[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional <t>role</t> of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need perform WSD. Target role in sentence: "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings." This is about women's expected traditional role/socially assigned activity. Candidate senses: role%1:04:00:: actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. Syn function, office, part. role%1:04:01:: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. Both close. In context, "traditional role" is a normal/customary activity of women in social setting (making tea at meetings). sense 1 includes assigned/expected functions of a person/group, includes the function of a teacher. sense 4 specifically social role. Which best? WordNet role has 4 senses. role%1:04:01:: specifically normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. This fits "traditional role of making tea at meetings". But the phrase "traditional role" is often sense 1? Let's parse. Definition role%1:04:00: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. This could be used for groups (women) and expectations. Definition role%1:04:01: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. That exactly: women's customary activity in meetings making tea. The surface "traditional" aligns with normal/customary. Sense index numbering in candidate list: 1 role%1:04:00, 2 actor, 3 purpose, 4 role%1:04:01. Need choose single best. Likely 4. Let's verify with WordNet: role noun senses: (1) function, office, part, role -- actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. (2) character, role, theatrical role, part, persona -- actor's portrayal. (3) function, purpose, role, use -- what something used for. (4) role -- normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting; "what is your role on the team?" Given context, social traditional role. So answer 4. Need only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 4}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of <t>making</t> tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need choose best sense for "making" in phrase "making tea at meetings". Context: women should settle back into traditional role of making tea at meetings. Means preparing tea (by applying heat, brewing). Candidate sense 39: definition=prepare for eating by applying heat; synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare; examples: Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette? That fits making tea (preparing a beverage by heating water). Sense 15: make by shaping or bringing together constituents (make a dress; make a cake) could also fit "make tea"? But sense 39 specifically prepare for eating by applying heat, includes tea? Tea involves hot water, not eating but beverage. Sense 39 examples include make an omelette. Best is 39. Need output only JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Cloudflare

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tea
Target surface form: tea
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making <t>tea</t> at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tea%1:13:00:: | definition=a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water | examples=iced tea is a cooling drink
2. sense_key=tea%1:13:01:: | definition=a light midafternoon meal of tea and sandwiches or cakes | synonyms=afternoon tea, teatime | examples=an Englishman would interrupt a war to have his afternoon tea
3. sense_key=tea%1:20:00:: | definition=a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves | synonyms=Camellia sinensis | examples=tea has fragrant white flowers
4. sense_key=tea%1:14:00:: | definition=a reception or party at which tea is served | examples=we met at the Dean's tea for newcomers
5. sense_key=tea%1:13:02:: | definition=dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea | synonyms=tea leaf | examples=the store shelves held many different kinds of tea; they threw the tea into Boston harbor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "tea" in context: "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings." This is about women making tea at meetings. The phrase "making tea" likely refers to beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water (sense 1). Could also be a reception/party? "making tea at meetings" means preparing the beverage. Sense 1: a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water. The activity of making tea is preparing the drink. So best sense index 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at <t>meetings</t>. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON only, just sense_index. Task is WSD for "meetings" in sentence: suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at <t>meetings</t>." Context: letters about ringers (bell-ringing group) and women making tea at meetings. Candidate senses:

1 formally arranged gathering (group meeting) ex next year meeting in Chicago; meeting elected chairperson.
2 small informal social gathering (get together).
3 casual or unexpected convergence (encounter).
4 the social act of assembling for some common purpose (coming together).
5 act of joining together as one.
6 confluence of rivers.

Here "meetings" likely refers to gatherings of ringers, could be formally arranged gatherings of the bell-ringing society. "making tea at meetings" – typical social tea at meetings. The meetings are gatherings of the group. Which sense? Need choose best indexed.

"meetings" as noun events. Sense 1 formally arranged gathering. Sense 2 small informal social gathering. The ringing society meetings are formal-ish gatherings (often clubs meet), but in context it's gender role of making tea at meetings perhaps informal social gathering of the ringing group. WordNet sense 1: a formally arranged gathering; synonyms=group meeting. Sense 2: small informal social gathering; get together. Which is more accurate? The phrase "at meetings" of an organized society aligns with group meeting/formal arranged gathering. The examples for sense 1: "next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson." It includes society business. Sense 2 examples informal in living room. The target is plural "meetings" of a bell-ringing group (Ancient Society of College Youths etc.), but the writer suggests women make tea at meetings. In a club context, meetings are formal gatherings. So sense 1 likely.

