[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also <t>compared</t> with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for "compared" in context. Target surface form compared. Context from medical trial: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine ... in a study..." Means effects of Alimta were examined and noted relative to gemcitabine; essentially comparing two treatments. Candidate senses: 1 examine and note similarities/differences (eg John compared his haircut to friend's). 2 be comparable. 3 consider/describe as similar/equal/analogous (we can compare Han dynasty to Romans). 4 comparative grammar.
Sense 1 fits experimental comparison of effects between two drugs (Alimta vs gemcitabine). It implies examine and note differences/effectiveness. Sense 3 is metaphorical/linguistic equate, liken. Here it is scientific comparative study. So best index = 1. Output JSON exactly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best indexed sense. Target word medicine surface, context: "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer <t>medicine</t>)". Here "anticancer medicine" means a substance that treats/prevents disease, a drug/medication. Candidate 2 definition: something that treats or prevents or alleviates symptoms of disease; synonyms medication, medicament, medicinal drug. That's best. Need output only {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure not with backticks maybe? User says return only JSON object exactly like. We can output just JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a <t>study</t> involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation on the target word "study" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The context is about clinical trials of Alimta (pemetrexed) for cancer treatment. The phrase is "in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past." This is clearly referring to a clinical trial/research investigation.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. study%1:04:00:: - a detailed critical inspection (syn: survey) - this fits a clinical investigation
2. study%1:09:03:: - applying the mind to learning (education)
3. study%1:10:00:: - a written document describing findings (report)
4. study%1:09:04:: - a state of deep mental absorption
5. study%1:06:00:: - a room
6. study%1:09:02:: - a branch of knowledge
7. study%1:06:01:: - preliminary drawing
8. study%1:09:01:: - attentive consideration/meditation
9. study%1:18:00:: - someone who memorizes quickly
10. study%1:10:01:: - a musical composition

The sense that best fits is sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "survey". In the medical context, a clinical "study" is an investigation/survey of patients to evaluate a treatment.

Sense 3 (written report) could be tempting, but the context says "in a study involving 1,725 patients" - this refers to the investigation itself, not a written document. The entire passage discusses how Alimta "has been studied" and compares effects in different studies. These are clinical trials/investigations.

Sense 1's gloss "a detailed critical inspection" is schematic but matches a clinical study/investigation. The synonym "survey" also fits (a clinical survey of patients).

So the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study <t>involving</t> 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with single best indexed sense for target lemma involve, surface involving in context. Need determine which sense among candidates 1-7. Need not answer with sense key, only JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

Let's parse context. There are two instances of "involving" in the context: "one study involving 571 patients..." and "a study involving 1,725 patients...". We need target word is involving. We need choose sense. Candidate senses:

1 involve%2:42:01:: connect closely and often incriminatingly; affect, regard. Example: This new ruling affects your business. Not "involving" meaning includes/comprises? Not connect closely/incriminatingly.

2 involve%2:42:04:: engage as a participant. Example: Don't involve me in your family affairs! = include as participant. Could "study involving patients" be "engaging patients as participants"? This is plausible because studies enroll/include participants. However WordNet sense 2 definition "engage as a participant" means to make someone a participant. In "study involving 571 patients" the study includes/has patients as participants. But is that exactly sense 2 or sense 5/3?

3 involve%2:42:00:: have as a necessary feature; imply. Example: This decision involves many changes. "Study involving patients" = study has patients as a necessary feature/part? Could be.

4 involve%2:42:07:: require as useful, just, or proper; necessitate. Not here.

5 involve%2:42:02:: contain as a part. Example: Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses. This is "contain as a part". "Study involving patients" is like the study contains patients as participants; includes. This seems most natural.

6 involve%2:31:00:: occupy or engage the interest of. Not.

7 involve%2:30:00:: make complex or intricate. Not.

