[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then <t>last</t> spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need provide disambiguation for target word "last" in sentence. The sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 ..." In this context, "last spring" means the spring immediately past (i.e., previous spring). Candidate sense 1 definition=immediately past; examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read. That fits. Need choose single best indexed sense. The JSON object with sense_index:1. The user wants only JSON. Ensure no extra text. Also note target surface form last, context. Output exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spring
Target surface form: spring
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spring%1:28:00:: | definition=the season of growth | synonyms=springtime | examples=the emerging buds were a sure sign of spring; he will hold office until the spring of next year
2. sense_key=spring%1:06:00:: | definition=a metal elastic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed | examples=the spring was broken
3. sense_key=spring%1:17:00:: | definition=a natural flow of ground water | synonyms=fountain, outflow, outpouring, natural spring
4. sense_key=spring%1:15:00:: | definition=a point at which water issues forth
5. sense_key=spring%1:07:00:: | definition=the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length | synonyms=give, springiness
6. sense_key=spring%1:04:00:: | definition=a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards | synonyms=leap, leaping, saltation, bound, bounce

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target word "spring" in sentence: "Then last <t>spring</t>, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..." Context: months, last spring. That's the season. Candidate sense 1 = season of growth. Answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reported
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers <t>reported</t> finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%2:32:00:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=describe, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. sense_key=report%2:32:04:: | definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city; The team reported significant advances in their research
3. sense_key=report%2:32:03:: | definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. sense_key=report%2:32:01:: | definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. sense_key=report%2:32:13:: | definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | synonyms=cover | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's; The cub reporter covered New York City
6. sense_key=report%2:32:02:: | definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "reported" in sentence: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." Context scientific research publication/announcement. Candidate senses:
1 report%2:32:00:: give account/representation in words (describe, account). Example Discreet Italian police described it...
2 report%2:32:04:: announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding. Examples: Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily; The team reported significant advances in their research.
3 announce one's presence.
4 make known to authorities.
5 be responsible for reporting details of, as in journalism (cover).
6 complain about; make a charge against.
The usage: researchers reported finding a gene. This is announcing a finding from research. Sense 2 fits exactly: announce as result of investigation/experience/finding. Sense 1 could also be "give an account of in words" but examples are police described. Sense 2 has research team example. So choose index 2. Need return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finding
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported <t>finding</t> a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "find" with surface form "finding" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidate list.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about scientific research, specifically cancer genetics.
- "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
- The researchers are discovering a gene called p53.
- This is a scientific discovery/finding.

Now let me look at the candidates:

1. find%2:40:02:: - "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" (happen, chance, bump, encounter)
2. find%2:39:02:: - "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" (detect, observe, discover, notice)
3. find%2:40:00:: - "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost"
4. find%2:32:00:: - "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"
5. find%2:31:10:: - "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds"
6. find%2:39:01:: - "perceive or be contemporaneous with"
7. find%2:40:01:: - "get something or somebody for a specific purpose"
8. find%2:36:00:: - "make a discovery, make a new finding"
9. find%2:31:09:: - "make a discovery"
10. find%2:40:03:: - "obtain through effort or management"
11. find%2:32:01:: - "decide on and make a declaration about"
12. find%2:30:00:: - "receive a specified treatment (abstract)"
13. find%2:39:05:: - "perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place"
14. find%2:40:15:: - "get or find back; recover the use of"
15. find%2:38:10:: - "succeed in reaching; arrive at"
16. find%2:30:13:: - "accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation"

The context is about researchers discovering/finding a gene called p53. This is a scientific discovery of something new.

Option 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - This seems directly relevant. The gloss explicitly says "make a new finding" and the surface form is "finding". Examples include "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle."

Option 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - Also plausible. Examples: "She detected high levels of lead...; We found traces of lead in the paint."

Option 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - Could work since researchers did an investigation. Examples: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize."

Option 9: "make a discovery" - Similar to 8 but with different syntactic behavior perhaps.

The key here is that researchers "found" a gene (a new gene that's causing cancer). This is a discovery of a new thing.

