[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target lemma write surface form write in context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." This is a figurative/parallel list of basic skills: read, write, and reckon (do arithmetic). "write" here means ability to write (form letters, handwriting), or maybe literary work? In educational context "read, write, and reckon" means basic literacy and numeracy. "write" in the sense of produce written text or form letters. Candidate senses: 1 produce literary work; 2 communicate/express by writing; 3 publish; 4 communicate with in writing (drop a line); 5 communicate by letter; 6 write music; 7 mark or trace on a surface (e.g., characters); 8 record data; 9 write/name letters (spell); 10 code. The phrase "teach children to read, write, and reckon" evokes basic skills of writing, likely sense 9? Let's inspect.

Sense 9: definition: write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word); synonyms=spell; examples: He spelled the word wrong in this letter. That seems spelling/letter-forming. But "teach children to read and write" typically means writing letters, not necessarily spelling. WordNet sense 7: mark or trace on a surface (write Chinese characters; Russian is written with Cyrillic alphabet). That's about the physical act of making marks. Sense 2: communicate or express by writing. Sense 1: produce a literary work. Basic literacy might be sense 2? The context is from perhaps an article about education: "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." This broad "read, write, and reckon" uses "write" as communication, not necessarily literary. The phrase could be from discussion of back-to-basics education; "readin', writin', and 'rithmetic". In WordNet, there is sense 9 for spelling? Actually "write" sense 2: "communicate or express by writing; Please write to me every week." That seems epistolary maybe. Sense 4/5 are specific letter writing. Sense 2 example "Please write to me every week" suggests letter. But definition broad: communicate or express by writing.

Let's evaluate each candidate carefully.

The target uses the base form "write" after to (infinitive): "teach our children to read, write and reckon". In list of skills, "read, write, and reckon" means basic abilities. "write" means to produce written language; to form words and sentences. Could correspond to sense 1? "produce a literary work" too high-level. Sense 2: communicate or express by writing. That includes producing text. The example "Please write to me every week" though is correspondence. Sense 7: mark or trace on a surface - more calligraphic. Sense 9: spell - forming letters that comprise accepted form of a word. The phrase "teach children to write" can mean learning to form letters. WordNet's sense 9 is narrow: "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word)" = spell. But in "read, write, and reckon", write includes spelling? The "re” set phrase "readin', ritin', and rithmetic". In WSD, the standard sense for "read and write" as literacy is often sense 7? Let's recall actual WordNet sense keys for "write". The verb write has many senses. Index in WordNet maybe different. But candidate list uses custom indices.

Let's look at definitions:
1 write%2:36:00 produce a literary work (compose, pen, indite)
2 write%2:32:00 communicate or express by writing (Please write to me every week)
3 write%2:36:02 have (one's written work) issued for publication
4 write%2:32:08 communicate (with) in writing (drop a line)
5 write%2:32:01 communicate by letter
6 write%2:36:04 write music
7 write%2:36:01 mark or trace on a surface
8 write%2:32:03 record data on a computer
9 write%2:36:03 write or name the letters... (spell)
10 write%2:36:10 create code

Given "read, write, and reckon" as basic academic skills, "write" likely refers to the ability to communicate in writing, i.e., to produce written text. Sense 2's definition "communicate or express by writing" fits. However example "Please write to me every week" suggests epistolary; but definition broad. Sense 7 "mark or trace on a surface" could also fit as the physical ability. Which one is more appropriate in this broad abstract usage? We should use context and synonyms. The list includes "read" (decode written text), "reckon" (compute, think). "write" as ability to produce written text, maybe "communicate or express by writing". It isn't about forming letters on surface specifically (like artist wrote characters). It isn't spelling specifically. It isn't literary work. It isn't letter writing. Sense 2 is best.

But maybe the phrase "read, write and reckon" in article about teaching children basic skills, perhaps the author purposely uses the old trio "reading, writing, and arithmetic". In such usage, "writing" means composing/producing written text (literacy). WordNet sense 1? Actually "writing" in school is composition and penmanship. Could sense 1 produce a literary work? Not exactly. The act of writing in "reading, writing, arithmetic" includes penmanship and composition. WordNet sense 2 is good.

