[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a <t>country</t> with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me carefully analyze the context and determine which sense of "country" is being used.

The target is "country" in the sentence:
"On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that '900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a <t>country</t> with 2 million of foreign workers,'"

The full paragraph is discussing France, immigration, economy, and policies. Jacques Chirac is quoted talking about unemployment in "a country with 2 million of foreign workers."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. country%1:14:00:: - a politically organized body of people under a single government (synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic)
   - Examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations"
   - This refers to the political entity/government.

2. country%1:15:00:: - the territory occupied by a nation (synonyms: state, land)
   - Examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"
   - This refers to the geographic territory/land of a nation.

3. country%1:14:01:: - the people who live in a nation or country (synonyms: nation, land)
   - Examples: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation"
   - This refers to the population/people.

4. country%1:15:01:: - an area outside of cities and towns (synonyms: rural area)
   - Examples: "his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country"
   - This is rural/countryside.

5. country%1:15:02:: - a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) (synonyms: area)
   - Examples: "it was a mountainous area; Bible country"
   - This is a region/area.

In the quoted sentence: "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers"

Chirac is saying that 900,000 unemployed people wouldn't be a problem in a country (France) that has 2 million foreign workers. Here "country" refers to the political entity/nation-state of France. It's about the nation as a political and social unit that contains workers and unemployed people.

Now, between sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government) and sense 2 (territory occupied by a nation) and sense 3 (the people who live in a nation).

The phrase "in a country with 2 million foreign workers" - this is talking about France as a nation-state. It could be close to either sense 1 or 2.

However, "country" when used to mean a specific nation-state like France in political/economic discourse typically maps to either sense 1 or 3.

Let me think about the earlier occurrence in the text: "the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights" - here "country" clearly refers to France as a political entity/nation.

The target occurrence: "in a country with 2 million of foreign workers" - this is talking about a nation-state having foreign workers within it. The synonyms "state, nation" align well.

Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - This is the political entity, the nation-state. The examples include "the state has elected a new president; African nations." This fits "a country with 2 million foreign workers" because it's talking about the national entity that contains these workers and unemployed people.

Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - This is more geographic. The example "he visited several European countries" is about visiting physical territories. But Chirac isn't talking about territory; he's talking about the nation as a social/political/economic unit.

Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country" - This would emphasize the population. But "a country with 2 million foreign workers" isn't referring to the people themselves as the subject; it's referring to the nation-state as a container/society.

So the best fit is sense 1: country%1:14:00:: - a politically organized body of people under a single government.

Wait, but let me reconsider. In the sentence "in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," the word "country" is referring to the nation (France). The political organization aspect (single government) is relevant because this is political discourse. But is it really about the government or about the nation?

In WordNet, sense 1 of country under noun.group (1:14:00) is typically the primary sense - the nation-state as a political entity. When we say "France is a country" or "in this country," we usually use sense 1.

Actually, let me look at the division more carefully:
- sense 1 (1:14:00): group noun - the political/social entity
- sense 2 (1:15:00): location noun - the territory
- sense 3 (1:14:01): group noun - the people

In "a country with 2 million foreign workers," Chirac means "a nation-state like France." This aligns most closely with sense 1, the political entity. It's not about the physical land (sense 2), nor about just the people (sense 3), and certainly not rural area (sense 4) or region (sense 5).

