[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
I myself took such courses in college, thinking I might end up a schoolteacher. They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs <t>well</t>. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD. Target lemma well, surface well. Context: "But they need not be [best/brightest] to do their jobs <t>well</t>." Sentence means teachers don't need to be among the best and brightest in order to perform their jobs well. Which sense? Candidate senses are adverb senses. Need choose single best.

Let's analyze candidates:

1. well%4:02:00:: definition in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. examples children behaved well; task well done. Synonym good. This is the default manner adverb meaning 'in a good manner' or 'to a high standard'. "do their jobs well" = perform jobs in a satisfactory manner. This seems candidate 1.

2. thoroughly/completely/fully. Not fit.

3. indicating high probability. no.

4. emphasis entirely/fully. no.

5. suitable/appropriate extent. no.

6. favorably; with approval. "speak well of" not "do jobs well".

7. to a great extent or degree (considerably). Could "well" modify verbs like "well over budget". Not "do jobs well".

8. with great knowledge. no.

9. with prudence or propriety. "you would do well to..." Not.

10. with skill or in a pleasing manner. Example she dances well; he writes well. This is a manner adverb. What distinction between 1 and 10? 1 = in a good/proper/satisfactory manner or to high standard; generic. 10 = with skill or in a pleasing manner. "do their jobs well" could be "with skill". But the context: "seriously committed to conscientious teaching ... But they need not be among the best and brightest... to do their jobs well." It means to perform satisfactorily/high standard; not necessarily with skill/pleasing? The phrase "do X well" broadly is sense 1. Sense 10 examples specifically "dances well, writes well" are about skills/abilities in a pleasing manner. But "do their jobs well" can be considered general manner. Let's see WordNet synsets adverbs for well. Usually "well" has adverb senses: 1 = in a good/proper/satisfactory manner. 10 = with skill or in a pleasing manner. They might be distinct: sense 10 is specifically with skill (e.g., "she plays well" not sense 1). The examples for 1 include "children behaved well; a task well done." That covers "task well done". "do their jobs well" could map to 1 due to "task well done". But "job" is similar to "task". However, "with skill" maybe overlaps. Need determine best sense.

The gloss for sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner". Synonyms? None. Example "she dances well" skill; "he writes well" skill. This is perhaps subsense of 1? In WordNet, adverb sense 1 is general; sense 10 is "with skill or in a pleasing manner". The phrase "do their jobs well" likely means to carry out their duties in a satisfactory/competent manner. Which is more aligned with sense 1? Let's inspect WordNet ordering. Usually "well" adverb senses (wordnet 3.0?) might include:

1. well%4:02:00::: (often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is nonstandard variant). Examples "the children behaved well; a task well done".

10. well%4:02:12:: with skill or in a pleasing manner. Examples "she dances well; he writes well".

Sense 10 may be a subset of sense 1 but distinct by skill/pleasing. In WSD tasks like SemCor, I would like to know annotation for "do ... well". Let's think: "He does his job well" could be sense 10? Or sense 1? It likely maps to sense 1 because gloss includes "a task well done". "do their jobs" = complete tasks. Sense 10 gloss is about skill in performance, but also could fit. However, the context "jobs" suggests tasks/professional duties, not "dances/writes". Best: sense 1.

Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object. No explanation. The instruction says return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So final: {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remember
Target surface form: remember
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can <t>remember</t> one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remember%2:31:00:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
2. sense_key=remember%2:31:01:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=think of | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
3. sense_key=remember%2:31:02:: | definition=recapture the past; indulge in memories | synonyms=think back | examples=he remembered how he used to pick flowers
4. sense_key=remember%2:40:00:: | definition=show appreciation to | examples=He remembered her in his will
5. sense_key=remember%2:32:07:: | definition=mention favorably, as in prayer | examples=remember me in your prayers
6. sense_key=remember%2:32:00:: | definition=mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship | synonyms=commend | examples=Remember me to your wife
7. sense_key=remember%2:31:08:: | definition=exercise, or have the power of, memory | examples=After the shelling, many people lost the ability to remember; some remember better than others
8. sense_key=remember%2:31:09:: | definition=call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony | synonyms=commemorate | examples=We remembered the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz; Remember the dead of the First World War

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully to disambiguate "remember."

Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."

The speaker is talking about recalling inspiring teachers from their past school days. This is an autobiographical/episodic memory act - bringing back past experiences/people from one's personal history.

Let me consider each sense:

1. remember%2:31:00:: - "recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection" - synonyms: retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect, think. Examples: "I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was". This fits well - recalling specific teachers from memory.

2. remember%2:31:01:: - "keep in mind for attention or consideration" - This is more about reminding oneself to do something in the future, or holding something in mind. Doesn't fit.

3. remember%2:31:02:: - "recapture the past; indulge in memories" - synonyms: think back. Examples: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers". This is more about reminiscing, actively indulging in memories.

4. remember%2:40:00:: - "show appreciation to" - Doesn't fit, no financial/practical appreciation involved.

5. remember%2:32:07:: - "mention favorably, as in prayer" - Doesn't fit.

6. remember%2:32:00:: - "mention as by way of greeting or to indicate friendship" - Doesn't fit.

7. remember%2:31:08:: - "exercise, or have the power of, memory" - This is about the general ability to remember. Doesn't fit because we're talking about remembering specific teachers, not general memory ability.

