[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer in JSON. The user asks Word Sense Disambiguation for target lemma time, surface form times. Context describes survival times as plural measured lengths/durations in a medical study. Candidate senses list. Need choose best indexed sense. Let's analyze.

WordNet senses for "time":
1. time%1:11:00:: an instance or single occasion for some event; synonyms=clip; examples this time he succeeded; he called four times. This is more countable event occasions.
2. time%1:28:05:: a period of time considered as a resource (have time).
3. time%1:28:00:: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) examples he waited a long time; the time of year for planting. Also can be duration period.
4. time%1:28:06:: a suitable moment.
5. time%1:03:00:: the continuum (time as abstract concept).
6. time%1:11:01:: a person's experience on a particular occasion (have a time).
7. time%1:28:03:: clock time.
8. time%1:28:04:: fourth dimension.
9. time%1:07:01:: rhythm meter.
10. time%1:28:01:: prison term.

The surface form "times" in "survival times" refers to survival durations/periods. It could correspond to sense 3 "an indefinite period (marked by specific attributes or activities)"; "survival times" are periods of survival. But in statistics and medicine "survival time" means length of time lived after treatment; that's "period of time". Sense 3 definition: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities). It is plural when multiple patients' survival durations. Example "he waited a long time" count usage. Sense 1 is instance or single occasion for some event ("he called four times") not a duration. The phrase survival times is durations. Not exact match.

Could it be "time" sense 11? Not in list. WordNet has many noun senses. Candidate includes sense 1 (clip), 3 indefinite period, 7 clock time, etc.

We must choose single best indexed sense among candidates. "survival times" are measured durations (periods). Candidate 3 best. Note pluralization: "survival times" can be used with sense 1? Survival times are each an instance of survival duration? But definition of sense 1 is instance/single occasion for some event, "this time he succeeded; he called four times". Survival times are not events/occasions but lengths of time. Candidate 3, indefinite period (usually marked by attributes) = "the time of year" / "he waited a long time". A survival time is a period of time with attribute of survival. So sense 3.

Return JSON {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure only JSON.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need pick single best sense for target "contrast" in given context. Need return JSON.

Analyze context. Sentence: "In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." Preceding: patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta. "In contrast" phrase. This is noun sense 1: the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; synonyms direct contrast; examples in contrast to; by contrast. Sense key 1.24.00. So answer index 1. Ensure JSON only.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for target 'patients' in context. Context is medical: patients receiving Alimta, treatment of patients with lung cancer, etc. Sense 1: person requiring medical care. Sense 2: semantic role in linguistics. Clearly sense 1. Return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly like. No extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense. Context medical, non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cells. So sense 1. Need output {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "affecting" in sentence: "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times..." The cancer is acting upon/has effect upon squamous cells. Candidate senses: 1 have an effect upon (general). 2 act physically on; have an effect upon. 3 involve/regard. 4 feign. 5 emotional impact.
We need determine best sense. Medical context: cancer affecting squamous cells -> the cancer is affecting (involving/attacking) squamous cells physically. WordNet sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon" examples: "the medicine affects my heart rate". sense 1 includes "have an effect upon" synonyms impact, bear upon etc. For disease affecting cells, likely physical action. Compare sense 1 vs 2: both plausible. Which single best? Definition of affect(2:29): "act physically on; have an effect upon" is more specific to physical action. The target is progressive verb "was affecting squamous cells" means cancer is acting on squamous cells, involving them physically. This aligns with sense 2. Need answer JSON with sense_index? The prompt says Return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index":3}. Candidate senses are listed with indices 1-5. We need choose. Index 2. Ensure no extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need produce answer: single best sense index for "shorter" in context. We are linguist doing WSD. Let's analyze.

Target lemma short, surface shorter. Context about survival times of patients with cancer. "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." Shorter modifies survival times, temporal duration. So sense 1: primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration. Index 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

We must output only JSON object. No extra text. Ensure exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do word sense disambiguation for target lemma survival, surface form survival in context. Candidate senses:
1 survival%1:26:00:: definition a state of surviving; remaining alive synonyms endurance
2 survival%1:22:00:: definition a natural process resulting in evolution organisms best adapted to environment synonyms survival of fittest natural selection selection
3 survival%1:04:00:: definition something that survives

