[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need respond with JSON only {"sense_index": X}. Need disambiguate "women" target of lemma woman. Context: "particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source..." Refers to women as adult female persons, plural. Candidate 1: adult female person. Candidate 4: women as a class (womanhood, fair sex). Does usage in context denote individual women (ringers) or class? "more than a third of ringers today are women" and "women have entered..." That uses women as individuals. Then "particularly galling to women" likely individual women (or women in general). Sense 1 plural "women" is lemma plural form of woman sense 1. Sense 4 is a collective/class: "women as a class". The paragraph is about individual female ringers not being accepted; "women have entered the field". That is sense 1. JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense. Context: "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths" then later "because the group is the sole source of ringers..." It refers to a society, an organization of people. Candidate senses: 1 any number of entities considered as a unit (general grouping). 2 chemistry atoms. 3 mathematical group. Definitely sense 1. We return {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure only JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose best sense. Context: bells, ringers, bell-ringing, church bells, St. Paul's Cathedral. Target 'ringers' in phrase sole source of ringers for churches. So sense 1: person who rings church bells. JSON {"sense_index":1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "most" in a specific context. I need to choose the best sense among three candidates.

Target sentence: "...the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."

Candidate senses:
1. most%4:02:00:: = used to form the superlative (synonyms: to the highest degree; examples: "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake")
2. most%4:02:01:: = very (examples: "a most welcome relief")
3. most%4:02:02:: = slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but (synonyms: about, almost, nearly)

In the context, "Britain's most prestigious churches" - here "most" is used with the adjective "prestigious" to form the superlative degree. It means "the most prestigious" - this is the superlative use.

This matches sense 1: "used to form the superlative" with the example "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake."

Sense 2 "very" would be used in constructions like "a most welcome relief" where "most" means "very" without necessarily comparing to others.
Sense 3 is about "almost" which doesn't fit here.

So the best sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "churches" in context: "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey." These are buildings/places of worship, not denominations or congregations. Candidate 2: place for public (especially Christian) worship, synonyms church building, example the church was empty. That fits. Need output {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON object exactly like.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD for target word "woman" in given context. Need choose best indexed sense among four. Need produce JSON {"sense_index": index}. Need analyze context.

Context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit..." Here singular "woman" refers generically? Let's read surrounding. "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere... This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..." Here "no woman has filed" implies any woman/female individual. It is not specific significant-role woman (wife/girlfriend). Not houseworker sense. Not women as class? "Woman" singular but used generically? Candidate 4 is women as a class (collective). The surface form "woman" can be used as mass noun? "Woman is the glory of creation" vs "no woman has filed" - this is singular indefinite? "no woman" means no individual woman (adult female person). So sense 1.

Let's verify if the antecedent "women" earlier uses sense 1 plural. "no woman has filed" definitely adult female person. So sense_index: 1. Need return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need respond with JSON only. Need choose best sense for "filed" in sentence: "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit". Candidate senses: 1 record in public office or court; examples file for divorce, file a complaint. 4 file a formal charge against; synonyms charge, lodge. The object is "an equal-opportunity suit". Filed a suit = initiated legal action, recorded/registered in court. Sense 1 "record in a public office or in court of law" with examples file for divorce, file a complaint. Also sense 4 "file a formal charge against" with synonyms charge, lodge; examples the suspect was charged. Here "file an equal-opportunity suit" is legal paperwork, not charge against a person. So sense 1 best. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target word "suit" in context. Need choose best indexed sense among 6 candidate senses. Let's read context carefully.

Target surface form: suit. Context passage:
"This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."

The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" means legal action? "equal-opportunity suit" could be a lawsuit? Actually "equal-opportunity suit" maybe refers to a lawsuit? Let's parse: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced ..." It likely means no woman has filed an equal-opportunity lawsuit/claim? In British English "suit" can mean lawsuit? WordNet sense 1:04:00: a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; synonyms lawsuit, case, cause, causa. examples "the family brought suit against the landlord". "Filed an equal-opportunity suit" = filed a lawsuit/claim? Yes.

Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 2} because candidate index 2. Ensure no hedging. This is straightforward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense 1 or 2 for 'extent' in context: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer..." This is about degree/scope of problem (abstract). Sense 1: point or degree to which something extends. Examples: extent of damage, full extent of law. Sense 2: distance/area/volume over which something extends, physical size. Our target is abstract problem. Best: sense 1.
Return JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user is asking me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "problem" in a given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the three candidates provided.

Let me analyze the context:

The passage discusses the issue of women not being accepted in some bell-ringing groups in Britain. Specifically: "They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers."

The target word "problem" here refers to the issue of women not being accepted/male-only policy in bell-ringing groups, and the extent of this issue/difficulty surfaced in letters.

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Let me think about which sense fits best.

The phrase "the extent of the problem" is common in contexts where "problem" refers to an issue or difficulty. The context is about gender discrimination in bell-ringing groups - a social issue/source of difficulty.

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - This could work. The situation (women not being accepted) is a state of difficulty.
Sense 2: "a question raised for consideration or solution" - This doesn't fit well. It's not a question or homework-type problem.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - This could also work. The male-only policy is a source of difficulty/trouble for women.

In the phrase "the extent of the problem," "problem" typically refers to the overall issue/difficulty. Let me think about which sense is more commonly used in this construction.

"What's the problem?" - this is sense 3 (a source of difficulty)
"they are having problems" - this is sense 1 (a state of difficulty)

In "the extent of the problem," it seems to refer to the magnitude/scope of the difficulty/issue.

Looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - emphasizes the condition/state
- Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - emphasizes the origin/cause

The context: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters" - the letters revealed how widespread/big the issue is. The issue itself (women being excluded) is the problem.

I think sense 1 might be slightly better because it refers to a state/condition of difficulty. However, sense 3 is also very plausible because "problem" can mean the troubling situation itself.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, these senses have specific distinctions:

problem%1:26:00:: - "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - this is like "they have problems in their marriage"
problem%1:09:00:: - "a source of difficulty" - this is like "what's the problem?" or "the problem is that we don't have enough time"

In the sentence "the extent of the problem surfaced," the "problem" is the gender discrimination issue. Is this a "state of difficulty" or a "source of difficulty"?

I think the phrase "the extent of the problem" most naturally treats "problem" as the overall difficult situation (state of difficulty). The letters revealed how extensive/widespread the difficult situation is.

But actually, looking at examples for sense 3: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" - "what's the problem?" is asking what the source of difficulty is.

Hmm, but "the extent of the problem" could also be interpreted as "how much of a source of difficulty this is."

Let me think about actual WordNet annotations. I believe in this kind of context, where we're talking about a social issue, "problem" would likely be sense 1 (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved).

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider the definitions more carefully:

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - the focus is on a state/condition. Example: "she and her husband are having problems"
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - the focus is on something that causes difficulty. Example: "what's the problem?"

In the given context, "the extent of the problem" refers to how big/widespread the issue of women being excluded is. This is more like a state of difficulty (the difficult situation) than a source of difficulty.

However, I want to be careful. Let me think of how "the extent of the problem" is typically used. If we say "the extent of the problem became clear," we mean the magnitude/scope of the difficult situation became clear.

I think sense 1 is the best fit.

But let me also consider: could it be sense 3? If "problem" means "trouble" or "source of difficulty," then "the extent of the trouble" also makes sense.

Actually, looking at this more carefully, I think sense 1 is most appropriate. The context is describing a situation/state of difficulty: women are excluded from certain bell-ringing groups, and this is a problem (difficult situation) that needs to be resolved.

Wait, I want to double-check by considering the syntax. "The extent of the problem" - here "problem" is a noun referring to the issue. In WordNet, sense 1 (state of difficulty) and sense 3 (source of difficulty) are both nouns.

Let me think about a similar example. If I say "The extent of the unemployment problem," which sense would that be? I think it would be sense 1 (state of difficulty) because unemployment is a difficult condition/state.

Similarly, "the extent of the problem" with regard to gender discrimination would be sense 1.

Actually, I realize I should be more careful. The actual WordNet sense distinctions can be subtle. Let me think about this from the perspective of how these senses are used:

Sense 1 examples given: "she and her husband are having problems" - this is about interpersonal problems, difficulties in a relationship.
Sense 3 examples given: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" - this is about obstacles/sources of difficulty.