The answer should be sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worker
Target surface form: workers
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign <t>workers</t>," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worker%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who works at a specific occupation | examples=he is a good worker
2. sense_key=worker%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the working class (not necessarily employed) | synonyms=proletarian, prole | examples=workers of the world--unite!
3. sense_key=worker%1:05:01:: | definition=sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
4. sense_key=worker%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who acts and gets things done | synonyms=actor, doer | examples=he's a principal actor in this affair; when you want something done get a doer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need choose sense. We must reason: target lemma worker surface workers. Context: immigration, foreign workers, 2 million foreign workers, occupation, unemployment context. Candidates: 1 person who works at a specific occupation. 2 member of working class (proletarian) with example workers of world unite. 3 insect. 4 person who acts/gets things done (doer). In context "foreign workers" as immigrants working in specific occupations? Jacques Chirac 1976: "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers". This refers foreign labor force/people working at occupations. Sense 1 seems best: a person who works at a specific occupation. Sense 2 could be class/political term but context is not about class struggle. It is economic viewpoint: foreign workers as employees. So answer index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the <t>Left</t> by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer single JSON like {"sense_index": 2} because context uses "the Left" as political grouping; synonyms left wing. Need only JSON. Ensure no extra.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: france
Target surface form: France
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that <t>France</t> "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=france%1:15:00:: | definition=a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe | synonyms=French Republic
2. sense_key=france%1:18:00:: | definition=French writer of sophisticated novels and short stories (1844-1924) | synonyms=Anatole France, Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "France" in the given context. I need to choose between two senses:

1. France as the country/republic in western Europe (synonym: French Republic)
2. France as Anatole France, the French writer (synonyms: Anatole France, Jacques Anatole Francois Thibault)

The target surface form is "France" and the lemma is "france".

Looking at the context: "Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that <t>France</t> 'can not accommodate all the world's misery.'"

This is clearly referring to the country France, not the writer Anatole France. Michel Rocard was a French politician, and he is talking about France (the country) not being able to accommodate all the world's misery. This is a famous quote about immigration policy in France.

So the best sense is sense 1: a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe.

The answer should be in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

I should not include any explanation, just the JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: misery
Target surface form: misery
Context:
Is immigration a burden or an opportunity for the economy? Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's <t>misery</t>." The only difference, the degree of generosity

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=misery%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune | synonyms=wretchedness, miserableness | examples=the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable
2. sense_key=misery%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of intense unhappiness | examples=she was exhausted by her misery and grief

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "misery" in the given context. I need to choose between two senses.

Let me analyze the context: The sentence is "France 'can not accommodate all the world's <t>misery</t>.'" This is a translated quote from Michel Rocard about immigration. The phrase "all the world's misery" is a idiomatic expression in French "toute la misère du monde" referring to all the poor, suffering people in the world - those who are afflicted or in a state of ill-being due to misfortune.

Now let's look at the two senses:

1. misery%1:26:00:: - "a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune" with synonyms wretchedness, miserableness. Example: "the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable"

2. misery%1:12:00:: - "a feeling of intense unhappiness" with example "she was exhausted by her misery and grief"

The phrase "all the world's misery" refers to the collective suffering/ill-being of people, particularly the poor and afflicted. It's about a state of ill-being (condition) rather than a feeling (emotion). The reference is to people living in misery/poverty, not to an internal emotional state.

In French, "la misère" can mean poverty/destitution, which aligns better with sense 1 (state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune). The translation "misery" here captures this meaning - the miserable condition of the world's poor and suffering people.

Sense 2 would be more about an individual's feeling of intense unhappiness, like someone grieving. That doesn't fit the collective, socio-economic connotation of "all the world's misery" in this political/immigration context.

The example for sense 1 mentions slums, which has social/economic connotations similar to the immigration context. This supports sense 1.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.

