[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one <t>copy</t> of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "copy" in this biological/genetic context. Let me analyze the context.

In the sentence: "Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one <t>copy</t> of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies."

Here "copy" refers to one of the two instances/versions of chromosome 17 in a cell (humans normally have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent). In genetics, "copy" means one of the paired homologous chromosomes or one instance of a gene/chromosome.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. copy%1:10:00:: - a reproduction of a written record (transcript) - This is about documents, not biology.

2. copy%1:06:00:: - a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing - Examples include "clone" and "designer dress copy". This could loosely fit since in genetics, chromosomes come in pairs, but the WordNet definition is more about man-made reproductions/clones.

3. copy%1:10:01:: - matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials (written matter) - This is about text/manuscript, not chromosomes.

4. copy%1:10:02:: - material suitable for a journalistic account - This is about news stories, not biology.

Wait, looking more carefully. In genetics, we say "one copy of chromosome 17" meaning one of the two homologous chromosomes. This is like "one instance/version" of the chromosome. The chromosome is a physical thing, so sense 2 (a thing made to be similar/identical to another thing) might be the closest among these, but it's not a perfect fit because the two copies of chromosomes aren't "made to be" similar - they're natural homologous chromosomes.

However, WordNet's schematic glosses don't always perfectly capture specialized uses. The sentence is talking about a physical chromosome (a tangible biological structure), so it belongs to the physical object category (1:06), not the communication categories (1:10). Sense 2 is the only physical-object sense among the candidates.

Sense 1 is 1:10:00 (communication/artifact related to documents)
Sense 2 is 1:06:00 (physical object)
Sense 3 is 1:10:01 (communication)
Sense 4 is 1:10:02 (communication)

The target "copy of chromosome 17" refers to a physical chromosome, so sense 2 (copy%1:06:00::) seems best.

Let me double-check by reading the gloss again: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing; examples: she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor; synonyms: duplicate, duplication, facsimile, replica, replication"

In genetics, the word "copy" is used to refer to one of the homologous chromosomes. The two homologous chromosomes are similar/identical in some sense (though they carry different alleles). The WordNet schema is "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - while not literally "made," the sense of "one of a pair of similar/identical things" does map onto the chromosome context better than the written/document senses.

So the best indexed sense is 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spot
Target surface form: spot
Context:
The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the <t>spot</t> where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spot%1:15:01:: | definition=a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, place | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
2. sense_key=spot%1:10:01:: | definition=a short section or illustration (as between radio or tv programs or in a magazine) that is often used for advertising
3. sense_key=spot%1:07:02:: | definition=an outstanding characteristic | synonyms=point | examples=his acting was one of the high points of the movie
4. sense_key=spot%1:07:00:: | definition=a blemish made by dirt | synonyms=smudge, blot, daub, smear, smirch, slur | examples=he had a smudge on his cheek
5. sense_key=spot%1:07:01:: | definition=a small contrasting part of something | synonyms=speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation | examples=a bald spot; a leopard's spots
6. sense_key=spot%1:10:00:: | definition=a section of an entertainment that is assigned to a specific performer or performance | examples=they changed his spot on the program
7. sense_key=spot%1:06:00:: | definition=a business establishment for entertainment | examples=night spot
8. sense_key=spot%1:04:01:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
9. sense_key=spot%1:26:00:: | definition=a slight attack of illness | synonyms=touch | examples=he has a touch of rheumatism
10. sense_key=spot%1:23:00:: | definition=a small piece or quantity of something | synonyms=bit | examples=a spot of tea; a bit of paper
11. sense_key=spot%1:10:02:: | definition=a mark on a die or on a playing card (shape depending on the suit) | synonyms=pip
12. sense_key=spot%1:06:01:: | definition=a lamp that produces a strong beam of light to illuminate a restricted area; used to focus attention of a stage performer | synonyms=spotlight
13. sense_key=spot%1:06:02:: | definition=a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value | examples=an eight-spot
14. sense_key=spot%1:04:00:: | definition=an act that brings discredit to the person who does it | synonyms=blot, smear, smirch, stain | examples=he made a huge blot on his copybook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
Let me analyze this carefully.

The target word is "spot" in the context: "one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies."

The context is about genetics and chromosomes. It says chromosome 17 was mutated at a specific location where gene p53 lies.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. spot%1:15:01:: - a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, place | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet

This seems like it could fit - "a point located with respect to surface features." In genetics, a "spot" on a chromosome would be a location/point. The example "a bright spot on a planet" suggests a localized point/position.