Let's consider examples for sense 2: "Please write to me every week" - that's specifically writing letters. But definition "communicate or express by writing" encompasses both letters and any written communication. The list of skills uses write as the general ability to communicate/express in writing, likely sense 2. Sense 4 is "communicate (with) in writing" with synonyms drop a line, example "Write her soon, please!" That is also letter writing but with an object recipient. Here no recipient. So sense 2 better.

Potential issue: WordNet sense keys encode lexical file: 2:36:00 vs 2:32:00. The 'body' frame? Communication (32) vs creation (36). "read, write, reckon" is communication? Writing is creation of text. Hmm. In WSD tasks, "read, write, and reckon" could be mapped to "write" sense of "communicate or express by writing" (communication). Let's check typical SemCor annotations. The phrase "teach them to read and write" maybe annotated as sense 2? Let's see. In WordNet 3.0, "write" sense 2: communicate (letters, symbols etc.)? Actually maybe I'm conflating. Let's fetch memory.

WordNet verb write senses (approx):
1. write (produce a literary work) "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels"
2. write, compose, pen, indite (produce a literary work) maybe duplicate.
Actually WordNet has distinct? Let's recall from NLTK:
write.v.01: produce a literary work; "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels"
write.v.02: communicate or express by writing; "Please write to me every week"
write.v.03: have (one's written work) issued for publication; ...
write.v.04: communicate (with) in writing; ...
write.v.05: communicate by letter; ...
write.v.06: write music; ...
write.v.07: mark or trace on a surface; ...
write.v.08: record data on a computer; ...
write.v.09: write or name the letters ... (spell)
write.v.10: create code ...
Wait v.01 and v.02? Some duplicate? In PWN 3.0 maybe 11 senses.

Actually listing from WordNet:
1. (communication) write (communicate or express by writing) "Please write to me every week"
2. (creation) write, compose, pen, indite (produce a literary work) "She composed a poem"; "He wrote four novels"
3. (creation) publish, write (have (one's written work) issued for publication) ...
4. (communication) drop a line, write (communicate (with) in writing) ...
5. (communication) write (communicate by letter) ...
6. (creation) compose, write (write music) ...
7. (creation) write (mark or trace on a surface) ...
8. (communication) save, write (record data on a computer) ...
9. (creation) spell, write (write or name the letters ...) ...
10. (creation) write (create code ...) ...
But the candidate list uses numbers not necessarily WordNet ordering. Anyway.

I need final answer JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Must choose single best indexed sense among listed (1-10). I think sense_index 2.

But let's analyze deeply to ensure no better candidate.

Context: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do." This is likely from an op-ed lamenting that schools fail to teach basics despite knowing how. The phrase "read, write, and reckon" is alliterative. "write" there could be understood as "writing" as basic academic skill, including handwriting, spelling, and composition. Among WN senses, "communicate or express by writing" (sense 2) captures the general skill of written communication. "mark or trace on a surface" (7) is too concrete/physical and includes art. "write or name the letters" (9) is spelling, not the general skill. "produce a literary work" (1) too advanced. "communicate (with) in writing" (4) and "communicate by letter" (5) require a recipient, not present. "publish" (3) too specific. "write music" (6), "record data" (8), "code" (10) irrelevant.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 2}.

Need be concise, no explanation. Only JSON object exactly. The user explicitly asks return only JSON. We must output only JSON. Ensure no markdown? They said exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So output {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with single best indexed sense for 'reckon' in sentence: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

Need choose among senses. Context: read, write, and reckon - classic three Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic). Reckon here means to calculate or do arithmetic. Sense 4 definition make a mathematical calculation or computation. Synonyms calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure. That matches "read, write and reckon". So index 4.

Need return only JSON object.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Venice

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "know" in the given context.

Context: "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to."

The key phrase is "do not know how to". This directly relates to knowledge of how to do something.