The user wants output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only <t>difference</t>, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON object only. Need pick best sense for target word difference in given context. Let's analyze context. The sentence: "The only <t>difference</t>, the degree of generosity". It discusses immigration policy consensus between Left and Right; only difference is degree of generosity. This is like the quality of being unlike/dissimilar: difference meaning one thing that distinguishes them. Example "there are many differences between jazz and rock". They are saying the only thing in which they differ is the degree of generosity. Sense 1: the quality of being unlike or dissimilar. Sense 3: disagreement/argument; not correct. Sense 4: significant change; not a change in her/his support. Sense 5: number from subtraction. Sense 2: variation/departure from standard; maybe deviation/divergence, but here difference between Left and Right positions, not a deviation from standard. Sense 1 best. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Must only JSON object exactly like. No explanation. Ensure no markdown code block? User says return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So output exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the <t>degree</t> of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need solve. Need produce JSON {"sense_index": INT}. Context: "The only difference, the <t>degree</t> of generosity". Need choose best indexed sense among 7 candidates for lemma degree. Candidate 1: position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Definition synonyms grade, level. Candidate 2: specific identifiable position in a continuum/series/process. Candidate 7: seriousness. Let's inspect usage: "the degree of generosity". Means extent/level/amount of generosity. That aligns with sense 1 or 2. WordNet sense degree%1:07:00 is likely "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" with actual examples "a moderate degree of freedom"? Let's recall WordNet noun degree senses. degree noun: 1) a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (synset 05032098? actually degree%1:07:00). 2) specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (degree%1:26:01). 3) academic degree. 5) highest power of term. etc. Phrase "degree of generosity" a measure on scale. Candidate 1 examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required". This refers to amount/quality. Candidate 2 examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?" Wait candidate 2 includes "a remarkable degree of frankness", which would map to candidate 2? In WordNet actual examples, "a remarkable degree of frankness" is under sense 2. Hmm. Let's verify. WordNet noun degree:
Sense 1 (attribute): position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; examples: "a moderate degree of fellowness"; "the highest level of offenseness"; Wait actual:
Sense 1: (n) degree, grade, level (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality) "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree"
Sense 2: (n) degree, level, stage, point (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process) "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "first of its kind" etc.
But in actual WordNet, "degree of frankness" is sense 2? That seems inconsistent. Let's recall exact WordNet data:
degree (n)
Sense 1: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate degree of fellowness"; "the highest level of offenseness"; "it is all a matter of degree"
Sense 2: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"
This is actual? Yes. So candidate's examples reflect roughly. The phrase "degree of generosity" uses degree as extent/amount. Could be sense 1 or 2.
Need choose single best indexed sense. Let's examine subtle distinctions. Sense 1: position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. A "degree of generosity" = measure of generosity on scale. Synonyms grade, level. Sense 2: specific identifiable position in a continuum or series, especially in a process; synonyms level, stage, point. The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" appears under sense 2 in WordNet. However "degree of generosity" in this context: "The only difference, the degree of generosity" indicates the difference is in the level/amount of generosity. This is a position on a scale of intensity or amount. Which sense is more apt? Some might argue sense 2 because actual WordNet has "degree of frankness" in sense 2. But here there is no continuum of a process, just amount. We need choose based on definitions/synonyms/examples. Candidate 1's definition: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" synonyms grade, level; examples include "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required". Candidate 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"; synonyms level, stage, point; examples "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?". The target phrase "degree of generosity" is an amount/extent. In common sense, "degree of generosity" is sense 1. Let's check actual WordNet mapping of "degree of generosity"? Not sure. But characterized by "amount or quality". Sense 2 emphasizes identifiable position in a process, not just amount. Thus likely answer is sense 1.
Need return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. No extra text. User wants JSON only. Ensure no markdown. We should output raw JSON.
Double-check instructions: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So final: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
Immigration policy under Nicolas Sarkozy was criticised from various aspects a congestion of police, legal and administrative services subjected to a policy of numbers and the compatibility of that policy with the self-proclaimed status of the country as the country of French human rights. More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of <t>generosity</t> In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense. Context phrase: "The only difference, the degree of generosity" in French immigration policy debate between left and right. Generosity here is a trait/attitude of willingness to be open/accept migrants, not necessarily giving money/time but degree of liberality. Candidate 1 trait of being willing to give your money or time; candidate 2 acting generously. The noun "generosity" in policy discourse refers to an attribute/quality (degree of generosity) of the policy/country. Synonyms: generousness fits trait. Acting generously (1:04) is act noun, but context "degree of generosity" means quality/attribute. Sense 1. Need answer JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fear
Target surface form: fear
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the <t>fear</t> of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fear%1:12:00:: | definition=an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight) | synonyms=fearfulness, fright
2. sense_key=fear%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=concern, care | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=fear%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of profound respect for someone or something | synonyms=reverence, awe, veneration | examples=the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fear" in a specific context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the three candidates provided.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The sentence is: "In 2005, the <t>fear</t> of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

