[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "treatment" in a specific context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about Cerenia, a medicine for dogs to prevent/treat vomiting. The target sentence is: "For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

The context is clearly medical - it's about treating vomiting in dogs with Cerenia tablets. "For follow-up treatment" means continuing the medical care/therapy for the dog's vomiting condition.

This matches sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" with synonym "intervention".

The other senses don't fit:
- Sense 2 is about management/handling of things like prisoners or sewage
- Sense 3 is artistic treatment
- Sense 4 is discourse/discussion

The answer should be sense_index 1.

The user wants only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, so I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: owner
Target surface form: owner
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: | definition=(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business | synonyms=proprietor | examples=he is the owner of a chain of restaurants
2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who owns something | synonyms=possessor | examples=they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for lemma owner in context. Need choose between sense index 1: business owner proprietor, and 2: person who owns something possessor. Context: animal owner can administer tablets to the dog. Owner here refers to person who owns the animal, not necessarily a business. Sense 2 examples include owner of car etc. So choose index 2. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "administer" in a specific context.

Context analysis: The text is about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine for dogs. The sentence is: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog."

Here, "administer" means to give or apply medication to an animal (a dog). The owner gives the tablets to the dog.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. administer%2:41:00:: - work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of
   Examples: administer a program; she administers the funds
   This is about managing/administering programs or funds. Not relevant here.

2. administer%2:40:01:: - perform (a church sacrament) ritually
   Examples: administer the last unction
   Religious context. Not relevant.

3. administer%2:40:00:: - administer or bestow, as in small portions
   Synonyms: distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense
   Examples: administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
   This is about distributing in small portions. While "dispense" is a synonym, this is more about allocating/distributing portions, not specifically giving medicine.

4. administer%2:29:00:: - give or apply (medications)
   Synonyms: dispense
   This is the medical sense - giving medication. This matches the context perfectly: the owner gives tablets (medicine) to the dog.

5. administer%2:41:01:: - direct the taking of
   Examples: administer an exam; administer an oath
   This is about conducting exams or oaths. Not relevant.

The best sense is clearly sense 4: "give or apply (medications)".

The instructions say:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense
2. Use context, synonyms, examples
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
4. Return only JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}

So I should return: {"sense_index": 4}

I need to make sure I only return the JSON object,nothing else.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablets
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the <t>tablets</t> to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Need choose sense for "tablets" in context: a medicine for vomiting dog. Tablets administered by owner to dog as follow-up to injection. So medicine dose, small pellet. Sense 4: dose of medicine tablet%1:06:00. Need ensure index matching candidate list numbering 1-4. So {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the <t>dog</t>. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need output JSON only. We need determine sense for 'dog' in sentence: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog." Context about veterinary medicine, laboratory dogs, animal patients, vomiting dogs, tablet to dog. Clearly domestic canine. Sense 1: animal, Canis familiaris. Index? Candidate senses listed 1-7. Return sense_index 1. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Need choose single best indexed sense for target word "treatment" in given context. The target surface appears in phrase "the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure..." This is medical context: treatment of vomiting, alongside supportive measures/therapy addressing underlying causes. Candidate sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (medical procedures intended to relieve illness/injury), synonyms intervention. This fits. Sense 2: management/handling e.g. handling of prisoners, sewage. Not best because it's medical treatment. Sense 3 artistic. No. Sense 4 discussion. No. So index 1.
Need only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure not include extra text.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense for target 'only' in sentence. Need analyze. Target is in sentence: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting." Need determine which sense of only (adverb? part_of_speech likely all 4:02 adverbs). Candidate senses:
1. "and nothing more" synonyms merely, simply, just, but. Examples: I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time. This is restrictive but not exclusion; means no more than; like "only to help".
2. "without any others being included or involved" synonyms entirely, exclusively, solely, alone. Examples: was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children.
3. "with nevertheless the final result" — "He arrived only to find his wife dead".
4. "in the final outcome" — "These news will only make you more upset".
5. "except that" — "It was the same story; only this time..."
6. "never except when" — "call me only if your cold gets worse".
7. "as recently as" — "I spoke to him only an hour ago".

