[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully. Target is "however" in the given context.

The context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

So we have: ringing is a passion, but it usually stays in the tower. Then the next sentence elaborates: ringers think of the church as stuck on the bottom of the belfry (i.e., the church isn't the focus; the tower/belfry is).

The function of "however" here: It signals a contrast or limitation to the preceding statement. The preceding says ringing is a passion/obsession, and then "however" introduces a qualification - this passion stays in the tower (doesn't extend to the church/religion).

Looking at candidates:
1. despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) - synonyms: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so
2. by contrast; on the other hand
3. to whatever degree or extent
4. in whatever way or manner

The "however" here is sentence-initial/adverbial connecting two clauses, indicating contrast. It's like "nevertheless" or "nonetheless". This matches sense 1 best.

Wait, but sense 2 says "by contrast; on the other hand". What's the difference?

Sense 1 examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"
Sense 2 examples: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

The example for sense 2 is more about contrasting two parts/items. "The first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - this is contrasting two things.

The example for sense 1 is "although X, however Y" - this is concessive, following a concession.

In our sentence: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." The "however" here functions as a sentence adverb meaning "nevertheless" or "nonetheless" - introducing a statement that contrasts with or qualifies what was just said. It follows the statement that ringing is an obsession/passion, and then qualifies it.

Actually, let me think more carefully. The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

So "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" is somewhat contrasting with/contradicting the idea of ringing being an obsession (because if it's an obsession, you might expect it to take over one's whole life, but it stays in the tower).

This feels like sense 1: despite anything to the contrary, nevertheless.

Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 1 of "however" is the concessive sense ("nevertheless"). Sense 2 is "by contrast". The boundary can be subtle.

In the Penn Treebank/WordNet annotation, "however" used as a sentence connector indicating concession/restriction is typically sense 1. The position here (at the end of the clause with comma) is characteristic of sense 1.

"it is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" = "it is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless"

This strongly matches sense 1.

Sense 2 would be more like: "Some passions consume one's whole life. This passion, however, stays in the tower." But even that might be sense 1.

I think sense 1 is correct. The key synonyms are nevertheless, still, yet - all convey the concessive contrast here.

Let me double check the sense_key numbering. The candidate list:
1. however%4:02:00:: despite anything to the contrary
2. however%4:02:04:: by contrast
3. however%4:02:02:: to whatever degree
4. however%4:02:01:: in whatever way

The actual WordNet order for however adv:
- 00040508-r however%4:02:00:: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so, nonetheless, notwithstanding, ne'ertheless - despite anything to the contrary...
- 00040876-r however%4:02:04:: - by contrast; on the other hand
- 00041074-r however%4:02:02:: - to whatever degree or extent
- 00041275-r however%4:02:01:: - in whatever way or manner

So the index mapping: the user labels them 1,2,3,4 corresponding to the sense_keys above.

My answer: sense_index 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need choose between sense 1 and 2. Target surface form "More" in phrase "More often than not". "More often than not" is idiomatic phrase means usually/frequently. "More" here forms comparative of adjective or adverb? It is comparative of "often" (adverb). The definition sense_key=more%4:02:00:: says used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs; synonyms=to a greater extent; examples more interesting; more beautiful. Sense 2: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent; examples "he works more now; they eat more than they should". In "More often than not", "more" modifies "often" comparative adverb; perhaps sense 1. But phrase "more often than not" could be lexicalized. WordNet 'more' adverb senses: 1) used to form the comparative; 2) comparative of much (as adverb). 'Often' is an adverb; 'more often' = comparative of adverb 'often'. So sense 1. But check examples: "he works more now" not modifying an adjective/adverb. Our use: more (often) = comparative degree of 'often'. Synonyms "to a greater extent" fits also. Need determine which sense. Sense1 is specifically adverb used to form comparative of adjectives and adverbs. That is exactly 'more often'. So answer index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for target word "often" in context. Let's parse context.

Paragraph about church bell ringing. Target sentence: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." Another occurrence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." The target <t>often</t> appears in phrase "More often than not". Need sense.

Candidate senses:
1. many times at short intervals (frequency): frequently, oftentimes.
2. frequently or in great quantities (degree) much. Example "I don't drink much".
3. in many cases or instances.

