[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD. Need output JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Choose among candidate senses 1-15 by index. Context: cancers collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. It means diseases cause death. Candidate senses: 1 cause to die intentionally/knowingly; 4 be fatal (cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills); 9 deprive of life (AIDS has killed thousands in Africa); 10 cause death without intention. Need pick best. The sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." Subject is diseases causing death of people. "killing" here means causing death, likely sense 4 "be fatal" or sense 9 "deprive of life" or sense 1/10. Let's analyze definitions with examples.

WordNet kill senses. Sense 1: cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly (This man killed several people... farmer killed pig). Sense 4: be fatal (cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills). Sense 9: deprive of life (AIDS has killed thousands in Africa). Sense 10: cause the death of, without intention (She was killed in collision). For subject "cancers" actively causing deaths: "cancers are killing Americans". This is transitive use? "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" has object Americans. So not intransitive be fatal (cigarettes kill intransitive). Though kill%2:42:00 is "[sth] kills" meaning is fatal, but doesn't take object? It is intransitive usage (cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills). Here cancers killing Americans is transitive. So sense 9 maybe fits best: deprive of life. Example: AIDS has killed thousands in Africa. Cancers killing Americans. Sense 1 has intentional connotation, not right. Sense 10 is cause the death of, without intention, often passive or accidental. Cancers killing is not intentional but agent-like; examples She was killed in collision. Slightly different.

Need check WordNet indexing. kill%2:35:00:: vs 2:35:02 etc. In WordNet 3.0? Let's recall senses order maybe. kill as verb (2000418898?). There are two main transitive: cause to die (kill%2:35:00) and "kill unintentionally" (kill%2:35:01). "deprive of life" is kill%2:35:02 maybe? Actually sense key number after POS lex_id: kill%2:35:00 means word 1, kill%2:35:01 second, etc. We don't need but choose index.

Let's inspect definitions and examples all. The target surface form killing is a present participle/gerund. The phrase "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" describes cancers as lethal forms causing death. It's like "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" sense 9. The phrase "deprive of life" seems apt: diseases deprive people of life. But is "deprive of life" a distinct sense? Definition equals "deprive of life". Often used in perfect/present for diseases/wars? Example AIDS. Could be the same as main transitive. Hmm.

We should possibly consider sense 4 (be fatal) with object? Some dictionaries allow "Smoking kills thousands" with object? WordNet examples only intransitive. But the use "cancer kills 200,000 Americans" is common; syntactically transitive. In WordNet, sense 4 "be fatal" examples: cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills (intransitive). Not this.

Sense 9 "deprive of life" examples "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" transitive (implied object). This matches.

But maybe sense 1 "cause to die" can also fit "cancer kills people" despite intention? WordNet gloss "usually intentionally or knowingly" but "This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank". It excludes diseases? Could be too strong. The phrase "lethal forms killing" implies causing death. Which sense? Let's look at candidate ordering: 1 intentional cause to die. 9 deprive of life (AIDS). 10 cause death without intention (collision). The context: cancers are not intentional agents but natural diseases, so sense 9 or 10. Between them, sense 9 examples include disease/AIDS, so best. Answer index = 9. We need JSON object only. Ensure no extra text. {"sense_index": 9}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense for target lemma american surface form Americans in context. Need parse. Candidate senses provided:
1. american%1:18:00:: definition a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. american%1:10:00:: definition the English language as used in the United States | synonyms American English, American language
3. american%1:18:01:: definition a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country (i.e., inhabitant of the Americas)