Context mentions survival times, i.e., duration of remaining alive. "average survival time" = time patients remain alive. This aligns with state of surviving; remaining alive; endurance. Sense 1. Not natural process nor something that survives. We need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no hedging.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need produce final answer JSON only, no reasoning. Need determine best WordNet sense for "times" in sentence "patients ... had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." Context: survival times (duration of survival), plural. Candidate senses for lemma time. Sense 1: instance or single occasion: "this time he succeeded; he called four times". Not duration. Sense 2: time as resource. No. Sense 3: indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes) examples "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting". "Survival time" = period/duration over which patient survives. Sense 3 fits. Sense 5 continuum. Sense 7 clock time. So best is 3. Need JSON {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no additional output.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a <t>mathematical</t> calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need pick best sense index for word 'mathematical' in given context. Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."
Target surface form mathematical. Need sense index among 1-5.

Analyze:
Sense1: mathematical%3:01:00:: definition "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics"; examples mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments. This is general relation to mathematics.
Sense2: mathematical%3:00:00:: definition relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers; synonyms numerical; examples tests for rating numerical aptitude, mathematical whiz.
Sense3: beyond question, mathematical certainty.
Sense4: statistically possible though highly improbable, mathematical chance.
Sense5: characterized by exactness/precision of mathematics, mathematical precision.

In context, mathematical calculator based on MathML language, performing arithmetic/logic and graphing. It pertains to mathematics in general. Not about ability with numbers/numerical aptitude specifically (a calculator works with numbers but sense2 refers to human ability/numerical aptitude? Actually WordNet sense 1 is "relating to mathematics" and sense2 "relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers". For a calculator, "mathematical calculator" means calculator concerning mathematics, likely sense1. Also example "mathematical instruments" is close. "Mathematical calculator" could mean calculator for mathematics, not necessarily about ability with numbers. However sense2 synonyms numerical. But "mathematical" in "mathematical calculator" based on MathML etc fits sense1 best. Need only JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator <t>based</t> on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "based" in the given context. The lemma is "base" and the surface form is "based".

 Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language."

 The phrase "based on" is a common collocation meaning "founded on" or "using as a basis".

 Let me look at the candidate senses:
 1. base%2:31:00:: - use as a basis for; found on - synonyms: establish, ground, found - examples: base a claim on some observation
 2. base%2:42:04:: - situate as a center of operations - examples: we will base this project in the new lab
 3. base%2:34:00:: - use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes - synonyms: free-base

 The context clearly uses "based on" meaning "uses as a basis/foundation for". This matches sense 1, which has the example "base a claim on some observation" - the structure "base X on Y" perfectly parallels "kalgebra ... based on content markup MathML language".

 Sense 2 uses "base in/at" for location/situation, not "based on".
 Sense 3 is about drug use, completely irrelevant.

 So the answer is sense 1.

 I must return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I'll return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: capable
Target surface form: capable
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is <t>capable</t> to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=capable%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability | examples=capable of winning; capable of hard work
2. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:susceptible:00 | definition=possibly accepting or permitting | synonyms=open, subject | examples=a passage capable of misinterpretation; open to interpretation
3. sense_key=capable%3:00:02:: | definition=(followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for | examples=no one believed her capable of murder
4. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=having the requisite qualities for | synonyms=adequate to, equal to, up to | examples=equal to the task; the work isn't up to the standard I require
5. sense_key=capable%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=able | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer WSD for target 'capable' in context. We must choose single best indexed sense among candidate senses 1-5. Return JSON only like {"sense_index": 3}. No hedge. Let's analyze.

Context: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

Target phrase: "capable to make simple MathML operations". Usually capable is followed by "of" but here by "to". Semantics: KAlgebra has the capacity/ability to make operations and represent graphs. Sense 1 definition: (usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability. Examples capable of winning; capable of hard work. It fits ability/capacity. Sense 5: competent (have the skills and qualifications to do things well), synonyms able, examples able teachers; a capable administrator. It can refer to the calculator being able (it is capable to make operations). But sense 5 is more about personal competence, skills, qualifications, used attributively "a capable administrator". Predicative use with "to" may align to sense 1 or 4? Sense 4: having the requisite qualities for, synonyms adequate to, equal to, up to. Example equal to the task. "capable to make" maybe "adequate to make"? It can be the system is adequate to make operations. But sense 4 gloss says 'followed by of' maybe not in candidate list? It does not say followed by. It says having the requisite qualities for. The phrase "capable to make simple MathML operations" is ability.