"More often than not" means in more than half of cases; usually. It corresponds to sense 3? Definition "in many cases or instances". Yes, "more often than not" is a fixed expression meaning usually, i.e., in many instances. Sense 1 is "many times at short intervals" literal frequent repetition. In the idiom, we are not saying at short intervals. So sense 3 likely best.

Let's verify glosses of WordNet often. often%4:02:00:: "many times at short intervals". often%4:02:01:: "frequently or in great quantities". often%4:02:02:: "in many cases or instances". The phrase "More often than not" clearly matches sense 3. The next sentence's "often" (not tagged, but still) means frequently go to pub; sense 1. But target is the tagged one in "More often than not". So choose 3. Must output JSON only exactly {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need solve WSD. Target surface ringers in context about church bell ringing, people who ring bells, swaps in changes, Dorothy Sayers. Candidate 1 = person who rings church bells. Candidate 2 = dead ringer/clone. Candidate 3 = false-pretenses contestant. Candidate 4 = horseshoes successful throw. Obviously sense 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Also target surface is plural but fine.
We need no extra.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best WordNet sense for "think of" in context: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." This is clearly consider/regard as something. The structure "think of X as Y" maps to sense 3: look on as or consider; synonyms repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be. Examples: "He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician". So answer JSON {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": X}. We need disambiguate "church". Context: ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. The church building vs congregation. Synonyms: church building. It refers physical structure at bottom of belfry, where worship happens below. Thus sense 2. Need output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD for lemma bottom. Target surface bottom. Context phrase: "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." The church is at/under the belfry? In bell ringing, the belfry/tower, church is at the bottom. Which sense? bottom of the belfry means lower part/side. Candidate 1 lower side of anything; 2 lowest part of anything; 3 buttocks; 4 inning; 5 underwater ground; 6 low-lying land; 7 ship. Relevant 1 versus 2. "Stuck on the bottom of the belfry" idiomatic: on the underside? They think of church as stuck on the bottom undersurface of the belfry. "The lower side of anything" has synonyms underside, undersurface. "The lowest part of anything" examples start at bottom of hill. Here bottom of belfry is the underside/base? Church is stuck on the bottom of the belfry (implying belfry is above, church is attached below). It is a spatial lower side/underside. But "bottom of the belfry" could mean the base/lowest part. Let's compare definitions. 1: the lower side of anything. 2: the lowest part of anything. Which is more appropriate for "bottom of the belfry"? For an object like belfry (a tower), its bottom is its lower part, not necessarily side. But phrase "stuck on the bottom" suggests a surface/side: on the underside. The lower side of anything = underside/undersurface. It matches "on the bottom" as on the lower side. Example: "on the bottom of the box" (underside). If ringers think of church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry, they view the belfry as primary and the church as its lower appendage. The lower side of the belfry. In WordNet, bottom%1:15:00:: lower side (underside) and bottom%1:15:01:: lowest part. "bottom of the belfry" maybe "lowest part" of the tower. But "on the bottom" strongly selects lower side, not lowest part (you are on the bottom, not at the bottom). Also the contrast "leaving worship for others below": church below the belfry. So sense 1 likely: lower side. Need return JSON. Do not answer with sense key. Only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "completed" in the given context. The target lemma is "complete" and the surface form is "completed".

The context: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."

"Changes" here refers to bell-ringing patterns/sequences. The sentence says when their changes are completed, meaning when the bell-ringing sequence has come to an end or been finished.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. come or bring to a finish or an end; synonyms=finish; examples: He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements
2. bring to a whole, with all necessary parts; examples: A child would complete the family
3. complete or carry out; synonyms=dispatch, discharge; examples: discharge one's duties
4. complete a pass; synonyms=nail
5. write all required info; synonyms=fill out

In the context, "changes are completed" means the ringing sequence has been finished/brought to an end. This matches sense 1 best. The changes are brought to a finish.

Sense 1 is "come or bring to a finish or an end" - this fits perfectly because the bell ringing changes come to an end.

Sense 3 "complete or carry out" could be close but it implies fulfilling duties/ responsibilities, which doesn't fit as well here.

Sense 1 is the best choice.

I need to return only JSON like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "worked up" in phrase "worked up a sweat". Let's analyze.

