[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hit
Target surface form: hits
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate <t>hits</t> higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hit%2:35:03:: | definition=cause to move by striking | examples=hit a ball
2. sense_key=hit%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=strike, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
3. sense_key=hit%2:35:00:: | definition=deal a blow to, either with the hand or with an instrument | examples=He hit her hard in the face
4. sense_key=hit%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, make, attain, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
5. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=strike | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
6. sense_key=hit%2:33:01:: | definition=hit with a missile from a weapon | synonyms=shoot, pip
7. sense_key=hit%2:40:05:: | definition=encounter by chance | synonyms=stumble | examples=I stumbled across a long-lost cousin last night in a restaurant
8. sense_key=hit%2:33:02:: | definition=gain points in a game | synonyms=score, tally, rack up | examples=The home team scored many times; He hit a home run
9. sense_key=hit%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=strike, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
10. sense_key=hit%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=strike | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
11. sense_key=hit%2:41:00:: | definition=kill intentionally and with premeditation | synonyms=murder, slay, dispatch, bump off, off, polish off | examples=The mafia boss ordered his enemies murdered
12. sense_key=hit%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=strike | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
13. sense_key=hit%2:38:07:: | definition=reach a point in time, or a certain state or level | synonyms=reach, attain | examples=The thermometer hit 100 degrees; This car can reach a speed of 140 miles per hour
14. sense_key=hit%2:35:02:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=strike | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
15. sense_key=hit%2:34:00:: | definition=consume to excess | examples=hit the bottle
16. sense_key=hit%2:33:03:: | definition=hit the intended target or goal
17. sense_key=hit%2:32:12:: | definition=pay unsolicited and usually unwanted sexual attention to | examples=He tries to hit on women in bars

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation. We need infer correct sense index for "hits" in sentence: "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder". Candidate senses. Need choose best indexed sense. We need output JSON object exactly {"sense_index": 3} (whichever). We need think.

Context: "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state ( a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder )". Progressive tax rate affects higher-income states adversely. Sense 5: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely; synonyms strike; examples We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer. But also sense 9 cause to experience suddenly (Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her). Sense 5 is "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely". This fits tax rate adversely affecting states. Need decide between sense 5 and sense 9, and maybe sense 13? It's not reaching a state/level? "hits higher-income states harder" clearly affect. Sense 9 "cause to experience suddenly" includes strike, come to; examples "Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her". But tax rate hitting harder is affect adversely. WordNet sense 5 (hit%2:35:05::) has gloss "affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely". The tax rate hits higher-income states harder = afflict adversely. So likely index 5.

Need ensure mapping of indices: Candidate list numbers 1-17. sense_key=hit%2:35:05:: corresponds to number 5. Index is 5.

We must return only JSON object. No explanation. Exact format. Could include whitespace? "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So output {"sense_index": 5}.

Need maybe check example "He was stricken with cancer" vs "tax rate hits higher-income states harder". Yes sense 5. Ensure we didn't mis-index. Let's list:
1 hit%2:35:03:: cause to move by striking
2 hit%2:35:01:: hit against; come into sudden contact
3 hit%2:35:00:: deal a blow
4 hit%2:38:00:: reach a destination
5 hit%2:35:05:: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely
6 hit%2:33:01:: hit with missile from weapon
7 hit%2:40:05:: encounter by chance
8 hit%2:33:02:: gain points in game
9 hit%2:39:00:: cause to experience suddenly
10 hit%2:33:00:: strategic assault
11 hit%2:41:00:: kill
12 hit%2:38:02:: drive something violently into location
13 hit%2:38:07:: reach a point/time/state/level
14 hit%2:35:02:: produce by manipulating keys/strings
15 hit%2:34:00:: consume to excess
16 hit%2:33:03:: hit intended target
17 hit%2:32:12:: hit on women.