8. remember%2:31:09:: - "call to remembrance; keep alive the memory of someone or something, as in a ceremony" - This is more commemorative/public. Doesn't fit for personal recollection.

Now between 1 and 3.

Sense 1 is about recalling knowledge/information from memory - having a recollection. The examples involve factual recall ("I can't remember saying any such thing", "I can't think what her last name was").

Sense 3 is about recapturing the past; indulging in memories - more experiential/reminiscent. Example: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers".

The context "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days" is about recalling specific people from one's past. This seems like sense 3 - recapturing the past, indulging in memories. It's not just retrieving a fact but recalling personal experiences/teachers from school days.

Actually, let me look more carefully. The phrase "we all can remember" here means we can all recall from our past. It's about episodic memory of people from school days.

Sense 1 examples: "I can't remember saying any such thing" - that's episodic too, recalling an action.
Sense 3 example: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers" - that's experiential reminiscence.

The distinction in WordNet is often subtle. Sense 1 ("recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection") is the most general and common sense. Sense 3 is specifically about "recapture the past; indulge in memories" - emphasis on reliving or experiencing the past.

In "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days," the meaning is fairly neutral - the ability to recall/bring back teachers from memory. It's not strongly about indulging in memories or reminiscing. It's more about simply recalling.

But the phrase "from our school days" does make it temporal/past-oriented. However, sense 1 can also handle recalling things from the past.

Looking at the instruction and the examples:
- Sense 1: "I can't remember saying any such thing" - recalling a past action, similar to remembering teachers.
- Sense 3: "he remembered how he used to pick flowers" - this has a more experiential quality.

I think Sense 1 is the best fit. "We all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" = we can all recall/bring to mind specific teachers. It's an act of recollection.

Actually, re-reading sense 3 definition more carefully: "recapture the past; indulge in memories". The verb "indulge" suggests a deliberate, pleasurable dwelling on memories. The example "he remembered how he used to pick flowers" has a nostalgic tone.

The context "we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers" is not really about indulging in memories; it's making a factual claim that most people can recall at least one or two inspiring teachers from their past. This aligns more with sense 1: recall knowledge/information from memory.

But wait - "inspiring teachers" aren't just knowledge/facts; they're people and the experiences with them. Still, in WSD, sense 1 is typically the default for "remember" followed by a direct object referring to a past person/event/thing, unless there's a clear sense of reminiscence, commemoration, or future obligation.

I believe the answer is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: truly
Target surface form: truly
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two <t>truly</t> inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=truly%4:02:00:: | definition=in accordance with truth or fact or reality | synonyms=genuinely, really | examples=she was now truly American; a genuinely open society
2. sense_key=truly%4:02:01:: | definition=by right | synonyms=rightfully | examples=baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime
3. sense_key=truly%4:02:03:: | definition=with sincerity; without pretense | synonyms=sincerely, unfeignedly | examples=she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher
4. sense_key=truly%4:02:04:: | definition=in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers) | synonyms=in truth, really | examples=in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully.

The target word is "truly" in the sentence: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days."

The word "truly" here modifies "inspiring teachers." It's used as an intensifier - meaning "really" or "genuinely" inspiring teachers. They're not just somewhat inspiring, but genuinely/really inspiring.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. truly%4:02:00:: - "in accordance with truth or fact or reality" - synonyms: genuinely, really - examples: "she was now truly American; a genuinely open society"
   This sense means something is genuinely/really what it is described as. "Truly American" means genuinely American. "Truly inspiring" would mean genuinely inspiring.

2. truly%4:02:01:: - "by right" - synonyms: rightfully - examples: "baseball rightfully is the nation's pastime"
   This doesn't fit. Not about rights.

3. truly%4:02:03:: - "with sincerity; without pretense" - synonyms: sincerely, unfeignedly - examples: "she praised him sincerely for his victory; was unfeignedly glad to see his old teacher"
   This is about manner of doing something sincerely. "Truly inspiring" doesn't mean inspiring sincerely.

4. truly%4:02:04:: - "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)" - synonyms: in truth, really - examples: "in truth, moral decay hastened the decline of the Roman Empire; really, you shouldn't have done it"
   This is used as a sentence modifier or intensifier in a more discourse-level way.

Now, "truly inspiring teachers" - is this sense 1 or sense 4?

Sense 1: "in accordance with truth or fact or reality" - "truly inspiring" = genuinely inspiring, really inspiring. This modifies the adjective "inspiring" directly.

Sense 4: "in fact (used as intensifiers or sentence modifiers)" - This would be more like modifying the whole clause or sentence.

In "truly inspiring teachers," "truly" is an adverb modifying the adjective "inspiring." It's intensifying the adjective, saying they were genuinely inspiring. This maps best to sense 1.

The example "she was now truly American" parallels "truly inspiring teachers" - in both cases, "truly" modifies an adjective and means "genuinely" or "really" in accordance with reality.