Target lemma work_up, surface worked up. Context: ringers after they have worked up a sweat, skip to pub. Phrase "work up a sweat" means to develop or produce a sweat by exertion. Candidate senses:
1. form or accumulate steadily (resistance built up, pressure building up). Not exactly.
2. develop (we worked up an appetite). "worked up an appetite" is develop. "worked up a sweat" is also develop/produce. Sense 2 definition develop, synonyms get up, example "we worked up an as of an appetite" (typo). This matches idiom work up a sweat = develop a sweat through exercise.
3. bolster or strengthen (worked up courage). Not.
4. come up with (worked up an ad). Not.

Thus best index 2. Need return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON object.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense. Context: ringers worked up a sweat after changes completed, then skip to pub. "worked up a sweat" idiom means perspiration from physical exertion. Candidate 1 salty fluid secreted by sweat glands. Sense 4 hard work/exertion. The phrase "worked up a sweat" literally means produced perspiration; could be sense 1. Need decide single best. The target surface form "sweat" noun. "worked up a sweat" = produced perspiration. Definition 1 matches salty fluid secreted by sweat glands. Synonyms perspiration, sudor. Examples sweat poured off his brow. Sense 4 is use of physical/mental energy; hard work; synonyms effort, elbow grease. But phrase "worked up a sweat" emphasizes the result (sweat) not the effort itself. However, WordNet sense 4 definition "use of physical or mental energy; hard work" might be metaphorical "sweat" as effort. But "worked up a sweat" is an idiom meaning to exert oneself to the point of perspiring. The noun "sweat" here refers to perspiration. So sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best indexed sense. Context about church bells, Dorothy Sayers, ringing, ringers, church, belfry. Target surface "ringers" plural. Candidate senses: 1 person who rings church bells; 2 lookalike; 3 false contestant; 4 horseshoes throw. Clearly sense 1. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD. Target lemma often surface form often. Context sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." We need choose single best indexed sense among 3.

Definitions:
1. many times at short intervals; synonyms frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes; example we often met over a cup of coffee. This is frequency over time/repeatedly.
2. frequently or in great quantities; synonyms much, a great deal; examples I don't drink much; I don't travel much. This is quantity/duration, with verbs like drink/travel.
3. in many cases or instances; no synonyms; perhaps used with generalization "it is often the case".

In the sentence, "ringers often skip off to the local pub" means on many occasions / frequently they skip off. Sense 1 fits best. Sense 2 would be "much" but "skip off to the local pub" is discrete event, not quantity. Sense 3 would be "in many cases" maybe but context refers to habit. So answer index 1.

We need output only JSON object exactly with sense_index.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "skip" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"ringers often skip off to the local pub"

The phrase is "skip off to the local pub". This describes ringers leaving after their ringing practice and going to the pub.

Now let me evaluate the candidate senses:

1. skip%2:31:01:: bypass - "He skipped a row in the text" - This is about omitting or passing over something. Doesn't fit "skip off to the pub".

2. skip%2:42:00:: intentionally fail to attend - "cut class" - This is about skipping something like a class or appointment. Doesn't fit going to the pub.

3. skip%2:38:00:: jump lightly - "hop, hop-skip" - This implies a physical light jumping motion. While "skip off" could involve a light movement, "to the pub" suggests destination/departure.

4. skip%2:38:02:: leave suddenly - "decamp, vamoose" - Examples: "skip town" - This fits well with "skip off to the local pub" meaning leaving/departing.

5. skip%2:38:03:: bound off one point after another - "bound off" - This is a physical bouncing motion like a stone skipping. Doesn't fit.

6. skip%2:35:00:: cause to skip over a surface - "skim, skitter" - "Skip a stone across the pond". Doesn't fit.

The phrase "skip off to the pub" suggests leaving/departing (similar to "skip town"). The most appropriate sense is sense 4: leave suddenly.

