[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confusing
Target surface form: confusing
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a <t>confusing</t> variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confusing%5:00:00:disorienting:00 | definition=causing confusion or disorientation | examples=a confusing jumble of road signs; being hospitalized can be confusing and distressing for a small child
2. sense_key=confusing%5:00:00:unclear:00 | definition=lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity | synonyms=perplexing, puzzling | examples=sent confusing signals to Iraq; perplexing to someone who knew nothing about it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need output only JSON with sense_index. Choose single best. Context: "confusing variety of genetic deletions". It means a variety that is bewildering/disorienting? Compare sense 1: causing confusion or disorientation. sense 2: lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity, synonyms perplexing, puzzling. The phrase "confusing variety" means hard to make sense of, perplexing, puzzling. Sense 2 examples: "sent confusing signals" (ambiguous/lack clarity), perplexing. Sense 1 examples: confusing jumble of road signs; hospital can be confusing and distressing (disorienting experience). Here a variety of deletions causing confusion to researchers, coherent picture emerged from confusion. Could be either, but sense 2 synonyms perplexing/puzzling fit well. However sense 1 is broader causing confusion. Which is the best? Let's examine WordNet: Confusing adjective has two senses: 1 causing confusion or disorientation; 2 lacking clarity of meaning; causing confusion or perplexity. The usage "confusing variety of genetic deletions" means the variety was hard to understand, causing confusion. Both fit. But typical WSD dataset? The target sentence from WSJ maybe. Let's recall. In SemCor/WordNet mapping, "confusing" sense labels? Might be 1? We need decide. Let's parse semantics. The deletions are confusing because variety lacks clear pattern, not because disorienting environment. The researchers were frustrated; variety is confusing (perplexing). Sense 2 synonyms include puzzling. This is more precise: a confusing variety = a puzzling/perplexing variety. Sense 1 includes disorientation. I'd choose 2.

Need only JSON exact. Ensure no explanation.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: variety
Target surface form: variety
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing <t>variety</t> of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=variety%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection containing a variety of sorts of things | synonyms=assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany, miscellanea, salmagundi | examples=a great assortment of cars was on display; he had a variety of disorders
2. sense_key=variety%1:07:00:: | definition=noticeable heterogeneity | synonyms=diverseness, diversity, multifariousness | examples=a diversity of possibilities; the range and variety of his work is amazing
3. sense_key=variety%1:14:00:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics | examples=varieties are frequently recognized in botany
4. sense_key=variety%1:10:00:: | definition=a show consisting of a series of short unrelated performances | synonyms=variety show
5. sense_key=variety%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, form | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
6. sense_key=variety%1:07:01:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=change | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need answer as JSON only. Need determine best WordNet sense for "variety" in context: "uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions". Definitions. Let's analyze.

Target phrase "a confusing variety of genetic deletions". This is similar to "a variety of disorders" sense 1 collection containing a variety of sorts of things. But sense 1 examples: "a great assortment of cars was on display; he had a variety of disorders". In those, variety means assortment/collection of different sorts. The context: "a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both..." This emphasizes many different kinds/types of deletions, heterogeneity. Could be sense 2 "noticeable heterogeneity; diversity, multifariousness". Examples: "a diversity of possibilities; the range and variety of his work is amazing". But phrase "a variety of genetic deletions" is syntactically: variety of + plural noun. WordNet sense 1 and 5 maybe. Let's examine sense 5: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; kind, sort, form". Usually in phrases like "what variety of apple is this?" or "a new variety of corn"? Actually sense 5 includes "kind", so "a variety of X" could mean a type of X? But more specifically variety as kind/sort, not "a variety of" as plural. Example: "sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?" Not "a variety of". Sense 1's example explicitly "he had a variety of disorders". That seems exact.

