[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fate
Target surface form: fate
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fate%1:11:00:: | definition=an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future | synonyms=destiny
2. sense_key=fate%1:18:00:: | definition=the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman) | synonyms=destiny | examples=we are helpless in the face of destiny
3. sense_key=fate%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target "fate" in context sentence: "after his mother had suffered the same <t>fate</t> when she was a baby." We have candidate senses 1,2,3. Must choose best indexed sense. Need output JSON with sense_index only. Need think carefully.

Definitions:
1. event/course of events that will inevitably happen in the future; synonyms destiny. e.g. fate awaited them. This is a future occurrence, outcome.
2. ultimate agency regarded as predetermining course of events (often personified), destiny, example we are helpless in face of destiny.
3. overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you), synonyms fortune, destiny, luck, lot, circumstances, portion; examples whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate.

In context, "suffered the same fate" means experienced the same bad outcome/condition (lost an eye to rare tumor). "Suffer the same fate" idiom: experience same unfortunate outcome. Which WordNet sense? Let's examine typical mapping. WordNet 3.1 fate:
sense 1: an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future [noun.event]
sense 2: the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events [noun.person]
sense 3: your overall circumstances or condition in life [noun.state]

In "suffered the same fate", likely sense 1? Because it refers to a course of events/outcome that happened to mother: she lost an eye to tumor. "Fate" as outcome that befalls someone. But sense 3 also plausible as "suffered the same fate" meaning same condition/lot. The phrase "suffered the same fate" is common WSD examples? Let's recall WordNet usage. "deserved a better fate" is example for sense 3; means overall circumstances or condition. But "same fate" can be sense 1 event/outcome inevitably. We must decide.

Let's parse context. The mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby: "the same fate" refers back to "lost an eye to the rare tumor". So fate here is "losing an eye to the tumor". Is that an event/course of events? The event is something that happened in the past, not future, but definition says "that will inevitably happen in the future". But glosses are schematic; an event or course of events. The phrase "suffered the same fate" treats fate as a misfortune that happens to a person.

Sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)" includes events that happen to you. Example "deserved a better fate" shares the concept of fortune/luck in life. "Same fate" can map to sense 3? "Circumstances or condition in life" is more like a person's lot/destiny, not necessarily a specific shared event.

Let's look at WordNet examples for sense 1: maybe "decided his fortune must be his fate"? Hmm.

Let's search memory: WordNet noun fate:
1. (fate, destiny) an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
=> Part of Speech: noun.event
   Definition: an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
   Examples: "nothing could ever break it down--ever"?? Not sure.
2. (fate, destiny) ultimate agency... - noun.person? Actually group?
3. (fortune, destiny, fate, luck, lot, circumstances, portion) your overall circumstances or condition in life...

I recall examples in sense 1: "he makes his own fortune" maybe? No.

The phrase "suffered the same fate" is in line with sense 1: an event that happens inevitably. "Suffer the same fate" is a collocation where 'fate' refers to outcome. But sense 3 includes 'whatever my fortune may be', 'deserved a better fate' — when you say 'deserved a better fate', fate = lot in life, condition. "Suffered the same fate" could be considered 'lot'. Which is more likely in WordNet indexing? Let's examine semantic distinctions.

Sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". This is about future, predetermined outcome. In context, the mother had suffered that event in the past; it already happened, not future. But the definition includes inevitability, not strictly future? "that will inevitably happen in the future" describes an event. You can speak of fate as an outcome.

Sense 3: "overall circumstances or condition in life including everything that happens to you". This is a state. In context, losing an eye at two months is a life circumstance/condition, a misfortune. But "same fate" likely refers not to overall life condition but the specific calamity.

This is tricky. Need choose single best. We must use context, synonyms, examples together.

Let's analyze "suffered the same fate when she was a baby". "Suffered" generally takes an event/affliction (suffered a loss, suffered an injury). "Fate" in this phrase is not agency (sense 2). It's between sense 1 and 3.

"Same fate" - they both lost an eye to tumor. The synonym "destiny" sense 1 vs "fortune/lot" sense 3. "Same fate" maps to "same destiny"? If you say "he suffered the same fate as his mother" cannot paraphrase as "he suffered the same destiny". Destiny is predetermined future; here it's already happened. But you can say "he suffered the same lot"? "lot" = fortune of person, could refer to bad fortune. The idiom is "suffer the same fate" not "same fortune". However WordNet's sense 3 includes fate as a condition/state; examples "deserved a better fate". "His mother suffered the same fate" resonates with "deserved a better fate"—both use 'fate' as what befalls someone. Hmm.