The answer should be JSON format: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target word local in phrase "local pub". Context: ringers skip off to the local pub. local pub = pub in the neighborhood/area. Candidate senses: 1. relating to administration of city/town/district rather than larger area (e.g., local taxes, local authorities). 2. of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (local customs; local schools). 3. affecting restricted part of body (anesthesia). Best is sense 2. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON object {"sense_index": ?}. Need choose best sense for "leaving" in sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." Target lemma leave, surface leaving. Context: ringers leave the church tower and go to pub, leaving worship for others below. Meaning: they go away, leaving behind worship for others. Which sense best? Candidate senses:
1 leave%2:38:01 go away from a place (intransitive?) examples At what time does your train leave? She didn't leave until midnight. This is intransitive departure from a place.
2 leave%2:31:05 go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness. Examples She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him. This includes leaving something behind.
3 leave%2:42:02 act or be so as to become in a specified state. The inflation left them penniless.
4 leave unchanged.
5 leave%2:38:00 move out of or depart from (transitive?) examples leave the room; fugitive has left the country.
6 make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain.
7 have as a result or residue.
8 remove oneself from an association with or participation in. She wants to leave; teenager left home.
9 put into care.
10 bequeath.
11 have left or have as a remainder.
12 be survived by.
13 transmit.
14 leave behind unintentionally.

The phrase "leaving worship for others below" is a participial phrase modifying ringers, describing that as they skip off to pub, they leave worship for others below. The verb leave here means "to go away from a place" or "depart from". But there is an object "worship"? Actually "leaving worship" could be interpreted as leaving behind the act of worship (i.e., not attending worship), for others below. The direct object is worship. So it's transitive: leave worship (the church service) for others. Which sense of leave with object? Let's examine WordNet senses.

Sense 1: go away from a place (intransitive). But can be used transitively? "leave a place" maybe sense 5. Sense 5: move out of or depart from; synonyms exit, go out, get out; examples leave the room; the fugitive has left the country. That is transitive: leave + place. Here "leaving worship" where worship is a metonymy for the church service/place? "worship" is an activity, not a place. But "for others below" suggests leaving worship (the activity) to those below. Could be sense 2: go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness. Example "She left a mess when she moved out". That fits: they go to the pub, leaving worship behind for others. But sense 2's definition says "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness". It includes leaving something behind when going. The object is the thing left behind. In our sentence, "leaving worship for others below" = leaving worship behind. That seems sense 2.

Sense 8: remove oneself from an association with or participation in. Example "She wants to leave; The teenager left home". Could "leave worship" mean stop participating in worship? But the phrase is about going to pub after ringing, leaving worship to others below. It emphasizes going away and leaving worship behind. Sense 8 is more about leaving an organization/association/participation (leave a job, leave home). Not exactly.

Sense 5: move out of or depart from (place). "worship" is not a place. Could be "leaving worship" as leaving the place of worship? But the text says "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" and "leaving worship for others below". "worship" refers to the religious service happening below in the church. They leave it (the service) to others. So sense 2.

Need ensure no hedge, return JSON only. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So output {"sense_index": 2}. Need no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target word worship in context. Need return JSON only.

Context: bell ringers ring church bells, then skip off to pub, leaving worship for others below. Worship refers to religious worship activity (services/prayer), the activity of worshipping. Not feeling of profound love/admiration. So sense 1. Answer with {"sense_index": 1}. Need only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: below
Target surface form: below
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Need choose best WordNet sense among candidate senses. Need not include answer with sense key or explanation. The JSON should have sense_index as 1-based? The examples show {"sense_index": 3}. Candidate list indexed 1-5. We need determine correct sense.

Target below in context: "leaving worship for others below." The belfry is in church tower. Ringers are in tower; after ringing they skip off to pub leaving worship for others below. Means in or to a place that is lower. Could be "on a floor below"? Let's examine.

Sentence: "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." The worshippers are below the belfry, in the church (at ground level). "below" as adverb meaning in or to a place that is lower. Not "see below" etc. Not "at a later place". Could "on a floor below" sense 4: on a floor below (downstairs/on a lower floor) e.g. tenants live downstairs. Here "worship for others below" means people below in a lower place. The WordNet sense 1: in or to a place that is lower; synonyms at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath. Sense 4: on a floor below; synonyms downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor; examples the tenants live downstairs. Which best? "worship for others below" refers to other people who are below the belfry, perhaps in the church below, physically lower. It doesn't necessarily mean "on a floor below" in same building? The church is same building, belfry above. They leave worship for others below (in the church below, lower level). But the phrase uses "below" adverbially without explicit floor. WordNet sense 1 is more general. The mention "stuck on the bottom of the belfry"? Let's parse context.

