[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immune
Target surface form: immune
Context:
The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually <t>immune</t> to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immune%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the condition of immunity | examples=the immune system
2. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:exempt:00 | definition=secure against | examples=immune from taxation as long as he resided in Bermuda; immune from criminal prosecution
3. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unsusceptible:00 | definition=relating to or conferring immunity (to disease or infection) | synonyms=resistant
4. sense_key=immune%5:00:00:unaffected:00 | definition=(usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence | examples=immune to persuasion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense index for word immune in context.

Context: "first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat." Meaning not susceptible to defeat, unaffected by electoral defeat. Candidate senses:
1. condition of immunity e.g. immune system.
2. secure against; examples: immune from prosecution/taxation. Could fit? "immune to defeat" = secure against defeat.
3. relating to immunity to disease/infection; syn resistant. Not disease, so probably not.
4. usually followed by 'to' not affected by a given influence; example: immune to persuasion. This matches "immune to defeat" = not affected by influence of defeat, not susceptible to losing. Sense 4 definition: (usually followed by `to') not affected by a given influence. Examples: immune to persuasion. Could be close.
Sense 2: secure against, examples immune from taxation; immune from criminal prosecution. Construction "immune from", not "to". But target is "immune to defeat". Sense 4 explicitly uses 'to' not affected by a given influence. So best sense is 4. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure no extra text.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
The individual voter's standing consequently will be enhanced through lower taxes. While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to <t>defeat</t>. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need solve word sense disambiguation target lemma defeat, surface form defeat. Context phrase: "first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception... was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans..." Need choose between noun senses: defeat%1:11:00:: = unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest; synonyms licking; examples narrow defeat, army's only defeat. defeat%1:12:00:: = feeling that accompanies being thwarted; frustration. In context, "immune to defeat" and "defeat of 13... Republicans" meaning loss in election/contest, not feeling. So sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Must not hedge, only JSON.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exception
Target surface form: exception
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one <t>exception</t> to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exception%1:09:00:: | definition=a deliberate act of omission | synonyms=exclusion, elision | examples=with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news
2. sense_key=exception%1:09:01:: | definition=an instance that does not conform to a rule or generalization | examples=all her children were brilliant; the only exception was her last child; an exception tests the rule
3. sense_key=exception%1:10:00:: | definition=grounds for adverse criticism | examples=his authority is beyond exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Need disambiguate "exception" in context. Candidate senses: 1 deliberate act of omission, synonyms exclusion, elision; 2 instance that does not conform to rule/generalization; 3 grounds for adverse criticism. Context: "The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans..." That's an instance that doesn't conform to a trend/rule. So sense_index 2. Need output only JSON object exactly.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trend
Target surface form: trend
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose best sense for 'trend' in context. Target: "The one exception to this recent <t>trend</t> was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans..." Context about pattern: first-term House members once vulnerable became virtually immune to defeat; recent trend meaning general tendency/direction over time (increase in incumbency protection). Candidate senses: 1 general direction something tends to move, synonyms tendency, examples shoreward tendency, stock market trend. 2 general line of orientation, course, geographic. 3 general tendency to change (as of opinion), drift, movement; examples broad movement of electorate to the right. 4 popular taste, vogue. In context, 'trend' refers to a recent pattern/development in political phenomenon. Sense 1: general direction in which something tends to move (pattern over time). Sense 3: general tendency to change. Need difference. Sentence "recent trend" (recent pattern) about first-term members becoming immune. This is a trend in status/pattern of outcomes over time. Sense 1 definition: a general direction in which something tends to move. Examples stock market trend. That fits social/political trend. Sense 3 more about change in opinion, electorate, ideological drift; synonyms drift, movement. But can still apply. However "trend" is often sense 1 for trends in data, fashion, tendencies. WordNet sense 1 of noun is 'a general direction in which something tends to move' (physical/geographic direction?), sense 2 line orientation, then sense 3 tendency to change. Need actual WordNet 3.1 indices: trend%1:15:02 (noun artifact? Actually 15 maybe noun.relation?) Hmm all periods differ. Let's parse sense keys: trend%1:15:02:: noun? POS 1= noun, lexicographer file 15 (?? maybe noun.attribute? Actually 15 is noun. - WordNet lexicographer codes: 09 noun.cognition etc. Wait: 03 noun.animal? Let's recall: 00 noun.Tops; 01 noun.act; 02 noun.animal; 03 noun.artifact; 04 noun.attribute? Hmm not sure. lexicographer file numbers: n noun.tops 00, noun.act 01, noun.animal 02, noun.artifact 03, noun.attribute 04, noun.body 05, noun.cognition 06? Wait 09 maybe noun.communication? Let's recall list: adj.all 00, adj.pert 01, adv.all 00, noun.Tops 00, noun.act 01, noun.animal 02, noun.artifact 03, noun.attribute 04, noun.body 05, noun.cognition 06, noun.communication 07? noun.feeling 08? noun.food 09? Actually noun.food 09? Let's get exact: WordNet lexicographer file numbers n: tops(00), act(01), animal(02), artifact(03), attribute(04), body(05), cognition(06), communication(07), feeling(08), food(09), group(10), location(11), motive(12), object(13), person(14), phenomenon(15), plant(16), possession(17), process(18), quantity(19), relation(20), shape(21), state(22), substance(23), time(24), verb(25) etc. So 15 noun.phenomenon, 09 noun.food? Wait 09 is noun.food. Hmm 1:15 => noun phenomenon? Maybe sense 1 is noun.phenomenon definition general direction. Sense 3 1:09:00 might be noun.food? That cannot be. Maybe lexfile numbers differ (WN 3.0 maybe mapping?). Need not care. We choose based on semantics.