Look at example for sense 1: maybe "the oracle predicted his fate". That is future. Sense 3 examples: "whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate". "Suffered the same fate" is closer to "deserved a better fate" than predict future. Also, in "deserved a better fate," the fate is a condition determined by life. "Suffered the same fate" uses the same meaning: the bad outcome/lot.

But maybe the WordNet sense 3 refers to "one's overall circumstances or condition in life" — e.g., "good fortune" "bad luck" "lot in life". "The same fate" could be a specific event, while "overall circumstances" is broader. But WordNet gloss includes "including everything that happens to you," so a specific event too.

Let's recall mapping of 'fate' in standard WSD corpora like SemCor. Sentence "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby" maybe annotated with which sense? Let's think if any. Could be wordnet sense 1 or 3. SemCor maybe has 'fate' instances:
- "They, too, were escaping the fate of the Jews" maybe sense 1? "Fate of the Jews" = outcome.
- "His face was scarred from a childhood accident, another cruel trick of fate." Here 'fate' is agency? trick of fate maybe sense 2? Hmm.

In the phrase "suffered the same fate", I think WordNet indexes as sense 1? Let's inspect possible examples found in WordNet:
Sense 1 examples? WordNet online:
noun 1. destiny, fate - an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future
"nothing could ever break it down--ever"??? Actually no.
noun 2. destiny, fate - the ultimate agency regarded as predetermining the course of events (often personified as a woman); "we are helpless in the face of destiny"
noun 3. fortune, destiny, fate, luck, lot, circumstances, portion - your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you); "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate"; "success that was her portion"

Definition of sense 1 is an event/series of events. "Suffered the same fate"—the same event (losing an eye) occurring. That fits sense 1 well. "Fate" in sense 1 is the future event(s) predetermined. In context, Mr. Quinlan's mother had already suffered it; but we talk of it as event/condition. Example for sense 3 says "deserved a better fate"—there fate is condition/lot, not specific event. Both plausible.

Let's think of co-occurrence with "suffered". "Suffer a fate" means undergo a particular outcome. WordNet's sense 1 often co-occurs with "met his fate", "suffered a terrible fate"? Not sure.

Let's search memory of lexical usage: In WordNet's example lists, 'fate' sense 1 might have example "a terrible fate awaited them". Sense 3 has "deserved a better fate". "Suffer the same fate" could be either.

We might make binary decision based on whether "fate" refers to future predetermined outcome or to condition/lot. The sentence says "had suffered the same fate". "Suffered" and "same fate" imply a particular misfortune, event. Yet the phrase can be paraphrased "had undergone the same unfortunate experience." That corresponds to sense 1 event. If sense 3, paraphrase "had the same life circumstances"—acceptable but less precise.

Also compare synonyms: "destiny" for sense 1. "his mother had suffered the same destiny" sounds odd because destiny usually future, not past (though one can say "suffered such destiny"). Synonyms for sense 3: "fortune/luck/lot/circumstances/portion". "She suffered the same luck/lot" fits. In the phrase "suffer the same fate", 'fate' is interchangeable with 'lot', but more common 'same fate'.

Let's consider frequency of senses. Maybe the semantically closest sense in WordNet for "suffered the same fate" is sense 1 because that's the prototypical usage of 'fate' as an outcome, particularly in the collocation "suffer a fate". However WordNet's sense 1 specifically "event/course of events that will inevitably happen in the future"—this is about future, not past. In context, the situation is being described as a repeated family occurrence, perhaps predetermined condition (genetic). Could be sense 3 as 'lot' due to hereditary destiny.

But 'after his mother had suffered the same fate' is clearly talking about mother losing an eye at two months. The phrase "same fate" refers to the eye loss, which is an event/course of events. Event sense.

We need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1} or 3. We must not hedge. I think sense 1 is best. But I want to be absolutely sure. Let's reflect deeper on WordNet fine-grained senses.

Sense 1 (fate%1:11:00::) is in noun.event (1:11). Sense 3 (fate%1:26:00::) is noun.state (1:26). The context: "suffered the same <t>fate</t>"—suffer is an action verb, but the object is 'fate'. If fate is an event (noun.event) that can be undergone, then sense 1. If fate is a state/condition, also can be suffered. But "suffer" often with nouns denoting condition/state (suffer a fate? hmm). Actually "suffer" takes an injury, loss, defeat, fate (event). "suffer a fate" is a fixed phrase where fate = outcome/destiny.

For WSD, we might use gloss overlap: definition sense 1: "an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future". Context: mother suffered same event. Definition sense 3: "your overall circumstances or condition in life ... including everything that happens to you." Context: shared particular eye loss, not overall circumstances. So sense 1 more specific.