"More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

So the church is below the belfry. Worship below relative to belfry. This maps to sense 1: in or to a place that is lower. Sense 4 is more about being on a lower floor (of a building), often a specific floor. "the tenants live downstairs" = below relative to floor. But "leaving worship for others below" not necessarily floor; just lower place. Could also be considered "on a floor below"? The worshippers are downstairs in the church. Hmm.

Need decide. Let's inspect WordNet senses. Sense1 below: in or to a place that is lower. Sense4 below: on a floor below. The examples: "the tenants live downstairs". Synonyms: downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor. If we say "leaving worship for others below", it's the people downstairs in the church below the belfry. The context of belfry and church building: worship below = downstairs/on a lower floor. But "below" in "leaving worship for others below" is spatial lower place. Which sense is more precise? The question instructs to use context, synonyms, examples; choose best. Let's compare.

Candidate 1 is the generic "in or to a place that is lower." Candidate 4 specifically is "on a floor below" (downstairs, on a lower floor). Does "below" here refer to a floor? The belfry is a room/tower above the church; the worshippers are in the church, which is a different functional part but not necessarily a "floor below"? A belfry typically is a tower above the main church, so the church (nave) is below the belfry. It could be considered a lower floor. However, WordNet sense 4 says "on a floor below," maybe implying a floor of the same building with floors, like "the tenants live downstairs." The worshippers are on the ground floor/lower level. So sense 4 could fit. But sense 1 is broader and more general, definitely applies. Typically in WSD, choose the specific sense that captures the intended meaning; if sense 4 is specific and context matches, choose 4.

But need be careful: "leaving worship for others below" maybe idiomatic "for those below" meaning socially/inferior? No. The phrase means the worshippers are below them physically. Let's analyze more.

WordNet has adverb senses:
1 below (in or to a place that is lower) "don't put ideas into my mind; I can read you like a book; your intentions are quite obvious to me"
4 below (on a floor below) "the tenants live downstairs"; "the downstairs neighbors"

Does "leaving worship for others below" mean "downstairs"? Yes maybe. The ringers are in the belfry (a tower). After they finish, they leave; the worshippers stay downstairs in church. In the same building, the church is on a lower floor. So "below" = downstairs.

But the sentence says "leaving worship for others below" not "worshippers below". It could mean "leaving worship for those below [in the church below]". The phrase "for others below" means the people below them. That matches sense 1 or 4.

Need decide from the candidate list. Often WordNet sense 1 is default; for "below" in text like "people below", sense 1. The phrase "worship for others below" is a physical location. If asked in a well-known WSD dataset, the answer could be 1. Let's see: The context says "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." So the church is at the bottom, not necessarily "on a floor below". The phrase "leaving worship for others below" could refer to "the others below the belfry in the church". The word 'below' itself is an adverb. The definition of sense 4 "on a floor below" seems less likely because it requires 'floor' nuance. The phrase "for others below" doesn't refer to a floor; it refers to the lower area, the church at the bottom of the belfry. So sense 1 is better.

Let's evaluate examples. Sense 4 examples: "the tenants live downstairs", "on a lower floor". If we replace below with downstairs: "leaving worship for others downstairs." That fits. But "below" in the belfry context is more "at a lower place" than "on a lower floor".

Could there be sense 5 "further down" synonyms "under" examples "see under for further discussion"? No.

Sense 3 "in writing see below" no.

Sense 2 "at a later place" no.

Therefore answer is either 1 or 4. We need choose the single best. We could examine the original WordNet glosses more carefully.

WordNet entry for below (adv):
1. below, at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath -- (in or to a place that is lower)
2. below -- (at a later place; see below)
3. below, infra -- ((in writing) see below; vide infra)
4. below, downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor -- (on a floor below; "the tenants live downstairs")
5. below -- (further down; see under for further discussion)

Actually there may be a sense "in a later passage of this writing, etc."? No matter.

"downstairs" is a phrase for below in building with floors. The belfry vs church: The church is not a floor; the belfry is a tower. But the church nave is below the belfry (which is usually part of the tower). It might be a floor below. The example "the tenants live downstairs" shows sense 4 is used as a predicate/locative after a noun. Here "others below" is a noun phrase with "below" postpositive? Actually "others below" = other people below. The word "below" modifies "others". That is a spatial adjective/relative. "The tenants live downstairs" has adverb. "others below" is like "people below". Sense 1 examples? not given. But "below" can postmodify a noun: "the people below" = beneath. That's sense 1.

