[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: retard
Target surface form: retard
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or <t>retard</t> the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=retard%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate | examples=This drug will retard your heart rate
2. sense_key=retard%2:42:00:: | definition=be delayed
3. sense_key=retard%2:30:07:: | definition=slow the growth or development of | synonyms=check, delay | examples=The brain damage will retard the child's language development
4. sense_key=retard%2:30:00:: | definition=lose velocity; move more slowly | synonyms=decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up | examples=The car decelerated

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "retard" in context. Let's analyze.

Target lemma retard, surface retard. Context: bell ringing. "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change." Here advance or retard the next swing. Means make the swing happen earlier or later/slower. They adjust timing of the bell's swing. Candidate senses:
1. cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate. Example drug will retard heart rate. This is transitive causing something to move more slowly. In context, retard the next swing: cause the swing to move more slowly/delay it so it occurs later. Could fit sense 1.
2. be delayed. Intransitive? "retard" as be delayed. Not transitive with object "the next swing". So no.
3. slow the growth or development of; synonyms check, delay; example brain damage will retard child's language development. This is about growth/development. Swing is not growth/development. But "check, delay" maybe could apply? However definition specifically growth or development. Not best.
4. lose velocity; move more slowly; synonyms decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up; examples The car decelerated. This is intransitive? Actually WordNet sense 2:30:00 "lose velocity; move more slowly" can be used transitively? "The car decelerated" intransitive. But "retard" in context is transitive: retard the next swing. Sense 1 is transitive cause to move more slowly. Sense 4 synonyms decelerate etc. But "retard" as transitive can mean cause to move more slowly. The phrase "advance or retard the next swing" means adjust timing, making it later (delay) or earlier. Sense 1 "cause to move more slowly or operate at a slower rate" captures slowing the swing. But maybe more precisely they retard the timing, not velocity. However among candidates, sense 1 best.

Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swing
Target surface form: swing
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next <t>swing</t>, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swing%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of steady vigorous action that is characteristic of an activity | examples=the party went with a swing; it took time to get into the swing of things
2. sense_key=swing%1:06:00:: | definition=mechanical device used as a plaything to support someone swinging back and forth
3. sense_key=swing%1:04:06:: | definition=a sweeping blow or stroke | examples=he took a wild swing at my head
4. sense_key=swing%1:04:00:: | definition=changing location by moving back and forth | synonyms=swinging, vacillation
5. sense_key=swing%1:10:01:: | definition=a style of jazz played by big bands popular in the 1930s; flowing rhythms but less complex than later styles of jazz | synonyms=swing music, jive
6. sense_key=swing%1:07:00:: | definition=a jaunty rhythm in music | synonyms=lilt
7. sense_key=swing%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it | synonyms=golf stroke, golf shot
8. sense_key=swing%1:04:02:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, cut | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
9. sense_key=swing%1:04:04:: | definition=a square dance figure; a pair of dancers join hands and dance around a point between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need answer WSD for lemma swing surface form swing context about bell ringing. Need choose best indexed sense from candidates list. We need return JSON {"sense_index": ...}. Need not include sense key. Need choose single best indexed sense.

Let's analyze candidates. These are listed with sense_key and definitions. Need map index from 1 to 9. But sense_key includes offsets and lex ids. Let's parse.

Context: church bells mounted on wheels swing madly through a full 360 degrees. Then "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change." Target surface form "swing" in phrase "the next swing". It refers to one full swing/oscillation of the bell (the bell moves back and forth). WordNet noun senses:
1. swing%1:26:01:: definition state of steady vigorous action characteristic of activity. examples party went with a swing; get into swing of things. Not physical movement of bell.
2. swing%1:06:00:: mechanical device as plaything to support someone swinging back and forth. Not this.
3. swing%1:04:06:: sweeping blow or stroke. No.
4. swing%1:04:00:: changing location by moving back and forth; synonyms swinging, vacillation. This seems physical swinging motion. The next swing = the next oscillation. Good.
5. swing%1:10:01:: jazz style. No.
6. swing%1:07:00:: jaunty rhythm in music. No.
7. golf. No.
8. baseball. No.
9. square dance. No.

Thus best sense is 4. Need return JSON {"sense_index":4}.