But sense 2's example: "the range and variety of his work is amazing" where variety is a mass noun of diversity, not "a variety of". Context "a confusing variety of genetic deletions" – is it an assortment (a collection of different sorts) or heterogeneity/diversity? The phrase is count: "a confusing variety". Sense 1 definition: a collection containing a variety of sorts of things. Wait its definition uses "a variety of sorts of things" meta-circular. But synonyms: assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany. It means an assorted collection. In context they uncovered many different deletions (an assortment). Sense 2 synonyms diverseness, diversity, multifariousness; definition "noticeable heterogeneity". This is more abstract quality of being varied/diverse. Example "a diversity of possibilities". Could "a confusing variety of genetic deletions" be a "diversity of genetic deletions"? Yes. But the phrase "variety of deletions" is ambiguous between an assorted group and a diverse range. WordNet distinguishes sense 1 (collection of different sorts) and sense 2 (heterogeneity). Which is more appropriate when the target is count noun with "a ... variety of"? The first sense examples include "a great assortment of cars was on display; he had a variety of disorders". The second includes "the range and variety of his work is amazing", "a diversity of possibilities". The phrase "a confusing variety" is closest to "he had a variety of disorders". So sense 1 likely.

But also sense 3 biology taxonomic category. Not relevant: genetic deletions aren't biological variety taxonomic.

Sense 4 entertainment no.

Sense 5 kind/sort: if phrase "a variety of genetic deletion" singular maybe, but plural and "confusing" suggests many different kinds. Could use "various kinds". But WordNet's sense 5 examples are with singular categories. "what kinds of desserts are there?" Not "a variety of".

Sense 6 "a difference that is usually pleasant; change". Not relevant.

Need return JSON with sense_index. The instructions: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So choose the index number from candidate senses list (1-indexed). Need decide 1 vs 2.

Let's consider fine-grained WSD with glosses. Sense 1: "a collection containing a variety of sorts of things". It's a collection. Sense 2: "noticeable heterogeneity". In context, "uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions" – they are uncovering not a collection but a diversity/heterogeneity of deletions. However "collection" is also plausible because the deletions constitute a set. The word "variety" often in "a variety of" = 'various'. WSD mapping: In SemCor, "a variety of" usually maps to sense 1 (assortment) or sense 2? Let's recall WordNet sense for variety. Sense 1 = assortment, miscellany, mixed bag, motley, potpourri, salmagundi, smorgasbord. Examples "a great assortment of cars was on display"; "he had a variety of disorders". This is the primary "a variety of" plural sense. Sense 2 = diverseness, diversity, multifariousness. Examples "the range and variety of his work is amazing". Sense 5 = kind. WordNet's example "a variety of wheat" maybe belongs to sense 3? Actually sense 3 examples mention botany. But "variety" as "kind" maybe "what variety of lettuce"? WordNet 3.1 sense 5 examples: "sculpture is a form of art", "what kinds of desserts are there?"; I think "a variety of" as in "a variety of reasons" maps to sense 1. The phrase "confusing variety of genetic deletions" is not a taxonomic variety but an assortment/diversity.

The context: "They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells." This describes different deletions across polyps/cells; "confusing" modifies "variety". This reads like "a confusing assortment". If one says "a confusing variety", could be a confusing diversity. The example of sense 2: "the range and variety of his work is amazing" – variety as an abstract property, not with article "a". "a diversity of possibilities" is possible though. But the target is a count noun, and the phrase "a variety of things" is idiomatic for sense 1.

Therefore best sense index 1.

Need output only JSON. Ensure no extra text.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of <t>genetic</t> deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose single best indexed sense for target word 'genetic' in context. We can answer only JSON object with sense_index. Need reason.

Need analyze sentence context. It is about genetic deletions, chromosomes, cancer suppressor genes. 'genetic deletions' means deletions of genetic material, related to genes (chromosome losses). Candidate senses:
1 inheritable/usually by heredity — 'genetic deletions' could be inherited? But in cancer development these are somatic hits not necessarily inherited.
2 of or relating to or produced by or being a gene — relates to genes/genetic material. This fits 'genetic deletions' (deletions involving genes/DNA).
3 pertaining to origin — not. e.g., genetic history.
4 of or relating to the science of genetics — 'genetic damage' maybe damage to genetic material, not the scientific field.

The phrase 'genetic damage' and 'genetic deletions' refer to damage to genes/chromosomes. Sense 2. Need ensure index? The candidates listed 1..4 with sense_keys. We choose sense_index:2 if best matches sense_key genetic%3:01:02::. We output only JSON {"sense_index":2}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exist
Target surface form: existing
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some <t>existing</t> only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exist%2:42:00:: | definition=have an existence, be extant | synonyms=be | examples=Is there a God?
2. sense_key=exist%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=survive, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "existing" (lemma exist) in context.