But let's consider sense 4: the social act of assembling for some common purpose; "his meeting with the salesmen was the high point..." Here "at meetings" refers to events not act. Sense 1 better.

Answer JSON {"sense_index":1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: torrent
Target surface form: torrent
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the <t>torrent</t> of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=torrent%1:19:01:: | definition=a heavy rain | synonyms=downpour, cloudburst, deluge, waterspout, pelter, soaker
2. sense_key=torrent%1:11:00:: | definition=a violently fast stream of water (or other liquid) | synonyms=violent stream | examples=the houses were swept away in the torrent
3. sense_key=torrent%1:23:00:: | definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=flood, inundation, deluge | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD. We need output only {"sense_index": ?} JSON. Choose single best sense. Context: "In the <t>torrent</t> of replies that followed". Candidate 3: an overwhelming number or amount, synonyms flood/inundation/deluge, examples a torrent of abuse. Here "torrent of replies" means many replies. Not heavy rain or water. Therefore sense_index: 3. Ensure not answer with sense key. Return only JSON.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reply
Target surface form: replies
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of <t>replies</t> that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reply%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=answer, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=reply%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange | synonyms=response | examples=he growled his reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose index 1 or 2. Target surface replies noun. Context: "In the torrent of replies that followed" referring to letters to newspaper, i.e., written statements made to reply to (criticism?). Candidate 1 definition: a statement (spoken or written) made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; examples: he wrote replies to several of his critics. This fits written letters. Candidate 2: speech act of continuing a conversational exchange, example he growled his reply; maybe more speech act. The phrase torrent of replies refers to numerous response letters/statements. Best is sense 1. Return JSON only.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: followed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that <t>followed</t>, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
 ```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

content:
 ```json
{"sense_index": 6}
```

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to choose the best sense for the target word "followed" in the given context.

Let me read the context carefully:
"In the torrent of replies that <t>followed</t>, one woman ringer from Solihull observed..."

So "followed" here means the replies came after the original letter. It's about something occurring later in time or as a result.

Candidate senses that could fit:
- sense 1: to travel behind, go after, come after - This is more physical movement
- sense 2: be later in time (postdate) - Tuesday follows Monday
- sense 6: come after in time, as a result - A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
- sense 8: be next - Mary plays best, with John and Sue following

The phrase "torrent of replies that followed" means the replies came after the original letter. In context, it's about the replies that ensued/came after the initial letter.

Sense 2: be later in time - "Tuesday follows Monday"
Sense 6: come after in time, as a result - "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake"
Sense 8: be next - "Mary plays best, with John and Sue following"

These are the close ones. Let me think:
- "the torrent of replies that followed" - this sounds like replies came after the letter (in time), and likely as a result (because of the letter). The strong connotation is temporal succession.

Sense 6 says "come after in time, as a result" with example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake." This fits well because the replies both came after the letter and were a result of the letter.

Sense 2 is "be later in time" (postdate) - more about one event simply being later than another, like calendar days.

Sense 8 is "be next" - more about sequence/ranking.

The best fit seems to be sense 6 because the replies are a temporal consequence of the letter. The example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" is very analogous: event B happened after event A, as a result/unfolding of event A.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 2. "be later in time" with example "Tuesday always follows Monday" - this is pure temporal sequence.

Sense 6 "come after in time, as a result" - explicitly includes causality.

The letters are a direct response to the original letter, so sense 6 captures both the temporal and consequential aspects.

I'll go with sense 6.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one <t>woman</t> ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target lemma woman, surface form woman, context. Need output JSON {"sense_index": N}. The candidates listed 1-4. Need identify target occurrence: "one <t>woman</t> ringer from Solihull observed ..." It refers to an adult female person, a bell-ringer who is female. Sense 1: an adult female person (as opposed to a man), synonyms adult female, examples the woman kept house while the man hunted. Sense 4 is women as a class, collective. The token is singular individual. So sense 1. Need output exact JSON.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman <t>ringer</t> from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense. Context is about bell ringing, women entered field, ringers, bell-ringing group, church bells, ringing world newspaper, fainting in peals, belfry. Target: one woman ringer from Solihull. So person who rings church bells. Candidate 1 (index 1?) Let's parse: sense indices? They are listed 1,2,3,4. Index 1 corresponds ringer%1:18:02:: church bell ringer. Index 2 dead ringer. Index 3 false contestant. Index 4 horseshoes. Best is 1. Need output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no other text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observe
Target surface form: observed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull <t>observed</t> that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observe%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
2. sense_key=observe%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=note, mention, remark | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing
3. sense_key=observe%2:39:01:: | definition=observe with care or pay close attention to | synonyms=note, take note | examples=Take note of this chemical reaction
4. sense_key=observe%2:39:00:: | definition=watch attentively | examples=Please observe the reaction of these two chemicals
5. sense_key=observe%2:41:01:: | definition=show respect towards | synonyms=respect, honor, honour, abide by | examples=honor your parents!