In context "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" refers to people in the U.S? The article mentions U.S., Canada and Britain, but cancer stats likely U.S. Colon lung breast cancers kill 200,000 Americans annually. That probably means people of the United States, not people from all the Americas. Hence sense 1.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. The instructions say Do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON. Good.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose among 4 senses for "year" in phrase "almost 200,000 Americans a year". This means per twelvemonth, annually. Sense 1: a period of time containing 365/366 days; synonyms twelvemonth, yr. This fits "a year" as annual period. Sense 2: a period occupying regular part of calendar year used for some particular activity; examples school year. Not fit. Sense 3: period for planet revolution. Not fit. Sense 4: body of students. Not fit. So sense_index:1. Need return JSON only.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target word "Right" in context sentence: "Right now about a dozen laboratories..." Options are adverb senses (4:02:...). The usage: "Right now" meaning immediately/precisely at this time. Candidate 2 definition=immediately, examples "she called right after dinner". Candidate 1 precisely exactly. "Right now" is an adverbial phrase meaning at this exact moment; could be sense 1 (precisely, exactly) or 2 (immediately). Let's see WordNet adverb senses for right. We need fine-grained WSD. Which WordNet sense maps to "right now"? Need know WordNet sense numbering. The list has indices 1..10 but the sense_keys differ (order maybe from sense index?). Definitions:
1 right%4:02:04:: precisely, exactly | stand right here!
2 right%4:02:08:: immediately | she called right after dinner
3 right%4:02:09:: exactly | synonyms=flop | he fell flop on his face
4 right%4:02:03:: toward or on the right...
5 right%4:02:01:: in the right manner...
6 right%4:02:00:: interjection...
7 right%4:02:07:: completely...
8 right%4:02:06:: (Southern regional intensive) very...
9 right%4:02:05:: in accordance...
10 right%4:02:02:: in an accurate manner...

The target "Right now" likely maps to sense 2 (immediately) because right now = immediately now. In WN examples maybe "right now" is under immediately? Let's reason. The gloss of sense 2 "immediately" and example "she called right after dinner". "Right now" indicates at the present time, immediately (without delay). Sense 1 "precisely, exactly" example "stand right here!" could also fit "right now" (exactly now). But in WordNet, "right%4:02:08:: immediately" examples include "I'll be right with you"? Let's verify mentally. WordNet adverb right senses:
- right (r) ... sense 1: precisely, exactly; "stand right here!"
- right (r) ... sense 2: immediately; "she called right after dinner"
- right (r) ... sense 3: exactly; "he fell flop on his face" (syn flop)
- right (r) ... sense 4: toward or on the right
- right (r) ... sense 5: in the right manner; correctly, properly
- right (r) ... sense 6: an interjection
- right (r) ... sense 7: completely; "she felt right at home"
- right (r) ... sense 8: (Southern regional intensive) very
- right (r) ... sense 9: in accordance with moral or social standards
- right (r) ... sense 10: in an accurate manner

Actually sense key numbers not indices. The candidates include index labels 1-10. The target phrase "Right now" = at this moment. In WSD, "right now" often annotated as sense 2 (immediately). Example "Right now about a dozen labs are racing..." means currently/immediately. I'd choose index 2.

Need return JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "now" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate senses. The answer should be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

Let me analyze the context:
"Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

The phrase is "Right now" which means at the present moment. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. now%4:02:05:: - in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
   - Examples involve narration of historical events being presented in present tense.
   - Not this context.

2. now%4:02:00:: - in these times; nowadays; today
   - This is more about a general period of time, not the immediate present moment.
   - "We now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles" - general current era.
   - Could fit but "right now" usually means at this exact moment.

3. now%4:02:02:: - used to preface a command or reproof or request
   - "Now hear this!" - not this context.

4. now%4:02:04:: - at the present moment; synonyms=at present
   - "goods now on sale"; "the now-aging dictator"
   - "Right now about a dozen laboratories are racing..." - at this present moment.
   - This seems most appropriate.

5. now%4:02:01:: - without delay or hesitation; immediately, instantly
   - "he answered immediately" - not this context. It's not about doing something without delay.

6. now%4:02:07:: - (prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity
   - "Now the next problem is..." - not this context.

7. now%4:02:06:: - in the immediate past
   - "told me just now" - not this context.

So sense 4 seems best: "at the present moment".

Wait, let me reconsider sense 2 vs sense 4. Sense 2 is "in these times; nowadays; today" and sense 4 is "at the present moment".