Context: "They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells."

Candidate senses:
1. exist%2:42:00:: = have an existence, be extant; synonyms=be; example "Is there a God?"
2. exist%2:42:01:: = support oneself; synonyms=survive, live, subsist; example "he could barely exist on such a low wage"

The target "existing" is being used in sense 1: "some [genetic deletions] having an existence / being extant only in benign polyps". It means the deletions are present/found in benign polyps.

Sense 2 means to survive/subsist, which doesn't fit for genetic deletions. A genetic deletion doesn't "support itself on a low wage". So sense 1 is correct.

Return only JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing <t>only</t> in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON. Need choose best sense for "only" in context: "some existing only in benign polyps". This means exclusively/solely in benign polyps, without others being included. Candidate sense 2: without any others being included or involved, synonyms entirely, exclusively, solely, alone. Examples "was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children". In context, "some existing only in benign polyps" = some deletions exist exclusively in benign polyps. That aligns sense 2. Sense 1 merely/simply/just is for "I was merely asking". Not. So answer {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: polyp
Target surface form: polyps
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign <t>polyps</t>, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: | definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane | synonyms=polypus
2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: | definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need output JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need choose sense 1 or 2. Context colon cancer, bowel polyps, benign polyps, malignant cells. That is the mucous membrane growth, sense 1 (index 1). sense 2 coelenterate. So answer {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant <t>cells</t> and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need choose best sense. Context: malignant cells in colon cancer, biology. So sense 2. Need produce only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: polyp
Target surface form: polyps
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both <t>polyps</t> and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: | definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane | synonyms=polypus
2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: | definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target lemma polyp, surface polyps, context about colon cancer, bowel polyps, benign polyps, malignant cells. Candidate senses: 1 small vascular growth on mucous membrane (medical), 2 coelenterate form. Definitely sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index":1}. No extra.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
His was one of two research teams in 1984 to report dual chromosome losses for a rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor. Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant <t>cells</t>. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "cells" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about cancer research, genetics, chromosomes, and biology. Specifically:
- "rare childhood cancer of the kidney called Wilm's tumor"
- "colon cancer"
- "probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage"
- "genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells"

The word "cells" here clearly refers to biological cells - the basic structural and functional units of organisms. The context mentions "malignant cells" which means cancerous biological cells.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. cell%1:06:03:: = any small compartment (e.g., honeycomb cells)
2. cell%1:03:00:: = (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
3. cell%1:06:00:: = electric cell
4. cell%1:14:00:: = political cell/cadre
5. cell%1:06:04:: = cellular telephone
6. cell%1:06:02:: = monk's/nun's room
7. cell%1:06:01:: = prison cell

The best sense is clearly sense 2: cell%1:03:00:: - the biological cell.

The instructions say:
- Choose the single best indexed sense
- Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
- Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}

