[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose WordNet sense index for occurrences of "made" in context. There are multiple occurrences? Target surface form made. Context has several instances: "made the discovery" etc. Let's read carefully.

Context: ... initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor... In this token, "made" is a past participle in passive construction: discovery was made by doctor. Means create or establish by someone? This is passive of make == create or perform. Need choose index among candidates. Candidate list includes many senses keyed make%. The index numbers correspond not WordNet offset but list order from 1 to 49. We need select best.

The phrase "the initial discovery ... made by a Boston doctor" uses made = carried out or done by. This is likely WordNet sense make%2:36:12:: perform or carry out; examples make a decision; make a move. Or make%2:31:00:: make formulate derive? No, discovery made by someone likely as "make a discovery" means perform/carry out? Wait "make a discovery" idiom: make%2:31:13? No that's laws. Let's analyze each candidate.

The verb "made" here is passive of transitive "make" with "discovery" as object? Actually "the initial discovery of the gene ..., made by a Boston doctor" means the doctor made (created/produced/performed) the discovery. Which sense of make collocates with discovery: "make a discovery" means to discover. WordNet may have sense make%2:36:12 perform or carry out "make a decision; make a move"? Does it include "make a discovery"? No examples. make%2:31:00 make formulate derive in the mind examples draw a conclusion? "made by a Boston doctor" = doctor made the discovery, not derived in mind? Hmm.

Could be make%2:36:08 give rise to? No, discovery gave rise? No.

make%2:36:00 make or cause to be or to become? No.

Maybe make%2:42:15 constitute the essence; no.

Need decide best among listed. Let's parse all occurrences? Only one target surface form <t>made</t> in context: It is marked around second occurrence: "initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor". First occurrence "It made our New Year" is not tagged. The target token is the past participle of make in passive modifier of "discovery" by agent doctor.

In WordNet, sense for "make" with noun discovery as object? Let's introspect WordNet. The lemma make (verb) has many senses. WordNet includes groupings. There is sense "make%2:31:13:: institute, enact, or establish" synonyms lay down, establish; examples make laws. Not.

There is sense "make%2:31:09? Wait in list 7 make%2:31:00 make, formulate, or derive in the mind. But definition "draw a line; draw a conclusion". This is "make" = to formulate/derive mentally. The phrase "make a discovery" could fall under this mental formulation sense: create/formulate? Actually to make a discovery is to find/discover, but WordNet may treat as synonymous with "create"? Hmm.

Let's examine candidate examples. Sense 16 make%2:36:12 perform or carry out: "make a decision; make a move". This covers many verb-noun collocations where action noun object: make a decision (reach), make a move. "Make a discovery" is a deverbal noun: discovery = the act of discovering. So perform/carry out sense fits. Doctor performed/carried out the discovery? He didn't perform the act; he discovered it. In light verb construction, make a discovery means to discover. The WordNet sense is about "light verb" use.

Sense 7 make%2:31:00: make, formulate, or derive in the mind; examples: draw a conclusion. This could include make a discovery? You derive/formulate in mind? A discovery is not formulated; it's finding something. But in list no "make a discovery" example.

Sense 6 make%2:36:01 create or manufacture a man-made product. Could the discovery be created/manufactured? No, discovery is intellectual achievement, not product.

Sense 9 create by artistic means: no.

Sense 11 create or design often in a certain way: no.

Sense 3 make or cause to be or to become: no, no noun object semantics? Actually make a mess fits sense 3? Examples "make a mess in one's office; create a furor" are for sense 3 make%2:36:00:: "make or cause to be or to become" synonyms create. Discovery: he made an important discovery? Could fall under sense 3 as create. But list 3 examples include make a mess/create a furor. Not discovery.

Sense 16 (perform/carry out) examples include make a decision, make a move. I think discovery fits better with carry out/perform than create. However WordNet may classify "make a discovery" under "make%2:31:00:: make formulate or derive mentally" because draw a conclusion/discovery. Let's check WordNet clusters. I recall make%2:31:00 means "make, formulate, or derive in the mind; 'draw a conclusion'". Examples in WordNet: "make a decision; make a discovery; make a will". Actually for "make a decision" maybe sense 16. Let me try recall WordNet definitions precisely from API.