This is referring to a political/economic concern about Polish plumbers (a reference to EU expansion and immigration) potentially invading France. This "fear" was shared by both left-wing and right-wing political sides.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. fear%1:12:00:: - "an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)" - synonyms: fearfulness, fright

2. fear%1:12:01:: - "an anxious feeling" - synonyms: concern, care - examples: "care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction"

3. fear%1:12:02:: - "a feeling of profound respect for someone or something" - synonyms: reverence, awe, veneration - examples: "the fear of God; the Chinese reverence for the dead"

In the context, the "fear of invasion" by Polish plumbers is more of a political concern/anxiety rather than a primal fear of pain/danger. It's about worry or anxious concern regarding economic/social consequences of immigration. This aligns most closely with sense 2, which has synonyms "concern, care" and refers to "an anxious feeling."

Sense 1 would be more like actual fright or terror - being scared for personal safety. While "invasion" might evoke strong language, the context suggests political anxiety about economic impact rather than literal terror.

Sense 3 is clearly about reverence/respect, which doesn't fit at all.

The example for sense 2 includes "out of fear of public reaction" which is somewhat similar in register to "fear of invasion" - both concern social/political reactions rather than personal danger.

Therefore, the best answer is sense_index: 2.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: invasion
Target surface form: invasion
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of <t>invasion</t> of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=invasion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
2. sense_key=invasion%1:11:00:: | definition=any entry into an area not previously occupied | synonyms=encroachment, intrusion | examples=an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts
3. sense_key=invasion%1:11:01:: | definition=(pathology) the spread of pathogenic microorganisms or malignant cells to new sites in the body | examples=the tumor's invasion of surrounding structures

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user asks me to choose the best WordNet sense for "invasion" in context. Let me analyze the context.

The sentence is: "In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right."

This is clearly metaphorical - referring to large numbers of Polish plumbers coming into France (immigration). It's not a military conquest. The phrase "hordes of Polish plumbers" is hyperbolic/metaphorical, invoking the idea of an invading army. But the actual meaning is about entry of people into an area not previously occupied by them.

Candidate sense 1: military invasion - the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder
Candidate sense 2: any entry into an area not previously occupied | examples include "an invasion of tourists" - this fits the immigration context
Candidate sense 3: pathology - spread of disease - clearly doesn't fit

The context is about immigration, foreign workers, Polish plumbers entering France. This matches sense 2: "any entry into an area not previously occupied" with examples like "an invasion of tourists; an invasion of locusts". The "invasion of Polish plumbers" is analogous to "invasion of tourists" - a large influx of people into an area.

So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: territory
Target surface form: territory
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national <t>territory</t> by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=territory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region marked off for administrative or other purposes | synonyms=district, territorial dominion, dominion
2. sense_key=territory%1:09:00:: | definition=an area of knowledge or interest | examples=his questions covered a lot of territory
3. sense_key=territory%1:15:01:: | definition=the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state | synonyms=soil | examples=American troops were stationed on Japanese soil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense index. Analyze: target lemma territory, surface territory. Context: "fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers". National territory means geographical area under jurisdiction of a sovereign state, synonyms soil. Candidate 3. Candidate 1 region marked off for administrative purposes (district) less sovereign. Candidate 2 figurative area of knowledge. Best is sense 3. Return {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: horde
Target surface form: hordes
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by <t>hordes</t> of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=horde%1:14:00:: | definition=a vast multitude | synonyms=host, legion
2. sense_key=horde%1:14:02:: | definition=a nomadic community
3. sense_key=horde%1:14:01:: | definition=a moving crowd | synonyms=drove, swarm

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for "hordes" in context: invasion ... by hordes of Polish plumbers. Target plural. Candidate senses: 1 vast multitude (host, legion), 2 nomadic community, 3 moving crowd (drove, swarm). Need single best indexed sense. The phrase "hordes of Polish plumbers" means large numbers of people arriving in vast multitude, not necessarily moving crowd? "fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers" evokes a vast swarm of immigrants. In WordNet, sense 3 is moving crowd/drove/swarm. Sense 1 is vast multitude/host/legion. Which is better? "hordes of" idiomatic large numbers. Here with "invasion" maybe moving crowd. Need think.