We need choose single best indexed sense, JSON exactly. Fine-grained WSD. The context: "this recent trend" referring to first-term members becoming virtually immune to defeat. It's a general tendency/pattern over time, not a popular taste (4), not geographic line orientation (2). Between 1 and 3. Sense 1 examples: the trend of the stock market, the shoreward tendency of the current. This is a general direction of movement. Sense 3: a general tendency to change (as of opinion); examples: "not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right". The noun "trend" in "recent trend" is something happening recently (political trend). Could be sense 3. But stock market trend is sense 1? Stock market is a trend over time, not necessarily tendency to change as of opinion. In WordNet, sense 1 might be 'a general direction in which something tends to move' (e.g., market trend, drift), sense 3 is 'a general tendency to change (as of opinion)'. The phrase "first-term ... have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend..." describes trend in the status of incumbents. This is a general tendency over time, not change of opinion. I think sense 1 is more appropriate.

Need ensure no extra text. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Check instructions: do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

So final: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the <t>defeat</t> of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best sense for target "defeat" in provided context. It says "virtually immune to defeat" and "vulnerable to defeat". The noun means losing an election/contest. Candidate sense 1: an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest, unsuccessful ending. Sense 2: the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted. Here "defeat" refers to losing the election race, i.e., unsuccessful ending to a contest, not a feeling. So choose 1. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: freshman
Target surface form: freshman
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 <t>freshman</t> Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=freshman%1:18:00:: | definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher
2. sense_key=freshman%1:18:01:: | definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Target lemma freshman. Context: phrase "freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982." Refers to first-term members of the House. Freshman in politics means a first-year legislator; sense: any new participant in some activity? Or a first-year undergraduate? WordNet two senses: freshman%1:18:00:: first-year undergraduate (college student). freshman%1:18:01:: any new participant in some activity (newcomer, fledgling, etc.). Does WordNet's second sense include a first-term member of Congress? In WN, "any new participant in some activity" schematic broad. In context, these are new participants in legislative activity. This is not undergraduate. So choose sense 2. Need output only {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman <t>Republicans</t> brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need decide WSD for Republicans. Need choose best WordNet indexed sense among candidates 1,2,3. Context: American politics, freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by Reagan revolution, running for re-election in 1982, partisan role. That's Republican Party members. Sense 1 a member of the Republican Party. Index 1. Must return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bring
Target surface form: brought
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans <t>brought</t> into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bring%2:38:00:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=convey, take | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
2. sense_key=bring%2:35:04:: | definition=cause to come into a particular state or condition | examples=Long hard years of on the job training had brought them to their competence; bring water to the boiling point
3. sense_key=bring%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=work, play, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
4. sense_key=bring%2:35:00:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=get, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
5. sense_key=bring%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a different state | synonyms=land | examples=this may land you in jail
6. sense_key=bring%2:35:02:: | definition=be accompanied by | examples=Can I bring my cousin to the dinner?
7. sense_key=bring%2:36:01:: | definition=advance or set forth in court; , | synonyms=institute | examples=bring charges; institute proceedings
8. sense_key=bring%2:40:02:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, add | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
9. sense_key=bring%2:40:00:: | definition=be sold for a certain price | synonyms=fetch, bring in | examples=The painting brought $10,000; The old print fetched a high price at the auction
10. sense_key=bring%2:37:05:: | definition=attract the attention of | examples=The noise and the screaming brought the curious
11. sense_key=bring%2:32:03:: | definition=induce or persuade | examples=The confession of one of the accused brought the others to admit to the crime as well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON only with sense_index. Need disambiguate "brought" in sentence: "the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982." The phrase "brought into office" means caused to come into a particular state/condition (being in office). Candidate sense 2: cause to come into a particular state or condition. Examples: bring water to boiling point, years had brought them to their competence. Here Reagan revolution caused freshman Republicans to come into office. That matches sense 2. Could sense 5 land? No. Sense 3 cause to happen/occur as consequence - maybe revolution brought them into office (caused to be in office). But sense 2 is specifically cause to come into a particular state or condition; "bring into office" is a state. Need choose single. Let's analyze all.