Looking at candidate senses:
1. know%2:31:01:: - be cognizant or aware of a fact or specific piece of information
2. know%2:31:03:: - know how to do or perform something; examples: "She knows how to knit"; "Does your husband know how to cook?"
3. know%2:31:02:: - be aware of the truth of something
4. know%2:31:00:: - be familiar or acquainted with a person or object
5. know%2:31:04:: - have firsthand knowledge of states/situations/emotions
6. know%2:31:06:: - accept someone to be what is claimed
7. know%2:31:15:: - have fixed in the mind
8. know%2:35:00:: - have sexual intercourse with
9. know%2:31:11:: - know the nature or character of
10. know%2:31:12:: - be able to distinguish
11. know%2:31:14:: - perceive as familiar

The phrase "know how to" is explicitly in the definition of sense 2: "know how to do or perform something" with examples "She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?"

The context also says "we do not know how to [teach our children to read, write and reckon], because we do." This clearly means having the skill/knowledge of how to do something.

So the answer is sense index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as JSON only. Need choose sense index for target word 'want' in context. Let's analyze.

Context: "Why can't we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

We have 'want' infinitive "want to". This means desire/wish/intention to do something. Candidate senses:
1. feel or have a desire for; want strongly. examples I want to go home now. Yes fits: "we do not want to [teach]" -> desire.
2. need/require: This piano wants tuning. Not here.
3. hunt/look for: police want you. Not here.
4. wish or demand the presence of: I want you here. Not here.
5. be without/lack: want courtesy. Could not 'want to' mean lack? "It is not that we do not know how to, because we do. It is that we do not want to." If interpreted as "we do not lack to"? No. Sense 5 is transitive with noun (want courtesy). Not with to-infinitive.
So best sense index 1. Must return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure JSON exactly.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense. Need analyze target 'reason' noun context. Sentence: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us..." The reason clause explains fact we do not want to (teach). This is an explanation of cause? Or justification? Need map to candidate senses.

Definitions:
1. a rational motive for a belief or action (ground). Examples: war declared; grounds for declaration.
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon. Example: the reason a steady state was never reached was that back pressure built up too slowly.
5. a justification for something existing or happening; synonyms cause, grounds. Examples: he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice.
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion. Example: there is reason to believe he is lying.
3. capacity for rational thought. 4. state of good sense.

We need identify noun sense of "the reason (that) we do not want to is that..." This is the cause or explanation: why we do not want to. "reason" could be an explanation for the cause. In WordNet, sense 1 and 5 are close. Let's look at WordNet sense indexing: reason%1:10:01 vs 1:10:00. reason sense 1? WordNet noun reason has 6 senses:
1. a rational motive for a belief or action (cognition)
2. an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon (communication)
3. the capacity for rational thought (cognition)
4. the state of having good sense (attribute)
5. a justification for something existing or happening (communication)
6. a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion (cognition)

Wait their numbering includes five? They list 1,2,3,4,5,6. Yes. The question likely from WSD corpus. Context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish..." This is a noun phrase where "reason" is used in a causal explanation clause (the reason S is that ...). Is that sense 1:10:01 "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon", or sense 1:10:00 "a justification for something existing or happening"? Need nuance. "The reason I did X is Y" is often explained as "a rational motive for a belief or action"? Hmm. Example sense 1: "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration." War declared = action. Context action: "we do not want to" = belief/action. The reason is because effective education would require ... (a rational motive? It explains why we don't want to, not a justification for existence). Might be sense 2 or 5.

Let's see WordNet examples. Sense 2: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly." This exactly pattern "the reason X (did not happen) is that ..." explaining cause of some phenomenon. Sense 5: "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice" - justification for existing or happening. It uses "reason to rejoice" as noun with infinitive, not clause "reason (that) ...".
Our phrase: "the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us..." It's explanation of cause of a phenomenon (the fact we do not want to). Thus sense 2 (an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon) likely.

But consider sense 1: a rational motive for a belief or action. "The reason we do not want to" might be action/attitude, and clause gives rational motive. Example: "the reason that war was declared". Similar to "the reason that we don't want to (do it) was that..." It is the cause/motive for an action. WordNet sense 1 includes rational motive, synonyms grounds. Many WSD systems label "the reason (that)..." as sense 2? Need determine exactly.

Let's recall SemCor mappings for "reason". Sense 2 is "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" with example "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly". The pattern "the reason [NP] [was] that..." is sense 2. Sense 1 uses "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration". Could also be "that reason" plus a clause. Hmm.

Sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening". Example "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice". This is not a full clausal complement but rather reason for + verb. Our phrase has a clause: "we do not want to"; "that effective education...". It's a cause explanation, not justification. So sense 2 likely.

Need final answer JSON object {"sense_index": 2}. They requested only JSON, no explanation. The instruction says do not answer with WordNet sense key, return JSON. We should output exactly. Ensure no markdown? They said JSON object exactly like. We can provide just JSON.

Need to be careful: "sense_index" value should be the number in candidate list. Candidate 2 is reason%1:10:01. So JSON {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet sense for 'want' in sentence: "It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish ..." Target: want (want to). Candidates:
1 want%2:37:00:: feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples I want to go home now; I want my own room.
2 have need of (need/require) "This piano wants the attention..." (archaic?).
3 hunt or look for; want for a particular reason (wanted by FBI).
4 wish or demand the presence of (I want you here at noon).
5 be without/lack.
Context: we do not want to [do something]. It's volitional desire: we don't desire to (teach effectively). This matches sense 1. Need not relevant. So answer index 1. Must output JSON only exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We are doing WSD for word "effective" in context. Need choose among candidate senses. We need analyze sentence: "the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." It means producing intended result, successful in teaching children to read write reckon. Candidate senses:
1. producing or capable of producing intended result or having striking effect; synonyms effectual, efficacious; examples effective teaching methods. This fits: effective education = education that produces intended result (children learning).
2. able to accomplish purpose; functioning effectively; synonyms efficient; examples effective personnel. Slight nuance: competent/efficient. Could also fit, but phrase "effective education" aligns closer with sense 1 "producing intended result" and has example "effective teaching methods". In WordNet, sense 1 is base adjective. Sense 2 is satellite competent/efficient (functioning effectively). In context, "effective education would require us to..." = education that achieves goals. Best is sense 1.
3. works well as a means or remedy: an effective reprimand, lotion. Not fit for education broadly.
4. in effect, operative: law effective immediately. Not.
5. actual: effective demand / effective work. Not.
6. operational/ready for service: effective soldiers. Not.

Thus answer {"sense_index": 1}. Need return only JSON object exactly. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense index for 'education' in given context. Need output JSON {"sense_index": X}. Let's analyze.

Target surface: education. Context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs ... These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment..." It's about teaching children to read, write, reckon. Effective education in sense of activities of educating/instructing? Or the process of acquiring knowledge? Need distinguish WordNet senses:

1. education%1:04:00:: activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill. synonyms instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity. examples "he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed". This sense refers to the act/process/activities of teaching, perhaps concrete activities. WordNet noun noun.act (1:04) maybe.

2. education%1:09:00:: knowledge acquired by learning and instruction. examples "it was clear that he had a very broad education". This refers to knowledge one has.

3. education%1:09:01:: the gradual process of acquiring knowledge. examples "education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's". This is the process of being educated (acquiring knowledge), not activities of instructing. Noun.cognition (1:09). Note distinction: sense 1 is activities of educating/instructing (teaching), sense 3 is gradual process of acquiring knowledge (learning).

4. education%1:04:01:: profession of teaching.

5. upbringing/training/breeding.

6. Department.

Context: "effective education would require us to relinquish... beliefs ... dominate our educational establishment". Effective education here refers to the process/system of educating children (teaching them read/write). It could align with sense 1 (the activities of educating or instructing). But also phrase "effective education" could mean successful process of acquiring knowledge/learning? Let's parse sentence: "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? ... effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." "effective education" means effective teaching/instruction. This matches sense 1 activities that impart knowledge/skill. synonyms instruction, teaching, pedagogy. It also relates to educational establishment. The author is focused on teaching children, not their accumulated knowledge. So best index likely 1. But we must consider sense 3 (gradual process of acquiring knowledge). Example "education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's". In context, "effective education would require us..." More about the practice rather than the process of acquiring knowledge by the student. The phrase "teach our children" -> impart knowledge/skill. Sense 1 has examples "he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed" — includes "formal education" which can refer to the activities/program.

Need return JSON only. Do not include explanation.

Need ensure index matching candidate list: 1.