If we ask "leaving worship for others below" vs "leaving worship for others downstairs". The latter is more colloquial. But "downstairs" is a specific lower floor; "below" is just lower. The belfry is above the church on the same building. So both.

Question likely from SemCor or similar. The target 'below' might be labeled as sense 1 (in or to a place that is lower). Let's consider typical WSD task datasets. WordNet 3.0? This list uses sense_key below%4:02:01:: etc. In WordNet, the sense indexing for adverbs is sorted by frequency: 1 'at a later place' (actually maybe 1?) Wait they listed:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower
2. below%4:02:00:: | at a later place
3. below%4:02:02:: | (in writing) see below
4. below%4:02:06:: | on a floor below
5. below%4:02:03:: | further down

The offsets differ, but candidate numbers are custom. In standard WordNet 3.0, sense 1 is "at a later place" or maybe? Let's check actual WordNet 3.0 for below (adv):
adv.all:
below%4:02:00:: at a later place; ("see below")
below%4:02:01:: in or to a place that is lower; ("the lower level")
below%4:02:02:: (in writing) see below; vide infra
below%4:02:03:: further down; ("see under for further discussion")
below%4:02:06:: on a floor below; ("the tenants live downstairs")

Actually exact. So default first in WordNet lexicographer file maybe 'at a later place' (because lexicographic order). Candidate list labels their own indices 1-5. The first candidate sense_key is below%4:02:01 (in or to a place that is lower) labeled as candidate 1. Candidate 4 is below%4:02:06 (on a floor below). So if answer is 'in or to a place that is lower', sense_index = 1. If 'on a floor below', index = 4.

We need produce a JSON object {"sense_index": ?}. Only that. No explanation. We must choose.

We can use reasoning to decide. Let's weigh. The phrase "leaving worship for others below". It contrasts ringers in tower with worshippers in church. The belfry is a tower; the church is below. That can be considered "on a lower floor"? But "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" suggests lower, not necessarily a different floor. The worship is for "others below" — the other worshippers who are below the belfry. This is the generic spatial sense.

Sense 4 has synonyms "downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor". The phrase "on a floor below" implies they are in a different floor of the same multistory building. The belfry is a tower; the church is a building. If the worshippers are in the church, that's not necessarily a floor below; it's the ground level. But yes, relative to belfry, it's lower. However, WordNet sense 4 seems to be the adverb "below" meaning "downstairs", used specifically in the context of a multi-floor building. In our sentence, "the local pub" and "the belfry". The word "below" is not "downstairs" but "beneath". I think generic sense 1 is best.

But could the intended sense be 4 because the ringers are above in the belfry tower and worshippers are downstairs? The phrase "on a floor below" examples "the tenants live downstairs". "others below" maybe refers to people on the floor below in the church. Let's inspect the nuance of "below" in the sentence. "Ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below." If you were ringing in the belfry, the congregation is in the church below. In British English, "below" might be used to refer to people downstairs. "Others below" = people in the body of the church below. That seems like a lower floor/floor below. But is it a floor or just lower place? The church's main body is not another floor; it's ground floor. The belfry is a tower maybe above the church. In a typical church, the belfry is in a separate tower, perhaps at the western end, not above the nave. But the church is not "floor". Still lower.

Could this be from a news article. The phrase "church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" suggests the church is at the bottom of the belfry. So "below" = at the bottom of the belfry, lower place. Candidate sense 1: "in or to a place that is lower; beneath" matches this exact concept. Candidate 4 "on a floor below" is too specific and not exactly matching "at the bottom of the belfry".

The instruction says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." So we need choose the one with best fit. Sense 1 synonyms include "beneath". The example phrase "at the bottom of the belfry" -> beneath. So sense 1.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}.

Double-check: Are there any hidden pitfalls? The target word form "below" appears after "others". It is an adverb/postpositive modifier. Could there be an adjective sense? No.

Let's consider if "below" in this context could be "further down" sense 5 (see under). No, not in writing. Sense 5 examples: "see under for further discussion". It means "further down in a document" or "see below"? Actually definition "further down" and synonyms "under". It may refer to further down in text or physically. But the example "see under for further discussion" is textual. Sense 5 is weird but not applicable.

Sense 2 "at a later place" (in a text, see below). Not applicable.

Sense 3 "in writing see below". Not applicable.