Sense 4 examples are sentence modifiers: "in truth, moral decay hastened..." and "really, you shouldn't have done it." These are different syntactic uses.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, the task says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
They could all fairly be described as "pap "courses. But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring <t>teachers</t> from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object sense_index. Target 'teachers' in sentence: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days." Context about schoolteachers, persons. Candidate 1 person whose occupation is teaching, synonyms instructor. Candidate 2 personified abstraction that teaches, examples books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher. Here 'teachers' are people from school days, so sense 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Need only JSON.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best WordNet sense for the word "education" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

"But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our <t>education</t> proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

The phrase "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is key. Here, "education" refers to the process/teaching that the speaker received from teachers. It's about the activities of being taught/instructed, the transfer of knowledge/skill from teachers to students.

Now let's look at the candidates:

1. education%1:04:00 - "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - examples: "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"
2. education%1:09:00 - "knowledge acquired by learning and instruction" - example: "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
3. education%1:09:01 - "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - examples: "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
4. education%1:04:01 - "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)"
5. education%1:07:01 - "the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)"
6. education%1:14:00 - "the United States federal department..."

The crucial distinction is between sense 1 (activities of educating/instructing) vs sense 3 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge).

In the context: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."

This is talking about the education that "proceeded" from the teachers - focusing on what the teachers did, the teaching activities. It aligns closely with "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" because "proceeded at the hands of those others" emphasizes the teachers' imparting of knowledge/skill to the students.

Wait, but sense 3 says "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - "education is a preparation for life" - this focuses on the student's process of learning.

In this context, who is the agent? "proceeded at the hands of those others" - "those others" are the teachers. So the education is something provided by teachers, not something the speaker acquired himself. The focus is on the instructional/transfer activity performed by teachers.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "our education" suggests it is the speaker's education - the time/process during which the speaker was learners. But "proceeded at the hands of" literally means "was carried out/brought about by" - it emphasizes the teachers as agents. This fits sense 1 well: the activities of instructing.

But sense 3 could also fit: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" happened/proceeded under the guidance of teachers.

Let me look more carefully at the glosses and examples:

Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill" - activities done by educators
- Synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity
- Examples: "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"

Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"
- Examples: "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"

The examples for sense 1 use "received" and "our instruction", which suggest a receiver perspective. But the definition is about activities.

Hmm, WordNet senses 1:04:00 and 1:09:01 are actually both "education" but one as a noun.act (the act of teaching) and one as noun.cognition? No wait:

1:04:00 is noun.act - the activities of educating or instructing
1:09:01 is noun.cognition? Let me check the synset categories actually:

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
- 1:04:00 - probably acts
- 1:09:00 - cognition/knowledge acquired
- 1:09:01 - state? process?
- 1:04:01 - act - profession
- 1:07:01 - attribute
- 1:14:00 - group

In the given context, "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" - the word "proceeded" and phrase "at the hands of" give agency to the teachers. This strongly suggests the educational activities as enacted by the teachers.

The comparison "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor" also reinforces the view of teachers as service providers, with education as the service they provide.

So sense 1 seems best.

But wait - could "our education" refer to the person's accumulated learning/knowledge over time? "our knowledge acquired by learning and instruction"? That's sense 2.

In the sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious" - this is describing the process, not the resulting knowledge. It doesn't say "we had a broad education" but rather describes how it unfolded over time under the teachers.

Between sense 1 and sense 3, the key difference in WordNet is:

Sense 1: noun.act - the activities of educating/instructing (agent's perspective, what teachers do)
Sense 3: noun.cognition - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge (patient's perspective, what learners undergo)

The context: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" - this is interesting. "Our" places it from the students' perspective, but "proceeded at the hands of" places agency with teachers. So the word "education" here serves as the process of instruction - what was done to the students by teachers.

Actually, I think sense 3 might be a better fit if we focus on "our" - the gradual process that "we" went through. But sense 1 if we focus on "the hands of those others" - the teaching performed by teachers.

The phrase "proceeded at the hands of those others" is somewhat unusual. It literally means "was carried forward/conducted by those others" - i.e., the teachers carried out the education. This strongly supports sense 1: activities of instructing.

Also, the article's broader context: "But it is unfair to dump on teachers... conscientious teaching... merely competent and conscientious" - it's all about teaching as a service/activity. The author is saying don't blame teachers; the education/teaching provided by most competent teachers was just fine.

I think sense 1 is the best choice: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill."

However, I want to consider if there's any distinction in WordNet practice. In WN, education%1:04:00 and education%1:09:01 both correspond to similar meanings but one categorized as act and one as cognition. The glosses are:

1:04:00 — "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill"
1:09:01 — "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge"

Given the examples provided in the task:
- For sense 1: "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"
- For sense 3: "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"

The phrase "received no formal education" is from the perspective of the recipient but refers to the instruction/teaching that was received, not knowledge that was acquired.

In our context, "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" is analogous to "our instruction was..." or "our education took place under..." - focusing on the teaching activities.

I'll choose sense 1.

Wait, I should also consider whether this is sense 3 — "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge." The phrase "proceeded" suggests a process over time; "our education" as a process. But the agent is the teachers.

Actually, I think both could be argued. But in WordNet disambiguation, we need the single best sense. The strong agency vested in the teachers by "at the hands of those others" and the parallel with "instruction" (which is a synonym of sense 1 and listed as an example) suggests that the author views education as the activity of instructing performed by teachers. The phrase "our education" is like "our treatment" (at hands of family doctor) - highlighting the service/activity provided.

Yes, the author explicitly compares "a teacher" to "one's family doctor" - both provide a professional service. So "education" is the service/activity provided by teachers, like medical treatment.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.

