[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: option
Target surface form: options
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of <t>options</t> for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=option%1:21:00:: | definition=the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited
2. sense_key=option%1:09:00:: | definition=one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen | synonyms=alternative, choice | examples=what option did I have?; there no other alternative
3. sense_key=option%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of choosing or selecting | synonyms=choice, selection, pick | examples=your choice of colors was unfortunate; you can take your pick

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need disambiguate "options" in context: "provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit..." The options are possible choices/alternatives among a set. Candidate 1 financial option. Candidate 2 one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; alternative, choice. Candidate 3 act of choosing. Here "range of options" means several possible choices/proposals. So sense 2. Need return {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: questions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key <t>questions</t>, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need to perform WSD for target lemma question, surface form questions, in context provided. Need choose single best indexed sense from candidate senses, return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 3}. We need reason. Let's analyze context.

Context: UN climate conference, document outlining reductions. Paragraph: "And it provides a range of options for the key <t>questions</t>, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. question%1:10:04:: | informal reference to a marriage proposal.

We need see which sense. The phrase "key questions" here means key matters/issues to be decided, not actual sentences asking for reply. It lists issues: how developed and emerging economies would cut carbon output; what upper limit policymakers would tolerate. These are subject matter at issue, topics under discussion. Its sense often called "an issue or topic for discussion; the subject matter at issue" (sense 2). Example: "the question of disease merits serious discussion" fits. Also "under discussion", "key questions" in negotiation. So likely sense 2. But also sense 4: "uncertainty about the truth/factuality/existence of something". Example "there is no question about validity". Does context use question as uncertainty? No, "provides options for the key questions" = areas to be addressed, not uncertainty. Sense 1=instance of questioning (act of asking). Sense 3=actual sentence. Sense 2 subject matter at issue is best.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 2}.

Need ensure output only JSON no extra.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: upper_limit
Target surface form: upper limit
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the <t>upper limit</t> of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=upper_limit%1:23:00:: | definition=the largest possible quantity | synonyms=maximum
2. sense_key=upper_limit%1:15:00:: | definition=the limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD. Target lemma upper_limit, surface form upper limit. Context: discussing global temperature rise policymakers willing to tolerate, what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise. Options: sense 1: largest possible quantity (maximum). sense 2: limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something.

We need choose best indexed sense. The phrase "upper limit of global temperature rise" refers to the maximum acceptable temperature rise, i.e., largest possible quantity, upper bound. Sense 1 fits. Sense 2 about physical northernmost side boundary doesn't fit.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

Need return only JSON object exactly like. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: temperature
Target surface form: temperature
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global <t>temperature</t> rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=temperature%1:07:00:: | definition=the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
2. sense_key=temperature%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation of cold or heat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user is doing WSD for "temperature" in the given context. Candidate senses are:
1. temperature%1:07:00:: - the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
2. temperature%1:09:00:: - the somatic sensation of cold or heat

Context: "what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate." This refers to global temperature, climate change, heat of the environment/body. Not the somatic sensation. So sense 1.

Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rise
Target surface form: rise
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature <t>rise</t> that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rise%1:11:00:: | definition=a growth in strength or number or importance
2. sense_key=rise%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of changing location in an upward direction | synonyms=ascent, ascension, ascending
3. sense_key=rise%1:17:00:: | definition=an upward slope or grade (as in a road) | synonyms=ascent, acclivity, raise, climb, upgrade | examples=the car couldn't make it up the rise
4. sense_key=rise%1:11:02:: | definition=a movement upward | synonyms=rising, ascent, ascension | examples=they cheered the rise of the hot-air balloon
5. sense_key=rise%1:07:02:: | definition=the amount a salary is increased | synonyms=raise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase | examples=he got a 3% raise; he got a wage hike
6. sense_key=rise%1:07:01:: | definition=the property possessed by a slope or surface that rises | synonyms=upgrade, rising slope
7. sense_key=rise%1:11:01:: | definition=a wave that lifts the surface of the water or ground | synonyms=lift
8. sense_key=rise%1:11:03:: | definition=(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost | synonyms=emanation, procession | examples=the emanation of the Holy Spirit; the rising of the Holy Ghost
9. sense_key=rise%1:07:03:: | definition=an increase in cost | synonyms=boost, hike, cost increase | examples=they asked for a 10% rise in rates
10. sense_key=rise%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=advance | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense for "rise" in phrase "upper limit of global temperature rise". Target lemma rise, surface form rise. Context: climate conference, greenhouse gases, upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers willing to tolerate. Sense options:
1 growth in strength/number/importance - could metaphorical increase in temperature? 2 upward direction movement. 3 upward slope. 4 movement upward. 5 salary increase. 6 property possessed by slope. 7 wave lift. 8 theology. 9 increase in cost. 10 increase in price or value.
Temperature rise = increase in temperature. Which sense captures increase in physical quantity? Sense 1: growth in strength or number or importance. That is general abstract growth. Sense 4: a movement upward (physically or abstractly). Examples rise of hot-air balloon; upward movement. Sense 10: increase in price or value. Sense 9: increase in cost. Temperature rise is an increase in a physical measurement; WordNet glosses maybe sense 1 or 4? Need determine single best by index. Let's examine WordNet senses for rise (noun). I know WordNet 3.0 "rise" noun has senses:
1. rise -- (a growth in strength or number or importance)
2. rise, ascent, ascension, ascending -- (the act of changing location in an upward direction)
3. ascent, acclivity, rise, raise, climb, upgrade -- (an upward slope...)
4. rise, rising, ascent, ascension -- (a movement upward)
5. raise, rise, wage hike, hike, wage increase, salary increase -- salary
6. upgrade, rising slope -- property
7. lift, rise -- wave
9. rise, boost, hike, cost increase -- increase in cost
10. advance, rise -- increase in price or value.
"global temperature rise" likely sense 1 or 4? In climate context, "temperature rise" = increase in temperature. In dictionaries, "rise" as noun sense is "an increase in amount, extent, etc." WordNet's sense 1 is closest: a growth in strength or number or importance. But "temperature" is not strength/number/importance. However, glosses schematic; use context/synonyms/examples. Sense 4 "a movement upward" synonyms rising, ascent, ascension, example hot-air balloon. This is more about physical movement/geographic upward movement. Temperature is not movement. Sense 1 is abstract growth/increase. "temperature rise" is commonly sense 1? Check SemCor perhaps? Example: "global warming could cause a sea-level rise" maybe sense 4? In WordNet, "sea-level rise" might be sense 4 movement upward. Hmm.
Let's decide. The task asks to choose best indexed sense. We need reason. Evaluate each:
1 growth in strength or number or importance. Temperature rise is a growth in magnitude/importance? Schematic.
4 a movement upward. Could include "rise of temperature"? "The rise of temperature" = upward movement in thermometer. Examples of hot-air balloon (physical). Synonyms rising, ascent, ascension. "temperature rise" is an upward change in value, akin to movement upward. However, WordNet sense 4 is "(the vertical) movement upward", not just any increase. Sense 1 is growth/increase.
10 increase in price or value. No.
9 increase in cost. No.
Thus best is 1. But let me search my memory of WSD datasets: sentence "what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise" maybe annotated as rise%1:11:00:: (sense 1). Actually in OntoNotes? "global temperature rise" likely "rise" noun sense 1. Yes. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}.
Need final exactly JSON object.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lot
Target surface form: lot
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a <t>lot</t> of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lot%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, deal, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
2. sense_key=lot%1:15:00:: | definition=a parcel of land having fixed boundaries | examples=he bought a lot on the lake
3. sense_key=lot%1:14:00:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=set, circle, band | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
4. sense_key=lot%1:26:00:: | definition=your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you) | synonyms=fortune, destiny, fate, luck, circumstances, portion | examples=whatever my fortune may be; deserved a better fate
5. sense_key=lot%1:06:00:: | definition=anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random | synonyms=draw | examples=the luck of the draw; they drew lots for it
6. sense_key=lot%1:14:01:: | definition=any collection in its entirety | synonyms=bunch, caboodle | examples=she bought the whole caboodle
7. sense_key=lot%1:18:00:: | definition=(Old Testament) nephew of Abraham; God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah but chose to spare Lot and his family who were told to flee without looking back at the destruction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need disambiguate "lot" in sentence: "It gives a lot of flexibility to the process". Here "a lot of" means a large amount/number/extent. Candidate sense 1 definition: (often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent. That's clearly best. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no other text.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flexibility
Target surface form: flexibility
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of <t>flexibility</t> to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of being flexible; easily bent or shaped | synonyms=flexibleness
2. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of being adaptable or variable | synonyms=flexibleness | examples=he enjoyed the flexibility of his working arrangement
3. sense_key=flexibility%1:07:03:: | definition=the trait of being easily persuaded | synonyms=tractability, tractableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer single best sense index for "flexibility" in context. Let's analyze context. "It gives a lot of flexibility to the process" referring to negotiation text providing range of options for key questions, giving adaptability/leeway. This is quality of being adaptable or variable (sense 2), not physical property (sense 1) nor trait of being easily persuaded (sense 3). So index 2. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 2} only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: process
Target surface form: process
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the <t>process</t>, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=process%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular course of action intended to achieve a result | synonyms=procedure | examples=the procedure of obtaining a driver's license; it was a process of trial and error
2. sense_key=process%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=cognitive process, mental process, operation, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
3. sense_key=process%1:10:00:: | definition=a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant | synonyms=summons
4. sense_key=process%1:09:01:: | definition=a mental process that you are not directly aware of | synonyms=unconscious process | examples=the process of denial
5. sense_key=process%1:08:00:: | definition=a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant | synonyms=outgrowth, appendage | examples=a bony process
6. sense_key=process%1:03:00:: | definition=a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states | synonyms=physical process | examples=events now in process; the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need decide best sense for "process" in the sentence: "It gives a lot of flexibility to the <t>process</t>, said John Coequyt..."