From WordNet 3.0, verb make senses grouped. There's a sense often offset 02584807? Need not. Synset for make%2:31:00: (verb) make, formulate, or derive in the mind; "draw a motion? no draw a conclusion". Examples: "draw an inference"; also "make a decision"? Actually make a decision could be in sense 02530757 "make, formulate, or derive in the mind: draw a conclusion; 'I draw the conclusion that...'". Hmm.

In WN, "make up" as neaten etc. The senses with examples:
- make%2:36:12:: — perform or carry out; "make a decision"; "make a move"; "make a phone call"; "make a discovery"; "make a contribution"? Possibly this sense specifically is "past participle made" when collocated. In WordNet, sense key 02547818? Definition "perform or carry out; 'make a decision', 'make a move'". Examples likely include "make/draw up a will" maybe.

Let's search from memory of WordNet dictionary:
Verb "make" group creation has sense 6 create or manufacture man-made product, sense 11 create/design in certain way, sense 9 create by artistic means, sense 17 build/construct, sense 15 sewing/culinary, etc. Light verb sense 16 "perform or carry out" includes "make a decision, make a move, make a phone call, make a contribution, make an incision". Does it include discovery? Let's inspect examples in prompt: only "make a decision; make a move". The target made a discovery is exactly like decision. So index 16 likely.

But need ensure passive voice "made by a doctor" meaning the discovery was made by the doctor fits sense 16. Yes.

Let's also consider make%2:42:12 add up to examples "four and four make eight". No.

What about the earlier occurrence "It made our New Year"? That is sense 2:30:00? But target is the marked one only, as instructions say target surface form made and context includes <t>made</t>. Only token inside tags is target. So we choose for that usage.

Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 16}. Ensure no extra text.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: doctor
Target surface form: doctor
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=doctor%1:18:00:: | definition=a licensed medical practitioner | synonyms=doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico | examples=I felt so bad I went to see my doctor
2. sense_key=doctor%1:18:02:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching | synonyms=Doctor of the Church | examples=the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages
3. sense_key=doctor%1:04:00:: | definition=children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office | examples=the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor
4. sense_key=doctor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution | synonyms=Dr. | examples=she is a doctor of philosophy in physics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "doctor" in the given context. I need to analyze which sense best fits.

Context analysis:
- The passage discusses a medical/genetic discovery about retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene.
- "made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja"
- This is someone who made a medical/scientific discovery about a gene controlling retinal cell growth.
- Thaddeus Dryja is described as a Boston doctor who discovered a gene related to cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. doctor%1:18:00:: - a licensed medical practitioner (synonyms: doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico) - example: "I felt so bad I went to see my doctor"
2. doctor%1:18:02:: - Roman Catholic Church title for saints
3. doctor%1:04:00:: - children playing game of doctor
4. doctor%1:18:01:: - a person who holds Ph.D. degree

The context is about a medical researcher/doctor in Boston who discovered a gene. In medical research contexts, "doctor" can refer to a physician/medical researcher. The first sense (licensed medical practitioner) is the best fit here. Thaddeus Dryja was an MD researcher (opthalmologist) at Harvard Medical School/Boston, so this fits the licensed medical practitioner sense.

The fourth sense (PhD holder) could potentially apply since Dryja was a researcher, but the discovery is in a medical/clinical context about a tumor, and the common usage here is the medical doctor sense. The phrase "Boston doctor" strongly suggests a medical practitioner.

So the best answer is sense_index: 1.

I need to return only the JSON object.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
4. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
5. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
6. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
7. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
8. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
9. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma "name" surface form "named" in context. Need choose among candidate senses. Let's analyze. Sentence: "made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja". This is a reduced passive relative clause: a Boston doctor (who was) named Thaddeus Dryja. The meaning is that the doctor has the proper name Thaddeus Dryja, or assign a specified (usually proper) name to? In a passive construction, "named Thaddeus Dryja" means "called Thaddeus Dryja". Candidate senses:

1. assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; synonyms=call; examples They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader.
This seems best: "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" = "a Boston doctor called Thaddeus Dryja". The semantics is that the proper name assigned to the doctor is Thaddeus Dryja. WordNet sense 2:32:03 corresponds to verb "name" sense "assign a name to". "named" as past participle. Yes.