The phrase "Right now" strongly suggests the immediate present, not a general era. "Right now" means "at this exact time". The sentence says laboratories "are racing" - which is present continuous, happening at the present moment. This aligns with sense 4.

Also, note the synonym for sense 4 is "at present". "Right now" and "at present" are very similar.

Sense 2's synonym is "nowadays, today", which would be more like "Now laboratories use advanced technology" meaning in modern times, not at this instant.

So the answer should be sense_index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for "about" in context: "Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories ... are racing..." This is quantity imprecise but close to correct: approximately a dozen. Candidate sense 1 best. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: laboratory
Target surface form: laboratories
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=laboratory%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. sense_key=laboratory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need output JSON with sense_index. Need choose between 1 and 2. Context: "about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes." These are actual facilities/workplaces for scientific research. Not a region. So sense 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Need only JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target lemma "u.s." surface form "U.S." Context: "...about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing..." Candidate senses: 1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government. 2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: definition=North American republic containing 50 states ... | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA.

We need choose single best indexed sense. Index 1 or 2? Candidate senses listed with 1 and 2. The instruction says return only JSON object {"sense_index": 3} as example. We should return the actual index (1 or 2). Need decide.

Context: "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain" refers to countries/nations. U.S. as country, not government. Sense 2 is country/republic. Sense 1 is federal government branches. The phrase "in the U.S., Canada and Britain" parallels countries. Therefore best sense is index 2. We must return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: racing
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=race%2:33:00:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=run | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
3. sense_key=race%2:41:03:: | definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
4. sense_key=race%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=rush | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need disambiguate 'racing' in sentence: laboratories are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have candidates. Race to do something, competitive urgency toward goal. Sense 3: to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others; example We are racing to find a cure for AIDS. Fits exactly. Sense 1 move fast (rush) doesn't capture directed goal/competition nuance, sense 2 compete in a race literal, sense 4 cause to move. Output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON. Need choose best indexed sense for 'other' in context. Let's analyze.

Context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates."

The 'other' here modifies suspected tumor-suppressing genes (different from ones already mentioned or implied: two cancer-suppressors previously fingered, notably retinoblastoma, p53). So meaning: additional/different, not the same one or ones already mentioned. Candidate 1 definition: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; examples "the construction of highways and other public works". That's exactly.

Candidate 2 recently past (e.g., the other evening) doesn't fit. 3 distant past (early/former) no. 4 strange unusual no. So sense_index: 1.

Return only JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have <t>about</t> seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON. Need pick sense index. Context: "They have about seven candidates." Meaning approximately seven. Sense 1: (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct, synonyms approximately. So index 1. Ensure output exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers <t>say</t> the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for 'say' in context. Need output JSON {"sense_index": index only numeric}. Target sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix." It is a reporting verb in science journalism: Researchers say (state/assert) that inactivation appears crucial. Compare sense 1: express in words; state, tell. Sense 2: report or maintain; allege, aver. Examples: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war." This fits reporting/researchers asserting. Sense 1 examples: He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you. The sense of stating a fact/report. Which is best? WordNet say senses: say%2:32:00:: express in words, state, tell. say%2:32:01:: report or maintain, allege, aver. For researchers say a scientific claim, sense 2 seems apt: report or maintain. Need examine subtle difference. Sense 1 is generic: express in words. Sense 2 is "report or maintain". In journalism, "researchers say" often is report/maintain. The content "the inactivation... appears crucial..." is a reported claim. The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" involves reporting a judgement/opinion. That aligns. Sense 1 generic could also fit, but specificity favors sense 2. Since task asks choose single best indexed sense using synonyms/examples. So answer sense 2. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alone
Target surface form: alone
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, <t>alone</t> or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alone%4:02:00:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, only | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
2. sense_key=alone%4:02:01:: | definition=without anybody else or anything else | synonyms=solo, unaccompanied | examples=the child stayed home alone; the pillar stood alone, supporting nothing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "alone" in the given context. I need to choose between two candidate senses:

 1. alone%4:02:00:: - "without any others being included or involved" (synonyms: entirely, exclusively, solely, only)
 2. alone%4:02:01:: - "without anybody else or anything else" (synonyms: solo, unaccompanied)

 Context: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."