Check if any nuance: "swing" can be event noun: a swinging movement. Sense 4 matches. Also "swing" can mean "the arc or range of swinging" maybe sense? In WordNet noun sense "changing location by moving back and forth" includes pendulum? Yes. So answer 4. Ensure only JSON. No explanation.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, <t>so</t> that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "so" in sentence: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change." This is "so that" introducing purpose/result: in a manner that facilitates; he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior. That's sense 2: in a manner that facilitates. Need ensure not sense 7 (usually followed by `that` to an extent or degree as expressed) e.g. he was so tired that... Here "so that" is purpose, not degree. Sense 2 examples include "he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat" matches. So index 2. Return {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bell
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one <t>bell</t> can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best WordNet sense for the word "bell" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about bell-ringing in a church. Key phrases:
- "the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling"
- "huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly"
- "one bell can swap places with another in the following change"

The target usage is: "so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change"

Here, "bell" refers to the physical object that is being rung. It's talking about individual bells (the physical bronze objects) that can swap places in the ringing sequence.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. bell%1:06:00:: - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. bell%1:06:02:: - doorbell/buzzer (push button)
3. bell%1:11:00:: - the sound of a bell being struck
4. bell%1:28:00:: - nautical time unit
5. bell%1:25:00:: - shape of a bell
6-8. People named Bell
9. bell%1:06:04:: - set of tuned bells as percussion instrument (chime)
10. bell%1:06:03:: - flared opening of tubular device

In this context, the "bell" that swaps places with another is clearly the physical bronze object in the belfry. Sense 1 fits best: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

Sense 3 might be tempting because we hear "bells" in the ringing, but here "one bell" swapping places with another refers to the physical object, not the sound. Ringers swap the positions of the bells themselves in the sequence.

Sense 9 refers to a set of tuned bells (chime), but here we're talking about individual church bells, not an orchestral percussion instrument.

So the best answer is sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swap
Target surface form: swap
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can <t>swap</t> places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swap%2:40:00:: | definition=exchange or give (something) in exchange for | synonyms=trade, swop, switch
2. sense_key=swap%2:38:00:: | definition=move (a piece of a program) into memory, in computer science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON. Need choose sense for 'swap' in context. Let's parse. Context about church bell ringing: Skilled ringers use wrists to advance or retard swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. It's about exchanging positions/order of bells, swapping places. Candidate senses: 1 exchange or give something in exchange for (syn trade, switch). 2 computer science move a piece of program into memory. Sense 1 general exchange is relevant: swap places with another = exchange places. Sense index 1. Return JSON.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: place
Target surface form: places
Context:
A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap <t>places</t> with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=place%1:15:00:: | definition=a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, spot | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
2. sense_key=place%1:15:04:: | definition=any area set aside for a particular purpose | synonyms=property | examples=who owns this place?; the president was concerned about the property across from the White House
3. sense_key=place%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract mental location | examples=he has a special place in my thoughts; a place in my heart
4. sense_key=place%1:15:01:: | definition=a general vicinity | examples=He comes from a place near Chicago
5. sense_key=place%1:04:01:: | definition=the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another | synonyms=stead, position, lieu | examples=can you go in my stead?; took his place
6. sense_key=place%1:26:01:: | definition=a particular situation | synonyms=shoes | examples=If you were in my place what would you do?
7. sense_key=place%1:15:06:: | definition=where you live at a particular time | synonyms=home | examples=deliver the package to my home; he doesn't have a home to go to
8. sense_key=place%1:04:00:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, spot, billet | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
9. sense_key=place%1:15:05:: | definition=the particular portion of space occupied by something | synonyms=position | examples=he put the lamp back in its place
10. sense_key=place%1:26:00:: | definition=proper or designated social situation | synonyms=station | examples=he overstepped his place; the responsibilities of a man in his station
11. sense_key=place%1:15:03:: | definition=a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane) | synonyms=seat | examples=he booked their seats in advance; he sat in someone else's place
12. sense_key=place%1:10:00:: | definition=the passage that is being read | examples=he lost his place on the page
13. sense_key=place%1:26:02:: | definition=proper or appropriate position or location | examples=a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen
14. sense_key=place%1:15:02:: | definition=a public square with room for pedestrians | synonyms=plaza, piazza | examples=they met at Elm Plaza; Grosvenor Place
15. sense_key=place%1:10:02:: | definition=an item on a list or in a sequence | synonyms=position | examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position
16. sense_key=place%1:10:01:: | definition=a blank area | synonyms=space, blank space | examples=write your name in the space provided