Context: The treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measures or other veterinary therapy while addressing underlying causes. Interpretation: Treatment should not occur alone; it should be together with other supportive measures. Or "should only be together with...": i.e., treatment of vomiting should be exclusively in conjunction with other measures; without others, not included. Which WordNet sense best fits? Need be careful between sense 1 and 2. The phrase "should only be together with" can mean "should be exclusively together with"? The synonyms for sense 2 are entirely/exclusively/solely/alone. The phrase "only together with" might mean "exclusively in the company of; not without; no other situation". Hmm.

Let's parse semantic meaning. It says "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes." The intent: treatment with Cerenia should be used alongside supportive measures/therapy, not as sole therapy. The word "only" here is used as a restriction on the manner/condition: it should be together with other measures and nothing else? Actually "only together with" means "only if together with" maybe sense 6 (never except when). But the construction is "should only be together with..." may imply "the only situation in which it should be is when it is together with..." That is sense 6: never except when, only if. Let's consider examples: "call me only if your cold gets worse" -> only if condition. "should only be together with other supportive measure" -> should be only when together with. This could map to sense 6, though its synonyms are only if, only when. But WordNet sense 6 definition "never except when". Examples "call me only if your cold gets worse". Does "only together with" fit "never except when"? Could say "treatment should never be [done] except when it is together with other supportive measures". Yes.

Sense 2 (without any others being included or involved) examples: entirely to blame, school devoted entirely to... These are not conditional; they denote exclusivity/solely. "The treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure" - "only" modifies "be together with other supportive measures". It is not modifying the verb be by itself as "exclusively be together"? "only be" in sense 2? Let's examine natural readings. If we substitute synonyms:
- sense 1 "merely/simply/just": "should merely be together with other supportive measure" -> means treatment should just/merely be together with other measures? Awkward perhaps but possible. Means "and nothing more than together with".
- sense 2 "exclusively/solely": "should exclusively be together with other supportive measure" -> means treatment should be nothing other than in combination with other supports. This matches meaning a prohibition of monotherapy.
- sense 6 "only if": "should be only if/when together with other supportive measure" -> strongly conditional.

Which sense is typical for "only together with"? Let's find corpus mental. "A should only be used together with B" is extremely common in drug labels. WordNet example? likely not. The meaning is "A should be used exclusively in combination with B (not alone)". Does WordNet have sense for that? Maybe sense 2 "without any others being included or involved". Because "only together with" means no other situation without B? Hmm.

WordNet schemas: sense 4:02:02 "and nothing more" covers "only" as an adverb meaning merely, simply, just. Example "he was merely asking" -> "he was only asking". It is used with verbs to indicate nothing more than what is stated. For "should only be together with" means "should be nothing more than together with" -> "treatment should be merely together with..." But the phrase points to exclusivity of combination.

Sense 4:02:01 covers "without any others being included or involved". Synonyms entirely/exclusively/solely/alone. Its examples: "was entirely to blame"; "a school devoted entirely to...". This sense selects exclusion of others, not "mere". In phrase "only together with other supportive measures", the word "only" doesn't precede verb and mean solely? It qualifies "together with" to say exclusively in combination. It is like "exclusively together with" meaning excluding alone use. Could be sense 2.

The task says use context and examples and synonyms. Need do fine-grained WSD. Context of veterinary medication label: "treatment ... should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy". This is a safety instruction: not to use as sole treatment, but in conjunction. "Only" expressing exclusivity (the only acceptable circumstance is co-administration). That is closest to what sense in WordNet? Let's look at gloss and examples again.

Sense 6 "never except when" synonyms only if, only when. Example: call me only if your cold gets worse. This is conditional. If we rephrase: "Treatment should not be [initiated] except when it is together with other supportive measures." This is very close to context. Word "only" here means except that/only when. The sentence "should only be together with other supportive measures" = "should be only when together with". That maps to sense 6. However is "only" in this position before a verb to be? WordNet sense 6 seems to apply to "only if/when" constructions.

Let's test each candidate by substitution:
1. "should and-nothing-more be together with..." doesn't make sense.
2. "should without any others being included be together with..." okay: no other circumstances included except being together.
3. "with nevertheless final result be together" no.
4. "in final outcome be together" no.
5. "except that" used as conjunction, no.
6. "should never except when be together with..." good.
7. "as recently as" no.

Sense 2 also okay: "should without any others being included be together with". But exact nuance? Maybe WordNet distinguishes: sense 2 when only modifies a noun or verb to indicate "exclusively" as in "only John came". But the example "a school devoted entirely to the needs" indicates "exclusively" modifying an adjective/participle. "only together with" could be sense 2? Let's inspect WordNet sense 4:02:01 examples: "was entirely to blame" entirely modifies predicate. "a school devoted entirely to the needs..." modifies devotion. It stresses completeness that no other involvement.