2. spot%1:10:01:: - a short section or illustration for advertising - doesn't fit

3. spot%1:07:02:: - an outstanding characteristic - doesn't fit

4. spot%1:07:00:: - a blemish made by dirt - doesn't fit

5. spot%1:07:01:: - a small contrasting part of something - could potentially fit, but this is more about visual contrast/pattern (like leopard spots, bald spot)

6. spot%1:10:00:: - section of entertainment - doesn't fit

7. spot%1:06:00:: - business establishment for entertainment - doesn't fit

8. spot%1:04:01:: - a job in an organization - doesn't fit

9. spot%1:26:00:: - a slight attack of illness - doesn't fit

10. spot%1:23:00:: - a small piece or quantity of something - "a spot of tea" - doesn't fit

11. spot%1:10:02:: - a mark on a die or playing card - doesn't fit

12. spot%1:06:01:: - a lamp/spotlight - doesn't fit

13. spot%1:06:02:: - a playing card - doesn't fit

14. spot%1:04:00:: - an act that brings discredit - doesn't fit

The main contenders are sense 1 (a point located with respect to surface features) and sense 5 (a small contrasting part of something).

Sense 1 is the best fit because:
- "the spot where gene p53 lies" refers to a specific location/point on chromosome 17
- The synonym "place" fits well: "the place where gene p53 lies"
- "a point located with respect to surface features of some region" - in this metaphorical/biological extension, the chromosome has regions and the gene is located at a particular point/spot

Sense 5 would be more about a visible contrasting patch, like a bald spot or leopard spot. While a gene on a chromosome could be visualized as a spot, the context emphasizes location "where gene p53 lies" - it's about the position/location.

So the answer is sense index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists <t>say</t> that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose single best index. Need parse context. Target is "say" in sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." Scientists are stating/reporting/expressing in words a conclusion. Candidate senses: 1 express in words; 2 report or maintain; 9 state as one's opinion or judgement; declare. Which is best?

Sense 1 broad: express in words. Sense 2: report or maintain, synonyms allege, aver; examples "He said it was too late to intervene in the war". That's plausible. Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare; example "I say let's forget this whole business". Scientists are saying something based on findings; it's reporting a conclusion/opinion. Need choose using WordNet disambiguation fine-grained. Let's compare definitions.

WordNet sense order: say%2:32:00 express in words; 01 report or maintain; 03 express a supposition; 04 have or contain wording; 05 give instructions; 02 speak/pronounce; 07 communicate nonverbally; 15 utter aloud; 13 state as one's opinion or judgement; declare; 08 recite; 09 indicate.

For "The scientists say that..." likely sense 1? Let's examine examples for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" "The registrar says that I owe the school money". Sense 2 "report or maintain" similar to assert but with "allege, aver". In WN 3.0? Let's recall WordNet "say" verb senses:
1. state, say, tell (express in words)
2. allege, aver, say (report or maintain) "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "The registrar says that I owe the school money"
3. suppose, say (express a supposition)
...
13. say (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare) "I say let's forget this whole business"
15. say (utter aloud)

For someone stating a conclusion, sense 1 vs 2 vs 9. In WordNet, sense 1 is the most common generic use: "express in words". Sense 2 specifically involves reporting/maintaining, often used with statements attributed to source as report. Sense 9 is marking opinion/judgment, often with "I say..." or hortative.

Sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene ... may predispose women to the cancer." This is scientists expressing/stating their position/report. It could be sense 1 as generic. But sense 2 also fits because "scientists say" often a report. Need choose single best. The examples for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"; "The registrar says that I owe the school money". These are third-person report statements. The scientists say something based on evidence. Maybe sense 2.

WordNet example "The registrar says that I owe the school money" is a report of a claim. But note examples included in prompt for sense 2: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war". Sense 1 examples: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you". The target clause "scientists say that since breast cancer often..." is similar to "He said that he wanted to marry her" (sense 1) and "He said it was too late..." (sense 2). Both generic. Need nuance.

Sense 2 synonyms: allege, aver (to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true). "Scientists say" maybe not solemnly? But the contents are scientific conclusion; not a supposition (3) because "may predispose". The scientists are not supposing via "say" but stating interpretation. Sense 9 "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" with example "I say let's forget this whole business." Could fit scientists declaring judgement. But sense 9 is more of an exclamation/vote. It includes "declare". Hmm.

