[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will <t>form</t> the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%2:41:00:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=organize, organise | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
2. sense_key=form%2:42:00:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=constitute, make | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
3. sense_key=form%2:42:02:: | definition=develop into a distinctive entity | synonyms=take form, take shape, spring | examples=our plans began to take shape
4. sense_key=form%2:30:01:: | definition=give shape or form to | synonyms=shape | examples=shape the dough; form the young child's character
5. sense_key=form%2:36:00:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, work, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
6. sense_key=form%2:41:02:: | definition=establish or impress firmly in the mind | synonyms=imprint | examples=We imprint our ideas onto our children
7. sense_key=form%2:30:05:: | definition=assume a form or shape | examples=the water formed little beads

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "form" in the given context. I need to choose the single best indexed sense from the candidates.

Let me analyze the context:
"These national studies will <t>form</t> the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices."

The sentence means that these national studies will compose/constitute/make up the basis of a European report.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=form%2:41:00:: | definition=create (as an entity) | synonyms=organize, organise | examples=social groups form everywhere; They formed a company
   - This is about creating an entity. The studies aren't creating the basis in the sense of organizing.

2. sense_key=form%2:42:00:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=constitute, make | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
   - This fits well. "These national studies will constitute the basis of a European report" makes perfect sense. The example "This wall forms the background of the stage setting" is very similar in structure and meaning.

3. sense_key=form%2:42:02:: | definition=develop into a distinctive entity | synonyms=take form, take shape, spring | examples=our plans began to take shape
   - This is about something developing into a form, not about composing something.

4. sense_key=form%2:30:01:: | definition=give shape or form to | synonyms=shape | examples=shape the dough; form the young child's character
   - This is about actively shaping something.

5. sense_key=form%2:36:00:: | definition=make something, usually for a specific function | synonyms=shape, work, mold, mould, forge | examples=She molded the rice balls carefully; Form cylinders from the dough
   - This is about physically making something.

6. sense_key=form%2:41:02:: | definition=establish or impress firmly in the mind | synonyms=imprint | examples=We imprint our ideas onto our children
   - This doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=form%2:30:05:: | definition=assume a form or shape | examples=the water formed little beads
   - This is about something taking on a form, not composing.

The best fit is sense 2: "to compose or represent" with synonyms "constitute, make". The sentence "These national studies will form the basis of a European report" means the studies will constitute/make up the basis.

The example "This wall forms the background of the stage setting" is structurally parallel: X forms Y, where X is a physical/abstract thing that makes up Y.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the <t>basis</t> of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target lemma 'basis', surface form 'basis'. Context: "These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices." Need choose among 3 senses.

Definitions:
1 basis%1:24:00:: relation that provides the foundation for something; synonyms footing, ground. Examples: they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis. This seems about being on a basis = manner/status? "worked on an interim basis" = relation. Does context "form the basis of a European report" = provide foundation? Actually "form the basis" could mean be the foundational element/material. The phrase "form the basis of" aligns with "provide the foundation for something" maybe definition 1? Let's parse.

Definition 2: fundamental assumptions from which something is begun/developed/calculated/explained. Syn base/foundation/fundament/groundwork/cornerstone. Examples: whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture. This is about intellectual premise/assumption.

Definition 3: most important or necessary part of something. Syn base. Examples: the basis of this drink is orange juice. Hmm.

The phrase "form the basis of" is an idiom meaning "be the point from which something can develop". National studies will form the basis of report. Which sense? It is like "basis" as foundation/support. WordNet has multiple senses.

Sense 1: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" — includes 'footing', 'ground'. examples: "they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis". This seems 'basis' as 'status, footing' not exactly 'foundation material'. But definition says relation providing foundation. Could fit.

Sense 3: "most important or necessary part of something" syn base. Example basis of drink is orange juice. "These national studies will form the basis of a European report" = they will be the main component/foundation of the report.

Sense 2: "fundamental assumptions" seems cognitive premises, not empirical studies.

We must use context. "national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices." The studies are the underlying data/foundation of the report. Not a relation/stance (footing/interim). Not assumptions. It is the main/necessary part/base. But phrase "form the basis of" usually indicates 'to be the underlying support/foundation'. Which WordNet sense?

Let's look up WordNet indexes for 'basis'. There are 3 senses per given. Sense 1 key basis%1:24:00:: has definition relation providing foundation, synonyms footing, ground. That's maybe the sense "he worked on an interim basis; a first-name basis". It refers to relation, not physical or report base. It is like "the basis for negotiation" maybe? Actually WordNet might have sense 1 = basis as relation: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" examples "they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis; questions divested of a humanistic/philosophical basis?". Here "basis" = terms/conditions/status. Is "form the basis of a report" not that? It's not relation, it's core component.

Sense 3 = most important or necessary part of something, syn base. Example basis of drink is orange juice. It's about composition. "form the basis" as 'to constitute the foundation' maybe sense 3. Sense 2 = underlying premise/abstract.

Let's consider semantic alternatives: The national studies will form the basis of a European report = national studies will provide the underpinning for the report. This is like 'foundation on which something is built'. WordNet sense 2 is "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained". Example "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture". But national studies are data/research, not assumptions. They can provide the foundation/background for the report.

