[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON only. Need choose best WordNet sense index for "finding" in context. Let's analyze carefully.

Target lemma find, surface form finding. Context: scientific discovery of genes. Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5." They have been searching for gene and are close to discovering it. Which sense of find? Candidate senses:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with. No, they searching.
2. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of. "detect/observe/discover/notice" examples detect lead, found traces. Could "finding another gene" mean discover/existence? Maybe.
3. come upon after searching; find the location of something missed/lost. Syn regain. This includes searching for location of gene? But gene not necessarily lost; they are trying to identify/discover.
4. establish after calculation/investigation etc. determine/ascertain/find out. Could "finding another gene" = determine/ascertain after research. But "find" often used for original discovery not just determination.
5 emotion/feel. No.
6 witness/see. No.
7 get something/somebody for a specific purpose. No.
8 make a discovery, make a new finding. Syn discover. Examples Roentgen discovered X-rays; physicists found new elementary particle. This directly maps: White/Bodmer close to finding another gene = make a new discovery in science.
9 make a discovery (She found that he had lied). This is epistemic discovery of a fact, not a new entity. The object is "another gene" (an entity), so sense 8 better.
10 obtain through effort/management. Maybe but not scientific discovery.
11 decide/declare.
12 receive treatment.
13 perceive oneself in condition.
14 get/find back/recover.
15 arrow found mark.
16 find oneself.

Need decide between 2 and 8, maybe 4. WordNet sense 8: find%2:36:00 make a discovery, make a new finding (hypernym? "find" under creation? It says syn discover, examples Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle). Discover here means "make a discovery; make a new finding" not just discover a fact. Since object is "another gene" involved in colon cancer (a scientific discovery), likely sense 8. However "find" with gerund "finding" could simply be "discovering" as finding a gene. Sense 2 is find%2:39:02 detect/discover/notice existence presence. In WordNet, "discover" is also a synonym of sense 2? Wait sense 2 definition: discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of; synonyms detect, observe, discover, notice. Examples She detected high levels, We found traces of lead. Sense 2 is about detecting presence of something existing. Sense 8 is about making a discovery (new finding). The gene "another gene" is presumably previously unknown/new gene. But "finding" in the context of tumor suppressor gene research, close to finding = isolating/identifying it. This is definitely "make a discovery, make a new finding." Sense 8.

Let's ensure no subtlety: Some WSD systems annotate "find out" ascertain as sense 4 when the subject researches. The clause "close to finding another gene" could be like "succeed in discovering by searching." But wordnet find sense 8 specifically: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with object maybe a thing; examples include "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle." So yes answer index 8.

Need respond only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 8}. Ensure no markdown.

provider: Parasail


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "involved" in context: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5." This is about gene associated/connected by participation or association or use in colon cancer. Sense 1 fits. Other senses: encumbered/mired, emotionally involved, complex, enclosed. Not. So index 1. Need output exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Cloudflare

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD. Target lemma type, surface types. Context: ... some types of colon cancer. Meaning kinds/categories. Candidate sense 1: subdivision of a particular kind of thing, example what type of sculpture do you prefer? This fits "some types of colon cancer" = kinds. Sense 3 biology taxonomic group whose characteristics define next higher taxon; not ideal because colon cancer types are not taxonomic groups but subtypes. Sense 1 general category. So choose index 1. Must output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: believe
Target surface form: believes
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=believe%2:31:00:: | definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report; We didn't believe his stories from the War
2. sense_key=believe%2:31:04:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=think, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
3. sense_key=believe%2:31:03:: | definition=be confident about something | synonyms=trust | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. sense_key=believe%2:31:01:: | definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. sense_key=believe%2:31:02:: | definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man; Should we believe a publication like the National Enquirer?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense for "believes" in context. Let's analyze.

Target: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

Candidate senses:
1 accept as true; take to be true. Examples: I believed his report.
2 judge or regard; look upon; judge. synonyms think, consider, conceive. Examples: I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart.
3 be confident about something; trust. Examples: I believe that he will come back from the war.
4 follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer.
5 credit with veracity. Examples: You cannot believe this man.