Sense 2 synonyms: entirely, exclusively, solely, alone; definition "without any others being included or involved". Sense 1 synonyms: merely, simply, just, but; definition "and nothing more". The difference: sense 2 = excluding everything/everyone else; sense 1 = no more than. "Only together with other supportive measures" could be "exclusively together" (not alone). That is sense 2.

But the phrase "only be together with other supportive measure" may not be "only" modifying "together with" but "only" modifying "be" in sense of restriction "should not be [done] under any other condition than together with..." That is conditionality. WordNet sense 6 is "never except when". In drug labels, "should only be used in combination" is exactly condition? "Only in combination" qualifies the use: never use except in combination. It is both exclusivity and condition.

Need choose single best. Let's analyze part of speech tag. All candidates are adverb. The target "only" precedes verb "be". WordNet adverb senses:
- 4:02:00: with nevertheless final result (only to find).
- 4:02:01: without any others being included or involved (exclusively).
- 4:02:02: and nothing more (merely).
- 4:02:03: never except when (only if/when).
- 4:02:04: in the final outcome.
- 4:02:05: as recently as.
- 4:02:06: except that.

The phrase "only be together with" is not an "only to find" usage, not "as recently as", not "except that". It is broad adverbial restriction.

Could it be sense 2 as "solely"? Let's search memory of WordNet WSD datasets: Sentence "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measures" might have been annotated? Let's think. This looks like an EMEA or Medline sentence from SemCor/WordNet? The word "only" has sense keys. If there is a gold standard, which one? We have to infer.

Maybe the label expectations: "only" often maps to sense 4:02:02 "and nothing more". In many contexts, "only" = "merely/simply/just". However here the meaning is not "merely". But generic glosses might cause annotators to choose most frequent sense 1? Need not default to frequency; context matters.

Let's think of WSD algorithmic mapping. "only" in this position may be considered manner adjunct? It restricts to combination with other therapies. The sense key only%4:02:01 is wordNet 'without any others being included or involved'. Examples: "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children". If you say "treatment should be only together with other supportive measures" the closest synonym might be "exclusively". So sense 2. Additionally, "solely together with" works: "treatment should solely be together with other supportive measures". Sense 2 synonyms include solely.

But consider "together with" itself means accompanied by others. "Only together with" could be redundant? It emphasizes that there is no situation where treatment is not accompanied. That is "only if". However, "only" + prepositional phrase/adverbial "together with" could restrict condition: "only in combination". WordNet sense 6 "never except when" synonyms: only if, only when. Example: "call me only if your cold gets worse". Here "only" works with a conditional clause / prepositional phrase? Actually "only if" introduces conditional clause; "only when" time condition. The target in sentence combines with "together with..." not "only if together with" but "only together with". The synonymous phrase could be "only when together with" but not exactly. Still sense 6 might not have synonyms matching "together with". Sense 2 matches "exclusively together".

Let's examine the exact wording: "should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes". Could be "only" modifying "be" as an adverb of restriction. You can say "The treatment should only be used together with..." (typical). In WordNet, what sense for "only" in "The medicine should only be taken with food"? I'd interpret as "exclusively" i.e., no other way than with food. That is sense 2.

However, there is also sense 3 'with nevertheless final result' often "only to". Sense 4 'in final outcome' often "only make" (bad outcome). Not relevant.

Need choose one. Let's do deeper semantic and syntactic analysis.

Senses hierarchy in WordNet for adverb 'only':
Key only%4:02:00:: presumably sense 1 in WordNet? But candidate list uses index 0 to 6. They have:
0. sense_key 4:02:00 -> definition with nevertheless final result
1. 4:02:01 -> without any others being included or involved (exclusively)
2. 4:02:02 -> and nothing more (merely)
3. 4:02:03 -> never except when (only if)
4. 4:02:04 -> in the final outcome
5. 4:02:06 -> except that
6. 4:02:05 -> as recently as

Need output sense_index starting 1? Candidate list numbering from 1 to 7. Output format {"sense_index": 3}. The user says choose single best indexed sense; candidate sense numbering 1..7. We need output index matching that list. So indices: 1=4:02:02 merely; 2=4:02:01 exclusively; 3=4:02:00 only to; 4=4:02:04 final outcome; 5=4:02:06 except that; 6=4:02:03 only if; 7=4:02:05 as recently as. Be careful mapping. Don't output sense key.

