[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of <t>ringers</t>. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We have target lemma ringer surface ringers. Context about church bell ringing, Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, lack of ringers, 100,000 trained bellringers. Need choose single best indexed sense among candidate senses:
1 ringer%1:18:02:: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation); synonyms toller, bell ringer.
2 dead ringer clone
3 contestant false pretenses
4 horseshoes throw
Clearly sense 1. Need return only JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One <t>survey</t> says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "survey" in context. Let's analyze. Target sentence: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." Here "survey" means a study/investigation collecting data, a detailed critical inspection? WordNet senses: 1 survey%1:04:02:: detailed critical inspection synonyms=study. 2 survey%1:10:00:: short descriptive summary (of events) synonyms sketch resume. 3 survey%1:04:01:: act of looking/seeing/observing synonyms view sight. The context: "One survey says..." refers to a poll/study. That aligns with sense 1: detailed critical inspection (study). Not a summary of events, not visual observation. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Cloudflare

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON only. Need choose best sense for "says" in sentence: "One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." Target lemma say. Candidate senses listed by index 1-11. Need map index to sense_key. The indices correspond to order given. We need determine which sense best fits "One survey says that...".

Sense 1: express in words, state, tell. Example "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you". This is generic say with that-clause. Sense 2: report or maintain, allege, aver. Example "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war". Sense 4: have or contain a certain wording or form, read. Example "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?". For a survey "says that...", could be sense 1 or 2 or 4. Let's analyze.

WordNet sense say%2:32:00:: express in words: "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is the most common sense for communication verb with content clause. Sense 2 report or maintain: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war". The distinction? WN sense 2 maybe "report or maintain" often used with claims, allegations, perhaps "The report says..."? Let's check WordNet. say%2:32:01:: = report or maintain; "The registrar says that I owe the school money". Hmm. Actually WordNet senses: say v.1 (express in words) "He said that he wanted to marry her"; say v.2 (report or maintain) "The paper says..."? Let's recall. WordNet 3.1 senses for verb say: 1 express in words; 2 report or maintain; 3 express a supposition; 4 have or contain a certain wording or form; 5 give instructions; 6 pronounce; 7 communicate or express nonverbally; 8 utter aloud; 9 state as one's opinion; 10 recite; 11 indicate. The examples: sense 2 "The registrar says that I owe the school money" maybe. But given examples: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war". That suggests reporting/maintaining a proposition, often with source. "One survey says that..." is a report from a survey. Could be sense 2. However generic "express in words" also fits. Need choose single best.

Let's examine context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." The subject is a survey (a document/study). It reports a finding. In WordNet, sense 4 "have or contain a certain wording or form" examples: "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?" That is about text containing wording, not a that-clause reporting fact. "One survey says that..." is more like the survey reports/maintains a proposition. Sense 2 synonyms: allege, aver. But "allege" implies assertion without proof, often legal. "Aver" means assert. A survey says... maybe "report or maintain". The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" is similar: subject reports a proposition. So sense 2 likely.

But we need be careful: The target surface form "says" appears also earlier: "says John C. Baldwin" and "Says Mr. Baldwin". But the <t> tags only around the third occurrence? Actually context includes multiple says, but target surface form says and the <t>says</t> marks one occurrence: "One survey <t>says</t> that...". So we disambiguate that one.

Need output JSON {"sense_index": 2} maybe. Let's verify if any other sense could be better. Sense 1 express in words: "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is the basic communication sense. But WordNet distinguishes sense 2 as "report or maintain". The difference is subtle. In many WSD datasets, "The report says..." often annotated as say%2:32:01::? Let's recall SemCor. Example: "The report says..." maybe sense 2. Actually I can search memory: WordNet sense 2 "report or maintain" examples include "The registrar says that I owe the school money". So a survey saying something is likely sense 2. The subject is non-human (survey) but can express words? Sense 1 usually human agent. Sense 2 can be documents/reports. So best is 2.

Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bellringers
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained <t>bellringers</t> in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense. Context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." Also mentions Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, ringers, church bells. So target refers to people who ring church bells. Sense 1 definition: a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation), synonyms toller, ringer. Sense 2: plays musical handbells. Sense 3: idiomatic success. Clearly sense 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. We need choose sense index 1 or 2? The instruction: choose best indexed sense for today in context. Context: "100,000 trained bellringers in England today" means current time/present day. Candidate 1 definition: the present time or age, examples: world of today, today we have computers. Candidate 2: the day that includes present moment as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow, examples: Today is beautiful, did you see today's newspaper? The phrase "in England today" refers to present period/age (nowadays), not the specific day (calendar day). Better sense_key=today%1:28:00::, index 1. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet sense for 'only' in sentence: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring." We need return JSON {"sense_index": <1-7>}. Let's analyze.

WordNet senses for adverb only:

1. only%4:02:02:: definition=and nothing more; synonyms=merely, simply, just, but; examples: I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time.

2. only%4:02:01:: definition=without any others being included or involved; synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone; examples: was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children.

3. only%4:02:00:: definition=with nevertheless the final result; examples: He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round.

4. only%4:02:04:: definition=in the final outcome; examples: These news will only make you more upset.

5. only%4:02:06:: definition=except that; examples: It was the same story; only this time she came out better.

6. only%4:02:03:: definition=never except when; synonyms=only if, only when; examples: call me only if your cold gets worse.

7. only%4:02:05:: definition=as recently as; examples: I spoke to him only an hour ago.

The usage here: "only 40,000 of them still ring" - restricting number, no more than 40,000. It means 'and no more' / 'merely'. That's sense 1? But sense 2 is 'without any others being included or involved' / exclusively. Which is more appropriate? Let's examine subtlety. "Only 40,000 of them still ring" indicates that the number is small, merely/no more than 40,000. In WordNet, sense 1 is adverb: and nothing more. "only" with numbers often in this sense? But sense 2 (exclusively) could also fit: "only" as "solely" 40,000? The gloss for sense 1 includes synonyms merely, simply, just, but. "I was merely asking". In corpus examples, "only 40,000" could be paraphrased as "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000". Sense 2 synonyms entirely, exclusively, solely, alone - "was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to problem children". "Only 40,000 still ring" not really 'exclusively 40,000'. It means of 100,000, merely/no more than 40,000 still ring. This is restrictive scalar focus particle, which aligns with sense 1 'and nothing more' (merely, just). Need be careful: WordNet adverb senses: only (r) sense 1: 'and nothing more' e. "I was merely asking"; "it is simply a matter of time"; "just a scratch"; "he was only a child"; "hopes that last but a moment". yes 'only a child' -> 'and nothing more'?? Actually "only a child" means merely a child, not exclusively a child. So sense 1.

But check WordNet actual ordering: In WordNet 3.1, only (adv) has synsets:
- only (r) 1: "and nothing more; 'I was merely asking'; 'it is simply a matter of time'; 'just a scratch'; 'he was only a child'; 'hopes that last but a moment'" (Synonyms: merely, simply, just, but, only)
- only (r) 2: "without any others being included or involved; 'was entirely to blame'; 'a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children'; 'will be solely responsible'; 'an example is solely the author's opinion'; 'a story devoted entirely to boxing'; 'he arrived for our meeting single-handed'; 'had due to the hurricane but only a few still live there'"? Hmm maybe example "only a few"? Let's check. Actually WordNet gloss for only%4:02:01:: "without any others being included or involved" synonyms entirely exclusively solely alone only. Example maybe "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children; he arrived for our meeting single-handed; had due to the hurricane but only a few still live there"? Not sure.