Index 5 is best. Return only JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: high
Target surface form: higher
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits <t>higher</t> - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=high%3:00:02:: | definition=greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount | examples=a high temperature; a high price
2. sense_key=high%3:00:01:: | definition=(literal meaning) being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation or upward extension (sometimes used in combinations like `knee-high') | examples=a high mountain; high ceilings
3. sense_key=high%5:00:00:superior:01 | definition=standing above others in quality or position | synonyms=eminent | examples=people in high places; the high priest
4. sense_key=high%3:00:03:: | definition=used of sounds and voices; high in pitch or frequency | synonyms=high-pitched
5. sense_key=high%5:00:00:elated:00 | definition=happy and excited and energetic | synonyms=in high spirits
6. sense_key=high%5:00:00:malodorous:00 | definition=(used of the smell of meat) smelling spoiled or tainted | synonyms=gamey, gamy
7. sense_key=high%5:00:00:intoxicated:00 | definition=slightly and pleasantly intoxicated from alcohol or a drug (especially marijuana) | synonyms=mellow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "higher" in phrase "higher-income states". Context: progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder. It describes income: greater than normal in degree/intensity/amount. Candidate 1: greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount. That fits "higher income". Candidate 2 literal elevation; no. Candidate 3 superior/position; no. Candidate 4 sounds; no. 5 elated; no. 6 smell; no. 7 intoxicated; no. So sense_index 1. Output JSON only.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need determine best sense for target lemma state, surface form states, in context. Need output JSON {"sense_index": <int>}. Need analyze context: political science text: "the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state ... higher-income states harder". Here "states" refers to constituent administrative districts of a nation (U.S. states) = sense 1. Candidate sense 1 definition = the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; synonyms=province; examples his state is in the deep south. Yes. Other senses: nation/country (7,4) no; government (3) no; state of matter (5) no. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure JSON only.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "put" with the surface form "Put" in the given context. I need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
The sentence is: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

"Put more simply" is a common phrase meaning "stated more simply" or "expressed more simply." This is about formulating or expressing something in a particular way.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. put%2:35:00:: - put into a certain place or abstract location (set, place, pose, position, lay)
2. put%2:35:05:: - cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation
3. put%2:32:00:: - formulate in a particular style or language (frame, redact, cast, couch); examples: "I wouldn't put it that way"; "She cast her request in very polite language"
4. put%2:34:00:: - attribute or give (assign)
5. put%2:40:00:: - make an investment (invest, commit, place)
6. put%2:31:13:: - estimate (place, set)
7. put%2:39:13:: - cause (someone) to undergo something
8. put%2:36:13:: - adapt (put these words to music)
9. put%2:31:00:: - arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events

"Put more simply" clearly matches sense 3: "formulate in a particular style or language." The phrase means to express something in simpler language. The example "I wouldn't put it that way" is very similar to "Put more simply."

So the answer should be sense index 3.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The task is to choose the single best WordNet sense for "candidates" as used in the context.

Context: GOP candidates for president and Republican candidates for the Senate; comparing popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election.

This usage clearly refers to politicians running for public office. They are nominees/campaigners for president and Senate.

Sense 1: candidate%1:18:01:: definition: a politician who is running for public office. synonyms: campaigner, nominee.
Sense 2: candidate%1:18:00:: definition: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.). synonyms: prospect.

Given the context (president, Senate, voters, elections), sense 1 is more specific and appropriate. The candidates are politicians running for public office.

So sense index: 1.

Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}.

No hedge.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer only JSON object with sense_index. The user asks: Target lemma president, context about political candidates, GOP candidates for president vs Senate, federal level. Candidate senses include:
1. executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. US head of state (person)
3. chief executive of a republic
4. officer who presides at meetings
5. head administrative officer of college
6. the office of the United States head of state

Target word "president" in phrase "GP candidates for president". That refers to office of US President or head of state. Need choose best indexed sense. Candidates 2 and 6 are both US related; 2 is the person who holds the office (president as person), 6 is the office itself. Context: "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", "GOP candidates for president". A candidate for president is a person seeking the office (US President) and in elections. In WordNet, sense 2 includes "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government". But candidates for president are candidates to hold that office, i.e., they would be a President if elected. The surface noun "president" in "candidates for president" often refers to the office/position, not a current holder. Candidate for president = candidate to be president (person). Need decide between sense 2 and 3 or 6.