We need choose best. The sentence: Dr. Minna believes [proposition]. This is a scientist holding an opinion/judgment based on evidence. Sense 2 "judge or regard; look upon; judge" with synonyms think, consider, conceive seems appropriate: "I believe her to be very smart" structure believe + NP + to be. But here believe + clause "people who inherit ... are especially prone". Sense 1 accept as true; take to be true: "I believed his report". Sense 3 be confident about something: "I believe that he will come back". In WSD, believe%2:31:04 is "judge or regard; look upon; judge" with examples "I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart". This sense often corresponds to "believe" with propositional content as opinion. Sense 1 accept as true maybe more about accepting truth of report/story. Sense 3 be confident about something maybe confidence/trust. The context: Dr. Minna's scientific belief/hypothesis. It is a judgment. So sense 2 likely.

Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer only JSON. We need do WSD for target lemma people, surface form "people" in sentence. Context: Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.
Candidate senses:
1. (plural) any group of human beings collectively: old people; there were at least 200 people in audience.
2. body of citizens of a state/country; citizenry; the Spanish people.
3. members of a family line; his people have been farmers...
4. common people generally; masses.
We need choose best. The usage here is generic human beings, "people who inherit a defective gene" = any group of human beings collectively. Not citizens, not family line, not masses. So sense_index:1.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherit
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target inherit in context about defective gene on chromosome 3, genetic transmission. Candidate 1 obtain after death, 2 receive from predecessor, 3 receive by genetic transmission. The context clearly genetic. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 3}. No extra. Ensure only JSON.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best WordNet sense for the word "copies" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word "copies" appears in: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

Here, "copies" refers to the two homologous chromosomes (chromosome 3) that a person inherits - one from each parent. In genetics, humans have two copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father.

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. copy%1:10:00:: - a reproduction of a written record (e.g., of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
   - This is about written records, transcripts. Not applicable here.

2. copy%1:06:00:: - a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
   - Examples: she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
   - This refers to a duplicate/replica of something. In genetics, chromosomes come in pairs where one is a homolog of the other. The two copies of chromosome 3 are similar/identical structures. This seems applicable.

3. copy%1:10:01:: - matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
   - This is about text for printing. Not applicable.

4. copy%1:10:02:: - material suitable for a journalistic account
   - Example: catastrophes make good copy
   - This is about news material. Not applicable.

The best sense is sense 2: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. In biological/genetic context, "copies" of chromosomes refers to the paired homologous chromosomes that are similar to each other.

The answer should be JSON format: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense index for 'especially' in context. Let's analyze. Sentence: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer." Here especially modifies prone, meaning to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common. Sense 1 definition: to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common; synonyms particularly, peculiarly, specially. Sense 2: in a special manner; examples a specially arranged dinner. Context is degree/intensifier, not manner. So index 1. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reported
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose sense index for reported in context. Target lemma report, surface reported. Context: scientists reports, discoveries; "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved..." This is announcing/disseminating findings, likely sense 2: announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding. Let's analyze each.

1 report describe/account in words - could work but more general. Here actual scientific reporting (publish finding), sense 2 examples: "Dozens of incidents ... are reported daily; The team reported significant advances in their research". The context explicitly about research team reporting scientific result. So sense_index 2.

Need answer only JSON no explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "involved" in a specific context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target sentence is: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."

The context is about cancer genetics, tumor-suppressor genes, and how certain genes are connected to or associated with different types of cancers.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. involved%3:00:00:: - "connected by participation or association or use" - examples: "we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved"; "the problems involved"
2. involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 - "entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire" - synonyms=mired
3. involved%5:00:00:attached:01 - "emotionally involved"
4. involved%5:00:00:complex:00 - "highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious" - synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous
5. involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 - "enveloped" - examples: "a castle involved in mist"

In the context, "the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers" means the gene is connected to or associated with lung cancers - it plays a role in or is related to the development of these cancers. This is clearly sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use."