Now decide between index 2 (sense_key 4:02:01 exclusively) or index 6 (sense_key 4:02:03 never except when) maybe index 1 (merely). Need pick one.

Let's explore corpora: "should only be used together with" in WSD? another possibility: In WordNet 3.0, adverb sense03 (4:02:03) is "never except when; 'call me only if your cold gets worse'". Actually that sense seems to be the one used in "only when/only if" conditional contexts. Our sentence is not conditional clause with if/when.

Sense02 (4:02:02) is probably the most common "and nothing more". But the meaning is not mere. Yet "only" with verb commonly maps to sense 2 in many cases? Let's see examples of "only be" from WordNet? Not given.

Maybe there is a subtle distinction between sense 1 (merely) and sense 2 (exclusively). If you say "women and children were only allowed to enter the building"? Not.

Let's attempt to define each sense:
- sense 4:02:02 "and nothing more" (synonyms merely, simply, just, but). It is used to minimize, emphasize smallness or limitation. "I was merely asking" means I wanted nothing else. "It is simply a matter of time" means nothing more. This is a limit on extent.
- sense 4:02:01 "without any others being included or involved" (synonyms entirely, exclusively, solely, alone). It excludes alternatives. For example, "She is only five" (and nothing more). That's sense 02. "The bank was open only to women" (exclusively). That's sense 01.

Our phrase "should only be together with other supportive measures" means it is restricted to happening along with other supportive measures; it excludes the situation where it is alone. This is exclusivity, not minimization. So index 2.

But the phrase "together with" includes other measures. So "only together with" could be read as "the only situation is together" = exclusivity. Yes, index 2 synonyms "exclusively, solely" fit: "should exclusively be together with other supportive measures." However, in natural English, we would more likely say "should be used only in conjunction with..." where "only" qualifies "in conjunction with" (exclusively). Index 2.

Let's see if "only" means "never except when" might be better because co-administration is a condition. The WordNet sense 6 gloss "never except when" plus synonyms "only if, only when" is a type of exclusivity over conditions. But the target modifies "be together with" not "if". There is no if/when. I think index 2 is the best.

Let's perhaps reconsider index 1: "and nothing more: should and nothing more be together with..." That's not as accurate. So index 2.

We must output JSON.

But we need be confident. Let's think of examples and synonyms all together. Context from veterinary drug label: instructions. It says treatment should "only be together with" other supportive measure or therapy while addressing underlying causes. This is a restriction that the use of Cerenia should not be isolated. Synonyms "solely" maybe "should solely be together with" implies not solely by itself? Actually "solely be together with" is awkward; "should be together with" not "should solely be together". But "exclusively" works: "should exclusively be together with" = "must only be in combination with". For sense 6: "should never be [given] except when together with". That is also possible and arguably a clearer safety instruction. But is there a "never" reading? The sentence doesn't negate before the verb; "only" does it. The gloss for sense6 is "never except when". In this manner, for the target restricting a verb phrase, sense6 might be appropriate when preceding an "if/when" phrase; but with "together with" (a condition), still possible.

Let's see WordNet distinguishes sense 2 (exclusively) vs sense 6 (except when) as related. Examples:
- sense 2: "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children" -> the school has no other purpose.
- sense 6: "call me only if your cold gets worse" -> exception condition.

Our sentence: "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure..." This is more like a condition? It says you should address underlying causes and use supportive measures; the treatment should be only along with such measures. It defines a condition for treatment. "Only if given together with other therapy" = condition. But the target "only" is adjacent to "be", not "if". However semantics of "together with" is adverbial phrase of condition/circumstance.

If we use a paraphrase "the treatment should only be administered together with supportive therapy" -> "should only be administered if supportive therapy is also given". This maps to sense 6. But the wording does not use "administered". It uses "be together with". If we think of "only" modifying "together with", then maybe index 2.

Let's consider the syntactic parsing:
"the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure..."
Adverb "only" modifies the copular verb phrase "be together with..." The scope of only is the predicate "together with other supportive measures". Since the predicate is the circumstance, "only" restricts the predicate to that circumstance. WordNet sense 2 ("without any others being included") senses a scope over a predicate and means "to the exclusion of other predicates". It includes "entirely to blame", where scope is adjective predicate. Similarly "devoted entirely to". So index 2 is fine.

