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
U.N. <t>group</t> drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target "group" in context. Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions"; it's a U.N. group meaning a number of entities (members) considered as a unit, a working group. Candidate 1 definition any number of entities (members) considered as a unit. Candidate 2 chemistry, Candidate 3 math. Thus answer: 1. Need return only JSON object {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plan
Target surface form: plan
Context:
U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plan%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=program, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=plan%1:09:01:: | definition=an arrangement scheme | synonyms=design | examples=the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living
3. sense_key=plan%1:06:00:: | definition=scale drawing of a structure | synonyms=architectural plan | examples=the plans for City Hall were on file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully.

Target word: "plan"
Context: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions"

The sentence is about a U.N. group creating/drafting a plan to reduce emissions. The document outlines ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. plan%1:09:00:: definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; synonyms=program, programme; examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. plan%1:09:01:: definition=an arrangement scheme; synonyms=design; examples=the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living
3. plan%1:06:00:: definition=scale drawing of a structure; synonyms=architectural plan; examples=the plans for City Hall were on file

Sense 1 fits best. A U.N. plan to reduce emissions over 40 years with specific burdens and steps is clearly "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished." The phrase "drafts plan to reduce emissions" parallels "they drew up a six-step plan" in the examples.

Sense 2 is more about design/arrangement scheme, which doesn't fit an emissions reduction proposal.
Sense 3 is about architectural drawings, which doesn't fit at all.

So the answer is sense index 1.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The task is to identify the single best sense of target lemma "emission" in form "emissions" in context:

"U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference ... ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions ..."

Candidate senses:
1. the act of emitting; causing to flow forth (emanation)
2. a substance that is emitted or released (discharge)
3. release of electrons from parent atoms
4. bodily processes by which substances go out of the body; examples: discharge of pus
5. occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Interpretation:
"greenhouse-gas emissions" / "gas emissions" can refer either to the act/process (sense 1) or the emitted substances (sense 2). Which is more appropriate in "reduce emissions"? Let's think.

The phrase "greenhouse-gas emissions" commonly = emissions (substances) of greenhouse gases, e.g., carbon dioxide. "Reduce emissions" means reduce the amount of gases released. WordNet definitions distinguish noun 1 (act/process) and noun 2 (substance). In "emissions" as a count noun referring to greenhouse gases, it is like "substances released". However "emissions" is also used for act/process. Which sense mapping in WordNet for "emission"? Let's check examples from WordNet in mind: emission%1:04:00:: (act of emitting; causing to flow forth). emission%1:27:00:: (a substance that is emitted or released). In context, "greenhouse-gas emissions" is the amount of gases emitted; so likely sense 2.

But we need to see if "greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years" modifies "reductions" of emissions, not the act. "reduce emissions" in climate = reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted. So I'd choose sense 2.

However some might say "emissions" in climate context is the act of emitting because "greenhouse-gas emissions" are releases of gases (event/action nominalization). Let's examine WordNet definitions and examples.

Sense 1: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth" synonyms=emanation. The act of emitting implies process/action. Example maybe "the emission of radioactive material"? Which sense would that be? Actually if something is emitted, "emission of gas" can refer both. But WordNet noun 1 probably has hypernym act, deed. Noun 2 hypernym material, substance.

For WSD, phrase "greenhouse-gas emissions" in the climate policy context: Should it be noun 1? Let's look at another resource: OntoNotes / SemCor annotations for emission. The word "emission" in environmental contexts is often sense 2? Let's search memory: In WordNet, "emission" sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" synonyms discharge. "The discharge of pollen". Hmm examples may include "a discharge of pus" for sense 4 not 2. Examples for sense 2? Maybe "an emission of smoke". But "emissions" is a mass substance (air pollutants). In "reduce emissions", it is the substances (pollutants, greenhouse gases) that are reduced.

But "greenhouse-gas emissions" can be paraphrased as "the emission of greenhouse gases" = act. So ambiguous. Need to decide the best indexed sense per fine-grained WSD. The user says "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Context mentions "greenhouse-gas reductions" and "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden". A plan to reduce emissions. Here "emissions" are quantities that can be reduced over time; though you can reduce the act. But "reduction of emissions" commonly targets quantities of emitted gases. The synonym "discharge" as a substance: "a discharge of pollutants". Sense 2 fits.

