[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for "other" in context "watch the other ropes". Candidate senses: 1 not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. 2 recently past. 3 belonging to distant past (early/former). 4 very unusual/strange. Context: the ringer watches other ropes (ropes besides their own). Not same ones already mentioned or implied. So sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other <t>ropes</t> and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need produce JSON {"sense_index": ? }. Target lemma rope surface form ropes. Context clearly physical ropes used by bell ringers pulling ropes through hole, rope-sight watching other ropes. Sense 1 definition a strong line. Sense 2 street names for flunitrazepan irrelevant. Best index 1. Return only JSON object. Ensure no extra text.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thus
Target surface form: thus
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and <t>thus</t> time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thus%4:02:00:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, so | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
2. sense_key=thus%4:02:01:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thusly, so | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. We need decide which sense for 'thus'. Context: "...using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls." Here 'thus' is adverb meaning 'as a result; therefore' or 'in this way'? The phrase 'watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls' means by watching other ropes they therefore/thereby time their pulls. It expresses result/consequence: by watching other ropes, as a result they time their pulls. Sense 1 definition: used to introduce logical conclusion/from that fact or reason or as a result. Sense 2: in the way indicated; 'thusly' = in this way. Which is best? The word links two clauses: watch other ropes and thus time their pulls. 'Thus' means 'thereby'/'as a result' -> sense 1. Although 'in this way' could be plausible (they watch ropes in this way to time pulls), but here 'and thus time their pulls' is resultative. Therefore sense index 1. Need output JSON exactly.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus <t>time</t> their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time | synonyms=clock | examples=he clocked the runners
2. sense_key=time%2:31:00:: | definition=assign a time for an activity or event | examples=The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene
3. sense_key=time%2:31:01:: | definition=set the speed, duration, or execution of | examples=we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely
4. sense_key=time%2:30:01:: | definition=regulate or set the time of | examples=time the clock
5. sense_key=time%2:30:06:: | definition=adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time | examples=The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD. Target word "time" in sentence: "...watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls." It's verb. Context: bell ringers use peripheral vision to watch other ropes and time their pulls. They adjust moment of their pull so it occurs at correct point (desired time), coordinating with others, not measuring duration or scheduling event or setting speed/duration/execution. Sense 5: adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time: example "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely". This matches time their pulls strongly. Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 5}. Ensure no extra explanation per user says do not hedge choose single best. final.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pulls
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their <t>pulls</t>. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you | synonyms=pulling | examples=the pull up the hill had him breathing harder; his strenuous pulling strained his back
2. sense_key=pull%1:19:00:: | definition=the force used in pulling | examples=the pull of the moon; the pull of the current
3. sense_key=pull%1:07:00:: | definition=special advantage or influence | synonyms=clout | examples=the chairman's nephew has a lot of pull
4. sense_key=pull%1:06:01:: | definition=a device used for pulling something | examples=he grabbed the pull and opened the drawer
5. sense_key=pull%1:26:00:: | definition=a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments | synonyms=wrench, twist | examples=the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell; he was sidelined with a hamstring pull
6. sense_key=pull%1:04:01:: | definition=a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke) | synonyms=puff, drag | examples=he took a puff on his pipe; he took a drag on his cigarette and expelled the smoke slowly
7. sense_key=pull%1:04:02:: | definition=a sustained effort | examples=it was a long pull but we made it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense index for "pulls" in context. Let's analyze. Target surface pulls, noun? Sentence: "thus time their pulls." Ringers pulling ropes to ring bells. They use rope-sight to watch other ropes and time their pulls. The act of pulling the rope. Candidate sense 1: the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you. Synonyms pulling. Examples: the pull up the hill had him breathing harder; his strenuous pulling strained his back. That fits: each pulling a rope, time their pulls = instances of pulling. Sense 2 force used in pulling: the pull of the moon/current; not here. Sense 7 sustained effort maybe? "it was a long pull" idiom. But here "pulls" are discrete actions timed. Sense 1 best. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: Far
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. <t>Far</t> above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform Word Sense Disambiguation. Target lemma "far" surface "Far" in context. We need choose indexed sense among 5 keys:
1 far%4:02:02:: definition to a considerable degree; very much. examples a far far better thing, felt far worse...
2 far%4:02:00:: at or to or from a great distance in space. examples traveled far, strayed far from home.
3 far%4:02:04:: at or to a certain point or degree. examples I can only go so far; how far can we get...
4 far%4:02:01:: remote in time. examples far into the future; far in the past.
5 far%4:02:05:: to an advanced stage or point. examples young man who will go very far.

The target appears as sentence: "<t>Far</t> above in the belfry". So "Far above" meaning high up; far above/at a great distance above. The phrase "Far above" is spatial distance: far above in the belfry (the belfry is far above the ringing chamber). The target "Far" modifies "above" as adverb of degree/distance. "Far above" is an adverbial phrase meaning a long way above/at or to a great distance in space (upwards). This maps sense 2: at or to or from a great distance in space? But "above" indicates vertical spatial distance. Could also be sense 4: at or to a certain point or degree? No, "Far above" not "how far". Could sense 1: to a considerable degree -> "far above" = considerably above. WordNet sense 1 definition "to a considerable degree; very much". Examples include "a far far better thing", "felt far worse than yesterday": "far" modifying comparative adjectives. "Far above" could be a comparative? "above" is not comparative but preposition/adverb; "far above" means well above, by a great amount (spatially or figuratively). In WordNet, the far%4:02:02 sense includes usage with "far" modifying comparative adjectives (better/worse) or perhaps "far above"? Let's examine.