The context here is about a social issue: women not being accepted in bell-ringing groups. This is a social problem/issue.

I think both sense 1 and sense 3 could apply, but sense 1 (state of difficulty) is probably the better fit for a broad social issue.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The phrase "the extent of the problem" - in WordNet, "problem" in the sense of "a source of difficulty" might be more likely when asking "what's the problem?" But in the context of "the extent of the problem," it's referring to the magnitude of the issue.

I'm going to go with sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved."

Wait, but I want to be really sure. Let me look at this from a different angle. The WordNet sense keys are:
- problem%1:26:00:: - noun (1), lexfile 26 (state? or attribute? let me check WordNet lexfile numbers)

Actually, WordNet lexfile numbers:
- 09: cognition / psychological feature
- 10: communication
- 26: state / condition

So:
- problem%1:26:00:: is "state" lexfile = a state of difficulty
- problem%1:10:00:: is "communication" lexfile = a question raised for consideration or solution
- problem%1:09:00:: is "cognition" lexfile = a source of difficulty

Given that "the extent of the problem" is about the state/condition of gender discrimination in bell-ringing, sense 1 (state lexfile) seems most appropriate.

Hmm, but actually sense 3 (cognition) with definition "a source of difficulty" - this is the most common sense for "problem" in many contexts. For example, "the problem is that..." uses sense 3.

In "the extent of the problem," we're talking about the issue of gender discrimination. Is this issue a "source of difficulty" or a "state of difficulty"?

Let me think about the sentence more carefully: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..."

The "problem" here is the issue that women are excluded from the Ancient Society of College Youths and similar groups. This is a social problem.

I think in common usage, this would be sense 1, but I want to verify.

Actually, I just realized that in WordNet, the most common sense of "problem" is often sense 3 ("a source of difficulty") or sense 1 ("a state of difficulty"). The distinction is subtle.

Let me think about the example "what's the problem?" - this is sense 3 because you're asking what the source/cause of difficulty is.

In "the extent of the problem," if I replace "problem" with "trouble" (synonym for sense 3), I get "the extent of the trouble," which sounds natural.

If I replace "problem" with "job" (synonym for sense 1), I get "the extent of the job," which doesn't make sense in this context.

Hmm, "job" as a synonym for sense 1 is interesting. "It is always a job to contact him" - here "job" means a difficult task/situation. "The extent of the job" would mean how big the task is.

But in the context of a social issue, "job" doesn't fit well as a synonym.

Let me also consider: "she and her husband are having problems" - this is about difficulties in a relationship. If I say "the extent of their problems," it would be sense 1.

For the gender discrimination issue, "the extent of the problem" could be either sense 1 or sense 3.

I think I need to make a decision. Given the context is about a social issue/difficulty that needs resolution, and the phrase "the extent of the problem" refers to the scope of this difficult situation, I'll go with sense 1.

Actually, you know what, let me reconsider more carefully. Looking at actual WordNet data and common annotations:

In SemCor and other WSD datasets, "problem" in contexts like "the problem is..." or "the problem with..." is typically annotated as sense 3 (source of difficulty). But "problem" in contexts like "have problems" or "face problems" is often sense 1 (state of difficulty).

In "the extent of the problem," the construction is neither "have problems" nor "the problem is...". It's referring to the problem as a whole.

I think sense 1 is still the better fit because the context describes a state of difficulty (women being excluded) that needs resolution.

But let me think once more. The phrase "the extent of the problem" - if the problem is "a source of difficulty," then the extent would be how much difficulty it causes. If the problem is "a state of difficulty," then the extent would be how widespread the state is.

In the context, the letters revealed the extent of the issue - i.e., how widespread/serious the gender discrimination is. This seems more like a state of difficulty.

OK, I'm going to commit to sense 1.

Wait, I just want to check one more thing. Let me look at the actual Princeton WordNet definitions:

problem, job -- (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog")
problem -- (a question raised for consideration or solution; "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve")
trouble, problem -- (a source of difficulty; "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?")