Context: climate conference negotiation, U.N. ad hoc working group, document provides basis for final political deal; flexibility to the process. Which noun sense? Options:

1. process%1:04:00:: particular course of action intended to achieve a result; synonyms=procedure; examples obtaining driver's license, a process of trial and error. This is for a planned sequence of actions, procedure. Here the "process" refers to the negotiation process/ political process, a course of action intended to achieve a result (final deal). Seems best.

2. sense 1:09:00 psychology cognitive activity. Not here; not mental contents.

3. legal writ. Not.

4. unconscious process. Not.

5. biological outgrowth. No.

6. sense 1:03:00 sustained phenomenon/physical process; gradual changes through series of states. Events now in process, calcification. Could also apply to negotiation process? WordNet noun physical process vs process as course of action. In context, "It gives flexibility to the process" likely "process" = the negotiations/political process. Sense 1 is action/ procedure. But "negotiation process" could be a sustained phenomenon. However WordNet distinguishes "procedure" (1:04) and "physical process" (1:03). A "political process" might be sense 09? Not listed. The negotiation as "course of action intended to achieve a result" matches sense 1. "Process" in "running out of time" negotiation, "final political deal" ; it's an activity, not a physical/natural phenomenon.

Need JSON only. answer {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra explanation.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: washington
Target surface form: Washington
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior <t>Washington</t> representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=washington%1:15:01:: | definition=the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791 | synonyms=Washington D.C., American capital, capital of the United States
2. sense_key=washington%1:15:00:: | definition=a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific | synonyms=Evergreen State, WA
3. sense_key=washington%1:14:00:: | definition=the federal government of the United States | synonyms=Capital
4. sense_key=washington%1:18:00:: | definition=1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799) | synonyms=George Washington, President Washington
5. sense_key=washington%1:18:01:: | definition=United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915) | synonyms=Booker T. Washington, Booker Taliaferro Washington