Sense 1 vs Sense 4 vs Sense 5. Need examine WordNet sense keys. For adjective 'capable'. WordNet has adjective senses:
- capable(a) (usually followed by `of') having capacity or ability; "capable of winning"; "capable of hard work" (vs incapable) — 3:00:00.
- capable, open, subject (possibly accepting or permitting) – 5:00:00:susceptible:00.
- capable (followed by `of') having the temperament or inclination for; "no one believed her capable of murder" – 3:00:02.
- adequate to(p), capable, equal to(p), up to(p) (having the requisite qualities for) – 5:00:00:adequate:00.
- able, capable (have the skills and qualifications to do things well) – 5:00:00:competent:00.

In WordNet mapping, sense 5 (competent) maybe the "a capable administrator" usage. Sense 1 is generic ability/capacity. Our subject is software with ability to perform operations. "It is capable to make simple operations" - meaning has ability/capacity, generic. Thus sense 1 likely best. However grammar: "capable to make" instead of "capable of making". But context, synonyms? There is not a skill/qualification nuance for software? Could be sense 5 "able" - maybe "Nowadays it is able to make simple operations". The gloss "have the skills and qualifications to do things well" seems anthropomorphic/non-literal. But "able" is very close: "it is able to make simple operations." The candidate sense 5 synonym is able. The example "a capable administrator" not exact. Sense 1 examples "capable of winning"; "capable of hard work". Here operations are tasks.

We need choose single best. Let's reason distinctions:

Sense 1: having capacity or ability (often of). This is the primary, broad ability sense. The calculator has capacity/ability to perform operations. Strong candidate.

Sense 4: having requisite qualities for (adequate/equal/up to). This implies sufficiency/adequacy for a task. Might fit "capable to make simple operations" = adequate to the task. But phrase "representate 2D/3D graphs" suggests ability, not adequacy.

Sense 5: have skills and qualifications to do things well. A calculator doesn't have skills/qualifications, it's software. But "able" synonyms broad. The predicative "is capable to make" maybe in second language English, intended meaning = can do, i.e., has ability. WordNet sense 1.

Also "capable of" vs "capable to" distinction: WordNet says usually followed by of. But the actual form uses "to". Yet semantics dominate. We cannot assign sense 2 or 3. So choose 1. Polar.

But wait: Could sense 4 be triggered by construction "capable to"? In English, "capable to" is nonstandard; standard is "capable of". Maybe the writer meant "able to", and sense 5 synonyms include able. However the definition of sense 4 examples: "equal to the task", "the work isn't up to the standard". This is about being sufficient. In the text, "it is capable to make simple MathML operations and to representate..." = it is able/sufficient to do these. Is that "having the requisite qualities for"?