Let's examine WN verb sense numbers mapping:
- 2:32:00 express in words (communication)
- 2:32:01 report or maintain
- 2:32:03 express a supposition
- 2:42:00 contain wording
- 2:32:04 give instructions
- 2:32:02 speak, pronounce, or utter in certain way
- 2:32:07 communicate or express nonverbally
- 2:32:15 utter aloud
- 2:32:13 state as one's opinion or judgement; declare
- 2:32:08 recite or repeat fixed text
- 2:32:09 indicate

The disambiguation often: "The scientists say that..." = sense 1? Many WSD systems annotate "say" in such contexts with sense 1 (express in words) maybe. But let's reason from gloss schematics. The instruction: "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." It also says "Do not hedge. Choose single best."

Which index listed corresponds to definition? Need return JSON {"sense_index": ?}. The candidate senses are indexed 1-11. We choose one index. We need map to candidate number, not sense_key. Candidate 1: express in words; Candidate 2: report or maintain; Candidate 9: state as one's opinion or judgement. Possibly candidate 2 because scientists are reporting scientific finding. But let's analyze deeply.

Context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." This is an assertion of a position based on observed family clustering and mutation. It is likely a claim/maintenance. Synonyms for sense 2: allege, aver. "Aver" means to declare confidently; "allege" means claim/assert without proof, but here scientists are claiming a causative link. Could slightly match. Sense 1 synonym: state, tell. More neutral. They are stating their conclusion; not necessarily reporting/maintaining. "Report" can mean present a finding, and scientists report findings. So sense 2 seems okay.

However, WN sense 2 (report or maintain) is often used in contexts where the subject reports a statement: "The story says that..."? Actually that's sense 4 (have or contain wording). Sense 2 includes "He says he's an expert" etc. For humans expressing factual statements, both 1 and 2 compete. I think WordNet sense 1 is the default for simple speech. But prompt examples in sense 2 include "He said it was too late to intervene in the war," which is factual statement from human. So sense 2 covers factual statements too? It might be subdued by "aver" (formally assert). The WSD difference may be subtle: sense 1 is direct speech, sense 2 is proposition/report.

Let's look at possible actual WordNet annotation for this WSJ sentence. It may come from SemCor or Senseval. The sentence appears from Wall Street Journal (p53 gene, breast cancer). Target "say" maybe annotated in SemCor. If I can recall, SemCor uses WordNet 1.6/2.0? In SemCor, "say" often sense 1 for "scientists say". But not sure.

Let's search memory: SemCor sentence "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families ..." Maybe target WSD gold? Hmm. In many WSD datasets, "say" is highly polysemous but majority class is sense 1. But fine-grained distinctions between 1 and 2 can be tricky. The word "scientists" as source of claim often maps to sense 2? Let's investigate manually by semantic criteria.

WordNet gloss for sense 1: "express in words". This sense includes examples of telling, expressing thoughts/feelings. "He said that he wanted to marry her" (express a desire). "tell me what is bothering you". It's about communicating thoughts verbally.

Sense 2: "report or maintain". It is reporting or maintaining a statement to be true. Examples: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime", "The registrar says that I owe the school money". This emphasizes reporting a proposition/fact (or maintaining a claim).

Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". Example "I say let's forget this whole business". More like giving an opinion or making a declaration.

In the sentence, scientists are presenting an explanation/conclusion. Is that a report? They report their findings. The "scientists say" construction often used as attributing a proposition. This aligns with sense 2. But sense 1 also expresses in words.

Prompt says "WordNet glosses are schematic; use sentence context, examples, synonyms together." Examples for sense 2 include "He said it was too late to intervene in the war". That's a war/serious context, not necessarily reporting from a group. It fits: scientists say (report) that something may predispose women. Synonym "aver" = affirm with confidence. They aver a hypothesis. Sense 1 examples personal/romantic. Synonyms state/tell; that fits too. But "report or maintain" better captures the act of scientists communicating a scientific claim.

Potential issue: The content includes "may predispose" — it's not asserting definitively. It is a hypothesis/maintenance. "Maintain" can mean to assert (a position) as true. Scientists maintain a proposition. Good.

Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". The clause includes reasoning: "since breast cancer often strikes multiple members..." This is not an opinion but a scientific inference. "I say let's..." is hortative. Not best.

Sense 3: express a supposition. "may predispose" is supposition but the verb say is not used to introduce a hypothetical scenario; they are saying (asserting) that the gene may predispose. Sense 3 examples: "Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money". Not the case.

Sense 4: have/contains wording. Not.

Sense 5: order. Not.

Sense 6/8/15: pronunciation/utter aloud. Not.

Sense 7: nonverbal. Not.

Sense 10: recite. Not.

Sense 11: indicate. Not.