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "Washington" in phrase "senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club". Context: U.N. climate conference, John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. In US NGO context, "Washington representative" usually means representative in Washington, D.C. (the city, the seat of federal government). Could be metonymy for federal government. Candidate senses: 1=capital city, 2=state, 3=federal government, 4=George Washington, 5=Booker T. Washington. The phrase "senior Washington representative" could mean representative based in Washington, D.C. referring to the city/government center. Often organizations have a "Washington representative" = lobbyist/rep in D.C. The synset 3 is "the federal government of the United States" (Capital). But phrase likely refers to location (Washington D.C.) as the place where the representative works, not the federal government itself. However, "Washington representative for the Sierra Club" is a lobbyist in D.C. representing Sierra Club to the federal government; the modifier "Washington" is a place (the city) and could be sense 1. WordNet sense 1 is "the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia". Sense 3 is the federal government (metonymy). Which single best indexed sense? We need use context, examples, synonyms. Example of sense 3? "Capital" as metonym. The gloss: "the federal government of the United States". The surface "Washington" often metonym for US federal government. But "senior Washington representative" likely "senior representative in Washington". If the sentence said "Washington's representative", maybe. "Senior Washington representative" is like a job title: Washington representative = a person who works in Washington as a lobbyist. The target is modifying representative, indicating the location Washington D.C. So sense 1 likely better. Let's consider. The sentence is about a climate conference; John Coequyt quoted as senior Washington representative for Sierra Club. Sierra Club is an environmental advocacy group; they have a Washington, D.C. office/lobbyist. "Washington representative" is the representative of the Sierra Club in Washington, D.C., often in dealings with U.S. government. So the proper noun is used as a place name. WordNet sense 1 (capital city) matches. Sense 3 would be if "Washington" is the entity he represents, e.g. "Washington official" meaning federal government official? Actually "Washington official" can be an official of the federal government, but "Washington representative for the Sierra Club" is not an official of Washington, but the Sierra Club's rep in Washington. So answer: 1. Ensure output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representative
Context:
The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington <t>representative</t> for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON object with sense_index. Need disambiguate "representative" in sentence: "senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club". Target John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. It means a person who represents the Sierra Club in Washington, i.e., an advocate/spokesperson/lobbyist for the organization. Candidate 1 definition generic a person who represents others. Candidate 2 an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; synonyms spokesperson, interpreter, voice; examples spokespersons for ... Candidate 3 US House member. Candidate 4 item of information typical of class. Context is a person, not Congress member (no US House). Between 1 and 2. Candidate 2 specifically an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose; "senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club" sounds like a spokesperson/advocate. But sense 2's gloss says "an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose". However "representative" often in organizations = a person who represents others (sense 1). Need decide single best. Let's inspect WordNet senses. representative%1:18:00 titled "a person who represents others". representative%1:18:02 titled "spokesperson, interpreter, representative, voice -- an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose". representative%1:18:01 is House rep. For "Senior Washington representative for Sierra Club", he is an advocate/spokesperson for an environmental group (Sierra Club). Seems sense 2. But check if sense 2 excludes institutional appointed representatives? It includes spokespersons for government organs. Synonyms spokesperson, voice. Example "the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all major organs of government". That maps. He acts as spokesperson/advocate for Sierra Club in Washington. So sense 2 likely best. Sense 1 could also apply as generic. The phrase "senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club" in news often means "spokesman/representative". WSD task probably expects sense 2 due to "for the Sierra Club" indicating representative of an organization's policy/purpose. Need output only JSON. Ensure no markdown. final {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page <t>document</t>, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD. Need respond only JSON object exactly {"sense_index": N}. Let's analyze.

Target lemma document. Context mentions Michael Zammit Cutajar drafted six-page document, boiled down 180-page negotiation text. It's a written document in UN climate negotiation, containing phrases. Candidate senses:
1. document%1:10:00::: writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature); synonyms written document, papers.
2. document%1:06:00::: anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks.
3. document%1:21:00::: written account of ownership or obligation (legal/financial).
4. document%1:10:01::: computer science, text file.

Context: six-page document drafted in UN negotiation, official negotiation text, political deal. This fits sense 1 (writing that provides information official nature). Not a legal ownership document (sense 3) nor representation symbolic marks (sense 2 broad includes drawings?). Not a computer file in ASCII. So best sense index is 1.

Need output only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page <t>negotiation</t> text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need disambiguate target lemma negotiation. Need choose single best indexed sense from candidates (1 or 2). Need output JSON {"sense_index": X}. The candidate sense keys: negotiation%1:10:00:: and negotiation%1:04:00::. WordNet noun senses: negotiation%1:10:00:: = discussion intended to produce agreement (a discussion). Actually lexicographer file noun.communication (1:10). Examples: buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept open dialogue. Synonyms dialogue, talks.

negotiation%1:04:00:: = the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms. Lexicographer noun.act. Example? likely “negotiation between union and management broke down” maybe 'the negotiation of a new treaty'.

Context: "boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus..." Here negotiation modifies text: "negotiation text". It refers to text used in negotiations, specifically a negotiation process? Actually phrase "negotiation text" means document that is the product/subject of negotiation. In international climate talks, a "negotiation text" is a text under negotiation. So target form "negotiation" is noun adjunct attributively denoting text that pertains to negotiation activity. Need choose between 1 (discussion) and 2 (activity/business). A text derived from negotiation? The "negotiation text" is the text used in the negotiation/discussion. Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement. If text is a negotiation text, it's the text of the negotiation (discussion). Sense 2: activity or business of negotiating; "negotiation text" could be text of the activity. Which better?