Sense 6 would require the scope to be a conditional clause; without if/when, not due. For index 6, to replace "only" you'd need "never except when". Does "treatment should never be together except when with other supportive therapy"? That's weird.

Therefore best index 2.

However, if the semantic roles are not a conditioner? Let's examine possible human annotation; human may pick sense 1 because most frequent and generic. But instruction says not hedge and use context. It wants best.

Let's search memory of these candidate lists from a possible dataset (EuroVoc/EMEA). The target sentence comes from an EMA veterinary medicine EPAR for Cerenia. There may be annotations by WordNet名士? I recall such sentences from "Some drugs should only be used together with ..." Maybe annotations use only%4:02:01. I'm not certain. But okay.

Let's ensure answer is exactly JSON. {"sense_index": 2}. No extra.

Double-check: The candidate list numbers are 1 sense_key only%4:02:02, 2 sense_key only%4:02:01. Yes index 2 corresponds sense 4:02:01 definition without others involved. Good.

Now final answer.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "other" in a given context.

Context: "...the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Candidate senses:
1. other%3:00:00:: - not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
2. other%5:00:00:past:00 - recently past
3. other%5:00:02:past:00 - belonging to the distant past
4. other%5:00:00:strange:00 - very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected

In the sentence, "other supportive measure" means additional/different supportive measures not already mentioned. The phrase "other veterinary therapy" means different/additional therapies beyond the immediate treatment.

The first sense "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" fits perfectly. The other senses (recently past, distant past, strange) do not fit.

The correct sense is sense 1, which corresponds to sense_index: 1.

The format requested is: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD. We have target lemma measure, surface form measure. Context: veterinary text about Cerenia, vomiting, "treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing underlying causes". Here measure means action/procedure/maneuver taken to achieve a goal. Candidate senses:
1. any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; synonyms step. That fits: supportive measure = supportive step/action.
2. quantity/amount, no.
3. statute bill, no.
4. act/process of assigning numbers, no.
5. basis for comparison, no.
6. prosody, no.
7. musical, no.
8. measuring instrument, no.
9. container, no.
Best is sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": X}. Need choose best sense for "other" in phrase "other veterinary therapy" within context: "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting." This is the determiner/adjective sense meaning additional or different from already mentioned: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. That's sense 1. Not sense 2 (recently past), 3 (distant past), 4 (strange). So index 1. Return only JSON.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for target lemma address, surface addressing. Context: veterinary text, treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. Meaning: dealing with/treating underlying causes. Candidate sense definitions. Need map sense_index? The candidates numbered 1-10. Need return sense_index corresponding to best indexed sense. Let's examine each.
1 address%2:32:00:: speak to; turn to.
2 give a speech to; speak.
3 put address on envelope.
4 direct a question at someone.
5 address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, e.g., question. Could fit "while addressing the underlying causes" = apply oneself to causes? But more specifically there is sense 8 address%2:32:04:: act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression; cover, treat, handle, plow, deal; examples This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization. That deals with a subject.
6 greet with title.
7 access/locate by address.
9 speak to someone; accost.
10 adjust golf.
The context: addressing the underlying causes of vomiting. Synonyms: "treating" / "handling". Sense 8 synonyms include cover, treat, handle, plow, deal. Although definition phrase says "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" and examples are about books/courses, but WordNet gloss is schematic. Sense 5 is "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question". That also could fit. Need decide between 5 and 8.
WordNet sense address v.2:32:04 maybe "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression" (cover, treat, handle, plow, deal, address). Actually address%2:32:04 is "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression". The gloss in candidate: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression". Semantically fits handling/treating a subject. In context "addressing the underlying causes" = treating/handling the underlying causes. That corresponds to sense 8. Sense 5 (address%2:34:00) is to apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts toward something, such as a question. Not exactly causes; possible. But phrase "addressing the underlying causes" common medical English means treating/identifying and managing causes. The synonyms of 8 include treat/handle/deal. So best index 8.
Return only JSON exactly {"sense_index": 8}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "underlying" in the given context. I need to choose the single best sense among three candidates and return a JSON object with the sense index.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about Cerenia, a medicine for treating vomiting in dogs.
- The sentence containing the target is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting."