However, there is a nuance: "the same fate" could refer to same "condition" in life (being affected by retinoblastoma). But the phrase "suffered the same fate" is likely referring to "lost an eye to the rare tumor."

Let's also note the surrounding theme: genetic destiny / predictive diagnosis. "What threat the Quinlan baby faced." Cancer-susceptible, risk, fate. But the specific instance: mother suffered same fate. Could invoke sense 2 (agency of destiny)? No, grammar: "had suffered the same fate" has fate as object, not agency.

Will choose sense_index 1. But I want to verify using examples maybe in WordNet: sense 1 examples: "a prisoner of the Russian winter was his fate"? Not sure.

Actually I recall WordNet for fate sense 1 might have examples: "a fate worse than death"; "the楼宇's fate was sealed." Hmm.

Maybe standard WSD examples: In sense 1: "fate of the universe." In sense 3: "ill-fated," "deserved better fate." The phrase "suffer the same fate" in many dictionaries defined as "to experience the same bad thing that happened to someone else." WordNet maps this to sense 1 (event/course of events). I think yes.

Thus final JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.

Need ensure no extra. Output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Venice


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON object with sense_index. We need determine best sense for "baby" in context: "after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a <t>baby</t>." Mother lost an eye to retinoblastoma when she was a baby. Baby here refers to very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk. Sense index 1. Need ensure not other sense. "when she was a baby" = infant. So sense_index: 1. Return only JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: isolation
Target surface form: isolation
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the <t>isolation</t> of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=isolation%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of separation between persons or groups
2. sense_key=isolation%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of being disliked and alone
3. sense_key=isolation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others | synonyms=closing off
4. sense_key=isolation%1:22:00:: | definition=(psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which memory of an unacceptable act or impulse is separated from the emotion originally associated with it
5. sense_key=isolation%1:04:01:: | definition=a country's withdrawal from international politics | examples=he opposed a policy of American isolation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON object with sense_index. We need choose sense for isolation in context. Target sentence: Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. This means scientific isolation (identifying/separating the gene) – the act of isolating something; setting something apart from others. In biology, gene isolation means identifying and cloning. So sense 3 closing off, act of isolating something. JSON {"sense_index":3}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it <t>became</t> possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need do WSD for target 'became' in sentence: "... it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." Meaning became = 'begin to be' / 'come to be' which is sense 1? Let's examine candidate WordNet senses.
Sense1 become%2:30:00:: definition enter or assume a certain state or condition; synonyms go, get; examples: He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious. In context, 'it became possible' = it entered/assumed the state of being possible. That fits sense 1 (copular? cause to? Actually "become possible" means come to be possible).
Sense2 become%2:42:01:: undergo a change or development; synonyms turn; examples The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy. That's more transformation into a new identity.
Sense3 come into existence; examples What becomes has duration (metaphysical?). Not relevant.
Sense4 enhance appearance; suit. Not relevant.
Thus best sense 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.
Note instructions: Return only JSON. Use Birmingham.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became <t>possible</t> last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target lemma possible, target surface form possible. Need choose single best indexed sense among candidate senses. Candidates:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
We need use context. Sentence: "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced."
So here "it became possible to find out..." means it became capable of being done/existing reality; "possible" means capable of happening/existing (sense 1), not "potential" (sense 2).
Sense 1 is adjective meaning "capable of happening or existing".
Sense 2: existing in possibility; potential.
The syntactic construction "it became possible to X" where X is an action (to find out) uses "possible" = able to be done, feasible. Sense 1.
Return JSON {"sense_index": 1} because candidate index 1.
Need confirm answer only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. In system says do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So we should output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible <t>last</t> January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The target word is "last" in the phrase "last January". The context is talking about a time in the past - specifically January of the previous year/last year.

Candidate sense 1: "immediately past" with examples "last Thursday; the last chapter we read" - this matches "last January" perfectly in the temporal sense of the most recent January.

Candidate sense 2: "coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining" - examples include "the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month" - this is the common temporal/spatial "final/remaining" sense, but "last January" means the preceding January, not the final one.

The phrase "last January" clearly means the January that has just passed, which corresponds to sense 1 "immediately past". This is the standard sense for "last" referring to the most recent occurrence of a time period.

Sense index 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find_out
Target surface form: find out
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to <t>find out</t> what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find_out%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=find_out%2:31:00:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, get a line | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
3. sense_key=find_out%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
4. sense_key=find_out%2:31:01:: | definition=trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act | synonyms=catch out | examples=He was caught out; She was found out when she tried to cash the stolen checks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for "find out" in the provided context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The Quinlans knew their child had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma
 - Because of genetic testing, it became possible to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced
 - A test using genetic probes showed whether the baby had inherited the damaged gene

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find, ascertain)
 2. get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally (learn, hear, get word)
 3. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort (determine, check, see, ascertain, watch, learn)
 4. trap; especially in an error or in a reprehensible act (catch out)

 The context involves using a genetic test/experiment to determine the threat. The sentence says "Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." Then it mentions "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed..."