So between 1,2,9. We need choose one. Could choose 1 as safest. But instructions warn against hedging. Let's decide best is 2 because "scientists say that..." in reported statements and "report or maintain" is the precise sense.

However, we must return only JSON. The user wants exact format {"sense_index": 2}. We ensure no extra.

Let's verify if answer should be 1 instead. If the dataset's expected answer is the standard WordNet mapping. We can examine the phrase "The scientists say" in a WSD corpus. The target "say" likely has many annotations. For third-person subjects reporting propositions, WordNet sometimes uses sense 1 (state, say, tell). Actually in WN, sense 1 and 2 overlap greatly. WN 3.0 counts: say v1 (express in words) freq 244, v2 (report or maintain) freq 34. v2 maybe more formal/legalistic. "Scientists say" likely v1. But examples for v1 include factual statement too? In prompt they gave "He said that he wanted to marry her" only. v2 gave "He said it was too late to intervene in the war". The second is also factual. Does "intervene in the war" is a report. Similarly scientists report a conclusion. So v2 maybe intended for this sentence.

Let's also analyze the content intension: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." This is a scientific report. They are saying why: because family clustering observed, gene may predispose. The verb "say" introduces an explanatory claim. This matches "report or maintain" more than neutral express in words.

Since they ask "fine-grained WSD", best to choose the more specific sense where applicable. I choose 2.

Need final answer only JSON.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer <t>often</t> strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me analyze this carefully. The target word is "often" and the context is about breast cancer striking multiple members of certain families.

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee

2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much

3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

The sentence is: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer."

Here, "often" modifies "strikes" and means "in many cases" or "frequently" - breast cancer frequently/in many instances strikes multiple members of certain families.

The key distinction:
- Sense 1: many times at short intervals - this is about repeated occurrences over time
- Sense 2: frequently or in great quantities - this is about quantity/amount
- Sense 3: in many cases or instances - this is about the frequency of cases

In the context of "breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families," it's talking about how in many cases/instances, breast cancer affects multiple family members. It's not about many times at short intervals (that would imply the same family getting cancer repeatedly in short intervals). It's about the general tendency/cases.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Often" with "strikes" - does it mean many times at short intervals or in many instances?

We don't interpret this as breast cancer repeatedly striking the same family at short intervals. We interpret it as: in many families/in many cases, breast cancer affects multiple members. So Sense 3 seems most appropriate.

However, Sense 1 (frequently, many times at short intervals) could also be argued, but the "at short intervals" part doesn't fit well here. The breast cancer occurring in multiple family members isn't necessarily at short intervals.

Sense 2 with "much, a great deal" relates to quantity and typically modifies verbs like "drink," "travel." It doesn't fit with "strikes multiple members."

So Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" is the best fit. The context is about a generalization - since in many cases breast cancer strikes multiple family members, the gene may predispose women to cancer.

{"sense_index": 3}

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strike
Target surface form: strikes
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often <t>strikes</t> multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strike%2:35:00:: | definition=deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon | examples=The teacher struck the child; the opponent refused to strike
2. sense_key=strike%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=affect, impress, move | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd
3. sense_key=strike%2:35:01:: | definition=hit against; come into sudden contact with | synonyms=hit, impinge on, run into, collide with | examples=The car hit a tree; He struck the table with his elbow
4. sense_key=strike%2:33:00:: | definition=make a strategic, offensive, assault against an enemy, opponent, or a target | synonyms=hit | examples=The Germans struck Poland on Sept. 1, 1939; We must strike the enemy's oil fields
5. sense_key=strike%2:32:00:: | definition=indicate (a certain time) by striking | examples=The clock struck midnight; Just when I entered, the clock struck
6. sense_key=strike%2:35:02:: | definition=affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely | synonyms=hit | examples=We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer when he was still a teenager
7. sense_key=strike%2:41:00:: | definition=stop work in order to press demands | synonyms=walk out | examples=The auto workers are striking for higher wages; The employees walked out when their demand for better benefits was not met
8. sense_key=strike%2:42:00:: | definition=touch or seem as if touching visually or audibly | synonyms=fall, shine | examples=Light fell on her face; The sun shone on the fields
9. sense_key=strike%2:41:02:: | definition=attain | synonyms=come to | examples=The horse finally struck a pace
10. sense_key=strike%2:35:03:: | definition=produce by manipulating keys or strings of musical instruments, also metaphorically | synonyms=hit | examples=The pianist strikes a middle C; strike `z' on the keyboard
11. sense_key=strike%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to form (an electric arc) between electrodes of an arc lamp | examples=strike an arc
12. sense_key=strike%2:40:00:: | definition=find unexpectedly | synonyms=fall upon, come upon, light upon, chance upon, come across, chance on | examples=the archeologists chanced upon an old tomb; she struck a goldmine
13. sense_key=strike%2:36:00:: | definition=produce by ignition or a blow | examples=strike fire from the flintstone; strike a match
14. sense_key=strike%2:35:08:: | definition=remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line | synonyms=scratch, expunge, excise | examples=Please strike this remark from the record; scratch that remark
15. sense_key=strike%2:39:00:: | definition=cause to experience suddenly | synonyms=hit, come to | examples=Panic struck me; An interesting idea hit her
16. sense_key=strike%2:38:02:: | definition=drive something violently into a location | synonyms=hit | examples=he hit his fist on the table; she struck her head on the low ceiling
17. sense_key=strike%2:38:08:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, take, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
18. sense_key=strike%2:36:02:: | definition=form by stamping, punching, or printing | synonyms=mint, coin | examples=strike coins; strike a medal
19. sense_key=strike%2:35:10:: | definition=smooth with a strickle | synonyms=strickle | examples=strickle the grain in the measure
20. sense_key=strike%2:35:09:: | definition=pierce with force | examples=The bullet struck her thigh; The icy wind struck through our coats
21. sense_key=strike%2:31:00:: | definition=arrive at after reckoning, deliberating, and weighing | examples=strike a balance; strike a bargain