Sense 1 is relation providing foundation. But "basis of a report" is not relation; it's not "on an interim basis". It is the material base.

Sense 3 (basis%) is "the most important or necessary part of something" with example "the basis of this drink is orange juice." This is about constituent/main ingredient. "National studies" are not a part of the report? They will be used to create report, maybe the main body/data. So could be sense 3.

However, careful: "basis" WordNet sense 3 perhaps has more examples: "the basis of this drink is orange juice"; "the basis of this study is research". It implies main component. In context, studies form the basis of report: they are the foundational source. That fits definition 3 well: most important or necessary part of something.

But what about definition 1? It says "a relation that provides the foundation for something". The phrase "form the basis" might be a construction with sense 1? Let's examine. "work on an interim basis" uses 'basis' as a relational concept of mode. Definition 1 synonyms are footing, ground. In WordNet, "ground" something provides a basis? Hmm.

The examples show "they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis". This sense is about being on a [adjective] basis = under certain conditions/relationship. Our target is "the basis of a European report", not "on an X basis". So likely not sense 1.

Sense 2 examples: "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture". This is about theoretical premise. The national studies are concrete research, not assumptions.

Sense 3 seems best: main/necessary part. Answer: {"sense_index": 3}.

Need ensure JSON only exactly. No explanation. The instructions say return only a JSON object. I'll output onlythat.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European <t>report</t> which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target "report". Context: "These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996..." Need identify meaning: written document describing findings of some individual/group. Candidate sense 1: written document describing findings. 6: essay as assignment. Could 1 vs 2? It is an official written document. Sense 1 fits. Provide JSON only. Ensure no other content.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: overall
Target surface form: overall
Context:
Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises <t>overall</t> practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:general:00 | definition=involving only main features | examples=the overall pattern of his life
2. sense_key=overall%5:00:00:gross:00 | definition=including everything | examples=the overall cost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best sense for "overall" in context. Target sentence: "These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices." We have two candidate senses:
1. general - involving only main features, example overall pattern of his life.
2. gross - including everything, example overall cost.

Here "overall practices" suggests general/comprehensive practices across countries, maybe practices in general? Let's analyze. "synthesises overall practices" likely means synthesises the general practices (across member states) into a European report. Does "overall" modify "practices" meaning "general practices" (main features) or "including everything"? In phrase "overall practices" in a report synthesizing national studies, "overall" means general, comprehensive across the board, perhaps "general" in the sense of broad/overarching. WordNet sense 1 definition: involving only main features (general). Sense 2: including everything (gross). Example "the overall pattern of his life" matches sense 1, while overall cost matches total/inclusive. The phrase "overall practices" is more like "general practices" or "overall pattern". It doesn't mean total practices (count) but the general/overarching practices. So best sense is 1.

Need return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}. No hedge.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practices
Context:
Key speakers at the social exclusion conference were (left to right) Cristina Louro, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs Directorate, European Commission Fernando Gomes, a high degree of Committee of the Regions Barbara Weiler, Member of the European Parliament José Maria Gil-Robles, Vice-President, European Parliament and John Carroll, Economic and Social Committee. Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall <t>practices</t>. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet indexed sense for target lemma practice, surface practices in context. Need output only JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Let's analyze context. The paragraph about national reports contain initiatives presenting policies and practices to improve recruitment, training and development of ageing workers. Later: These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and casebook of initiatives provide backdrop. So "practices" here refers to actual ways of doing things, methods, customary procedures/ways of operation, maybe policies and practices (common collocation). Candidate senses:
1. customary way of operation or behavior; synonyms pattern; examples it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern. This plural practices = customary ways of operation or behavior. Fits policies and practices.
2. systematic training by multiple repetitions; exercise/drill. Not context.
3. translating an idea into action; praxis; example differences between theory and praxis. Could be "best practices" as actual practices vs theory, but not specifically translation of idea into action. The initiatives are policies and practices, i.e., concrete actions/ways.
4. exercise of a profession. Not context.
5. knowledge of how something is usually done. This is uncountable? Example "It is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner." Plural less likely? WordNet sense 5 practice%1:09:00:: knowledge of how something is usually done. In context "policies and practices" and "synthesises overall practices" seems the actual customary actions/methods not knowledge. Sense 1 more concrete customary way of operation or behavior; syn pattern. "policies and practices" standard phrase matched by sense 1. Need choose single best. Answer index 1. Output JSON exactly.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The <t>report</t> and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need pick best sense. Target lemma report, surface form report. Context: national reports contain portfolio of initiatives. Then "These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published..." It's a document. Which sense? Candidate 1 report%1:10:03: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; synonyms study, written report; examples accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale. That fits a formal document (national report, European report synthesising findings). Candidate 6 report%1:10:02: an essay (especially one written as an assignment); synonyms composition, paper, theme. Not exactly assignment. Candidate 3 short account of news. Not news. Candidate 5 report card. No. So best sense index 1. Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publish
Target surface form: published
Context:
Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be <t>published</t> in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publish%2:36:01:: | definition=put into print | synonyms=print | examples=The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce; These news should not be printed
2. sense_key=publish%2:32:00:: | definition=prepare and issue for public distribution or sale | synonyms=bring out, put out, issue, release | examples=publish a magazine or newspaper
3. sense_key=publish%2:36:00:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=write | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target word "published" in context. Need analyze. The NL says: "The report and a casebook of initiatives will be <t>published</t> in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference..." Candidate senses:
1. put into print (syn: print). Example: newspaper published the news; These news should not be printed.
2. prepare and issue for public distribution or sale (synonyms: bring out, put out, issue, release). Example: publish a magazine or newspaper.
3. have (one's written work) issued for publication (syn: write). Example She published 25 books during her long career. This is sense of author publishing own work.