Need choose single best. Let's carefully analyze semantic distinctions between senses 2, 3, 5. All under verb group 2:42? WordNet senses for "involve" v. Maybe we can check WordNet definitions. Let's recall actual WordNet for involve (verb):

involve (v.)
Sense 1: connect closely and often incriminatingly; "This new ruling affects your business"
Sense 2: engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
Sense 3: have as a necessary feature or consequence; entail; "This decision involves many changes"
Sense 4: require as useful, just, or proper; "It takes nerve to do what she did"
Sense 5: contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"
Sense 6: occupy or engage the interest of; "His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon"
Sense 7: make complex or intricate or complicated; "The situation was rather involved"

Wait the provided sense keys have sense numbers maybe same as above? They listed:
1. involve%2:42:01::
2. involve%2:42:04::
3. involve%2:42:00::
4. involve%2:42:07::
5. involve%2:42:02::
6. involve%2:31:00::
7. involve%2:30:00::

So mapping provided indexes to WordNet lexicographer file? The order given by user: index 1 is sense_key ...01 (connect), index 2 is ...04 (engage participant), index 3 is ...00 (have necessary feature), index 4 is ...07 (require), index 5 is ...02 (contain as part), index 6 is ...31 (occupy interest), index 7 is ...30 (make complex). So we need select among these 1-7.

In phrase "a study involving 1,725 patients" = "a study that includes 1,725 patients". Which sense is best? Candidate 5 (contain as a part) fits: the study contains patients as a part (the participants). However is there a nuance: "involve" in the sense "to include as a necessary part or consequence" maybe sense 3? "This decision involves many changes" vs "study involves patients". Let's examine examples.

WordNet sense 5 (contain as a part): "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses". Here the dinner has/includes six courses as a component. A study involving patients includes patients as participants. That matches.

Sense 2 (engage as a participant): "Don't involve me in your family affairs!" This is active causing someone to take part. In a study involving patients, the study engages patients as participants. But the example is more about entangling someone. "Study involving patients" is often annotated as include. Which sense does WordNet mapping prefer? In SemCor maybe "study involving patients" could be labeled involve.v.02? Need determine.

Sense 3 (have as a necessary feature / imply): "This decision involves many changes." Could "a study involving 571 patients" be "study has as a necessary feature 571 patients"? Not exactly; it's an event with participants, not a necessary feature.

Sense 5 specifically "contain as a part". "Dinner involves six courses". A study involves patients; participants are parts of the study? Yes.

But need check if "involve" in medical study context might be sense "include" maybe WordNet sense 5. Let's search memory: WordNet examples for involve.v.05: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses". Synonyms: involve. This is subsuming relation. In "a study involving 1,725 patients" the study includes that many patients. It is a part/whole relation.

Candidate 2 "engage as a participant" might be too agentive. The study is not actively engaging participants in sense of making them participants; it has them. But "involve" in "a study involving patients" maybe could be treated as "include" (sense 5). Let's examine the first occurrence in context: "in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease..." If paraphrase: "one study that included 571 patients". That's exactly "contain as a part". The other occurrence "a study involving 1,725 patients". Same.

Also "involved in producing nucleotides" appears earlier in the same context but target is surface form "involving". The first instance "enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides" would be sense? likely "take part in"/"connect closely"? Not target. But there are two instances of "involving" target. They both mean "including".

Need choose single best indexed sense. Could there be candidate 3 because "involve" = "have as a necessary feature"? A study involving patients: the study has patients as a necessary feature? Could be. But compare examples: "This decision involves many changes" (changes are consequences, not parts). Patients are not necessary features/consequences of a study; they are participants/components. Sense 5 is more precise.

But let's be careful: WordNet sense 5 (contain as a part) may apply to things, not events like "study". A study is an event/activity; "involve" with events usually sense "include" or "engage as participants". WordNet includes sense 5 example with dinner (event) and courses (parts). A study is an event, patients are participants; participants can be seen as parts of the study. So sense 5 fine.