We need use context: In a church, ringers in the ringing chamber; Far above in the belfry the huge bronze bells swing. This is clearly physical distance, space. Sense 2: at or to or from a great distance in space; examples traveled far, strayed far from home. "Far above" means at a great distance upward. The surface form capitalized because beginning sentence. The best index likely 2. But check that WordNet has adverb senses: 4:02:00 (?) Let's parse sense keys. The candidate order maybe corresponds to sense indices 1-5 in WordNet? WordNet order for far (r):
铱1. to a considerable degree; very much; "a far far better thing"; "felt far worse than yesterday" (?)
(r) 1,2,3,4,5. Actually let's recall WordNet ordering for far (r):
1. to a considerable extent or degree; "a far far better thing"; "felt far worse than yesterday"
2. at or to or from a great distance in space; "we do not go very far in our science"; "he traveled far"; "strayed far from home"
3. at or to or from a great distance in time; "a far far better thing?" no time sense.
4. by a wide margin; "it was far the best"? Hmm not given. Actually candidates don't match real WordNet order? Let's inspect the given sense indices:
1 far%4:02:02:: to a considerable degree; very much
2 far%4:02:00:: at or to or from a great distance in space
3 far%4:02:04:: at or to a certain point or degree; examples I can only go so far...
4 far%4:02:01:: remote in time; if we could see far into the future ...
5 far%4:02:05:: to an advanced stage or point; a young man who will go very far

The IDs indicate adverb, far%4. In WordNet r key offsets maybe different: 0020? But anyway candidate #2 is spatial distance. Our context is spatial. "Far above" in belfry: physical distance upward. So choose index 2.

Need answer only JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no hedging.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to choose the best sense for "above" in the given context.

The sentence is: "Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees..."

The context describes church bells: ringers are in the ringing chamber below, and the bells are in the belfry, which is higher up.

Candidate senses:
1. above%4:02:00:: = at an earlier place (referring to text above, like "see above")
2. above%4:02:01:: = in or to a place that is higher

Clearly, in this sentence, "above" refers to a physical location higher up (in the belfry). So sense 2 is correct.

The answer should be returned as JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bronze
Target surface form: bronze
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge <t>bronze</t> bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color of bronze | synonyms=bronzy
2. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00 | definition=made from or consisting of bronze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON for WSD. Need choose between two senses of bronze as adjective. Context: "the huge bronze bells". Bronze describes bells likely material/composition made of bronze. The two senses: chromatic color of bronze vs metallic consisting of bronze. Bells are made from bronze (metal). So best sense is 2. Need only {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze <t>bells</t>, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to do word sense disambiguation for the word "bells" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about church bell ringing, specifically at St. Mary Abbot church in Kensington, London. It describes ringers pulling ropes, with bells in the belfry mounted on wheels, swinging 360 degrees. These are physical bells made of bronze.

Candidates:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. doorbell/buzzer
3. the sound of a bell being struck
4. nautical time
5. shape of a bell
6-8. persons named Bell
9. percussion instrument/set of tuned bells
10. flared opening of tubular device

The target word is "bells" referring to "the huge bronze bells" in the belfry, mounted on wheels, swinging. These are individual church bells that make ringing sounds when struck. They're hollow metal devices.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - this is exactly what church bells are.

Sense 9 is about tuned bells as percussion instruments (like orchestral chimes), but these are church bells used for change ringing, not tuned orchestral percussion.

Sense 3 is about the sound, but the text is talking about physical bronze objects swinging, not the sound.

So the best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mount
Target surface form: mounted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, <t>mounted</t> on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mount%2:35:00:: | definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
2. sense_key=mount%2:30:00:: | definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise | examples=Sales were climbing after prices were lowered
3. sense_key=mount%2:30:01:: | definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
4. sense_key=mount%2:36:00:: | definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign against pornography
5. sense_key=mount%2:38:01:: | definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride | examples=mount a horse
6. sense_key=mount%2:38:00:: | definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb, climb up, go up | examples=Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?
7. sense_key=mount%2:36:01:: | definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance | synonyms=put on | examples=mount a theater production; mount an attack
8. sense_key=mount%2:35:07:: | definition=copulate with | synonyms=ride | examples=The bull was riding the cow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need do WSD for "mounted" in context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly..." Candidate senses list indices 1-8. We must choose single best indexed sense. Not output sense key, only JSON {"sense_index": N}.

Need determine sense. "mounted" here means attached to a support (wheels). It could be mount%2:35:00 attach to a support. Or mount%2:30:01 fix onto a backing, setting, or support. Let's examine WordNet senses.

Mount verb senses (from memory):
- mount, mount up (2:38:01) get up on animal etc.
- climb, climb up, mount, go up (2:38:00)
- mount, put on (2:36:01) prepare and supply equipment for execution or performance
- mount, launch (2:36:00) initiate
- wax, mount, climb, rise (2:30:00) go up or advance
- mount (2:30:01?) fix onto a backing, setting, or support. Hmm WordNet: "mount" v.wn2 3/8: "fix onto a backing or setting; 'mount the gem'; 'mount a picture'". Actually key maybe mount%2:35:00? Let's get exact. WordNet 3.1:
Synset mount.v.01 (202538354?) "climb, climb up, mount, go up"?; mount.v.02 "mount, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride"; mount.v.03 "mount, put on"; mount.v.04 "mount, launch"; mount.v.05 "wax, mount, climb, rise"; mount.v.06 "mount, fix, prepare, set, set up" maybe "prepare and supply with necessary equipment..."; mount.v.07 "ride, mount"; mount.v.08 "seat, mount" etc.