 This fits well with sense 1: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study." The test is an investigation/experiment.

 Sense 3 also has "determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort." The key difference is sense 1 emphasizes calculation/investigation/experiment/survey/study, while sense 3 emphasizes inquiry or other effort.

 Let me think about the distinction. In WordNet:
 - find_out%2:32:00:: (sense 1): "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - this is about establishing facts through scientific methods
 - find_out%2:32:01:: (sense 3): "find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort" - this is more general, about determining with certainty through inquiry

 Given the context explicitly mentions a genetic test using probes (an experiment/scientific investigation), sense 1 seems most appropriate. They're establishing through a scientific test what threat the baby faced.

 However, sense 3 also works because they're determining with certainty. The examples for sense 3 include "I want to see whether she speaks French" which is about checking/determining. The examples for sense 1 include scientific discovery ("The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize").

 The context is specifically about a genetic test (scientific investigation/experiment), so sense 1 is the best fit.

 Let me return JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: threat
Target surface form: threat
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what <t>threat</t> the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=threat%1:26:00:: | definition=something that is a source of danger | synonyms=menace | examples=earthquakes are a constant threat in Japan
2. sense_key=threat%1:10:00:: | definition=a warning that something unpleasant is imminent | examples=they were under threat of arrest
3. sense_key=threat%1:10:01:: | definition=declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another | examples=his threat to kill me was quite explicit
4. sense_key=threat%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, scourge | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose sense for "threat" in context: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced." This is about danger/risk from genetic condition, not warning or person. Sense 1: something that is source of danger/menace. Examples: earthquakes are constant threat. The phrase "what threat the baby faced" means what danger. So index 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no other content.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: baby
Target surface form: baby
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=baby%1:18:00:: | definition=a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk | synonyms=babe, infant | examples=the baby began to cry again; she held the baby in her arms
2. sense_key=baby%1:18:01:: | definition=the youngest member of a group (not necessarily young) | examples=the baby of the family; the baby of the Supreme Court
3. sense_key=baby%1:18:03:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=child | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=baby%1:18:04:: | definition=an unborn child; a human fetus | examples=I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside
5. sense_key=baby%1:18:02:: | definition=(slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women | synonyms=babe, sister
6. sense_key=baby%1:05:00:: | definition=a very young mammal | examples=baby rabbits
7. sense_key=baby%1:04:00:: | definition=a project of personal concern to someone | examples=this project is his baby

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target word "baby" in context. Context: Bill and Bonnie Quinlan... Mr. Quinlan... after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation ... it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan <t>baby</t> faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

The target occurrence is "the Quinlan baby". It refers to their baby, specifically fetus/infant? At time of test in January? In 1987 became pregnant, and test last January (likely after conception) before birth? Actually text: couple knew before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child had 50% chance... Mr. Quinlan... Because of isolation... it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited... So "Quinlan baby" is unborn child? Bonnie pregnant; the test was on fetus in utero using genetic probes? We need decide between sense 1 (very young child birth to 1 year) and sense 4 (unborn child; human fetus). The phrase "the Quinlan baby" at the point they test before birth likely refers to fetus. Examples for sense 4: "I felt healthy and very feminine carrying the baby; it was great to feel my baby moving about inside". Here "Quinlan baby" is the unborn child/fetus they tested while pregnant. The test likely amniocentesis. Also "little Will Quinlan" after birth is a baby/infant but the target is "Quinlan baby" not "little Will". Context mentions pregnant and threat faced by baby before birth. Thus sense 4 is best. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "face" with surface form "faced" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidates and return a JSON object with the sense_index.

Let me analyze the context carefully. The target word is "faced" in the sentence:
"Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>."

This means: what threat the Quinlan baby was confronted with / had to deal with / was exposed to.

Let me look at each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
- This is about actively dealing with something unpleasant head on. The baby isn't actively dealing with the threat; the threat is something the baby is exposed to or confronted with.

2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
- This is about opposing someone in competition. Doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
- Physical orientation. Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
- Physical being opposite. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
- Physical turning. Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
- This is "be faced with" = be presented with something, usually unpleasant. "He was faced with all the evidence." This fits very well with "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - the baby was presented with/confronted with a threat.

7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
- Doesn't fit.

8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
- Doesn't fit.

9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones
- Doesn't fit.

Now, the question is between sense 1 and sense 6.

Sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" - active dealing
Sense 6: "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize" - passive "be faced with"

The example for sense 6 is "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions." This is exactly the "be faced with" construction.

In our sentence: "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - this is also a passive-like usage. The baby is not actively dealing with the threat; rather, the threat is something the baby was confronted with/presented with.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- "what threat the Quinlan baby faced"
- This could mean "what threat the baby was up against" or "what threat confronted the baby"

The phrase "faced with" is a very common construction, and sense 6 explicitly mentions "He was faced with all the evidence."

However, sense 1 examples: "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes" - this is active. The subject actively faces/deals with something.

In our case, "the Quinlan baby faced" - the baby is the subject, but "faced" here means "was confronted with" or "had to deal with." The baby's situation is being described.

Let me think about this more carefully. "What threat the Quinlan baby faced" - this is asking what threat was present for the baby. The baby is the experiencer of the threat, not necessarily actively dealing with it.

Sense 6: "present somebody with something" - the baby is presented with a threat. This fits the passive/experiencer sense.

Sense 1: "deal with something unpleasant head on" - this would imply the baby is actively dealing with the threat.

Given that the baby is a newborn/young and the threat is a genetic risk, sense 6 seems more appropriate. The construction "what threat X faced" is similar to "what evidence he was faced with."

Actually, I want to double-check WordNet's actual grouping. The distinction between sense 1 and sense 6 is subtle. Let me reconsider.

Sense 1: face%2:32:00:: = "deal with (something unpleasant) head on"
- Examples: "You must confront your problems"; "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes"
- This seems to be the general sense of confronting/dealing with problems.

Sense 6: face%2:32:03:: = "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize"
- Examples: "We confronted him with the evidence"; "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions"
- This is specifically about presenting someone with evidence/accusations.

Hmm, but the definition says "usually to accuse or criticize." In our context, it's a threat, not an accusation or criticism.

Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" could also mean "what threat the Quinlan baby was confronting" in the sense of being up against it.

Let me think about similar sentences:
- "What challenges does the company face?" - This is sense 1 (deal with unpleasant things).
- "He was faced with a difficult decision." - This could be sense 6 (presented with something).

The grammatical construction matters:
- Active: "X faces Y" = X deals with Y (sense 1)
- Passive: "X is faced with Y" = X is presented with Y (sense 6)

In our sentence: "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - "faced" here is active form, but "what threat" is the object. So grammatically it's "the baby faced [what threat]" - active.

But semantically, the baby is not actively dealing with the threat. The threat is a risk that exists for the baby.

Let me look at the second occurrence in the passage: "therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." Here "faced" means "had/experienced" essentially. "The baby faced no more risk" = the baby had no more risk.

This second occurrence is clearly sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" or perhaps a more general sense of "be confronted with." But wait, the candidates don't include a general "be confronted with" sense. They have sense 1 (active deal with) and sense 6 (present somebody with something).

Actually, both occurrences in the passage:
1. "what threat the Quinlan baby faced"
2. "faced no more risk than other children"

These are both about risks/threats that the baby was subject to.

Hmm, but the target is specifically the first occurrence: "what threat the Quinlan baby <t>faced</t>."

Let me think about WordNet's verb senses for "face" more carefully. In WordNet 3.0/3.1:

face (v.) has these senses:
1. deal with (something unpleasant) head on ("You must confront your problems"; "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes")
2. oppose, as in hostility or a competition ("You must confront your opponent"; "Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring")
3. be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to ("The house looks north"; "My backyard look onto the pond")
4. be opposite ("the facing page"; "the two sofas face each other")
5. turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction ("Turn and face your partner now")
6. present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize ("We confronted him with the evidence"; "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions")
7. turn so as to expose the face ("face a playing card")
8. line the edge (of a garment) with a different material ("face the lapels of the jacket")
9. cover the front or surface of ("The building was faced with beautiful stones")

Sense 1 vs sense 6:
- Sense 1: This is the general sense of dealing with/confronting problems or unpleasant situations. Examples: "face the consequences," "face your problems."
- Sense 6: This is more specific to presenting evidence/accusations. Example: "faced with the evidence."

In our context, "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - this is about the threat the baby had to confront or deal with. This fits sense 1.

But the passive construction "He was faced with all the evidence" in sense 6 is similar to "what threat the baby faced."

Actually, I think the key distinction is:
- Sense 1: "face" as in confront, deal with (general unpleasant things)
- Sense 6: "face with" as in present with evidence (specifically for accusation/criticism)

The threat in our context is not evidence for accusation. It's a medical risk. So sense 1 seems more appropriate.