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target lemma "place" surface "places" in sentence: "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap <t>places</t> with another in the following change." Context about change ringing: bells swap positions in sequence/order. The phrase "swap places with another" means exchange positions/order. Candidate senses: sense_key=place%1:10:02 definition=an item on a list or in a sequence; synonyms=position; examples=in the second place; moved from third to fifth position. This seems best: each bell has a place in sequence of changes. Also sense 9 = particular portion of space occupied by something (position). But in change ringing, "place" refers to position in order/sequence, not physical space. The example "moved from third to fifth position" aligns. Sense 5 post/function occupied by another (stead) maybe "swap places" can mean exchange roles but here it's order in a sequence. Sense 15 is item on list or sequence. So answer index 15. Ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well-known
Target surface form: well-known
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a <t>well-known</t> detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well-known%5:00:00:known:00 | definition=widely or fully known | examples=a well-known politician; well-known facts
2. sense_key=well-known%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=frequently experienced; known closely or intimately | synonyms=long-familiar | examples=a long-familiar face; a well-known voice reached her ears

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need perform WSD for target lemma well-known. Need choose between sense 1 known=widely or fully known; sense 2 familiar=frequently experienced; known closely. Context: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells..." It refers to a detective story that is widely known, not necessarily intimately known. Examples for sense 1: a well-known politician; well-known facts. Sense 2 examples: a well-known voice reached her ears; long-familiar face. The phrase "well-known detective-story" means a story that is famous/widely known. So sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index":1}. Must not include extra.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involving
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story <t>involving</t> church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet-like sense index for "involving" in phrase "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells". Need analyze.