But provided candidate list:
1. mount%2:35:00:: definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
2. mount%2:30:00:: definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise | examples=Sales were climbing after prices were lowered
3. mount%2:30:01:: definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
4. mount%2:36:00:: definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign against pornography
5. mount%2:38:01:: definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride | examples=mount a horse
6. mount%2:38:00:: definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb, climb up, go up | examples=Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?
7. mount%2:36:01:: definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance | synonyms=put on | examples=mount a theater production; mount an attack
8. mount%2:35:07:: definition=copulate with | synonyms=ride | examples=The bull was riding the cow

The distinction between 1 and 3 is subtle. Sense 1 "attach to a support" example "They mounted the aerator on a floating". Sense 3 "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" example "mount slides for macroscopic analysis". Which applies to bells mounted on wheels? Bells are attached to wheels (the wheels support them and allow rotation). Could be "attach to a support". "Fix onto a backing/setting/support" maybe more for mounting gems/pictures/slides.

But sense 1 key mount%2:35:00:: (verb.body? Actually 2:35 is verb.contact). "attach to a support" likely means physical attach. Sense 3 key mount%2:30:01:: maybe verb.change? Wait 2:30 is verb.change, "fix onto a backing..."? WordNet categories: 2:30 verb.change. Hmm "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" in verb.change because fix (make fixed). Sense 1 2:35:00 verb.contact "attach to a support".

The phrase "mounted on wheels" = supported by wheels, attached to wheels. I'd lean sense 1. But candidate examples: "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (incomplete). Sense 1 fits. However, possible mapping in WordNet for "bells mounted on wheels" maybe sense 8? no. Sense 5? no. Sense 6? no. So between 1 and 3.

Let's inspect WordNet exact. Search memory:
- mount.v.08: "put up or launch"; mount.v.07: "prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance"; mount.v.06: "copulate with"; mount.v.05: "fix onto a backing or setting"; mount.v.04: "attach to a support"; mount.v.03: "go up or advance"; mount.v.02: "get up on the back of"; mount.v.01: "climb".

Actually candidate indices not WordNet order. 1 = attach to a support (key mount%2:35:00::). 3 = fix onto a backing, setting, or support (key mount%2:30:01::). Which one is "mount%2:35:00"? Let's decode. WordNet key offset? mount%2:35:00 likely synset offset maybe 01416592-v? It is under verb.contact. "attach to a support" examples: "They mounted the aerator on a floating"? Maybe the example from WordNet: "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (truncated). The definition "attach to a support" likely fits "mount a bell on a wheel". But sense 3 "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" examples: mount slides, gems.

The prompt says choose best indexed sense. We need answer only JSON. Need confidence. Let's parse semantics: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees". The wheels are a support/axle that the bells are attached to. This is clearly "attach to a support" sense. The phrase "mounted on" is a passive participle. The support is wheels. The bells are not being fixed onto a backing for display; they are mounted on wheels to enable swinging. Sense 1 includes "attach to a support". Example "They mounted the aerator on a floating [platform?]". That's exactly "mounted on [support]". So best sense_index: 1.

Double-check if any other sense could be "fix onto a backing, setting, or support". That sense often used for mounting specimens, jewels, pictures; "fix onto a backing" includes the idea of attaching to a support. However, the example "mount slides for macroscopic analysis" is attaching slides to a support for examination. The gloss "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" overlaps heavily with "attach to a support". But the candidate "attach to a support" (1) has no synonyms and examples like aerator. Candidate 3 has examples like slides. Which is more precise for wheels? If an object is "mounted on wheels," that idiom uses "mount" = "attach to a support" perhaps. In WordNet, the sense "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" has lemmas: mount. Hmm.

Let's search memory of WordNet examples:
- mount%2:35:00 "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (this is weird but WordNet example maybe from SemCor: "They mounted the aerator on a floating pontoon"?)
- mount%2:30:01 "mount slides for macroscopic analysis"; "mount a specimen" etc.

Actually WordNet gloss for "mount.v.05": "fix onto a backing or setting; 'mount slides for macroscopic analysis'". The key is offset 00139759? Lexicographer file might be verb.change (2:30). "attach to a support" sense maybe offset 01279266? Hmm.

The prompt might be from XL-WSD dataset. They index candidate senses in their order; we choose by index. For "mounted" in this context, typical gold label maybe mount%2:35:00. Let's think of SemCor annotations. Sentence about bells mounted on wheels: likely annotated as "mount%2:35:00::"? Because "mounted on wheels" could be "attach to a support".

But we should also consider "mount%2:30:01::" fix onto a backing... maybe for mechanical mounting of a wheel/axle? However example "mount slides for macroscopic analysis" suggests the action of fixing something onto a backing. For a bell on a wheel, the bell is attached to the wheel; the wheel is the support. Sense 1.