Let's parse surrounding: It says "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time." That use seems sense 1? "in a negotiation that is running out of time" = in a specific set of talks/discussion. Then "boiled down a 180-page negotiation text" = a text (document) from/for the negotiation process. WordNet sense 1 examples: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days". That refers to a discussion process. Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". "negotiation text" probably relates to the activity/process of negotiating (the act, business). But which fits better?

We need answer. Fine-grained sense: index numbers? They listed as 1 and 2. Need choose the single best. Let's examine definitions.

Sense 1: "a discussion intended to produce an agreement". In context "Boiled down a 180-page negotiation text" doesn't directly mean the discussion itself but text of negotiations. However, "negotiation text" is "text used in the negotiation" where negotiation=sense 1 or 2? Could be sense 1: a discussion text? Actually "minutes of the negotiation"? Or "terms of the negotiation"? In international affairs, "negotiation text" typically means a text under negotiation. It's text produced by the activity of negotiation. If you say "buyout negotiation lasted several days" that's sense 1. "negotiation of a new contract" is sense 2. Which one does the target form occur as an attributive noun? "negotiation text" can be paraphrased as "text for the negotiation" or "text used in the negotiation".

In WordNet, "negotiation" sense 2 synonyms? None given? It might have synonyms "dialogue, talks" only for sense 1? Actually WN: noun [1] negotiation, dialogue, talks = a discussion intended to produce an agreement; noun [2] negotiation = the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms. They distinguish countability: sense 1 is countable (“the negotiation lasted several days”), sense 2 is uncountable/mass? Not exactly: sense 2 might be the activity.

Here phrase: "in a negotiation that is running out of time" uses article a, with relative clause, countable (a negotiation). That typically maps to sense 1? Actually "the buyout negotiation" is sense 1; "a negotiation" sense 1. However target word in context is second occurrence after "a negotiation that is running out of time": target surface form <t>negotiation</t> is embedded in "180-page negotiation text". Need look specifically at target occurrence. The context includes earlier "a negotiation". Target is in compound "negotiation text". The sense for that compound likely either.

The sentence: "...who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on..." This document is a "negotiation text". In UN negotiations, the phrase means a text of the negotiation (specific round of talks). "Negotiation" here is the process/discussion. If we replaced: "180-page talks text"? "180-page dialogue text"? "dialogue text" maybe? "text of the dialogue"? That maps to sense 1. If paraphrase "180-page negotiating text" (gerund activity) maps to sense 2.

For sense 2 examples probably include "the negotiation of a new contract". Attributive use "negotiation text" could be text resulting from the activity of negotiation. The definition "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement" fits; text is a document in that activity. But definitions subtle.

Question likely expects sense 1 or 2. Need make reasoned final. Let's evaluate the candidates and source context. The text previously: "The text ... could provide basis for final political deal... important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time". This says negotiation (a particular set of discussions) is running out of time. Then "180-page negotiation text" is part of same negotiation. So it's a text of this negotiation (a discussion/discussion process). I lean sense 1. But wait, "negotiation text" is an established term. Let's see examples in WordNet for sense 2: Not provided, but maybe: "Negotiation is a skill". Here "in the negotiation" (count) sense 1. Sense 2 maybe "negotiation of the bridge collapsed"? Not. Actually 1:10:00 examples mention "buyout negotiation" and "dialogue", likely sense 1 is derived from "discussion". So "a negotiation text" = a text used in the negotiation/discussion. That would be sense 1.

However, an attributive noun doesn't necessarily require same sense? It compounds. But best sense for semantic is likely sense 2? Let's analyze possible question intent. The two senses distinction: sense 1: discussion/talks; sense 2: activity/business of negotiating. The target phrase "negotiation text" can be understood as "the text that is part of negotiation; negotiation text = text of the negotiation." Since text is a document that is part of a negotiation process, the relevant sense of negotiation is the process (activity). But which WordNet sense covers a process? Sense 2 definition explicitly: "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". That is the process/activity. Sense 1 is "a discussion intended to produce an agreement"—also an event/process. Hmm.