Let me make sure about the numbering. The user provided candidates numbered 1-6. I should return the index matching my choice. My choice is sense index 1.

So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

The instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I return only the JSON, no explanation.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proceed
Target surface form: proceeded
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proceed%2:32:00:: | definition=continue talking;  he continued, | synonyms=continue, go on, carry on | examples=I know it's hard,; but there is no choice
2. sense_key=proceed%2:38:00:: | definition=move ahead; travel onward in time or space | synonyms=go forward, continue | examples=We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills
3. sense_key=proceed%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=go, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
4. sense_key=proceed%2:30:00:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=go | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
5. sense_key=proceed%2:42:00:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, go along, keep | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for "proceeded" in sentence. Let's parse context: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." Here education is subject, proceeded means advanced/carried on/was conducted by those teachers. Need select from senses.

Candidate 1: continue talking; no.
2: move ahead; travel onward in time or space: education proceeded toward? "proceeded at the hands of" maybe metaphorically moved forward.
3: follow a procedure or take a course: examples "We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble"; synonyms go, move. "education proceeded at the hands of" - education took its course under their hands.
4: follow a certain course: "The inauguration went well" - event unfold, go. Education proceeded well? But with phrase "at the hands of".
5: continue a certain state, condition, or activity: with activity; education is not ongoing state exactly, but could.

We need fine-grained WSD. "proceed" here: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" – sense "to go forward or onward" maybe 2:38:00 "move ahead; travel onward in time or space". Example "We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills". For abstract subject education in time: "education proceeded" as moved forward in time. Alternatively sense 4 "follow a certain course" (how something goes). Example "The inauguration went well". For "education proceeded at the hands of..." the meaning is less about manner/well, more about went on/continued/was carried out. Sense 2 can apply to time or space abstractly. Sense 5 is continue a certain state/condition/activity. But "proceed" with subject "education" perhaps is "move forward in time". Let's inspect WordNet senses.

proceed%2:38:00:: - move ahead; travel onward in time or space; "We proceeded towards Washington"; "She continued in the direction of the hills"; "We went from six to five million". This includes temporal. So "education proceeded" means education moved onward in time.

proceed%2:30:00:: - follow a certain course; "The inauguration went well"; "how did your interview go?". That's like "go".

proceed%2:41:00:: - follow a procedure or take a course; "We should go farther in this matter"; "She went through a lot of trouble"; "go about the world in a certain manner"; "Messages must go through diplomatic channels". Sense of taking course of action.

The phrase "at the hands of those others" indicates agency: education was carried out by them. Which sense? Could be proceed%2:38:00 with general onward movement. Maybe best is 2.

Need produce JSON. Since instructions require "do not answer with a WordNet sense key." Return JSON object {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON final.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely <t>competent</t> and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "competent" in this context. Let's analyze. The target surface: "competent". Sentence: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

Candidate senses:
1. competent%3:00:00:: definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient examples=a competent typist. This is an adjective synset likely "competent" as base form: having adequate ability or skills.
2. competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 definition=adequate for the purpose examples=a competent performance. This seems syntactic relation? Actually competent has senses: (1) properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient; (2) adequate for the purpose; (3) legally qualified.
3. legally qualified.

Context: teaching not best and brightest but do jobs well, merely competent and conscientious. Not excellent but adequate; family doctor analogy: competent family doctor. "Merely competent" often means adequate, sufficient for the purpose, not bad. Definition (1) "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient" fits a person. Definition (2) "adequate for the purpose" with example "a competent performance" is more for acts/performances? In WordNet sense 2 maybe "adequate, but not outstanding; suitable" for performance.

We need decide between sense 1 and 2. The context says "who were merely competent and conscientious". "Merely competent" generally means not brilliant, enough to do job properly. Family doctor "competent" means capable but not necessarily exceptional. Gloss 1 examples: "a competent typist" (person with enough skill). Gloss 2 example: "a competent performance" (event/performance adequate). The target modifies "teachers" (people). So sense 1 is more appropriate. Additionally sense 2 is satellite perhaps "competent%5" which is "adequate for the purpose" maybe reading "competent = adequate" as a satellite of adequate. In WordNet, adjective satellites are represented as %5. The semantic nuance might be "adequate" but applied to performance or result. Here "were competent" applies to people. So sense_index=1.

We must output JSON only exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. No extra text. Ensure sense index matches candidate list (1-indexed).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sense
Target surface form: sense
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this <t>sense</t>, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05:: | definition=a general conscious awareness | examples=a sense of security; a sense of happiness
2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00:: | definition=the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted | synonyms=signified | examples=the dictionary gave several senses for the word; in the best sense charity is really a duty
3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02:: | definition=the faculty through which the external world is apprehended | synonyms=sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty | examples=in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing
4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04:: | definition=sound practical judgment | synonyms=common sense, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit | examples=Common sense is not so common; he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples
5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06:: | definition=a natural appreciation or ability | examples=a keen musical sense; a good sense of timing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target "sense" in context. Let's analyze. The phrase: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." This is common phrase "in this sense" meaning in this meaning/interpretation/respect. Candidate sense 2: the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted. Examples: "in the best sense charity is really a duty". Also "in this sense" used to indicate a particular interpretation or respect. Sense 1 general conscious awareness, "a sense of security". Sense 3 faculty. Sense 4 sound practical judgment. Sense 5 natural appreciation/ability. The context uses "in this sense" as discourse marker meaning "in this respect/meaning". Thus best is sense 2 (index 2). Return JSON {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teacher
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a <t>teacher</t> can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "teacher" in the given context. The target surface form is "teacher" and the lemma is "teacher". There are two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Context analysis: The passage discusses schoolteachers, their commitment to teaching, inspiring teachers from school days, and compares a teacher to one's family doctor. The comparison to a family doctor (a person whose occupation is providing medical care to families) strongly suggests that "teacher" here refers to a person whose occupation is teaching.