Let's see WordNet adjective cluster 'capable' perhaps sense 1 vs 5 vs 4. In WordNet, sense 1 is "having capacity or ability". Sense 5 is "have the skills and qualifications to do things well". There is another cluster sense 4 "having the requisite qualities for". For an inanimate object/software, having capacity/ability is the natural choice. The phrase "make simple MathML operations" is not a task requiring qualities but functionality. So sense 1.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}. Need return only JSON. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: make
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to <t>make</t> simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with single best indexed sense. Target: make in "capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" in software calculator context. We need select among candidate senses. The meaning: perform/carry out simple operations. Candidate sense 16: definition=perform or carry out, examples: make a decision; make a move. Also maybe sense 3: make or cause to be or to become (create? e.g. "make a mess in one's office"; create a furor). But "make simple MathML operations" means perform simple operations. Sense 16 best fits. Also sense 26 organize/responsible for (hold/throw party). Sense 1 "engage in" examples make love, make an effort; somewhat? "make simple MathML operations" = engage in operations? "make operations" is not idiomatic like "do operations". But "perform or carry out" is best. Need return JSON only.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: simple
Target surface form: simple
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make <t>simple</t> MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=simple%3:00:02:: | definition=having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved | examples=a simple problem; simple mechanisms
2. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:easy:01 | definition=easy and not involved or complicated | synonyms=elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic | examples=an elementary problem in statistics; elementary, my dear Watson
3. sense_key=simple%5:00:02:plain:01 | definition=apart from anything else; without additions or modifications | synonyms=bare, mere | examples=only the bare facts; shocked by the mere idea
4. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:naive:00 | definition=exhibiting childlike simplicity and credulity | synonyms=childlike, wide-eyed, round-eyed, dewy-eyed | examples=childlike trust; dewy-eyed innocence
5. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:retarded:00 | definition=lacking mental capacity and subtlety | synonyms=dim-witted, simple-minded
6. sense_key=simple%3:00:01:: | definition=(botany) of leaf shapes; of leaves having no divisions or subdivisions | synonyms=unsubdivided
7. sense_key=simple%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=unornamented | examples=a simple country schoolhouse; her black dress--simple to austerity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose best sense for "simple" in context: "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)". It means operations that are not complex/complicated, easy, elementary. Candidate 1: having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved. Candidate 2: easy and not involved or complicated; synonyms elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic. Which is better? The phrase "simple MathML operations" likely means easy/elementary operations, not complicated. Sense 2 definition "easy and not involved or complicated" with synonyms elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic; examples elementary problem. Sense 1 "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved" examples a simple problem; simple mechanisms. Both close. In WordNet, simple%3:00:02:: is adjective meaning having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved. simple%5:00:00:easy:01 is satellite adj meaning easy and not involved or complicated. The context "simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)" emphasizes easy, elementary, uncomplicated. Which sense index? The candidate list indexes 1-7. Need choose single best indexed sense. We need decide between 1 and 2. Let's analyze WordNet senses. simple%3:00:02:: is core adjective: "having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved". simple%5:00:00:easy:01 is satellite: "easy and not involved or complicated". The context: "capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical)". This is about operations that are easy, not complex. The examples for sense 2 include elementary problem in statistics. "simple problem" is example for sense 1. But "simple MathML operations" are operations, like mechanisms? Could be sense 1. However, the parenthetical "(arithmetic and logical)" suggests basic, elementary operations. The synonyms for sense 2: elementary, uncomplicated, unproblematic. That fits best. Sense 1 focuses on having few parts; simple mechanisms. MathML operations are not physical mechanisms with parts; they are tasks. So sense 2 likely best. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: operation
Target surface form: operations
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML <t>operations</t> (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=operation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being in effect or being operative | examples=that rule is no longer in operation
2. sense_key=operation%1:04:06:: | definition=a business especially one run on a large scale | examples=a large-scale farming operation; a multinational operation
3. sense_key=operation%1:04:03:: | definition=a planned activity involving many people performing various actions | examples=they organized a rescue operation; the biggest police operation in French history
4. sense_key=operation%1:22:00:: | definition=(computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction) | examples=it can perform millions of operations per second
5. sense_key=operation%1:04:02:: | definition=activity by a military or naval force (as a maneuver or campaign) | synonyms=military operation | examples=it was a joint operation of the navy and air force
6. sense_key=operation%1:04:00:: | definition=a medical procedure involving an incision with instruments; performed to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body | synonyms=surgery, surgical operation, surgical procedure, surgical process | examples=they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available; he died while undergoing surgery
7. sense_key=operation%1:04:05:: | definition=a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work | synonyms=procedure | examples=the operations in building a house; certain machine tool operations
8. sense_key=operation%1:22:01:: | definition=process or manner of functioning or operating | synonyms=functioning, performance | examples=the power of its engine determines its operation; the plane's operation in high winds
9. sense_key=operation%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents | synonyms=process, cognitive process, mental process, cognitive operation | examples=the process of thinking; the cognitive operation of remembering
10. sense_key=operation%1:04:01:: | definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=the problems at the end of the chapter demonstrated the mathematical processes involved in the derivation; they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic
11. sense_key=operation%1:04:07:: | definition=the activity of operating something (a machine or business etc.) | examples=her smooth operation of the vehicle gave us a surprisingly comfortable ride

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "operations" in the context of kalgebra, a mathematical calculator based on MathML. The sentence says: "Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs."

The key clues here are:
- It's a mathematical calculator
- MathML operations
- Specifically arithmetic and logical operations
- The parenthetical explicitly says "arithmetic and logical"

Looking at the candidate senses:

Sense 10: operation%1:04:01:: definition=(mathematics) calculation by mathematical methods | synonyms=mathematical process, mathematical operation | examples=they were learning the basic operations of arithmetic

This matches perfectly - mathematics, calculation, arithmetic operations.

Sense 4: operation%1:22:00:: (computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule - while this involves computer operations, the context explicitly focuses on mathematical/arithmetic operations.