Which sense is 'only 40,000'? Let's consider substitution tests.
- "and nothing more: 40,000 and nothing more still ring." That's okay.
- "without any others being included or involved: 40,000 exclusively still ring (i.e., no other ringers)." Since context says of 100,000 trained ringers, 40,000 still ring; the other 60,000 don't. So the group of those who still ring consists exclusively of 40,000. Could be sense 2? But typical use of only with quantity is restrictively 'merely/no more than' (sense 1). The sentence emphasizes lack of ringers: only 40,000 of 100,000 still ring. "Only" quantificational restriction: 'no more than 40,000' rather than 'exclusively 40,000'. The WordNet sense 1 covers "just" "merely". 'Only 40,000' = 'just 40,000' / 'merely 40,000'. So sense 1.

We should choose one sense, not hedge. Return JSON with sense_index. The candidate senses listed with numbers. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". They want the index from the candidate list. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure no extra text.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer by choosing the single best indexed sense among four for "still" in sentence "only 40,000 of them still ring." Need reason. The target lemma still as adverb. Context: of 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Means they continue to ring, unchanged over time, with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation. That's sense 1. Sense 2 despite concession, not. Sense 3 comparative, not. Sense 4 stock-still not. So answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD. Target lemma ringer, surface ringers in context about church bell ringers. Candidate senses: 1 person who rings church bells (toller, bell ringer), 2 dead ringer/clone, 3 contestant entered under false pretenses, 4 horseshoes throw. Context is all about church bell ringing, trained bellringers, need ringers in parishes, attract and train ringers. So sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for "always" in the sentence: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

Let me analyze the meaning here. The sentence says that ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung. This means it's not the case that ringers live where the bells need to be rung on every occasion/at all times. In other words, sometimes ringers live where bells need to be rung, and sometimes they don't.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" - synonyms: ever, e'er. Examples: "I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time"
2. "without variation or change, in every case" - synonyms: constantly, invariably. Examples: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time"
3. "without interruption" - synonyms: constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly. Examples: "the world is constantly changing"
4. "at any time or in any event" - examples: "you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off"
5. "forever; throughout all time" - examples: "we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always"

The usage here is about a generalization: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung." This means it's not true in every case / not all the time.

Sense 1 "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" seems to fit well. The negative "do not always" means "not on every occasion" or "not all the time."

Sense 2 "without variation or change, in every case" also seems plausible. "Ringers do not invariably live where the bells need to be rung."

The distinction between sense 1 and sense 2 is subtle. Sense 1 is about temporal frequency ("all the time and on every occasion"), while sense 2 is about consistency/variation ("without variation or change, in every case").

In this context, we're talking about where ringers live relative to where bells need to be rung. This is more about cases/instances rather than time per se. "Ringers do not always live..." means "it is not always the case that ringers live..." This seems closer to sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case."

However, "always" in negative constructions like "do not always" often corresponds to sense 1. Let me think more carefully.

Sense 1 examples: "always arrives on time" - this is about habitual behavior, each occasion.
Sense 2 examples: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time" - this is about invariable behavior.

Actually, both senses have "he always arrives on time" as an example, which suggests these senses are very close. But looking at the glosses:
- Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion"
- Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case"

In the sentence "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung," we're making a general statement about the distribution of ringers. It's not about temporal continuity but about the variability of cases. Some ringers live near bells, some don't. So "not in every case" seems to fit.

But wait, "always" in this context is really about frequency/proportion: "it is not always the case that..." This could map to either sense.

Let me consider the negative construction. "Not always" = "not on every occasion" = sense 1, or "not in every case" = sense 2.

I think sense 1 is the more common interpretation for "not always" in general statements. For example, "The train doesn't always arrive on time" means "the train doesn't arrive on time on every occasion." This maps to sense 1.

However, in this specific context about ringers living in certain places, it's a categorical statement about cases rather than temporal occasions. "Ringers do not always live where the bells are" = "It is not invariably the case that ringers live where the bells are."

I need to choose the single best sense. Let me look at the WordNet sense keys to understand the ordering. The senses are:
1. always%4:02:00:: - at all times; all the time and on every occasion
2. always%4:02:04:: - without variation or change, in every case
3. always%4:02:03:: - without interruption
4. always%4:02:02:: - at any time or in any event
5. always%4:02:01:: - forever; throughout all time

The sense key numbering in WordNet can give hints about semantic clusters. %4:02:00 is the most common sense (adverb, "at all times"). %4:02:04 is "constantly, invariably."