Context: passive "will be published", subject "The report and a casebook of initiatives". These are documents produced by the Foundation/European report. They will be published (made available/publicly distributed). Not "put into print" specifically? It could be put into print. But sense 2 includes prepare and issue for public distribution or sale. The report and casebook will be published in 1996. This is institutional publication of reports, not necessarily author having written work issued. They are objects (report and casebook) being issued. Sense 2 likely: prepare and issue for public distribution. But sense 1 "put into print" could also fit for reports. Need distinguish.

WordNet glosses: publish%2:36:01 put into print; "The newspaper published the news..." This transitive with content object (the news). Also "These news should not be printed". Could be used for report published. publish%2:32:00 prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; "publish a magazine or newspaper". This transitive with periodical/publication object. "A report and casebook" are publications, prepared and issued for distribution. So sense 2 better.

Also passive "will be published" with no agent; sense 2 examples "publish a magazine or newspaper" match institutional issuance. Sense 1 examples put a piece of news into print. Not exactly.

Thus sense_index: 2.

Need return JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}, so {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a <t>conference</t> to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON. Need choose sense for "conference". Context: European report, casebook published, backdrop for a conference staged in Autumn 1996. That's a prearranged meeting for consultation/exchange/discussion formal agenda. Candidate 1: prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda). Candidate 3: a discussion among participants who have agreed topic (group discussion). The event staged likely a formal meeting. So sense_index 1. Need return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stage
Target surface form: staged
Context:
Case Studies Each national report contains a portfolio of between 25 and 30 initiatives which best present policies and practices to improve the recruitment, training and development of ageing workers in both the work place and the community. For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be <t>staged</t> in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stage%2:36:00:: | definition=perform (a play), especially on a stage | synonyms=present, represent | examples=we are going to stage `Othello'
2. sense_key=stage%2:36:01:: | definition=plan, organize, and carry out (an event) | synonyms=arrange | examples=the neighboring tribe staged an invasion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "staged" is used in the context of a conference that will be held/organized in Autumn 1996.

Sense 1 is about performing a play on stage (theatrical performance).
Sense 2 is about planning, organizing, and carrying out an event.

A conference is an event that is planned, organized, and carried out, not a theatrical play being performed. Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: foundation
Target surface form: Foundation
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The <t>Foundation</t> aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=foundation%1:24:00:: | definition=the basis on which something is grounded | examples=there is little foundation for his objections
2. sense_key=foundation%1:14:00:: | definition=an institution supported by an endowment
3. sense_key=foundation%1:06:00:: | definition=lowest support of a structure | synonyms=base, fundament, foot, groundwork, substructure, understructure | examples=it was built on a base of solid rock; he stood at the foot of the tower
4. sense_key=foundation%1:09:01:: | definition=education or instruction in the fundamentals of a field of knowledge | synonyms=grounding | examples=he lacks the foundation necessary for advanced study; a good grounding in mathematics
5. sense_key=foundation%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=basis, base, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
6. sense_key=foundation%1:06:01:: | definition=a woman's undergarment worn to give shape to the contours of the body | synonyms=foundation garment
7. sense_key=foundation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new | synonyms=initiation, founding, institution, origination, creation, innovation | examples=she looked forward to her initiation as an adult; the foundation of a new scientific society

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need select best indexed sense. Target surface Foundation. Context: seems an organization/initiative called "The Foundation" doing research documenting age barriers. Candidates are senses for lemma foundation. Index numbers (suffix after %): e.g., 1:24:00 etc. The user wants only JSON with sense_index. Need determine best sense among listed: 1 basis, 2 institution supported by endowment, 3 lowest support, 4 education, 5 fundamental assumptions, 6 woman's undergarment, 7 act of starting. Here The Foundation as capitalized entity likely an institution/organization. Sense 2 definition: an institution supported by an endowment. Synonyms/examples missing? This is likely the organization sense. The context mentions The Foundation aims to document... That matches institution. In WordNet senses, foundation%1:14:00:: = institution. But the description says "an institution supported by an endowment"; not all foundations are endowment-supported but in context likely charitable organization. The Foundation acts as entity studying age barriers. Thus best indexed sense = 2. Need return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: aim
Target surface form: aims
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation <t>aims</t> to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=aim%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=take, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
2. sense_key=aim%2:31:01:: | definition=propose or intend | synonyms=purpose, purport, propose | examples=I aim to arrive at noon
3. sense_key=aim%2:32:09:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, get | examples=What are you driving at?
4. sense_key=aim%2:31:02:: | definition=specifically design a product, event, or activity for a certain public | synonyms=calculate, direct
5. sense_key=aim%2:33:10:: | definition=intend (something) to move towards a certain goal | synonyms=target, place, direct, point | examples=He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face; criticism directed at her superior
6. sense_key=aim%2:32:00:: | definition=direct (a remark) toward an intended goal | examples=She wanted to aim a pun
7. sense_key=aim%2:31:00:: | definition=have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal | synonyms=draw a bead on, aspire, shoot for