1. bring%2:38:00 = take physically somewhere; not.

2. bring%2:35:04 = cause to come into a particular state or condition.

3. bring%2:36:00 = cause to happen or to occur as a consequence; synonyms work, play, wreak, make for; examples I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc; bring about. "brought into office" maybe cause to come into state.

4. bring%2:35:00 = go/come after and fetch; not.

5. bring into a different state; synonyms land; example this may land you in jail. Very close. The phrase "landed in office"? "brought into office" = caused to be in office. Senses 2 and 5 both about state. Sense 5 gloss "bring into a different state" and examples "this may land you in jail". This is idiom land in, not bring into office? Actually "land" can mean bring: "this may land you in jail". It indicates resulting state, often negative/unexpected. "brought into office" could be sense 5? Need decide between 2 and 5.

WordNet sense 5 bring%2:30:00 . "bring into a different state" examples: "this may land you in jail". It uses "land" as synonym. But "brought into office" arguably cause to be in office. Sense 2 examples include "brought them to their competence", "bring water to the boiling point". Very specific about transition into a state/condition. Sense 5 is more resultative with "land" typically. The words "into office" are not just condition? It's an idiomatic phrase elect. "Reagan revolution brought into office" means produced/elected. That fits "cause to come into a particular state or condition" (the state is being in office). Sense 5 likely less likely because different state and synonym land.

Candidate 2's definition includes "cause to come into a particular state or condition," and example "Long hard years of on the job training had brought them to their competence"; "bring water to the boiling point". Similar to bring someone to office? Actually one brings water to boiling point, brings them to competence. "Bring into office" exactly cause to come into state of office.

Candidate 3: "cause to happen or to occur as a consequence" has synonyms work, play, wreak, make for; examples work a miracle, wreak havoc. "Reagan revolution brought them into office" could be "the revolution brought about their election" = cause to happen. But the target phrase is "brought into office" (state), and sense 3 examples don't take goal state. So 2 is best.

Candidate 7: advance charges; no.

Candidate 11: induce/persuade; no.

Final answer JSON: {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON object, no explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON. Let's analyze target "office" in sentence: "the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into <t>office</t> in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982". Phrase "brought into office" means elected/installed into a governmental position. Candidate senses: 4: (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; synonyms=power; examples being in office already gives candidate advantage; during his first year in office. This fits. The other 7: a job in an organization, could be close, but here political office/government official. "brought into office" is sense 4. Also note "security in office" earlier in paragraph. The target is "office" within "brought into office". Definitely sense 4. Must not answer with sense key, only JSON. {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: revolution
Target surface form: revolution
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan <t>revolution</t> and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=revolution%1:11:01:: | definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. sense_key=revolution%1:04:00:: | definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. sense_key=revolution%1:11:00:: | definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | synonyms=rotation, gyration | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed; the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target surface form "revolution" in given context. Need choose single best indexed sense among three candidates. Return JSON {"sense_index": N}. We must not include explanation, just JSON. But we can think before output.

Candidate senses:
1 revolution%1:11:01:: definition: a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving. Examples: industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution.
2 revolution%1:04:00:: definition: the overthrow of a government by those who are governed.
3 revolution%1:11:00:: definition: a single complete turn; syn rotation/orbital.