Let's check if any candidate better: Sense 2 "engage as a participant" synonyms? None given. Example about involving someone in family affairs. That is active transitive with person object and in something. "Study involving patients" could be seen as "engaging patients as participants". However the subject is "study", not a person causing participation. WordNet sense 2 maybe "Don't involve me..." = don't include me. "The study involved 571 patients" = the study included/engaged them. There is a subtle line between sense 2 and sense 5. Which is used in WSD? Let's recall lexical semantics: involve.v.02 = "engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!""; involve.v.05 = "contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"". The distinction: sense 2 = connect/engage as participant, often human agent, entailing involvement in an activity. Sense 5 = have as part or component. For "a study involving 1,725 patients", patients are participants in the study, so sense 2 might be selected by WSD because they are participants. But "contain as a part" also includes participants? Hmm.

Let's search memory of WordNet sense usage: "The school involved parents in the decision" -> sense 2. "The job involves travel" -> sense 3? Actually "The job involves travel" = have as a necessary feature (sense 3). "The accident involved three cars" -> maybe sense 1? Actually "The accident involved three cars" connect closely? Or sense 5 contain as part? WordNet example? Maybe "The accident involved three cars" sense 1? In WSD tasks, "involve" often maps to sense 3? Let's explore.

The word "involve" is highly polysemous but senses overlap. In evaluation datasets, "involve" might be sense 5 for "include". For instance "a procedure involving several steps" maybe sense 5. "a plan involving all employees" could be sense 2. Hard.

We need choose single best indexed sense for target. Use context, examples, synonyms. Let's analyze each candidate in relation to phrase.

Candidate 1: connect closely and often incriminatingly. Synonyms affect, regard. Example: "This new ruling affects your business". Could "study involving patients" mean "study affects patients"? Not appropriate; no incrimination or close connection. No.

Candidate 2: engage as a participant. Example: "Don't involve me in your family affairs!". A study does engage patients as participants. But the target surface "involving" modifies "study": "a study involving 1,725 patients". If we rephrase: "a study that engaged 1,725 patients as participants". It fits. However "involve" sense 2 implies causing someone to participate or be included in an activity. A study doesn't cause patients to participate; it enrolls them. But patients are participants. Could be.

Candidate 3: have as a necessary feature. Example: "This decision involves many changes". A study having patients is not a necessary feature; it is a component. "This study involves 1,725 patients" = includes them. Might be sense 3 because patients are part of the situation, but example "decision involves many changes" suggests entailment. Not best.

Candidate 4: require. No.

Candidate 5: contain as a part. Example: "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses". A study containing patients as parts. Very close to "include". This is likely best.

Candidate 6: occupy interest. No.

Candidate 7: make complex. No.

Between 2 and 5. Let's examine WordNet hypernyms perhaps. Sense 2 "engage as a participant" hypernym "include"? Actually WordNet sense 2 may be "include" group. Sense 5 hypernym "include" too? Let's recall: involve.v.05 (contain as a part) is a hyponym of "include"? The lexical file 42 maybe "verb.social"? Actually sense keys: %2:42:xx is verb.social? Let's decode: WordNet lexicographer file codes: 42 = verb.social? Hmm. Lexical file codes: 00 = adj.all, 30 = verb.contact? Let's recall. For verbs, file numbers: 35=verb.body, 41=verb.communication, 42=verb.competition? Wait. WordNet lexicographer names have numbers: 00 adj.all; 01 adj.pert; etc. For verbs: 35 verb.body; 41 verb.communication; 42 verb.competition? Actually list: 35 verb.body; 36 verb.change; 37 verb.cognition; 38 verb.communication? Hmm. Let's retrieve: WordNet lexicographer file numbers for verbs: 29 verb.cognition? No.