Let's parse all definitions:
1. president an executive officer of a firm or corporation (business)
2. the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government (US President person)
3. the chief executive of a republic (general)
4. presiding officer of an organization (meeting)
5. college/university president
6. the office of the United States head of state

Target text: "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates" and "GOP candidates for president" at federal level. "president" lowercase? target surface form is president. The phrase "candidates for president" refers to the U.S. presidency (the office). However in WordNet, there is a separate sense for the office (6). Since "candidates for president" means candidate for the office of President of United States. "the person who holds the office" sense is for someone currently holding the office, not candidates. But in wordnet examples: sense2 example "the President likes to jog every morning" definitely current. Sense6 example "a President is elected every four years" uses office. "Candidate for president" could be candidate for that office; sense6 might be best.

But in typical WSD, the target is the word "president", not "President". In text it is lowercase. We need choose single best indexed sense. Since context: "popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election", "GOP candidates for president". It's about U.S. federal elections. So sense 6 "the office of the United States head of state" seems to fit "candidates for president". But maybe the distinction between the person (2) and the office (6) is subtle. In "GOP candidates for president", "president" is the office they run for. If the text had "the President signed the bill" sense 2. Here it's "candidates for president" = the office. So sense 6 likely.

Need return JSON only {"sense_index": 6}. Check that candidate sense list uses 1-6 with 6 being office. Yes.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD task. Need choose single best indexed sense among two. Target lemma look_on, surface looked on. Context: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe." This is similar to "looked on more kindly" meaning regarded/esteemed more kindly. Not observe. So sense 2. Need JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense index. Target "Republican" in context. Sentence: "Republican candidates for the Senate" - belongs to Republican Party. Sense 1. Also GOP earlier. So sense 1. Need only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target 'candidates' in context. We have two senses: 1 politician running for public office; 2 someone considered for something (office/prize/honor). Context: compares popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting Senate election; GOP candidates for president vs Republican candidates for the Senate. These are politicians running for public office. 'presidential candidates', 'senatorial candidates', 'candidates for the Senate'. Sense 1 candidate as politician running for public office fits. Sense 2 is broader could include considered; but exact is 1. Need output only JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no additional text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "severe" in a specific context. Let me analyze this carefully.

The context: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

This is a metaphorical extension. The literal meaning refers to a prisoner's sentence being "severe." What does "severe" mean when describing a prison sentence/sentence?

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality - e.g., severe pain, severe case of flu
2. very strong or vigorous - e.g., strong winds
3. severely simple - e.g., stark interior
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment - e.g., a parent severe to the pitch of hostility
5. causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm - e.g., dangerous operation, grave situation
6. very bad in degree or extent - e.g., severe worldwide depression, severe damage

When we talk about a "severe sentence" for a prisoner, we mean a harsh punishment - like a long prison term. The relevant meanings would be:

- Sense 4: unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment - this fits because a severe sentence is harsh, strict, unsparing in punishment
- Sense 1: intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant - could fit too, a severe sentence is bad
- Sense 6: very bad in degree or extent - could also fit

The key is "prisoner's sentence". In WordNet, the typical collocation for a severe sentence would map to sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A judge who gives a severe sentence is being strict, harsh, unsparing in judgment.

Actually, let me reconsider. WordNet sense 4 examples: "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien" - this is about a person's manner/character being strict.

Sense 1: severe pain, severe case of flu - about intensity of negative experience
Sense 6: severe depression, severe damage - about extent/degree of badness

A "severe sentence" is typically more about punishment being harsh or severe in the sense of strict/harsh judgment. But WordNet might categorize this under "very bad in degree or extent" (sense 6).

Actually, looking at standard WSD annotations for "severe" with "sentence", the typical mapping would be sense 6 "very bad in degree or extent" since a severe sentence is a very bad/extreme sentence. But wait, WordNet has more specific senses.