Therefore answer {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wheel
Target surface form: wheels
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on <t>wheels</t>, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wheel%1:06:00:: | definition=a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)
2. sense_key=wheel%1:06:05:: | definition=a handwheel that is used for steering | synonyms=steering wheel
3. sense_key=wheel%1:07:00:: | definition=forces that provide energy and direction | examples=the wheels of government began to turn
4. sense_key=wheel%1:06:01:: | definition=a circular helm to control the rudder of a vessel
5. sense_key=wheel%1:06:03:: | definition=game equipment consisting of a wheel with slots that is used for gambling; the wheel rotates horizontally and players bet on which slot the roulette ball will stop in | synonyms=roulette wheel
6. sense_key=wheel%1:06:02:: | definition=an instrument of torture that stretches or disjoints or mutilates victims | synonyms=rack
7. sense_key=wheel%1:06:06:: | definition=a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals | synonyms=bicycle, bike, cycle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me carefully analyze this. The target word is "wheel" and surface form is "wheels" in this context about church bell ringing.

The sentence is: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on <t>wheels</t>, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."

I need to think about what the word "wheels" means here.

Candidate senses:
1. wheel%1:06:00:: - a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle
2. wheel%1:06:05:: - steering wheel
3. wheel%1:07:00:: - forces that provide energy and direction (metaphorical)
4. wheel%1:06:01:: - a circular helm (ship rudder)
5. wheel%1:06:03:: - roulette wheel
6. wheel%1:06:02:: - instrument of torture (rack)
7. wheel%1:06:06:: - bicycle/bike/cycle

The context is about church bells mounted on "wheels" that allow them to swing 360 degrees. In bell ringing, the bells are mounted on wheels (large wooden or metal wheels with spokes) that rotate on an axle, allowing the bell to swing full circle. This is exactly the "simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes that can rotate on a shaft or axle" definition.

Sense 1 fits perfectly: circular frame with spokes (or solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle. Church bell wheels are large spoked wheels that rotate on an axle.

The other senses are clearly wrong:
- Not steering wheels
- Not metaphorical "wheels of government"
- Not a ship helm
- Not a roulette wheel
- Not an instrument of torture
- Not bicycles

So the best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swing
Target surface form: swing
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, <t>swing</t> madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swing%2:38:02:: | definition=move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting | examples=He swung his left fist; swing a bat
2. sense_key=swing%2:38:00:: | definition=move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner | synonyms=sway | examples=He swung back
3. sense_key=swing%2:38:03:: | definition=change direction with a swinging motion; turn | examples=swing back; swing forward
4. sense_key=swing%2:41:01:: | definition=influence decisively | synonyms=swing over | examples=This action swung many votes over to his side
5. sense_key=swing%2:35:00:: | definition=make a big sweeping gesture or movement | synonyms=sweep, swing out
6. sense_key=swing%2:42:00:: | definition=hang freely | synonyms=dangle, drop | examples=the ornaments dangled from the tree; The light dropped from the ceiling
7. sense_key=swing%2:33:00:: | definition=hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement | examples=The soccer player began to swing at the referee
8. sense_key=swing%2:30:08:: | definition=alternate dramatically between high and low values | examples=his mood swings; the market is swinging up and down
9. sense_key=swing%2:42:01:: | definition=live in a lively, modern, and relaxed style | examples=The Woodstock generation attempted to swing freely
10. sense_key=swing%2:42:10:: | definition=have a certain musical rhythm | examples=The music has to swing
11. sense_key=swing%2:41:00:: | definition=be a social swinger; socialize a lot | synonyms=get around
12. sense_key=swing%2:36:03:: | definition=play with a subtle and intuitively felt sense of rhythm
13. sense_key=swing%2:35:08:: | definition=engage freely in promiscuous sex, often with the husband or wife of one's friends | examples=There were many swinging couples in the 1960's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON. Need choose best sense. Context: bells mounted on wheels swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending mouth-up. They hang freely? Bell swings like pendulum, moving in arc. Candidate senses:
1 move in curve or arc usually with intent of hitting - not hitting, physical object moving in arc. But definition says usually intent hitting; but schematic.
2 move or walk in swinging/swaying manner - maybe sway, but bells not walking. Swaying manner.
3 change direction with swinging motion; turn - could swing back/forward. But phrase "swing through a full 360 degrees" describes pendulum-like rotation.
5 make big sweeping gesture/movement - no.
6 hang freely - synonyms dangle drop. But bells are mounted on wheels, not just hang; they swing. Maybe sense 6 is for suspended freely, e.g., "the heavy door swung open"? Wait hang freely definition includes dangling, but swing can mean "move in a curve" perhaps separate.
Need map WordNet senses: swing v.1? Let me recall WordNet synsets for verb "swing".
swing%2:38:00 move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting
swing%2:38:01 move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner
swing%2:38:02 change direction with a swinging motion; turn
swing%2:38:03? Actually ordering: Let's check WordNet sense keys.
- swing.v.01 move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting (key 2:38:00)
- swing.v.02 move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner (2:38:01)
- swing.v.03 change direction with a swinging motion; turn (2:38:02)
- swing.v.04 influence decisively (2:41:01)
- swing.v.05 make a big sweeping gesture or movement (2:35:00)
- swing.v.06 hang freely (2:42:00)
- swing.v.07 hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement (2:33:00)
- swing.v.08 alternate dramatically between high and low values (2:30:08)
- swing.v.09 live in a lively modern... (2:42:01)
- swing.v.10 have a certain musical rhythm (2:42:10)
- swing.v.11 be a social swinger (2:41:00)
- swing.v.12 play with a subtle... (2:36:03)
- swing.v.13 engage freely in promiscuous sex (2:35:08)