Sense 1 synonyms: "emanation" = something that issues, proceeds, originates from a source; often used for a substance issuing from a source. Actually "emanation" could be a substance (e.g., a noxious emanation). But in sense 1 definition says act. "causing to flow forth". Hmm.

Let's try to see if WordNet sense 1 is the top frequent sense and covers "radioactive emission" or "emission of light". Sense 3 electrons. Sense 4 bodily. Sense 5 water.

Given domain climate/gases, not bodily/electrons/water. It's between 1 and 2. For "greenhouse-gas emissions", I think WordNet's noun.artifact? No, let's think of past WSD benchmark: "emission" context "carbon emissions" maybe annotated as 2? Not sure. We can rely on logic: The noun "emissions" = "greenhouse gases discharged" = substance.

But we must not hedge. Return JSON.

Need to output exactly {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no explanation.

Let's double-check: Could it be sense 1 because "the act of emitting" aligns with "reduce emissions" (reduce the act of emitting greenhouse gases)? Consider phrase "emission standards" refers to limits on the amount of pollutants emitted, i.e., amount of substances. But "emission controls" controls the release (act). WordNet sense 1 is act, causing to flow forth. The phrase "greenhouse-gas emissions" is the emissions of greenhouse gases; greenhouse gas modifies emissions? Actually "greenhouse-gas emissions" is noun-noun compound where the head is "emissions" and the modifier "greenhouse-gas" indicates what is emitted. If "emissions" means act, then "greenhouse-gas emissions" = act of emitting greenhouse gases. If "emissions" means substance, then = emitted greenhouse gases; redundant? "greenhouse-gas emissions" = emissions consisting of greenhouse gases. Both plausible.

In dictionary, "emission" is defined as "the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation" (act) and also "an amount of gas, heat, light, etc. that is sent out" (substance). Which sense for global warming? E.g., "carbon dioxide emissions from cars" refers to the gas released (substance). In policy, "cut emissions" = cut the amount of gases, not reduce the number of acts.

Also note synonyms: Sense 2 synonym "discharge" = a substance discharged. The phrase "a discharge of gas". The climate context often says "greenhouse-gas emissions" means substances, because reductions are measured in tons of CO2 equivalent (mass of substance). So sense 2.

Potential problem: WordNet definition of sense 2 "a substance that is emitted or released" may refer to a single separable substance, e.g., "a discharge". "Emissions" plural? It can be countable substances? In sense 2, noun can be plural? "Emissions" as substances: harmful emissions; yes.

Thus choose 2.

Need final JSON only. Ensure format exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored <t>climate</t> conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for target lemma climate, surface form climate. Context: UN-sponsored climate conference, reduce emissions, greenhouse gases. Climate here refers to the environmental/climatological domain, specifically weather averaged over long period. But candidate senses: 1 weather in some location averaged over some long period of time (clime). 2 prevailing psychological state (mood, climate of opinion). In phrase "climate conference", climate refers to climate system/weather conditions etc. So sense 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best WordNet sense for "conference" in the given context. Let me analyze the context:

"The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document..."

The target refers to a formal meeting/event where delegates gather to discuss climate issues. This is the U.N. climate conference, which is a large formal meeting.

Candidate senses:
1. conference%1:14:00 - a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. conference%1:14:01 - an association of sports teams (synonyms=league)
3. conference%1:10:00 - a discussion among participants who have an agreed serious topic (synonyms=group discussion)

Sense 1 seems best because:
- It refers to a meeting/event with a formal agenda
- The U.N. climate conference is literally a formal international meeting
- Sense 3 is more about the discussion process itself, while sense 1 is about the meeting/event
- The context mentions it as a sponsored event that gained focus and released documents

Sense 2 is clearly wrong (sports teams).

Between 1 and 3: Sense 1 (1:14:00) is the "meeting" sense, which is exactly what a U.N. conference is. Sense 3 (1:10:00) is "group discussion" - more abstract, about the act of discussing rather than the organized event.

In WordNet, conference%1:14:00 is typically the most common sense meaning "a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information..."