The context explicitly talks about "schoolteachers" and "family doctor" - both are human occupations/professions. The use of "he" later ("If he were brilliant") confirms it's a person being referred to, not an abstraction.

Sense 1 is the person sense. Sense 2 is the abstraction sense, used for things like "experience is a teacher".

The best indexed sense is 1.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with index 1.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be <t>compared</t> to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target word "compared" in context. Sentence: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor." This is a passive construction: "can be compared to". This means describe as similar/analogous = liken/equate (sense 3). Compare with compare%2:31:01::. It is not examine similarities/differences (sense 1) which likely transitive use compare X to Y but not specifically likening. Here "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor" is equating them as analogous. Sense 3 definition: consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous (liken/equate). Examples include "compare the Han dynasty to the Romans". So best index is 3. Need return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: one
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to <t>one</t>'s family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "one" in the phrase "one's family doctor."

Looking at the context: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

Here "one's" is used as a possessive pronoun, meaning "a person's" or "your" in a generic sense. This is the generic/impersonal use of "one."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. one%1:23:00:: - the numeral "one" - meaning the smallest whole number
2. one%1:09:00:: - a single person or thing

Both of these candidate senses seem to be about "one" as a numeral or a specific single thing, not the generic personal pronoun usage.

Wait, but I need to think about which of the two given senses is best. "One's family doctor" uses "one" as a generic pronoun, but neither candidate seems to capture that exactly.

Sense 1 is specifically about the numeral/cardinal number.
Sense 2 is about a single person or thing.

"One's family doctor" - this "one" refers to a person (generic). It's not a numeral usage. It's more like a reference to a single person (though impersonal/generic). So between the two, sense 2 (a single person or thing) might be closer than sense 1 which is specifically numerical.

However, neither WordNet sense really captures the impersonal pronoun usage. WordNet may not provide that exact sense in these candidates. But following the instruction to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidates, I need to pick the better fit.

Actually, let me reconsider. In "one's family doctor," "one" stands for "a person" or "someone" - it's used to refer to people in general. This is pronominal. The definition "a single person or thing" (sense 2) captures "single person" which is closer to this usage than "the smallest whole number" (sense 1).

So my answer is sense 2.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brilliant
Target surface form: brilliant
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were <t>brilliant</t>, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 | definition=of surpassing excellence | synonyms=superb | examples=a brilliant performance; a superb actor
2. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence | synonyms=brainy, smart as a whip | examples=some men dislike brainy women; a brilliant mind
3. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 | definition=characterized by grandeur | synonyms=glorious, magnificent, splendid | examples=the brilliant court life at Versailles; a glorious work of art
4. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=bright, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
5. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 | definition=full of light; shining intensely | examples=a brilliant star; brilliant chandeliers
6. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=bright | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best indexed sense for "brilliant" in context. Let's analyze context. They compare teacher to family doctor: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." The contrast is with "merely competent and conscientious" and earlier "best and brightest", "very few such people". The meaning of brilliant here likely "having unusual and impressive intelligence" sense 2 (intelligent), because family doctor if brilliant would be a specialist/researcher, not ordinary. The phrase "best and brightest" alludes to intelligence. So best sense index 2. Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he <t>probably</t> would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for "probably" in context. Let's analyze. Target sentence: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place." This is a counterfactual conditional about likelihood. "Probably" modifies "would not be" indicating high probability. Sense 1: with considerable certainty; without much doubt; synonyms likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike. Examples: He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war. Sense 2: easy to believe on the basis of available evidence; synonyms credibly, believably, plausibly; examples: he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election. The context is about likelihood, not credibility/plausibility of a statement. So sense 1. Return {"sense_index":1}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is <t>competent</t> and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON. The task: choose best indexed sense for target 'competent' in context. Let's analyze.
Context: comparing teacher to family doctor: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." Earlier: "who were merely competent and conscientious". The meaning: properly or sufficiently qualified/capable/efficient. Not brilliant but adequate. Candidate senses:
1. properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient; examples a competent typist. This corresponds to adjective sense likely synset competent? 3:00:00.
2. adequate for the purpose; examples a competent performance. This is satellite? 5:00:00:adequate:00.
3. legally qualified or sufficient; court testimony. Not relevant.
Need choose single best. The context emphasizes capable enough to do job well, serves well, rather than merely adequate performance. The expression "competent and conscientious" with "merely competent" suggests enough qualification/capability. Sense 1 definition properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient. That matches doctor/teacher capable. Sense 2 'adequate for the purpose' could also fit, but example "a competent performance" suggests evaluation of performance quality adequate. Here describing person (teacher/doctor) as competent and conscientious. WordNet adjective sense 1: describes person qualified/capable. Sense 2 is similar to adequate in context of a performance. The text: "But they need not be [brilliant] to do their jobs well... merely competent and conscientious... If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." Most salient meaning: sufficiently capable. Best indexed sense is 1.
Need return only JSON object. {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: serve
Target surface form: serves
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he <t>serves</t> us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=serve%2:42:03:: | definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | synonyms=function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table; The female students served as a control group
2. sense_key=serve%2:33:00:: | definition=do duty or hold offices; serve in a specific function | examples=He served as head of the department for three years; She served in Congress for two terms
3. sense_key=serve%2:42:01:: | definition=contribute or conduce to | examples=The scandal served to increase his popularity
4. sense_key=serve%2:41:00:: | definition=be used by; as of a utility | synonyms=service | examples=The sewage plant served the neighboring communities; The garage served to shelter his horses
5. sense_key=serve%2:34:01:: | definition=help to some food; help with food or drink | synonyms=help | examples=I served him three times, and after that he helped himself
6. sense_key=serve%2:34:00:: | definition=provide (usually but not necessarily food) | synonyms=serve up, dish out, dish up, dish | examples=We serve meals for the homeless; She dished out the soup at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=serve%2:41:02:: | definition=devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas | examples=She served the art of music; He served the church
8. sense_key=serve%2:42:02:: | definition=promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to | synonyms=serve well | examples=Art serves commerce; Their interests are served
9. sense_key=serve%2:42:00:: | definition=spend time in prison or in a labor camp | synonyms=do | examples=He did six years for embezzlement
10. sense_key=serve%2:41:01:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=attend to, wait on, attend, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
11. sense_key=serve%2:35:00:: | definition=deliver a warrant or summons to someone | synonyms=process, swear out | examples=He was processed by the sheriff
12. sense_key=serve%2:42:12:: | definition=be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity | synonyms=suffice, do, answer | examples=A few words would answer; This car suits my purpose well
13. sense_key=serve%2:41:13:: | definition=do military service | examples=She served in Vietnam; My sons never served, because they are short-sighted
14. sense_key=serve%2:35:01:: | definition=mate with | synonyms=service | examples=male animals serve the females for breeding purposes
15. sense_key=serve%2:33:01:: | definition=put the ball into play | examples=It was Agassi's turn to serve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "serves" in the given context. Let me analyze carefully.