Context: "...defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making..."

"Reagan revolution" is a political term meaning significant change in policy/ideology, not literal overthrow nor rotation. So sense 1 is best: drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving. Also example "industrial revolution". It is not overthrow of government (Reagan was elected, not overthrown). Not rotation. Therefore index 1. Need output JSON only. Ensure exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: running
Context:
While this theory is exceedingly simple, it appears to explain several things. First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and <t>running</t> for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer: choose best sense for "running" target lemma run. Context: political text: "first-term ... term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. ... 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and <t>running</t> for re-election in 1982. ... more vulnerable to defeat."
"running for re-election" means campaigning / seeking office / standing for election. Candidate sense 9: run%2:33:06:: definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position synonyms=campaign examples=Who's running for treasurer this year? That is exactly. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 9} only. Ensure no other text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: freshman
Target surface form: freshmen
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these <t>freshmen</t> placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=freshman%1:18:00:: | definition=a first-year undergraduate | synonyms=fresher
2. sense_key=freshman%1:18:01:: | definition=any new participant in some activity | synonyms=newcomer, fledgling, fledgeling, starter, neophyte, newbie

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "freshmen" in the given context. The lemma is "freshman" with surface form "freshmen" (plural).

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about congressional representatives and legislators
- It mentions "first-term members of the House"
- It talks about "freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982"
- "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

Now look at the candidate senses:
1. freshman%1:18:00:: - a first-year undergraduate (student)
2. freshman%1:18:01:: - any new participant in some activity (newcomer, fledgling, starter, neophyte, newbie)

In this political context, "freshman Republicans" refers to first-term members of Congress - new participants in the activity of being legislators/Congress members. They are not undergraduate students.

The phrase "first-term members" directly parallels "freshman" here, indicating sense 2 - new participants.

So the best sense is 2.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: place
Target surface form: placed
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen <t>placed</t> far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=place%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=put, set, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=place%2:41:01:: | definition=place somebody in a particular situation or location | examples=he was placed on probation
3. sense_key=place%2:31:01:: | definition=assign a rank or rating to | synonyms=rate, rank, range, order, grade | examples=how would you rank these students?; The restaurant is rated highly in the food guide
4. sense_key=place%2:40:00:: | definition=assign a location to | synonyms=locate, site | examples=The company located some of their agents in Los Angeles
5. sense_key=place%2:32:01:: | definition=to arrange for | examples=place a phone call; place a bet
6. sense_key=place%2:31:03:: | definition=take a place in a competition; often followed by an ordinal | synonyms=come in, come out | examples=Jerry came in third in the Marathon
7. sense_key=place%2:33:03:: | definition=intend (something) to move towards a certain goal | synonyms=target, aim, direct, point | examples=He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face; criticism directed at her superior
8. sense_key=place%2:31:00:: | definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | synonyms=identify | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
9. sense_key=place%2:41:00:: | definition=assign to (a job or a home)
10. sense_key=place%2:36:00:: | definition=locate | synonyms=set, localize, localise | examples=The film is set in Africa
11. sense_key=place%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=put, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
12. sense_key=place%2:42:00:: | definition=identify the location or place of | synonyms=localize, localise | examples=We localized the source of the infection
13. sense_key=place%2:40:03:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, put, commit | examples=Put money into bonds
14. sense_key=place%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, send
15. sense_key=place%2:33:02:: | definition=finish second or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to place
16. sense_key=place%2:32:00:: | definition=sing a note with the correct pitch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose sense for "placed" in context. Context: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making..." This is idiomatic "place emphasis on". Among senses, which best fits? It is metaphorical/abstract location: put emphasis onto a role. Sense 1 put into a certain place or abstract location. Although "emphasis" abstract location and place is used with "on". Sense 1 synonyms include put, set, pose, position, lay. Candidate 2 place somebody in a particular situation or location (was placed on probation) - that's somewhat similar but emphasis/role not a person. Candidate 1 matches "place" + abstract object emphasis. Candidate 11 estimate: "put" as estimate time, not. Candidate 5 arrange for call/bet. So sense 1 best.

Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emphasis
Target surface form: emphasis
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more <t>emphasis</t> on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emphasis%1:26:00:: | definition=special importance or significance | synonyms=accent | examples=the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis; the room was decorated in shades of grey with distinctive red accents
2. sense_key=emphasis%1:07:00:: | definition=intensity or forcefulness of expression | synonyms=vehemence | examples=the vehemence of his denial; his emphasis on civil rights
3. sense_key=emphasis%1:10:01:: | definition=special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g.
4. sense_key=emphasis%1:10:00:: | definition=the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch) | synonyms=stress, accent | examples=he put the stress on the wrong syllable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for emphasis. Context sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat." This means they gave special importance/significance to their partisan role. Sense 1 definition special importance or significance, synonyms accent. Sense 2 intensity or forcefulness of expression, vehemence, e.g., his emphasis on civil rights. That also might fit? Actually "emphasis on" can mean special importance attached, or stress. WordNet sense 2: "intensity or forcefulness of expression" e.g. "the vehemence of his denial; his emphasis on civil rights". Hmm his emphasis on civil rights could be importance. But WordNet distinct. Let's inspect WordNet senses.
emphasis noun:
- S: (n) emphasis, accent (special importance or significance) "the red light gave the central figure increased emphasis"; "the room was decorated in shades of grey with distinctive red accents"
- S: (n) vehemence, emphasis (intensity or forcefulness of expression) "the vehemence of his denial"; "his emphasis on civil rights"
- S: (n) emphasis (special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g.)
- S: (n) stress, emphasis, accent (the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)) "he put the stress on the wrong syllable"
In context "placed far more emphasis on their partisan role" = attached more importance/significance to their partisan role. Not forcefulness of expression or prosodic stress. The phrase "placed emphasis on" is commonly sense 1. The example "his emphasis on civil rights" in sense 2 is ambiguous but definition includes intensity/forcefulness. This context says they focused/attached importance to partisan national policymaking rather than local benefits. So sense 1.
Need answer JSON exact {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for "role" in sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan <t>role</t> -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat." Candidate senses:
1 role%1:04:00:: actions and activities assigned/required/expected of a person or group; synonyms function, office, part. example government must do its part.
2 role actor's portrayal.
3 function/purpose/use of something.
4 normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.
Need choose best.
Context: legislators' partisan role in national policy making. It means their role as party members, actions expected. Which sense? Sense 4 says normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. Sense 1 says actions and activities assigned/required/expected of a person or group. Both plausible. WordNet 3.1 roles: role#1 function, office, part; role#2 character, theatrical role, part, persona; role#3 function, purpose, use; role#4 normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting.
Need infer index. "Partisan role" in social setting (political, Congress). Could be sense 4. However sense 1 seems more general expected activities assigned to a person or group. The example: "the government must do its part" (syn: function, office, part). The context of elected officials and partisan role = assigned or expected activities of a group (party). Is that not sense 1? Let's check WordNet hierarchy. sense 1 role noun person attribute? Actually role%1:04:00:: is noun.act: the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group. role%1:04:01:: also noun.act: normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. The distinction: sense 1 includes groups and assigned duties (job), sense 4 includes customary activity/position in social context (e.g., "what is your role on the team?"). "Partisan role" is a social/political role, perhaps sense 4. But "role" often mapped to sense 1 for social roles? Let's examine gloss examples: Sense 1 examples: "play its role" (the function of a teacher, government must do its part). Sense 4 examples: "what is your role on the team?" or "the role of a good teacher." Actually WordNet examples for sense 4 include "what is your role on the team?" So "role" for a legislator's role might be sense 4. Let's see the usage: "their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making". Emphasis on role = their function/expected activity in national policy making as partisan Republicans. It is akin to "partisan function". Synonyms function, office, part from sense 1. But sense 3 also synonyms function, purpose, use, but for inanimate. This is for person/political role. Sense 1 synonyms include office, part. Sense 4 synonyms not listed, maybe role, capacity.
The instructions: choose single best indexed sense from candidates. Need output JSON with sense_index (probably 1-4 corresponding to order given). Need not answer with key, just JSON. We should decide likely expected answer.
Let's analyze fine-grained. The target phrase "partisan role" refers to normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting: a freshman Republican legislator's partisan role in national policy making. Since this is within a social setting (Congress/party), sense 4 seems ideal. However sense 1 is more about assigned actions of a person or group, and context explicitly says "spreading the Reagan revolution" (activity assigned to/expected of them). Which sense is conventionally "partisan role"? Let's look at WordNet: role#4 normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting. hypernym: activity? has hyponyms: gender role, position (the role assigned). position: "what is your role on the team?" This sense is about role as social part/position. "Role" in "gender role" is sense 4. "Partisan role" might be a social role, thus sense 4. But "role in national policy making" is an assigned function of a person or group, sense 1.