For sense 1, the example includes "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog" - this is very similar to our social issue context! A social problem like gender discrimination would be sense 1, just like "urban problems."

This confirms my choice: sense 1 is the best fit.

Actually wait, I should double-check by looking at the full gloss for sense 1 in WordNet 3.0. The example "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog" strongly suggests that social issues are sense 1.

So my final answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surface
Target surface form: surfaced
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surface%2:38:00:: | definition=come to the surface | synonyms=come up, rise up, rise
2. sense_key=surface%2:35:00:: | definition=put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface | synonyms=coat | examples=coat the cake with chocolate
3. sense_key=surface%2:30:00:: | definition=appear or become visible; make a showing | synonyms=come on, come out, turn up, show up | examples=She turned up at the funeral; I hope the list key is going to surface again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for "surfaced" in context. Let's analyze. Sentence: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters..." Means became known/apparent/visible. Candidate senses:
1 surface%2:38:00:: come to the surface (literal).
2 put a coat on.
3 appear or become visible; make a showing. examples "I hope the list key is going to surface again" (show up). That's metaphorical becoming known/visible.

Context is the extent of the problem became apparent/known through letters. That's not literal come to the surface. So sense 3 is best. Need return JSON only.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need select best indexed sense for target 'summer' in context. Context says 'this summer' refers to warmest season of year (Northern hemisphere summer). It's a time when letters appeared. Therefore sense 1, index 1. Need output JSON.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: series
Target surface form: series
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
3. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
4. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
7. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "series" in context. Phrase: "in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'". Letters published in order, multiple similar items one after another, not a serialized set of programs, not periodical, not sports. It refers to multiple letters (one after another). Sense 1: similar things placed in order or happening one after another. Examples: they were investigating a series of bank robberies. This matches "series of letters". Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letters
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters
3. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
4. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "letters" in the sentence: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked..."

This is clearly about written messages addressed to a newspaper (The Ringing World). So the sense is "a written message addressed to a person or organization." That corresponds to sense 1: letter%1:10:00::.

The other senses:
2. alphabet characters - doesn't fit
3. owner who lets - doesn't fit
4. literal interpretation - doesn't fit
5. award - doesn't fit

So the answer is sense_index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: newspaper
Target surface form: newspaper
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly <t>newspaper</t> for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=newspaper%1:10:00:: | definition=a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements | synonyms=paper | examples=he read his newspaper at breakfast
2. sense_key=newspaper%1:14:00:: | definition=a business firm that publishes newspapers | synonyms=paper, newspaper publisher | examples=Murdoch owns many newspapers
3. sense_key=newspaper%1:06:00:: | definition=the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher | synonyms=paper | examples=when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper
4. sense_key=newspaper%1:27:00:: | definition=cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers | synonyms=newsprint | examples=they used bales of newspaper every day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense index for newspaper in context. Context: "The Ringing World," a weekly newspaper for ringers. Means publication. Sense 1: daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements. Sense 3: physical object product. Here "a weekly newspaper for ringers" refers to publication title, not physical object. Sense 1. Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for <t>ringers</t>. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "ringers" in the given context. Let me analyze:

Context is about bell ringing. Key clues:
- "council's program to attract and train ringers"
- "after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10"
- "once male-dominated field"
- "bell-ringing group"
- "sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches"
- "The Ringing World" - a weekly newspaper for ringers
- "bell-ringing"

The target "ringers" refers to people who ring bells, especially church bells.

Candidate senses:
1. ringer%1:18:02:: - a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) - synonyms: toller, bell ringer
2. ringer%1:18:01:: - a person who is almost identical to another - synonyms: dead ringer, clone
3. ringer%1:18:00:: - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. ringer%1:04:00:: - (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Clearly the best sense is 1, the person who rings church bells. The context is entirely about bell ringing, churches, bell-ringing groups, and a newspaper for ringers.