Let me think about how WordNet categorizes these. The phrase "severe sentence" shares characteristics with:
- severe pain (sense 1): intense unpleasantness
- severe damage (sense 6): extensive badness

Between 1 and 6, WordNet distinguishes:
- 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" - more about subjective experience, physical sensations
- 6: "very bad in degree or extent" - more about objective damage/extent

For "sentence" as an abstract noun (a severe sentence), sense 6 seems most appropriate: very bad in extent/degree. However, "harsh sentence" could also relate to sense 4 "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment."

Actually, WordNet's sense 4 examples: "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien" - these are about a person's demeanor or behavior. A "severe sentence" isn't a person, but it comes from judgment.

I think the most likely correct WordNet sense for "severe sentence" is:
- Sense 6: very bad in degree or extent

Unless the sentence specifically means the judge was severe (sense 4). "the prisoner's sentence is more severe" - the sentence itself is severe.

But we also need to consider the metaphorical use. The text says "when the prisoner's sentence is more severe" but it's making an analogy about GOP candidates and tax burden - the actual point is about criminal justice / sentencing. So the literal meaning is "harsh prison sentence."

I think sense 6 "very bad in degree or extent" is the best fit. But let me reconsider sense 1. "Severe pain" is intense physical discomfort; "severe case of flu" is intense illness. "Severe sentence" could be "intensely bad punishment."

WordNet distinguishes: sense 1 has synonyms "terrible, wicked"; sense 6 has no listed synonyms but "very bad in degree or extent." Hmm, "terrible" could describe both, "wicked" more colloquial.

The example for sense 6: "a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage" - these are about damage/extent of bad conditions. A severe sentence similarly causes damage/harm of great extent.

I think the answer is 6.

Wait, but let me check if there's a more standard answer. "Severe sentence" could be annotated under WordNet 3.0 as:

severe%5:00:01:bad:00 - "very bad in degree or extent"
This is the most common sense for abstract things like policy, damage, depression.

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet adj.all ordering and definitions:

sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 - sense 1: intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality
sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 - sense 2: very strong or vigorous
sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 - sense 3: severely simple
sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 - sense 4: unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment
sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 - sense 5: causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm
sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 - sense 6: very bad in degree or extent

For "prisoner's sentence", I think the intended sense is 4 "unsparing and uncompromising" because a sentence in a legal context relates to judgment and punishment. The sentence can be "severe" meaning the judge/punishment is unsparing.

But wait, "sentence" here is the consequence, not the person judging. The sentence (the punishment) is severe in that it is harsh/extensive. WordNet sense 6 captures "very bad in degree or extent" which is very general for things like sentences.

I think for a strict semantic analysis, the sentence (the punishment) being "very bad in degree or extent" → sense 6.

However, I recall that in WordNet, "severe" in the context of punishment/penalty/sentence is often mapped to sense 4. Let me think... The gloss "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" with examples about a severe parent - this is a person being severe. A sentence is severe because the judgment was unsparing.

Hmm. I'm torn. Let me think about context more. The broader context is about politics, tax burden, and comparing GOP candidates. The phrase "prisoner's sentence is more severe" is literal within its own clause, describing criminal justice conditions. It says voters look more kindly on GOP presidential candidates vs Senate candidates when sentences are more severe. This likely refers to punitive sentencing policies.

I think the best WordNet sense is 6: "very bad in degree or extent." A "severe sentence" is a punishment that is very bad in extent (long, harsh).

Alternatively, sense 4 would be if we interpret as "the judge was unsparing," but the subject is "sentence," not the judge.

I'll go with 6.

Wait, I want to reconsider once more. WordNet sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" - synonyms terrible, wicked. A severe sentence is intensely/extremely bad. This could also fit.

The difference between 1 and 6 is subtle. Sense 1 emphasizes "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" - the experience/quality itself is intensely bad. Sense 6 emphasizes "very bad in degree or extent" - the quantity/extent of badness.

For a "sentence", we care about extent/duration/harshness, so 6. For "pain", it's about intensity of experience, so 1.