The index of the biological sense in the candidate list is 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coherent
Target surface form: coherent
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a <t>coherent</t> picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coherent%3:00:00:: | definition=marked by an orderly, logical, and aesthetically consistent relation of parts | synonyms=consistent, logical, ordered | examples=a coherent argument
2. sense_key=coherent%5:00:00:rational:00 | definition=capable of thinking and expressing yourself in a clear and consistent manner | synonyms=logical, lucid | examples=a lucid thinker; she was more coherent than she had been just after the accident
3. sense_key=coherent%3:00:01:: | definition=(physics) of waves having a constant phase relation
4. sense_key=coherent%5:00:00:adhesive:00 | definition=sticking together | synonyms=tenacious | examples=two coherent sheets; tenacious burrs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer word sense disambiguation for 'coherent' in given context. We need choose single best indexed sense among candidate senses. Need return JSON {"sense_index": INDEX}. The options listed: 1 coherent%3:00:00:: definition orderly logical consistent relation of parts; examples coherent argument. 2 coherent%5:00:00:rational:00 = capable of thinking/expressing clear consistent manner; 3 physics waves constant phase relation; 4 sticking together adhesive. Context: "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged." Means a logical, consistent, orderly picture. So sense 1. Need provide JSON exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: picture
Target surface form: picture
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent <t>picture</t> of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=picture%1:06:00:: | definition=a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface | synonyms=image, icon, ikon | examples=they showed us the pictures of their wedding; a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them
2. sense_key=picture%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface | synonyms=painting | examples=a small painting by Picasso; he bought the painting as an investment
3. sense_key=picture%1:09:00:: | definition=a clear and telling mental image | synonyms=mental picture, impression | examples=he described his mental picture of his assailant; he had no clear picture of himself or his world
4. sense_key=picture%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=scene | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
5. sense_key=picture%1:10:00:: | definition=illustrations used to decorate or explain a text | synonyms=pictorial matter | examples=the dictionary had many pictures
6. sense_key=picture%1:10:02:: | definition=a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement | synonyms=movie, film, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show | examples=they went to a movie every Saturday night; the film was shot on location
7. sense_key=picture%1:10:01:: | definition=the visible part of a television transmission | synonyms=video | examples=they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone
8. sense_key=picture%1:10:03:: | definition=a graphic or vivid verbal description | synonyms=word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, characterization, characterisation | examples=too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures; the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland
9. sense_key=picture%1:09:01:: | definition=a typical example of some state or quality | examples=the very picture of a modern general; she was the picture of despair
10. sense_key=picture%1:06:02:: | definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, exposure, pic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for "picture". Context: coherent picture of cancer development emerged. This is a mental/abstract understanding, not visual image, painting, movie, photo, etc. Candidate senses: 3 a clear and telling mental image (synonyms mental picture, impression) examples described mental picture, clear picture of himself. 4 situation treated as observable object (scene). 8 graphic or vivid verbal description (word picture). The phrase "a coherent picture of cancer development emerged" from months of frustrating chromosome probing: a coherent mental image/understanding formed. Sense 3 best. Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of <t>cancer</t> development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target is "cancer" surface form. Context surrounds target phrase: "...a coherent picture of <t>cancer</t> development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." The passage concerns colon cancer disease as malignant tumor, genetic damage, polyps. We have candidate senses: 1 malignant growth, 2 astrological person born while sun in Cancer, 3 small constellation, 4 4th sign of zodiac, 5 genus Cancer crab. The context obviously medical disease. The phrase "cancer development" means development of cancer disease/tumor. So sense 1. Need output JSON object exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Only JSON no explanation.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: development
Target surface form: development
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer <t>development</t> emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=development%1:04:01:: | definition=act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining | examples=he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency; they funded research and development
2. sense_key=development%1:22:02:: | definition=a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage) | synonyms=evolution | examples=the development of his ideas took many years; the evolution of Greek civilization
3. sense_key=development%1:22:01:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
4. sense_key=development%1:11:01:: | definition=a recent event that has some relevance for the present situation | examples=recent developments in Iraq; what a revolting development!
5. sense_key=development%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful | synonyms=exploitation | examples=the development of Alaskan resources; the exploitation of copper deposits
6. sense_key=development%1:15:00:: | definition=a district that has been developed to serve some purpose | examples=such land is practical for small park developments
7. sense_key=development%1:26:00:: | definition=a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess) | examples=after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter; in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen
8. sense_key=development%1:22:00:: | definition=processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible | synonyms=developing | examples=the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours
9. sense_key=development%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the section of a composition or movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes are developed and elaborated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for “development” in context: "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." Context described cancer arising in stages, polyp development, progression from less severe to deadly, cascade of genetic damage. "cancer development" means process of cancer progressing/evolving through stages. Candidate senses: 1 act of improving... 2 a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially more advanced/mature); synonyms evolution; examples development of his ideas. 3 biological growth/ontogeny of individual organism. 4 recent event. 5 land development. 6 district. 7 state of improvement. 8 photosensitive. 9 music.