So the answer should be sense index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: focus
Target surface form: focus
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON object {"sense_index": ...}. The user wants to disambiguate target 'focus' in context. We need choose best sense. Let's analyze.

Context: The U.N.-sponsored climate conference characterized by unruly posturing gained renewed focus Friday with release of document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions... Gained renewed focus means it gained concentration of attention/energy on something. Synonyms: focusing, focal point, direction, centering. Sense 1: concentration of attention or energy on something. Fits. Sense 6 physical point of convergence. Sense 7 math. Sense 2 optical. Sense 3 idea clarity. Sense 4 infection. Sense 5 special emphasis attached to something; synonyms stress; e.g., the stress was more on accuracy. "Gained renewed focus" could be emphasis? Let's think nuance. "Focus" as noun could mean "special emphasis" or "the concentration of attention or energy". Which is better? The conference gained renewed focus = regained concentration/attention; there was renewed direction/centering. That matches sense 1. Sense 5 is special emphasis attached to something, often "focus on". Example "the stress was more on..." This is close. But schema sense 5 maybe "special emphasis attached to something" with synonym stress; it's about emphasis. However, context "gained renewed focus" in新闻报道 means regained a clear central purpose/attention. Sense 1 definition exactly "the concentration of attention or energy on something". Examples: "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life." This fits well: the conference gained renewed focus (direction/centering). So choose 1.

Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}, but index should be 1. Ensure no extra text.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "document" in given context. User wants JSON only. Target lemma document, surface form document. Context: U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions ... release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions ... The text, which could provide basis for final political deal... It's an official written document providing information, likely a report/plan. Candidate senses:
1. document%1:10:00:: = writing that provides information (especially official nature), synonyms written document, papers.
2. document%1:06:00:: = anything serving as representation of thinking by symbolic marks (broader, could include drawing, physical object? actually artifact).
3. document%1:21:00:: = written account of ownership or obligation (legal financial docs like deed, security).
4. computer science text file.
Context official U.N. document plan. So sense 1. Need return only JSON object {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduction
Target surface form: reductions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": 3 (or 1/2)}. Need choose best sense for "reductions" in context greenhouse-gas reductions over next 40 years. This is about decreasing emissions. Sense 1: act of decreasing or reducing something, synonyms decrease, diminution, step-down. Sense 2 chemistry. Sense 3 reducing complexity. So sense 1. Provide JSON. Must not include explanation, only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform Word Sense Disambiguation for target surface form "years" in given context. The candidate senses are indexed 1-4. We need choose single best indexed sense. Context: "reduce emissions... over the next 40 years". Here "years" means periods of time containing 365/366 days (calendar years), i.e., 40 calendar years. Not school year, not Martian year, not class. So best sense index 1. We must output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "burden" in "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term." It's a noun meaning an onerous or difficult concern/responsibility. Candidate senses: 1 an onerous concern. 2 weight to be borne/conveyed physical load. 3 central meaning/theme. 4 central idea expanded in document/discourse. Context: emissions reduction responsibility, shouldering most of the burden. This is figurative responsibility/onus. Sense 1 fits with synonyms load, encumbrance, onus; examples burden of responsibility. Sense 2 is physical loading. 3 and 4 central theme no. So answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD for word "term" in sentence: "...shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>." Context phrase "in the near term" idiom meaning in the near future / short period. Which candidate sense best fits? Sense 2 definition: a limited period of time examples: a prison term; he left school before the end of term. This fits "near term" = near future/term as period. Sense 6 is end of gestation. Sense 3 usually plural conditions. Sense 1 word. In phrase "in the near term" it's a limited period of time. So index 2. Need output JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "text" in this context.

The context is about a U.N. climate conference where a document was released outlining plans to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The sentence says: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles..."

Here, "text" refers to the actual content/words of the document that was released.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. the words of something written - synonyms: textual matter - examples include "the printed text of the mayor's speech"
2. a passage from the Bible used as a sermon subject
3. a book prepared for use in schools or colleges (textbook)
4. the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes)

The context is about a document released at the UN conference - it refers to a specific written document containing words. This could be sense 1 or sense 4.