Now let me consider the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00
   - definition: in the nature of something though not readily apparent
   - synonyms: implicit in, inherent
   - examples: shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning

2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00
   - definition: located beneath or below
   - This is the literal, spatial meaning.

3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00
   - definition: being or involving basic facts or principles
   - synonyms: fundamental, rudimentary
   - examples: the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incompatibility between them

In the phrase "underlying causes of the vomiting," what does "underlying" mean?
- It refers to the fundamental or basic causes that are responsible for the vomiting.
- It's about identifying the root/basic cause rather than just treating the symptom.
- In medical contexts, "underlying cause" is a common collocation meaning the fundamental cause or root cause.

Sense 3 seems to fit best: "being or involving basic facts or principles" with synonyms "fundamental, rudimentary." The phrase "underlying causes" means fundamental causes.

Could sense 1 work? "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" with synonyms "implicit in, inherent." While underlying causes may not always be readily apparent, the emphasis here is on the causal/fundamental nature rather than on being implicit or inherent. Medical usage of "underlying cause" strongly aligns with "fundamental cause."

Sense 2 (located beneath or below) is clearly metaphorical/literal spatial and doesn't fit this abstract medical context.

So the best answer is sense 3.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target lemma cause, surface causes, context about underlying causes of vomiting. The phrase: "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting". This means the factors/conditions that produce vomiting. Candidate senses:

1. events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something. Examples: cause of the crash. This is a cause as event/state producing effect. It is often used for cause of disease/symptom. "underlying causes of vomiting" = factors/events generating vomiting. Could fit.

4. any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results; synonyms causal agent, causal agency. This is often an entity (person, substance, bacteria). For vomiting, underlying causes could be diseases or agents? But "causes" here likely not entity? In medical context, "underlying cause" can be disease. But WordNet sense 1 event/generative force is more abstract. Let's examine.

Definition 1: events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something. Example cause of the crash. This can include "underlying causes of vomiting" (e.g., infection, toxin) as events/conditions. Definition 4: any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results. Example: "the cause of the accident was the icy road"? Not entity. Sense 4 usually used for agents (persons, organisms).

In WordNet, cause%1:11:00:: is a noun denoting events that provide generative force (abstract). cause%1:03:00:: is entity (agent). The phrase "underlying causes" in medical writing about vomiting likely means cause as reason/etiology, which is closer to sense 1. The word "cause" singular in "cause of death" maps to sense 1. Also "cause and effect" sense 1.

Need not answer with sense key, just JSON sense_index. The index corresponds to candidate list 1-5. Best is 1. Ensure final only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the <t>risk</t> associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON only. Need choose sense index. Let's analyze. Target lemma risk, surface risk. Context: EMA-like document about Cerenia veterinary medicine. Sentence: "What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated..." This is about possible danger/adverse effects/safety of a drug. Candidate senses: 1 source of danger; possibility of incurring loss or misfortune (hazard, peril). 2 venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury (a danger). 3 probability of becoming infected given exposure. 4 probability of being exposed to infectious agent. Context is about medication risk; sense 1 is general source of danger/possibility of adverse outcome. Sense 2 could be risk of undertaking treatment? But context asks "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" answer about tolerability/safety, not venture. It's a source of danger / possibility of harm, i.e., hazard/peril. So sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generally
Target surface form: generally
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was <t>generally</t> well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target word 'generally'. Context: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..." Means as a general rule, in most cases, commonly. Candidate senses: 1 definition usually; as a rule synonyms by and large, mostly. 2 definition without distinction of one from others (in general). 3 definition without regard to specific details or exceptions (broadly). In this context, 'generally well tolerated' means 'in general/usually/commonly'. Best match is sense 1: usually; as a rule. Although 'well-tolerated generally' in medical contexts often maps to "in most cases". Sense 1 examples align. Need return JSON only. Ensure single index.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense of adverb "well" in sentence: "Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily...".

Need output JSON {"sense_index": <index>}. Candidate senses are numbered 1-13. The target is "well tolerated". Well modifies "tolerated" indicating tolerance to a high standard or satisfactory manner. Sense index 1: definition (often used as combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. Examples: the children behaved well; a task well done. "well tolerated" matches in a satisfactory manner / to a high standard. So answer 1.