2. give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property. Examples "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal" implies identify/reveal name. Not correct here.

3. charge with a function. No.
4. appoint. No.
5. mention and identify by name. Could be command "name your accomplices". No.
6. make reference to. No.
7. identify in botany/biology. No.
8. list names. No.
9. diagnose. No.

Thus answer sense_index 1. Need return only JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure proper JSON.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: open
Target surface form: opened
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has <t>opened</t> a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=open%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to open or to become open | synonyms=open up | examples=Mary opened the car door
2. sense_key=open%2:41:00:: | definition=start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning | synonyms=open up | examples=open a business
3. sense_key=open%2:35:06:: | definition=become open | synonyms=open up | examples=The door opened
4. sense_key=open%2:41:01:: | definition=begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc. | examples=He opened the meeting with a long speech
5. sense_key=open%2:35:08:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread, spread out | examples=open the map; spread your arms
6. sense_key=open%2:30:00:: | definition=make available | synonyms=open up | examples=This opens up new possibilities
7. sense_key=open%2:30:01:: | definition=become available | synonyms=open up | examples=an opportunity opened up
8. sense_key=open%2:42:00:: | definition=have an opening or passage or outlet | examples=The bedrooms open into the hall
9. sense_key=open%2:33:00:: | definition=make the opening move | examples=Kasparov opened with a standard opening
10. sense_key=open%2:40:04:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, give | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
11. sense_key=open%2:39:10:: | definition=display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Need choose best sense for "opened" in "has opened a field of cancer study". This is idiomatic "open a field of study" = make available, create new possibilities. Candidate sense 6 open%2:30:00:: make available; synonyms open up; example "This opens up new possibilities". That fits. Sense 2 start to operate business maybe not. Sense 7 become available intransitive. Here transitive: has opened a field. So sense 6. Return JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of <t>cancer</t> study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose best sense for target surface form 'cancer' in context. The context is about retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, rare cancer, National Cancer Institute, field of cancer study, workings of cancer. So medical disease sense = sense 1 (cancer%1:26:00::). The other senses astrological/constellation/zoology. So output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in <t>recent</t> months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON object {"sense_index": index}. Need choose sense for recent. The target word in sentence: "in recent months has exploded". Focus: recent means of the immediate past or just previous to present time. Synonyms late, examples a late development, their late quarrel. The other definition new doesn't fit: recent months new months? No. So choose 2. Ensure only JSON, no explanation.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent <t>months</t> has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma month, surface months, context: "in recent months has exploded". Candidate senses: 1 calendar month, 2 ~30 days time unit. Need choose best. The phrase "in recent months" refers to divisions of calendar year (e.g., last few months). Since months are countable as calendar months. Sense 1 synonyms calendar month. Example "last month". Sense 2 emphasizes duration of ~30 days. Both could apply but context "in recent months" about time divisions, recent calendar months. So sense 1 likely. Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure no extra explanation, only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explode
Target surface form: exploded
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has <t>exploded</t>. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explode%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to burst with a violent release of energy | synonyms=detonate, blow up, set off | examples=We exploded the nuclear bomb
2. sense_key=explode%2:30:00:: | definition=burst outward, usually with noise | synonyms=burst | examples=The champagne bottle exploded
3. sense_key=explode%2:31:00:: | definition=show a violent emotional reaction | examples=The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary
4. sense_key=explode%2:30:03:: | definition=be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise | synonyms=burst forth, break loose | examples=His anger exploded
5. sense_key=explode%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy by exploding | examples=The enemy exploded the bridge
6. sense_key=explode%2:32:02:: | definition=cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants like /p/, /t/, and /k/
7. sense_key=explode%2:32:00:: | definition=drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
8. sense_key=explode%2:31:01:: | definition=show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
9. sense_key=explode%2:30:04:: | definition=burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction | synonyms=detonate, blow up | examples=the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded
10. sense_key=explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense index for "exploded" in context: "a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded." It means increased rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner. Candidate sense 10: increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner, synonyms irrupt, examples population exploding. So index 10. Need output exactly {"sense_index": 10}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_out
Target surface form: turns out
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It <t>turns out</t> that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
2. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:01:: | definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
3. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:01:: | definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
4. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:02:: | definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
5. sense_key=turn_out%2:30:00:: | definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
6. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:00:: | definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
7. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:00:: | definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
8. sense_key=turn_out%2:41:03:: | definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
9. sense_key=turn_out%2:40:03:: | definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
10. sense_key=turn_out%2:38:00:: | definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
11. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
12. sense_key=turn_out%2:29:00:: | definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD for target "turns out" in context. Need choose single best indexed sense from candidate senses 1-12. We must output JSON {"sense_index": integer}. No sense key. Let's analyze.