The output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

Don't answer with sense key. Just JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: writer
Target surface form: writer
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One <t>writer</t>, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=writer%1:18:00:: | definition=writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) | synonyms=author
2. sense_key=writer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is able to write and has written something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for lemma writer in context. Need perform WSD. Candidate senses only two:
1. writer%1:18:00:: definition writes professionally for pay synonyms=author.
2. writer%1:18:01:: definition a person who is able to write and has written something.
Context: "One writer, signing his letter as ..." In a series of letters to newspaper; person who wrote a letter. Does not need professional writer, likely sense 2 (a person who has written something). But could be considered contributor/letter writer. WordNet sense 1 specifically professional author. Here it's a newspaper letter writer, not necessarily professional; just someone who wrote a letter. So sense 2. We must return JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no hedge, only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: signing
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, <t>signing</t> his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%2:32:02:: | definition=mark with one's signature; write one's name (on) | synonyms=subscribe | examples=She signed the letter and sent it off; Please sign here
2. sense_key=sign%2:41:00:: | definition=approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation | synonyms=ratify | examples=All parties ratified the peace treaty; Have you signed your contract yet?
3. sense_key=sign%2:32:00:: | definition=be engaged by a written agreement | examples=He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18; The soprano signed to sing the new opera
4. sense_key=sign%2:41:01:: | definition=engage by written agreement | synonyms=contract, sign on, sign up | examples=They signed two new pitchers for the next season
5. sense_key=sign%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs | synonyms=signal, signalize, signalise | examples=He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture; The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu
6. sense_key=sign%2:35:02:: | definition=place signs, as along a road | examples=sign an intersection; This road has been signed
7. sense_key=sign%2:32:04:: | definition=communicate in sign language | examples=I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin
8. sense_key=sign%2:32:03:: | definition=make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate | synonyms=bless

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target surface form "signing" in given sentence. Need choose best indexed sense among candidate senses 1-8. Must output JSON {"sense_index": N}.

Analyze context: "One writer, <t>signing</t> his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked..." Surface form is "signing" (verb gerund/participle). It means he wrote his name as that. "signing his letter as ..." i.e. appending a pseudonym/signature line. Candidate senses:

1. sign%2:32:02 mark with one's signature; write one's name (on). Examples: She signed the letter and sent it off; Please sign here. This fits best for "signing his letter".
2. ratify assent. not fit.
3. be engaged by written agreement. not fit.
4. engage by written agreement. no.
5. communicate silently via signals. no.
6. place signs. no.
7. communicate in sign language. no.
8. make sign of cross. no.

"signing his letter as X" matches sense 1: writing his name on the letter/pseudonym. Need ensure index is 1. But note in some versions, senses ordered differently? Here candidate senses listed 1-8 with sense keys. Index 1. Final JSON. No need for explanation per output only JSON. Ensure exactly. Need return with maybe code block? Instructions: Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So final just JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letter
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his <t>letter</t> as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters
3. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
4. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target word letter in context. Context: "... a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' ..." So letter means written message addressed to newspaper/person. Sense 1: written message addressed to a person or organization, synonyms missive. Fit. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: male
Target surface form: male
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced <t>male</t>, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=male%1:05:00:: | definition=an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
2. sense_key=male%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies | synonyms=male person
3. sense_key=male%1:15:00:: | definition=the capital of Maldives in the center of the islands

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer fine-grained WSD for target surface form male. Context includes phrase "Red-blooded, balanced <t>male</t>" and "average male ringer". But target surface form is male. Probably target instance is in signoff: signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male". Here "male" refers to a person belonging to men's sex. Not animal. Not capital. We need return JSON {"sense_index" : 2} since indexed senses correspond 1,2,3. The task says choose single best sense. Do not answer with WordNet key. JSON only. This is easy. Need produce final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remark
Target surface form: remarked
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "<t>remarked</t> on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remark%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=note, observe, mention | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing
2. sense_key=remark%2:32:01:: | definition=make or write a comment on | synonyms=comment, notice, point out | examples=he commented the paper of his colleague

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target surface "remarked" in context. Need return JSON {"sense_index": ...}. We need not answer with WordNet sense key. Candidate senses indexes 1 and 2.

We must reason carefully.

Target: "remarked" sentence: One writer... <t>remarked</t> on the "frequency of women fainting in peals," and suggested that they "settle back...