Candidate senses:
1 involve%2:42:01:: connect closely and often incriminatingly; affect, regard. Example This new ruling affects your business. Usually "involve" as implicate? "The evidence involves him"? In context detective story involving church bells means the story has church bells as a subject/part.
2 involve%2:42:04:: engage as a participant. "Don't involve me". Not.
3 involve%2:42:00:: have as a necessary feature; imply. Example This decision involves many changes. This could fit: story has church bells as a feature. But "have as a necessary feature" means entails. A detective story involving church bells has church bells as a feature/part. Syn imply. Hmm.
4 require as useful, just, or proper. Not.
5 contain as a part. Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses. This fits closely: a detective story involving church bells contains church bells as part. The difference between 3 (have as necessary feature) and 5 (contain as a part) subtle. A story involving church bells: church bells are part of the story. Sense 5 is "contain as a part". Sense 3 is "have as a necessary feature" (imply). Which is better? Let's inspect WordNet mapping. PWN senses of involve verb:
involve (v) 5 senses? Actually:
S: (v) involve, affect, regard (connect closely and often incriminatingly) "This new ruling affects your business"
S: (v) involve (engage as a participant) "Don't involve me in your family affairs!"
S: (v) imply, involve (have as a necessary feature) "This decision involves many changes"
S: (v) necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand (require as useful, just, or proper)
S: (v) involve (contain as a part) "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses"
plus? There are also "involve" occupy or engage interest? make complex? Wait those are under WordNet? "involve" v senses: 1. connect closely... 2. engage as participant 3. have as necessary feature 4. require as useful... 5. contain as a part. But candidate list includes 6 and 7: occupy or engage interest, make complex/intricate. Are those WordNet? "involve" perhaps has 7 senses. Actually I recall "involve" in WordNet 3.0:
1 involve, affect, regard -- (connect closely and often incriminatingly; "This new ruling affects your business")
2 involve -- (engage as a participant; "Don't involve me in your family affairs!")
3 imply, involve -- (have as a necessary feature; "This decision involves many changes")
4 necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take, involve, call for, demand -- (require as useful, just, or proper)
5 involve -- (contain as a part; "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses")
6 involve -- (occupy or engage the interest of; "His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon")
7 involve -- (make complex or intricate or complicated; "The situation was rather involved")
Yes maybe.
Which for "detective-story involving church bells"? It means the story includes church bells as an element; sense 5 contain as a part. But sense 3 "have as a necessary feature" could also apply. The phrase "a detective-story involving church bells" is about the plot/subject including church bells, not entailment. The "contain as a part" sense matches "Dinner ... involves at least six courses". A detective story involving church bells contains church bells as part. So index 5.
Need return JSON {"sense_index": 5}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving <t>church</t> bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for "church" in "... detective-story involving church bells...". Need disambiguate. Options: 1 group of Christians (denomination), 2 building, 3 service, 4 congregation. "Church bells" are bells in a church building. The phrase in context refers to bells associated with a church building. But sense options: target lemma church. The plausible sense is building (1:06:00) because church bells are bells of the church building. Could also be organization? "church bells" traditionally means bells of a church building. So choose sense 2. Need produce JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON, no explanation. NO sense key.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church <t>bells</t>, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object. We are English linguist WSD. Target lemma bell, surface form bells, context: ringers pulling ropes, huge bronze bells in belfry, mouth-up, church bells, Dorothy Sayers. Candidate senses. Need choose best indexed sense. Options: 1 hollow device made of metal that makes ringing sound when struck. 3 sound of bell being struck (toll). 9 percussion instrument set of tuned bells (chime, gong). Context refers to physical bronze bells in belfry, huge bronze bells mounted on wheels. Also "the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves" could be sound? But subject: huge bronze bells swing, one bell can swap places with another. "church bells" generally physical devices. Candidate 1 is a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck. Candidate 9 is a set of tuned bells used as orchestral instrument. Candidate 3 is sound. The surface is bells in phrase church bells referring to physical bells (hollow devices). Thus best index = 1. Need return {"sense_index":1}. Ensure exact JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: english
Target surface form: English
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, <t>English</t> novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=english%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people | examples=English history; the English landed aristocracy
2. sense_key=english%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the English language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense for English target surface form in sentence: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, <t>English</t> novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as..." It modifies novelist Dorothy L. Sayers. She was an English novelist (from England). So sense 1: of or relating to or characteristic of England or its culture or people. Sense 2 is about the English language. So answer sense_index:1. Return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: describe
Target surface form: described
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers <t>described</t> ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=describe%2:32:00:: | definition=give a description of | synonyms=depict, draw | examples=He drew an elaborate plan of attack
2. sense_key=describe%2:32:01:: | definition=to give an account or representation of in words | synonyms=report, account | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
3. sense_key=describe%2:35:00:: | definition=make a mark or lines on a surface | synonyms=trace, draw, line, delineate | examples=draw a line; trace the outline of a figure in the sand
4. sense_key=describe%2:31:00:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, name

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the best sense for the target word "described" in the given context. Let me analyze the sentence: "In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers <t>described</t> ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'"

The sense keys are:
1. describe%2:32:00:: - give a description of (synonyms: depict, draw)
2. describe%2:32:01:: - to give an account or representation of in words (synonyms: report, account)
3. describe%2:35:00:: - make a mark or lines on a surface (synonyms: trace, draw, line, delineate)
4. describe%2:31:00:: - identify as in botany or biology (synonyms: identify, discover, key, etc.)

In this context, Dorothy L. Sayers is a novelist who "described" ringing in a detective story. She gave an account or representation of ringing in words - she characterized ringing as a passion. This fits sense 2: "to give an account or representation of in words."

Wait, but sense 1 is "give a description of" which also seems close. Let me think about the distinction. Sense 1 has synonyms "depict, draw" and example "He drew an elaborate plan of attack" - this seems more about physically depicting or drawing. Sense 2 is "to give an account or representation of in words" with synonyms "report, account" and example about police describing something.

Actually, looking at WordNet, describe%2:32:00:: usually means "give a description of" - like describing what something looks like. describe%2:32:01:: means "to give an account or representation of in words" - like describing something as something, reporting on it.

In this sentence, Sayers "described ringing as a passion..." - this is characterizing ringing in words. She is giving a verbal account/representation. This fits sense 2 (describe%2:32:01::) best.