The other senses don't fit:
- Sense 2 (mired/entangled) doesn't work for a gene in a disease in this scientific context.
- Sense 3 (emotionally involved) doesn't apply to a gene.
- Sense 4 (complex) doesn't fit grammatically or semantically.
- Sense 5 (enveloped) could technically mean surrounded, but in this context, the gene isn't being physically enveloped by cancer; it's causally or associatively connected.

Sense 1 is the best fit. The answer should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Let's reason. Target lemma "other", context phrase: "some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too." Here "other" modifies "more common cancers" meaning additional/cancers not previously mentioned in that list? It means not the same ones already mentioned or implied (lung cancers, colon etc). Sense 1: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. Examples: highways and other public works. Fits. Sense 2 recently past: not. Sense 3 distant past: not. Sense 4 strange: not. So index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense. Target word 'more' appears in 'several other more common cancers, too'. Need parse. The phrase 'more common' uses more as adverb forming comparative? In 'more common cancers', 'more' modifies adjective 'common'. Which WordNet sense? The provided candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: definition=used to form comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful.
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should.
We need choose single best. 'more common': more modifies common adjective, forming the comparative of an adjective, exactly sense 1. Sense 2 is comparative of much as adverb modifying verb/degree. Sense 1 is for forming comparative of adjectives (gradable adjectives with more). Yes.
Return JSON exact shape {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "common" in sentence: "the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too." It means cancers that are frequently encountered/widespread. Candidate senses: 2 definition "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". examples "the common man; a common sailor". 4 definition "commonly encountered" synonyms usual, example "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting". 9 "to be expected; standard" examples common decency. Sense 2 adjective satellite? Actually common%3:00:01:: is adjective core? 4 is satellite? We need choose single best. Here "more common cancers" means cancers occurring frequently / prevalent. Sense 2: widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual. The phrase "common cancers" likely means types of cancer that are encountered often, i.e., usual. Sense 4 is "commonly encountered" synonyms usual. This is very close, maybe more precise. However WordNet distinguishes core sense 2 as "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" and satellite 4 as "commonly encountered" derived from familiar? The target is modifying "cancers" as types frequently seen. Which indexed sense? Let's inspect candidate list includes sense keys. common%5:00:00:familiar:02 is satellite adj, definition "commonly encountered" synonyms usual. common%3:00:01:: is core. In WordNet, "common" has senses: 1 belonging to... community as a whole. 2 having no special distinction... commonly encountered, average, ordinary, usual. 3 common to or shared by two or more parties. 4 commonly encountered. 5 of low... 6 etc. Actually the example for sense 2 includes "a common sailor"; sense 4 includes "a common complaint". The phrase "common cancers" is similar to "common complaint" => sense 4? But "common cancers" could be cancers that are widespread/popular. The distinction between sense 2 and 4 is subtle. Let's examine WordNet definitions.

WordNet 3.1 for common (adjective):
S: (adj) common (belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public) ...
S: (adj) common (having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual) "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
S: (adj) common, mutual (common to or shared by two or more parties) "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor"
S: (adj) common, usual (commonly encountered) "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting"
S: (adj) common, vernacular, vulgar (being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language) "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vulgar and excellent dynamic language"; "the technical and vulgar names for an animal species"
...
S: (adj) common, plebeian, vulgar, unwashed (of or associated with the great masses of people) ...
S: (adj) coarse, common (of low or inferior quality or value; "of what coarse metal ye are molded"; "produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population")
S: (adj) coarse, common, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar (lacking refinement or cultivation or taste) ...
S: (adj) common (to be expected; standard) "common decency"