Sense 10 is clearly the best fit because:
1. The context is about a mathematical calculator
2. It explicitly mentions arithmetic operations
3. The synonym list includes "mathematical operation" and "mathematical process"
4. The example includes "basic operations of arithmetic"

The answer should be sense_index 10.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: 3d
Target surface form: 3D
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and <t>3D</t> graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=3-d%1:10:00:: | definition=a movie with images having three dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D
2. sense_key=3-d%1:09:00:: | definition=having a three-dimensional form or appearance | synonyms=three-D | examples=aren't dreams always in 3-D?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer only JSON. We need choose between two senses of 3d: noun artifact (movie) vs noun attribute (having a three-dimensional form or appearance). Context: 3D graphs in mathematical calculator. The phrase "2D and 3D graphs" means three-dimensional graphs. That corresponds to sense 2 definition having three-dimensional form/appearance. But target lemma "3d" adjective? Let's analyze.

Candidate 1: noun a movie. Candidate 2: noun having a three-dimensional form; examples "aren't dreams always in 3-D?" In context of 3D graphs, it's attributive/noun modifier for graphs, indicating graphs with three-dimensional form/appearance. Thus sense_index 2. The problem says do not answer with sense key, return JSON with sense_index. Use index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: actually
Target surface form: actually
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is <t>actually</t> not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=actually%4:02:01:: | definition=in actual fact | synonyms=really | examples=to be nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark
2. sense_key=actually%4:02:00:: | definition=used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly | synonyms=in reality | examples=you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin
3. sense_key=actually%4:02:03:: | definition=at the present moment | examples=the transmission screen shows the picture that is actually on the air
4. sense_key=actually%4:02:02:: | definition=as a sentence modifier to add slight emphasis | examples=actually, we all help clear up after a meal; actually, I haven't seen the film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON. User wants WSD for actually. Context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." Need choose among 4 senses.

Let's analyze each.

1. actually%4:02:01:: definition in actual fact; synonyms really. Examples: nominally but not actually independent; no one actually saw the shark. This is truth emphasizing fact. Could fit: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML" = in actual fact, not necessary. The contrast maybe expectation.

2. actually%4:02:00:: used to imply one would expect the opposite; surprisingly; in reality; examples "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin". This sense is contrastive: contrary to expectation. In context "It is actually not necessary to know MathML"—because Kalgebra is MathML based, one might expect it necessary to know MathML. So it conveys surprising/contrary to expectation. This seems appropriate. WordNet distinctions: sense 00 = surprisingly/in reality (contrary to expectation), sense 01 = in actual fact (truth). Context: based on MathML but actually not necessary. The contrast between MathML-based and not necessary points to sense 2 (00). Should choose sense_key actually%4:02:00:: index 2 per candidate numbering? Candidate list indexes: 1 = ...01::, 2 = ...00::, 3 = ...03::, 4 = ...02::. Need output sense_index corresponding to candidate sense. The best is candidate 2. Let's verify.

Sense 4:02:00 definition: "used to imply that one would expect the fact to be the opposite of that stated; surprisingly". Syn in reality. Examples "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out; she actually spoke Latin". Context: It is a MathML based calculator but actually not necessary to know MathML. Expectation: since based on MathML, you'd need to know MathML; fact is opposite. This is exactly sense 2.

Sense 1 "in actual fact" may also be plausible; but the context has a contrast with "based on content markup MathML language." Actually signals surprising fact. WordNet uses sense 0 for surprisingly/in reality, sense 1 for actual fact. The boundary subtle. The example "you may actually be doing the right thing by walking out" indicates contrary expectation. Our sentence: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." The surrounding sentence: "kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable ... It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator." The statement serves to reassure/point out counterintuitive fact because it's MathML based. Thus sense 2.

Need output only JSON: {"sense_index": 2}. Check instruction "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: necessary
Target surface form: necessary
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not <t>necessary</t> to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=necessary%3:00:00:: | definition=absolutely essential
2. sense_key=necessary%5:00:00:inevitable:00 | definition=unavoidably determined by prior circumstances | examples=the necessary consequences of one's actions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON with sense_index. Need decide between two senses for "necessary" in context: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra." Means not required, not essential. Sense 1: absolutely essential. Sense 2: unavoidably determined by prior circumstances; examples "the necessary consequences of one's actions". The context is about something needed/required to use software. That's essential/requisite, deontic modality. Not causal inevitable. So choose sense 1. Output JSON exactly.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to <t>know</t> MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "know" in context. Let me analyze the sentence carefully.

Sentence: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

This means it is not required/necessary to have familiarity/knowledge of MathML (a markup language) in order to use kalgebra.