Sense 1 is "the words of something written" - very broad, referring to textual matter/words.
Sense 4 is "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)"

The example for sense 4 is "pictures made the text easier to understand" - emphasizing text distinct from illustrations.

In our context, "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal..." - this seems to refer to a document as a whole, the actual written content. It's being used to refer to the released document in its entirety, which is the words/content of something written. It doesn't specifically contrast with illustrations or footnotes.

Actually, looking at the typical journalistic usage, when a treaty or political document is called "the text," it usually means the actual wording/content of the document. This is a common usage in treaty/diplomatic contexts - "the text of the agreement."

Sense 1 "the words of something written" with synonym "textual matter" seems to fit best. Examples like "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" match the idea of a released document containing words.

The phrase "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal" treats the text as the written content that forms the basis for an agreement. This aligns with sense 1.

Sense 4 would be more about distinguishing text from non-text elements like pictures, graphs, footnotes. There's no such contrast here.

The answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON object with sense_index. Need choose among three senses. Target lemma basis, surface basis. Context: document outlining reductions could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases. Which sense? Let's analyze.

Sense 1: basis%1:24:00:: relation that provides foundation for something; synonyms footing, ground; examples on friendly footing, worked on an interim basis. This is 'basis' as in 'on a ... basis', mode/condition. Could fit "provide the basis" but foundation relation, not necessarily assumptions.

Sense 2: basis%1:09:00:: fundamental assumptions from which something is begun/developed/calculated/explained; synonyms base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone; example whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture. This fits the document could be the foundation/groundwork for a final political deal. It is about assumptions/foundation for agreement/development.

Sense 3: basis%1:24:01:: most important/necessary part of something; synonyms base; example basis of this drink is orange juice. Could also fit 'basis for' meaning main constituent/part maybe. But in context "provide the basis for a final political deal" means underlying foundation/principle for negotiation, not the main part. Sense 2's fundamental assumptions/starting point/guiding principles matches a document outlining reductions providing groundwork for deal.

Need return only JSON. Use {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "deal" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the 9 candidates and return a JSON object with the sense index.

Looking at the context:
"The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

This is about a political deal/agreement between parties regarding greenhouse gas regulations. It's an formal agreement between nations/parties.

Candidate senses:
1. deal%1:04:02 - buying or selling transaction
2. deal%1:10:00 - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each - synonyms: bargain
3. deal%1:23:00 - large number/amount (a good deal of)
4. deal%1:27:00 - plank of softwood
5. deal%1:27:01 - wood that is easy to saw
6. deal%1:14:00 - cards held in a card game
7. deal%1:11:00 - type of treatment received (especially as result of an agreement), e.g. "good deal on his car"
8. deal%1:04:00 - act of distributing playing cards
9. deal%1:04:01 - act of apportioning or distributing something

The sentence talks about a "final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases." This is clearly an agreement between nations/parties, arrived at through negotiation, fixing obligations. This matches sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each."

Note that the user lists the candidate senses with indices 1-9. So sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: is at index 2, which is the best sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best WordNet sense for "obstacles" in context. Target lemma obstacle, surface obstacles. Candidate senses: 1 obstacle%1:09:00:: immaterial (psychological/abstract), 2 obstacle%1:06:00:: physical obstruction. In context: remaining obstacles in negotiation / political deal to regulate greenhouse gases. These are abstract difficulties, remaining barriers. So sense 1 immaterial. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "path" in context: "illuminated a path forward" in climate negotiation. This is metaphorical: a course of conduct/way forward. Candidate senses: 1 course of conduct (way, way of life), 2 designed way, 3 established line of travel/access route itinerary, 4 line/route along which something travels/moves track course. The phrase "a path forward" means a course of action/conduct. So sense 1. Need return JSON only.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD. Need choose among candidate senses. Let's analyze context. Target lemma advance, surface form advance. Sentence: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time". Here 'advance' noun refers to a step forward/progress in negotiation. Candidate senses: 1 movement forward (physical). 2 a change for the better; progress in development (improvement, betterment). 3 tentative suggestion (overture) - "she rejected his advances". 4 act of moving forward toward a goal (progress, advancement). 5 cash advance. 6 increase in price/value.