Let's verify fine-grained WSD. The context "our educational establishment" suggests institution/profession? But target is education, not establishment. "effective education" can be sense 4 (profession of teaching)? No, sense 4 the profession of teaching (especially at a school/college). "effective education would require us to relinquish..." Maybe could refer to the educational system/profession, but phrase not "the education" as profession. Sense 4 is "the profession of teaching"; context does not emphasize teachers' profession. It emphasizes activities of teaching kids. So sense 1.

Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for 'require' in context. Need reason. The sentence: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs ..." Means effective education would necessitate / make it necessary for us to give up beliefs. It takes from us? The paraphrase: success usually requires hard work. "effective education would require us to relinquish..." fits sense 1 require as useful, just, or proper? Let's inspect each.
1 definition require as useful, just, or proper; synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve; examples It takes nerve; success requires hard work. This is the "call for / need / necessitate" sense where subject requires object, not necessarily a person agent. Here effective education requires us to do something? The object is "us to relinquish". That's a person action. In sense 1 examples "It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work"; the object is thing/activity. "effective education would require us to relinquish..." is similar to "This job requires you to travel." WordNet sense 1 can have object as infinitive complement with person. However sense 2: consider obligatory; request and expect; examples "We require our secretary to be on time". That involves an authority imposing an obligation on someone. The subject is a person/institution. Here subject "effective education" isn't an authority, it's a situation. So sense 1 better.
Sense 2 has ask/expect from someone. Sense 3 make someone do something; command. Also requires human authority? Not fit. Sense 4 have need of; wanting; subject often inanimate object "This piano wants attention"; but with person? "I want help". Not fit; we are not saying effective education needs us (it does need us to act) but main meaning is necessitate. So sense 1.
Return JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "relinquish" in the given context. I need to choose from 4 candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
"effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature"

So here, "relinquish" means to give up, abandon, or stop holding/adhering to beliefs.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
   - This is about giving up a possession or right, often transferring to someone else.

2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
   - This is about ceasing to hold or adhere to something, like ideas/formalities.

3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
   - This is about renouncing or giving up something, often a habit or commitment.

4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall
   - This is literal physical release.

The context is about giving up "cherished metaphysical beliefs." Sense 2 specifically mentions "relinquish the old ideas" and "cease to hold or adhere to," which fits perfectly with giving up beliefs. Sense 3 (turn away from; give up) could also work, but the example "foreswearing women forever" suggests renouncing a practice or commitment rather than beliefs. The phrase "cease to hold or adhere to" in sense 2 matches "beliefs" better because beliefs are things one holds/adheres to.

So the best answer is sense 2.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the lemma "belief" with the surface form "beliefs" in the given context.

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion

Context analysis:
The passage talks about "metaphysical beliefs about human nature" that are "cherished" and "dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents" so much that challenging them "seems almost blasphemous." These are firmly held convictions about the nature of reality/humanity, not vague ideas or impressions.

The phrase "metaphysical beliefs" clearly refers to doctrines/tenets that are held as true - philosophical positions about human nature. The text says "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs" - these are strong convictions, not vague notions.

Sense 1 "any cognitive content held as true" fits much better than sense 2 which is about "vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with synonyms like impression, feeling, notion, opinion.

The "beliefs" here are metaphysical convictions about human nature - cognitive content held as true. They dominate institutions and are cherished. This is clearly sense 1.

The answer should be JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need perform WSD. Target lemma young, surface young. Context: 'human nature of young people in particular'. Candidate senses: 1 adjective young%3:00:00:: definition in early period of life or development or growth; synonyms immature; examples young people. 2 early harvested crops. 3 suggestive of youth. 4 early stage. 5 inexperienced. Context is young people: young used of living things especially persons in early period of life. Best sense index 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. No explanation. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation target "people" surface form people. We are to choose from 4 senses. Need parse context: "young people in particular". The sentence discusses human nature and the human nature of young people. "young people" clearly means group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively, sense 1. Other senses: citizenry, family line, common people. Not here. So index 1.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON object with sense_index. Need choose best sense for "violate" in context. Let's analyze.

Target sentence: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature ... as well as to violate some cherished vested interests." The object is "vested interests". We need sense: fail to agree with / be in violation of rules or patterns? act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises? destroy? desecrate? rape? plunder?