Let me look at candidate senses:

1. know%2:31:01 - be cognizant or aware of a fact or specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about. Examples: "I know that the President lied to the people". This seems about knowing specific facts/information.

2. know%2:31:03 - know how to do or perform something. Examples: "She knows how to knit". This is about skill/knowing how.

3. know%2:31:02 - be aware of the truth of something; have belief/faith in something. Examples: "I know that I left the key on the table". This is about truth/belief.

4. know%2:31:00 - be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object. Examples: "She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?". This is about familiarity/acquaintance with person/object.

5. know%2:31:04 - have firsthand knowledge of states/situations/emotions. Not relevant.

6. know%2:31:06 - accept someone to be what is claimed. Not relevant.

7. know%2:31:15 - have fixed in the mind. Examples: "I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs". This is about knowing a language or memorized facts.

8. know%2:35:00 - sexual. Not relevant.

9. know%2:31:11 - know the nature or character of. Examples: "we all knew her as a big show-off". Not quite.

10. know%2:31:12 - distinguish right from wrong. Not relevant.

11. know%2:31:14 - perceive as familiar. Examples: "I know this voice!". About recognition.

The context says "to know MathML" - MathML is a language/markup language. So knowing MathML would be like knowing a language. The examples for sense 7 are "I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs" - knowing a language. This seems to fit perfectly.

Wait, but let's also consider sense 1 "be cognizant or aware of a fact or specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about" - could knowing MathML fit here? MathML is a specific piece of knowledge/information, being aware of it?

Or sense 4 "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - MathML is an object (language)?

Hmm. The most idiomatic reading of "know MathML" is similar to "know Latin" which is sense 7 (have fixed in the mind). But let me think more carefully.

In "It is not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra", knowing MathML means having knowledge of the MathML language - i.e., understanding it, being able to use it. This is closest to knowing a language/skill.

Sense 7: "have fixed in the mind" with examples "I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs". This is about having language knowledge fixed in the mind.

Sense 2: "know how to do or perform something" - "She knows how to knit". But here we don't say "know how to MathML", we say "know MathML". So it's not about knowing how.

Sense 4: "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object" - Examples are about people composers. MathML is more like a language than a person or object.

Actually, in WordNet, the "know a language" sense is typically sense 7 (have fixed in the mind). Let me check the ordering/indexing. The given candidates have indices 1-11 in the list but each also has a WordNet sense key.

The actual WordNet index would use the sense key number. The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So I should give the index in the candidate list, NOT the part after % in the sense key.

Looking at the candidate list:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01::
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03::
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02::
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00::
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04::
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06::
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15::
8. sense_key=know%2:31:35:00::
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11::
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12::
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14::

Which indexed sense (list position 1-11) is best?

The meaning "know MathML" = have knowledge of the MathML language. In WordNet-ordered senses, this would correspond to "have fixed in the mind" which is candidate 7.

Hmm, let me reconsider. "It is not necessary to know MathML" could also be interpreted as "it is not necessary to be aware of/familiar with MathML". The phrase "not necessary to know X" is often used to mean "not required to have knowledge of/be familiar with X." In common usage, "know MathML" = "be cognizant of...specific information" or "be familiar with..."

But I think the most precise match is sense 7 because of the parallel to "I know Latin" - MathML is a language. The examples provided with sense 7 make it clearly the best fit.

Wait, but actually sense 4's examples include "She doesn't know this composer" - that's a person. MathML is an object/system. "Do you know my sister?" is a person. Sense 4 says "be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object". Is MathML an object? Yes, in a broad sense.

However, sense 7 is explicitly about knowing languages ("I know Latin"). MathML is a markup language. So 7 is better than 4.

Let me think about sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about". Examples: "I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!". This is about knowing facts/information with "that" clauses typically. "know MathML" without "that" doesn't fit this pattern well.

Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something". Examples are "that" clauses. Doesn't fit "know MathML".

Sense 2: "know how to do or perform something". Requires "how to". Doesn't fit.

So between sense 1, 4, and 7, I think 7 is the best fit for "know MathML" because MathML is being treated as a language/skill system to be learned/know, similar to Latin.

But wait, I'm not entirely sure how WordNet actually disambiguates "know [language]". Let me recall: in WordNet, "know" has several senses. The sense "know (a language) - I know Latin" is often the first or one of the early senses. In this candidate list, it's candidate 7 (sense_key know%2:31:15::, definition "have fixed in the mind").