6. sense_key=observe%2:41:02:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=celebrate, keep | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
7. sense_key=observe%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
8. sense_key=observe%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=keep, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
9. sense_key=observe%2:41:04:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=keep | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet sense for "observed" in context. Let's analyze.

Target lemma observe, surface observed. Context: "...In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that 'the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: ...' Another woman wrote..." The usage: she observed that [quote] = she made a remark, noted, mentioned. So best sense is observe%2:32:00 make mention of; synonyms note, mention, remark; examples "She observed that his presentation took up too much time" exactly matches. So sense index 2 (since listed candidate 2). We output JSON only.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the <t>average</t> male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for "average" in context: "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed..." Here average means ordinary, typical male ringer (lacking distinction), not statistical. Candidate 2: lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered; synonyms=ordinary; examples=average people; the ordinary man. Candidate 3: lacking exceptional quality or ability; synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling; examples=a novel of average merit. Which fits better? The phrase "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired" suggests typical/ordinary male ringer, not mediocre ability necessarily but common, not special. She says badly dressed, acne, unwashed etc. That's describing ordinary/representative male ringer. The sense "average people" matches "the average male ringer". However "average" in noun? Here adjective modifying male ringer. Candidate 2 is adjective satellite for common. Candidate 3 for ordinary/mediocre. The nuance: "the average male" often = ordinary, typical person. WordNet average%5:00:00:common:01 is "lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered". average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 is "lacking exceptional quality or ability". In sentence: "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed..." It connotes typical quality is low. Is it ability? The defects are not about bell-ringing ability, but personal qualities; "leaves a lot to be desired" = of poor quality. That could align with sense 3 lacking exceptional quality or ability (mediocre). But "average male ringer" as a generic representative: "Average people" sense (common).

Let's analyze WordNet senses. In WordNet, average has adjective senses: 1 approximating statistical norm; 2 lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered (syn ordinary) (a-2?); 3 lacking exceptional quality or ability; "a novel of average merit"; only a fair performance of the sonata; in fair health; ... 4 around middle of scale of evaluation; an orange of average size. Statistical senses 5 modal, 6 median.

Candidate indexing here user provides sense keys not indices. They label candidate senses 1-6. Need choose index.

The context: "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired" — "average" used to mean typical, ordinary. Example for candidate 2 includes "average people; the ordinary man in the street". For candidate 3 includes "a novel of average merit; only a fair performance". The noun modified is "male ringer" (a person). Candidate 2 specifically "average people". Candidate 3 has "fair, mediocre, middling" for things/abilities. So best is sense 2. But we need be careful: The phrase "leaves quite a lot to be desired" describes quality, maybe mediocre. Yet "average male ringer" = ordinary, typical. The insults are about the ordinary male ringer's appearance/hygiene. The sentence is generalization about typical male ringers. I'd choose 2.