Between 2 and 3 and maybe 1? Cancer development as a process changing by degrees to different stages -> sense 2. Not individual organism growth necessarily though biological; but process of disease progression. Sense 3 is individual organism growing organically; biological unfolding. Cancer development may be biological process, but specifically it's a disease process that passes through stages (polyp to malignant). Sense 2 explicitly "passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)" with synonym evolution. The text explicitly: develop in stages, development of polyps, progression. For polyps (growth) maybe sense 3? But target word is "cancer development", not "polyp development". "cancer development emerged" = the process by which cancer develops; in stages. WordNet biology sense maybe could apply. Need single best. I'm leaning sense 2 because emphasizes stages. Let's inspect examples for sense 3: "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children". That is normal individual organism development (ossification). Cancer development is pathological process; not purely biological unfolding from simple to complex individual organism. Sense 2 has examples "the development of his ideas took many years" general process. The synonym evolution is also used in context (evolution of Greek civilization). I think answer index 2.

Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emerge
Target surface form: emerged
Context:
Dr. Vogelstein next turned his attention colon cancer, the second biggest cancer killer in the U.S. after lung cancer. He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development <t>emerged</t>. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emerge%2:30:00:: | definition=come out into view, as from concealment | examples=Suddenly, the proprietor emerged from his office
2. sense_key=emerge%2:30:02:: | definition=come out of | synonyms=issue, come out, come forth, go forth, egress | examples=Water issued from the hole in the wall; The words seemed to come out by themselves
3. sense_key=emerge%2:30:01:: | definition=become known or apparent | examples=Some nice results emerged from the study
4. sense_key=emerge%2:38:00:: | definition=come up to the surface of or rise | examples=He felt new emotions emerge
5. sense_key=emerge%2:42:00:: | definition=happen or occur as a result of something | synonyms=come forth

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need provide answer JSON only. User wants single best indexed sense for 'emerged'. Need analyze context. Sentence: "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged." Meaning: a picture/make sense/understanding became known or apparent from research. Candidate sense 3 definition become known or apparent; examples Some nice results emerged from the study. That fits. Other senses: come out into view from concealment; come out of; come up to surface; happen occur as result. The phrase 'picture emerged' means became clear/apparent. So sense index 3. Need return exactly JSON object {"sense_index": 3}. Could add no extra text. Ensure exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both <t>copies</t> of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user is asking me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "copies" in a specific context. Let me think carefully about which sense is the best fit.

The context is about colon cancer, chromosomes, genes, and genetic damage. The target word "copies" appears in phrases like:

"If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop."
"If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy."

Here, "copies" refers to the two instances of a gene that an organism typically has—one from each parent. This is a biological usage where each allele or gene instance is referred to as a "copy."

The candidate senses are:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Hmm, none of these seem like a perfect biological match. The WordNet senses for "copy" are quite narrow. The typical biological use of "copy" as "one of two or more instances of a gene in an organism" isn't explicitly listed in these candidate senses.

However, I need to choose the best available sense. In biology, when we say "both copies of a gene," we're talking about two similar/identical instances of the gene. So sense 2 ("a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing") seems like the closest fit among the options.

Wait, but actually in modern genetics, "copy" has become a specialized term referring to each instance of a gene or DNA sequence. In tumor suppressor contexts specifically (like p53, APC, Rb), we say "both copies" because we have two alleles. These alleles are not necessarily identical to each other—they could have different variants—but they are copies in the sense of being instances of the same gene.

Looking at the candidate senses, sense 2 emphasizes similarity/identity. But in the gene context, "copy" is more about being an instance/reproduction of genetic material. Arguably, a gene copy could be viewed as a reproduction of genetic material.

Actually, if I think about it, sense 1 is "a reproduction of a written record" — this is too specific. But maybe "copy" in the genetic sense is closer to a reproduction/transcript.

Let me reconsider. The word "copies" in "both copies of a gene" means each of the two gene sequences present in a diploid organism. Each is a copy of the gene sense 2 (a thing made to be similar to another thing, i.e., a duplicate of the genetic information). However, these natural "copies" aren't literally "made to be similar"—they're inherited.

Still, among the given choices, sense 2 is the best fit because it captures the idea of a duplicate/similar instance of something. The other senses (written record, matter to be printed, journalistic material) don't fit at all in the genetic context.