Actually, "have fixed in the mind" is odd because "know" as in "know Latin" doesn't just mean memorized - it means having proficiency/knowledge. But WordNet calls it "have fixed in the mind". The examples confirm it's for known languages/facts.

So my answer would be {"sense_index": 7}.

Hmm, but let me see if there's ambiguity. If someone says "It is not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra," they might mean "you don't need to know anything about MathML at all" — just be aware that it exists, or know its syntax. This might align with sense 1 "possess knowledge or information about" or sense 4 "be familiar or acquainted with an object."

But the explicit "know a language" example in sense 7 tips the scale for me. The user should provide a single best indexed sense. I'll go with 7.

Actually wait. Let me reread the instructions: "Choose the single best indexed sense. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I just output the JSON with the list index. I'll use 7.

Now I need to respond only with the JSON, no additional explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: use
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to <t>use</t> kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze the context carefully. The sentence containing "use" is: "It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra."

The meaning here is that you don't need to know MathML in order to "use" KAlgebra. That is, you don't need to know MathML to put KAlgebra into service, to operate KAlgebra, to employ KAlgebra for its purpose.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: - definition: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms: utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples: use your head!; we only use Spanish at home

This seems to fit best. "Use KAlgebra" means put KAlgebra into service, employ it for its inherent purpose as a calculator. The examples include "use your head!" and "we only use Spanish at home" which are about employing/operating something.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: - definition: take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms: habituate | examples: She uses drugs rarely

This is about drug use / habitual consumption. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: - definition: use up, consume fully | synonyms: expend | examples: The legislature expended its time on school questions

This means to exhaust or deplete. Not relevant. "Use KAlgebra" does not mean deplete it.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: - definition: seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples: She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections

This involves using someone/something to one's advantage, often with a sense of exploitation. Not quite right. KAlgebra is being used as a tool, but not in the "to one's advantage" manipulative sense exemplified.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: - definition: avail oneself to | synonyms: practice, apply | examples: apply a principle; practice a religion

This sense is more about applying oneself to or following something (like a principle, religion). Not for operating a calculator.

6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: - definition: habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples: She used to call her mother every week...

This is the "used to" construction and only past tense. The target is "to use" (infinitive), so not this sense.

The best sense is clearly sense 1: use%2:34:01:: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose."

The index requested is the single best indexed sense. The candidate list gives:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01::
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02::
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00::
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14::
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04::
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03::

So the answer is index 1.

Need to return exactly JSON: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can <t>now</t> be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for 'now' in context. Need output JSON only {"sense_index": N}.

Let's analyze context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge." This is contrasting past initial orientation with current state, meaning in these times / nowadays. The adjacent sentence: "Nowadays it is capable ... . Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone..." 'now' synonymous with 'nowadays'. Candidates:

1. historical present narration past events. Not narrative past; it's a description of current capability of software. Not that.
2. in these times; nowadays, today. Fits.
3. preface command/reproof/request. Nope.
4. at the present moment. Could maybe, but context is current era/general state, not this instant. "can now be used" = currently available. However WordNet distinguishes now%4:02:00 (in these times) vs now%4:02:04 (at the present moment). Which is more appropriate? The sentence likely means "nowadays/even now" given previous "Nowadays". The examples for 4: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator" denote current time, but not necessarily era. Here, "it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge" means from now on / at this time / currently. In contrast to initially MathML oriented (past). So 2 is best.

Need return JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be <t>used</t> by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON only. Need choose best sense for "used" in context. Let's analyze.

Target lemma use, surface form used. Context: kalgebra calculator, initially MathML oriented, can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. This is passive: "it can now be used by everyone". Meaning: put into service, employed/utilized by everyone. Candidate sense 1: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose. Synonyms utilize, utilise, apply, employ. Examples "use your head!; we only use Spanish at home". This fits.

Sense 4: seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage. Not passive, implies exploiting. Not fit.

Sense 5: avail oneself to; apply/practice. Not passive object being used.

Sense 6: used to (past habit). Not here; "can now be used" not "used to".

Sense 2: consume regularly/habitually. No.

Sense 3: use up, consume fully. No.