Actually, I need to be careful. In WordNet, "describe" sense 1 and 2 are very close. Let me reconsider.

Sense 1: "give a description of" - this is the prototypical sense of describing. "He described the painting to me."
Sense 2: "to give an account or representation of in words" - this can include characterizing something as something. "She described him as a hero."

The construction "described X as Y" often maps to sense 2 in WordNet because it's about giving an account/representation in words, characterizing. But sense 1 could also cover this.

Given the example for sense 2: "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental" - this is about how someone characterized/reported something. The "describe... as" construction seems to align with sense 2.

Also sense 1's example "He drew an elaborate plan of attack" suggests a meaning closer to depicting/drawing out a description.

So I think sense 2 (index 2) is the best answer.

The user wants JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "<t>passion</t> that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation for target 'passion' in context. We need choose among candidate senses. Let's parse context. Ten ringers... Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Ringers filled with solemn intoxication... The question: Which sense best fits? Let's examine candidate senses.

1. passion%1:12:00:: strong feeling or emotion (passionateness). 2. trait of being intensely emotional (heat, warmth). 3. something desired intensely; rage. 4. irrational but irresistible motive. 5. sexual desire. 6. any object of warm affection or devotion; love; examples "he has a passion for cock fighting". 7. suffering of Jesus.

In context: "ringing as a passion that finds its satisfaction ..." Passion seems to mean a strong enthusiasm or love for something, i.e., object of warm affection or devotion (sense 6), or perhaps a strong feeling (sense 1). Let's see nuance. The phrase "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness" suggests an passion=strong enthusiasm/hobby. WordNet sense 6 example: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting". So "passion" here as an object of warm affection or devotion: ringing is a passion (activity one is devoted to). Could also be sense 1: a strong feeling or emotion. But the definition of sense 6 says "any object of warm affection or devotion" and is noun with synonyms love. In the sentence, "ringing as a passion that finds its satisfaction..." means ringing is a passion (something loved/devoted to). That aligns best with sense 6.

Sense 4 is mania/irrational motive. Not best because not irrational but irresistible motive; context of passion for ringing. Sense 3 is something desired intensely; but examples "rage for fame" implies a strong desire, but not exactly. Sense 6 includes devotion.

Need output JSON {"sense_index": 6}. Need note not answer with sense key. Return only JSON. Ensure zero-index? Candidate listed 1-7. They request sense_index likely 1-based. The example "sense_index": 3 from instructions uses 3. So use 1-based.

We can directly answer. No extra commentary.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: finds
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that <t>finds</t> its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 Let me carefully analyze the context. The sentence is: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

Here, "finds" is used with "its satisfaction." The structure is "finds its satisfaction in X," meaning the passion obtains/receives satisfaction from mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.

Let me look at the candidates more carefully:

1. come upon, as if by accident; meet with - not right
2. discover or determine - not right
3. come upon after searching - not right
4. establish after calculation - not right
5. come to believe on basis of emotion - not right
6. perceive or be contemporaneous with - not right
7. get something for specific purpose - maybe
8. make a discovery, make new finding - not right
9. make a discovery - not right
10. obtain through effort or management - maybe
11. decide and declare - not right
12. receive a specified treatment (abstract) - synonyms: receive, get, obtain, incur. Examples: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation"
13. perceive oneself to be - not right
14. get or find back - not right
15. succeed in reaching - maybe?
16. accept and make use of one's personality - not right

The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" is an idiomatic/common phrase. Let me think about which sense this is. The passion obtains/receives satisfaction.

Candidate 12: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - this means "receive." The example "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation" shows find used as "receive." Our sentence "finds its satisfaction in" - passion receives its satisfaction from... This fits well.

Candidate 10: "obtain through effort or management" - examples: She found the time and energy; We found the money. This is about obtaining something through effort.

Candidate 15: "succeed in reaching; arrive at" - example "The arrow found its mark."

The phrase "find satisfaction in" is very close to "receive satisfaction" or "obtain satisfaction."

Looking at WordNet, "find" sense "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" includes: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation." The pattern is "find + abstract noun" = "receive/experience that abstract thing."

Candidate 10 is about "obtain through effort or management" - "find the time and energy" - this is more active effort.