We have two senses:
1. make mention of; synonyms note, observe, mention; examples She observed that... They noted that it was a fine day...
2. make or write a comment on; synonyms comment, notice, point out; examples he commented the paper of his colleague

In context, "remarked on the 'frequency...'" means made a comment about it. The phrase "remark on" is common with sense "make a comment". However note sense 1 "make mention of" also possible: mention, note, observe. Need see WordNet senses distinction.

remark%2:32:00:: vs remark%2:32:01::. WordNet verb senses for "remark". Let's recall: WordNet verb frames maybe:
- remark (v) sense 1: make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time" (frames: "Somebody ----s that CLAUSE"; "Somebody ----s something")
- remark (v) sense 2: make or write a comment on; "he commented the paper of his colleague" (frames: "Somebody ----s something"; "Somebody ----s that CLAUSE"; "Somebody ----s on something"?) maybe.

The presence of prepositional phrase "on the..." might align with "make a comment on". The definition of sense 2 says "make or write a comment on", synonyms comment, notice, point out. Example "he commented the paper of his colleague". It can take "on".

Sense 1 definition "make mention of" synonyms note, observe, mention. Examples with "that" clauses. "Remarks on" could be a mention. But given "remarked on the frequency..." writer made a comment/critical observation. Better sense 2.

Check WordNet mapping: index 1 (remark%2:32:00::) and 2 (remark%2:32:01::). Usually in WSD tasks "remark" sense 1 "make mention of" and sense 2 "make or write a comment on". In sentence "He remarked that..." often sense 1? Let's see examples: "She observed that..."; "They noted that...". "He commented the paper..." If you "remark on" something, likely sense 2? Let's verify from WordNet. I know "remark" v has senses:
1. remark, note, observe, mention -- (make mention of; "She observed that his presentation took up too much time"; "Note that it is hot"; "They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing")
2. comment, notice, remark, point out -- (make or write a comment on; "he commented the paper of his colleague")

Frame for sense 2 includes "Somebody ----s on something". The target is "remarked on the frequency..." Thus sense 2. Also the writer's tone is comment/criticism.

Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Here index 2. Ensure not extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frequency
Target surface form: frequency
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "<t>frequency</t> of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frequency%1:28:00:: | definition=the number of occurrences within a given time period | synonyms=frequence, oftenness | examples=the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second; the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older
2. sense_key=frequency%1:24:00:: | definition=the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations | synonyms=relative frequency
3. sense_key=frequency%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of observations in a given statistical category | synonyms=absolute frequency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for the word "frequency" in the given context.

Target surface: frequency
Context: A letter writer remarks on the "frequency of women fainting in peals". This means how often women faint during bell-ringing peals.

Candidate senses:
1. frequency%1:28:00:: - the number of occurrences within a given time period. Synonyms: frequence, oftenness. Examples: "the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second"; "the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older".
2. frequency%1:24:00:: - the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations (relative frequency)
3. frequency%1:23:00:: - the number of observations in a given statistical category (absolute frequency)

In context, "frequency of women fainting in peals" means how often women faint - a colloquial use about occurrence rate. This matches sense 1: the number of occurrences within a given time period. The mention of fainting and the writer's sexist remark suggests "how often" which corresponds to "oftenness".

So answer is sense_index 1.

Need to return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So here: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of <t>women</t> fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need produce answer. Need determine best WordNet sense for target lemma woman, surface form women in given context.

We must reason carefully. The context mentions "women" as adult female persons in general. There are multiple occurrences, but target is in phrase "frequency of women fainting in peals". The writer refers to women (adult females) in bell-ringing. The sense 1 is adult female person (as opposed to a man). Sense 4 is women as a class / womanhood / fair sex. Need decide between 1 and 4.

In WSD, when plural "women" refers to multiple individual women, sense 1 (count noun) is likely. Sense 4 is a collective noun: women as a class, e.g., "it's an insult to American womanhood". In this context, "women" are individual ringers: "a growing number of women have entered... more than a third of the ringers today are women." Also target occurrence "frequency of women fainting" uses plural count. So sense 1.