In context, "an important advance in a negotiation" = progress/development, improvement. It could be sense 2: change for the better; progress in development. But sense 4: the act of moving forward (as toward a goal). Which is best? Let's inspect WordNet definitions. advance%1:11:00:: movement forward (e.g., "he listened for the progress of the troops") - group event. advance%1:11:01:: a change for the better; progress in development (improvement, betterment). advance%1:04:00:: the act of moving forward (as toward a goal). In the sentence, "an important advance" as a noun meaning a step forward, a progression. Important advance in negotiation. Could map to sense 2 or 4. Need distinguish.

Let's recall WordNet senses for advance (noun): I can look from memory:
S: (n) progress, progression, advance (a movement forward) "he listened for the progress of the troops"
S: (n) improvement, betterment, advance (a change for the better; progress in development)
S: (n) overture, advance, approach, feeler (a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others) "she rejected his advances"
S: (n) progress, progression, procession, advance, advancement, forward motion, onward motion (the act of moving forward (as toward a goal))
S: (n) advance, cash advance (an amount paid before it is earned)
S: (n) advance, rise (increase in price or value) "the news caused a general advance on the stock market"

Now context: "important advance in a negotiation" - not movement of troops, not cash, not stock price, not sexual overtures. It is a development/progress. Sense 2 specifically "a change for the better; progress in development". Sense 4 is "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)". "an important advance" as countable event (a development). The phrase "advance in a negotiation" often corresponds to sense 2 (progress in development). Let's compare examples. Sense 2 synonyms: improvement, betterment; definition includes progress in development. That fits "important advance in negotiation". Sense 4 synonyms: progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion; definition: the act of moving forward (as toward a goal). It can also fit, but more about act/process (uncountable?). "an important advance" is a countable step; sense 2 maybe more specific to a positive development. The preceding context: document could provide basis final political deal; it highlighted remaining obstacles as much as path forward; but seen as important advance. It is a positive development (change for the better). So likely sense 2.

We need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. No sense key. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose sense index for target word 'negotiation' in context. Sentence: "But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time". Actually target surface negotiation. The article: U.N. climate conference. The conference is characterized by negotiation? Here 'negotiation' refers to ongoing process/discussion intended to produce agreement or the activity/business of negotiating. Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement (countable? examples the buyout negotiation lasted several days). Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms. Context: "important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time" implies an ongoing process/instance of dialogue. Could be sense 1 or 2. We need decide single best.

We need understand WordNet senses. For noun 'negotiation', there are 2 senses in WordNet 3.0 likely:
1. negotiation, dialogue, talks -- a discussion intended to produce an agreement; "they began... with some disagreement but enough common ground to negotiate"
2. negotiation -- the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms
While 'a discussion intended to produce an agreement' (countable) vs 'activity or business' (uncountable/mass). In phrase 'an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time', determiners 'a' and 'that is' refer to a single event/process. Article talks about climate conference as negotiation. This likely sense 1 (the dialogue/talks), not sense 2 (activity). However phrase "running out of time" could refer to the negotiation process. Hmm.

Let's examine examples given.
Sense 1 examples: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue". It concerns a specific discussion event, can use determiner 'a'. Gloss explicitly mentions a discussion intended to produce an agreement. Synonyms dialogue, talks.
Sense 2 examples not given but gloss: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". Could be used like "handled by negotiation rather than conflict".

Now in context: "important advance in a negotiation" suggests a specific set of talks (between countries) to produce agreement. Also 'final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases', '100 world leaders arriving' for talks. The word refers to the ongoing international discussion in Copenhagen, which is a conference/negotiation. That's more sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement. Although it may denote activity, given synonyms dialogue/talks map well. 'Outstanding obstacles' etc.

Consider determiners: "a negotiation" with singular count favors sense 1. Sense 2 as mass noun would not usually combine with 'a'? Actually one could say "a negotiation" as shorthand for the process in colloquial use, but WordNet sense 2 uncountable: "the activity or business of negotiating". With "an important advance in a negotiation" it is the negotiation event/proceeding. Let's choose index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON object with sense_index. Need choose best sense for "time" in phrase "running out of time". Context: negotiation running out of time. This means available time as a resource to accomplish something. Candidate sense 2: a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something. Examples: take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish. "running out of time" fits sense 2. Sense 4 suitable moment maybe "it is time to go". But "running out of time" is about remaining resource. Sense 3 indefinite period. Sense 5 continuum. Best is 2. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "leaders" in the context of "more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week." This clearly refers to people who rule or guide others (world leaders = heads of state, political leaders).