But the candidate list order is different: they assign index 1 = sense_key swing%2:38:02:: (definition move in curve or arc, usually intent hitting)?? Wait the first candidate given index 1 is swing%2:38:02:: with definition move in a curve or arc, usually with intent hitting. In WordNet key 2:38:02 should be "change direction with a swinging motion; turn". They gave index 3 = swing%2:38:03:: definition change direction... But key 2:38:03 doesn't exist? Hmm maybe they remapped? Need not care about keys beyond selecting by index. The user wants choose single best indexed sense among listed definitions. We must output index number. The candidate list includes definitions, which we can trust.
Candidate 1 definition: move in a curve or arc, usually with intent of hitting. Example he swung his left fist/bat. This is transitive/intransitive? Bell moves in a curve or arc, but not intent hitting. Yet the phrase "swing madly through a full 360 degrees" strongly matches moving in a curve or arc. But definition "usually with intent of hitting" is likely artifact; physical swinging objects also? In WordNet, "swing.v.01" includes "The tree branches were swinging in the wind"? Not sure. Let's verify typical WordNet examples for swing.v.01: "He swung his left fist", "swing a bat". For swing.v.02 (move or walk in swaying manner): "He swung back". For swing.v.03 (change direction with swinging motion): "swing back", "swing forward". For hang freely (swing.v.06): examples "the ornaments dangled from the tree; The light dropped from the ceiling" synonyms dangle/drop. That seems not appropriate because bell isn't stationary hanging; it's rotating on wheel.
The target: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees". This is an intransitive motion of bells rotating in arc (full circle). The best sense among given is 1 (move in a curve or arc) because physical object moving in an arc, despite "intent hitting". However "through a full 360 degrees" indicates change direction/turn through full rotation maybe candidate 3? But 3 is change direction with a swinging motion; turn. Example "swing back; swing forward". That implies something pivots to change direction. The bells start and end inverted, so they rotate 360 degrees and change direction each time? Actually a full circle would not change direction if continues, but "starting and ending in inverted position" means a complete rotation, then maybe continue? In change ringing, bell swings back and forth, nearly full circle, alternating direction; "through a full 360 degrees" maybe it swings round full circle one way, then back. Hmm.
Let's parse: "mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position." This describes bell swinging all the way over, doing 360-degree arc, starting and ending inverted. That's literally moving in a curve/arc. Candidate 1. Could also be "change direction with a swinging motion; turn" (candidate 3) because the bell turns around. But definition of candidate 3 is "change direction with a swinging motion; turn" examples "swing back; swing forward." The bell "swing madly through a full 360 degrees" is not just change direction; it's traverse full circle. Candidate 1 best.
The task is to choose single best indexed sense. Need output JSON only: {"sense_index": 1}. We should ensure no extra text. No hedging. The system says return only JSON. So final just JSON.
But let's deeply consider if WordNet sense for inanimate object swinging is "hang freely" (v06). Example "the light dropped from the ceiling" synonyms dangle/drop. The definition "hang freely" refers to objects suspended, swinging freely. But "mounted on wheels" not hanging. Also they don't hang freely from rope; bell attached to wheel, rotates around headstock. In bell ringing, bells "swing" through full circle. WordNet may have sense "move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis". In WordNet maybe this is grouped under "swing.v.02 move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner". Example "He swung back". But inanimate? "The door swung open" maybe which sense? In WordNet "swing.v.03 change direction with a swinging motion; turn" example "The door swung shut". Candidate 3's example includes "swing back; swing forward" but not door. Candidate 2's examples "He swung back". Hmm.
The candidate list is custom; we rely on definitions. Let's examine each:
1. move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting — objects can swing in a curve.
2. move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner — sway. Bell could sway but not walk.
3. change direction with a swinging motion; turn — bell changes direction? yes, but the phrase through 360 degrees maybe "turn".
4. influence decisively no.
5. make a big sweeping gesture or movement no.
6. hang freely no (bell isn't hanging freely; mounted on wheels; also not dangling).
7. hit/aim with sweeping arm movement no.
8. alternate values no.
9. lifestyle no.
10 musical rhythm no.
11 social no.
12 play rhythm no.
13 promiscuous sex no.
Between 1,2,3.
The target says "swing madly through a full 360 degrees". That's a curve/arc. If the intent of hitting part is too strong, sense 2/3? But 1 explicitly mentions "move in a curve or arc". The bell's motion is exactly moving in a curve/arc. It's the best schematic match. Candidate 2 is about walking/swaying manner. 3 is about change direction/turn. The phrase "swing through" suggests traversing, not just changing direction. So 1.
Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: madly
Target surface form: madly
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing <t>madly</t> through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=madly%4:02:02:: | definition=in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=frantically | examples=she fought back madly
2. sense_key=madly%4:02:01:: | definition=in an insane manner | synonyms=insanely, crazily, dementedly | examples=she behaved insanely; he behaves crazily when he is off his medication
3. sense_key=madly%4:02:00:: | definition=(used as intensives) extremely | synonyms=insanely, deadly, deucedly, devilishly | examples=she was madly in love; deadly dull