Actually, wait. Let me re-read the candidate 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing; examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor"

The gene copies aren't "made" in the sense of human creation, but they are duplicates of genetic material. In biology, DNA replication produces copies of genes. After cell division, each daughter cell gets a copy.

But I should also consider whether there might be a more appropriate interpretation. In genetics, "gene copy number" refers to how many copies of a particular gene are present. This is definitely using "copy" in the sense of duplication/reproduction.

Given the four choices, sense 2 is clearly the most applicable. Sense 1 is about written records, sense 3 is about printed matter, sense 4 is about journalism. Only sense 2 captures the duplication aspect of genes.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So I should return just the JSON with sense_index 2.

But let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00::
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00::
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01::
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02::

So sense 2 has key copy%1:06:00::. This is the noun sense "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing."

Yes, I believe the answer is 2.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a <t>certain</t> gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need provide final JSON. Need analyze WSD. Target "certain" in sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop."

Which sense? certain as adjective. Candidate senses listed. The relevant sense meaning "specific but not named/identified; definite but not specified or identified" fits "a certain gene" = a particular/some gene. This is sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 dictionary definition: definite but not specified or identified. Examples "set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree". In scientific/precise context: "both copies of a certain gene" means some/unspecified (but specifically one) gene, not confidence. So index 1.

Check other senses: 2 safe/confident, 3 known/beyond doubt, 4 destined/inEVITABLE, 5 sealed, 6 reliable, 7 careful. They don't fit.

Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: knock_out
Target surface form: knocked out
Context:
He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were <t>knocked out</t>, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=knock_out%2:30:01:: | definition=eliminate | examples=knock out a target
2. sense_key=knock_out%2:35:00:: | definition=knock unconscious or senseless | synonyms=knock cold, kayo | examples=the boxing champion knocked out his opponent in a few seconds
3. sense_key=knock_out%2:30:00:: | definition=destroy or break forcefully | examples=The windows were knocked out
4. sense_key=knock_out%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with admiration | examples=All the guys were knocked out by her charm
5. sense_key=knock_out%2:30:02:: | definition=empty (as of tobacco) by knocking out | examples=knocked out a pipe