"Violate vested interests" means go against, infringe upon, act in disregard of interests. Candidate 1: fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns. Examples: This sentence violates the rules of syntax. Candidate 2: act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. Examples: offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization. Both possible. But "vested interests" are not laws/rules/contracts/promises exactly, but protected rights/interests. "Violate some cherished vested interests" means to act contrary to/in disregard of those interests. Sense 1 synonyms go against, break; definition fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns. Sense 2 synonyms transgress, offend, infract, breach; definition act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. Which is best? In WordNet, violate%2:42:00:: is likely "This sentence violates the rules of syntax" — fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns. It is used for things not conforming to rules/patterns. violate%2:41:00:: is "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises" — more active transgression, e.g., violate the basic laws. "Vested interests" are not rules/patterns but entitlements. Could be "act in disregard of" promises/contracts? Not exactly. But "violate interests" often means harm/infringe upon. In WordNet, maybe sense 1 includes "be in violation of; as of rules or patterns" and "break". "Vested interests" could be considered a rule/pattern? Hmm.

Let's inspect WordNet senses. violate v.1: fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns; "This sentence violates the rules of syntax". Synonyms: go against, break. violate v.2: act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises; "offend all laws of humanity"; "violate the basic laws or human civilization"; "break a law"; "break a promise". Synonyms: transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break. violate v.3: destroy; "Don't violate my garden"; "violate my privacy". violate v.4: desecrate. v.5: rape. v.6: ravage.

"Violate some cherished vested interests" is abstract: effective education would harm/infringe upon vested interests. It is not destroy (physical), not desecrate/rape. Between 1 and 2. The phrase "violate interests" is more like "go against" or "be in violation of" (sense 1) than "act in disregard of laws/rules/contracts/promises" (sense 2). However, "vested interests" are often legal rights; "violate a vested interest" could be "infringe upon a right" = sense 2? Let's see examples: "violate the basic laws or human civilization" uses object laws. "violate a contract/promise". "Vested interests" are not laws/rules/contracts/promises. Sense 1 examples: "This sentence violates the rules of syntax" — object rules. Both examples use rules. But sense 1 definition includes "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns". It can apply to non-legal rules/patterns. Sense 2 is legal/moral transgression.

The context: "cherished vested interests" by educational establishment, media, politicians, parents. Effective education would challenge their interests. "Violate" here means "go against" or "run counter to" perhaps sense 1. Also "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs ... as well as violate some cherished vested interests." Parallel: relinquish beliefs, violate interests. It's about conflicting with interests, not breaking laws. So sense 1 likely best.

Need output JSON only. Ensure no extra text. {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON {sense_index: N}. Need choose sense for "beliefs" in text. Candidate senses: 1. belief%1:09:00:: any cognitive content held as true. 2. belief%1:09:01:: vague idea in which some confidence is placed, synonyms impression, feeling, notion, opinion.

Context says "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment..." It refers to cognitive content held as true (worldviews/convictions) not vague ideas or impressions. So sense 1. Need only JSON. Ensure no extra content.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for "so" in context. Need analyze target sentence. The candidate senses from WordNet. We must return JSON with sense_index.

Target lemma "so", surface so. Context: "These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

This is "so" modifying verb "dominate" intensifier + result clause "that...". It indicates to a very great extent or degree. Or could be "to an extent or degree as expressed" with that. Let's compare candidates:

1. so%4:02:02:: definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy

7. so%4:02:03:: definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells

In target, there is "so ... that" construction: so dominate... that it seems. This is often sense 7? Wait WordNet adverb sense keys. Let's be careful. In WordNet, "so" adv: 4:02:00, 01? Let's recall actual WordNet senses. For adv "so":
- S: (adv) so (to a very great extent or degree) "the idea is so obvious"; "never been so happy"; "I love you so"; "I'll be there so help me"
- S: (adv) so (in a manner that facilitates) "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior"; "he stooped down so he could pick up his hat"
- S: (adv) so (in such a condition or manner, esp...) "They're happy and I hope they will remain so"; "so live your life..."
- S: (adv) so (to a certain unspecified extent or degree) "I can only go so far..."; "can do only so much in a day"
- S: (adv) so (in the same way; also) "I was offended and so was he"
- S: (adv) so, thus, thusly (in the way indicated) "hold the brush so"
- S: (adv) so (usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed ... "he was so tired that..."
- S: (adv) then, so, and so, and then (subsequently or soon afterward...)
- S: (adv) therefore, hence, thence, thus, so (used to introduce a logical conclusion...)
- S: (adv) indeed, so (in truth often tends to intensify)...