But let's evaluate the examples. Candidate 2 definition: lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered. synonyms=ordinary; examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street. "the average male ringer" exactly like "the ordinary man in the street." Candidate 3 definition: lacking exceptional quality or ability; synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling; examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance. If the context said "an average performance" or "average ability" then sense 3. Here "average male ringer" as a person, typical. So 2.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: male
Target surface form: male
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average <t>male</t> ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=male%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation | examples=a male infant; a male holly tree
2. sense_key=male%5:00:02:masculine:01 | definition=characteristic of a man | synonyms=manful, manlike, manly, virile | examples=a deep male voice; manly sports
3. sense_key=male%5:00:01:male:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys | examples=the male lead; the male population

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense for target "male" in sentence: "the average <t>male</t> ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals." Three senses: 3:00:00 biological sex producing gametes. 5:00:02:masculine:01 characteristic of a man (manly, virile). 5:00:01:male:00 for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys; examples the male lead; the male population. In context "average male ringer" means male (human) person/animal of sex. Which is sense 1 biological being the sex that produces gametes. Sense 3 pertains to or composed of men or boys, like male lead, male population. In attributive noun-ish use "male ringer" likely means [of the] sex, not 'characteristic of a man'. The examples of sense 3 are "the male lead", "the male population". Could be sense 3. But gloss says for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys. "Male population" refers to men/boys collectively; "male lead" role for a man. "average male ringer" as an individual ringer who is male. Hmm. WordNet sense 1 includes adjective "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes" examples a male infant. "male ringer" fits sense 1 (a ringer who is male). Sense 3 is a relational adjective: for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys. Which is used for groups or composed of males. Could "male ringer" be sense 3? Need decide. Fine-grained WSD. Distinguish biological sex vs. membership. "male-dominated" earlier in the text: once male-dominated field. That would likely sense 3? "male-dominated" = dominated by men. "remains male-only" = only for men. The target "average male ringer" in a quote is referring to an individual male person. WordNet adjective senses: male%3:00:00:: (of or denoting sex that produces gametes); male%5:00:01:male:00 (for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys). If the target is "male" modifying "ringer", a ringer who is a male person. In WordNet, "male infant" sense 1; "male lead" sense 3. The difference? Sense 3 is maybe denominal relational adjective meaning "designated for the male sex"? The examples: "the male lead; the male population". "male population" is the population composed of males; not necessarily biological, but gender as men/boys. "male lead" is a role. "male-dominated" and "male-only" as domain. Example "male-dominated" maybe sense 3. Quote: "average male ringer leaves..." describes individual biological characteristics. But the phrase "average male ringer" uses male to denote sex of ringer. That is sense 1? Let's see WordNet entries:

male (adj):
1. being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation; "a male infant"; "a male holly tree"
2. characteristic of a man; "a deep male voice"; "manly sports"; synonyms: manful, manlike, manly, virile
3. for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys; "the male lead"; "the male population"

Sense 3 is likely "male" as relating to men/boys in a social/collective sense. "average male ringer" = a ringer who is a male (man/boy). It is not about gametes; in everyday usage, "male ringer" means a man/boy ringer. But the biological sense is also valid for humans. However the examples of sense 3 include "the male population" and "the male lead", which are human roles and groups. That is precisely "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys." "male ringer" = ringer who is a man/boy; sense 3 perhaps. But sense 1 example "male infant" also human. WordNet distinction might be subtle: sense 1 is biological sex descriptor for any organism including humans; sense 3 is specifically anthropocentric/social: composed of men or boys. For an individual "male infant" sense 1, "male ringer" might sense 1 because no "man" nuance: a female ringer would not be a man, a male ringer could be a boy. But the contrast is women vs male ringers; quote is about men (badly dressed, beer belly, unwashed, flatulent). So likely sense 3 or generic sense 1.

We need choose single best sense. Look at context clues prior: "male-dominated field", "remains male-only". If we disambiguate those: male-dominated = dominated by males ( Sense 3? "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys"; male population). "male-only" = restricted to men. The target "average male ringer" follows as average member of the male group. The sense of male in "male-only" is similar to "male-dominated": pertains to men; sense 3. The previous uses of male (male-dominated, male-only) may guide sense selection for this instance. However, WSD should treat each target independently. They say use context, examples, synonyms. The quote is sarcastic caricature of a man, with characteristics (acne, beer belly) => manly characteristics but negative. But sense 2 is characteristic of a man (manly/virile). "average male ringer" could be interpreted as a manful/virile ringer? No: 'male' here is a classifying adjective meaning 'of the male sex', not 'characteristic of a man'. The noun phrase "male ringer" (a ringer who is male) is a classifier. Sense 2 examples 'deep male voice' is biological/manly. Actually a deep male voice can be sense 1 too; they distinguish sense 2 as characteristic of a man (manful). The synonyms are manful, manlike, manly, virile. The quote "Red-blooded, balanced male" uses male sense 1 maybe? "Red-blooded" virile introduces sense 2 connotations. But target is the later "male". Their mention says "average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent". These are characteristics of a (stereotypical) man, not just biological sex. Yet the NP simply picks out male ringers from female ringers. The description is of the group of men. Hmm.

Think of WordNet sense mapping in standard SemCor? For phrase "male voice" often sense 2? For 'male ringer' no SemCor. We need best indexed sense. The candidates explicitly list definitions. Let's evaluate exact definitions:

1. "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation". examples a male infant; a male holly tree. This is biological sex. In "average male ringer", it is a human of the male sex. Sense 1 applies.