WordNet horde:
1. (n) horde, host, legion -- a vast multitude
2. (n) horde -- a nomadic community
3. (n) drove, horde, swarm -- a moving crowd

The phrase "a moving crowd" can include "hordes of shoppers." Here Polish plumbers are not necessarily nomadic community. The context "invasion of national territory" suggests movement. However "hordes of Polish plumbers" was a political cliché about mass influx of workers, large numbers moving/coming. Sense 3 with synonyms drove/swarm and moving crowd likely applies. But does "hordes" refer to a crowd or a multitude? The word "horde" historically may refer to a large group, but "a moving crowd" specifically.

Let's inspect WordNet examples maybe: I know "horde" sense 3 example: "a swarm of people obscured the entrance"; "drove" not used often. Sense 1 example: "a host of children"; "legions of viewers". The phrase "hordes of" often sense 1? Let's check standard: "hordes of tourists" => large numbers of people, moving crowd? In dictionaries, "horde" can mean a large group, especially of people. WordNet splits: 1 large group (host, legion), 3 moving crowd (drove, swarm). The phrase "hordes of" in the context of invasion: "hordes" are moving. So index 3.

But we need parse task: choose best indexed sense. Return JSON {"sense_index":3}. Ensure no extra. The system says return only JSON. Good.

Wait, maybe sense 1 is more appropriate because "hordes of Polish plumbers" not describing a physical moving crowd but vast number, synonymous with "legions". Let's weigh.

The full phrase: "the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers" - they are imagined as a vast number; the invasion is by multitudes. But "invasion" suggests movement. WordNet gloss 3 includes "a moving crowd". This is used with "swarm," "drove," e.g., "hordes of protesters". Political phrase "Polish plumbers" from EU services directive concerned mass influx of cheap workers. Invasion by hordes aligns with "moving crowd" rather than "vast multitude" because the crowd is moving? However, "vast multitude" can also move.

We should examine possible distinctions: WordNet sense 1 probably uncountable "a vast multitude"; sense 3 "a moving crowd" particularly a group in motion, collective noun. The target is plural "hordes". If used as "hordes of X" it attaches to countable items and means many, like "several hordes". In WordNet, sense 1 may assign to "hordes of X" as a noun? Let's recall actual WordNet indexing for "horde" maybe examples:

Sense 1: "horde" = "a vast multitude" (host, legion). Example sentence? I can approximate: "a horde of people gathered" maybe sense 1. Sense 3: "drove, horde, swarm" = "a moving crowd" (maybe example "hordes of fans stormed the field").

Semcor or senseval? The phrase "hordes of" appears maybe sense 1? Let's search memory: I recall in WSD data, "hordes" in "hordes of steelworkers" maybe labeled as sense 1? Hmm.

The prompt says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." There's no examples provided, only definitions and synonyms. We need rely.

Could be tricky: "hordes of Polish plumbers" are not a "moving crowd" in a literal, physical sense; they are workers migrating into the country. "Nomadic community" is sense 2, not applicable. So choose between 1 and 3.

The phrase "invasion" might prompt "swarm" (like locusts) — moving crowd. Synonyms for sense 3: drove, swarm; sense 1: host, legion. "Legion" is used for large number of people; "swarm" for moving crowd. "Hordes of Polish plumbers" collocates with "invasion" which is a military/crowd movement, so 3.

Let's ensure: The definition of horde sense 3: "a moving crowd". A crowd is a large number, moving. Is a plumber migration a crowd? In the metaphor, yes. The "fear of invasion" uses war metaphor: hordes (from barbarian hordes) invading territory. Historically "horde" from Mongol horde: not sense 2 (a nomadic community) but sense 3? Actually historical "Golden Horde" is a nomadic community (sense 2). But here "hordes of Polish plumbers" in French debate references masses, not nomads. Invasion by hordes evokes "barbarian hordes" (moving crowd). So sense 3.