Check the definitions: sense 1: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group." This appears in Semcor etc. Many usage instances of "role" meaning function pick sense 1. The key distinction between 1 and 4: sense 1 is "function" expected duty; sense 4 is "activity customary of a person in a social setting." Example differences: sense 1 "function of a teacher" (job), sense 4 "what is your role on the team?" (social). Both could apply to legislator.
Candidate order:
1 role%1:04:00::
4 role%1:04:01:: normal/customary activity
The surface is "partisan role" and further the theory "legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking." So "partisan role" in national policymaking is a type of activity, function of the legislator as a party member. I think sense 1 is likely because of synonyms function/office and definition around assigned/expected actions of a group (party). It fits "spreading the Reagan revolution" (activities required). The text: "placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making". The role is the assigned activities to them as party members. That's sense 1.
But need avoid hedging. Let's make a final decision. Evidence: "the government must do its part" parallel to legislators' partisan role; the broader paragraph mentions "government occupied a much smaller role in society" earlier — that "role" would likely be sense 3? Actually "role in society" = function/purpose? It might be sense 1 "actions/activities expected of government" or sense 4? That earlier occurrence could be sense 3? No, something's role in society? Government is a group, assigned activities. Could be sense 1. But target is later "partisan role".
Consider typical WSD dataset annotation for "role" in this exact sentence. This looks from Wikipedia/essay about Fenno's? Could be from a standard sentence used in evaluation. If they expect one indexed sense, which? Let's search memory: WordNet role senses: "role" in "government occupied a much smaller role in society" often annotated as sense 1? Maybe "role" as "the function or position that somebody/something has." The WordNet distinct: 1 function, office, part (e.g., the government must do its part); 2 actor; 3 use/purpose; 4 normal/customary activity. Many contexts select sense 1. The example "play an important role" maps to sense 1? The collocates "important role" often sense 4? Hmm.
Let's examine examples: WordNet role#4 example "what is your role on the team?" This is a social role. "Partisan role" maybe more like a social role. However WordNet role#1 examples: "the function of a teacher; the government must do its part." These are explicit tasks. A legislator's partisan role is a task: "spreading the Reagan revolution — national policy making". That is exactly "actions and activities assigned/required/expected of a person/group." Also synonyms function, office, part. So sense 1.
I'll pick sense 1. But need to be certain because the instruction says use sentence context, examples, synonyms. Let's evaluate both:
Sense 1 definition: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group." The context defines the role: "spreading the Reagan revolution" in national policy making. That's a set of activities expected of partisan freshmen. Synonyms: function, office, part. "Far more emphasis on their partisan function" works.
Sense 4 definition: "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting." Here, social setting = Congress/partisan context. Activity = spreading revolution. It also fits. Which is better? "Normal or customary activity" suggests typical behavior, but these freshmen placed emphasis on it, maybe not customary. Actually for freshman as party member, partisan role is expected behavior. The phrase "assigned" in sense 1 aligns with elected role.
Given the target phrase "partisan role" in policy making, and the theory of legislators' functions, sense 1 is best. Output JSON {"sense_index": 1}.
Need not include explanation. Ensure exact JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spread
Target surface form: spreading
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- <t>spreading</t> the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spread%2:35:00:: | definition=distribute or disperse widely | synonyms=distribute | examples=The invaders spread their language all over the country
2. sense_key=spread%2:35:07:: | definition=become distributed or widespread | synonyms=propagate | examples=the infection spread; Optimism spread among the population
3. sense_key=spread%2:42:00:: | definition=spread across or over | synonyms=overspread | examples=A big oil spot spread across the water
4. sense_key=spread%2:35:03:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread out, open | examples=open the map; spread your arms
5. sense_key=spread%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to become widely known | synonyms=circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate | examples=spread information; circulate a rumor
6. sense_key=spread%2:32:02:: | definition=become widely known and passed on | synonyms=go around, circulate | examples=the rumor spread; the story went around in the office
7. sense_key=spread%2:38:00:: | definition=strew or distribute over an area | synonyms=scatter, spread out | examples=He spread fertilizer over the lawn; scatter cards across the table
8. sense_key=spread%2:38:02:: | definition=move outward | synonyms=diffuse, spread out, fan out | examples=The soldiers fanned out
9. sense_key=spread%2:35:12:: | definition=cover by spreading something over | examples=spread the bread with cheese
10. sense_key=spread%2:35:13:: | definition=distribute over a surface in a layer | examples=spread cheese on a piece of bread