For "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung," the meaning is "it is not always the case" or "not on every occasion." I lean towards sense 1 because "always" here is about the truth of a proposition across occasions/cases - "on every occasion."

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 2's definition: "without variation or change, in every case." The phrase "in every case" is key. The sentence is about cases where ringers live relative to bells. "Not in every case" fits.

But sense 1 is "all the time and on every occasion." The word "occasion" is similar to "case."

Hmm, this is tricky. Let me think about the synonymous substitution:
- Sense 1 synonyms: ever, e'er. "Ringers do not ever live where the bells need to be rung"? No, that would mean never, which is not the meaning. Wait, "not ever" = "never," but "not always" ≠ "never."
- Sense 2 synonyms: constantly, invariably. "Ringers do not invariably live where the bells need to be rung." Yes, this works.

Actually, "ever" as a synonym for "always" is interesting. In positive statements, "always" and "ever" can be similar. But "not always" cannot be replaced by "not ever."

The substitution test with sense 2 synonyms works: "Ringers do not invariably live where the bells need to be rung" preserves the meaning.

The substitution with sense 1 synonyms is awkward: "Ringers do not at all times live where the bells need to be rung" - this is grammatical but less natural.

I think sense 2 is the best fit here. The context is about the distribution/location of ringers being variable, not about temporal continuity.

Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase "do not always" is a very common collocation. In WordNet annotation, which sense would it typically get?

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "always arrives on time" (habitual, on every occasion)
- Sense 2: "he always arrives on time" (invariable)

The same example appears in both, suggesting they are closely related. The difference may be more about nuance.

In the ringer sentence, the meaning is "it is not always true that ringers live near the bells." This is a statement about the invariability of a generalization. I'd say sense 2.

But actually, I want to be careful. The most common sense of "always" is sense 1, and many uses of "always" in negative constructions might be annotated as sense 1.

Let me think about this differently. If I had to paraphrase:
- "Ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
- = "It is not the case that ringers always live where the bells need to be rung"
- = "Ringers sometimes do not live where the bells need to be rung"
- = "Not all ringers live where the bells need to be rung"

This is about the scope of a generalization. "Always" here functions as a universal quantifier over cases. This maps to "in every case" (sense 2) better than "on every occasion" (sense 1), though both are close.

Given the instruction to choose the single best indexed sense and not hedge, I'll go with sense 2.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. The definition of sense 1 is "at all times; all the time and on every occasion." The phrase "on every occasion" is quite broad. The definition of sense 2 is "without variation or change, in every case."

I think for "do not always" in factual/general statements, sense 2 might be more appropriate when emphasizing that something is not invariably true. But sense 1 is also very plausible.

Given the close similarity and the fact that the example "he always arrives on time" appears in both, I think the intended distinction might be:
- Sense 1: temporal/habitual (at all times, on every occasion)
- Sense 2: categorical/generalization (in every case, invariably)

The ringer sentence is a generalization about a population, so sense 2.

I'll choose sense 2.

Wait, I should double-check. Is there any reason to prefer sense 1? The sentence is about where people live, which is a relatively stable state, not an event happening repeatedly. "Ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - this isn't about repeated occasions but about the distribution of a stable property. So sense 2 (in every case, invariably) seems better.

Final answer: sense_index: 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD for target lemma live, surface live in context "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". Need choose best indexed sense from 7 candidate senses. Let's examine.

The sentence: Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. Means ringers do not reside in the locations where bells need to be rung. So sense "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of" (populate, dwell, inhabit). That is sense_key=live%2:42:08:: index 1 in list. Need answer JSON {"sense_index":1}.