However, the phrase "what threat the baby faced" doesn't necessarily imply active dealing. It means "what threat was before the baby" or "what threat confronted the baby."

But in WordNet's schema, sense 1 covers this. The example "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes" shows that "face" + unpleasant thing = sense 1.

Let me reconsider sense 6. The definition says "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize." This is a causative or passive sense where someone is presented with evidence. It doesn't fit a threat/risk.

So I think sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, but let me reconsider once more. The sentence "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" - could this be interpreted as "what threat confronted the baby" (i.e., what threat was opposite to/presented to the baby)?

In that case, sense 6 "present somebody with something" could fit. The baby is presented with a threat.

But the "usually to accuse or criticize" part of the definition is restrictive. The examples are about evidence. So sense 6 is probably not right for a medical threat.

Sense 1 "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" is the broad sense for confronting unpleasant realities. This fits.

Actually, I realize I should also consider that the second occurrence "faced no more risk" is also relevant. Since the target is "faced" in the specific sentence, but the surrounding context uses "faced" with "risk." Both "threat" and "risk" are unpleasant things that one confronts or deals with.

I think sense 1 is the answer.

But wait - I want to be very careful. Let me think about whether "what threat the Quinlan baby faced" is more like "He faced the consequences" (sense 1) or "He was faced with the evidence" (sense 6).

In "He faced the consequences," the subject actively confronts/deals with the consequences.
In "He was faced with the evidence," the subject is presented with the evidence.

In "what threat the Quinlan baby faced," the baby is not actively dealing with the threat. A baby cannot actively deal with a genetic cancer risk. The phrase means "what threat was present for the baby" or "what threat confronted the baby."

This is more like the passive "be faced with" construction. But since WordNet separates sense 1 (active) from sense 6 (passive presentation with evidence), and this isn't evidence, which one applies?

Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully, sense 1 might cover both active and somewhat passive usages. The definition "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" suggests active dealing, but the examples include "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes" which can be read as "he found himself confronted with the consequences."

I think for WSD purposes, sense 1 is the best fit because:
1. The object is an unpleasant thing (threat/risk)
2. It's not evidence/accusation (sense 6)
3. It's not physical orientation (senses 3-5, 7, 9)
4. It's not garment-related (sense 8)

Let me also consider: is there any chance sense 4 "be opposite" could fit? "What threat was opposite the baby" - no, that's not idiomatic.

Sense 6's restriction to "accuse or criticize" makes it wrong.

So my final answer is sense 1.

Wait, I want to double-check by considering the gloss of sense 1: "deal with (something unpleasant) head on." The threat the baby faced is indeed unpleasant. But is the baby "dealing with it head on"? Not really. The baby is just subject to the threat.

However, in English, "face a threat" commonly means "be confronted with a threat" or "have a threat to deal with." The Collins/Cambridge definitions of "face" include "to deal with a difficult situation" and "if you face a problem or face up to it, you accept it and try to deal with it."

In WordNet, sense 1 captures this broad meaning. The "head on" part suggests active confrontation, but the examples show it can be used for simply being confronted with consequences.

I think I'm overthinking this. The answer is sense 1.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The target word is "faced" not "face." In the context, "what threat the Quinlan baby faced." The subject is the baby, the object is "what threat."

If I replace with synonyms:
- "what threat the baby confronted" - this could be sense 1 or sense 6
- "what threat the baby dealt with" - sense 1
- "what threat the baby was presented with" - sense 6, but only if accusation/criticism context

Since it's a threat/risk, not an accusation, sense 1.

OK, final answer: sense_index: 1.

Hmm, but wait. Let me reconsider sense 6 one more time. The definition says "present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize." The word "usually" is important - it means typically but not always. So sense 6 could apply to presenting someone with any difficult thing, not just evidence for accusation.

But the examples are: "We confronted him with the evidence"; "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions." Both are about evidence.

In our context, it's a threat. This is different from evidence.

Also, the grammatical construction: "what threat the baby faced" is active, while sense 6 examples use passive "was faced with" or causative "confronted him with."

I think sense 1 is still better.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test <t>using</t> new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "using" in the sentence "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene..."

The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "use" (inflected form "using"). We need choose among 6 candidate senses. Return JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need reason internally and decide best index.