In WordNet, find%2:36:00:: is specifically "make a discovery, make a new finding" with transitive examples of discovering new things (X-rays, new elementary particle). This maps best to the scientific discovery of the p53 gene.

find%2:39:02:: is more about detecting presence or fact of something (traces of lead, high levels of lead). It can include discovering, but the examples emphasize detection/observation.

find%2:36:00:: examples: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle." This matches exactly the kind of scientific discovery of a new entity (gene called p53).

So I think the best answer is index 8.

Wait, let me reconsider. The surface form is "finding" which is the gerund. "Make a discovery, make a new finding" - this might refer specifically to the act of making a new finding. The researchers reported "finding a gene called p53" - they made a new finding.

Actually, in WordNet, sense 8 (find%2:36:00::) is "make a discovery, make a new finding". This is distinct from sense 4 (find%2:32:00::) which is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment..."

The p53 gene discovery is more like a new discovery/finding rather than just establishing something through calculation. The parallel example "Roentgen discovered X-rays" strongly matches discovering a new gene.

I should choose index 8.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: called
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene <t>called</t> p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for target "called" in sentence: "researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." We need choose among candidate senses. The sense that fits: assign a name to, name. Candidate 1: call%2:32:02:: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; synonyms=name. This is "a gene called p53" meaning named p53. Candidate 12 also uses "Call me Mister" greet/address, but not correct. Candidate 2 is ascribe a quality/give a common noun name reflecting quality, e.g., "called me a bastard". Not correct. So answer index 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only that.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: impair
Target surface form: impaired
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if <t>impaired</t>, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=impair%2:30:00:: | definition=make worse or less effective | examples=His vision was impaired
2. sense_key=impair%2:30:01:: | definition=make imperfect | synonyms=mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate | examples=nothing marred her beauty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "impaired" in sentence: "researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." Candidate senses: 1 make worse or less effective, example His vision was impaired. 2 make imperfect, synonyms mar, spoil, deflower, vitiate, examples nothing marred her beauty. We need decide. Gene p53 if impaired turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Both could apply. Scientific context: gene function is impaired -> made less effective. Definition 1 "make worse or less effective". Definition 2 "make imperfect"; with synonyms mar/spoil. The gene being impaired means it is damaged/malfunctioning, not functioning ideally. "Make worse or less effective" fits functional impairment. Example His vision was impaired. For biological gene, impaired function = less effective. Sense 1 seems best. Answer JSON {"sense_index":1}. Need ensure single JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target surface "turns" in sentence: "researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous." It's causative change: impaired gene causes healthy colon cells to become cancerous. Candidate sense that fits: sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: definition=cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics examples: princess turned frog into prince. Also sense 2:30:03 synonyms grow, become: "The weather turned nasty" intransitive. Here transitive: turns healthy colon cells cancerous => cause to become. So sense 16. Need output JSON with sense_index. Since listed candidates numbered 1-26, index is 16. Ensure only JSON.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "healthy" in sentence "turns healthy colon cells cancerous." The target surface form modifies "colon cells". It's biological health, not diseased. Among candidates: sense 1 having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease. Examples rosy healthy baby, staying fit and healthy. That fits healthy cells as not cancerous/diseased. Sense 3 promoting health; healthful; examples healthy diet, clean healthy air. That applies to things that promote health, not cells that are themselves in a healthy state. But "healthy colon cells" means cells that are in good health/free from disease. So sense 1 is best. Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure single best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD for target lemma colon surface form colon. Context: "healthy colon cells cancerous". The medical article about cancer, retinal cell growth, gene p53, healthy colon cells. So colon means large intestine. Candidate sense 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. No extra text. Ensure answer only JSON object exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON only. User asks WSD for cell/retinal cell growth / colon cells / cancer context. We need choose among candidate senses indexed. Candidate 2 is biology basic structural/functional unit. The target surface cells in sentence: "healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous". It clearly refers to biological cells. So index 2? Let's note candidate senses 1-7 listed. We must return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "cancerous" in the given context.

Context: "...researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."