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose index 1-3. Context: bells swing madly through 360 degrees, starting/ending inverted. Describing physical motion uncontrolled? Or extremely? "swing madly through a full 360 degrees" suggests vigorous, uncontrolled manner. Candidate 1: in an uncontrolled manner; frantically; she fought back madly. Candidate 3: extremely/intensifier; she was madly in love; deadly dull. Here modifies verb swing, meaning not intensity of degree but manner of wild uncontrolled swinging. Could be 'frantically' swinging. Candidate 2 in insane manner for behavior, not physical. Thus best 1. Need answer JSON only.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: full
Target surface form: full
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a <t>full</t> 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=full%3:00:00:: | definition=containing as much or as many as is possible or normal | examples=a full glass; a sky full of stars
2. sense_key=full%5:00:01:whole:00 | definition=constituting the full quantity or extent; complete | synonyms=entire, total | examples=an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention
3. sense_key=full%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=complete in extent or degree and in every particular | synonyms=total | examples=a full game; a total eclipse
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:nourished:00 | definition=filled to satisfaction with food or drink | synonyms=replete | examples=a full stomach
5. sense_key=full%3:00:01:: | definition=(of sound) having marked deepness and body | examples=full tones; a full voice
6. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
7. sense_key=full%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=being at a peak or culminating point | synonyms=broad | examples=broad daylight; full summer
8. sense_key=full%5:00:02:ample:00 | definition=having ample fabric | synonyms=wide, wide-cut | examples=the current taste for wide trousers; a full skirt

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for "full" in sentence: "...swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."
Candidate senses:
1 containing as much or as many as possible/normal (antonym of empty)
2 constituting full quantity/extent; complete (entire, total) -> "full 360 degrees"? The bells swing through a complete 360 degrees. Likely sense 2 or 3.
3 complete in extent or degree and in every particular (a full game; total eclipse). Slight distinctions.
4 replete food no.
5 sound no.
6 ample amount no.
7 high peak no (full daylight).
8 ample fabric wide skirt no.
The phrase "a full 360 degrees" means a complete rotation, entire/complete. Sense 2's definition: constituting the full quantity or extent; complete; synonyms: entire, total; examples "gave full attention" "an entire town". Sense 3: complete in extent or degree and in every particular; synonyms: total; examples "a full game; a total eclipse".
Which is better? "full 360 degrees" = the full extent of 360 degrees; sense 2 "entire/total". Sense 3 "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" maybe more about exhaustive. In WordNet, full%5:00:01:whole:00 (sense 2) is adj.all used in attributive meaning whole/entire. full%5:00:00:complete:00 (sense 3) means complete in extent or degree (like a full game). The phrase "a full 360 degrees" maybe maps to full as adjective modifying degrees, meaning complete/entire. Example "a full game" (sense 3). But "a full circle" maybe sense 2? Hmm.
Let's consider WordNet hierarchy. Sense 2 is satellite of whole? It has similar to whole. Definition "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" matches "a full 360 degrees" = constituting the full quantity/extent (360). Sense 3's definition "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" with examples "full game, total eclipse" refers to events that are complete, not partial. A "full degree?" but here "a full 360 degrees" is not a part called full of an event, but a complete angular extent. Sense 2 seems more appropriate.
The question says don't answer with sense key, return JSON. We need only {"sense_index": X}. Choose single best index, likely 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degrees
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 <t>degrees</t>, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose best sense for "degrees" in "swing madly through a full 360 degrees". This clearly measure for arcs and angles, 360 degrees in a circle. Sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: starting
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, <t>starting</t> and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need disambiguate "starting" in context. The sentence: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position." Target lemma start, surface starting. Need choose best indexed sense among 14.

We need reason about senses. The use is "swing ... through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending in the inverted position". Starting is intransitive? The bells swing, starting and ending. They begin/end in a position. So start meaning have a beginning in a spatial/temporal/evaluative sense? Let's examine candidate senses.

1 start%2:30:00:: take first step or steps in carrying out an action. Active volitional begin an activity. Not about position of bells.

2 start%2:30:01:: set in motion, cause to start (transitive). Not used transitively? "starting and ending" likely intransitive (the bells start). Could be participial. But context: bells swing through 360 degrees, starting and ending in inverted position. This is more about the beginning point of motion.

3 leave. No.

4 start%2:42:00:: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense. Example: The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro. "starting ... in the inverted position" = having its beginning at that position. Could fit.

5 bring into being. No.

6 get off the ground. No.

7 move/jump suddenly (startle). No.

8 get going or set in motion (transitive: start engine). No.

9 begin or set in motion (intransitive): I start at eight; ready set go. That's beginning an action. But here "starting in a position" is about spatial beginning, not setting in motion. Could be. However sense 9 examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" are intransitive begin to move/act. In "swing ... starting and ending in the inverted position", it describes phases of a swing; the swing starts at inverted position. It is intransitive but with spatial locative complement. Which sense is best?

10 begin work/job. No.

11 sports. No.

12 have a beginning characterized in some specified way. Examples: The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees. This means the beginning is characterized by/with something. Here "starting ... in the inverted position" could be have a beginning characterized spatially. However sense 12 often takes "with" phrase. It can take adverbial? Not sure. "start in X position" maybe sense 4 (have a beginning spatially) rather than 12 (characterized in some specified way). Need parse.