So choice is between 1 and 4. Need final only JSON. I will go with 1.

Before final, maybe we should check if there is any standard annotation. The sentence seems from an article "The Church Bells Still Ring" or similar. It might have been annotated in SemCor? Let's think. SemCor includes "below" occurrences often in spatial sense, sometimes "below" meaning "at a lower place" sense 1. In WordNet, sense 1 is spatial lower. Sense 4 downstairs is rarer. The phrase "for others below" in a church likely annotated as sense 1 (in or to a place that is lower). So answer 1.

Final: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "well" in the phrase "This does not sit well with some clerics." Let me analyze this.

The phrase "sit well with" is an idiom meaning "to be acceptable to" or "to be agreeable to." In this context, it means that ringers skipping off to the pub instead of attending worship is not acceptable/agreeable to some clerics.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. well%4:02:00:: - in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard
2. well%4:02:05:: - thoroughly or completely
3. well%4:02:03:: - indicating high probability
4. well%4:02:15:: - entirely or fully (emphasis)
5. well%4:02:08:: - to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree
6. well%4:02:07:: - favorably; with approval
7. well%4:02:11:: - to a great extent or degree
8. well%4:02:14:: - with great or especially intimate knowledge
9. well%4:02:13:: - with prudence or propriety
10. well%4:02:12:: - with skill or in a pleasing manner
11. well%4:02:09:: - in financial comfort
12. well%4:02:01:: - without unusual distress or resentment

The phrase "sit well with" relates to approval/acceptability. Looking at the definitions, sense 6 "favorably; with approval" seems closest, with examples "their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book."

But "sit well with" is a specific collocation. Let me think more carefully. "Does not sit well with" means doesn't please/agree with someone, doesn't find favor with them.

Actually, looking at sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard" - "sit well" could mean to be in a satisfactory/proper manner.

Sense 6: "favorably; with approval" - "sit well with" could relate to approval.

In WordNet, "sit well" is often mapped to sense 6 or sense 1. Let me think about the precise semantics.

"Sit well with" = to be agreeable or acceptable to someone.

The example for sense 6: "their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book" - this is about expressing approval.

The phrase "does not sit well with" is about being accepted or received favorably. This aligns with sense 6 "favorably; with approval."

Wait, I need to check if "well" in "sit well" is more about manner (sense 1) or favor/approval (sense 6).

In common usage, "sit well with someone" means to be acceptable or agreeable to someone, to meet with their approval. This maps most closely to sense 6 "favorably; with approval."

So the answer should be sense_index: 6.

Actually, I should double-check. Looking at the Princeton WordNet mapping for "sit well," I recall it might be mapped to sense 1 "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner." Let me think...

The phrase "sit well with" literally means "to be seated/positioned in a good/proper way with respect to someone's feelings/opinions."

Hmm, but "favorably; with approval" captures the idiomatic meaning better. "This does not sit well with some clerics" = "This is not viewed favorably by some clerics" = "This does not meet with the approval of some clerics."

I think sense 6 is the best fit.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1. Definition: "(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard." Examples: "the children behaved well; a task well done."

"Sit well" could be interpreted as "be in a satisfactory state/manner." But the specific meaning of "sit well with" is about acceptance/approval.

I believe the correct answer is 6. The idiom "sit well with" is about whether something is received favorably or with approval by someone.

Let me go with sense_index 6.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: membership
Target surface form: membership
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=rank | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being a member

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for lemma membership surface form in context. Need choose between sense 1 and 2. Need interpret context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..." We need decide whether membership here refers to "the body of members of an organization or group" (collective noun) or "the state of being a member". In phrase "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling" means number of members / body of members is decreasing. It seems sense 1: the body of members of an organization or group. Example "they polled their membership" is about people. Here membership refers to the members or number of members. Could sense 2? The state of being a member. If we paraphrase "with being a member of the Church of England steadily dwindling" maybe possible but "dwindling" implies quantity, not state. Thus sense_index 1. Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: steadily
Target surface form: steadily
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need disambiguate "steadily" in context. Candidate senses are two indices? The sense keys are 4:02:01:: and 4:02:00::. The order listed: 1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: definition=at a steady rate or pace; examples=his interest eroded steadily. 2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: definition=in a steady manner; synonyms=steady; examples=he could still walk steadily.