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze the context carefully.

Target surface form: "spreading"
Context: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat."

So "spreading the Reagan revolution" appears in a political context about spreading an ideology, movement, or set of policies.

The candidates:
1. spread%2:35:00:: = distribute or disperse widely (syn=distribute)
2. spread%2:35:07:: = become distributed or widespread (syn=propagate)
3. spread%2:42:00:: = spread across or over (syn=overspread)
4. spread%2:35:03:: = open out (syn=unfold, open)
5. spread%2:32:00:: = cause to become widely known (syn=circulate, circulate, distribute, disseminate, propagate)
6. spread%2:32:02:: = become widely known and passed on (syn=go around, circulate)
7. spread%2:38:00:: = strew/distribute over an area (syn=scatter)
8. spread%2:38:02:: = move outward
9. spread%2:35:12:: = cover by spreading something over
10. spread%2:35:13:: = distribute over a surface in a layer

"Spreading the Reagan revolution" — this is transitive, the freshmen are actively making the Reagan revolution known/widespread. In political rhetoric, "spreading" an ideology or revolution typically means disseminating it, propagating it, making it widely known.

Candidate 5: spread%2:32:00:: = "cause to become widely known" with synonyms including "circulate, circularize, circularise, distribute, disseminate, propagate" and examples "spread information; circulate a rumor"

Candidate 1: "distribute or disperse widely" — this seems close too. "The invaders spread their language all over the country" — spreading culture/ideas broadly.

But the political "Reagan revolution" is more like disseminating/propagating an ideology. The examples for sense 5 include "spread information," "circulate a rumor." The Reagan revolution is a set of political ideas/movement — making it widely known/adopted.

Actually, "spread" with revolution is tricky. Sense 5 seems most aligned with "dissemination of ideas/information" while sense 1 is more about physical distribution or dispersal. "Reagan revolution" as an ideological/political entity fits better with communication sense (2:32).

Wait, but "spreading the Reagan revolution" could also mean extending the political movement/attempting to make the Reagan revolution's ideals more widespread. This is ideological propagation, so sense 5 "cause to become widely known" with synonyms disseminate, propagate fits well.

Let me double-check WordNet structure. The sense keys use lexicographer file codes:
- 2:35:00 and 2:35:07 are in the "verb.contact" or similar (actually 35 file? Let me recall...)
- 2:32:00 is verb.communication

Actually sense 5 with keys 2:32:00 and 2:32:02 are in verb.communication, while 2:35:00 etc are more physical/contact.

"Spreading the Reagan revolution" — it's not literally physical spreading but ideological/political communication. So sense 5 makes most sense.

The PPDB or typical WSD for "spread the revolution": usually maps to "cause to become widely known" or "disseminate".

Let me consider sense 1 again: "distribute or disperse widely" with example "The invaders spread their language all over the country". Language is a type of cultural idea entity. That's also a verb.contact sense. Hmm. But "Reagan revolution" is an ideological/political movement, more abstract.

In WordNet, "spread" can have transitive in both categories. The sentence "spreading the Reagan revolution" — what kind of spreading? They are trying to disseminate their ideology/policies widely. I'd lean toward sense 5 because of the information/idea nature and synonym "propagate, disseminate, distribute".

Actually synonym "distribute" appears in both sense 1 and 5 sense 5. But sense 1's domain is physical/general; sense 5's domain is communication.

The context explicitly mentions "partisan role" and "national policy making" — political/ideological. The best fit is sense 5: "cause to become widely known."

But wait — is it "become" or "cause to become" in the context? The phrase is "spreading the Reagan revolution". So transitive, the Freshmen are DOING the spreading, so it's "cause to become widely known" (transitive verb.communication, sense 5). Not the intransitive "become widely known" (sense 6).