Sentence: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer". This is impersonal "it turns out that..." meaning "as it happens / prove to be the case". Candidate sense 2: turn_out%2:42:01 definition=prove to be in the result or end; examples=It turns out that he was right. Candidate sense 1: be shown or be found to be; synonyms prove, turn up; examples She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life. Sense 1 can be transitive? Actually turn_out%2:42:00 maybe "She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life". It includes usage with complement (to be/to save). Sense 2 specifically "It turns out that..." Example exactly matches. Need choose between 1 and 2.

WordNet has "turn out" senses:
- 1: prove to be; "She proved to be right"; "The medicine turned out to save her life".
- 2: prove to be in the result or end; "How will the game turn out?"; "It turns out that he was right".
- 3: produce quickly etc.
- 4: result or end; "How will the game turn out?".
But here candidate list different numbering: sense_key turn_out%2:42:00:: definition=be shown...; turn_out%2:42:01:: = prove to be in the result or end. In context "It turns out that..." most like sense 2. Examples include exact pattern. Though sense 1 could maybe also cover "be shown or be found to be". But the "It turns out that" construction is glossed under sense 2. So best sense: 2. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studying
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that <t>studying</t> a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "studying" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" - says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Here, "studying" refers to scientific research/investigation of a tumor. The context is about cancer research, genetic testing, and making fundamental discoveries about how cancer works.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. study%2:31:02:: - consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; synonyms: analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas
2. study%2:31:03:: - be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. study%2:39:00:: - give careful consideration to; synonyms: consider
4. study%2:31:00:: - be a student of a certain subject; synonyms: learn, read, take
5. study%2:31:01:: - learn by reading books; synonyms: hit the books
6. study%2:31:04:: - think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; synonyms: meditate, contemplate

In this context, "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor" means analyzing/examining the tumor scientifically to understand it. This matches sense 1: "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning."

This is not about being a student (senses 2, 4, 5), not just about careful consideration (sense 3), and not spiritual meditation (sense 6).

The examples for sense 1 include "analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial" - these involve detailed analysis to discover meaning/features, which is analogous to analyzing a tumor to discover insights about cancer.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best answer.

The user wants the answer as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tragic
Target surface form: tragic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a <t>tragic</t> but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tragic%5:00:00:sad:00 | definition=very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction | synonyms=tragical | examples=a tragic face; a tragic plight
2. sense_key=tragic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy | examples=tragic hero

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense. The target word tragic describes tumor (retinoblastoma) causing grief/death/uncommon sad. Sense1 sad involving grief/death. Sense2 characteristic of tragedy (literary). Here "tragic but uncommon tumor" means sad/unfortunate tumor, not literary tragedy. So sense 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uncommon
Target surface form: uncommon
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uncommon%3:00:00:: | definition=not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind | examples=uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months
2. sense_key=uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; -J.R.Lowell | synonyms=rare | examples=what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for target 'uncommon' in sentence: "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor ... Candidate senses two. We need choose single best index.
Sense 1: not common or ordinarily encountered. Sense 2: marked by uncommon quality; superlative/extreme; rare. Examples: 'what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill'. Synonyms rare. In context tumor uncommon means not common/ordinarily encountered (low incidence). Not superlative rare as in rare skill. The second sense has synset extraordinary: marked by uncommon quality, rare. In WordNet, uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 is an adjective satellite? Actually sense key 5 means adjective satellite, rare maybe. The first sense 3:00:00 is the core adjective 'not common'. Context: "uncommon tumor" = tumor that is not common, rare disease. Best sense index 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Only that.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me carefully analyze this target word "made" in its context.