Let's not rely on that. The sense keys lexicographer file may differ: involve%2:42:xx. I think 42 is "verb.social". Actually WordNet file numbers: noun.* start at 01-28, verb.* at 29-42? Let me recall exact: Lexicographer file numbers: 00 adj.all, 01 adj.pert, 02 adv.all, 03 noun.Tops, 04 noun.act, 05 noun.animal, 06 noun.artifact, 07 noun.attribute, 08 noun.body, 09 noun.cognition, 10 noun.communication, 11 noun.event, 12 noun.feeling, 13 noun.food, 14 noun.group, 15 noun.location, 16 noun.motive, 17 noun.object, 18 noun.person, 19 noun.phenomenon, 20 noun.plant, 21 noun.possession, 22 noun.process, 23 noun.quantity, 24 noun.relation, 25 noun.shape, 26 noun.state, 27 noun.substance, 28 noun.time, 29 verb.body, 30 verb.change, 31 verb.cognition, 32 verb.communication, 33 verb.competition, 34 verb.consumption, 35 verb.contact, 36 verb.creation, 37 verb.emotion, 38 verb.motion, 39 verb.perception, 40 verb.possession, 41 verb.social, 42 verb.stative, 43 verb.weather. Hmm that may be right. Then involve senses with 2:42 are verb.stative. 2:31 is verb.cognition, 2:30 is verb.change. So candidate 5 (contain as a part) is verb.stative, candidate 2 (engage as a participant) also verb.stative. Candidate 3 have necessary feature verb.stative. Good.

Given definitions, sense 5 "contain as a part" is the closest to "include" for a study including patients. Let's check if WordNet distinguishes sense 5 and sense 2 by "contain as a part" maybe used for inanimate whole-part. Example "Dinner involves courses". A study and patients could be whole-part. Patients are animate, but they are elements included in study. Sense 2 "engage as a participant" is more about making a person a participant. A study enrolls participants. But phrase "a study involving 571 patients" is a reduced relative: "which involved 571 patients". If we ask "What did the study involve?" answer: 571 patients. The study included 571 patients. This is like "The dinner involves six courses". So sense 5.

However, there is also sense 3 "have as a necessary feature". A study has patients as necessary feature? But "involve" with numbers often means "to have as a participant or element". In many dictionaries, "involve" means "include as a necessary part" or "to contain as a part". Sense 3 specifically "have as a necessary feature or consequence". The example "This decision involves many changes" = entails. In "study involves patients", it is not that patients are entailed; they are components. So sense 5.

Let's verify by considering previous instance: "pemetrexed ... blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides". This uses "involved in" = taking part in (sense? maybe sense 2 or 1?). But target is "involving", not "involved". So not relevant.

Need final JSON only. We should not hedge. Let's consider whether index starts from 1 as listed. Yes candidates numbered 1-7. Output {"sense_index": 5}. Must return only JSON object exactly like. No extra text. Ensure valid JSON. Final.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense. Context: Alimta cancer studies involving patients who had not received chemotherapy. Patients as persons requiring medical care. Candidate 1 definition: person who requires medical care. Candidate 2 semantic role in grammar. Since context medical drug study, patients are human subjects receiving treatment, sense 1. Need output JSON exactly with sense_index. Candidate sense keys listed as 1 and 2; index maybe 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In the body, pemetrexed is converted into an active form that blocks the activity of the enzymes that are involved in producing nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA and RNA, the genetic material of cells). How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the target word "past" in context.

Context: "...1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the <t>past</t>."

The phrase is "in the past" which means "at a previous time" or "before now" - referring to elapsed time.

Looking at candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

The phrase "in the past" here refers to time that has elapsed. It is not about a secret period in someone's life (sense 2), nor is it about verb tense (sense 3).

The example "forget the past" aligns with sense 1 - the time that has elapsed.