 The phrase "alone or in combination" clearly indicates that the inactivation can happen by itself (without other genes being involved) or in combination with other genes. This matches sense 1: "without any others being included or involved." It's about whether other genes are included or involved in the process, not about physical solitude.

 The sentence is saying tumor-suppressor gene inactivation, either by itself (alone) or together with other genetic changes (in combination), is crucial.

 Sense 2 is about being physically alone, solo, unaccompanied - which doesn't fit because we're talking about genes and whether they're the only factor involved.

 So the answer is sense 1, which is the first indexed sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: combination
Target surface form: combination
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in <t>combination</t>, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=combination%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
2. sense_key=combination%1:14:04:: | definition=a coordinated sequence of chess moves
3. sense_key=combination%1:14:02:: | definition=a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock | examples=he forgot the combination to the safe
4. sense_key=combination%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose | examples=they were a winning combination
5. sense_key=combination%1:14:03:: | definition=an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)
6. sense_key=combination%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order
7. sense_key=combination%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of combining things to form a new whole | synonyms=combining, compounding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense. Need analyze context. Target word combination. Sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial..." Here combination refers to inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes in combination, i.e., multiple genes inactivated together acting jointly. Candidate senses. Let's inspect each.

1. combination%1:14:00:: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities. Noun denotes entity/group of combined things. Could fit "inactivation ... alone or in combination" means inactivations combined? Actually "in combination" modifies genes or inactivations? "the inactivation ... alone or in combination". Combination as state of being combined; a collection of things combined. That sense is a noun of the result. But maybe the act/process? There is "in combination" idiomatic often means combined with each other, not the act.

7. combination%1:04:00:: the act of combining things to form a new whole; synonyms combining, compounding. This is the act/process. In phrase "in combination" as a process? Hmm.

The phrase "alone or in combination" means alone or together. Is this a collection (of inactivated genes) or act? Let's see WordNet senses.

combination%1:14:00:: - a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities. Ex: "a good speculation on the combination of sonata form and a Javanese gamelan style" perhaps.

combination%1:14:01:: group of people winning combination.

combination%1:14:04:: chess moves.

combination%1:14:02:: safe combination.

combination%1:14:03:: alliance.

combination%1:04:01:: math: arrangement of elements into specified groups without regard to order.

combination%1:04:00:: the act of combining things to form a new whole.

In context "tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination" refers to multiple genes acting together; inactivation of more than one gene in conjunction. It's about the state/togetherness of genes rather than the act. But phrase "in combination" could be mapping to sense 1 collection of things combined. However, is there a sense "the act of combining things" used in "used in combination"? Let's consider wordnet examples? Not provided for sense 7. But definition: the act of combining things to form a new whole. Example maybe "the combination of的勇气 and skill". In context, "inactivation ... alone or in combination" is not an act but situation where genes are inactivated in concert. It may refer to "a combination of genes". The sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial..." Could parse as "[the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes], [alone or in combination], appears crucial." Here alone/in combination describes whether one gene is inactivated alone or multiple inactivated together. "combination" = together. This is sense 1: collection/assemblage of separate parts combined. Or perhaps sense 14:00 is exactly "a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities." Let's know synsets in WordNet.

The noun combination has 5 noun senses under 1:14:
- combination 1: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities (the central meaning)
- combination 2: a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose
- combination 3: a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock
- combination 4: a coordinated sequence of chess moves
- combination 5: an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose
And verb? Actually 2 verb-action noun senses under 1:04:
- combination 1: the act of combining things to form a new whole
- combination 2: the act of arranging elements into specified groups without regard to order.

In WordNet, the often dominant central sense is 1:14:00 as collection/assemblage. "in combination" in sentence likely sense 1. Let's examine examples of 1:14:00 maybe: "a combination is a collection" Could apply "a combination of these genes". The target appears as "in combination" not "a combination". But still the sense is likely the central noun sense: assemblage of parts/qualities.