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "aims" in sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes." This is "aim to do something" meaning intends/proposes. Candidate sense 2: propose or intend, synonyms purpose, purport, propose, examples I aim to arrive at noon. That fits. Sense 7: have an ambitious plan or lofty goal, synonyms aspire, shoot for. Could also fit but "aims to document" is propose/intend. Sense 2 is best. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to <t>document</t> the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%2:32:00:: | definition=record in detail | examples=The parents documented every step of their child's development
2. sense_key=document%2:31:00:: | definition=support or supply with references | examples=Can you document your claims?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "document" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The Foundation aims to <t>document</t> the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes."

Candidate senses:
1. document%2:32:00:: = "record in detail" (example: parents documented every step of child's development)
2. document%2:31:00:: = "support or supply with references" (example: Can you document your claims?)

The context is about a Foundation studying age barriers in job recruitment and training. They aim to "document the characteristics of age barriers... and to analyse their causes."

Here, "document" means to record/create a detailed record of the characteristics. This matches sense 1 "record in detail" much better than sense 2 "support or supply with references."

The Foundation is conducting research and aims to record/document the characteristics they find. It's about creating documentation/recording details, not about providing references to support claims.

So the best sense is sense_index: 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: characteristic
Target surface form: characteristics
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the <t>characteristics</t> of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=characteristic%1:09:00:: | definition=a prominent attribute or aspect of something | synonyms=feature | examples=the map showed roads and other features; generosity is one of his best characteristics
2. sense_key=characteristic%1:07:00:: | definition=a distinguishing quality
3. sense_key=characteristic%1:10:00:: | definition=the integer part (positive or negative) of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the characteristic is 2
4. sense_key=characteristic%1:07:01:: | definition=any measurable property of a device measured under closely specified conditions | synonyms=device characteristic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Need choose sense for "characteristics" in context.

Context: "document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training". Need disambiguate. Senses: 1 attribute/aspect of something (feature). 2 distinguishing quality. 3 math logarithm. 4 device characteristic.

Here "characteristics of age barriers" means features/attributes. Could be sense 1 or 2. Document features. The phrase "characteristics of age barriers" implies prominent attributes/aspects (feature) rather than distinguishing quality? Let's inspect WordNet senses. characteristic%1:09:00:: is noun.cognition? Actually 1:09:00 has synonyms feature. 1:07:00 is distinguishing quality. Both plausible. Which is best? Sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes." They want to document attributes/features of age barriers. Examples: "the map showed roads and other features; generosity is one of his best characteristics". This includes features. Distinguishing quality: "any measurable property..."? Actually sense 4 device characteristic. Sense 2 maybe "distinguishing quality". "Characteristics of age barriers" likely = prominent attributes/aspects. Sense 1 index. Also in similar corpora, characteristic%1:09:00:: may be most common. The plural "characteristics" often attributes/features. We choose 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: age
Target surface form: age
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of <t>age</t> barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=age%1:07:00:: | definition=how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
2. sense_key=age%1:28:02:: | definition=an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age
3. sense_key=age%1:28:00:: | definition=a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld
4. sense_key=age%1:28:03:: | definition=a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
5. sense_key=age%1:28:01:: | definition=a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "age" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word "age" appears in: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of <t>age</t> barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes."

The phrase is "age barriers in job recruitment and training". This refers to barriers related to a person's age - specifically, how old someone is. This is about age discrimination or age-based barriers in employment contexts.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. age%1:07:00:: - how long something has existed | examples=it was replaced because of its age
   - This is about the duration of existence of something. Could apply to people, but the phrase "age barriers" seems more about the life stage/time of life concept.

2. age%1:28:02:: - an era of history having some distinctive feature | synonyms=historic period | examples=we live in a litigious age
   - This is about historical ages/eras. Not relevant here.

3. age%1:28:00:: - a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises | synonyms=eld | examples=she was now of school age; tall for his eld
   - This is about a particular time of life. "school age", "tall for his eld". Hmm.

4. age%1:28:03:: - a prolonged period of time | synonyms=long time, years | examples=we've known each other for ages; I haven't been there for years and years
   - This is about a long duration. Not relevant.

5. age%1:28:01:: - a late time of life | synonyms=old age, years, eld, geezerhood | examples=old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years
   - This is specifically about old age.

Now, "age barriers in job recruitment and training" - this is likely referring to barriers based on a person's age. In employment contexts, "age barriers" typically refer to age discrimination, which can affect both older and younger workers, though more commonly older workers. The phrase "age barriers" suggests barriers related to the chronological age of a person.