Let's analyze context. The phrase: "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed..." This is likely a non-finite clause modifying "test". It means the test employed/utilized new genetic probes. The test itself put genetic probes into service for purpose (detection). The candidate senses:
1. put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; syn utili[z]e, apply, employ. ex "use your head!; we only use Spanish at home". This matches general use: The test uses (is using) new genetic probes as tools. Could sense 1.
2. take or consume regularly/habitually; habituate. drugs. Not here.
3. use up, consume fully; expend. The legislature expended its time. Here probes are not consumed fully (unless consumed in process, but primary meaning not consume fully). Could reagent consumed in test? But gloss "use up, consume fully" is specifically "use up," not appropriate.
4. seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage. "The president's wife used her good connections". This has a connotation exploit/advantage; not neutral tool usage. Not best.
5. avail oneself to; practice, apply. examples apply a principle; practice a religion. That is reflexive-like "apply"? Maybe "use resources available to" but no. Not best.
6. habitually do something (past tense only). Not progressive.

Thus sense 1 is best: a test utilized/employed/applied new genetic probes. There could be subtle sense 1 vs 3? "using" = putting tools into service. It's sense 1. Answer index 1.

Need output only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. That's fine.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using <t>new</t> "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Let's determine best sense.
Context: "A test using new "genetic probes" showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited..." new modifies genetic probes. It means recently made/available/discovered probes, not of long duration. Candidate 1: not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. Examples a new law; new cars. That fits. Candidate 2 original/novel? unlikely. 5 other than former? no. 11 unfamiliar? maybe new experiences but not probes. So sense 1. Return {"sense_index":1}. Ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "<t>genetic</t> probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Need determine best indexed sense for "genetic" in phrase "genetic probes" in context. Let's analyze.

Target surface form "genetic" appears in "A test using new 'genetic probes' showed...". It modifies probes used to detect genes/damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene. "Genetic probes" likely means probes in molecular biology that are nucleic acid molecules used to detect specific gene sequences. This relates to gene/genes. Candidate senses:

1. sense genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 = occurring among members of a family usually by heredity. Not fit; probes aren't inheritable.

2. sense genetic%3:01:02:: = of or relating to or produced by or being a gene; synonyms genic, genetical; examples genic combinations; genetic code. This fits 'genetic probes' = probes relating to genes.

3. genetic%3:01:01:: = pertaining to origin; example genetic history reconstructs origins. Not relevant.

4. genetic%3:01:00:: = of or relating to science of genetics; synonyms genetical; examples genetic research. Could be plausible because probes are tools of genetics. But 'genetic probes' specifically are produced by / related to genes. WordNet has two adjective senses for genetic: relating to genetics (science), and relating to genes. The phrase probes is a technical term in genetics; probes are often DNA/RNA sequences. In WordNet, "genetic code" maps to sense 2? Actually example genetic code under sense 2 (produced by or being a gene). "Genetic research" under sense 4 (science of genetics). If asked to disambiguate "genetic probes" given examples, it seems best sense 2 (of or relating to or being a gene), because the probes are gene-based molecules used to detect a gene.

Context: "isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene" "damaged gene" "suppressor gene". The probe is used to detect the gene. Therefore genetic in genetic probes = relating to gene(s). It could also be "of or relating to the science of genetics" but the phrase is about gene detection. The hypernym? Let's check WordNet senses ordering. sense 4 (3:01:00) is often the first adjective sense 'of or relating to genetics'. sense 2 (3:01:02) is second 'of or relating to or produced by or being a gene'.

Need return {"sense_index": 2}. Must ensure JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: showed
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "<t>showed</t> that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose sense. Context: A test using new genetic probes showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited damaged gene... This is evidence/proof from test. Candidate senses:
1 exhibition demo
2 establish validity by example/experiment (prove, demonstrate)
3 provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence); examples blood test showed he was father.
4 make visible/noticeable
5 picture
6 give expression
7 indicate place/direction
8 become visible
9 gauge reading
10 give evidence of, as of records
11 usher
12 race finish.
Best is 3: provide evidence for. Show result of test as evidence. Sense 2 is demonstrate/prove establish validity, more active demonstration. But test showed = provided evidence. WSD in WordNet: blood test showed = sense 2:32:00? Wait examples: sense 3 examples "The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence". Sense 2 examples "The experiment demonstrated the instability... mathematician showed validity". Our context "A test ... showed that ..." matches sense 3. Also synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. The test provided evidence. So answer 3. Need output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that <t>little</t> Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target "little" as adjective modifying Will Quinlan, a baby. "little Will Quinlan" means young child. Sense 3: (of children and animals) young, immature, synonyms small, examples “what a big little boy you are; small children”. That fits. Other senses: size/quantity/unimportant/lowercase/emotional not. So index 3. Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not <t>inherited</t> a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma "inherit", surface form "inherited", with context about genetic tests, cancer-susceptibility, damaged gene, parents to child. Candidate senses: 2:40:00 obtain from someone after death; 2:40:02 receive from predecessor; 2:40:01 receive by genetic transmission. The context explicitly says "had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene" in genetics. So sense index 3 (inherit%2:40:01). Need return JSON {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a <t>damaged</t> retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer single best indexed sense. Need think. Target lemma damaged, context: "carried a damaged gene", "had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene". A gene that is harmed/injured/spoiled (mutated). Sense 1: harmed or injured or spoiled. Sense 2: disreputable/discredited (reputation). Clearly sense 1. So {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: faced
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, <t>faced</t> no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%2:32:00:: | definition=deal with (something unpleasant) head on | synonyms=confront, face up | examples=You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes
2. sense_key=face%2:33:00:: | definition=oppose, as in hostility or a competition | synonyms=confront | examples=You must confront your opponent; Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring
3. sense_key=face%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, look | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
4. sense_key=face%2:42:02:: | definition=be opposite | examples=the facing page; the two sofas face each other
5. sense_key=face%2:38:00:: | definition=turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction | examples=Turn and face your partner now
6. sense_key=face%2:32:03:: | definition=present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize | synonyms=confront, present | examples=We confronted him with the evidence; He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions
7. sense_key=face%2:39:04:: | definition=turn so as to expose the face | examples=face a playing card
8. sense_key=face%2:35:00:: | definition=line the edge (of a garment) with a different material | examples=face the lapels of the jacket
9. sense_key=face%2:35:01:: | definition=cover the front or surface of | examples=The building was faced with beautiful stones