So my choice: sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: revolution
Target surface form: revolution
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan <t>revolution</t> -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=revolution%1:11:01:: | definition=a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving | examples=the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution
2. sense_key=revolution%1:04:00:: | definition=the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
3. sense_key=revolution%1:11:00:: | definition=a single complete turn (axial or orbital) | synonyms=rotation, gyration | examples=the plane made three rotations before it crashed; the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD. Need choose indexed sense among three. Target surface 'revolution' in sentence about Reagan revolution and spreading the Reagan revolution in national policy making. This is political ideological change, not overthrow of government nor physical rotation. Sense 1: drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving. Fits "Reagan revolution" referring to major shift in political ideology/policy. Although sense 2 could mean overthrow, but Reagan came to power by election and policy shift, not violent overthrow. Sense 1 example includes "the industrial revolution" and "cultural revolution". So best is sense 1. Return JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in <t>national</t> policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need choose sense. Context: "in national policy making". Phrase: national policy making. National policy making: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country. It contrasts with local benefit-seeking. The freshmen placed far more emphasis on partisan role in national policy making. So sense 3: concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country. Definition examples include national government, national elections. Also national policy? There is sense 2 limited to or in interests of a particular nation, examples national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy. But here national policy making is about policy for the whole nation/countrywide, as opposed to local. Sense 3 best. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, why ticket splitting has increased and taken the peculiar pattern that it has over the past half century: Prior to the election of Franklin Roosevelt as president and the advent of the New Deal, government occupied a much smaller role in society and the prisoner's dilemma problem confronting voters in races for Congress was considerably less severe. Second, it explains why voters hold Congress in disdain but generally love their own congressional representatives: Any individual legislator's constituents appreciate the specific benefits that the legislator wins for them but not the overall cost associated with every other legislator doing likewise for his own constituency. Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national <t>policy</t> making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer a WSD task for lemma "policy" surface form "policy" in context. We need choose single best indexed sense among 3 candidates. The instructions: choose the single best indexed sense, do not answer with WordNet sense key, return only JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. We must not hedge. Need decide.

Let's analyze context. The sentence: "Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat." The phrase "national policy making" is target word "policy" between "national" and "making". Candidates definitions:
1. policy%1:09:00:: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
examples: it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. policy%1:10:00:: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government
examples: they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. policy%1:10:02:: written contract or certificate of insurance; synonyms insurance policy; irrelevant.

Here "national policy making" refers to making government policies (plans of action for government). Sense 1 is general plan of action adopted by individual or social group, could include government? Sense 2 specifically line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government. Which is best? In WSD, "policy making" in politics. Let's explore WordNet senses. policy in noun senses: 1.09.00 (cognition? actually noun.cognition?) a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group. 2. noun.communication? a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government. 3. noun.possession? written contract or insurance.

In the given examples for sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation". That sense is somewhat archaic/rhetorical. But "national policy making" is standard in political science, meaning making plans/positions that guide government action. Between sense 1 and sense 2. In WordNet, sense 1 is the general/common meaning, examples "a politician keeps changing his policies". The context "national policy making" could be either plans of action (sense 1 adopted by government as social group) or line of argument (sense2). Let's see if "policy making" as collocation more associated with sense 1. In many WSD tasks, "economic policy" / "foreign policy" sense 1. Actually "foreign policy" is plan of action? Could be. But sense 2: "line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". The word "policy" in "national policy making" refers to course/principles of government action, not necessarily line of argument. Let's examine definitions carefully.

Sense 1: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group. Government is a social group; national policy = a national plan of action. Sense 2: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government. This is narrower and perhaps more like "policy or impolicy" (wisdom). Examples "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation" - here policy means prudence / wisdom, a line of argument rationalizing a course of action.

In the phrase "national policy making", "policy making" commonly means the process by which governments formulate and adopt policies (sense 1). Also the broader text: "legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking". They are comparing national policy making (creating laws/government plans) vs local benefits. So sense 1 fits best: plan of action adopted by a social group (the nation/government). Need choose single best index. Probably index 1. However, we need be careful whether "policy" here has the sense "line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government", which could fit "national policy making" as rationalizing government actions? But "policy making" in political science is sense 1 usually. Let's verify from WordNet examples. Sense 1 examples: "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies". This sense corresponds to policies as plans of action. "National policy making" = making national policies (plans of action). So sense_index = 1.

We need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure not include sense key. Final only JSON.