Sense 1 "how long something has existed" could be the most general sense. When we talk about a person's age, we're talking about how long they've existed. But the phrase "age barriers" might be better captured by sense 3 or sense 5.

Let me think more carefully. The phrase "age barriers" is a compound noun where "age" modifies "barriers". It means barriers related to age. What sense of "age" is this?

In WordNet, sense 1 (age%1:07:00::) is "how long something has existed" - this is the most common, general sense. When we say "What is your age?" we're asking how long you have existed.

Sense 3 is "a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises" - this is more specific, like "school age", "voting age", "marriageable age". This sense refers to the time of life when one becomes qualified for something.

Sense 5 is "a late time of life" - old age specifically.

"Age barriers in job recruitment" - this refers to barriers based on how old someone is (their age). In common usage, "age" as a personal characteristic is sense 1. For example, "age discrimination" uses age in the sense of "how long someone has existed" (chronological age).

However, let me reconsider. The context says "document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training". "Age barriers" specifically in employment often refers to discrimination against older workers. But it could also refer to age-based barriers more generally.

In WSD tasks, "age" in phrases like "age group", "age limit", "age difference", "age discrimination" typically maps to sense 1 (the general "how long something has existed" sense) because it's about the chronological duration of existence.

But wait - let me look at the examples for sense 3: "she was now of school age; tall for his eld". "School age" is similar to "age barriers" in structure - both are "age" modifying another noun concept. However, "school age" specifically refers to the time of life when one goes to school. "Age barriers" doesn't refer to a specific time of life when a qualification arises.

Sense 5 examples: "old age is not for sissies; he's showing his years". This is specifically old age. "Age barriers" could include old age barriers but not exclusively.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because "age barriers" means barriers based on the chronological age (how long someone has existed) of job candidates. This is the general, unmarked sense of age.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. In WordNet, sense 1 is categorized as noun.attribute (1:07). The gloss "how long something has existed" is very general and applies to both objects and people. Sense 3 is noun.time (1:28) "a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises".

The phrase "age barriers" in a social/employment context - is it more about the attribute of age (how old someone is) or a time of life?

I think it's most naturally the attribute sense. "Age" as an attribute or characteristic that can create barriers. This would be sense 1.

However, I should also consider that "age barriers" might be specifically referring to barriers at certain ages (like too old or too young), which could relate to sense 3 or 5. But the most direct reading is that "age" refers to the general concept of how old a person is.

Let me also think about similar compounds:
- "age discrimination" - typically sense 1 (the general attribute)
- "age limit" - could be sense 1 or sense 3
- "age group" - typically sense 1
- "school age" - sense 3 (specific time of life with qualification)
- "old age" - sense 5
- "of age" - sense 3 (having reached legal age)
- "come of age" - sense 3

"Age barriers" is more like "age discrimination" or "age group" - a general reference to age as a characteristic. So sense 1.

Actually, I want to be careful. Let me look at the phrase "age barriers" one more time. The full sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes."

If we paraphrase: "barriers based on age in job recruitment and training". The "age" here is the general concept of how long someone has been alive. That's sense 1.

I'm going to choose sense 1.

Wait, but I want to double-check by considering if sense 3 could be correct. Sense 3: "a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises". The synonym is "eld". Examples: "she was now of school age; tall for his eld". This is about being at the right age for something. "Age barriers" could be interpreted as barriers related to being at a particular time of life. But this seems less direct than sense 1.

Also, the phrase "age barriers" doesn't suggest a specific qualification or power arising. It just suggests barriers related to age generally.

Sense 5 is about old age specifically. While age barriers in employment often affect older people, the phrase itself doesn't specify old age, and the study could be examining age barriers affecting various age groups.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: barrier
Target surface form: barriers
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age <t>barriers</t> in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=barrier%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure or object that impedes free movement
2. sense_key=barrier%1:09:00:: | definition=any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective | synonyms=roadblock | examples=intolerance is a barrier to understanding
3. sense_key=barrier%1:17:00:: | definition=anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "barriers" in context. Target: age barriers in job recruitment and training. Barriers metaphorical conditions preventing progress or achievement. Sense 2: any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or achieve objective; roadblock; intolerance is a barrier to understanding. This matches age barriers. Sense 1 physical structure, sense 3 separation by obstructing vision/access. Best is sense 2. Return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON object exact.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: job
Target surface form: job
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in <t>job</t> recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=job%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, line of work, line | examples=he's not in my line of business
2. sense_key=job%1:04:01:: | definition=a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty or for a specific fee | synonyms=task, chore | examples=estimates of the city's loss on that job ranged as high as a million dollars; the job of repairing the engine took several hours
3. sense_key=job%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace; as in the expression | examples=on the job
4. sense_key=job%1:06:01:: | definition=an object worked on; a result produced by working | examples=he held the job in his left hand and worked on it with his right
5. sense_key=job%1:04:04:: | definition=the responsibility to do something | examples=it is their job to print the truth
6. sense_key=job%1:04:05:: | definition=the performance of a piece of work | examples=she did an outstanding job as Ophelia; he gave it up as a bad job
7. sense_key=job%1:04:03:: | definition=a damaging piece of work | examples=dry rot did the job of destroying the barn; the barber did a real job on my hair
8. sense_key=job%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=problem | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
9. sense_key=job%1:18:00:: | definition=a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him
10. sense_key=job%1:18:01:: | definition=any long-suffering person who withstands affliction without despairing
11. sense_key=job%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
12. sense_key=job%1:10:00:: | definition=a book in the Old Testament containing Job's pleas to God about his afflictions and God's reply | synonyms=Book of Job
13. sense_key=job%1:04:02:: | definition=a crime (especially a robbery) | synonyms=caper | examples=the gang pulled off a bank job in St. Louis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me look at this carefully. The phrase is "job recruitment and training".

The sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training..."

We have "job recruitment" - meaning recruitment concerning jobs. What sense of "job" is this?

The word "recruitment" means the process of finding candidates to fill positions. "Job recruitment" means recruitment for jobs/positions/occupations.

So "job" here refers to employment positions/occupations. A job is the principal activity you do to earn money.

Sense 1: "the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money" - synonyms: occupation, business, line of work, line

This is about the position itself, the occupation.

Sense 5: "the responsibility to do something" - e.g., "it is their job to print the truth". This is more abstract, referring to a role/responsibility rather than an actual employment position.

"Job recruitment" means recruiting people into employment positions. It is a person's job/occupation/position.

Sense 1 fits best.

The surface form "job" in "job recruitment" is a modifying noun, not the main noun. But in the lexicon, this is likely mapped to the "occupation/position" sense.

Sense 3: "a workplace; as in the expression 'on the job'" - this refers to the workplace. Doesn't fit recruitment.

Sense 2: a specific piece of work/task - doesn't fit recruitment.

Sense 4: an object worked on - no.

Sense 6: performance of a piece of work - no.

Sense 7: a damaging piece of work - no.

Sense 8: a state of difficulty - no.

Senses 9, 10, 11, 12 are irrelevant (person, book, computer science).

Sense 13: a crime - no.

So sense 1 is best.

The instructions say: "Do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and <t>training</t> and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target word "training" in context. Context: job recruitment and training. So training as activity leading to skilled behavior in job context. Candidate sense 1 = activity leading to skilled behavior; synonyms preparation grooming. Candidate 2 = result of good upbringing especially correct social behavior. Not relevant. So choose 1. Return JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyse
Target surface form: analyse
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to <t>analyse</t> their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyse%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyse%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyze | examples=analyze today's financial market
3. sense_key=analyse%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyze, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
4. sense_key=analyse%2:31:02:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyze, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target "analyse" in context. Let's parse. The sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes." They want to analyse causes of age barriers. This is consider in detail and subject to analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning. Sense 1: consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning; synonyms analyze, study, examine, canvass, canvas; examples analyze a sonnet, analyze evidence. Sense 2: break down into components or essential features; examples analyze today's financial market. Sense 3: make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features; examples analyze a specimen, analyze a sentence. Sense 4 psychoanalysis irrelevant.

Here "analyse their causes" is general intellectual examination, not breaking down into components or mathematical/chemical/grammatical. It fits sense 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
For each country, two or three initiatives have been selected for further in depth case study. These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their <t>causes</t>. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense of "causes" in sentence: "The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes." Target lemma cause, surface causes. Context: age barriers (phenomenon) causes (reasons/origin). Candidate senses:
1 events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something (e.g., cause of the crash). This is noun 'cause' = events producing an effect? Definition: events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something. Examples cause of crash. Could fit: causes of age barriers (underlying reasons/origins).
2 justification/reason/grounds: he had no cause to complain. Here "causes" is reason/grounds. But "analyse their causes" = analyse the causes of age barriers. Sense 1 more about origin/generative force; sense 2 about justification/reason. Which is correct? In WN, sense 1:11:00 definition "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" is likely the most common causal noun. Sense 1:10:00 "a justification for something existing or happening; reason, grounds". In usage "cause of" vs "cause to". The phrase "their causes" with antecedent "age barriers" = their causes = the causes of them; these are events/forces that produce them. So sense 1 is best.
4 causal agent = any entity that produces an effect. "causes" could be causal agents (factors), but sense 1 is events/generative force; the context "analyse their causes" probably non-person entities/factors. But definitions: cause%1:03:00=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results; synonym causal agent/causal agency. This is like "cause of death" perhaps disease. "age barriers causes" are factors, events, conditions. Sense 1 includes events; sense 4 includes any entity. Which WordNet sense for "causes" in "analyse their causes" likely cause%1:11:00 because "cause" as a noun for origin/reason, e.g. "determine the cause of the crash". The example aligns. Sense 4 maybe "a cause" as agent (the cause of the accident was the icy road? I'd think cause as phenomenon, not agent). Standard mapping: In SNLI? "analyze their causes" => sense 1. We'll output index 1. JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perspective
Target surface form: perspectives
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The <t>perspectives</t> of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perspective%1:09:00:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, view | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
2. sense_key=perspective%1:07:00:: | definition=the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer | synonyms=linear perspective