Target sentence: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."

Context: A teacher compared to a family doctor. If brilliant, wouldn't be a family doctor. If competent and conscientious, serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. serve a purpose, role, or function - "serves us well" could function/role well
2. do duty or hold offices
3. contribute or conduce to
4. be used by; as of a utility
5. help to some food
6. provide food
7. devote one's life to
8. promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to - synonyms include "serve well" - examples: "Their interests are served", "Art serves commerce"
9. spend time in prison
10. work for or be a servant to
11. deliver a warrant
12. be sufficient; be adequate
13. do military service
14. mate with
15. put the ball into play

The key phrase is "serves us well". The sentence is about a family doctor serving patients well. The meaning is "is useful/beneficial to" or "performs function/role well".

Looking at sense 8: "promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to" with synonyms "serve well" and examples "Art serves commerce; Their interests are served". This closely matches "he serves us well" = he benefits us, is useful/beneficial to us.

Looking at sense 1: "serve a purpose, role, or function" - examples like "The tree stump serves as a table". Not exactly "serves us well".

Sense 10: "work for or be a servant to" - "May I serve you?" - this is more direct servitude.

Sense 8 has the exact phrase "serve well" as a synonym, which matches "serves us well" in the sentence. The meaning of being beneficial/useful to us fits the context of a competent doctor being beneficial to patients.

So the answer should be sense 8 (index 8, which is the 8th listed candidate sense).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us <t>well</t>. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense. The user asks JSON only. We need analyze context. Target lemma well, surface form well. Sentence: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." Previously: teacher compared to family doctor; if brilliant, wouldn't be family doctor; if competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Meaning: in a satisfactory/proper manner; to a high standard; favorably. The phrase "serves us well" means performs service in a good/proper/satisfactory manner.

Candidate senses:
1. definition in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. synonyms good; examples children behaved well; a task well done.
6. favorably; with approval; examples neighbors spoke well of them; thought well of the book.
10. with skill or in a pleasing manner; examples she dances well; he writes well.
11. in a manner affording benefit or advantage; advantageously; she married well.
12. comfortably.
13. without distress.

"serves us well" likely means attends to our needs in a good/satisfactory manner. Could be sense 1 or 11? "serve us well" idiom: be of benefit or use. But here literal: he (doctor/teacher) serves us well => provides good service. The phrase "serves us well" in WordNet? sense 1 "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner" fits. The examples "task well done" are similar: service done well. Also "behaved well". Sense 10 "with skill or in a pleasing manner" could apply but "serves us well" not about skill. Sense 11 advantageously: "she married well" = financially. Not here. Sense 6 favorably/approval "spoke well of". Not here. Sense 1 likely. So answer {"sense_index": 1}.

Need ensure only JSON object, no extra. They said do not answer with sense key. Return only JSON.