So the answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three <t>studies</t>, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need identify best WordNet sense for "studies" in context. Context: medical trials about Alimta being studied. "In all three studies, the main measure..." these are clinical trials: detailed critical inspection? Could be "a detailed critical inspection" sense 1 (survey). Or "a written document describing findings" sense 3. Let's examine. Clinical study = a research investigation; WordNet sense 1: study%1:04:00:: a detailed critical inspection, synonyms survey. This fits an investigation/examination. Sense 3 is written report. The phrase "in a study involving 1,725 patients" refers to the investigation/trial itself, not a document. "During the studies" also the research activity. So sense 1 is best. Although "study" as a branch? no. Therefore answer {"sense_index":1}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the <t>main</t> measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "main" and the context is about a clinical study for Alimta, where "the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." The three candidate senses are:

1. main%5:00:00:important:00 - definition="most important element"; synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master; examples="the chief aim of living"
2. main%3:00:02:: - definition="(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence"; synonyms=independent
3. main%5:00:00:intense:00 - definition="of force; of the greatest possible intensity"; examples="by main strength"

In context, "the main measure of effectiveness" means the most important measure or primary measure of effectiveness. This matches sense 1, which is "most important element" with synonyms like chief, primary, principal. It makes no sense in the context of "main clause" (sense 2) or "by main strength" (sense 3). The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main <t>measure</t> of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "measure" in sentence: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived." Target lemma measure surface form measure. Candidate senses listed with sense keys. Need map sense_index? They are numbered 1-9. Need choose single best.

Let's analyze context. "main measure of effectiveness" means the criterion/standard/reference point used to evaluate effectiveness. It is not an act of measuring (sense 4), not quantity (2), not maneuver/step (1), not statute (3), not prosody/meter (6), not musical bar (7), not measuring instrument (8), not container (9). It is "a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated" synonyms standard, criterion, touchstone. That is sense_key=measure%1:10:03::, listed as candidate 5. So sense_index 5.

Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 5}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: long
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how <t>long</t> the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%4:02:00:: | definition=for an extended time or at a distant time | examples=a promotion long overdue; something long hoped for
2. sense_key=long%4:02:03:: | definition=for an extended distance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index only. Need select from two candidates: 4:02:00 extended time/distant time; 4:02:03 extended distance. Context: "how long the patients survived" measures duration/time. So sense 1. Index? They call candidate senses 1 and 2. Return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the <t>patients</t> survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for target 'patients' in context about clinical studies of Alimta, "how long the patients survived". This clearly refers to people receiving medical care. Sense 1 = a person who requires medical care. Sense 2 is semantic role in linguistics. So choose 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
How has Alimta been studied? For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients <t>survived</t>. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to do Word Sense Disambiguation for "survived" in this context.

Context: This is a clinical study description about Alimta (pemetrexed) for treating mesothelioma and lung cancer. The key sentence is: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. survive%2:42:01:: = continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America

Thehedra here is about continuing to live through hardship/adversity. The patient context is about cancer patients living through the adversity/disease. "how long the patients survived" = how long they continued to live despite having cancer.

2. survive%2:42:02:: = continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds

This one specifically takes an object: "survive the cancer". It's transitive. In our sentence, "survived" is intransitive: "how long the patients survived." There's no direct object. So sense 2 is less likely.

3. survive%2:42:00:: = support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage

This is about supporting oneself financially or subsisting. Not relevant to cancer survival.

4. survive%2:42:03:: = live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

This requires a direct object (someone/something to outlive). In our sentence, "survived" has no direct object, so this doesn't work.

So sense 1 is the best fit. "Survive" here means to continue to live through the hardship/adversity of cancer. The phrase "how long the patients survived" naturally uses survive as an intransitive verb meaning "continue to live/endure."

Wait, let me reconsider. Is the key distinction between 1 and 2 really transitivity? Sense 2 specifically: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" - requires an adversity object (survive the operation, survived the accident). Sense 1: "continue to live through hardship or adversity" - can be intransitive or with "through"?

Example for sense 1: "We went without water and food for 3 days" - intransitive. "These superstitions survive" - intransitive.