Actually, dictionary definitions of "severe":
- (of punishment) very great; harsh
- (of something bad or undesirable) intense

The "punishment" definition is closer to sense 4 (harsh, unsparing) or sense 6 (very bad in degree). WordNet doesn't have a dedicated "harsh punishment" sense; it uses sense 4 for "unsparing in judgment/discipline."

I think the literal "severe sentence" where sentence = punishment could map to sense 4 via "discipline" (punishment) being unsparing, or to sense 6 via "very bad in extent."

Given WordNet examples and conventions, I think sense 4 is the most precise because the semantic domain is "judgment/discipline/punishment." A severe sentence is an unsparing, uncompromising sentence.

But "sentence" as the object of severity... hmm.

Let me look at it from a different angle. The target word modifies "sentence." What quality of the sentence? Harshness, severity, extent. The metaphor is: just as a harsher prison sentence makes prisoners suffer more, a heavier tax burden makes states feel more pain, making them turn more against Senate candidates than presidential candidates (or so the argument goes).

For the answer, I think sense 6 is safer as "very bad in degree or extent" because it directly describes the sentence (punishment) being very bad/extensive.

Actually, I want to reconsider sense 4 one more time. The gloss "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" can describe either the agent (judge, parent) or the action/product of discipline/judgment (sentence, punishment). A "severe sentence" is arguably the product of severe judgment.

But WordNet examples for sense 4 are about people: "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility", "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien." So sense 4 is primarily about persons/appearance. The phrase "severe sentence" doesn't fit these examples well.

Sense 6 examples: "a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage" - about conditions, events, consequences. A "severe sentence" fits better here.

Therefore, I'll choose sense 6.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD. Need choose best sense index for appear/appears in sentence context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." This is like "it appears to take same pattern" = it seems to be true/probable/apparent? Let's inspect candidate senses.

Sense 1 appear%2:39:00:: definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect synonyms=look, seem examples She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem.
Sense 4 appear%2:39:01:: definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent synonyms=seem examples It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad.

Our target: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" = "seems to take". Is it sense 1 (give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect) or sense 4 (seem to be true, probable, or apparent)? Need distinguish. WordNet adjectives? appear senses.

Compare: "This appears to be a problem" sense 1 VS "It appears that the weather is very bad" sense 4. The key: sense 1 often with infinitive "appears to be/appear to take" giving impression/opinion. sense 4 often with "it appears that..." = it seems. Here "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" corresponds closely to "This appears to be a very difficult problem" i.e., sense 1. Both use subject + appears + to + verb. Sense 4 examples use expletive it + appears that. But the definition of sense 4 is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent". Could fit generally. Need pick single best.

We must use glosses and examples. Example for 1 exactly matches structure "subject appears to ..." meaning "seems to be" (impression). The target phrase "appears to take" = gives the impression of taking. Senses 1 and 4 are very close. Which is intended? Need decide index 1 or 4. Let's investigate WordNet: appear%2:39:00:: gloss: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; "She seems to be sleeping"; "This appears to be a very difficult problem"; "This project looks fishy"; "They appeared like people who had not eaten or slept for a long time"". appear%2:39:01:: gloss: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent; "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad"; "They appeared like people who had not eaten or slept for a long time". Wait examples overlap? Actually Wordnet has "appear" two senses: one "look/seem" with quality; another "seem to be true...". Many disambiguation tasks may annotate "appears" here as sense 1. Let's see.

The sentence: "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" not a fact but observation/inference. In academic prose, "appears to" is epistemic hedge, means "it seems" (sense 4) perhaps. Definition "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" fits "ticket splitting appears to take the same pattern". But the example for sense 1 "this appears to be a very difficult problem" is also epistemic. Difference between sense 1 and 4 subtle: sense 1 is copular/experiencer-oriented, giving an outward aspect; sense 4 is evidential "it appears that". In our sentence, "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" can be paraphrased "it appears that ticket splitting takes the same pattern". That is sense 4. However examples sense 1 include "This appears to be..." (subject not impersonal). WordNet lexicographers might have split by complement type: infinitival complement= sense 1; clausal complement= sense 4. Since target is infinitival "appears to take", sense 1 is likely.