WordNet 3.1 definitions: noun negotiation (sense 1): "a discussion intended to produce an agreement"; synonyms: dialogue, talks. Example: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days". noun negotiation (sense 2): "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms". likely example: "the negotiation of a new treaty"?

When used as attribute noun, "negotiation text" refers to a text used in the process or the text of the discussion. The phrase "a 180-page negotiation text" collocates with political/UN context; a draft text is a "negotiation text" (or negotiating text) because it is being negotiated. If substitute "a 180-page dialogue text" okay, if substitute "activity text" not as natural. So sense 1.

Need output JSON exactly. Use index 1 or 2. I'll choose 1. But ensure final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation <t>text</t> to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target "text" in sentence. Context: "Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation <t>text</t> to focus on ...". The document is a negotiation text. What sense fits? Candidate 1: the words of something written, textual matter. That's generic. Candidate 4: main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc). Candidate 3: textbook. Candidate 2: biblical passage. In context, negotiation text means a written document, draft textual matter. It could be sense 1 (the words of something written). It is a 180-page negotiation text, meaning the textual content of the negotiations. Is sense 1 more appropriate than sense 4? Sense 4: "main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)". Here "text" refers to a document/words of the negotiation, not specifically main body vs illustrations. It likely sense 1: textual matter; the words of something written. Examples: "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech". The negotiation text is the printed/written document of negotiations. So answer index 1. Need return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top <t>climate</t> official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "climate" in context: "the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer". The text is about global warming, greenhouse gases, Copenhagen negotiations, weather/climate in environmental. Top climate official likely official dealing with climate issues (climate change). WordNet sense 1 = weather averaged over long period; sense 2 = prevailing psychological state/mood. So sense 1. Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: official
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate <t>official</t>, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The task is to do fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for lemma "official" in the given context. We need choose the single best indexed sense among candidate senses 1 and 2. Index order: 1 is official%1:18:01::, definition worker who holds or is invested with an office, synonyms=functionary. 2 is official%1:18:00::, definition someone who administers the rules of a game or sport, examples golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling.

Context: "what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as 'the big picture'". That refers to Yvo de Boer, a top climate official at the U.N. (Executive Secretary of UNFCCC). That means a worker who holds or is invested with an office. Not sports official. So sense_index 1.

Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: picture
Target surface form: picture
Context:
The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big <t>picture</t>." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=picture%1:06:00:: | definition=a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface | synonyms=image, icon, ikon | examples=they showed us the pictures of their wedding; a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them
2. sense_key=picture%1:06:01:: | definition=graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface | synonyms=painting | examples=a small painting by Picasso; he bought the painting as an investment
3. sense_key=picture%1:09:00:: | definition=a clear and telling mental image | synonyms=mental picture, impression | examples=he described his mental picture of his assailant; he had no clear picture of himself or his world
4. sense_key=picture%1:26:00:: | definition=a situation treated as an observable object | synonyms=scene | examples=the political picture is favorable; the religious scene in England has changed in the last century
5. sense_key=picture%1:10:00:: | definition=illustrations used to decorate or explain a text | synonyms=pictorial matter | examples=the dictionary had many pictures
6. sense_key=picture%1:10:02:: | definition=a form of entertainment that enacts a story by sound and a sequence of images giving the illusion of continuous movement | synonyms=movie, film, moving picture, moving-picture show, motion picture, motion-picture show | examples=they went to a movie every Saturday night; the film was shot on location
7. sense_key=picture%1:10:01:: | definition=the visible part of a television transmission | synonyms=video | examples=they could still receive the sound but the picture was gone
8. sense_key=picture%1:10:03:: | definition=a graphic or vivid verbal description | synonyms=word picture, word-painting, delineation, depiction, characterization, characterisation | examples=too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures; the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland
9. sense_key=picture%1:09:01:: | definition=a typical example of some state or quality | examples=the very picture of a modern general; she was the picture of despair
10. sense_key=picture%1:06:02:: | definition=a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide; recorded by a camera on light-sensitive material | synonyms=photograph, photo, exposure, pic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for "picture" in phrase "the big picture". Context: climate official described as "the big picture" meaning overall situation, broad perspective, main features. Candidate senses: 1 visual representation, 2 painting, 3 clear and telling mental image (mental picture, impression), 4 situation treated as observable object (scene), 5 illustrations, 6 movie, 7 video, 8 graphic verbal description, 9 typical example, 10 photograph. "The big picture" idiom means the overall situation or broad view. Sense 4 definition: a situation treated as an observable object; synonyms scene; examples "the political picture is favorable". That fits. Sense 3 mental image maybe but "big picture" here is not a mental image of an object but overall situation. Sense 4 best. Return {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: outline
Target surface form: outlines
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the <t>outlines</t> for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=outline%1:15:00:: | definition=the line that appears to bound an object | synonyms=lineation
2. sense_key=outline%1:10:00:: | definition=a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory | synonyms=synopsis, abstract, precis
3. sense_key=outline%1:09:00:: | definition=a schematic or preliminary plan | synonyms=schema, scheme