Need answer JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: left
Target surface form: Left
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the <t>Left</t> and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=left%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east | examples=she stood on the left
2. sense_key=left%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare | synonyms=left wing
3. sense_key=left%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the left side of the body | synonyms=left hand | examples=jab with your left
4. sense_key=left%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's left | synonyms=left field | examples=the batter flied out to left
5. sense_key=left%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the north when the person is facing east | examples=take a left at the corner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": N}. Need decide best sense for "Left" in context. The text: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right... on the Left by Michel Rocard..." Clearly political Left. Candidate sense 2: those who support varying degrees of social or political or economic change designed to promote the public welfare; synonyms left wing. So index 2. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
More recently, it is administrative harassment of foreign students, which is topical, with the minister of the interior ("Libération" on 23 May) declaring that France "does not need foreign talent, bricklayers and waiters." But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the <t>Right</t>. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%1:07:00:: | definition=an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature; ; - Eleanor Roosevelt | examples=they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights; Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people
2. sense_key=right%1:15:00:: | definition=location near or direction toward the right side; i.e. the side to the south when a person or object faces east | examples=he stood on the right
3. sense_key=right%1:06:00:: | definition=the piece of ground in the outfield on the catcher's right | synonyms=right field
4. sense_key=right%1:14:00:: | definition=those who support political or social or economic conservatism; those who believe that things are better left unchanged | synonyms=right wing
5. sense_key=right%1:08:00:: | definition=the hand that is on the right side of the body | synonyms=right hand | examples=he writes with his right hand but pitches with his left; hit him with quick rights to the body
6. sense_key=right%1:04:00:: | definition=a turn toward the side of the body that is on the south when the person is facing east | examples=take a right at the corner
7. sense_key=right%1:07:01:: | definition=anything in accord with principles of justice | synonyms=rightfulness | examples=he feels he is in the right; the rightfulness of his claim
8. sense_key=right%1:21:00:: | definition=(frequently plural) the interest possessed by law or custom in some intangible thing | examples=mineral rights; film rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object sense_index. Need choose best sense for "Right" in context. Context: political Left and Right. Candidate sense 4: those who support political or social or economic conservatism; right wing. The sentence: "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject." and later "on the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac" and "on the Left and on the Right". So sense 4. Need output only JSON exactly {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need output JSON {"sense_index": ?} for target "sides" in context. We must select best sense from candidate senses list. Let's analyze.

Context: Left and Right political sides. "Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden..." This refers to two contesting/opposing groups (Left and Right) in argument/dispute. Candidate senses:
1. region location - no.
2. one of two or more contesting groups - example Confederate side. Political groups contesting? Could fit.
3. body half - no.
4. outside surface - no.
5. extended outer surface - no.
6. aspect of something - maybe "both sides" could mean aspects, but context is groups.
7. line segment - no.
8. family line - no.
9. meat - no.
10. an opinion held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute - synonyms position. "Both sides" can refer to opinions/positions. In this sentence, both sides (the Left and the Right) see immigrants as a burden. Are "Left" and "Right" contesting groups (sense 2) or opinions/positions (sense 10)? Need disambiguate.

WordNet side%1:14:00 definition: one of two or more contesting groups. Examples: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack". This is a group, team, faction.
side%1:10:00 definition: an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute; synonyms position. Examples: "there are two sides to every question".

Context says "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject." On the Right, tone was set by Chirac; on the Left by Rocard. "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..." Here Left and Right are political groups/factions, not merely opinions. However, target plural "sides" can be used for groups in a dispute/contest. Political "sides" commonly means factions or groups. But sense 10 "opinion/position" may also apply: "both sides of the argument" can mean positions. Yet the context explicitly names political actors from the Right and Left; they are groups. Also sentence "Both sides see immigrants as a burden" - groups see. Sense 2 one of two or more contesting groups likely best.