Sense 4 is "commonly encountered". But sense 2 also includes "commonly encountered". The difference? Sense 4 specifically "common, usual" as subordinate sense of familiar (similar to familiar? key common%5:00:00:familiar:02 means it's similar to familiar sense 2). It is a satellite of "familiar". In usage "common complaint" means often experienced/knowable. Sense 2 more general: "having no special distinction; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". The phrase "more common cancers" means cancers with higher incidence/prevalence. Could map to sense 2 or 4. In WordNet, "common cancers" perhaps would be annotated as sense 2? Let's consider examples: "common cold", "common housefly" in sense 2. These are common things. "common complaint" sense 4. Cancers are types of diseases; "common disease" in WordNet? Might be sense 2 (common cold). The phrase "common cancers" is not idiomatic "commonly encountered"? Let's determine using context. The sentence compares some lung cancers with several other more common cancers. It means cancers that occur more frequently (common types). Not ordinary/average? It is close to "widespread/often encountered". The synonyms for sense 2 include "usual" too. Definition includes "average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4 more narrowly "commonly encountered" with synonym "usual". Which is best? The instructions: choose best indexed sense. We need not hedge. Usually SemEval mapping for "common" in this context might be common%3:00:01:: (sense 2). Let me think from dataset? This passage seems from a text about cancer genes, maybe from SemCor or WordNet sense tagged corpus. The target word "common" appears in "several other more common cancers". The likely WordNet sense tagging could be common%3:00:01:: or common%5:00:00:familiar:02. We need decide.

Let's analyze semantics more deeply. Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". This sense applies to entities that are not special/distinguished. If something is common (more common), it means it occurs frequently. This maps to "commonly encountered" which is sense 4. But WordNet often distinguishes generic 'common' as not special vs. 'frequently encountered'. Actually example sense 2: "the common man", "a common sailor", "the common cold", "a common nuisance", "followed common procedure", "common knowledge", "common housefly", "common brand of soap". These all mean ordinary/standard/widespread. Sense 4 examples: "a common complaint"; "the usual greeting". It's similar but perhaps more about frequency/habitual occurrence. Which is better for "cancers"? "Cancer" is not a greeting or complaint; it's a disease type. In WordNet, the phrase "common cancers" probably maps to sense 2, because common diseases like "common cold". But "common complaint" could also be disease-related.

Let's look at WordNet mapping of adjective satellites. common%5:00:00:familiar:02 means similar to familiar#2 (familiar#2: "within normal everyday experience; common and ordinary; not strange"; "familiar ordinary objects found in every home"; "a familiar everyday scene"). Actually common as satellite of familiar#2: "commonly encountered". So sense 4 implies "familiar; not strange; everyday". It would apply to "common complaint", "usual greeting". "Common cancers" are not necessarily within everyday experience, but medical frequency. Sense 2 better.

Also possible sense 9: "to be expected; standard" "common decency". No.

Sense 3: shared by parties. No.

Thus likely sense 2 (index 2). The instruction: Return JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Need ensure index matches candidate list ordering (1-9). Yes.

Let's final answer with only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON sense_index. Target lemma cancer, surface cancers, context medical. Clearly sense 1: malignant growth. Other are astrology/constellation/zoology. So choose index 1. Need only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no hedging.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "discoveries" in the given context. I need to choose the single best sense from the candidate senses provided.

Let me analyze the context:

"Where these <t>discoveries</t> will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies... are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies."

The target word is "discoveries" (plural of discovery). The context is about scientific/medical discoveries of genes involved in cancer.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Sense 4 is clearly legal and not relevant here.

Now, sense 1 is the act/process of discovering. Sense 2 is something that is discovered. Sense 3 is a productive insight/breakthrough.

In the sentence "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate," what does "discoveries" refer to? It's referring to the findings/genes that have been discovered - the things that are discovered (sense 2).

Also, "anticipated cascade of discoveries" - this refers to future findings/things that will be discovered.

However, "discoveries" could also refer to the act of discovering. But in context, "Where these discoveries will lead" - these discoveries (the things found) will lead somewhere. "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests" - turning the things discovered into tests.