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Need choose single best indexed sense for "knocked out" in context about genes: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." This is biological inactivation/elimination of gene function. Among senses: 1 eliminate, 2 knock unconscious, 3 destroy or break forcefully, 4 overwhelm admiration, 5 empty tobacco. The best is sense 1 eliminate. Though in biology "knock out" means inactivate/eliminate gene function. So index 1. Ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: polyp
Target surface form: polyps
Context:
He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign <t>polyps</t> would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: | definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane | synonyms=polypus
2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: | definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target surface form is "polyps" and the target lemma is "polyp". The context is about colon cancer, bowel, benign polyps, malignant polyps. So clearly it's the medical/biological sense: a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane (polypus), not the coelenterate form. So answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
He believed colon cancer might also arise from multiple "hits "on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages. It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would <t>develop</t>. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD for target develop. Let's parse context. Sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would <t>develop</t>." This means polyps would come into existence/take on form or shape. Candidate sense 5: come into existence; take on form or shape; synonyms originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow. Candidate sense 10: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment. Candidate sense 12: cause to grow and differentiate. Candidate sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of physical features. Candidate sense 20: happen. Candidate sense 9: be gradually disclosed/unfolded. Need best. In sentence subject benign polyps develop intransitively. "Polyps would develop" means begin to exist/form. Sense 5 is most fitting: originate/arise. However sense 10 examples "A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower". Polyps as growths develop via natural growth/differentiation. Which is more precise? Let's inspect. The phrase "benign polyps would develop" after genetic hits. In medical context, develop means come into being, form, arise. WordNet sense 5 definition: come into existence; take on form or shape. Examples: A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship. Sense 10: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment; examples: A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower. A polyp developing could be sense 10 as biological growth. But the context of cancer development says "gradually a coherent picture of cancer development emerged... If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop." It describes multistep carcinogenesis: polyps arise/come into existence. WSD training often maps medical "develop" to sense 5 (arise) or 10? Let's think. The target sentence is from a corpus likely SemCor/WordNet. The word "develop" in "polyps would develop" appears in colorectal cancer article. Which sense index in WordNet? We need choose index among given. Let's look up likely. WordNet 3.0/3.1 senses. develop%2:42:00:: is "come into existence; take on form or shape". develop%2:30:00:: is "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment". In medical biology, "polyps would develop" could be sense 10 because polyps grow/differentiate from cells. But phrase "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop" implies that polyps would form. WordNet examples of sense 5 include "a love that sprang up from friendship". Not biology. Sense 10 examples include flower, country. The subject "benign polyps" are a growth; develop means undergo growth and differentiation. Hmm.
Need examine the context: earlier sentence: "It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel". "development" here means formation/coming into existence. Also "Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged." This is noun development, not verb. The verb target: "benign polyps would develop". The first occurrence in context: "because it often seems to develop in stages." That's cancer develop = progress/unfold? Possibly sense 10. But target is the later one. Let's read all develop occurrences: "colon cancer might also arise from multiple 'hits' on cancer suppressor genes, because it often seems to develop in stages." Then "It often is preceded by the development of polyps". Then target "benign polyps would develop". Then "polyps would progress". So target means form/come into existence. Between sense 5 and 10. Let's analyze sense definitions:
5: come into existence; take on form or shape.
10: grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment.
The key difference: sense 5 = originate, arise, spring up. Sense 10 = undergo process, come to be (e.g., flower developed on branch). "Polyps would develop" after gene knockout: They would come into existence. In medical dictionaries, "develop" as in a disease develops = begin to have/experience (sense 4?). For polyps: "growths develop" = come into existence. I think WordNet sense 5 (index 5) is the best.
But let's consider sense 12: cause to grow and differentiate (transitive). Here intransitive, so no. Sense 4: come to have or undergo a change of physical features and attributes. Example "The patient developed abdominal pains". That is patient experiencing symptoms; not polyps. Sense 20: happen. No. Sense 9: be gradually disclosed/unfolded. No.
Thus answer likely index 5.
However, there is subtlety: WordNet sense 5 is in "change" or "creation"? Let's check sense_key develop%2:42:00:: is verb.body? Actually 42 is verb.social? Let's not worry.
Need final JSON: {"sense_index": 5}.
The instruction: Do not answer with sense key. Only JSON object exactly like. So final should be only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copies
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both <t>copies</t> of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need choose among four candidate senses for target word "copies" in context about genes: "both copies of a certain gene". The sense is a duplicate/original? WordNet copy has these senses: 1:10:00 reproduction of written record; 1:06:00 a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing; 1:10:01 matter to be printed; 1:10:02 material suitable for journalistic account. Gene copies are things (molecules) similar/identical? "both copies of a certain gene" refers to the two alleles? Sense 1:06:00 is likely best: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. However, in genetics, a "copy" can also mean an instance of a gene, often covered by noun sense 6? WordNet noun copy senses include "copy, edition" (a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing). The examples: she made a copy of designer dress; clone. In genetic context, the two copies are homologous? So index 2. Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: second
Target surface form: second
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a <t>second</t> gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=second%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=coming next after the first in position in space or time or degree or magnitude | synonyms=2nd, 2d
2. sense_key=second%3:00:00:: | definition=a part or voice or instrument or orchestra section lower in pitch than or subordinate to the first | examples=second flute; the second violins

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with best indexed sense for "second" in context. Context: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a <t>second</t> gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." This is ordinal sense: a second gene = another gene following the first. Candidate 1: ordinal: coming next after the first. Candidate 2: part or voice lower in pitch, subordinate to the first. No, this is not musical. So sense index 1. Return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: then
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were <t>then</t> deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "then" in the sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy."

 Let me analyze the candidate senses:

 1. then%4:02:00:: - subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)
    Examples: "then he left; go left first, then right"

 2. then%4:02:02:: - in that case or as a consequence
    Examples: "if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to"

 3. then%4:02:01:: - at that time
    Examples: "I was young then; prices were lower then"

 In the context, "then" appears in the conditional sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy."

 This is part of a sequence describing cancer development:
 - First, if both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop.
 - Then (subsequently), if both copies of a second gene were deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy.