Need output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. The instruction says do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON object. We must ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suggest
Target surface form: suggested
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and <t>suggested</t> that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suggest%2:32:00:: | definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | synonyms=propose, advise | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
2. sense_key=suggest%2:32:04:: | definition=drop a hint; intimate by a hint | synonyms=hint
3. sense_key=suggest%2:32:02:: | definition=imply as a possibility | synonyms=intimate | examples=The evidence suggests a need for more clarification
4. sense_key=suggest%2:32:03:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=indicate | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases
5. sense_key=suggest%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=evoke, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for lemma suggest surface suggested. Context sentence: One writer ... remarked on ... and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings." Need choose among senses 1-5.

Let's analyze. Suggest in context: writer proposed/advised that women settle back into traditional role. "suggested that they settle back..." This is a proposal, declaring a plan, advising. Sense 1: make a proposal, declare a plan for something; synonyms propose, advise; example senator proposed to abolish sales tax. Sense 2: drop a hint; intimate by a hint. Sense 3: imply as a possibility. Sense 4 medical. Sense 5 call to mind.

Here the writer explicitly suggested that they do something (subjunctive that-clause with directive content). In WN, suggest v1 likely covers "make a proposal, declare a plan for something". This includes suggesting that someone do something. Sense 3 "imply as a possibility" is epistemic: evidence suggests... Not directive. Sense 2 hinting is weaker; but here he plainly proposed/advised. So best sense 1.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: back
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle <t>back</t> into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%4:02:04:: | definition=in or to or toward a former location | examples=she went back to her parents' house
2. sense_key=back%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or toward the back or rear | synonyms=backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards | examples=he moved back; tripped when he stepped backward
3. sense_key=back%4:02:05:: | definition=in or to or toward an original condition | examples=he went back to sleep
4. sense_key=back%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to or toward a past time | synonyms=backward | examples=set the clocks back an hour; never look back
5. sense_key=back%4:02:06:: | definition=in reply | examples=he wrote back three days later
6. sense_key=back%4:02:03:: | definition=in repayment or retaliation | examples=we paid back everything we had borrowed; he hit me and I hit him back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze the target word "back" in the context: "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings."

The phrase "settle back into" means to return to a former state or condition. In this case, the writer is suggesting women should return to their traditional role.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. back to a former location - doesn't fit, it's not about a physical place
2. back/rear - physical direction, doesn't fit
3. in or to or toward an original condition - fits well with "settle back into their traditional role"
4. toward a past time - could be related but less direct
5. in reply - doesn't fit
6. in repayment or retaliation - doesn't fit

Sense 3 is the best fit because "settle back into" means returning to an original/former condition or state (their traditional role).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: traditional
Target surface form: traditional
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their <t>traditional</t> role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=traditional%3:00:00:: | definition=consisting of or derived from tradition | examples=traditional history; traditional morality
2. sense_key=traditional%5:00:00:orthodox:00 | definition=pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines | examples=the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best indexed sense for word traditional in context. Need understand senses. Candidate senses listed: 1. sense key traditional%3:00:00:: definition consisting of or derived from tradition examples traditional history; traditional morality. 2. traditional%5:00:00:orthodox:00 definition pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines examples the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished. Need identify index? The user likely expects sense_index corresponding to candidate numbering. They gave two candidates numbered 1 and 2. Need decide which fits best in sentence: "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings." The writer is sexist suggesting women return to their conventional/customary/historical role. The role of making tea is derived from tradition/customary. Which WordNet sense? Let's examine WordNet for adjective traditional. In WordNet 3.1, traditional (a) maybe senses: 1 consisting of or derived from tradition; "traditional history"; "traditional morality". 2 pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines; "the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished" maybe adj.traditional.2? Actually I think there may be another sense: "done in the traditional manner"? Let's recall WordNet adjective "traditional" maybe only one or two senses? Let's look up. In WordNet 3.0: traditional (s) - consisting of tradition; traditional teachings. (a) - pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines. Actually sense key %5:00:00:orthodox:00 means satellite adjective pertaining to orthodox. Candidate 1 is %3:00:00:: meaning consisting of or derived from tradition (head adjective). Candidate 2 is satellite pert of orthodox. In context "traditional role" = a role based on tradition/custom. That maps to sense 1 "consisting of or derived from tradition". Sense 2 is about orthodox doctrines, not about domestic roles. So best is 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure not hedge.