Consider possibility: "well" in "he serves us well" could be sense 11 "in a manner affording benefit or advantage". The verb "serve" means to render assistance; "serves us well" = provides help beneficially. Example "married well". But "well" modifies "serves". WordNet sense 1 is general, can mean "properly". Let's check actual WordNet mapping. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: = adverb; (often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard. This usually corresponds to "do well", "well done". sense 11 = advantageously; "The children were settled advantageously in Seattle". "serves us well" is likely parsed as "in a good manner". The phrase "serve (someone) well" could be advantage (it serves you well = it is advantageous). In this context though: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well." Not "it serves us well" referring to a thing/person. It's personal service. Competent/conscientious => good service. So sense 1.

Let's produce final JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our <t>teachers</t> are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma teacher surface teachers in given context. Need choose among sense indices 1 and 2. sense 1 person occupation teaching. sense 2 personified abstraction that teaches examples books were teachers, experience demanding teacher.

Context: "Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our <t>teachers</t> are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem."

The target "teachers" appears first sentence "inspiring teachers from our school days" and target tag in "Our <t>teachers</t> are not...". Clearly human teachers from school. Thus sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an <t>important</t> factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD on word important in given context. User asks: return JSON with sense_index. Need choose single best index among candidates 1-5. Let's analyze.

Context: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem."

Target: important modifying factor. Meaning: teachers are not a significant/major factor in the crisis. Candidate definitions:

1 important%3:00:00:: of great significance or value; synonyms=of import; examples important people; the important questions of the day. This is broad basic sense.

2 important%3:00:04:: important in effect or meaning; synonyms=significant; examples a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution.

3 important%3:00:02:: of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; synonyms=crucial; examples a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election.

4 authoritative, influential.

5 immodest.

We need choose best. The phrase "important factor" maybe means significant factor. Sense 2 focuses on effect or meaning: important in effect or meaning. Sense 1 of great significance or value. The difference maybe in WordNet grouping: important (3:00:00) maybe all-important? Let's recall WordNet synsets for important. important as adjective may have senses: important (all-important, of import) of great significance or value; significant (of import) important in effect or meaning; crucial (important) of extreme importance; authoritative (important) having authority or influence; (immodest) having or suggesting consciousness of high position.

In context, "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis." It means teachers are not a major/significant cause. "important factor" is often synonymous with significant factor. Sense 2 might be more precisely "important in effect or meaning" and synonyms=significant. Context says whether they are underpaid is not an educational problem, so teacher quality is not a significant cause of crisis. The phrase "factor" refers causal effect. So sense 2 likely best.

But need be careful: sense 3 says "vital to the resolution of a crisis" (crucial). Educational crisis appears in context, so "important factor in our educational crisis" could be "crucial to resolving crisis". But the sentence denies teachers are an important factor. Does the speaker mean "teachers are not crucial to resolving the crisis" or "not a significant factor"? The larger argument: teachers are competent but not the cause; they are not significant factor in explaining crisis. The word factor = element affecting a situation. Important = significant, not necessarily crucial/vital. The immediate phrase "in our educational crisis" might trigger "crisis" but sense 3 specifically "of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis" -> if resolving crisis, then yes. However, "factor in crisis" doesn't necessarily mean resolving. Example: "Teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis" could mean they are not a significant contributing factor. WordNet sense 2 examples include "significant change in tax laws" (has effect). A factor's importance in a crisis is its significance/effect. Also, sense 2's gloss "important in effect or meaning" maps to "significant." In contrast sense 1 is more "of great significance or value" -> maybe for social importance, "important people." The phrase "important factor" often patterns with sense 1 or 2? Let's consider mapping.

For WSD tasks, "important" before "factor" might often annotated as sense 2 (significant) perhaps. But we should also look at WordNet lexical filename? Let's recall exact WordNet indices. In Princeton WordNet 3.0:
important%3:00:00:: (a) of great significance or value; "important people"; "the important questions of the day"?
important%3:00:04:: (s) important in effect or meaning; "a significant change in tax laws"; "a significant change in the Constitution"; "a significant contribution"
important%3:00:02:: (s) of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis; "a crucial moment in his career"; "a crucial election"; "a crucial issue for women"
important%5:00:00:influential:00 (s) having authority or ascendancy or influence;
important%5:00:00:immodest:02 (s) having or suggesting a consciousness of high position;

Indices in order: 1,2,3,4,5 as given.

We need choose from given candidate senses index 1-5.

The context: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem." The author argues teacher competence isn't the key issue. Saying not an important factor = not a significant cause. That aligns with sense 2.

Could sense 3 be better because "educational crisis" -> crucial to resolving? Let's inspect example of sense3: "a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election". It means decisive, critical. The argument doesn't consider teachers decisive in solving the crisis, but the phrase "factor in crisis" is more about contributing cause. Even if sense3 could substitute: "teachers are not a crucial factor" maybe too strong; important used here as strong version? The surrounding says merely competent; if he is brilliant, he wouldn't be family doctor; teachers not *that* important. It downplays their role rather than extreme importance. The best general sense is 2 (significant). Actually the word "important" itself within "not an important factor" means significant.

Let's examine role: "factor" = "a component producing an effect." Important in effect or meaning = significant. Sense 1 is of great significance or value; can apply to factor, but sense 2 is specific to "in effect or meaning" captured by "factor" as cause/effect. The candidate's examples of sense 1 are "important people; important questions of the day" which implies prominence or value, not causal effect. So sense 2 fits.