We should decide precisely. Need not hedge. Choose single best indexed sense. Return JSON.

Let's think: "the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination" — combination indicates multiple genes inactivated together, as a combined set. That is the collection of genes (or inactivations) that have been combined. Sense 1 fits.

Could sense 7 (act of combining) be better? "in combination" can express a relation "together" (in a combined manner). The word itself is a noun used adverbially. But in WSD with WordNet, the annotation for "in combination" often maps to sense 1? Let's search memory: In SemCor or word senses, the phrase "in combination with" often tags combination as sense 1? Maybe. Also "in combination" as a phrase with combination as "act" maybe sense 1. Let's reason from definitions.

If we replace "combination" with "a collection of things that have been combined", the phrase "alone or in a collection of things that have been combined" is awkward. If replace with "the act of combining things", "alone or in the act of combining" also awkward, but implies "in a state of combination." Both possible. But sense 1 has "an assemblage of separate parts or qualities" not a state. Phrase "in combination" = "combined" not "in a collection." Yet WordNet sense 1 is nominal; examples likely "a combination of old and new ideas." In "in combination with" it might be sense 1.

We might also consider domain: biology; "genes in combination" means combined action of multiple genes. The concept is not mathematical combination (sense 6), not chess, lock, alliance, people group. Narrow to 1 or 7. Which is more central? "a combination of genes" is collection=1. The phrase "in combination" is still a nominal use, e.g., "drugs used in combination" means multiple drugs used as a collection/combined regimen. I think sense 1 is correct.

We should verify with WordNet examples/gloss: sense 1.14.0: "a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities". Since the context: "inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination"; combination = assemblage/result of multiple gene inactivations. Yes.

Answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure output only JSON object exactly as requested. Do not answer with sense key. Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. We'll output {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, <t>appears</t> crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense index for "appears" in context. Let's parse sentence: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, ..." This is epistemic/seeming: "appears crucial" = gives the impression of being crucial / seems to be crucial. Which WordNet sense?

Candidate 1: appear%2:39:00 give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; synonyms look,seem; examples: She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem. Candidate 4: appear%2:39:01 seem to be true, probable, or apparent; synonyms seem; examples It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad.

The distinction: sense 1 uses "appear" with predicate adjective/noun: "appears crucial", "appears happy", "appears a fool"? Sense 4 is impersonal "it appears that..." or "appears to be true/probable/apparent". In the context "appears crucial" is raising with adjective complement, likely sense 1. However, sense 1 examples "This appears to be a very difficult problem" includes infinitival. Sense 4 examples "It appears that the weather in California is very bad". The target is "appears crucial". This matches sense 1: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect. But epistemic? It means it seems to be crucial. WordNet lists "appear" and "seem" both as synsets. "appears crucial" = seems crucial. In many WSD tasks, "appear" + to be/ADJECTIVE = sense 1; "appear" + that-clause = sense 4. Let's confirm. sense1 definition: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect. examples She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem. In FrameNet maybe "appears crucial" = "give impression". Sense4: seem to be true, probable, or apparent; refers to propositions/impersonal; "It appears that". So index 1.

Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crucial
Target surface form: crucial
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears <t>crucial</t> to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crucial%3:00:00:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=important | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
2. sense_key=crucial%5:00:00:material:02 | definition=having crucial relevance | examples=crucial to the case; relevant testimony
3. sense_key=crucial%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=of the greatest importance | synonyms=all-important, essential, of the essence | examples=the all-important subject of disarmament; crucial information

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "crucial" in the given context. Let me analyze the sentence and the candidate senses.

The target word appears in: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."

Candidate senses:
1. crucial%3:00:00:: = "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" - synonyms=important; examples: "a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election"
2. crucial%5:00:00:material:02 = "having crucial relevance" - examples: "crucial to the case; relevant testimony"
3. crucial%5:00:00:important:00 = "of the greatest importance" - synonyms=all-important, essential, of the essence; examples: "the all-important subject of disarmament; crucial information"

Let me think about which sense best fits.