Candidate senses:
1. cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 - relating to or affected with cancer; example: "a cancerous growth"
2. cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 - like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads; examples: "remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children"

In the context, "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" means the cells become affected with cancer/malignant. This is a literal, biological sense. The cells are becoming malignant/cancerous in the medical sense.

Sense 1 is the literal meaning: relating to or affected with cancer. This fits "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" - the healthy cells become cancerous/affected with cancer.

Sense 2 is the figurative meaning: like a cancer, an evil that grows and spreads. This doesn't fit because we're talking about actual colon cells becoming cancerous.

So the answer should be sense_index 1.

Wait, the note says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." And "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD for target 'report'. Need choose best sense among candidates. Let's analyze context.

Sentence: "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The antecedent: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..." Then "Soon after that report..." So 'report' refers to the act of reporting/informing? Or to the account/document? The phrase "that report" refers to the reported information. Candidate senses:
1. written document describing findings. Here 'report' could be the researchers' report of finding p53. But is it a written document? Could be publication. "Soon after that report" meaning after the publication/report. However the antecedent is a statement about researchers reported finding. 'Report' as a noun may denote the act (reporting) or the account. Need choose best.

Let's inspect examples:
2. act of informing by verbal report; examples: he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple. Synonyms: account. Not exactly.
3. short account of the news; examples: the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news. This is a news report. Context not news article but scientific report.
1. a written document describing findings of some individual or group, synonyms: study, written report.

In context, the report refers to findings of researchers. It's a scientific report. It could be a written document (published paper) or the report as an account. Which sense is best? Let's examine WordNet's distinctions.

report%1:10:03 (sense 1) written document describing the findings of some individual or group. Synonyms: study, written report. This is a report of research findings. It often appears in context of scientific reports. "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group." The target is "Soon after that report" referencing the discovery/report. The research teams' report is a (written) document. So sense 1 seems suitable.

report%1:10:01 (sense 2) act of informing by verbal report. This is the act/communication, not a specific document. The phrase "after that report" could refer to after the reporting, but more naturally after the report (the report came out). Also "reported finding" (verb) is the act of reporting. The noun 'report' could refer to that event of reporting? Let's evaluate.

"Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 ... Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..." They did not necessarily publish a paper; 'reported' could mean they announced/reported at a conference. "Soon after that report" = soon after the researchers made that report. In this reading, 'report" might be the act of informing. But among WN senses, sense 2 "the act of informing by verbal report" examples: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple". This is about reports/rumors heard (information). Synonyms: account. Sense 2 is somewhat general: act of informing by verbal report. However sense 1 is a written document. The context: scientific "researchers reported finding a gene". That result is a 'report' in scientific literature. The text likely uses 'report' as a noun to mean the scientific report/publication of the finding. But need ensure not sense 3 (news report). Not a news report; it's a scientific report. Sense 1 fits best.

Let's consider if WN sense 2 could be better because "report" in "Soon after that report" refers to the event of reporting/reported discovery, not a document. The word "that" picks up 'researchers reported finding...' which is a verbal act. But the noun 'report' in English can refer to an oral or written statement. The sense 1 specifically written document. Could the report here be a written document? It says "researchers reported finding a gene" and "Soon after that report". It doesn't say they wrote a report. But in scientific context, reported findings are often published. The phrase "the report" is the scientific report of the findings. Sense 1 includes "written report". Synonyms: study, written report. The examples: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale". That suggests a written study. The text's 'report' is a 'study' maybe.

Sense 6: essay, assignment. No.
Sense 7: reputation. No.
Sense 4: sound. No.
Sense 5: report card. No.

Thus choose "report%1:10:03::" which is candidate sense 1. The user wants JSON with sense_index. Need return only {"sense_index": 1}. No extra. Good.