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose single best indexed sense for target lemma strike, surface strikes, context: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families..." So strike here means disease affects/afflicts suddenly, usually adversely. Among candidates: sense 6: affect or afflict suddenly, usually adversely; synonyms hit; examples We were hit by really bad weather; He was stricken with cancer... That matches exactly. Sense 2 is emotional/cognitive impact. Sense 15 cause to experience suddenly. But the specific disease affliction is sense 6. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 6}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple <t>members</t> of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for target surface form "members" target lemma "member" in this context. Need choose single best sense_index among candidates. Provide JSON only.

Context: "breast cancer often strikes multiple <t>members</t> of certain families". So here "members of certain families" means individuals/persons belonging to a social group (family). Candidate senses: 1 one of persons who compose a social group, joined? especially individuals who have joined/participate in group/organization. 2 anything belongs to set or class. 3 external body part. 4 organization that is member of another org. 5 penis. Families considered social groups. "multiple members of certain families" = many people belonging to certain families. WordNet's member sense 1 covers person composing social group, examples "a member of the faculty" can include family. Good. Need decide between 1 and 2 because "anything" belongs to a set or class could include individual person? But primarily use concrete person. Answer 1.

Need response only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}. No extra. Ensure not include WordNet sense key.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of <t>certain</t> families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best WordNet sense index for word "certain" in context. Need parse context. Sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." The target "certain" modifies "families" meaning some particular families but not specified/identified. This is adjective sense "definite but not specified or identified" (sense 1). Need ensure not sense 3 or 2. It's used as determiner-like "certain families" = some families. So answer index 1. Need return only JSON object.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain <t>families</t>, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "families" in context: breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families. This refers to people descended from common ancestor, kinship groups. Candidate sense 4: people descended from a common ancestor; synonyms family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry; example his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower. Sense 1 social unit living together (household). Sense 2 primary social group parents and children. Here "multiple members of certain families" means within certain family lineages/kin groups, not necessarily households. Inherited damaged gene predisposes women; so biological kinship/descent. Best sense 4. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when <t>inherited</t> in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need determine sense of 'inherited' in sentence: "...the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." Context about breast cancer family, gene inherited in damaged form. That's genetic transmission. Sense 3 receive by genetic transmission. Output JSON sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a <t>damaged</t> form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "damaged" in the given context.

Target surface form: damaged
Context: The sentence is about the p53 gene, which is a cancer-suppressing gene. Specifically, it says "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." This refers to the p53 gene being physically altered or mutated, which is a biological damage.

Candidate senses:
1. damaged%3:00:00:: - harmed or injured or spoiled; examples: I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 - being unjustly brought into disrepute; synonym: discredited; examples: a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Analysis:
In the context, "damaged" describes a gene that is mutated or harmed/altered in its physical/biological form. The sense "harmed or injured or spoiled" fits this context. The other sense relates to reputation/discredit, which is not applicable here.

The best sense is sense 1.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: form
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON only, single sense_index. Need disambiguate "form" in context. Target surface form 'form' appears in phrase "when inherited in a damaged form". The sentence: "The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer." We're to choose among candidate senses.