3. "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys". examples the male lead; the male population. This is more about the category of humans as men/boys. "Male ringer" is an individual ringer who is a man/boy, perhaps sense 3 because noun 'ringer' is person. However sense 1 for human individuals is also fine. Which is more likely in WordNet? Let's inspect WordNet structure: Adjective 'male' senses include 1 "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes..." and 3 "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys". It seems sense 3 exclusively human and group/appurtenance; sense 1 biological across organisms including humans. For an individual human, sense 1 and sense 3 overlap; but WordNet includes examples "male infant" under sense 1, not sense 3, despite humans. So "male ringer" might be analogous to "male infant" => sense 1. On the other hand, "male lead" and "male population" under sense 3 are roles/collectives. "Male ringer" as profession/role might align with "male lead". But "infant" is also role (age). Actually "male infant" defined by sex of infant.

The phrase "average male ringer leaves..." - "average" selects typical member. This is not "pertaining to men" but "of the male sex". I lean sense 1. But context of earlier "male-dominated", "male-only", and argument about women vs men; maybe sense 3 because the relevant distinction is gender as men/boys, not biological sex. In common usage, "male ringer" simply means a male (sex). The WSDL might annotate as sense 1 if classifying sex.

Another clue: target surface form same as lemma "male". It appears in "average male ringer". The adjective modifies a person noun. In WordNet, 'the male population' sense 3 and 'a male infant' sense 1. How to decide? Let's consider if synonyms help. Sense 2 synonyms manful, manly, virile - qualities. Sense 3 has no synonyms listed except maybe "masculine". Actually sense_key male%5:00:02:masculine:01 as characteristic of a man, with synonyms manful etc. Wait numbering: The candidate list:
1. male%3:00:00:: definition being the sex...
2. male%5:00:02:masculine:01 definition characteristic of a man; synonyms manful, manlike, manly, virile; examples deep male voice; manly sports
3. male%5:00:01:male:00 definition for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys; examples the male lead; the male population

So sense 3 is pertainym to male noun? Hmm.

"average male ringer" - 'male' is an adjective meaning relating to men/boys. It could be sense 3. The examples for sense 3 are of human-group/role: 'the male lead,' 'the male population'. 'male ringer' exactly a role/occupation. So sense 3 might be best. But if someone asked what "male" means in "male ringer", they would say it means 'of the male sex,' which is sense 1. However WSD asks sense from candidates; we need index.

Let's examine if "male-only" and "male-dominated" would be sense 3. "male-dominated field": dominated by men; composed of men. That matches sense 3 (pertaining to/composed of men). "male-only" = only for men. Also sense 3? It pertains to men. The surrounding context strongly favors sense 3 for those collocations. Since same word appears multiple times in close proximity with same meaning? Actually target is the "male" in "average male ringer". The other male forms are not target; but context includes "male-dominated", "male-only" which are sense 3ish. So target likely sense 3. The sentence "average male ringer" maybe means average man ringer. Also the description (badly dressed, acne, beer belly, flatulent) is about men (boys unlikely), so pertains to men (sense 3). It is not about plants/animals or biological gametes. So sense 3 better.

But sense 1 not only plants; includes humans. Definition says "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes". It includes animals; humans are animals. Example male infant human. So not plants specifically, but biological. A ringer is a human, an animal. It could be sense 1. "The average male ringer" = an average ringer belonging to the male sex. If we annotate using WordNet, would a corpus annotated by humans pick sense 1 or 3? Let's try to recall SemCor examples for "male":

I can search memory: In WordNet 3.0 SemCor, "male" adjective sense 1 includes: "male elephant", "male dog", "male infant", "male population"? Probably "male population" sense 3. Sense 3 maybe "male population", "male voice"? No voice sense 2. It may be that sense 3 is used before nouns denoting human group/role (e.g., "male students", "male workers", "male participants"). But sense 1 may be used when attributing sex to an individual creature. But examples are limited.

Need to decide without hedging. Let's consider the relation between sense 1 and sense 3. Sense 1 is 'being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes' - this is inherent biological property. Sense 3 is 'for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys' - this is social/category. The noun modified matters: "holly tree" (plant) is sense 1; "infant" is individual creature; "lead" (role) and "population" (group) are human categories. "Ringer" is an occupation/human role. It is similar to "lead". It refers to people who ring bells. Therefore sense 3 seems more appropriate: "male" as 'for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys'—the ringer who is a man/boy.