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user asks: do WSD for "faced" target lemma face, in context. Candidate senses listed 1-9 with WordNet sense keys. Need choose single best index. Respond only JSON {"sense_index": 3} (or appropriate). Need analyze.

Context: "little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma suppressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

Target surface "faced" with object "no more risk". Synonyms: "confront, face up" in sense 1: deal with (something unpleasant) head on. Sense 6: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize. In passive usage "be faced with all the evidence". But here "faced no more risk" means encountered/met (risk)? Need inspect WordNet senses for verb "face".

WordNet face%2:32:00:: Definition: deal with (something unpleasant) head on. Example "You must confront your problems; He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes". Sense 2:33:00: oppose in hostility/competition. Sense 2:42:00 be oriented in a direction. Sense 2:42:02 be opposite. Sense 2:38:00 turn so as to face. Sense 2:32:03 present someone with something, usually to accuse or criticize. Sense 2:39:04 turn so as to expose the face. Sense 2:35:00 line. Sense 2:35:01 cover.

"face risk" common idiom: be confronted with danger/risk; "the threat the baby faced" earlier: "find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced". That earlier "faced" is also likely sense 1 (deal with/encounter threat). In the quoted sentence: "faced no more risk than other children". This is analogous to "he faced no risk". It is not dealing actively, but not "present somebody with something". The sense 1 is broad enough. In WN gloss "deal with (something unpleasant) head on" maybe not exactly "be in a situation of risk". However WordNet also has face%2:32:01? Need maybe this exact sense? Let's recall WordNet verb "face". Let's enumerate from memory:
face v.1: (face%2:32:00) deal with (something unpleasant) head on / "He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes"
v.2: oppose, as in hostility or a competition / "Jackson faced Smith in the boxing ring"
v.3: be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point / "The house looks north"
v.4: be opposite / "the two sofas face each other"
v.5: turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction / "Turn and face your partner now"
v.6: present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize / "He was faced with all the evidence"
v.7: turn so as to expose the face / "face a playing card"
v.8: line near edge / "face the lapels"
v.9: cover front / "building was faced with stones"
Maybe there are only 9 senses.
Sense 6 is "present somebody with something" only transitive with person? "He was faced with all the evidence". It can be used for situations but requires person. "faced no more risk" perhaps sense 1.

Look at previous clause: "what threat the Quinlan baby faced." threat is unpleasant. "faced no more risk" risk is unpleasant. So choose index 1.

Need exact output JSON only. Ensure number corresponds 1. "face%2:32:00::" is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no <t>more</t> risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%3:00:01:: | definition=(comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree | synonyms=more than | examples=more land; more support
2. sense_key=more%3:00:02:: | definition=(comparative of `many' used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number | examples=a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need determine best sense for word "more" in sentence: "faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." Target lemma more, surface form more.

Candidate senses:
1 more%3:00:01:: (comparative of much used with mass nouns) quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree; synonyms more than; examples more land; more support.
2 more%3:00:02:: (comparative of many used with count nouns) quantifier meaning greater in number; examples a hall with more seats; we have no more bananas.

"risk" is a mass noun (uncountable). "no more risk than other children" means not greater in amount/extent/degree of risk. Sense 1. Need choose sense_index 1. Ensure output JSON only. Do not use sense key. Return {"sense_index":1}.