The sentence in question:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer"

This is the construction "make possible" + object (some fundamental insights) - meaning that studying the tumor caused/resulted in fundamental insights being possible.

Let me parse the syntax:
- Subject: "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor"
- Verb: "made"
- Object: "some fundamental insights"
- Object complement/adjunct: "possible"

So: "made possible some fundamental insights" = "caused it to be possible to have some fundamental insights"

The structure is "make + ADJ + NOUN" where "make" here means "cause to be" or "render."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do - No
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly - Closer, but this is about giving properties to something, and "make us look silly" involves a complement
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create - No, not create physical things
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner - This involves causing an action, not causing a state
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur - "give rise to" is close but here "make" takes "possible" as complement
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture - No
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind - No
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=Heat makes you sweat - This is close! "make somebody/something act in a certain way"
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means - No
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn - No
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design - No
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent - No
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal - No
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into - "He makes a great host" - No
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping - No
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out - No
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials - No
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another - No
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire - No
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function - No
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal - No
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination - No
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish - No
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit - No
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling - No
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for - No
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten - No
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction - No
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement - No
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication - No
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for - No
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to - No
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to - No
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of - No
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity - No
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path - No
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time - No
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light materials for - No
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating - No
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex - No
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of - No
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously - No
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being - No
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being - No
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable - No
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of - No
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into - No
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way - No
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine - No

Looking carefully, this is the "make + adjective + noun" construction where "make" means to cause to become or cause to be. The sense "make or cause to be or to become" (sense 3) seems most appropriate.

Wait, let me reconsider the "made our New Year" earlier in the text. The instructions point to the specific target in the XML tag: `<t>made</t>`. So I need to focus on "made" inside the XML tags which is in "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights..."

This is causative make. The construction "made possible" + direct object means "caused [X] to be possible." So the sense should be about causing a state.

Sense 2: "give certain properties to something" - examples: "She made us look silly"
Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become"
Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
Sense 8: "compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way" - "Heat makes you sweat"

Hmm. WordNet has make%2:30:00:: for "She made us look silly" - give certain properties to something. This is the causative state sense. The structure "made us look silly" = "made [us to be] silly" (raising + small clause).

But "made possible some fundamental insights" is "cause [some fundamental insights] to be possible" - where "possible" is the resultant state. This seems to align with sense 3 "cause to be or to become" or sense 2 "give certain properties to something."

In WordNet, make%2:30:00:: definition: "give certain properties to something"
Examples: "get someone mad"; "She made us look silly"; "He made her cry"
Synonyms: get

make%2:36:00:: definition: "make or cause to be or to become"
Examples: "make a mess in one's office"; "create a furor"
Synonyms: create

make%2:36:08:: definition: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally"
Examples: "cause a commotion"; "make a stir"
Synonyms: cause, do

The construction "make possible" with an object doesn't fit "cause a commotion" type. It's more like "cause X to be [ADJ]."

Actually in WordNet, "She made us look silly" is make%2:30:00:: (give certain properties to something). But "make possible" is a different causative construction.

The most straightforward reading: "made possible some fundamental insights" = "rendered/cause [some fundamental insights] to be possible". This is causative, where the direct object takes on a property.

I think the best match is sense 3 make%2:36:00:: "make or cause to be or to become" because the structure literally is "cause [insights] to be [possible]."

But wait, sense 2 also says "give certain properties to something" with example "She made us look silly" where "silly" is the property given. So "made possible some fundamental insights" = "gave the property of possibility to some fundamental insights" could be sense 2.

However, in the example "She made us look silly," the "look silly" is an infinitival small clause, whereas here "possible" is an adjective complement. The syntax is different.

Actually "make possible X" is sometimes analyzed as causative "cause X to become possible." The sense would be make%2:30:00:: probably.

Let me reconsider what the target forms in this dataset typically choose. The construction "made possible" = "cause to be possible" - the verb here is a causative linking/copular meaning "cause to become / cause to be."

In WordNet, make%2:30:00:: "give certain properties to something" has examples like "She made us look silly" and "He made her cry". This is about causing a resultant state/property.

make%2:36:00:: "make or cause to be or to become" is broader causative creation/synthesis: "make a mess", "create a furor" - more about creating/bringing about something.