Thus best index 1. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: little
Target surface form: little
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with <t>little</t> mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=little%3:00:01:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=small | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=little%3:00:03:: | definition=(quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with `a') at least some | synonyms=slight | examples=little rain fell in May; gave it little thought
3. sense_key=little%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=small | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=little%5:00:00:unimportant:00 | definition=(informal) small and of little importance | synonyms=fiddling, footling, lilliputian, niggling, piddling, piffling | examples=a fiddling sum of money; a footling gesture
5. sense_key=little%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=small | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
6. sense_key=little%3:00:00:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=short | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
7. sense_key=little%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=minuscule, small | examples=little a; small a
8. sense_key=little%5:00:00:emotional:00 | definition=small in a way that arouses feelings (of tenderness or its opposite depending on the context) | examples=a nice little job; bless your little heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense index for target word 'little' in given sentence. Context: KAlgebra can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. 'little' modifies 'mathematical knowledge' (uncountable mass noun?), phrase means not much mathematical knowledge, small in quantity or degree. Candidate senses:
1. limited or below average in number/quantity/magnitude/extent -> small.
2. quantifier used with mass nouns: small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none.
3. young immature.
4. informal small and of little importance.
5. voice faint.
6. low in stature.
7. lowercase.
8. small arousing tenderness.
The phrase 'little mathematical knowledge' clearly low quantity of knowledge. Sense 2 specific to mass nouns. Sense 1 could also broadly small quantity. But definition 2 exact: (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much. 'mathematical knowledge' is a mass noun (uncountable). So answer index 2. Ensure JSONonly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little <t>mathematical</t> knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. User wants choose sense for target word "mathematical" in context: "Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little <t>mathematical</mathematical> knowledge." The phrase "mathematical knowledge" refers to knowledge of mathematics, i.e., pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics. Candidate 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics. Example "a mathematical textbook" aligns. Candidate 5 exactness/precision not fit. Candidate 2 numerical ability, synonyms numerical, tests for rating numerical aptitude. Not it. Candidate 3 beyond question. No. Candidate 4 statistically possible. No. So best sense index 1. Need return exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. <t>Here</t>'s a screenshot of kalgebra main window kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "Here's" in context. Context: description of kalgebra, then "Here's a screenshot of kalgebra main window". "Here's" = "Here is". Which sense? "Here" used to present something, draw attention: "Here's a screenshot". WordNet adverb senses: 1 in/at this place; 2 in this circumstance/respect/point/detail; 3 to this place; 4 at this time; now. The presentational "here is" doesn't exactly match. Which is best? Let's analyze. "Here's a screenshot" means "I present to you a screenshot". It can be considered "in this place" (on this page/document) maybe sense 1. Or sense 2 "in this circumstance/respect"? Example "what do we have here?" is presentational/deictic. But "here I must disagree" is sense 2 (on this point). "Here's a screenshot" is like "this is here" deictic to current discourse place. In WordNet, "here" as presentational existential likely maps to sense 1? Let's check typical WSD for "Here is ..." Usually sense 1: in or at this place. Example "I work here; turn here". "Here's the money" maybe sense 1. But "what do we have here?" sense 2. The difference: sense 2 examples include "what do we have here?" and "here I must disagree". That seems discourse deictic, not physical place. "Here's a screenshot" is presenting an object in the current discourse, not necessarily physical location. Could be sense 2? Let's inspect definitions: sense 2: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail". Hmm "Here's a screenshot" is not a circumstance/respect/point/detail. It's "at this place" in the document. Sense 1 covers place, can be abstract place? WordNet adverb location. In many WSD datasets, "Here is" often labeled sense 1. Example "Here's a picture" = sense 1. Let's decide sense 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: main
Target surface form: main
Context:
kalgebra is a mathematical calculator based on content markup MathML language. Nowadays it is capable to make simple MathML operations (arithmetic and logical) and to representate 2D and 3D graphs. It is actually not necessary to know MathML to use kalgebra. kalgebra is a MathML based graph calculator. Although it was initially MathML oriented it can now be used by everyone with little mathematical knowledge. Here's a screenshot of kalgebra <t>main</t> window kalgebra main window

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=main%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, primary, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
2. sense_key=main%3:00:02:: | definition=(of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence | synonyms=independent | examples=the main (or independent) clause in a complex sentence has at least a subject and a verb
3. sense_key=main%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=of force; of the greatest possible intensity | examples=by main strength

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need respond with JSON {"sense_index": ?}. Need pick best sense. Target lemma main, surface form main, context: "Here's a screenshot of kalgebra <t>main</t> window kalgebra main window". It means the primary/chief window of kalgebra. Sense 1: most important element, synonyms chief primary etc. Sense 2: grammar independent clause - not relevant. Sense 3: of force, greatest possible intensity - not relevant. So sense 1. Return strictly JSON only.