Actually ordering? The provided candidate indexes differ from standard WordNet offset? They have keys ids from 00 to 10. Our indexing is given as 1-10. Need map to index. They list candidate senses numbered 1-10, each with sense_key. The "sense_index" likely is the candidate number. For "so dominate... that", definition 7 exactly matches plus examples "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells". But definition 1 "to a very great extent or degree" example includes "the idea is so obvious" not followed by that? It can be used with that. But syntactically "so ... that" is specifically sense 7 in WordNet.

In context: "These beliefs so dominate ... that..." It is an intensifier meaning to such an extent/degree. WordNet distinguishes sense 7 as "usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed". That fits best.

Need return only JSON {"sense_index": 7}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON with sense_index. Need choose between sense 1 and 2. Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents..." Target: educational before establishment (noun phrase) meaning relating to education/system of education. Sense 1: relating to the process of education. Examples educational psychology. Sense 2: providing knowledge/instructive, e.g., an educational film. Here "educational establishment" = institutions involved in education, so sense 1. Return {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me choose best sense of "establishment" in context. Target surface establishment. Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." They ask not answer with sense key; JSON only.

I need perform WSD. Candidate senses:
1 act of forming/establishing something
2 organization founded united for specific purpose
3 persons/committees/departments who make up a body administering something (administration/governance/governing body/brass) examples present admin corrupt; governance of association
4 public or private structure including buildings and equipment
5 any large organization
6 ecology ecesis
7 cognitive process of establishing valid proof

Context "educational establishment" likely refers to the people/institutions in education, possibly "the educational establishment" as a group. Sense 5 any large organization, sense 2 institution, sense 3 governing body/organization. Phrase "educational establishment" is common to mean schools/academic institutions etc. Within list: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents". The word is used to refer to a whole system/profession as a group, perhaps sense 3 "persons who make up a body administering something", maybe "educational establishment" as educational system/people within it. Educational establishment in WordNet could include schools. But synset 3 has examples claiming administration corrupt, governance of association. "Establishment" often with "the Establishment" refers to ruling group. In context "dominate our educational establishment" suggests the organized system/institution of education. It is not an individual building (4). Not act (1). Not ecology (6). Not cognitive process (7).

Between 2 organization founded/united for a specific purpose (institution) vs 5 any large organization vs 3 persons (administrative body). "educational establishment" is a specific institution? WordNet 1:14:00 institution: a foundation... includes universities? 1:14:01 any large organization. 1:14:02 governing body. The phrase "educational establishment" appears probably sense 1:14:02? Let's inspect WordNet definitions. Actually sense 2 likely "institution" examples hospital/university etc; definition includes organization founded and united for a specific purpose, e.g., university. Sense 5 specifically "any large organization". Sense 3 is "the persons who make up a body for the purpose of administering something." The word "establishment" in plural sometimes refers to a place of business. Here singular "educational establishment" with "our" and grouped with "media, politicians, parents" suggests a collective body/group of people in education, but could also be the organized education system.

Let's examine listing: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents". They are agents dominated by beliefs. "media", "politicians", "parents" are groups of people. So "educational establishment" likely also a group of people: the educators/administrators. Thus sense 3 best. The synonyms administration/governance/governing body/brass/organization/organisation; examples present administration corrupt. That points to people running the educational system. It matches "educational establishment" as the people/administrators in charge.

But WordNet "establishment%1:14:02::" gloss: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something". Yes exact best.