However, "average male ringer" with singular indefinite determiner? No determiner "the average male ringer". It is a generic individual. It could be considered as "male" = biological sex rather than social.

Potential issue: "male ringer" might be ambiguous between senses 1 and 3; WordNet sense 3 can apply even to individuals? Definition: "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys" - "a male ringer" could pertain to a man. Yes. "The male lead" is a person in a role, similar. "The male population" is group. But can we say "a male ringer" = meaning a ringer who is a boy? Possibly sense 3 covers composed of boys. So yes.

Now, the earlier "male-only" and "male-dominated" definitely sense 3. The target appears in a chain of letter about male ringers (men). The opposite is women. So I think answer should be sense 3. But let's think more: In the quote, "the average male ringer" contrasts with "women fainting" etc. They talk about "male" as opposite of women/ladies. That is gender/sex. The description is of a man. Sense 2 characteristic of a man might be tempting due to "badly dressed, acne, beer belly, flatulent"— but these are biological/social characteristics of men not necessarily 'manly' in positive sense. But they are describing a male ringer; not using 'male' to mean manful. So sense 2 not right.

If forced choose one, I lean sense 3 because of surrounding collocations "male-dominated", "male-only" that share semantics and because the noun 'ringer' is human role. However, one could argue sense 1 as 'being the male sex' also applies to human ringers. Which is the standard annotation? Let's explore subtlety in WordNet: Sense 3 (male%5:00:01:male:00) is likely a pertainym derived from noun 'male' meaning 'an animal that produces gametes' maybe? Wait the small key male%5:00:01:male:00 indicates adjective satellite? Actually WordNet sense keys: male%3:00:00:: is adjective (3) and core? %5:00:01:male:00 is an adjective satellite (pointer to sense male:00? maybe head masculine). In WordNet, "male" as adjective satellites: one meaning 'being the sex...' (core), 'characteristic of a man' (satellite with head masculine), and 'for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys' (another satellite? head male?). The third may be a denominal adjective from the noun 'male' (a male person). So it's the most likely for "male ringer", "male-dominated".

Let's consider if "male-dominated field" uses sense 3. The sense definition "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys". Does "male-dominated" mean dominated by men? Yes. So the 'male' component is sense 3. "male-only" likewise. The target's nearest collocates are male-only. Therefore sense 3.

But the target is inside quote and is "average male ringer". If annotator sees context male-dominated/male-only uses, they might annotate all as sense 3. The argument is about men vs women. So sense 3.

However, the question asks "Target lemma: male Target surface form: male" It might be from a WSD test set where the correct sense is something like male%3:00:00:: because "male ringer" is a biological sex classifier. Let's try to recall any existing dataset examples. In ODE (Oxford) maybe adjective male: 1 of or denoting the sex that produces gametes; 2 relating to or characteristic of men. WordNet has more fine-grained. In standard WSD resolution, "male-dominated" might map to sense 3? But many automated systems may label all as sense 1. Hmm.

Let's reason from definitions strictly:

Sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes ... performs fertilizing function in generation" => intrinsic biological classification. It is used for individual organisms (plant or animal). In "the average male ringer", the word classifies the ringer by sex. That fits.

Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys" => pertains to the category of human men/boys. Example "the male lead" (a role designated for a male actor; pertaining to men), "the male population" (composed of men). "male ringer" is a person whose identity is a ringer and who is male. It could be considered composed of a man/boy? Hmm a single individual not composed.

The examples for sense 3 do not include individuals with common nouns like "male worker", "male child". "male lead" is a role; "male population" is a group. Maybe WordNet reserved sense 3 for "male" denoting human society (men/boys collectively or roles). "male ringer" as an individual may not fit if not a role? But 'ringer' is an occupation.

It may be impossible to choose deterministically; but we must. Let's consider instruction: "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." Also "Do not hedge." They emphasize examples. The nearest examples for sense 3: "the male lead; the male population". Our phrase "average male ringer" is more like "male lead" (a person in a role) than "male infant" (biological sex of baby). The "infant" example is for any sexed baby; "lead" and "population" are specifically human social categories. A ringer is a human role/group. So sense 3.

Could "male-dominated" be ambiguous with sense 1? Plants? No. So context all human. The specific "average male ringer" is human. Sense 1 includes humans but is broader biologically. Fine-grained distinctions: when used to refer to human men/boys in social contexts, sense 3. The context is social (bell-ringing groups, gender equality, roles). Therefore sense 3.