We need respond JSON only like {"sense_index": 1}. Given system instructions choose single best indexed sense. Do not answer w sense key. Return only JSON object exactly.

Let's weight. The phrase pattern: S + appears + to + Infinitive. If we look WordNet examples:
Sense 1: "She seems to be sleeping"; "This appears to be a very difficult problem".
Sense 4: "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad".
This strongly indicates infinitival = 1. So index 1.

We must produce solely JSON. No explanation. Use exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma take. Need choose best indexed sense. We need analyze context.

Sentence: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Here "take" used with "pattern": ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at ... Meaning likely "assume/adopt/take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect". Candidate sense 5 take%2:30:01 definition take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect; synonyms assume, acquire, adopt; examples His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn. In this phrase "take the same peculiar pattern" means exhibit/assume the same pattern. This is sense 5.

Let's examine other candidates. Could sense 5 is "take on a certain form". Yes. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 5}. Ensure no hedging.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for "same" in sentence: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."
We need decide among four senses.
1. same in identity: same man etc. Not identity but pattern type.
2. closely similar or comparable in kind/quality/quantity/degree: "curtains the same color" etc. Pattern is same peculiar pattern at state level as federal — means identical/comparable pattern. This sense fits closely similar/comparable in kind.
3. equal in amount or value (like amounts). Not about amounts.
4. unchanged in character or nature: "village stayed the same". Not same pattern across levels.
Sense 2 likely. But check sense indexing: MW maybe same%3:00:00:: is adjective sense "closely similar or comparable..." and same%3:00:02:: "same in identity". Yes.
Answer sense_index 2.
Need output JSON only.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "level" in phrase "state government level" and "federal level". Context: ticket splitting appears to take same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. This is a level of government, a stratum/layer of organization. Candidate senses: 1 position on scale intensity/amount/quality. 2 relative position or degree of value in graded group. 3 specific identifiable position in continuum/series/process. 4 height above ground. 5 spirit level. 6 flat surface. 7 abstract place usually conceived as having depth; layer, stratum; examples: a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning. 8 floor of building.

"state government level" = level of government, an abstract stratum/layer. Sense 7 seems best: abstract place conceived as having depth; layer, stratum. Examples include communicates on several levels. Government levels (federal, state, local) are strata/levels of organization. Sense 3 is position in continuum/series/process (degree, stage, point). Could be plausible: federal level as a stage/position in series. But sense 7 specifically abstract place/layer/stratum. In WordNet, level%1:09:00:: is "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; 'a good actor communicates on several levels'; 'a simile has at least two layers of meaning'". This matches "federal level" and "state government level". Sense 3 examples: "at what stage are the social sciences?" more temporal/process. So choose 7. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 7}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need select sense index. Target word 'federal' in sentence: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse." This is parallel state vs federal level meaning national/central government of the United States as distinct from member units. Candidate 1: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units. Examples: Federal Bureau of Investigation, federal courts. Candidate 2: of or relating to the central government of a federation. More generic central government of federation. Candidate 4: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between central and regional authorities. "a federal system". Here 'at the federal level' likely means national government level, US context; state government vs federal government. Between 1 and 2. Sense 1 is specific to US distinct from member units. Sense 2 generic central government of federation. The context is US politics, states vs federal government. So 1 best. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for lemma "level" in context. Need choose single best indexed sense. Candidate senses include:
1 level%1:07:00:: position on scale of intensity/amount/quality (degree, grade)
2 level%1:26:01:: relative position or degree of value in graded group
3 level%1:26:00:: specific identifiable position in continuum or series or process
4 height above ground
5 spirit level tool
6 flat horizontal surface
7 abstract place with depth/layer/stratum
8 floor/storey in building

Context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>. State government is more typically split..."