Wait - "cascade of discoveries" - is this referring to acts of discovery or discovered things? A cascade suggests a series of events/actions, which might lean toward sense 1. But "turn discoveries into tests" suggests concrete things that are discovered.

Actually, in scientific contexts, "discoveries" often refers to things that are discovered (findings). "These discoveries" are the gene findings mentioned in the text.

Let me think about sense 3: "a productive insight" - synonyms breakthrough, find. This is a more abstract/cognitive sense. A discovery that is a breakthrough. But here we have multiple discoveries, referring to gene findings.

I think sense 2 ("something that is discovered") is the best fit. The discoveries are concrete findings - specific genes and their roles in cancer.

But wait, let me reconsider sense 1. "the act of discovering something" - "Where these discoveries will lead" could mean where the act/act of discovering will lead. But that seems less natural. The discoveries themselves (the findings) will lead to new tests and therapies.

Also, in WordNet:
- discovery%1:04:00:: (noun.act) - the act of discovering something. Example: "the discovery of argon"
- discovery%1:10:00:: (noun.cognition? No, noun.communication? Let me recall.) - something that is discovered
- discovery%1:09:00:: - a productive insight, breakthrough

Looking at examples of usage:
- "a discovery favorable to" - this might be sense 2
- "they would rush out their latest discoveries" - sense 2

In our context: "Where these discoveries will lead" - this is like "where these findings will lead", which maps to sense 2 (something that is discovered).

"anticipated cascade of discoveries" - future findings, also sense 2.

So the answer should be sense index 2.

Let me double-check. Sense 1 synonyms: find, uncovering. "uncovering" suggests the process. Sense 3 synonyms: breakthrough, find. "breakthrough" suggests a major insight. Sense 2 just "something that is discovered".

The text mentions specific gene identifications: tumor-suppressor genes on chromosomes, retinoblastoma suppressor gene. These are specific scientific findings - things discovered. "These discoveries" refers back to these specific findings.

Yes, sense 2 is best.

Actually, I want to be careful. Let me think about whether "discoveries" in "Where these discoveries will lead" could refer to the cognitive insights (sense 3). The phrase "Where these discoveries will lead" treats the discoveries as entities that can lead somewhere. This is consistent with sense 2 (things discovered) and sense 3 (breakthroughs).

But "turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests" - you can turn a thing that is discovered into a test (e.g., a gene into a test), but you don't exactly turn a breakthrough into a test. And an "act of discovering" isn't turned into a test.

So sense 2 seems strongest.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can <t>only</t> speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for "only" in sentence: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate." Let's analyze.

Candidate senses:
1. definition "and nothing more" synonyms merely, simply, just, but. Examples "I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time". This sense used when only modifies a verb to mean "nothing more than", "merely". "scientists can only speculate" = scientists can merely speculate, they can do nothing more. Fits sense 1? Actually WSD for "only" adverb. In WordNet, sense 4:02:02 named "and nothing more". Important: "only" sense 4:02:02 maybe adv: with the meaning 'with no one or nothing else besides; solely' or 'and nothing more'. Let's not confuse. Candidate 2 definition "without any others being included or involved" synonyms entirely, exclusively, solely, alone. Examples "was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children". This often modifies nouns or participles? "only scientists can speculate" would be exclusive. Here "only speculate" modifies verb, not exclusive among options but limitation of extent.

Candidate 3 "with nevertheless the final result": arrived only to find his wife dead. Different.
Candidate 4 "in the final outcome": these news will only make you more upset.
Candidate 5 "except that".
Candidate 6 "never except when".
Candidate 7 "as recently as".