The phrase is "crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer..." - this is about importance/essentialness to a process.

Sense 1 emphasizes "vital to the resolution of a crisis" - the examples are about moments/elections. This doesn't fit as well because we're talking about being essential to the development of cancer, not resolving a crisis.

Sense 2 is "having crucial relevance" with example "crucial to the case; relevant testimony". The structure "crucial to X" matches, but the meaning seems more about relevance than essential importance.

Sense 3 is "of the greatest importance" with synonyms all-important, essential, of the essence. The example "the all-important subject of disarmament; crucial information" suggests something extremely important/essential. In the context, the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes is essential to the development of cancer - without it, cancer doesn't develop. This fits best with "essential, all-important."

However, the actual phrase "crucial to the development" matches the structure in sense 2 ("crucial to the case"). But sense 2's definition "having crucial relevance" is weaker and more about relevance than being absolutely necessary.

In the semantic context of cancer research, the inactivation of these genes is described as fundamental/essential to the development of cancers - it's being presented as a key, necessary factor. This aligns better with sense 3 "of the greatest importance" (all-important, essential).

Sense 1 has the core meaning but specifically mentions "vital to the resolution of a crisis" which is narrower and doesn't apply. The colon cancer context isn't a "crisis resolution" frame.

I think sense 3 is best. The word is being used to mean "essential, of the greatest importance" to a biological process.

Wait, let me reconsider. WordNet adjective satellites (those starting with 5) are modifiers of head adjectives. Sense 3 has the head "important:00" - meaning it's essentially a strong form of "important." Sense 2 has the head "material:02" (meaning relevant/material).

The context: "inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes... appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer" - this means the inactivation is essential/necessary for cancer development. This is definitely "of the greatest importance" (sense 3) rather than merely "relevant" (sense 2).

Yes, sense 3.

Actually, I should double-check by considering that the phrase "crucial to" appears in sense 2's example. But the question is about semantic meaning, not just syntactic frame. The phrase "crucial to the case" in sense 2 means "relevant/crucially relevant to the case" - it's about relevance in a legal context. The phrase in our context is about being essential to a developmental process. So sense 3 still wins.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the <t>development</t> of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for "development" in sentence about development of cancers. Candidate senses listed with sense keys and definitions. We need output JSON {"sense_index": <integer>}, index likely from order 1..9. Need not answer with sense key.

Let's analyze context: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix." Here development means process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially advanced or mature). For cancer development, the process of a disease/cancer arising/progressing. Is that sense 2 (a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage) or sense 3 (biology) organic growth of organism? Cancer is not growth of an individual organism from simple to complex; it's pathological process. So sense 2 is best: "a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)". Examples include "development of his ideas" and "evolution". The development of cancers is a process that passes by degrees to a cancerous stage.

Sense 1 act of improving etc. Not. Sense 5 exploitation. Sense 7 state improving. Sense 10 music. So index 2.

Need ensure "single best indexed sense" and return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. We must not add explanation. The user explicitly says return only JSON object exactly like format. So final: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scourge
Target surface form: scourges
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such <t>scourges</t> as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scourge%1:06:00:: | definition=a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor) | synonyms=flagellum
2. sense_key=scourge%1:26:00:: | definition=something causing misery or death | synonyms=bane, curse, nemesis | examples=the bane of my life
3. sense_key=scourge%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who inspires fear or dread | synonyms=terror, threat | examples=he was the terror of the neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose single best indexed sense for "scourges" in context. Context: "such <t>scourges</t> as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix." The target lemma scourge surface form scourges, plural noun. Candidate senses: 1 physical whip; 2 something causing misery or death (bane, curse, nemesis), examples "the bane of my life"; 3 a person who inspires fear or dread (terror, threat), examples he was the terror of the neighborhood.