"Fundamental insights" are not created by the tumor study; they are caused/existed because the study made them possible. The study enabled them. So it's more about giving a property (of possibility/realizability) to the insights.

Hmm, but actually "make possible some fundamental insights" = "render these insights possible" = "make these insights possible" - standard "make + OBJ + ADJ" construction.

Since this is directly analogous to "made us [look] silly," sense 2 seems appropriate.

Let me verify by comparing with canonical WordNet examples.
make%2:30:00:: examples given:
- "get someone mad"
- "She made us look silly"

This is the sense where make is causative of a state. The DO has a property.

"made possible some fundamental insights" — the DO "some fundamental insights" has the property "possible." So sense 2.

But also consider the alternative word order interpretation: "made possible [some fundamental insights]" = "made [it possible to gain] some fundamental insights" or = "made [some fundamental insights] possible". The standard modern English would be "made some fundamental insights possible" with "possible" as object complement. The given word order is inverted/poetic: "made possible some fundamental insights," which is still OBJ-COMP switched.

I think the causative/state sense is the best. Which numbered index is that?

Sense 2 is make%2:30:00:: definition "give certain properties to something" index 2.

Actually wait - I should re-examine whether sense 3 "make or cause to be or to become" (index 3) might be better. The phrase "cause to be or to become" covers "made possible" exactly. And examples "make a mess in one's office" - "make a mess" is "cause a mess to be/exist" - similar causative creation. "Create a furor" = "cause a furor to be/happen."

Hmm. "Make a mess" is a bit like creation/bringing about. "Make possible insights" is also bringing about/leading to them.

Actually in the Princeton WordNet, there is a distinction:
- make%2:30:00 = "change, alter, or modify (someone or something)" in a particular way; examples: "get someone mad"; "She made us look silly"; "He made her cry"
- make%2:36:00 = "create" (cause to exist). examples: "make a mess in one's office"; "create a furor"

"Made possible some fundamental insights" — are we causing insights to exist, or are we giving the property of possibility to insights?

I think the most natural semantic reading is "rendered/cause [insights] to be possible" = a causative state verb, which maps to make%2:30:00 (give certain properties). The insights already exist conceptually; the study made them accessible/able to be found.

WordNet also has "make%2:30:10:: cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" - example "make my day" - too specific.

I think the winner is index 3. Wait, let me check indexes again.

Candidate list index in JSON must be 1-49. The mapping from displayed index to key:
1 = make%2:41:00
2 = make%2:30:00
3 = make%2:36:00
4 = make%2:32:00
...

If I choose sense 2 (make%2:30:00), I return {"sense_index": 2}.
If I choose sense 3 (make%2:36:00), I return {"sense_index": 3}.

Which is more accurate? "made possible X" means literally "cause X to be possible." This aligns with make%2:30:00 - giving certain properties (possible) to something.

However, "make a mess" is also in make%2:36:00 with "make or cause to be or to become" - it could map there because "some fundamental insights" are brought into existence / caused to exist.

I'll go with index 2, as this is a causative + predicate adjective construction where the object acquires a property/state.

Actually, one more data point: In the sentence "She made us look silly" - WordNet places this in make%2:30:00 (give certain properties). This is the same causative state pattern as "made possible something." So index 2.

Hmm, but "She made us look silly" has us as object and "look silly" is not just an adjective but a reduced clause. The syntax of "make + DO + ADJ" ("make it possible") is definitely causative state.

Yes, index 2.

Wait, let me re-read the definition of sense 2: "give certain properties to something" - examples: "get someone mad; She made us look silly; He made her cry". Yes, causative state. Perfect match.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

Actually, hold on. I want to make sure about one point. "make%2:30:00" and "make%2:36:00" might be queried as separate verb groups in WordNet. I need to be sure which one the example takes.

The phrase "She made us look silly" is exactly the causative make of state. The dictionary form is make%2:30:00 (synonyms: get).

"made possible some insights" is the same construction with inverted object and complement: "made [some insights] [possible]".