Double-check: WordNet report senses: 1:10:00 news report; 1:10:01 account; 1:10:02 composition; 1:10:03 written document; 1:10:04 report card; 1:11:00 sound; 1:09:00 reputation. The candidate list order may not be WN order. In candidate list, index 1 = sense_key report%1:10:03. Index 2 = report%1:10:01. Index 3 = report%1:10:00. So index 1 is correct. Need output exactly.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for word "other" in context: "two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence..." Means additional/different ones besides already mentioned research team(s). This matches sense 1: not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied. Other options are idiomatic recently past or distant past or strange. So index 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON with sense_index. The task: choose best indexed sense for target lemma team, surface form teams. Context: research teams uncovered evidence. Sense 1: cooperative unit, squad (especially in sports), also used for research teams. Sense 2: draft animals. So choose index 1. Return {"sense_index":1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense index for target lemma evidence surface. Context: scientific research, uncovering evidence that same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. This is basis for belief/knowledge? Or an indication that makes something evident? Definitions: 1.09:00 basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief. 1.10:01 an indication that makes something evident. 1.10:00 legal evidence.

Context: "uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." It's like found evidence/proof/reason to believe. Example given in sense 1: "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" exactly matches scientific causal evidence. Sense 2 example "his trembling was evidence of his fear" is a symptom/sign. Here evidence is findings/data supporting a hypothesis. So sense 1 best. Index 1.

Need only JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "same" in a specific context. I need to choose the single best sense from the 4 candidates provided.

Context: "...the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The sentence is saying that the identical/specific damaged p53 gene that was found in colon cancer is also found in lung and breast cancers. This is about identity - it's the very same gene, not just a similar one.

Let me look at the candidates:
1. same%3:00:02:: - same in identity | examples: the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. same%3:00:00:: - closely similar or comparable | examples: curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. same%3:00:04:: - equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples: like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 - unchanged in character or nature | examples: the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

The context clearly refers to identity - the same (identical) damaged p53 gene is present across different cancer types. This matches sense 1 best. The example "the same man I saw yesterday" is particularly analogous because it refers to the identical entity being encountered again.

The answer should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose between two senses: damaged adj. The context: same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue... p53 is a gene; if impaired turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Spoiler: a gene is damaged (harmed/injured/spoiled). Sense 1 fits. Sense 2 is reputation. So answer JSON sense_index:1. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for target "present" in sentence: "same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers." This is adjective meaning existing in a specified place. Sense 2 definition being or existing in a specified place. Examples murderer is present in this room. So index 2. Need output {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "tissue" in the given context. I need to choose between two candidate senses:

1. tissue%1:08:00:: = part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. tissue%1:27:02:: = a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper)

The context is about cancer research, specifically: "two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers."

This clearly refers to biological tissue from lung and breast cancers. The medical/scientific context makes it unambiguous that this is the biological sense, not paper tissue.

The instructions say:
- Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
- Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}

But the candidate senses are indexed as 1 and 2 in the list provided. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the correct one.

Wait, let me re-read. The candidate senses are numbered 1 and 2. The example shows {"sense_index": 3} but that's just an example format. I need to return the index of the best sense, which is 1.

Actually, let me be careful. The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". This is an example format. The actual index should correspond to the chosen candidate sense. Since the biological tissue sense is candidate 1, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check the context once more. "present in tissue from lung and breast cancers" - yes, this is biological tissue. Sense 1 is correct.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON only. We need disambiguate "most" in sentence: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease..."

"most" modifies common as superlative adverb? "used to form the superlative" vs "very". In "the most common", it's superlative form of common, used with definite article to form superlative. Sense 1 definition used to form the superlative, synonyms to the highest degree. Examples: the king cobra is the most dangerous snake. This exactly matches. Sense 2 "a most welcome relief" very. Here "the most common" is superlative. So choose sense_index 1.

Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}.

No extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "common" in context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease". Here common means most frequently occurring, widely known/commonly encountered, ordinary/usual. Candidate senses: 2 definition having no special distinction; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual. Examples the common man; a common sailor. Sense 4 commonly encountered; synonyms usual; examples a common complaint. Sense 9 to be expected; standard; common decency. Which is best? The phrase "most common" meaning occurring most frequently. WordNet sense for common as "commonly encountered" (familiar:02) likely captures frequent occurrence. Sense 2 is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4 is "commonly encountered" with synonyms usual. In WordNet, common%3:00:01:: is the main adjective sense for common meaning widespread. common%5:00:00:familiar:02 is satellite adjective meaning commonly encountered. The target is predicative adjective "most common". Which indexed sense? Need choose single best indexed sense. Let's analyze WordNet senses.