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform word sense disambiguation for target lemma "outline" surface "outlines" in provided context. Candidate senses are 1 outline%1:15:00:: line that bounds object; 2 outline%1:10:00:: sketchy summary main points; 3 outline%1:09:00:: schematic or preliminary plan. Context: "It shows the <t>outlines</t> for a possible deal". This is metaphorical: shows outlines for a possible deal. Need choose best. Compare sense 2 and 3. "the outlines for a possible deal" meaning rough/general structure? WordNet noun outline: 1 shape boundary; 2 synopsis abstract (communication domain 1:10); 3 schema scheme (cognition domain 1:09). In this context, the text provides a range of options, gives flexibility, shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would cut... The phrase "outlines for a possible deal" could mean blueprint / preliminary plan (scheme). Schema/scheme fits. Sense 2 synopsis/abstract/sketchy summary of main points of argument/theory. A deal isn't argument/theory. Document is boiled down to focus on big picture. It shows the outlines for a possible deal = preliminary plan/scheme. Given WordNet schema/scheme synonyms. So likely sense 3. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 3} only. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze the context carefully to determine the correct sense of "deal" here.

The target word appears in this sentence: "It shows the outlines for a possible <t>deal</t>, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent."

Context clues:
- This is about negotiations in Copenhagen about climate change
- Industrial nations and developing countries are trying to reach an agreement
- The text is about "outlines for a possible deal"
- The "deal" would involve obligations: nations cutting emissions by certain percentages
- The deal is arrived at through negotiation/discussion

Now let's evaluate the candidate senses:

1. "a particular instance of buying or selling" - This is about commercial transactions. The climate context is not about buying/selling. Not correct.

2. "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" - This fits perfectly. Climate negotiations where parties reach an agreement fixing obligations (emission cuts). Synonyms: bargain. Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals". This is the right sense.

3. "(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent" - As in "a great deal". Not used this way here ("a possible deal" - deal is countable noun). Not correct.

4. "a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)" - Literal wood. Not correct.

5. "wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir)" - Literal wood. Not correct.

6. "the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time" - Card game sense. Not correct.

7. "the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)" - Examples: "he got a good deal on his car". This refers to treatment/outcome one receives. Not quite right. The context is about the agreement itself, not the treatment received.

8. "the act of distributing playing cards" - Card dealing action. Not correct.

9. "the act of apportioning or distributing something" - Distribution act. Not correct.

The best sense is sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".

So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their <t>emissions</t> by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer which sense index for emission surface emissions in context. Need choose among candidate senses. User says return JSON {"sense_index": 3}, no sense key, just index. We need identify best index.

Target lemma emission; form emissions in context about carbon emissions, industrial nations cut emissions by 25 to 45 percent, carbon output. Synonyms perhaps discharge. Which sense best fits "carbon emissions"? Candidate 1: act of emitting; causing to flow forth (act/activity noun). Candidate 2: substance that is emitted or released (syn discharge). Candidate 3 release of electrons. Candidate 4 bodily processes. Candidate 5 water flow.

The phrase "cut their emissions" refers to greenhouse gases emitted (substances), akin "carbon emissions" = substances released. In WordNet, emission%1:27:00:: definition "a substance that is emitted or released" syn discharge fits. emission%1:04:00:: is the act. If phrase "carbon emissions" usually refers to gases emitted, substance. However "cut their emissions" could mean quantity of emissions (substances) released. The plural "emissions" suggests countable substances or amounts; WordNet has sense 1 (act) vs 2 (substance). In WSD fine-grained, "carbon emissions" annotated as event/act? WordNet noun group hierarchy: 1:04 = act, 1:27 = substance. "Emissions" as pollutants are substance. Candidate sense index 2.