Need ensure no hedge, only JSON.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need pick sense for 'bells' in context: church bell ringers, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung. The 'bells' are hollow devices made of metal that makes ringing sound when struck. Sense 1 fits. Sense 3 is sound of bell; but here physical objects need to be rung, so sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need select best indexed sense for target "need" in context: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This is modal passive: bells need to be rung = bells need ringing? Actually " bells need to be rung" means require to be rung. Use sense requiring action. Candidate senses:
1. require as useful, just, or proper ~ phrasing "need to be done" often not person needing but something needing to be done (need to be rung) fits "be necessary, require" maybe closest. Dict: need (verb) "require or be in want of proper... cleaned"? WordNet sense 1 "require as useful, just, or proper" synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve. That's like "we require your presence; it takes nerve". This covers inanimate object requiring action "this job requires skill/the bells need to be rung".
2. "have need of" synonyms want, require, examples "This piano wants attention". This is more like subject needs something: "I need a friend".
3. "have or feel a need for" examples "always needing friends and money". Similar to 2 but perhaps distinguish human needing.
Here subject "the bells" inanimate requiring action (be rung). The construction "need to be rung" is causative/lexical "need" sense of requirement/necessity. This matches sense 1. The other two involve want/desire/have need of, which fit if "the bells need (repairing)" but "need to be rung" is modal-like deontic necessity. WordNet likely sense 1 for "is necessary". However note examples for sense 1 include "success usually requires hard work". yes. So index 1. Could there be nuance: "bells need to be rung" = "there is a need for bells to be rung" = "be necessary"? Need as a verb of requirement. That's sense 1 (require as useful, just, or proper).
Return JSON.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need select sense index for "rung" in context "the bells need to be rung". Context about bell ringing. The target lemma ring, surface form rung. Candidate senses:
1 sound loudly and sonorously "the bells rang".
3 make (bells) ring "Ring the bells".
The phrase "the bells need to be rung" is passive, transitive use: someone needs to ring the bells. Sense 3 definition make (bells) ring. Example "Ring the bells". This fits. Sense 1 is intransitive "the bells rang". But here "to be rung" is transitive passive (bells are rung by ringers). So 3 is best. Need return JSON only.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD. Target word "small" in phrase "like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches." Here small modifies parishes, paired with rural. It means parishes limited or below average in number/quantity/magnitude/extent, i.e., small parishes (not large). Candidate 1: core adjective sense "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent" synonyms little, examples a little dining room, a little house. Candidate 2: limited in size or scope, minor/modest/small-scale, examples small business. Candidate 5: low or inferior in station/quality, humble etc. Candidate 9: not large but sufficient, modest. Need best indexed sense.

In WordNet 3.1, small has several senses:

1 %3:00:00:: limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent. (similar=unctad?)

2 %5:00:00:limited:00 relatively moderate, limited, or small; "a small business"; "a newspaper with modest circulation"; "small-scale plans". This is 'satellite' of limited with contexts like small.

5 %5:00:00:inferior:01 low or inferior in station or quality; "a humble cottage"; "a lowly parish priest"; "the junior faculty"; "a small man". This could fit "small parishes" as low/inferior? Not really, it's about parishes, not people station.

9 %5:00:00:moderate:00 not large but sufficient in size or amount; "a modest salary"; "modest inflation". Hmm.

In WordNet semantics, "small%3:00:00" is the main sense. "a small, rural parish": describes the size or extent of the parish (geographic, population). Sense 1 is more general and fits. But sense 2 specifically "limited in size or scope" with synonyms minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized, example a small business. Is a parish a size/scope thing? Maybe limited in size or scope could apply to parishes/organizations. However, "parish" could refer to a geographical area and congregation, and "small rural parishes" means limited in size/scope? Maybe the core sense 1 is broader.

Need choose single best indexed sense. Let's analyze differences. Sense 1 definition: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent". Antonym would be large, big. Examples: a little dining room, a little house. This is basic antonym of large, describing physical size or extent. It is precisely used for parishes as small/large. This is likely sense index 1.

Sense 2: "limited in size or scope" examples small business, modest circulation, small-scale plans. There is nuance of scale (scope) more than physical size. Parishes are not businesses or enterprises. But "small, rural parishes" = villages? In context: ringers do not always live where bells needed to be rung, like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. So small modifies rural parishes, meaning small in size/population; synonym would be little (rural villages). Core sense.