 The word "then" here is indicating the subsequent stage in a sequence of events. It's not "at that time" (there's no specific time reference), and it's not "in that case" (it's not drawing a consequence from a condition in a logical if-then sense of consequence; rather it's about temporal sequence).

 Wait, let me reconsider. The structure "If X were then deleted" - is "then" functioning as part of an if-then logical consequence? Or is it indicating "subsequently deleted"?

 Looking at the previous sentence: "If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy."

 This describes a sequential process:
 1. First gene knocked out → benign polyps
 2. Second gene deleted → polyps become malignant

 "Then" here means "next" or "subsequently" - after the first event, the second event occurs. This matches sense 1: "subsequently or soon afterward."

 Sense 2 "in that case or as a consequence" would be more like "If A happened, then B happened" where "then" introduces the consequence. But here, "then" is modifying "deleted" - "were then deleted" - meaning "were subsequently deleted" or "deleted at a later stage." This is temporal sequence, which is sense 1.

 The answer should be sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: delete
Target surface form: deleted
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then <t>deleted</t>, the polyps would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=delete%2:35:00:: | definition=remove or make invisible | synonyms=cancel | examples=Please delete my name from your list
2. sense_key=delete%2:32:00:: | definition=wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information | synonyms=erase | examples=Who erased the files form my hard disk?
3. sense_key=delete%2:30:00:: | definition=cut or eliminate | synonyms=edit, blue-pencil | examples=she edited the juiciest scenes

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON. The target is "deleted" in sentence: "If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to malignancy." Candidate senses: 1 remove or make invisible (cancel), 2 wipe out digitally/magnetically recorded information (erase), 3 cut or eliminate (edit, blue-pencil). The context involves genetic deletions - genetic material removed. Which sense best? Sense 1 "remove or make invisible" with example "Please delete my name from your list". Genes being removed from DNA. Sense 2 is digital/magnetic, not applicable. Sense 3 is editorial cutting/eliminating text. The best is sense 1: remove or make invisible (cancel). It means to remove, take out. The target surface "deleted" can be sense 1. So answer {"sense_index":1}. Need only JSON object.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: polyp
Target surface form: polyps
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the <t>polyps</t> would progress to malignancy. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=polyp%1:26:00:: | definition=a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane | synonyms=polypus
2. sense_key=polyp%1:05:00:: | definition=one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. a hydra or coral): usually sedentary with a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth | examples=in some species of coelenterate, polyps are a phase in the life cycle that alternates with a medusoid phase

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD for lemma polyp surface polyps in context. Need choose best indexed sense from candidate senses 1 and 2. The context is medical colon/bowel, benign/malignant polyps, colon cancer. Candidate 1 definition: small vascular growth on surface of mucous membrane, with synonym polypus. Candidate 2: coelenterate form hydra/coral. Clearly candidate 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1} exact. User says do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON object exactly like. So final should be just {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no markdown fences? It says return only JSON object exactly like. Might be safe to just output JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: malignancy
Target surface form: malignancy
Context:
It often is preceded by the development of polyps in the bowel, which in some cases become increasingly malignant in identifiable stages -- progressing from less severe to deadly -- as though a cascade of genetic damage might be occurring. Dr. Vogelstein and a doctoral student, Eric Fearon, began months of tedious and often frustrating probing of the chromosomes searching for signs of genetic damage. They began uncovering a confusing variety of genetic deletions, some existing only in benign polyps, others in malignant cells and many in both polyps and malignant cells. Gradually, a coherent picture of cancer development emerged. If both copies of a certain gene were knocked out, benign polyps would develop. If both copies of a second gene were then deleted, the polyps would progress to <t>malignancy</t>. It was clear that more than one gene had to be damaged for colon cancer to develop.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=malignancy%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death | synonyms=malignance
2. sense_key=malignancy%1:07:00:: | definition=quality of being disposed to evil; intense ill will | synonyms=malignity, malignance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense. Need analyze context: target word malignancy. Context is about colon cancer, polyps progress to malignancy. This is medical sense: a malignant state (cancer), progressive, etc. Sense 1 has definition (medicine) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death. Sense 2 is evil ill will. Context is biological/medical, not disposition to evil. So choose sense_index: 1. Need only JSON. Ensure no extra text.