Example for sense 2: "He survived the cancer against all odds" - transitive.

Our sentence: "how long the patients survived" - no direct object, intransitive. This matches sense 1.

Also the meaning: The clinical trials measure overall survival time of patients - how long they continued to live. This is the standard endpoint "overall survival" in oncology trials. It means duration of continued life despite illness.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is sense 1.

I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON {"sense_index": X}. The context asks "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time..." It is asking about advantage/effect promoting patient well-being/health benefit. Among candidates: 1 financial assistance. 2 something that aids or promotes well-being (synonyms welfare; example for the benefit of all). 3 charitable performance. Best is 2. Return JSON. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "shown" in sentence: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" Context: clinical studies measuring effectiveness survival. Alimta increased survival. So "shown" means demonstrated/proved/established as valid or evidenced. Candidate senses:
1. exhibition to audience - no.
2. establish validity by example/experiment - "The experiment demonstrated..." This fits: studies showed benefit, established validity.
3. provide evidence for - "blood test showed that..." Also fits, but more about evidence supporting a fact. The phrase "shown during the studies" = studies have provided evidence of benefit. Sense 2 synonyms prove, demonstrate, establish, shew; definition establish validity of something, as by example, explanation or experiment. Sense 3 synonyms testify, bear witness, prove, evidence; definition provide evidence for. Which is better? The object is "benefit" (an effect), not a proposition? "What benefit has Alimta shown" = what benefit has been demonstrated/proved. In scientific contexts, "show" often sense 2? Let's examine WordNet distinctions. Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment. Examples: experiment demonstrated instability; mathematician showed validity of conjecture. Sense 3: provide evidence for. Examples: blood test showed that he was father; behavior testified to incompetence. The difference: sense 2 often takes a claim/validity; sense 3 takes evidence for a fact, often with "that". Here "shown" with object "benefit" (a result) and agent "Alimta" (medicine) via studies. "Alimta has shown benefit" is like "The drug showed efficacy". In WordNet, "show" with object "benefit" maybe sense 3? Let's think of typical mapping: "The study showed that X" often sense 2? Actually WordNet sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The examples include "The experiment demonstrated the instability" and "mathematician showed the validity". Sense 3: "provide evidence for" examples "The blood test showed that he was the father". Hmm "showed that" is sense 3? But "show" in "The blood test showed that..." is provide evidence. In "The experiment demonstrated the instability" no that. The target "shown" is past participle with auxiliary has: "has Alimta shown" = has demonstrated/proved. The studies are experiments; the benefit is a result. Could be sense 2 because studies establish validity of benefit. But sense 3 also plausible.
Need choose single best. Let's analyze all senses:
4 make visible/noticeable - no.
5 picture - no.
6 give expression to - no.
7 indicate place/direction - no.
8 become visible - no.
9 gauge reading - no.
10 give evidence of, as of records - "The diary shows his distress". This is similar to sense 3 but specifically records/documents. Studies are records? But "shown during the studies" not records.
11 usher - no.
12 race - no.