Sense 9 "not large but sufficient in size or amount" = modest. This is not a place. Sense 5 "low or inferior in station or quality" = humble. Maybe not.

Thus choose index 1. The instruction says return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need select best sense for word council in context. Context: article about bell ringing, Church of England? Mr Baldwin, council's program to attract and train ringers. They publish booklet for vicars. "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life..." "the council's program to attract and train ringers". The council here likely an administrative body overseeing bell ringers, maybe Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Candidates: sense1: a body serving in an administrative capacity (student council). sense2: (Christianity) assembly of theologians and bishops convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine (ecumenical council). sense3: a meeting of people for consultation (emergency council).

Target is "council" singular, program of council. It is an organization/body (administrative). So sense_index 1. Need output exact JSON {"sense_index": 1}. No extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "program" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
- It's about the Council of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
- They have a "program to attract and train ringers"
- This program is only partly successful
- They want to keep new ringers

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. program%1:09:00:: - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (synonyms: plan, programme) - example: "they drew up a six-step plan"
2. program%1:09:01:: - a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (synonyms: programme) - example: "he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program"
3. program%1:10:01:: - a radio or television show (synonyms: broadcast, programme)
4. program%1:10:04:: - a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (synonyms: platform, political platform, political program)
5. program%1:10:00:: - an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
6. program%1:10:05:: - an integrated course of academic studies
7. program%1:10:02:: - (computer science) a sequence of instructions
8. program%1:04:00:: - a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation

The context is about a "program to attract and train ringers" - this is a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (need for more ringers). This fits sense 2 best: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need."

Sense 1 is also close: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished." But sense 2 specifically mentions "system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" which fits better because:
- It's a council's initiative
- It's about training people (services)
- It's meeting a public/community need (lack of ringers)
- The examples include "day care program" and "program of public works" which are similar service-oriented programs

Sense 1 is more general and the examples are about "plan" - drawing up steps. While "program to attract and train ringers" could be a plan, the council running a "program" with training services fits sense 2 better.

In WSD datasets, "program" when referring to organized activities/services provided by an organization to meet a community need typically maps to sense 2 (program%1:09:01::).

I should choose sense_index: 2.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The candidate senses are numbered 1-8. Sense 2 is program%1:09:01::. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

The instructions say "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to output only JSON.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "attract" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about bell ringing and attracting/training new ringers
- "But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful"
- The program is trying to bring in new ringers
- "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10"

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
   - This sense is about actively drawing people in, like an ad pulling in customers
   - The council's program is actively trying to direct people toward becoming ringers

2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
   - This sense is about being appealing/beautiful, passive state of being attractive
   - Examples show things that naturally appeal

3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies
   - This is the physical force sense (physics)
   - Not applicable here - we're talking about people, not physical bodies/forces

The context is about a council's program actively trying to recruit/train ringers. The program is making efforts to "direct toward itself" potential ringers. This matches sense 1 best.

Sense 2 would be more like "bell ringing attracts young people" in the sense that young people find it appealing. But here we have "program to attract and train ringers" - it's an active program to pull in/draw in ringers. So sense 1 is better.

The answer should be a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer in JSON {"sense_index": p} only. Need choose best indexed sense for "train" in context: attract and train ringers. The council's program to attract and train ringers. Meaning teach/instruction. Candidates:
1 train%2:31:01 create by training and teaching (develop, prepare, educate). Examples old master training violinists.
2 train%2:31:00 undergo training (intransitive). Not here transitive.
3 discipline behavior.
4 educate for future role (groom). Could apply? train ringers for role? Hmm "train ringers" (i.e. teach them to ring).
5 refine taste/judgment.
6 aim.
7 teach and supervise (someone); act as trainer/coach in sports. (coach).
8 exercise.
9 vine.
10 travel rail.
11 trail.