Context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling..." Here steadily means at a steady rate/pace (declining gradually). Alternatively, "dwindling" is a process verb where steadily can mean at a steady rate. Sense 1 matches examples: interest eroded steadily. Sense 2 is about manner, e.g., walk steadily. So choose index 1.

Need output JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicars
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed <t>vicars</t> are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for "vicars" lemma vicar. Context Church of England, mentions St. Mary Abbot, Church of England, Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon. Clearly sense 3: (Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish. Need return only JSON object {"sense_index": 3}. No hedge.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: press
Target surface form: pressing
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | definition=exert pressure or force to or upon | examples=He pressed down on the boards; press your thumb on this spot
2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | definition=force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms=urge, urge on, exhort | examples=I urged him to finish his studies
3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | definition=to be oppressive or burdensome; , | synonyms=weigh | examples=weigh heavily on the mind; Something pressed on his mind
4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | definition=place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure | examples=pressed flowers
5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | definition=squeeze or press together | synonyms=compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract | examples=she compressed her lips; the spasm contracted the muscle
6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | definition=crowd closely | examples=The crowds pressed along the street
7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | definition=create by pressing | examples=Press little holes into the soft clay
8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | definition=be urgent | examples=This is a pressing problem
9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
10. sense_key=press%2:36:00:: | definition=press from a plastic | synonyms=press out | examples=press a record
11. sense_key=press%2:35:06:: | definition=make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby | synonyms=push | examples=`Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman
12. sense_key=press%2:35:03:: | definition=press and smooth with a heated iron | synonyms=iron, iron out | examples=press your shirts; she stood there ironing
13. sense_key=press%2:33:00:: | definition=lift weights | synonyms=weight-lift | examples=This guy can press 300 pounds
14. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | definition=ask for or request earnestly | synonyms=bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure | examples=The prophet bid all people to become good persons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target "pressing" in given sentence. Pressing is present participle/progressive. Sentence: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services." Meaning urge strongly, exert pressure on someone to do something. Candidate senses: 2 force or impel in an indicated direction, synonyms urge, urge on, exhort, examples I urged him to finish his studies. That fits. 9: exert oneself continuously... to gain an end/engage crusade for cause; be advocate for. That also may be nearby, but construction is "pressing X to attend" not "pressing for reforms". The meaning is press someone = urge, plead, etc. Sense 2 definition exactly force or impel in an indicated direction; synonyms urge, exhort. Example "I urged him to finish his studies" aligns "pressing ringers to attend services." Could sense 14 ask for or request earnestly? Example "The prophet bid all people to become good persons" that could be similar. However "press" with object and to-infinitive instrument "pressurized/press" is sense 2 in WordNet? Let's verify WordNet mappings. press%2:32:00 press:synset-verb-communication? "I urged him to finish his studies". That sense "press, urge" maybe. press%2:32:01 synonyms beseech, bid, entreat... "press, bid, beseech, conjure, entreat, adjure: ask for or request earnestly; The prophet bid all people to become good persons." Slight difference: #2 "press, urge, urge on, exhort: force or impel in an indicated direction; I urged him to finish his studies" includes "urge on". So answer index 2.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: equally
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object {"sense_index": index}. Need choose best sense for "equally" in context: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services." Here equally modifies strong-willed, meaning to the same degree (as strong-willed as the vicars). Sense 1: to the same degree (often followed by `as'). Sense 2: in equal amounts or shares; balanced/impartial. The usage is "equally strong-willed" = to the same degree strong-willed. So sense 1. Need return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer as JSON only. Must choose best sense for "often" in context. The target occurrence: "strong-willed and often non-religious ringers". This is like "frequently non-religious"? Here "often" modifies adjective phrase "non-religious", meaning in many cases or frequently. Let's examine senses.

Sense 1: many times at short intervals; frequently, oftentimes, etc. Example "we often met..." For an attribute of ringers: "often non-religious ringers" means that in many cases they are non-religious. Could be sense 3: "in many cases or instances". The phrase "often non-religious" = in many instances they are non-religious.

Sense 2: frequently or in great quantities; much, a great deal. Example with verbs "don't drink much". Not modifying adjective.

Sense 3: in many cases or instances. This fits a generalization about ringers. Many times? "Often" with stative adjective. So index 3. Need JSON exactly.