So best is sense 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: speculate
Target surface form: speculate
Context:
At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only <t>speculate</t>. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=speculate%2:31:01:: | definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | synonyms=theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
2. sense_key=speculate%2:32:00:: | definition=talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion | examples=We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal
3. sense_key=speculate%2:31:00:: | definition=reflect deeply on a subject | synonyms=chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate | examples=I mulled over the events of the afternoon; philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years
4. sense_key=speculate%2:40:00:: | definition=invest at a risk | synonyms=job | examples=I bought this house not because I want to live in it but to sell it later at a good price, so I am speculating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation. Target: speculate in sentence "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate." We need choose single best indexed sense among 4. Let's analyze.

Sense 1: believe especially on uncertain/tentative grounds; synonyms theorize, conjecture, hypothesize. Example Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps. This is forming a theory/conjecture about something uncertain.

Sense 2: talk over conjecturally, or review in idle/casual way with element of doubt; example "We were speculating whether the President had to resign". This is discuss possibilities without sufficient reason. It can be talk.

Sense 3: reflect deeply on a subject; synonyms chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, contemplate. Examples: philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years.

Sense 4: invest at risk. Not relevant.

Context: "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate." It's about what will happen in future, uncertain. Not necessarily "reflect deeply" (meditate/ponder) on a subject; more like make conjectures/theorize about future. The sentence is about scientists can only guess/conjecture. It could be sense 1 (theorize, hypothesize on uncertain grounds) or sense 2 (talk over conjecturally with doubt). Intransitive use "speculate" with adverb/preposition? "Where ... will lead, scientists can only speculate." We say "scientists can only speculate" meaning they can only form conjectures; sense 1 often takes that-clause or about. Sense 2 often used "speculate whether/if/about", and suggests discussing or considering possibilities. WordNet sense 2 is "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion." Example: "We were speculating whether the President had to resign". This is very close: scientists can only speculate where discoveries will lead. Sense 1 definition: "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds" example "Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps". That is more holding a belief/hypothesis. In "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate", not necessarily believe a specific hypothesis, but consider possibilities without enough evidence. The phrase "can only speculate" is idiomatic for sense 2? Let's see WordNet. Actually WordNet 3.1 has:
speculate v1 (cognition) "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; 'Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps'" syn: theorize, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate.
v2 (communication) "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion; 'We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal'"
v3 (cognition) "reflect deeply on a subject; 'I mulled over the events of the afternoon'; 'philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years'"; syn: chew over, think over, meditate, ponder, excogitate, contemplate, muse, mull, mull over, ruminate.
v4 (possession) invest at a risk.

In usage, "Scientists can only speculate where these discoveries will lead" is intransitive with an embedded question; this is sense 2? WordNet sense 2 specifically "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way ..." Subcategorization may include whether-clause. Sense 1 subcat: that-clause; believe/think. But here "can only speculate" without object? Actually "Where these discoveries will lead" is the complement; it's an indirect question. That fits "speculate whether/where" as sense 2, "talk over conjecturally". However, dictionaries also use "speculate that" as sense 1. The phrase "where these discoveries will lead" indicates considering future possibilities; not holding a belief. The subject "scientists" collectively are engaged in making conjectures. The example for sense 2 is similar ("speculating whether the President had to resign"). So likely sense 2 is best.

But sometimes "speculate" in "Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate" could be sense 1 "theorize/conjecture". Let's scrutinize.

Task: "fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." The candidate senses definitions and examples. We need choose single best indexed sense. We should not answer with key, only JSON object like {"sense_index": 2}. We need decide between 1 and 2. Let's parse.

"Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate." It is an open question: no one knows future outcomes; they can only guess. In WordNet sense 1, "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds" - if they speculate, they believe (or hypothesize) something. But the sentence doesn't say they believe a specific proposition; it says the only thing possible is to speculate. In sense 2, "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way and with an element of doubt or without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion" - they can only review possibilities conjecturally. This fits "Where these discoveries will lead" = review the possible outcomes. The example: "We were speculating whether the President had to resign after the scandal" also indirect question. So sense 2 is the best match.