Need pick single best. In WordNet, sense hierarchy. Need disambiguate between sense 1 (create by training and teaching), sense 7 (teach and supervise as trainer/coach sports), sense 4 (educate for future role/function), sense 2 (undergo instruction). Context transitive "to attract and <t>train</t> ringers". The council trains ringers. It is about teaching bell ringing. Sense 1 definition "create by training and teaching"; examples "The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future". That fits.

Sense 7 "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". Examples Olympic team. Bellringers isn't sports exactly; sense 1 is broader, synonym prepare/develop/educate.

Sense 4 "educate for a future role or function" e.g., grooming successor. Ringers are being taught bell ringing skill; maybe not future role but skill. Sense 1 appears best.

Need no hedge. Return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Target lemma ringer, surface ringers. Context clearly about bellringers, lack of ringers, church bells. Candidate sense1 = a person who rings church bells. So index 1. Need output only JSON. Ensure exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We are to do WSD for target word "only" in sentence: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin." We must choose among candidate senses, return JSON with sense_index (1-indexed) not key.

Let's parse semantic nuance: "only partly successful" means merely/just/nothing more than partly successful; the program's success is limited to partial. Synonyms: "merely, simply, just, but" sense "and nothing more". That's sense_key only%4:02:02:: -> index 1. Sense 2 "without any others being included or involved" synonyms entirely exclusively solely alone, e.g. "only partly" could be? "only partly" as exclusively? No. Sense 1 fits: He arrived only to find his wife dead (sense 3 result), not. Sense 4 final outcome. Sense 5 except that. Sense 6 never except when. Sense 7 as recently as. Clearly index 1.

Need to return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, <t>says</t> Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need determine WordNet sense for "says" in the context: "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin." Target lemma say surface says. Candidate senses list. Need output JSON sense_index.

Let's analyze. Sentence structure: inverted attribution "says Mr. Baldwin" after a direct quote or statement. This is the typical reporting verb "say" meaning express in words/state/tell. The council's program ... is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. It is Mr. Baldwin stating this fact. Synonyms: state, tell. That is sense 1 express in words. Could be 2 report or maintain. But context is simply Mr. Baldwin expressing opinion/reporting a fact. In journalistic attribution, "says" often maps to sense 1 express in words. WordNet's say%2:32:00:: express in words examples "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you". Sense 2 report or maintain (allege, aver) is more like "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" perhaps asserts. There may be subtle distinction: sense 2 is often "to report or maintain" maybe with that-clause; but attribution in journalism is sense 1. Also examples in WSD tasks such as "says Mr. X" typically sense 1. So choose index 1.

Need ensure JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "Right" in sentence: '"<t>Right</t> now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10," he adds.' Target lemma right adverb? Candidate senses all right%4:02:... adverb senses. The phrase "Right now" means immediately/at the present time. Need map to candidate: sense 2 definition=immediately examples=she called right after dinner. Sense 1 precisely/exactly. Sense 7 completely. "Right now" idiomatic 'immediately; at this moment'. Among candidates, sense 2 is immediately. Examples "she called right after dinner" is immediately after. So best index 2. Need JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for "now" in context. Let's analyze sentence: "Right <t>now</t>, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10". "Right now" idiomatic means at the present moment. Candidate sense 4: at the present moment, synonyms at present. Definition matches. Sense 5: without delay or hesitation, immediately. But "right now" in this context not about immediate action but present time (nowadays/current situation). However "Right now, we're lucky..." = currently. Sense 2: in these times / nowadays. Could also fit: "Right now, we're lucky if..." referring to present period. Need distinguish sense 4 (at the present moment) vs sense 2 (nowadays, today) vs sense 5. The phrase "right now" strongly selects sense 4 at the present moment, especially with "at present" synonym. Sense 2 includes nowadays, today; examples "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets". "Right now" not exactly "nowadays". In this context, Mr Baldwin is describing current state of their recruitment program, "right now" = at present moment, currently. I think best is 4. Need output JSON only. Ensure single best indexed sense. final.