Need decide best WordNet sense for "form" here: 'damaged form' means damaged version/state of the gene. Could be sense 9: (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; synonyms variant, strain, var. Not exactly gene. 2: a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality (kind, sort, variety). 11: a particular mode in which something is manifested. 12: physical chemistry distinct state of matter (phase). 1: word form. 3: perceptual structure. 4: spatial attributes. 5: body. 6: spatial arrangement. 7: visual appearance. 8: printed document. 10: arrangement of elements. 13: class. 14: ability. 15: mannequin. 16: mold.

Here 'form' refers to a particular variant or version of the gene (a damaged allele/variant). It might align with sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; kind, sort, variety" — "a damaged form of p53". But sense 2 examples: "sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?" The phrase "form of art" = kind/type/category. "damaged form of p53" = damaged kind/type? Could be. Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested; his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". That seems plausible: the gene when inherited in a damaged form/mode. But 'damaged form of the gene' more like a variant. Let's see WordNet sense 9 is biological variant/strain. That is for organisms, not genes. However a gene inherited in a damaged form could be a variant (mutant allele). But the examples "a new strain of microorganisms". Gene is not organism. Maybe not best.

WordNet noun form senses include "form, variant, strain, var." (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups. For a gene, no.

Let's parse semantic: "when inherited in a damaged form" = when the gene is inherited in a damaged condition or state. Which WN sense? Sense 11: "a particular mode in which something is manifested" — e.g., "resentment took the form of hostility". That maps to "in the form of X" constructions. Here "in a damaged form" = in a damaged mode/state of manifestation. Hmm.

Sense 12: "distinct state of matter in a system" — physical chemistry. Not gene.

Sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". Example "sculpture is a form of art". The phrase "damaged form of p53" could be read as "damaged kind of p53". But context: "inherited in a damaged form" specifically refers to the gene existing in damaged condition, not a category.

We need choose single best. Let's examine fine-grained WSD. In corpus annotations, "form" with "in the form of" usually maps to WordNet sense 11? Let's recall SemCor/WordNet examples. Sense 11 "form" (a particular mode in which something is manifested) example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". This fits "in the form of" = manifested as. Here "inherited in a damaged form" = inherited in a damaged manifestation.

Sense 2 is "kind, sort, variety" and often "form of X" meaning type. Examples: "sculpture is a form of art" (kind). But "damaged form" is a state, not type. Still "a damaged form of p53" could be like "a kind of p53".

Need choose. Let's think about intended meaning: The gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to cancer. Means women inherit a damaged version of the gene. It's about allelic form? In genetics, "form" often maps to "allele"? WordNet does not have allele. Could map to "variant" sense 9? "a group of organisms within a species that differ..." In biology, "form" can mean variant, but applied to gene maybe loosely. But WN sense 9 specifically group of organisms; not gene.

Let's look at exact candidate list: They include sense 9 "variant, strain, var."; sense 2 "kind, sort, variety". If target is a gene variant, the closest synonyms are variant/strain. But definition restricts to organisms. However WordNet glosses are schematic; use context, examples, synonyms. The gene's damaged form could be a variant. But would an annotator choose 9? Unlikely because gene is not organism.

What about sense 1 "word form"? No.

Maybe the best is sense 2 because "form" here means "kind, sort, variety". Actually "damaged form" is a type of p53 gene. But the phrase "inherited in a damaged form" parallels "inherited in a damaged state". Sense 11 captures "mode in which something is manifested". Examples include "took the form of". "inherited in a damaged form" also "in the form of". I lean 11.

Let's analyze each relevant sense in detail:

- 2. Category of things distinguished by common characteristic; synonyms kind/sort/variety. Example: "sculpture is a form of art" where form = type/category. "a form of p53" would be a category. "damaged form" = category characterized by being damaged. It's plausible.
- 9. Biology group of organisms within a species; synonyms variant/strain. If we treat gene as species? no.
- 11. A particular mode in which something is manifested. Example: "resentment took the form of hostility". The phrase "in a damaged form" = in a damaged mode/state.
- 12. Physical chemistry state of matter = phase. Not gene.
- 14. Ability to perform well. No.