common%3:00:01:: (adj) common (having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual) "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"

common%5:00:00:familiar:02 (adj) common, usual (commonly encountered) "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting"

common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 (adj) common (to be expected; standard) "common decency"

In context, "most common and lethal forms" = occurring most frequently. "commonly encountered" sense 4 seems closest. But sense 2 includes "commonly encountered" too. The distinction: sense 2 is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Sense 4 is satellite of familiar: "commonly encountered". For "most common cancers", I'd say sense 2 or 4. WordNet examples for sense 2 include "the common cold", "a common nuisance", "common housefly", "common brand of soap" - these are frequent/widespread. Sense 4 examples "a common complaint", "the usual greeting". The phrase "most common forms" is like "common cancers" - I'd map to sense 2 (common%3:00:01::) as the standard sense for frequent occurrence. However, the task says use context, examples, synonyms. "most common" = highest frequency, "commonly encountered" (sense 4) maybe more precise than "ordinary/usual" (sense 2). But sense 2's definition explicitly includes "commonly encountered". Which is the "single best indexed sense"? Need decide.

Let's examine WordNet indexing. common%3:00:01:: is sense 1? Actually in provided candidate senses list, index 2 is common%3:00:01::. Index 4 is common%5:00:00:familiar:02. The question asks return sense_index matching candidate list. We need output {"sense_index": 2} or {"sense_index": 4}.

Consider "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease". "common" modifies forms of disease, meaning occurring frequently among the population. Synonyms: usual (sense 4), ordinary (sense 9). "most common" is superlative of frequency. In WordNet, "common" as "commonly encountered" (sense 4) is a satellite of "familiar". But "commonly encountered" exactly means frequently seen. Sense 2 "widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" also. The examples for sense 2 include "the common cold", "a common nuisance", "common housefly", "common brand of soap" - all frequent. The examples for sense 4 include "a common complaint", "the usual greeting". Both fit.

Which is best? The phrase "most common forms of the disease" is not "common knowledge" or "common man" but frequency. The satellite sense "commonly encountered" might be more specific. However, WordNet often treats "common" in "common disease" as sense 1 (common%3:00:01::). Let's check actual WordNet: common (s) (1) common, usual -- (occurring or encountered frequently; "a common complaint"; "the usual greeting")? Actually I recall WordNet 3.1:

common
adj 1: belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public; "for the common good"; "common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community"
adj 2: having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual; "the common man"; "a common sailor"; "the common cold"; "a common nuisance"; "followed common procedure"; "it is common knowledge that she lives alone"; "the common housefly"; "a common brand of soap"
adj 3: common to or shared by two or more parties; "a common friend"; "the mutual interests of management and labor"
s 4: common, usual -- (commonly encountered; "a common (or familiar) complaint"; "the usual greeting")
s 5: common, vernacular, vulgar -- (being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language; "common parlance"; "a vernacular term"; "vulgar and excellent functional text" (Gibbon))
s 6: common, plebeian, vulgar, unwashed -- (of or associated with the great masses of people; "the common people in those days suffered greatly"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "his square plebeian nose"; "a vulgar and objectionable person"; "the unwashed masses")
s 7: common -- (of low or inferior quality or value; "of what coarse metal ye are molded"- Shakespeare; "produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population")
s 8: common, coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar -- (lacking refinement or cultivation or taste; "he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind"; "behavior that branded him as common"; "an uncouth soldier"; "a vulgar soldier"; "the vulgar display of the newly rich")
s 9: common -- (to be expected; standard; "common decency")

So sense 2 is the main sense for "common cold", "common nuisance", "common housefly". Sense 4 is satellite "common, usual" with example "a common complaint". "Common cancers" could be sense 2 or 4. The phrase "most common forms" is similar to "common complaint" (sense 4). But "common cold" is sense 2. Hmm.

The task: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." We need not hedge. Let's weigh.

Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year." The emphasis is on frequency/prevalence. "Common" here means frequently occurring, widespread. Candidate 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". Candidate 4: "commonly encountered; synonyms=usual; examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting". Candidate 9: "to be expected; standard; examples=common decency".

Candidate 4's definition "commonly encountered" is exactly about encounter frequency. Candidate 2 includes "commonly encountered" but also "no special distinction; average or ordinary". The phrase "most common cancers" is not about being ordinary or average but about prevalence. So candidate 4 might be best. However, candidate 2's examples "common cold", "common housefly" are about prevalence too. But the gloss includes "average or ordinary or usual" which is less precise. Candidate 4 is narrower and more precise.

But is "common" in "most common forms" synonymous with "usual"? "Usual forms" would mean typical, not necessarily most frequent. "Commonly encountered" fits. So I'd choose index 4.

Need ensure output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 4}. No extra text. The instructions say return only a JSON object. So final answer: {"sense_index": 4}.

But let's double-check if there is any nuance about "common" as "shared by community"? No. "common and lethal forms" not public/shared. "common to or shared by two or more parties"? No. "familiar"? yes. "ordinary/standard"? maybe but "most common" is frequency. So 4.

However, some WSD datasets might annotate "common" in "most common" as sense 2. Let's think about SemCor or WordNet sense for "common". Example: "the most common form of cancer" maybe annotated as common%3:00:01::? I can try to recall. In WordNet, sense 2 examples include "common procedure", "common knowledge", "common housefly", "common brand". These are all "frequently encountered". Sense 4 examples "common complaint", "usual greeting". The difference between sense 2 and sense 4 is subtle. Sense 2 is perhaps "widespread, prevalent" while sense 4 is "frequently met with". For diseases, "common cold" is sense 2; "common complaint" is sense 4. "Common cancers" might be sense 2 because it's like "common cold". But "most common forms" could be sense 4.

Let's examine definitions more carefully:

Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual". The core maybe "not special, ordinary". The phrase "commonly encountered" is part of the definition but the synonyms are not given; examples include "common man", "common sailor" (ordinary people), "common cold" (ordinary/common disease), "common nuisance", "common procedure", "common knowledge", "common housefly", "common brand of soap". Many of these are about frequency/widespread occurrence, but also about being ordinary/standard.

Sense 4: "commonly encountered" with synonyms usual. Examples "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting". This is specifically about frequency of encounter.

In context, "most common and lethal forms" - "common" is paired with "lethal" describing forms of disease. It means they occur frequently. "Usual" doesn't fit as well because it implies customary. "Commonly encountered" fits exactly. So 4.

But the phrase "most common" is a superlative; sense 4 "commonly encountered" can be graded: "most commonly encountered". Sense 2 "ordinary" can also be graded: "most ordinary"? But "most common" in frequency is not "most ordinary". So 4.

Let's also consider candidate 9 "to be expected; standard" with example "common decency". "Most common forms" could be "standard forms" but not in medical context; it's about prevalence. So not 9.

Thus final answer: {"sense_index": 4}.

Need ensure no explanation. Only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me carefully analyze this context for "forms".

Target word: forms (from "forms of the disease")
Context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

The phrase "forms of the disease" means types/kinds/varieties of the disease.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. phonological/orthographic sound or appearance - no
2. a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality - synonyms: kind, sort, variety - examples: "sculpture is a form of art" - this fits perfectly! "forms of the disease" = kinds/types of the disease
3. a perceptual structure - no
4. spatial attributes - no
5. body of a human being - no
6. spatial arrangement - no
7. visual appearance - no
8. printed document - no
9. biology group of organisms - no
10. arrangement of elements in composition - no
11. particular mode in which something is manifested - possible but less likely
12. distinct state of matter - no
13. body of students - no
14. ability to perform well - no
15. life-size dummy - no
16. mold for concrete - no

The best sense is sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" with synonyms kind, sort, variety. Example "sculpture is a form of art" parallels "forms of the disease".

While sense 11 "a particular mode in which something is manifested" (example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility") might seem possible, the context is categorizing cancers as kinds/categories of disease, not manifestations. The phrase "most common and lethal forms" clearly refers to categories/kinds.

Sense 2 is the best choice.