Phrase "at the federal level" and "state government level". That is a common phrase: at the national/state level. Which sense captures "level" as a level/layer/stratum of government? "abstract place conceived as having depth; layer, stratum", e.g., a simile has at least two layers of meaning; "a good actor communicates on several levels". But government level sounds like a level as a layer/stratum. However WordNet sense 1: "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" often used in phrases "at the national level"? Let's examine glosses.

WN sense 1:07:00 noun: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality ("a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required").
WN sense 2:26:01: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group ("lumber of the highest grade").
WN sense 3:26:00 noun: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process ("a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?").
WN sense 7:1:09:00 noun: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth ("a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"); syn: layer, stratum.

"Federal level" could be a "layer/stratum" of government. But WordNet examples? "state level" not necessarily value scale. In WN, sense 7 includes "on several levels" meaning figurative layers. "At the federal level" is like "in the federal arena/stratum". However in conventional WSD annotations, "at the federal/state level" often maps to level = sense 1? Let's recall SemCor or OntoNotes. The noun "level" has senses in WordNet 3.0:
- S: (n) degree, grade, level (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality) "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree"
- S: (n) grade, level, tier (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group) "lumber of the highest grade"
- S: (n) degree, level, stage, point (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process) "a remarkable degree of frankness"
- S: (n) level (height above ground) "the water reached ankle level"
- S: (n) level, spirit level (indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid)
- S: (n) horizontal surface, level (a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line) "park the car on the level"
- S: (n) level, layer, stratum (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth) "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning"; "a good actor communicates on several levels"
- S: (n) floor, level, storey, story (a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale) "what level is the office on?"

In WSD tasks, the phrase "at the federal level" likely sense 1? Let's check sense distinctions. Sense 1 is "position on a scale of intensity, amount, quality". Is "federal level" position on a scale? Maybe like a level of government hierarchy. Sense 2 is relative position or degree of value in graded group. Sense 3: specific identifiable position in continuum/series/process. Sense 7 abstract place as depth/layer.

"Federal level" denotes a level of government as a layer/stratum. Government can be thought of as having depth (local, state, federal). It maps very well to sense 7: abstract place usually conceived as having depth; syn layer, stratum. The example "a good actor communicates on several levels" is similar to "at the federal/state level" = an abstract (level) stratum of governance.

Need choose the single best indexed sense. Avoid hedging. Return JSON "sense_index": number (the order in candidate list). Candidate list index 7 is sense_key level%1:09:00::. This seems best.

But let's thoroughly consider if sense 1 could be intended. The phrase "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." Compare federal and state levels as positions on a scale/series. It could be sense 1: "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" but "federal level" not a magnitude. Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - levels of government could be conceived as continuum/series. Sense 7: abstract place/layer. Which is most typical for "state government level" in political science?

Let's consult external knowledge: WordNet examples for sense 7 include "a good actor communicates on several levels" and "a simile has at least two layers of meaning". The gloss "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth". Candidate senses 7 synonyms layer, stratum. "Stratum" matches government level: social/political strata. "State government level" = at the state stratum. So 7.

Could there be overlap with sense 1 due to "national level" as a degree. Many WSD might mark "at the national level" as level%1:07:00? In WordNet 3.0, sense 1 includes "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". "National level" is not a scale of intensity/amount/quality, though "level" could mean a tier. However WN sense 1 examples include "a moderate grade of intelligence" and "a high level of care"; these are evaluative degrees. Government levels not evaluative degrees.

WN sense 3 examples: "degree of frankness", "stage are the social sciences". Continuum or series. Government levels could be a series: local, state, federal. But sense 3 is a specific identifiable position in a continuum or process (like a stage). "Federal level" may be a stage. But the phrase "at the federal level" could be considered a position in a process. However "level" there means a layer/stratum, not a temporal stage.

WN sense 7 is specifically "abstract place conceived as having depth". Governmental levels are abstract layers. So 7. Need return JSON exactly `{"sense_index": 7}`.

Is candidate indexing from 1 to 8? Yes, candidate list 7 is sense_key level%1:09:00. So JSON sense_index:7.

Need ensure no extra text. Final answer only JSON.