13 begin an event implied by direct object (begin a cigar; start the soup). Intransitive? no.

14 bulge outward. No.

We need decide between 4 and 12 perhaps also 9. Let's analyze WordNet definitions.

Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" ( begin%2:42:04::? Actually start%2:42:00). Synonyms: begin. Examples: The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro. The phrase "begin right over the hill" is spatial. So "starting in the inverted position" is spatial beginning. Good.

Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" (start%2:42:03::). Synonyms: begin. Examples: The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees. This is about how something begins (with something). A position maybe "in the inverted position" is a characterization of beginning. But "begin in position" is more a locative beginning, which sense 4 captures.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" (start%2:38:00::). Intransitive action begin. It can be used with time/location? Example: "I start at eight in the morning" includes time. This is somewhat temporal. But "starting in the inverted position" specifically describes spatial endpoint/start. Sense 4 is more precise because it's "have a beginning in a spatial sense".

The phrase "starting and ending" symmetrical, both refer to endpoints of the swing. The bells swing through 360 degrees; their path begins/ends at inverted position. That is a spatial sense. So likely sense 4.

But we should consider part of speech: "starting" is present participle modifying the bells (or clause). It can be stative/locative, not dynamic.

In WordNet, start as intransitive verb sense 4 vs 9: Which has 'spatial' in definition. Direct example "The DMZ begins right over the hill" exactly spatial. So answer 4.

Need output JSON {"sense_index": 4} only. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: end
Target surface form: ending
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and <t>ending</t>, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=end%2:42:00:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=stop, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
2. sense_key=end%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to an end or halt | synonyms=terminate | examples=She ended their friendship when she found out that he had once been convicted of a crime; The attack on Poland terminated the relatively peaceful period after WW I
3. sense_key=end%2:42:01:: | definition=be the end of; be the last or concluding part of | synonyms=terminate | examples=This sad scene ended the movie
4. sense_key=end%2:36:13:: | definition=put an end to | examples=The terrible news ended our hopes that he had survived

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD. Target lemma end, target surface ending. Candidate senses index 1-4. Need choose single best. Context: bells swing madly through full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Here ending is intransitive: the bells end in a position. Sense 1: have an end, in temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical; synonyms stop, finish, terminate, cease; examples bronchioles terminate in capillary bed; rights stop. This fits spatial endpoint: bells swing through 360 degrees and end up (in a position). Sense 3 definition be the end of; be last or concluding part of; examples This sad scene ended the movie (intrans? Actually ended the movie transitive). But "starting and ending in position" means the act of ending consists of being in the final position/back at inverted. Hmm. Need parse subject: "the huge bronze bells ... swing ... through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position." Does "ending" modify bells? The bells end in a position. "end" here intransitive verb = "to come to a spatial position". Sense 1: have an end spatial. Sense 3 is transitive "be the end of; be the last or concluding part of" where subject is the end part (This sad scene ended the movie), meaning cause? Actually WordNet 3.1 sense: v 4 end%2:42:01: be the end of; be the last or concluding part of; "This sad scene ended the movie". That's transitive: the scene is the end, not the movie. So not appropriate because bells are not the end (maybe the motion). Sense 1: "have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense" can be intransitive. Example "the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed" spatial. This exactly fits "swing ... starting and ending in the inverted position". So choose index 1.
Need output JSON only exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inverted
Target surface form: inverted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the <t>inverted</t>, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inverted%5:00:00:turned:00 | definition=being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed | synonyms=upside-down | examples=a quotation mark is sometimes called an inverted comma; an upside-down cake
2. sense_key=inverted%3:00:04:: | definition=(of a plant ovule) completely inverted; turned back 180 degrees on its stalk | synonyms=anatropous

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for "inverted" in context. Context: bells start and end in the inverted, or mouth-up position. The position means top and bottom reversed for a bell: normally mouth-down, inverted means mouth-up/upside-down. Sense 1: being in such a position that top and bottom are reversed; synonyms upside-down; examples inverted comma, upside-down cake. Sense 2: plant ovule anatropous. Not relevant. Answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Need only JSON. Ensure exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: position
Target surface form: position
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up <t>position</t>. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=position%1:15:00:: | definition=the particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=place | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
2. sense_key=position%1:15:02:: | definition=a point occupied by troops for tactical reasons | synonyms=military position
3. sense_key=position%1:09:00:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=view, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
4. sense_key=position%1:07:01:: | definition=the arrangement of the body and its limbs | synonyms=posture, attitude | examples=he assumed an attitude of surrender
5. sense_key=position%1:26:00:: | definition=the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society | synonyms=status | examples=he had the status of a minor; the novel attained the status of a classic
6. sense_key=position%1:04:01:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=post, berth, office, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
7. sense_key=position%1:07:00:: | definition=the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated | synonyms=spatial relation | examples=the position of the hands on the clock; he specified the spatial relations of every piece of furniture on the stage
8. sense_key=position%1:15:03:: | definition=the appropriate or customary location | examples=the cars were in position
9. sense_key=position%1:04:02:: | definition=(in team sports) the role assigned to an individual player | examples=what position does he play?
10. sense_key=position%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of putting something in a certain place | synonyms=placement, location, locating, positioning, emplacement
11. sense_key=position%1:26:02:: | definition=a condition or position in which you find yourself | synonyms=situation | examples=the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils; found herself in a very fortunate situation
12. sense_key=position%1:09:01:: | definition=a rationalized mental attitude | synonyms=stance, posture
13. sense_key=position%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=side | examples=there are two sides to every question
14. sense_key=position%1:10:01:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=place | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position
15. sense_key=position%1:04:03:: | definition=the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another | synonyms=stead, place, lieu | examples=can you go in my stead?; took his place
16. sense_key=position%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD. Target lemma position, surface form position. Context about bell ringing: huge bronze bells swing through 360 degrees, starting and ending in inverted, or mouth-up position. The phrase: "in the inverted, or mouth-up position". Need choose best indexed sense among candidates.