Between 2 and 3. The phrase "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" asks about demonstrated benefit from clinical trials. In WordNet, sense 2 definition includes "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Clinical studies are experiments; they establish validity of benefit. Sense 3 "provide evidence for" is broader. The object "benefit" is not a proposition but an effect. "Show benefit" idiomatically means demonstrate/prove benefit. I think sense 2 is best. However, many WSD systems map "shown" in scientific contexts to sense 2? Let's recall SemCor: "shown" as past participle of show. Example "The blood test showed" sense 3. "The study showed" maybe sense 2? Let's search memory: WordNet sense 2 (show%2:31:00) is under verb.cognition? Actually sense key show%2:31:00 is in lexicographer file verb.cognition? 31 = cognition. Sense 3 show%2:32:00 is verb.communication? 32 = communication. The distinction: sense 2 = demonstrate, prove (cognitive act). Sense 3 = testify, evidence (communicate evidence). In "Alimta has shown benefit" the subject is drug, not person/experimenter. The drug cannot establish validity; it is the evidence/proof itself? Actually "Alimta shown benefit" means Alimta has been shown to provide benefit? The sentence "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" The subject is Alimta, the verb "shown" means Alimta has exhibited/produced benefit that is visible/evident. This is more like sense 4? "make visible or noticeable"? But "shown" with abstract benefit. Hmm.
Let's parse: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" Equivalent to "During the studies, what benefit did Alimta show?" The studies measured effectiveness. Alimta demonstrated a benefit (increased survival). The verb "show" here means "demonstrate" (sense 2) or "provide evidence of" (sense 3). Since the subject is the medicine, not the study, "Alimta showed benefit" = Alimta provided evidence of benefit? Actually the medicine itself is the entity whose effects are observed. In "The blood test showed that he was the father", subject is test (instrument) providing evidence. In "Alimta shown benefit", subject is drug, which is not an instrument but the thing being tested. But we can say "The drug has shown efficacy" = the drug has demonstrated efficacy. That maps to sense 2? "Establish validity of something, as by example/experiment" - the drug in studies establishes its efficacy. The example "The experiment demonstrated the instability" subject experiment. Here subject is Alimta, but the studies are the experimental context. Could be sense 2 via metonymy.
Sense 3 "provide evidence for" with subject drug? "Alimta provided evidence for benefit" is odd; the studies provide evidence. But "Alimta has shown benefit" is more like "Alimta has exhibited/proved benefit". In dictionaries, "show" sense "to prove or demonstrate" is sense 2. I think answer is 2.
Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD. Target lemma study, surface studies. Context: clinical trials describing Alimta studied in main study, one study involving patients, all three studies, what benefit shown during the studies. Here 'studies' means clinical trials/investigations: a detailed critical inspection? The candidate senses: sense_key=study%1:04:00:: definition=a detailed critical inspection synonyms=survey. That's likely noun sense for systematic investigation. It matches 'clinical study'. 'a written document describing findings' is report; not during the studies. 'branch of knowledge' no. 'state of deep mental absorption' no. 'room' no. 'preliminary drawing' no. 'meditation' no. 'someone who memorizes' no. 'composition' no. So best is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need choose between sense 1 and 2. Target surface increased; context: Alimta increased the survival time... Subject Alimta (agent/medicine) increased survival time (object), so transitive causative: make bigger or more. Sense 2 (make bigger or more). Sense 1 is intransitive become bigger. Answer sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survival" used in the phrase "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." Here it refers to the duration of remaining alive. The context discusses how long patients survived, measured in months.