Need output JSON only. Use index starting from 1 in the order provided? The instruction says choose single best indexed sense, return JSON {"sense_index": 3}. So index based on candidate numbering 1-5. Best is 2.

We must not output anything else. Ensure JSON exact format? They said exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So output {"sense_index": 2}.

Need think about potential ambiguity: "carbon output" and "emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent" - emissions are substances released. Sense 2 definition: a substance that is emitted or released; synonyms discharge. Yes.

Double check WordNet senses. emission as noun: noun.act: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth" (synonym: emanation). noun.substance: "a substance that is emitted or released" (synonym: discharge). noun.process? others. "automobile emissions" in a sample maybe under noun.substance? Actually WordNet examples for sense 1 might include "the emission of light from hot galaxies"? But not recall. For sense 2 examples might include "the discharge of sewage". The bond: "carbon emissions" definitely substance sense. Some classification might treat it as "emission" (noun event) because 'cutting emissions' is reducing the act of emitting. But plural 'emissions' count amounts. Fine-grained WSD often "greenhouse gas emissions" maps to substance sense? Let's consider SuperGLUE Word-in-Context? Not relevant.

We can reason with glosses and context. The sentence: "industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 ... compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent." "emissions" refers to carbon output, substances released into atmosphere. Candidate 2 best.

Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: levels
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 <t>levels</t>, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for word "levels" in context. Context phrase: "compared with 1990 levels" referring to emissions levels. That uses level as a position on a scale of intensity/amount/quality. Definition: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" synonyms degree, grade. Examples: "a high level of care". Candidate 1. It could also be sense 3 "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series" synonyms degree, stage, point; examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness". However for amount levels of emissions, level sense 1 is more about intensity, amount, quality. Sense 3 is more about stage in a process or continuum (levels of progress). "1990 levels" are amounts (specific amounts in a scale), not a process stage. So best is sense_index: 1. Ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: period
Target surface form: period
Context:
But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same <t>period</t> by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=period%1:28:00:: | definition=an amount of time | synonyms=time period, period of time | examples=a time period of 30 years; hastened the period of time of his recovery
2. sense_key=period%1:28:02:: | definition=the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
3. sense_key=period%1:28:07:: | definition=(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
4. sense_key=period%1:28:03:: | definition=a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed | synonyms=geological period | examples=ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods
5. sense_key=period%1:28:04:: | definition=the end or completion of something | examples=death put a period to his endeavors; a change soon put a period to my tranquility
6. sense_key=period%1:22:00:: | definition=the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; ; --Hippocrates; --Aristotle | synonyms=menstruation, menses, menstruum, catamenia, flow | examples=the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation; a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped
7. sense_key=period%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations | synonyms=point, full stop, stop, full point | examples=in England they call a period a stop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. We need choose best sense for "period" in context: "during the same <t>period</t>" referring to 2020 timeframe, amount of time. So sense key period%1:28:00:: definition an amount of time. Index listed 1 among candidates. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club. Michael Zammit Cutajar, who drafted the six-page document, boiled down a 180-page negotiation text to focus on what the U.N.'s top climate official, Yvo de Boer, described as "the big picture." It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "country" in its surface form "countries" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context: "Together, the <t>countries</t> would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050."

The context is about international climate negotiations. The "countries" here refers to nations/governments that would collectively reduce emissions.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. country%1:14:00:: - a politically organized body of people under a single government (synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic)
2. country%1:15:00:: - the territory occupied by a nation (synonyms: state, land)
3. country%1:14:01:: - the people who live in a nation or country (synonyms: nation, land)
4. country%1:15:01:: - an area outside of cities and towns (rural area)
5. country%1:15:02:: - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary

Sense 4 (rural area) can be eliminated since this is not about countryside.
Sense 5 (geographical region) can be eliminated since this isn't about a particular region.
Sense 2 (territory occupied by a nation) is about physical land, not appropriate here.
Sense 3 (the people) - this is about the residents/citizens, not the government entity.

Sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government) seems best. The sentence "Together, the countries would cut emissions" refers to the nations as political entities/governments taking action. The examples include "African nations" which is similar usage.

The previous context also says "rich countries would give poor ones" and "developed and major emerging economies" - all referring to national governments/political entities.

So the best sense is sense 1.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}, but with index 1.