Sense 1: "a person who rules or guides or inspires others" - this matches perfectly.
Sense 2: "a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers" - this is a commercial/marketing sense, completely unrelated.

The answer should be sense_index 1.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose best sense for 'week' in context: "more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week." Candidate senses: 1 any period of seven consecutive days (hebdomad); 2 hours/days of work; 3 calendar week starting Sunday.

Context: next week means a period of seven consecutive days, not specifically workweek nor calendar week (Sunday?). General sense week%1:28:00:: any period of seven consecutive days fits. Sense index 1. Need JSON. Ensure no extra formatting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose best WordNet sense for target 'text' in context. Context: document outlining reductions, 'The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal... Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money...'. This refers to the written document/words of the document. Candidate senses: 1 words of something written; 4 main body of a written work distinct from illustrations/footnotes. Which is better? It refers to a released document outlining reductions, called 'the text'. It could be 'the words of something written' i.e. the text of the document. Sense 1 examples: printed text of mayor's speech, words of text. Sense 4: main body of a written work as distinct from illustrations/footnotes; pictures made the text easier. In this news context, 'text' means the document (draft text), perhaps the words/content. Both plausible. However, 'text' as a draft document is often sense 1? Let's analyze WordNet senses for noun text:
- text%1:10:00:: the words of something written (textual matter)
- text%1:10:01:: the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)
- text%1:10:02:: a book prepared for use in schools (textbook)
- text%1:10:03:: a passage from Bible used as subject of sermon
Context: 'the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give' — meaning the document's wording/provisions. Sense 1 'words of something written' is broad. Sense 4 specifically main body of written work, not supplementary material. This is a document's main text; not a textbook or bible. Could be sense 4 because 'text' is a written work/document and we're referring to its content/main body. However examples for sense 4 emphasize contrast with pictures/footnotes, which isn't relevant. Sense 1 examples include printed text of speech. News sentence 'The text, which could provide basis for final political deal' likely equates text to the document itself (a written text). WordNet lexical definition: sense 1 'the words of something written' is often used for actual words/written matter. Sense 4 'main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)'. Which sense does the word 'text' in 'The text is silent on...' align? It refers to the document as a whole. But WordNet often uses 'text' for 'draft text' as sense 1? Let's search memory: In SemCor/WordNet sense annotation, 'text' in 'the text of the agreement' maybe sense 1. Sense 4 might be used when there are pictures/illustrations/footnotes in a book. 'Pictures made the text easier' indicates the main body. Here no mention of illustrations. The focus is the document's content/provisions (wording). Sense 1 likely best. Need answer JSON exact. No hedge. I'll choose sense_index 1. Ensure JSON format only: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best index for target word money in context. Let's analyze senses.

Sense 1: money%1:21:00:: definition: the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender. Example: we tried to collect the money he owed us. This general medium of exchange, currency/cash. Sense 2: wealth reckoned in terms of money. Example: all his money is in real estate. Sense 3: official currency issued by government/national bank. Example: he changed his money into francs.

Context: "the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term." This refers to funds/financial resources that rich countries would give poor ones. It's about quantity of money as a medium of exchange/legal tender, funds. Not wealth reckoned in terms of money (net worth). Not official currency (units issued by a government—changing into francs). It concerns amount of money transferred. The phrase "how much money" maps to "we tried to collect the money he owed us" sense 1. Specifically money as medium of exchange; functions as legal tender. Sense index 1.

We need only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need disambiguate word "countries" in context: U.N. climate conference, rich countries would give poor ones money. Candidate senses listed. Let's map indices: sense_key=country%1:14:00:: index 1 political organized body of people under single government synonyms state, nation, land, commonwealth. 2 country%1:15:00:: territory occupied by a nation synonyms state, land. 3 country%1:14:01:: people who live in a nation or country synonyms nation, land. 4 rural area. 5 particular geographical region.