Could sense 3 fit? "reflect deeply on a subject". But "can only speculate" about future doesn't imply deep reflection/meditation; more about guessing. Synonyms: theorize/conjecture vs meditate/ponder. The context of scientific discoveries and future predictions leans to conjecture not meditation. So not 3.

Sense 4 not.

Thus answer: sense_index 2.

But let's be thorough: There is subtlety. In WordNet, sense 2 is categorized under communication, "talk over conjecturally". The sentence "scientists can only speculate" doesn't explicitly mean talking to each other, but they are making conjectures. However, the complement clause "where these discoveries will lead" indicates talking over possibilities. The example includes whether clause. It might be communication but could be internal dialogue. WordNet definition includes "talk over conjecturally, or review in an idle or casual way..." The word "review" can be mental.

Sense 1 is more like "to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds". If the usage were "Some scientists speculate that the gene may lead to a cure", then sense 1. Here it's "where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate" (intransitive with wh-complement). I think WordNet maps that to sense 2. The gloss of sense 2 includes "without sufficient reason to reach a conclusion". Yes.

Return JSON only. Ensure exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: major
Target surface form: major
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two <t>major</t> pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=major%3:00:06:: | definition=of greater importance or stature or rank | examples=a major artist; a major role
2. sense_key=major%3:00:02:: | definition=greater in scope or effect | examples=a major contribution; a major improvement
3. sense_key=major%3:00:01:: | definition=greater in number or size or amount | examples=a major portion (a majority) of the population; Ursa Major
4. sense_key=major%3:00:05:: | definition=of the field of academic study in which one concentrates or specializes | examples=his major field was mathematics
5. sense_key=major%3:00:04:: | definition=of a scale or mode | examples=major scales; the key of D major
6. sense_key=major%3:00:07:: | definition=of greater seriousness or danger | examples=a major earthquake; a major hurricane
7. sense_key=major%3:00:03:: | definition=of full legal age
8. sense_key=major%5:00:00:senior:00 | definition=of the elder of two boys with the same family name | examples=Jones major

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "major" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the 8 candidates.

Context: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters..."

The word "major" here modifies "pharmaceutical companies". It means important/large/significant pharmaceutical companies.

Let me analyze the candidates:
1. major%3:00:06:: - of greater importance or stature or rank (a major artist; a major role)
2. major%3:00:02:: - greater in scope or effect (a major contribution; a major improvement)
3. major%3:00:01:: - greater in number or size or amount (a major portion)
4. major%3:00:05:: - academic field
5. major%3:00:04:: - musical scale
6. major%3:00:07:: - of greater seriousness or danger
7. major%3:00:03:: - of full legal age
8. major%5:00:00:senior:00 - elder of two boys

For "major pharmaceutical companies":
- Could be sense 1 (importance, stature, rank)
- Could be sense 2 (scope or effect)
- Could be sense 3 (size or amount)

The phrase "major pharmaceutical companies" typically means large/important companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The sense of "greater importance or stature or rank" seems most appropriate for describing companies of high standing/importance.

However, "major" when describing companies can also relate to size (sense 3: greater in number or size or amount). Let me think carefully.

In WordNet, sense 1 is "of greater importance or stature or rank" with examples "a major artist; a major role". A "major pharmaceutical company" seems closer to "a major artist" in the sense of being important/having stature in its field.

Sense 2 "greater in scope or effect" with examples "a major contribution; a major improvement" - this is about impact.

Sense 3 "greater in number or size or amount" - this is quantitative.

I think for "major pharmaceutical companies", sense 1 is the best fit because it refers to importance/stature/rank in the industry. Pharmaceutical companies being "major" refers to their importance and standing in the field.

Actually, looking at typical usage and the disambiguation, "major companies" often means large, important companies. The distinction between sense 1 (importance/stature/rank) and sense 3 (size/amount) is subtle.

I believe sense 1 is most appropriate: "of greater importance or stature or rank" because pharmaceutical companies are major in terms of their industry stature/importance.