In "finds its satisfaction," the meaning is closer to "obtains/receives satisfaction." The phrase "find satisfaction in X" is a fixed expression meaning to experience satisfaction from doing X.

I think candidate 12 is best: "receive a specified treatment (abstract)." The structure "find + abstract noun" = receive/experience that abstract state.

Actually, wait. Let me reconsider candidate 10: "obtain through effort or management" - "She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents." Its synonyms don't show clearly but this is obtain.

The phrase "find satisfaction" could also be "obtain satisfaction." But in WordNet's classification, "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" might be the more idiomatic sense.

Let me think about the example for 12: "These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation." Here "find expression" means "receive expression." So "find" + abstract noun = "receive" that abstract thing.

In our sentence, "finds its satisfaction" = receives its satisfaction = derives its satisfaction. This aligns with sense 12.

But actually, "derive satisfaction" is more like "obtain from a source." Hmm. The focus is "finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness..." i.e., the passion's satisfaction is found (obtained, located) in...

Another thought: "find" can mean "to experience or have" as in "find joy in." This is literally sense 12 "receive a specified treatment (abstract)."

I think the answer is 12.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfaction
Target surface form: satisfaction
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need output JSON only. We need choose best indexed sense for satisfaction in context. Let's analyze.

Target sentence: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Sayers described ringing as a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. Meaning: the passion's fulfillment/ gratification/ contentment is found in completeness/perfection. Which WordNet sense?

Candidate senses:
1. noun.state? satisfaction%1:12:00:: = contentment one feels when fulfilled a desire, need, expectation. Examples: chef tasted sauce with great satisfaction. This is a feeling.
2. satisfaction%1:26:00:: = state of being gratified or satisfied; synonyms=gratification. examples: dull work gives no gratification.
3. compensation for wrong.
4. payment of debt.
5. act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite; example: satisfaction of their demand.

In phrase "finds its satisfaction in X", "satisfaction" could be sense 1 (the contentment/fulfillment feeling) or sense 5 (act of fulfilling). Let's parse grammar: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." If passion finds its satisfaction in completeness, then satisfaction is the gratification/contentment obtained from completeness. It is not act of satisfying. The passion itself is satisfied (gratified) by mathematical completeness. So sense 1 or 2.

Sense 1 definition: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation." It is a feeling; example personal: chef tasted sauce with great satisfaction. Here "finds its satisfaction" could refer to passion (personified) finds contentment. Sense 2 definition: "state of being gratified or satisfied; synonyms=gratification." examples use gratification. The difference between 1 and 2 in WordNet: sense 1 is the contentment (emotion), sense 2 is the state of being gratified (perhaps condition). In context, "passion that finds its satisfaction in..." is abstract, more like gratification/fulfillment. Could be sense 2.

Need consider WordNet sense indexing. These sense_keys from wordnet: satisfaction%1:12:00:: (noun.feeling?), satisfaction%1:26:00:: (noun.state), satisfaction%1:21:00::, satisfaction%1:21:01::, satisfaction%1:04:00:: (noun.act). Usually WN has sense 1: the contentment one feels... (noun.feeling); sense 2: state of being gratified... (noun.state); sense 3: atonement/expiation; sense 4: payment debt; sense 5: act fulfilling. So we need pick index 1 or 2.

Let's examine exact wording. "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." A passion is emotion/intense enthusiasm; it finds its satisfaction—i.e., the satisfaction of that passion—probably the gratification, the satisfying. The phrase "find satisfaction in" is an idiom meaning to be pleased by (contentment). That would align with sense 1: contentment. But "passion" itself is not a person; "its satisfaction" could refer to the satisfaction (act/state) of the passion being satisfied. Sense 2: state of being gratified. Hmm.

Let's use context: Ringing is a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. Ringers filled with solemn intoxication from ritual faultlessly performed. This suggests the satisfaction = gratification derived from completeness/perfection. The passion is gratified/satisfied. Sense 2 "state of being gratified or satisfied" synonyms gratification. Examples: "dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time." That matches noun object of "gives". Here "finds its satisfaction" = gratification.

Sense 1 "the contentment one feels..." also close, but examples involve a person feeling contentment: "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction." The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" uses satisfaction as a mass noun, maybe contentment. However, "passion" not a person, but personified.