Context: "rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming". Rich and poor countries: meaning rich nations/governments. It's about sovereign states politically organized. Is sense 1 "politically organized body of people under single government" or sense 2 territory? Rich countries likely refers to nations as states, which are geopolitical entities. "poor ones" pronoun ones referring countries. Money rich countries give poor ones: the nations as governments. The examples for sense 1: the state has elected a new president; African nations. "African nations" equivalent. Sense 2 examples: the land of his birth; he visited several European countries. This is territory or place visited, not political actors.

Sense 3: the people of a nation, e.g., statement that sums up nation's mood. Not "rich countries give... money" because the governments are involved, not the people.

So best sense index is 1. But let's examine subtlety: "country" in pl countries in political UN context = states/nations. The exact WordNet sense definitions: 1 a politically organized body of people under a single government (state, nation). 2 territory occupied by a nation (state, land). Many uses blend. In this sentence, rich countries as political entities (governments) => 1. The phrase "rich countries" often maps to industrialized nations, e.g., "rich countries shouldering burden" = nations. Yes.

Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor <t>ones</t> to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON only. Need disambiguate "ones" in sentence: "how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming". "ones" is a pronoun substituting for "countries". Candidate senses: one%1:23:00:: = number; one%1:09:00:: = a single person or thing. Here "poor ones" refers to poor countries (plural), an anaphoric use, meaning "those" / "ones" as substitute for noun. In WordNet, likely sense 1:09:00 = a single person or thing, maybe includes pronominal use? The plural "ones" here is not the number. The definition "a single person or thing" with examples "he is the best one; this is the one I ordered" refers to pronoun substituting for a noun (a single one). Even though context plural, the lemma "one" used as pronoun to refer back to "countries". So choose sense_index 2. The instructions: return JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. Use actual index from candidate list: 2. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long <t>term</t>. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer word sense disambiguation. Target lemma term, surface 'term' appears in context: 'over the short and long <t>term</t>'. Need choose best sense among 7.

Analyzing phrase 'short and long term' = periods of time. Candidate sense 2: a limited period of time (a prison term; end of term). Sense 3: usually plural terms as conditions (terms of treaty). Sense 6: full term end of gestation. The phrase 'over the short and long term' refers to time periods. WordNet schema: term%1:28:00:: definition a limited period of time. Example 'a prison term; he left school before the end of term'. Fits. Also 'in the near term' used earlier in context. So sense_index 2.

Need return JSON only exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: range
Target surface form: range
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a <t>range</t> of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=range%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=scope, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. sense_key=range%1:15:01:: | definition=the limits within which something can be effective | synonyms=reach | examples=range of motion; he was beyond the reach of their fire
3. sense_key=range%1:15:02:: | definition=a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze | examples=they used to drive the cattle across the open range every spring; he dreamed of a home on the range
4. sense_key=range%1:17:00:: | definition=a series of hills or mountains | synonyms=mountain range, range of mountains, chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains | examples=the valley was between two ranges of hills; the plains lay just beyond the mountain range
5. sense_key=range%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds | examples=the army maintains a missile range in the desert; any good golf club will have a range where you can practice
6. sense_key=range%1:14:00:: | definition=a variety of different things or activities | examples=he answered a range of questions; he was impressed by the range and diversity of the collection
7. sense_key=range%1:14:01:: | definition=(mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined | synonyms=image, range of a function | examples=the image of f(x) = x^2 is the set of all non-negative real numbers if the domain of the function is the set of all real numbers
8. sense_key=range%1:09:00:: | definition=the limit of capability | synonyms=compass, reach, grasp | examples=within the compass of education
9. sense_key=range%1:06:01:: | definition=a kitchen appliance used for cooking food | synonyms=stove, kitchen stove, kitchen range, cooking stove | examples=dinner was already on the stove

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "range" in sentence: "And it provides a range of options for the key questions..." Here range means a variety of different things or activities. Candidate sense 6: a variety of different things or activities; examples "he answered a range of questions". That matches. Need output {"sense_index": 6}. Ensure no extra text.