Yes, index 2.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need choose between senses 1 and 2 for possible in context "made possible some fundamental insights". Determine meaning: "made possible" = enabled/capable of happening. The phrase "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights" means allowed them to happen/exist. Sense 1 definition capable of happening or existing, examples include "a breakthrough may be possible". "Made possible some fundamental insights" means caused insights to be possible -> capable of happening. Sense 2 existing in possibility/potential: "a potential problem; possible uses". Here the object is insights that become actual, not potential uses. So sense 1. Index? Candidates listed as 1 and 2. They ask return sense_index. So 1. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: insight
Target surface form: insights
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=insight%1:09:02:: | definition=clear or deep perception of a situation | synonyms=penetration
2. sense_key=insight%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of understanding | synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity
3. sense_key=insight%1:09:01:: | definition=the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation | synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave
4. sense_key=insight%1:09:00:: | definition=grasping the inner nature of things intuitively | synonyms=sixth sense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for "insights" in context. Need choose among four senses. Let's analyze.

Target sentence: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer," says Samuel Broder.

We need choose sense index (1-4). Glosses:
1. insight%1:09:02:: = clear or deep perception of a situation; synonyms=penetration.
2. insight%1:12:00:: = a feeling of understanding; synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity.
3. insight%1:09:01:: = the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation; synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave.
4. insight%1:09:00:: = grasping the inner nature of things intuitively; synonyms=sixth sense.

Plural "insights about the most basic workings of cancer" are fundamental understandings/perceptions, derived from studying rare tumor. Not brainstorm/sudden (maybe discovery sudden? word "exploded" suggests quickly). But "insights" about basic workings of cancer = deep perception/penetration.

Sense 1: clear or deep perception of a situation. That fits "fundamental insights about workings of cancer". Also penetration. Sense 1 often "penetrating understanding of situation". Sense 4 intuitive inner nature; not emphasized. Sense 2 feeling of understanding; no. Sense 3 sudden brainstorm; plural insights not often brainstorms; context deep/basic workings not sudden.

Let's verify WordNet sense distinctions. WordNet 3.1 insight senses:
- 1: clear or deep perception of a situation. syn penetration.
- 2: a feeling of understanding. syn perceptiveness, perceptivity.
- 3: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation. syn brainstorm, brainwave.
- 4: grasping the inner nature of things intuitively. syn sixth sense.

Potential ambiguity between sense 1 and 3. The phrase "some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" are 'clear/deep perception of a situation' (cancer). Not marked as sudden. Therefore sense 1.

But instructions: Do not answer with a sense key; return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So answer with sense_index appropriate. Need final only JSON.

We should ensure not to include any additional text. Final: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. We are ChatGPT. Need choose best sense. Context: "most basic workings of cancer" and later "this basic research". "Basic workings" means fundamental mechanisms, underlying basis. "Basic research" means fundamental research. Among candidates: 1 basic%3:00:00:: pertaining to or constituting a base or basis; examples a basic fact; the basic ingredients. 2 reduced to simplest...canonical. 3 serving as base or starting point; introductory. 4 alkaline. So sense 1 fits "fundamental workings". The phrase "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" and "this basic research" aligns with adjective pertaining to basis/foundation. In WordNet, "basic" as adj in 3:00:00 maybe means fundamental. Example "a basic fact; the basic ingredients". Could also be 2? But 2 synonyms canonic/canonical about simplest and most significant form. "Basic workings" not canonical. Sense 3 introduction/course/training. Not here. Thus index 1. Need return exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of <t>cancer</t>, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "cancer" in the provided context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the 5 candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene
- It mentions "developing the rare cancer"
- It talks about predicting whether an individual could expect to develop cancer
- It mentions National Cancer Institute
- It discusses "basic workings of cancer" as a disease

The context is clearly about the disease/medical meaning of cancer, not astrology or zodiac signs or the biological genus.

Looking at the senses:
1. any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - this is the medical/disease sense
2. person born under Cancer sign
3. constellation
4. zodiac sign
5. genus of crabs

The context is entirely about the medical disease and cancer research. So sense 1 is clearly the best.

The target surface form is "cancer" and the context is about malignant growths and cancer research. The National Cancer Institute studies this disease. The basic workings of cancer refers to the disease.

I should return {"sense_index": 1}.