Candidate senses:
1. survival%1:26:00:: - "a state of surviving; remaining alive" with synonym endurance. This fits best because "survival time" means the period during which the patient remains alive. It's the state/condition of surviving.
2. survival%1:22:00:: - natural selection/evolution sense. Not relevant here, no evolution context.
3. survival%1:04:00:: - "something that survives" - artifact/entity. Not applicable; survival time isn't a physical thing that survives.

So the best sense is index1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need disambiguate 'time' in sentence: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients..." It refers to the period of survival; time as an indefinite period marked by specific attribute (survival). Candidate senses: 3 (time%1:28:00::): an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities); examples 'he waited a long time; the time of year for planting'. 'Survival time' means duration/period of survival. Sense 2 is 'time as resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something' not exactly. Sense 3 is best. Need output JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of <t>patients</t> with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need disambiguate patient (patients). Context medical: patients with disease, receiving treatment survival. Candidate sense 1: person requiring medical care. Candidate sense 2: semantic role patient in linguistics. This is medical domain, so sense 1. We output JSON. Ensure no markdown.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: Patients
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. <t>Patients</t> receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need choose between 1 and 2. Context is about patients receiving Alimta, medical care people. The target surface form Patients first word in sentence "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived..." It's a person requiring medical care. Sense 1. So index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin <t>survived</t> for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need respond with JSON only {"sense_index": N}. Need choose best sense for "survived" in medical context: Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months. Meaning continue to live, remain alive for duration. WordNet senses:
1 survive%2:42:01:: continue to live through hardship or adversity synonyms last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up. Examples We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America. This sense can be used for people continuing to live (often through adversity). "survived for an average of 12.1 months" fits "continue to live through hardship or adversity" maybe? This sense includes "live on" and "endure". However WordNet sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.); examples He survived the cancer against all odds—this is transitive? Actually "survived the cancer". Our target intransitive with "for an average of 12.1 months". Sense 1 intransitive supports duration. Sense 3 support oneself is about subsisting on income. Sense 4 live longer than needs object. Thus best is sense 1.
Need ensure no extra explanation; only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "average" in a specific context.

The context is talking about clinical studies where patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months.

The candidate senses are:
1. average%1:09:00:: - a statistic describing the location of a distribution, synonyms=norm
2. average%1:24:00:: - (sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. average%1:09:01:: - an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual

In the sentence "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months", "average" refers to a statistical measure - specifically a statistic describing the location of a distribution. This matches sense 1.

Sense 2 is about sports, clearly not applicable.
Sense 3 is about an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual (like "average height"), not a calculated statistical average.

So the answer should be sense 1.

The user asks to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 <t>months</t>, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON. Target 'months' in context '12.1 months' referring to survival time duration. Candidate 1 month as calendar division. Candidate 2 time unit of approximately 30 days. Since 12.1 months denotes duration length approx 365 days, not calendar months? It's a measure of survival time in months, calendar months vs 30-day units. WordNet sense 2 says 'a time unit of approximately 30 days'. In clinical study survival measured in months, usually each month as 30.44 days? The phrase '12.1 months' as average survival time means about 30-day periods. Sense 2 fits. Sense 1 'one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year' - calendar month, named months, not durations. So index 2. Need return only JSON object. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "compared" in a specific context. I need to choose from 4 candidate senses and return only a JSON object with the sense index.

Let me analyze the context:

The target word "compared" appears in this sentence:
"Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

This is a comparison of two survival times: 12.1 months vs 9.3 months. The structure is "X months, compared with Y months..." which is a very common way to indicate a contrast/comparison between two values.

Let me look at the senses:

1. compare%2:31:00:: - "examine and note the similarities or differences of" - examples: "John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie"
2. compare%2:42:00:: - "be comparable" - examples: "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes"
3. compare%2:31:01:: - "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous" - synonyms: liken, equate - examples: "We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed"
4. compare%2:32:00:: - "to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb"

Context analysis:
- "compared with 9.3 months" is setting up a direct comparison/contrast between two survival times.
- The earlier sentences in the context explicitly use "compared with" in the sense of clinical trial comparison: "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel" and "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine".
- In those earlier instances, they are examining differences in effects between treatments.
- In the target sentence, it's comparing two numbers: 12.1 months vs 9.3 months.

This matches sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of". The sentence is noting the difference between 12.1 months and 9.3 months.

Sense 3 ("consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous") doesn't fit well because they're not saying 12.1 months is similar/equal/analogous to 9.3 months; they're highlighting the difference.

Sense 2 ("be comparable") doesn't fit because it's not about being comparable in quality.

Sense 4 is about grammar, which is clearly not relevant.

So the best sense is sense 1.

Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase "compared with" in the target sentence functions as a participial phrase modifying the main clause. It's saying "Patients survived 12.1 months, [when this is] compared with 9.3 months [for others]."

This is still the act of examining/note similarities or differences. So sense 1.

Actually, some might argue that "compared with" here is establishing a comparison/contrast relationship. Sense 1 is the most general sense of making a comparison.

I should choose sense 1 and return {"sense_index": 1}.