Let's compare examples. Sense 2 example: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" - a group in conflict. Sense 10 example: "there are two sides to every question" - positions/opinions. The passage says "the Left and the Right" as sides; these are groups, not questions. Also "both sides" in political debate often mapped to sense 2? In WordNet maybe "side" as "one of two or more contesting groups" includes "the liberal side"? Maybe. The phrase "Both sides" referring to Left and Right. I think sense 2. Need return index as in candidate list. The candidate senses list numbering 1-12. We return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON object.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need do WSD for target word burden surface burden. Need choose among four senses. Context: immigrants as a burden on the French economy and society. That means onerous/difficult concern/load/encumbrance. Phrase "burden on the French economy" = heavy load or onerous concern. Sense 1: an onerous or difficult concern; synonyms load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus; examples burden of responsibility. Sense 2: weight to be borne or conveyed; synonyms load, loading. Sense 4: central idea. Sense 3: central meaning of speech. For describing immigrants as burden on economy/society, sense 1 fits best: "burden" as encumbrance/onus. Sense 2 is physical payload, loading. "burden on the economy" idiomatic onerous concern. Therefore index 1. Return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer single JSON object sense_index. Need choose among 4. Target 'economy' in 'burden on the French economy and on French society.' It means economic system of France: production/distribution/consumption. So sense 1. Need ensure no extra explanation. Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer a WSD problem. Need choose best indexed sense for "society" in context. Let's understand context. "a burden on the French economy and on French society." Here society means the broader social group / community of France, an an extended social group having distinctive cultural and economic organization. Thus sense 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "difference" in context. Need parse. The context says: consensus between Left and Right; only difference, the degree of generosity. "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity". This means the only point of dissimilarity / distinction is degree of generosity. Candidate senses: 1 = quality of being unlike or dissimilar; 2 = deviation; 3 = dispute/argument; 4 = significant change; 5 = remainder math. Best is sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON, no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": N}. We need choose single best indexed sense for 'degree' in context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity". Here degree means extent/amount/intensity level. Candidate senses: 1 position on scale of intensity or amount or quality; 2 specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or process. Synonyms examples: a remarkable degree of frankness. That matches. But also sense 1 moderate grade of intelligence, high level. The phrase "degree of generosity" = amount/intensity of generosity. Which sense is best? WordNet sense 1: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality (syn grade, level). Sense 2: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process (syn level, stage, point). The gloss for 2 includes "a remarkable degree of frankness" example. The target phrase "degree of generosity" is similar to "degree of frankness". It is an extent, level. Could be sense 2. But "degree of generosity" is more about intensity/amount rather than identifiable position in a series? Let's think.

In WordNet, degree has senses:
degree%1:07:00:: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "it is all a matter of degree"; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree"
degree%1:26:01:: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "first is the lowest degree of playable card"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"

"degree of generosity" in given context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants." Means the extent or amount of generosity. That aligns with sense 1 (intensity/amount/quality). However, the example of sense 2 uses "a remarkable degree of frankness". Frankness is a quality, similar to generosity? Hmm.

Need to choose single best indexed sense. Need not hedge. Let's evaluate. Both senses are close. The phrase "degree of X" where X is an abstract quality can be sense 2. But the difference in degree of generosity means how generous, an amount/intensity. The definition of sense 1 includes "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" with synonyms grade, level. Definition 2 includes "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" with synonyms level, stage, point. "Generosity" as a quality: degree of generosity is a level/grade on a scale of amount/intensity, likely sense 1.

Let's see typical WordNet mapping for "degree" in "degree of confidence", "degree of certainty". Many are sense 1? I can recall WordNet examples: degree%1:07:00:: has "a moderate degree of intelligence"? Actually example "it is all a matter of degree". degree%1:26:01:: has "a remarkable degree of frankness". The distinction may be: sense 2 is about specific identifiable position in a continuum/series/process, e.g., degree of adjective? Not exactly.

The target phrase is preceded by "the only difference resides in the degree of generosity". This is a difference in amount/intensity. Sense 1 is best.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON sense_index. Need choose between 1 and 2? Only two candidate senses. Need meaning in context: "the only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants." Here generosity refers to attitude/policy of being generous, willingness to give help/benefits/money? It could be trait or action. WordNet 1:07:00 trait of being willing to give money or time. 1:04:00 acting generously. In this context "degree of generosity" political sides differ in trait/quality of generosity, degree to which they are generous in granting immigrants accommodation/benefits. It is a trait/quality rather than an act. "degree of generosity" refers to the trait or quality of being generous. Likely sense 1. Synonym generousness matches trait. So index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need select best sense for target word "program" in context. Need respond with JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Let's analyze context.