Which is most natural? Let's substitute synonyms:
- "when inherited in a damaged kind of p53" weird because "of p53" after "form". Actually "inherited in a damaged form" where "form" refers to the gene, not "form of p53". The full noun phrase: "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form". So "the gene ... in a damaged form". = the gene, when it is in a damaged form. Substitute "mode": the gene, when inherited in a damaged mode. Substitute "kind": the gene, when inherited in a damaged kind. Hmm.
- "in a damaged state" is natural. Sense 11 "mode in which something is manifested" = state. Sense 12 "state of matter" = state but physical chemistry.
- "form" can mean condition (e.g., "in good form"). That's sense 14 (ability to perform well) or maybe 11. But "damaged form" of a gene isn't performance.

The phrase "in a damaged form" strongly resembles "in damaged condition". WordNet has no condition sense? Sense 11 is about manifestation. Hmm.

Could be sense 2 due to "form of p53" earlier in text: "a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene." That's the same target? The target appears in "when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>". Earlier in paragraph: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53". There are two occurrences. Which one is target? The context snippet shows: "he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene." Then later: "when inherited in a damaged <t>form</t>, may predispose women to the cancer." The <t> tags only around later occurrence? Actually context includes target surface form and the sentence with <t>form</t>. The first occurrence is unmarked. They want the marked one. But both occurrences likely same sense.

"a damaged form of p53" — here "form of p53" is like "version of p53". This might be sense 2: kind/sort/variety (a kind of p53). Or sense 11: manifestation. Or sense 9: variant.

Given the earlier phrase "a damaged form of p53" with "of p53" after form, sense 2 is attractive because example "sculpture is a form of art" = a kind of art. But "damaged form of p53" would then be a damaged kind of p53. Yet the marked instance is "in a damaged form" without "of p53", referring to the gene's state.

We need choose single best. Let's consider WSD conventions. The word "form" in "in the form of" often annotated as sense 11? Let me recall from training data. I have some memory: WordNet 3.0 form noun senses:
- 1: word form
- 2: kind, sort, variety
- 3: perceptual structure
- 4: shape, configuration
- 5: human body
- 6: shape
- 7: shape, cast
- 8: printed document
- 9: variant, strain, var.
- 10: arrangement of elements
- 11: particular mode in which something is manifested
- 12: phase
- 13: class
- 14: ability to perform
- 15: mannequin
- 16: mold

In SemCor, sentence "a new form of life" likely sense 2? "a form of art" sense 2. "in the form of" might be sense 11. Let's search memory: I recall "took the form of" is sense 11 in WordNet examples. The example in sense 11 specifically includes "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". So yes.

Here "inherited in a damaged form" = in a damaged mode/manifestation. The phrase "damaged form of p53" earlier maybe sense 11? "a damaged form of p53" = a damaged manifestation of p53? Not exactly; "a form of p53" as a type. But the target occurrence is "in a damaged form". I think sense 11 best.

However need consider sense 9 because biology context: gene variant. The sentence says "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form". In genetics, "form" of a gene = allele. But WordNet "form" sense 9 variant/strain refers to organisms. Since no allele sense, sense 2 or 11. The gloss for sense 9 is specifically organisms, but synonym "variant" could apply to gene. Yet definition is the primary meaning; not a gene variant. So not 9.

Let's decide between 2 and 11. The key phrase "in a damaged form" modifies "the gene". It means the gene exists in a damaged state or manifestation. Sense 11: a particular mode in which something is manifested. Example: "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility." This construction X takes the form of Y. "Inherited in a damaged form" analogous: the gene is in the form of damaged. Actually more like "the gene in a damaged form" = the gene as manifested in a damaged way. So 11.

Sense 2 would be "a damaged type/kind" but requires distinguishing categories of genes. The focus is not categorization but condition. So 11.

We must output JSON {"sense_index": 11}. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose <t>women</t> to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need select WordNet sense for lemma woman, surface women, context about breast cancer predispose women to cancer. Candidates: sense 1 adult female person (as opposed to a man). sense 2 female plays significant role in life of particular man (wife/mistress/gf). sense 3 charwoman. sense 4 women as a class, womanhood, fair sex.

Context: "breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer." Here women is plural, referring generically to adult female persons. Does sense 1 allow plural? Definition uses singular "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)" but examples singular. In WN, lemma woman sense 1 adult female person; plural simply instances. Sense 4 is "women as a class; womanhood; fair sex" (= collective). The phrase "predispose women to cancer" means individual adult females; not "women as a class" in an abstract/collective sense like "womanhood". Thus sense 1 is best. Need return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user is asking me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about scientific research on the p53 gene and its relationship to cancer. Key sentences:
- "the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth"
- "human cancer cells"
- "Mr. Levine's cancer studies"
- "cancer-suppressing gene"
- "cancer-gene research"
- "other cancers"
- "breast cancer"
- "lung cancer"
- "may predispose women to the cancer"

The target word "cancer" appears at: "the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the <t>cancer</t>."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. cancer%1:26:00:: - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. cancer%1:18:00:: - (astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. cancer%1:17:00:: - a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. cancer%1:15:00:: - the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. cancer%1:05:00:: - type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

The context is clearly about the disease cancer, particularly breast cancer. The target instance refers to "the cancer" that women may be predisposed to, which is the disease. This is sense 1.