In context, cancers are scourges => things causing misery or death. Sense 2. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as <t>cancer</t> of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target 'cancer' in context. Context is about biology, genes, tumors, cancer diseases. The target is 'cancer' in phrase 'cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.' Also sentence about inherited genes prone to cancer. So sense 1: malignant growth/tumor disease. Sensory indices? Candidate list order: sense_key indices? Need output JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Index likely 1 (list order). But check: definition any malignant growth. yes. Output.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the <t>brain</t>, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best index. Target "brain" in phrase "cancer of the brain" refers to organ, bodily part central nervous system inside skull. Sense 1: anatomical organ. Sense 5: brain used as meat? No. Sense 2 mental ability etc, no. 3 seat of reason, no. 4 person genius. Context tumor-suppressing genes, cancer types: brain etc. This is cancer of the brain = cancer affecting brain organ. So sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skin
Target surface form: skin
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the <t>skin</t>, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skin%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch | synonyms=tegument, cutis | examples=your skin is the largest organ of your body
2. sense_key=skin%1:06:01:: | definition=an outer surface (usually thin) | examples=the skin of an airplane
3. sense_key=skin%1:05:01:: | definition=body covering of a living animal | synonyms=hide, pelt
4. sense_key=skin%1:26:00:: | definition=a person's skin regarded as their life | examples=he tried to save his skin
5. sense_key=skin%1:13:00:: | definition=the rind of a fruit or vegetable | synonyms=peel
6. sense_key=skin%1:06:02:: | definition=a bag serving as a container for liquids; it is made from the hide of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about cancer in various body parts: brain, skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. The target "skin" refers to the natural protective body covering of humans, as an anatomical body tissue/organ. The first sense is "a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch" with synonyms tegument, cutis. That matches. The third sense is "body covering of a living animal" synonyms hide, pelt - that's animal skin. Here it's human skin in a medical cancer context, so sense 1 is best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cervix
Target surface form: cervix
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and <t>cervix</t>. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cervix%1:08:01:: | definition=the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body | synonyms=neck | examples=he admired her long graceful neck; the horse won by a neck
2. sense_key=cervix%1:08:02:: | definition=necklike opening to the uterus | synonyms=uterine cervix, cervix uteri

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. The target 'cervix' in context: list of cancers: brain, skin, kidney, prostate, cervix. This refers to cervix uteri, the necklike opening to the uterus, not anatomical neck connecting head. Candidate sense 2 definition = necklike opening to the uterus. So index 2. Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no markdown? User said only JSON object exactly like. Use plain text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is <t>evidence</t> that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target word "evidence" in context. Need choose among 3 senses:
1. basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief. Syn grounds. Example "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling".
2. an indication that makes something evident.
3. law evidence.

Context: There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer... This is scientific evidence, basis for belief, knowledge. It parallels example "evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling". So sense 1. Need answer JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "people" in a given context. I need to choose from four candidate senses and return a JSON object with the sense index.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

"There is evidence that if <t>people</t> inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families."

The sentence is talking about human beings in general inheriting defective gene versions. It's referring to "people" as any group of human beings collectively - those who inherit these genes.

Let me look at each sense:

1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
   - This is the generic, collective sense of human beings.

2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
   - This is about citizens/nationals. Doesn't fit here - not talking about citizens of a country.

3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
   - This is about family/relatives/ancestors. The context mentions families later ("why some cancers seem to haunt certain families"), but the target word "people" itself refers to humans in general who inherit genes, not specifically family members.

4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people
   - This is about common people/masses, often with class connotations. Doesn't fit a scientific/medical context about gene inheritance.

So the best sense is sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" - it's the generic plural sense referring to human beings who inherit defective genes.

The phrase "if people inherit defective versions of these genes" clearly uses "people" in the generic human sense, not as citizens, family members, or the masses.

I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people <t>inherit</t> defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for word "inherit" in context. Context: tumor-suppressor genes, defective versions inherited from family, genetic transmission. Candidate 1 obtain from someone after death. 2 receive from predecessor (organization/role). 3 receive by genetic transmission. Best sense index 3. Output JSON only.

Need ensure no hedging. Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.