Candidate definitions:
1 position%1:15:00:: particular portion of space occupied by something. synonyms=place. This is a concrete location.
2 military position.
3 viewpoint.
4 arrangement of body and limbs (posture). Not about object orientation? Could be body posture; maybe not bell.
5 status.
6 job.
7 spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated; spatial relation. Examples "position of hands on clock", spatial relations. This is about orientation/location of something, often relational.
8 appropriate or customary location. examples cars were in position. But here "mouth-up position" is a type of position/orientation.
9 team sports role.
10 act of putting something in a certain place.
11 condition/situation.
12 rationalized mental attitude.
13 opinion in argument.
14 item on list/sequence.
15 post/function served by another.
16 act of positing.

We need decide between sense 1 (particular portion of space occupied by something) and sense 7 (spatial property/way something is situated) and sense 8 (appropriate/customary location). The phrase "mouth-up position" refers to the orientation/spatial arrangement of the bell (its mouth facing up). WordNet's 'position' sense 1:15:00 (particular portion of space occupied by something) is gloss "the particular portion of space occupied by something". Synonym place. Example "he put the lamp back in its place". This is a concrete place. Sense 7: "the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated" synonyms spatial relation; examples position of hands on clock; spatial relations of furniture. This is more about relative position or spatial relation, not simply location. The context: bells swing, starting and ending in inverted, or mouth-up position. This is an orientation/configuration, not a particular occupied space? It says "mouth-up position" as a kind of posture of the bell. Could map to sense 1 (particular portion of space occupied by something) with "position" meaning place/orientation in space. But sense 7 is "spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated". The phrase "in the inverted, or mouth-up position" describes the spatial arrangement of the bell (mouth up). Which candidate is best?

Let's inspect exact WordNet senses. position noun in WordNet 3.0 maybe has many senses. Let's recall mapping:

- 1:15:00 physical object? Actually 'place' sense.
- 1:15:02 military position
- 1:09:00 point of view
- 1:07:01 posture (of body)
- 1:26:00 status
- 1:04:01 occupation/post
- 1:07:00 spatial relation
- 1:15:03 location (cars were in position)
- 1:04:02 team sports
- 1:04:00 act of placing
- 1:26:02 situation
- 1:09:01 stance/posture mental
- 1:10:00 side/opinion
- 1:10:01 place in sequence
- 1:04:03 stead
- 1:04:04 positing

The phrase "mouth-up position" is more like "orientation" of an inanimate object. WordNet has "position" sense 7 as spatial relation, often used for "the position of the hands on the clock" i.e. where things are. "Mouth-up position" could be categorized under spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated. It is not "particular portion of space occupied by something" because that would be a place/spot (e.g., at a position). "Mouth-up" is an orientation, a spatial property. Also candidate 8 "appropriate or customary location" not appropriate.

But consider: "starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position." They refer to a position of the bell at the end of swing. It is a spatial location/orientation. Sense 1 is "the particular portion of space occupied by something" and examples "he put the lamp back in its place". If you say "the bell ends in an inverted position," position could mean a particular spatial arrangement/place. Which sense index is best? Let's reason using distributional semantics of WSD: the target is "position" preceded by "mouth-up". "Mouth-up position" strongly describes spatial orientation; synonyms "spatial relation" fits. The examples for sense 7 include "the position of the hands on the clock" which is an orientation in space. The bell's mouth-up is analogous to position of hands. So sense 7 likely.

However, WordNet sense 1:15:00 may be the most common physical position. But the task says use context and examples. "Mouth-up" qualifies a spatial relation/orientation, not just location. I choose sense 7.

But let's verify no other sense fits: Sense 4 posture/attitude arrangement of body and limbs. The bell doesn't have a body/limbs. Sense 12 stance/mental. No. So 7.

Need return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 7}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled <t>ringers</t> use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose one best sense. Context: church, bell ringing practice, pulling ropes, belfry, huge bronze bells, English novelist Dorothy Sayers described ringing. So target "ringers" are persons who ring church bells. Sense 1 matches: person who rings church bells; synonyms toller, bell ringer. Need output JSON with sense_index key. The instruction says do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON object {"sense_index": 3} format. Since sense 1 best, {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers <t>use</t> their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON only. Determine best sense for "use" in sentence: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change."

Context: ringers use their wrists to control/adjust. Candidate senses:
1 put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose/inherent purpose. synonyms utilize, apply, employ.
4 seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage (She uses her influential friends...). This is instrumental: use X to do Y, possibly exploiting. But "use their wrists" is physical, putting body part into service to manipulate. Sense 1 fits "put into service; employ for a particular purpose" (use wrists to advance or retard). Sense 4 involves using people/connections to one's advantage. Not exactly. So choose index 1.

We must only output JSON.