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for target lemma perspective surface form perspectives. Context about EU Foundation examining age barriers in job recruitment/training, perspectives of social partners being examined. Candidate senses: 1.09.00 a way of regarding situations or topics etc., synonyms position/view. 2.07.00 linear perspective visual. Clearly sense 1: viewpoint/attitudes of social partners. Need return JSON with sense_index: 1. Ensure exactly JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: social
Target surface form: social
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the <t>social</t> partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=social%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to human society and its members | synonyms=societal | examples=social institutions; societal evolution
2. sense_key=social%3:00:00:: | definition=living together or enjoying life in communities or organized groups | examples=a human being is a social animal; mature social behavior
3. sense_key=social%3:01:02:: | definition=relating to or belonging to or characteristic of high society | examples=made fun of her being so social and high-toned; a social gossip colum
4. sense_key=social%5:00:00:sociable:00 | definition=composed of sociable people or formed for the purpose of sociability | examples=a purely social club; the church has a large social hall
5. sense_key=social%5:00:00:gregarious:00 | definition=tending to move or live together in groups or colonies of the same kind | examples=ants are social insects
6. sense_key=social%5:00:00:friendly:01 | definition=marked by friendly companionship with others | examples=a social cup of coffee

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best indexed sense for 'social' in context "The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined". The phrase 'social partners' is used in EU contexts to refer to trade unions and employers' organisations, i.e., relating to society/its members? Let's inspect senses.

Sense 1: relating to human society and its members; synonym societal; examples social institutions, societal evolution. "Social partners" means partners in society / societal actors, essentially relating to human society and its members. Sense 2: living together/enjoying life in communities/organized groups; examples human being is social animal; mature social behavior. Not fits phrase. Sense 3: high society. No. Sense 4: composed of sociable people or formed for purpose of sociability; e.g. social club, social hall. No. Sense 5: gregarious e.g. social insects. No. Sense 6: friendly companionship. No.

"Social partners" is a collocation maybe sense 1. The token refers to societal/economic partners in job recruitment, not sociable/friendly. So choose index 1. Need JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particular
Target surface form: particular
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with <t>particular</t> attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=peculiar, special | examples=the particular demands of the job; has a particular preference for Chinese art
2. sense_key=particular%5:00:02:specific:00 | definition=separate and distinct from others of the same group or category | examples=interested in one particular artist; a man who wishes to make a particular woman fall in love with him
3. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:uncommon:00 | definition=surpassing what is common or usual or expected | synonyms=especial, exceptional, special | examples=he paid especial attention to her; exceptional kindness
4. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=first and most important | synonyms=special | examples=his special interest is music; she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work
5. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:fastidious:00 | definition=exacting especially about details | synonyms=finical, finicky, fussy, picky | examples=a finicky eater; fussy about clothes
6. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=providing specific details or circumstances | examples=a particular description of the room

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully.

Target lemma: particular
Surface form: particular
Context: "with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers"

The phrase is "with particular attention paid to..." - this means "with special/specific attention paid to..." or "especially focused attention given to..."

Let me look at each candidate sense:

1. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:specific:00 | definition=unique or specific to a person or thing or category | synonyms=peculiar, special | examples="the particular demands of the job"; "has a particular preference for Chinese art"

This seems to mean specific to a category, unique. "Particular attention" here is not about unique/specific to a category.

2. sense_key=particular%5:00:02:specific:00 | definition=separate and distinct from others of the same group or category | examples="interested in one particular artist"; "a man who wishes to make a particular woman fall in love with him"

This is about being distinct/separate. "Particular attention" doesn't fit - it's not about one specific distinct attention.

3. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:uncommon:00 | definition=surpassing what is common or usual or expected | synonyms=especial, exceptional, special | examples="he paid especial attention to her"; "exceptional kindness"

This definition includes synonyms especial, exceptional, special. The example "he paid especial attention to her" is a very close match to "with particular attention paid to proposals". This is a fixed idiom-like usage: "particular attention" = especial/special/exceptional attention. This seems like a strong candidate.

4. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=first and most important | synonyms=special | examples="his special interest is music"; "she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work"

Meaning first/most important. "Particular attention" could mean "primary attention"? But the context is "with particular attention paid to proposals" - it's about giving extra/special attention, not necessarily "first and most important" attention. However, this could be close.

5. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:fastidious:00 | definition=exacting especially about details | synonyms=finical, finicky, fussy, picky |

Doesn't fit - not about being picky.

6. sense_key=particular%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=providing specific details or circumstances | examples="a particular description of the room"

"Particular attention" could mean careful/detailed attention? But the phrase "particular attention paid to" is more idiomatically about special/emphasis rather than careful attention with details.

The phrase "particular attention" is a common collocation. Let me think about which WordNet sense it corresponds to.

Looking at sense 3: "surpassing what is common or usual or expected; particular" with synonyms especial, exceptional, special. Example: "he paid especial attention to her" - The use of "particular attention" in the text aligns well here, as it means special/emphasized attention beyond the ordinary.

Looking at sense 4: "first and most important" with synonym special. Example: "she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work". This is about a special kind of satisfaction, not really "first/most important".