The instruction says use synonyms and examples together. Sense 2 synonyms=gratification. Could replace: "a passion that finds its gratification in mathematical completeness..." That sounds fine. Sense 1 replace: "finds its contentment in..." okay too. But contentment is more emotional state; gratification more fulfillment. The phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" is more about gratification of a passion for order, not contentment after desire. WordNet sense 2 may include "state of being gratified or satisfied". Sense 1 maybe the emotion, but the abstract passion's satisfaction could be state of being gratified.

Let's look at typical WSD annotations for satisfaction. In SemCor? Sentence "find satisfaction in" likely sense 1? Let's search memory: WordNet 3.0 senses. Satisfaction:
- S: (n) satisfaction (the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire or need or expectation) "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction"
- S: (n) gratification, satisfaction (state of being gratified or satisfied) "dull repetitious work gives no gratification"; "to my immense gratification he arrived on time"
- S: (n) atonement, expiation, satisfaction (compensation for a wrong) "we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store"
- S: (n) satisfaction ((law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation) "the full and final satisfaction of the claim"
- S: (n) satisfaction (act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite) "the satisfaction of their demand for better services"

Index 1 vs 2 are close. Which is better? The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" can be interpreted as "obtains gratification from" (sense 2). If I think about "passion that finds its satisfaction in X" from literary quote, "satisfaction" likely = "gratification". Many dictionaries define "satisfaction" in this usage as "fulfillment or gratification of a desire, need, or appetite" maybe sense 5? But the target says "its satisfaction", not "the satisfaction of its need". "find satisfaction" is more of a feeling/state.

Look at sense 5: act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite. The example "the satisfaction of their demand for better services" uses satisfaction as act/fulfillment of demand. In context, not "act of fulfilling"; the passion doesn't perform an act; rather it receives satisfaction. So not 5.

Between 1 and 2, the distinction in WordNet: sense 1 is a specific emotion/feeling of contentment; sense 2 is the state/condition of being gratified. The quote uses "passion that finds its satisfaction in..." Maybe the passion is the agent and satisfaction is its gratification (state). I lean sense 2.

But maybe the task expects fine-grained WSD; the most common sense in "find satisfaction in X" is sense 1. Let's think more. WordNet examples:
- sense1: "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction" = a feeling.
- sense2: "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" = something gives gratification.

Our sentence: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." This is like "passion that finds gratification in ..." So matches sense2 because the subject (passion) finds its state of being gratified in something. Sense1 would be "passion that finds contentment in ..." But contentment is a feeling, not a state? It is also a state. Hmm.

Actually WordNet sense 1 hypernym is contentment (noun.feeling), sense 2 hypernym is emotional state? Let's check. In WordNet, satisfaction%1:12:00:: is under noun.feeling (contentment). satisfaction%1:26:00:: is under noun.state. The quote is about passion/ritual, abstract. The word "satisfaction" could mean "gratification". The synonyms list for sense 2 includes gratification. In the target phrase, replacing satisfaction with "gratification" reads very natural: "a passion that finds its gratification in mathematical completeness..." Replacing with "contentment" also natural but slightly less intense. Since "passion" and "solemn intoxication" connote strong gratification, sense 2 maybe.

However, if one says "find satisfaction", in dictionaries often definition: "fulfillment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived from this." WordNet splits contentment (pleasure derived) vs state of being gratified. "find satisfaction in" is to take pleasure/contentment from. That would be sense 1.

Let's consider the exact phrase "finds its satisfaction in" in literature. It might mean "achieves its fulfillment". Like "art finds its satisfaction in imitation." This is the act/state of being satisfied (sense2/5). Example "the satisfaction of a demand" is sense 5. "find its satisfaction" maybe = "find its gratification" = sense2.

The instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." So we should use synonyms. Sense 2 synonyms=gratification. The context "solemn intoxication" and "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" suggest gratification from perfection. Sense 2's example "to my immense gratification he arrived on time" is gratification from perfection/expectation. Yes, "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" => immense gratification. So choose sense 2.