Need ensure format exactly JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tolerate
Target surface form: tolerated
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tolerate%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
2. sense_key=tolerate%2:41:01:: | definition=recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others) | examples=We must tolerate the religions of others
3. sense_key=tolerate%2:39:00:: | definition=have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition | examples=The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him
4. sense_key=tolerate%2:32:01:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=allow, permit | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "tolerated" in context of veterinary medicine: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..." This is the medical/pharmacological sense meaning the drug was accepted/borne without adverse effects. Candidate 3: have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition, example: patient does not tolerate anti-inflammatory drugs. Candidate 1: put up with something unpleasant, more general. Candidate 3 specifically about tolerance for a drug. The phrase "well tolerated" is standard in medicine meaning few adverse effects. So sense 3. Need return JSON only exactly {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administered
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "administered" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about Cerenia, a medicine for dogs to prevent/treat vomiting. The sentence containing the target word is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time..."

The key context is about giving medicine to dogs. The word "administered" here means giving or applying medication.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. administer%2:41:00:: - work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of
   - Examples: administer a program; she administers the funds
   - This is about administrative/management work. Not relevant to medicine.

2. administer%2:40:01:: - perform (a church sacrament) ritually
   - Examples: administer the last unction
   - This is about religious rituals. Not relevant.

3. administer%2:40:00:: - administer or bestow, as in small portions
   - synonyms: distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense
   - Examples: administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
   - This is about distributing/bestowing in portions. Could overlap with medicine, but more about portions/distribution.

4. administer%2:29:00:: - give or apply (medications)
   - synonyms: dispense
   - This directly relates to giving medications.

5. administer%2:41:01:: - direct the taking of
   - Examples: administer an exam; administer an oath
   - This is about conducting exams or oaths. Not relevant.

The context clearly discusses a medicine (Cerenia), dosages, treatment of vomiting in dogs, and how the medicine is given/applied. The target word "administered" specifically refers to giving medication to the animals.

Sense 4 is the best match: "give or apply (medications)".

The answer should be in the JSON format: {"sense_index": 4}.

Wait, I need to make sure about sense indexing. The candidate senses are listed as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. So sense 4 is the correct index.

Let me double-check by reviewing the context again:
- "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection"
- "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog"
- "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages..."

Yes, "administer" and "administered" both refer to giving medication. Sense 4 is definitely the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: daily
Target surface form: daily
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense. Target: 'daily' in sentence 'Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages...' Means every day; without missing a day. Not gradually/day by day. So sense 1. Return JSON with sense_index:1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dosage
Target surface form: dosages
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at <t>dosages</t> up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dose
2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need choose between sense 1 and 2 for dosage/dosages. Let's analyze WordNet senses. dosage%1:23:00:: vs dosage%1:06:00::. The gloss for sense 1: quantity of an active agent taken in/absorbed at any one time. Synonyms dose. Sense 2: measured portion of medicine taken at any one time. Synonyms dose. Both very close. One is substance/quantity (substance/radiation), other is a measured portion (medicine). Context: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time". Here dosage refers to amount/quantity of medicine (Cerenia) administered, specifically a measured portion? The phrase "at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" uses plural dosages; both possible. Need determine best. Sense 1 noun.quantity? It's under noun.quantity (1:23) perhaps 'the quantity of an active agent'. Sense 2 noun.artifact? 1:06 maybe noun.artifact? Actually WordNet 1:06 is noun.artifact? No noun.artifact is 06. dosage%1:06:00: "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" - I think noun.act? Let's check. WordNet lexicographer file: noun.quantity is 23; noun.artifact is 06. The measured portion of medicine as artifact? maybe dosage form? Let's examine wordnet entry: dosage (n) 1: the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time (e.g., a dose of penicillin can fight infection) 2: a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (e.g., he took his dose and dropped off to sleep). Actually I recall dosage synset has hypernyms: noun.quantity (for sense 1) and noun.artifact? Hmm. Let me recall: WordNet entry for dose: S: (n) dose, dosage (the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time) "a dose of penicillin can fight infection" Hypernym: indefinite quantity. S: (n) dose, dosage (a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time) "he took his dose and dropped off to sleep" Hypernym: medicine, medication, medicament, medicinal drug. So sense 2 is a medicine portion (a tablet, etc). Context "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" refers to amount/quantity of active agent (mg/kg etc), not a physical measured portion. The phrase "5 times the recommended doses" implies quantities. But the phrase "administered daily at dosages up to..." could be either. In pharmacology/veterinary label, "dosage" usually means amount/quantity per administration (mg/kg). It is a quantity. The text mentions tablets and injections, but the dosage is not a portion/tablet; it's amount. So sense 1 seems more appropriate: quantity of active agent. Need JSON {"sense_index": 1}. But need ensure not answer with sense key. Only JSON. Must not hedge.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dose
Target surface form: doses
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended <t>doses</t> for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dose%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dosage
2. sense_key=dose%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dosage
3. sense_key=dose%1:26:00:: | definition=a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact | synonyms=venereal disease, VD, venereal infection, social disease, Cupid's itch, Cupid's disease
4. sense_key=dose%1:06:01:: | definition=street name for lysergic acid diethylamide | synonyms=acid, back breaker, battery-acid, dot, Elvis, loony toons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "doses" (lemma "dose") in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about Cerenia, a veterinary medicine for dogs
- It discusses dosages, tablets, injections, treatment of vomiting
- The target sentence: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended <t>doses</t> for an extended period of time"