Looking at sense 1: "unique or specific to a person or thing or category". "A particular preference for Chinese art". Hmm, "particular attention" could be "specific attention" but...

The context: "with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers" - this means they paid special/specific attention to these proposals as opposed to others, or extra attention.

I think sense 3 is the best fit because the collocation "particular attention" commonly means "special/especial attention" - attention that surpasses what is common. Especially given the example "he paid especial attention to her" where "especial" is synonymous with "particular" in this exact collocation.

Actually, let me reconsider. The target is "particular" modifying "attention". The phrase is "with particular attention paid to X" meaning "paying special/especial attention to X".

Sense 3: surpassing what is common or usual or expected. Synonyms: especial, exceptional, special. Example: "he paid especial attention to her".

Yes, this is clearly the right sense. The phrase "pay particular attention to" is an extremely common idiom meaning to give special/extra attention to something, which matches sense 3.

Sense 4 (first and most important) could also be argued because "primary" but "particular attention" doesn't mean "primary attention". It means special or specific attention.

Wait, let me also consider sense 1 again. "unique or specific to a person or thing or category". "Specific" is near. "Particular attention" could mean they paid attention of a specific type. But the common idiom is definitely about special/emphasized attention.

I'll go with sense 3.

Actually, I want to double-check. In WordNet, "particular" as in "particular attention" - which sense? Let me think about typical WordNet mappings.

"Particular" sense 3 synonyms include especial, exceptional, special. The example for special? "he paid especial attention to her". So "particular attention" maps to sense 3: uncommon/surpassing the usual.

Sense 4: particular = special = "his special interest is music; she gets special (or particular) satisfaction from her volunteer work". This is "distinguished from what is ordinary" but glossed as "first and most important" - actually that gloss is confusing.

Hmm, WordNet sometimes has multiple senses that are close. Let me think again.

Sense 1: particular = peculiar, special = unique or specific to a person or thing or category
Sense 3: particular = especial, exceptional, special = surpassing what is common or usual or expected
Sense 4: particular = special = first and most important

The "special" synonym appears in senses 1, 3, and 4.

"Particular attention" - in dictionaries, this usually means "special attention" or "specific attention".

I think the strongest candidate is sense 3, because the example directly uses "especial attention" (especial being synonymous with particular in this sense) and the meaning "surpassing what is common" fits "giving extra/special consideration to".

Sense 1 would mean "specific to a category" - not quite right.

The final answer is sense 3.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attention
Target surface form: attention
Context:
These case studies analysed the background of the initiatives, their impact on employment patterns and work organisations and assessed the benefits and problems of the initiative. Visits and interviews with key personnel were also undertaken. These national studies will form the basis of a European report which synthesises overall practices. The report and a casebook of initiatives will be published in 1996 and provide the backdrop for a conference to be staged in Autumn, 1996. The Foundation aims to document the characteristics of age barriers in job recruitment and training and to analyse their causes. The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular <t>attention</t> paid to proposals for removing age barriers. Thirdly, the project documents and assesses initiatives, in both the public and private sectors which combat age barriers, especially for older workers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attention%1:09:00:: | definition=the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attention%1:04:01:: | definition=the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something | synonyms=care, aid, tending | examples=no medical care was required; the old car needs constant attention
3. sense_key=attention%1:09:02:: | definition=a general interest that leads people to want to know more | examples=She was the center of attention
4. sense_key=attention%1:04:02:: | definition=a courteous act indicating affection | examples=she tried to win his heart with her many attentions
5. sense_key=attention%1:09:01:: | definition=the faculty or power of mental concentration | examples=keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention
6. sense_key=attention%1:07:00:: | definition=a motionless erect stance with arms at the sides and feet together; assumed by military personnel during drill or review | examples=the troops stood at attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "attention" in context: "with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers." Need return JSON {"sense_index": N}. Let's analyze.

Target lemma attention. Context: "The perspectives of the social partners is also being examined, with particular attention paid to proposals for removing age barriers." This means they are focusing especially on proposals. Which sense? Sense 1: process whereby a person concentrates on some features of environment to relative exclusion of others; synonyms attending. Sense 5: faculty or power of mental concentration; examples keeping track requires complete attention. Sense 3: general interest that leads people to want to know more; center of attention. Sense 2: work of providing treatment/attending to someone/something; care, aid, tending. Sense 4: courteous act indicating affection. Sense 6: military stance.

Phrase "with particular attention paid to X" means focusing on X, giving careful consideration. Could be sense 1 or 5. Sense 1 is the process of concentrating; sense 5 is the faculty/power of mental concentration. In usage "attention paid to proposals" is about the process/activity of attending to, considering. WordNet sense 1 definition: "the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others". That fits "attention paid to proposals" as selective focus. Sense 5 is the faculty or power of mental concentration, e.g., "requires your complete attention". Here "particular attention" is not the faculty but the act/process. Also sense 2 synonyms care/aid/tending: "attending to someone or something" in sense of providing treatment/care. But "attention paid to proposals" is not care/treatment. Sense 3 general interest: "center of attention". Not exactly. So best is sense 1.

Need output only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.