Let's also evaluate whether the definition of sense 3 "for or pertaining to or composed of men or boys" fits "male-only": only for men. "Male-dominated": dominated by men. "average male ringer": a ringer who is a man/boy. Yes.

Now produce final JSON {"sense_index": 3}. No extra text.

But before final, double-check if I should include maybe sense_index 1 because maybe association biology with "produces gametes". The user wants only JSON. Good.

Let's still ensure we adhere: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." So just index. "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So final output exactly.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male <t>ringer</t> leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Problem: choose sense for word "ringer" in context. Target surface form ringer. The context all about bell ringing: ringers today are women, bell-ringing group, sole source of ringers for Britain's prestigious churches, newspaper for ringers, male ringer, etc. So sense is a person who rings church bells. Candidate 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Do not add explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: badly
Target surface form: badly
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: <t>badly</t> dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=badly%4:02:02:: | definition=to a severe or serious degree | synonyms=severely, gravely, seriously | examples=fingers so badly frozen they had to be amputated; badly injured
2. sense_key=badly%4:02:00:: | definition=(`ill' is often used as a combining form) in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well | synonyms=ill, poorly | examples=he was ill prepared; it ill befits a man to betray old friends
3. sense_key=badly%4:02:06:: | definition=evilly or wickedly | examples=treated his parents badly; to steal is to act badly
4. sense_key=badly%4:02:05:: | definition=in a disobedient or naughty way | synonyms=mischievously, naughtily | examples=he behaved badly in school; he mischievously looked for a chance to embarrass his sister
5. sense_key=badly%4:02:04:: | definition=with great intensity (`bad' is a nonstandard variant for `badly') | synonyms=bad | examples=the injury hurt badly; the buildings were badly shaken
6. sense_key=badly%4:02:03:: | definition=very much; strongly | synonyms=bad | examples=I wanted it badly enough to work hard for it; the cables had sagged badly
7. sense_key=badly%4:02:12:: | definition=without skill or in a displeasing manner | examples=she writes badly; I think he paints very badly
8. sense_key=badly%4:02:10:: | definition=in a disadvantageous way; to someone's disadvantage | synonyms=disadvantageously | examples=the venture turned out badly for the investors; angry that the case was settled disadvantageously for them
9. sense_key=badly%4:02:07:: | definition=unfavorably or with disapproval | synonyms=ill | examples=tried not to speak ill of the dead; thought badly of him for his lack of concern
10. sense_key=badly%4:02:08:: | definition=with unusual distress or resentment or regret or emotional display | examples=they took their defeat badly; took her father's death badly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense. Target: "badly dressed". Context describing average male ringer: badly dressed, decorated with acne..., meaning dressed in a poor/unsatisfactory manner. Candidate senses: 2: in a poor or improper or unsatisfactory manner; not well (ill, poorly). Examples "he was ill prepared". Badly dressed clearly fits sense 2. Sense 12 without skill or displeasing manner; could also? "she writes badly" - skill. But dressed manner is quality/poor, not skill? "badly dressed" = dressed poorly, unsatisfactorily. Sense 2 best. Need output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dressed
Target surface form: dressed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly <t>dressed</t>, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:clothed:00 | definition=dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination | synonyms=appareled, attired, garbed, garmented, habilimented, robed | examples=the elegantly attired gentleman; neatly dressed workers
2. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:treated:02 | definition=treated with medications and protective covering
3. sense_key=dressed%5:00:00:finished:02 | definition=(of lumber or stone) to trim and smooth | synonyms=polished
4. sense_key=dressed%5:00:02:clothed:00 | definition=dressed in fancy or formal clothing | synonyms=dressed-up, dressed to the nines, dressed to kill, dolled up, spruced up, spiffed up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target: dressed in sentence "badly dressed". Context: male ringers poorly clothed. Candidate senses: 1 dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination. synonyms appareled attired etc. examples neatly dressed workers. 4 dressed in fancy or formal clothing. But "badly dressed" means poorly clothed, not fancy. Sense 1 is general clothed, often used in combinations? Sense 4 specifically fancy/formal clothing. The phrase "badly dressed" indicates manner of being clothed, not fancy. So sense 1 is best. Need return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: large
Target surface form: large
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a <t>large</t> beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=large%3:00:00:: | definition=above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=big | examples=a large city; set out for the big city
2. sense_key=large%5:00:00:significant:00 | definition=fairly large or important in effect; influential | examples=played a large role in the negotiations