There is no astrological or biological taxonomy context here. It's purely about the disease.

So the answer should be sense index 1.

The user wants a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: implicate
Target surface form: implicated
Context:
Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene. The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been <t>implicated</t> in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=implicate%2:42:01:: | definition=bring into intimate and incriminating connection | examples=He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government
2. sense_key=implicate%2:42:00:: | definition=impose, involve, or imply as a necessary accompaniment or result | synonyms=entail | examples=What does this move entail?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for "implicated" in context. Options are sense 1 definition bring into intimate and incriminating connection (criminal implication), example He is implicated in scheme. Sense 2 definition impose, involve, or imply as necessary accompaniment or result; synonyms=entail; example What does this move entail? In context, p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. That means evidence suggests gene is involved/causally associated with disease, not necessarily incriminating (though "implicated" often used in medical context "implicated in disease" means involved/associated). Sense 2 says involve as necessary accompaniment or result (entail). Sense 1 says bring into intimate and incriminating connection. In biology, gene implicated in cancer = involved, associated; not incriminating in criminal sense. WordNet sense 2 covers involve/imply/entail. So best is sense 2. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need determine best sense for target lemma report, surface form "report" in sentence "In a <t>report</t> out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." This is a noun. Candidates senses: 1 written document describing findings of some individual or group; synonyms study, written report. 2 act of informing by verbal report; account. 3 short account of the news; news report, story, account, write up. 4 explosive sound. 5 written evaluation. 6 essay (assignment). 7 reputation.

Context: scientific article describes "a report out last week" by John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute. It likely is a published scientific report/document. Sense 1 (written document describing findings) fits. Sense 3 (short account of the news) could be a news article, but here "report" refers to the scientific publication itself. The Collins/WordNet distinction: report%1:10:03:: = written document describing findings of some individual or group (e.g., this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale), synonyms study, written report. Sense 1:10:00 news report. In context "out last week" maybe "report" could be a scientific paper. It is from National Cancer Institute, has findings. Thus best sense is 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: last
Target surface form: last
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out <t>last</t> week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=last%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=immediately past | examples=last Thursday; the last chapter we read
2. sense_key=last%3:00:00:: | definition=coming after all others in time or space or degree or being the only one remaining | examples=the last time I saw Paris; the last day of the month
3. sense_key=last%5:00:00:closing:00 | definition=occurring at or forming an end or termination | synonyms=concluding, final, terminal | examples=his concluding words came as a surprise; the final chapter
4. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unlikely:00 | definition=most unlikely or unsuitable | examples=the last person we would have suspected; the last man they would have chosen for the job
5. sense_key=last%5:00:00:dying:00 | definition=occurring at the time of death | examples=his last words; the last rites
6. sense_key=last%5:00:00:ultimate:00 | definition=conclusive in a process or progression | synonyms=final, net | examples=the final answer; a last resort
7. sense_key=last%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=highest in extent or degree | synonyms=utmost | examples=to the last measure of human endurance; whether they were accomplices in the last degree or a lesser one was...to be determined individually
8. sense_key=last%5:00:00:unalterable:00 | definition=not to be altered or undone | synonyms=final | examples=the judge's decision is final; the arbiter will have the last say
9. sense_key=last%5:00:00:worst:00 | definition=lowest in rank or importance | synonyms=last-place, lowest | examples=last prize; in last place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for 'last' in sentence 'In a report out last week...'. 'last week' means the week immediately past/past. Sense 1 definition immediately past, examples last Thursday, the last chapter we read. That's clearly 'last week' = week immediately before the current one, in past. So index 1. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last <t>week</t>, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need choose sense for "week" in phrase "last week". Context: report out last week. Means the previous seven-day period, not workweek or calendar week starting Sunday. Sense 1: any period of seven consecutive days. Sense 3: calendar week starting Sunday. "last week" in news usually refers to the immediately preceding seven-day period, not necessarily calendar week. WordNet sense 1 examples "it rained for a week". "last week" is a period of seven consecutive days. Sense 3 is calendar week (starting Sunday). Could be ambiguous but best is sense 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.