Thus answer {"sense_index": 2}. Must output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no extra spaces? They provided exact like {"sense_index": 3}. So output {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factor
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important <t>factor</t> in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "factor" in a given context. Let me analyze carefully.

The context is:
"Our teachers are not an important <t>factor</t> in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem."

The sentence is saying that teachers are not an important "factor" in the educational crisis - meaning they don't causally contribute to the result of the crisis.

Candidate sense 1: "anything that contributes causally to a result" with example "a number of factors determined the outcome" - this fits perfectly. The sentence is saying teachers are not a contributing cause to the educational crisis.

Candidate sense 2: "an abstract part of something" with synonyms component, constituent, element, ingredient. This seems close but the context specifically uses "factor" in the sense of something contributing causally to a result, not just an abstract part. The phrase "important factor in our educational crisis" strongly suggests causality.

The other senses (mathematical divisor, businessman, multiplier, independent variable in statistics, gene) don't fit the context.

The best sense is sense 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our <t>educational</t> crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for lemma educational in context. Need choose between two senses:
1. relating to process of education. example educational psychology.
2. providing knowledge. example educational film.

Context: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our <t>educational</t> crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem." Need decide which sense. "educational crisis" and "educational problem" here likely relating to education (system/process) rather than providing knowledge. Sense 1 = relating to the process of education. Sense 2 = providing knowledge (instructive). The phrase educational crisis means crisis in education, not a crisis that teaches. educational problem = a problem concerning education, not a problem that is instructive. Thus sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crisis
Target surface form: crisis
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational <t>crisis</t>. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crisis%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty | examples=they went bankrupt during the economic crisis
2. sense_key=crisis%1:11:00:: | definition=a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something | examples=after the crisis the patient either dies or gets better

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for word crisis in context. Need choose between sense_key crisis%1:26:00:: (unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty) and crisis%1:11:00:: (crucial stage/turning point). Sentence: "Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis." Educational crisis likely means a situation of difficulty/danger in education, not a turning point. So sense 1 likely. The candidate list order: 1 unstable situation, 2 turning point. Answer JSON {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a <t>problem</t> of equity; it is not an educational problem. It is silly libel on our teachers to think they would educate our children better if only they got a few thousand dollars a year more.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word is "problem" in the sentence:
"Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem."

The sentence contrasts two types of problems:
- A "problem of equity" (related to fairness, payment, social/economic matters)
- An "educational problem"

The author is arguing that teacher salaries are not an educational issue but rather an equity/moral issue.

Now let's consider the senses:
1. "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" with synonym "job" - examples: "she and her husband are having problems" (relationship difficulties), "it is always a job to contact him"
2. "a question raised for consideration or solution" - examples: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve" (math problems, questions)
3. "a source of difficulty" with synonym "trouble" - examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job", "what's the problem?"

Let me think about which fits best.

"a problem of equity" - This is talking about an issue, a matter of concern. It's not a homework question (sense 2). It's more like an issue or state of difficulty.

Actually, "problem of equity" means it's an equity issue, a matter of fairness. It's a question or issue to be considered. But in this context, it seems to be referring to a state or condition that needs resolution.

Let me look at sense 1 vs sense 3 more carefully.

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - this is about a problematic situation.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - this is about a cause of difficulty, something that's troublesome.

"Whether teachers are underpaid is a problem of equity" - The word "problem" here refers to the issue/matter itself. It's not a source of difficulty but rather a state or condition (the state of being underpaid or not, and whether that's fair).

Hmm, but let me think again. The phrase "a problem of equity" is similar to "a matter of equity" or "an issue of equity." It's classifying what type of issue this is.

In WordNet, "problem%1:26:00::" (sense 1) is the most general sense and seems to fit best here. The sentence is saying that teacher pay is a difficulty/issue that needs resolution, but it's one of equity rather than education.

Sense 3 ("source of difficulty") seems less fitting because teachers being underpaid isn't exactly a source of difficulty in this context - it's being classified as a type of issue.

Sense 2 definitely doesn't fit because it's not a question raised for consideration/solution in the academic sense.

I believe the best answer is sense 1.

Wait, let me reconsider. The gloss for sense 1 says "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved." The context: "Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity" - the question of whether they are underpaid is an equity issue. This is more like a matter or question. But sense 2 is specifically "a question raised for consideration or solution" with an example of homework problems.

Actually, the closest parallel might be sense 1. Let me think of the phrase "a problem of equity" as in "this is a matter that involves equity, a state of difficulty needing resolution."

Could sense 3 work? "a source of difficulty" - if something is "a problem of equity," it could mean it causes difficulty in the realm of equity. But that doesn't quite fit the contrast with "educational problem."

Both "problem of equity" and "educational problem" are classifying domains of problems/issues. The word "problem" here means something like "issue/matter/concern."

In WordNet, sense 1 (problem%1:26:00::) has the synonym "job" and examples about difficulties. Sense 3 (problem%1:09:00::) has the synonym "trouble" and examples about sources of difficulty.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because the sentence is talking about a difficulty/issue that needs resolution (even if not literally), not specifically a source of difficulty.

Actually, looking at this more carefully, I want to make sure. The phrase "it is not an educational problem" clearly has "problem" meaning "difficulty/issue in the educational domain." This aligns with sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved."

Let me go with sense 1.