Now let's consider the candidate senses:
1. dose%1:06:00:: - a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time (synonyms=dosage)
2. dose%1:23:00:: - the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time (synonyms=dosage)
3. dose%1:26:00:: - a communicable infection transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact (this is a slang meaning)
4. dose%1:06:01:: - street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

We're talking about medication dosages for dogs. The phrase "recommended doses" in a veterinary/medical context.

Sense 1 vs Sense 2:
- Sense 1 (noun artifact): "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" - focuses on the measured portion as a physical/administrative unit
- Sense 2 (noun quantity): "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" - focuses on the quantity/amount of active agent

Given the context "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses," this is about the amount/quantity of the active agent being administered. It's comparing dosages and quantities of the drug. The word "dosages" appears in the same sentence, and the synonym for sense 2 is also "dosage."

Actually, let me reconsider. "Doses" in "recommended doses" could refer to:
- the recommended amount of medication to give (quantity sense)
- the recommended portions/administrations

The distinction between 1:06 (artifact/measure) and 1:23 (quantity) is subtle. In WordNet:
- 1:06 is noun.artifact - tangible things
- 1:23 is noun.quantity

In medical/pharmaceutical contexts, when we say "5 times the recommended dose," we typically mean 5 times the recommended amount/quantity of active ingredient. This aligns with sense 2 (quantity of active agent).

However, "dose" as "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" (sense 1) is also commonly used. The example says "taken at any one time."

Let me think more carefully. "Doses" in "recommended doses" - this is a countable noun referring to the individual administrations or the amount given per administration.

Actually, the key distinction:
- Sense 1: measured portion of medicine (like a tablet, injection, spoonful)
- Sense 2: quantity of active agent (like 10mg of the drug)

In the sentence "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses," "dosages" and "doses" are used together. The phrase "5 times the recommended doses" clearly refers to multiplying the amount/quantity of the drug. This is more about quantity of active agent than the physical measured portion.

But wait - "dose" commonly means both. Let me look at the synonym: both have "dosage" as a synonym.

In WordNet, sense 2 (dose%1:23:00::) is specifically "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time." This would include radiation dose, drug dose, etc.

Sense 1 (dose%1:06:00::) is "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time."

Given the context of veterinary medicine where we're talking about tolerability at higher quantities, sense 2 seems more appropriate because it emphasizes the quantity of active agent. The phrase "5 times the recommended doses" is a quantity multiplier.

But, I should consider that "doses" is often used to refer to the administration event/portion in clinical contexts. "Recommended doses" is a standard phrase in drug labeling.

Hmm, let me think about which is the SINGLE BEST sense.

Actually, looking at the context again: "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" - the words "dosages" and "doses" are nearly synonymous here. Both refer to the amount of medication.

If I think about the semantic distinction in WordNet:
- Sense 1 (artifact) would be like "Take two doses a day" - referring to the individual administrations
- Sense 2 (quantity) would be like "a lethal dose" or "radiation dose" - referring to the amount absorbed

"5 times the recommended dose" is really about the quantity/amount. This strongly favors sense 2.

Also, the fact that they're talking about "administered daily" and "dosages" together suggests it's about quantity of active agent.

I think sense 2 is the best choice.

Senses 3 and 4 are clearly wrong as they are slang meanings (venereal disease and LSD), not relevant to this medical veterinary context.

My answer: {"sense_index": 2}