The answer should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: unit
Target surface form: unit
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=unit%1:23:00:: | definition=any division of quantity accepted as a standard of measurement or exchange | synonyms=unit of measurement | examples=the dollar is the United States unit of currency; a unit of wheat is a bushel
2. sense_key=unit%1:24:00:: | definition=an individual or group or structure or other entity regarded as a structural or functional constituent of a whole | examples=the reduced the number of units and installations; the word is a basic linguistic unit
3. sense_key=unit%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization regarded as part of a larger social group | synonyms=social unit | examples=the coach said the offensive unit did a good job; after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit
4. sense_key=unit%1:09:00:: | definition=a single undivided whole | examples=an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another
5. sense_key=unit%1:17:00:: | definition=a single undivided natural thing occurring in the composition of something else | synonyms=building block | examples=units of nucleic acids
6. sense_key=unit%1:03:00:: | definition=an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity | synonyms=whole | examples=how big is that part compared to the whole?; the team is a unit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD for lemma unit, target surface form "unit" in sentence. Need choose best indexed sense among 6 candidate senses. Instructions: return only JSON {"sense_index": 3} (with actual index). Need not answer with sense key. We need think carefully.

Context: "Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb <t>unit</t> of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating..."

Here "Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co." refers to a business unit/division of a larger company. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. has a Squibb unit. The word "unit" meaning an organization regarded as part of a larger social group. Candidate 3: sense_key=unit%1:14:00:: definition=an organization regarded as part of a larger social group; synonyms=social unit; examples coach said offensive unit, soldier rejoining unit.

This fits: Squibb unit is a corporate division, an organization that is part of a larger company. Candidate 6: an assemblage of parts regarded as a single entity (whole). Not right. Candidate 2: structural or functional constituent of a whole. Could be used generically, but in business context a "unit" as a part of a company is an organization/social unit. WordNet has sense 3 for that. In WordNet, unit%1:14:00:: "an organization regarded as part of a larger social group". Synset examples: "the coach said the offensive unit did a good job"; "after the battle the soldier had trouble rejoining his unit". Business unit fits: an organization within a larger group. So answer index 3.

Need output only JSON. Ensure format exactly {"sense_index": 3}. No extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: collaborate
Target surface form: collaborating
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are <t>collaborating</t> with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:00:: | definition=work together on a common enterprise of project | synonyms=join forces, cooperate, get together | examples=The soprano and the pianist did not get together very well; We joined forces with another research group
2. sense_key=collaborate%2:41:01:: | definition=cooperate as a traitor | examples=he collaborated with the Nazis when they occupied Paris

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need respond with JSON object only. The target is "collaborating" used in pharma companies collaborating with gene hunters to develop predictive tests and therapies. This is working together on common enterprise/project, not traitor cooperation. So sense_index: 1.

Need ensure no extra text, only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hunter
Target surface form: hunters
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer. Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too. Where these discoveries will lead, scientists can only speculate. Already two major pharmaceutical companies, the Squibb unit of Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., are collaborating with gene <t>hunters</t> to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries into predictive tests and, maybe, new therapies. Some researchers say new cancer drugs to slow or reverse tumor growth may be based on the suppressor proteins normally produced by the genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hunter%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who hunts game | synonyms=huntsman
2. sense_key=hunter%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who searches for something | examples=a treasure hunter
3. sense_key=hunter%1:17:00:: | definition=a constellation on the equator to the east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel | synonyms=Orion
4. sense_key=hunter%1:06:00:: | definition=a watch with a hinged metal lid to protect the crystal | synonyms=hunting watch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need provide JSON with sense_index. Need choose among 1-4. Context: " Already two major pharmaceutical companies ... are collaborating with gene hunters to turn the anticipated cascade of discoveries..." Target lemma hunter, surface hunters. Here "gene hunters" means people who search for genes, researchers. Definition 2: a person who searches for something; examples: a treasure hunter. This fits gene hunters. Not someone who hunts game. So answer {"sense_index": 2}. Need no extra text.{"sense_index": 2} Done.