Context about French politicians and François Hollande's "program". Sentence: "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." Political/electoral program. Candidate 4 definition: a document stating the aims and principles of a political party; synonyms platform, political platform, political program. Example "their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program". This matches "In his program [as a political candidate]". Good.

Sense 1 is series of steps/goals, but political program sense is specific. The context mentions candidate/electoral asset. So choose 4.

Need response only JSON exactly. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma problem, surface problem, context. We need choose among provided candidate senses indexed 1,2,3. Need return JSON {"sense_index": index}. Need not answer sense key. We need decide single best.

Let's parse context: "immigration problem to be solved". This is about immigration being a difficulty/source of trouble, burden. Candidate 3 definition: a source of difficulty; synonyms trouble; examples "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?". Candidate 1: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; synonyms job; examples marital/job issues. Candidate 2: a question raised for consideration or solution; homework problems.

"our immigration problem to be solved" - immigration problem meaning source of difficulty/trouble. Candidate 3 likely best. In WordNet, problem has three senses: problem%1:10:00:: "a question raised for consideration or solution", problem%1:26:00:: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved", problem%1:09:00:: "a source of difficulty". Common usage "immigration problem" refers to difficulty/trouble caused by immigration, sense 3. Let's ensure.

Definition 1 includes "state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" and has synonyms job. Examples: "she and her husband are having problems" = state. This could fit "immigration problem" as state of difficulty. But distinction in WordNet: sense 1 often means "(1) a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; 'she and her husband are having problems'; 'it is always a job to contact him'; 'undergo the trial of the Spree'". Synonyms: job. sense 3: "(1) a source of difficulty; 'one trouble after another delayed the job'; 'what's the problem?'". Synonyms: trouble.

"immigration problem" as a source of difficulty fits better. Also phrase "solve an immigration problem" maybe suggests difficulty. Could be state. Let's think. In context, "immigration being a burden and a problem" constructs immigration as a problem; "problem" parallels "burden" = something that imposes a load. A source of difficulty matches. Also "the notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". Candidate 3 source of difficulty. So index 3.

We need output only JSON object, no markdown? They want exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. We can provide JSON. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for "notion" in context. Let's analyze. Target: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem". It refers to concept/idea. Candidate senses: vague idea with confidence (impression, feeling, belief, opinion); general inclusive concept; odd/fanciful idea; personal articles. Context: refers to the concept/idea that immigration is a burden and a problem. It is a general inclusive concept perhaps. The phrase "This notion of immigration being a burden..." means "this idea/conception". Sense 2 "a general inclusive concept" is likely best. But could sense 1 "vague idea in which some confidence is placed"? Synonyms impression/belief/opinion. In this context, "notion" = idea/concept. It is not vague impression, it's a concept. The text critiques an idea. WordNet sense 2 definition "a general inclusive concept" examples? Not provided. Sense 1 maybe more common "notion that..." but here "notion of immigration being a burden" - concept. So choose index 2.

Need return JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user is asking for fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "burden" in the given context. Let me analyze the context.

The sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."

Also later: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."

The target "burden" is being used in the sense of immigrants being seen as an onerous or difficult concern, a weight or responsibility that is oppressive to the economy and society.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind

2. burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading

3. burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist

4. burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Sense 1 (index 1) means an onerous or difficult concern, which perfectly fits "immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society" - meaning they are seen as a heavy load, encumbrance, onus.

Sense 2 is the physical weight to be carried - not metaphorical.
Sense 3 is about central meaning/theme of a literary work.
Sense 4 is about central idea of a document or discourse.

The usage here is clearly metaphorical: immigrants being considered a burden/onus on society and economy. This matches sense 1.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.