Let's make final JSON only: {"sense_index": 3}. No extra explanation? User says Return only JSON object exactly. Should match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need disambiguate "politicians" in context. Context: media, politicians, parents. It references political leaders/people active in party politics. Sense 1: leader engaged in civil administration (administrators mayors?). Sense 2: person active in party politics; synonyms politico, pol, political leader. In phrase "our media, our politicians, and even our parents", politicians denotes people in politics, political leaders, likely sense 2. The negative connotations? The author says beliefs dominate educational establishment, media, politicians, parents. Could be schemer? "politician" pejorative is sense 3. But here just plural listing groups, not describing underhanded schemers. It says these beliefs dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians. Refers to political figures, elected officials. Best sense: 2 (a person active in party politics). Need output JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "even" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the 4 candidates.

Let me analyze the context:
"These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "even" is used to emphasize that it's surprising or unexpected that these beliefs dominate our parents too. The sentence is listing groups (educational establishment, media, politicians) and then adding "even our parents" to indicate that the dominance extends to a group that might not be expected.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Sense 1 fits best. "Even our parents" indicates something unexpected - that the dominance of these beliefs extends to parents, which might be surprising or noteworthy. This is the intensive use to indicate something unexpected.

Sense 2 is about "in spite of" and is used with clauses indicating circumstances (when, with). This doesn't fit.
Sense 3 is about comparisons ("even worse", "even more"). This doesn't fit.
Sense 4 is "to the full extent" (e.g., "unto death"). This doesn't fit.

So the answer is sense_index: 1.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the target word "parents" which has the surface form "parents" and lemma "parent". Need to choose between two senses:

1. parent%1:18:00:: - a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. parent%1:03:00:: - an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Context: The text is about education, mentioning "our children", "young people", "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents". Clearly refers to human parents, fathers and mothers. So the first sense is the correct one.

The user wants the output as JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since the best sense is the first one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Need to verify: The candidate senses are listed as 1 and 2. The first one matches the context perfectly. The second one is biological parent in the sense of organisms, which makes no sense here. So the answer is 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best indexed sense for 'seems' in context. Need output JSON only with sense_index. Let's analyze sentence.

Target lemma seem, surface seems. Context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. This is impersonal 'it' with adjective phrase. Means it gives the impression of being almost blasphemous; appears/seems. Need decide among WordNet senses.

Senses:
1. seem%2:39:00:: definition give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; synonyms look, appear; examples She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem. This covers seeming as copula with complement, maybe 'seem + adjective'. "it seems almost blasphemous" fits: gives impression of being blasphemous.

2. seem%2:39:01:: definition seem to be true, probable, or apparent; synonyms appear; examples It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad. This is 'it seems that...' constructions. Our case is not 'it seems that' clause but 'it seems ADJP'. Could sense 1 be better.

3. seem%2:42:00:: appear to exist; examples There seems no reason... 'there seems no reason' with NP. Not ours.

4. seem%2:39:02:: appear to one's own mind or opinion; examples I seem to be misunderstood... Not ours.

So likely sense 1. However need consider WordNet distinction: sense 1 often with quality or aspect, sense 2 with 'it seems that'. The context "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" is 'it seems [adjective] [infinitive]'. This is like give a certain impression. She seems nice. So sense 1. Note example "This appears to be a very difficult problem" includes infinitive complement. "It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" similar: it gives certain impression. So answer index 1.

Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blasphemous
Target surface form: blasphemous
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "blasphemous" in the given context. I need to choose between two candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
The sentence says "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them."

Here, "blasphemous" is used metaphorically to describe the act of challenging strongly held, cherished metaphysical beliefs. It suggests that challenging these beliefs is treated as being almost irreverent or disrespectful toward something sacred/taboo. This fits with sense 1: "grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred" with synonyms "profane, sacrilegious".

Sense 2 is about "characterized by profanity or cursing" - using foul language. The context doesn't involve cursing or bad language. It involves challenging deeply held beliefs.

So the best sense is sense 1.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with the correct index, so {"sense_index": 1}.

I should not include any WordNet sense key, just the JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. We need choose best synset sense for challenge in context. Let's parse context: "These beliefs so dominate ... that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." Here challenge means question/dispute beliefs. Candidate senses: 1 take exception to (synonyms dispute, gainsay) example She challenged his claims. 2 issue a challenge to. 3 ask for identification. 4 raise a formal objection in court. Clearly sense 1. Need output {"sense_index":1}. Ensure only JSON object.