3. sense_key=large%5:00:00:rhetorical:00 | definition=ostentatiously lofty in style | synonyms=bombastic, declamatory, orotund, tumid, turgid | examples=a man given to large talk; tumid political prose
4. sense_key=large%5:00:00:generous:02 | definition=generous and understanding and tolerant | synonyms=big, magnanimous | examples=a heart big enough to hold no grudges; that's very big of you to be so forgiving
5. sense_key=large%5:00:00:conspicuous:00 | definition=conspicuous in position or importance | synonyms=big, prominent | examples=a big figure in the movement; big man on campus
6. sense_key=large%5:00:00:comprehensive:00 | definition=having broad power and range and scope | examples=taking the large view; a large effect
7. sense_key=large%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=big, enceinte, expectant, gravid, great, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON only {"sense_index": <integer>}. Need disambiguate "large" in phrase "a large beer-belly". Context: woman describing average male ringer badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and flatulent. "large" modifies beer-belly, meaning above average in size or magnitude. Candidate sense 1 definition above average in size or number... synonyms big examples large city. That fits. Other senses: significant, rhetorical, generous, conspicuous, comprehensive, pregnant do not fit. So answer {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unwashed
Target surface form: unwashed
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently <t>unwashed</t> and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unwashed%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=common, plebeian, vulgar | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
2. sense_key=unwashed%5:00:00:dirty:01 | definition=not cleaned with or as if with soap and water | examples=a sink full of unwashed dishes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "unwashed" in context: describing average male ringer: badly dressed, acne, beer-belly, frequently unwashed and flatulent. Here means not washed/clean. Sense 2. Need output JSON with sense_index likely 2. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another <t>women</t> wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry. I have seen one or two men die, bless them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with single best indexed sense for target word "women" in given context. Need disambiguate among 4 senses. The target surface form "women" plural, but WordNet lemma woman. We need choose sense. Let's analyze context.

Context: about bell-ringing groups, male-only, particularly galling to women because group is sole source... etc. Sentence: "Another <t>women</t> wrote from Sheffield..." Actually target is "women" in phrase "Another women wrote"? Need check: "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed ... Another <t>women</t> wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years..." Hmm surface form is "women" though "Another women" grammatically odd, but maybe OCR/tokenization issue; likely "Another woman". They target women.

Candidate senses:
1 adult female person (as opposed to man). Syn adult female. Most general.
2 significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in particular man's life. Not relevant (collective? no).
3 female employed to do housework. Not context.
4 women as a class; womanhood, fair sex. Examples: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation."

Which sense fits use in this text? The passage refers to women in general being excluded or galling to women (general group). For target "Another women wrote from Sheffield" could be an individual adult female. But WordNet senses differ between individual adult female and collective class. For "women" plural in "stereotype of women fainting in peals", "women" as class maybe. The target word is "women" in "Another women wrote...". In that specific instance it seems to refer to another female person, an individual, sense 1. However the injunction may be to choose sense for token based on semantic, not just morphological. The gloss for sense 4 is "women as a class" and examples include singular "woman is the glory of creation". The context includes "women because the group is the sole source..." and "frequency of women fainting". This is women as a class, but target could be "Another women wrote" which is individual.

We need decide single best. WordNet sense 1 is singular definition "an adult female person". Does it apply to plural? WordNet lemmas have plurals. The plural of sense 1 is just multiple adult female persons. Sense 4 is "women as a class" (collective). If the referent in this token is an individual (or generic), sense 1. Although the surrounding context may involve women as a class, the token itself in "Another women" refers to one woman (if singular), so sense 1. "Another" indicates singular. Even surface word is plural, likely error. The antecedent "one woman ringer" then "Another women" -> another woman. Individual. So sense 1.

Let's also consider WordNet indexing. sense 1: woman%1:18:00:: adult female. sense 4: woman%1:14:00:: women as a class. In many WSD annotations, plural "women" as referring to group often sense 4? Let's think. The word "women" as a plural of "woman" generally maps to sense 1 in WordNet, unless used as a collective noun. For example, "women are smarter than men" might be sense 1 or 4? The distinct sense 4 is like "womanhood; fair sex" - a singular concept representing the class. Example: "woman is the glory of creation". So generic "women fainted" maybe still sense 1. But our target "Another women" definitely individual.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}.