But wait, sense 2 definition: state of being gratified or satisfied. This is a state, not the feeling. In "filled with solemn intoxication" is an emotional state. Satisfaction in the quote is what the passion finds, not the state of the ringers. The ringers are filled with intoxication; the passion finds satisfaction. So satisfaction is the gratification. Sense2.

Let's also examine if "satisfaction" can be sense 1 in "finds its satisfaction". Example: "he found satisfaction in helping others." Many sense-tagging might tag as sense 1? Could be. Let's try to find from actual WordNet lexical sample? Not accessible. But we can reason. In WordNet, sense 1 includes "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation." The phrase "finds satisfaction" has the subject feeling contentment. Here subject is "passion" (personification). If we treat "passion" as personified, it feels contentment when its desire for completeness/perfection is fulfilled. That fits sense 1. But sense 2 "state of being gratified or satisfied" also fits; "the passion's state of being gratified." Which gloss better? The presence of "its" suggests possession: the passion's satisfaction. A passion can have a state of being gratified. It can also have contentment. Both.

Need decide with confidence. Let's analyze semantics and WordNet hypernyms.

WordNet sense 1 (noun.feeling) hypernyms: feeling -> satisfaction. Sense 2 (noun.state) hypernyms: emotional state -> gratification. The phrase "finds its satisfaction" can be interpreted as "achieves its gratification." The word "gratification" as synonym may be more apt because "mathematical completeness" satisfies a passion, not contentment (which is more calm pleasure). Passion is not contentment; it is intense, but gratification can be intense. "Solemn intoxication" is not contentment. So sense 2.

Also, "satisfaction" in the quote might parallel "gratification" rather than "contentment." I think answer is 2.

Need final only JSON. No explanation. {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "mathematical" in context: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Need decide among 5 senses.

Let's analyze. The phrase "mathematical completeness" describes ringing changes as systematic, precise, ordered like mathematics. Sense 1: of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics. Sense 5: characterized by exactness or precision of mathematics; synonyms exact. Sense 3: beyond question (mathematical certainty). Sense 4: statistically possible. Sense 2: relating to ability with numbers.

Context: Sayers described ringing as a passion that finds satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. This suggests completeness of the patterns (permutations) inherent in change ringing, which is mathematical in nature (systematic, combinatorial). Could be sense 1 (pertaining to mathematics) or sense 5 (exact/precise). "Mathematical completeness" likely means completeness in a mathematical sense (all permutations, etc.), i.e., of the nature of mathematics. WordNet sense 1 examples: mathematical textbook, instruments. Sense 5 examples: mathematical precision. The phrase "mathematical completeness" parallels "mechanical perfection"; completeness is a property. Is it "characterized by exactness/precision of mathematics"? Completeness isn't exactly precision. It is more "of the nature of mathematics" (mathematical). However sense 5 is "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics". In context, ringing is mathematical because it follows combinatorial patterns; "mathematical completeness" = completeness like a mathematical system. I think sense 1 best. Need not hedge. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: completeness
Target surface form: completeness
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need determine best WordNet sense for target lemma completeness, surface complete. Two candidate senses. Context: Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Ringers filled with solemn intoxication of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.

Completeness paired with mathematical and mechanical perfection. In mathematics/logic, completeness is a property of a logical system: every valid formula provable. Senses: 1 broad state of being complete and entire. 2 logic. Which fits "mathematical completeness"? WordNet sense 2 is specifically (logic) attribute of logical system that contradiction arises if any proposition introduced that cannot be derived from axioms. Actually WordNet for completeness has two senses. The example from WN? Let's recall: completeness (noun). Sense 1: the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed. Sense 2: (logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system. Synonyms? integrity, comprehensiveness maybe.

The phrase "mathematical completeness" often points to logical completeness. Context of bell ringing mathematical patterns and permutations (change ringing) aims for exhaustive permutation of bells, "a complete set of changes"; there is the phrase "mathematical completeness" meaning all possibilities are covered, everything needed, perfection. Given candidate senses, sense 2 explicit logic. But is "mathematical completeness" in this literary quote referring to completeness of logical system? The modifier "mathematical" invites logic/math sense. However the conceptual broad sense "state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed" could also capture the passion in perfection and ritual. Which does WordNet intend?

We need produce JSON {"sense_index": 2} or 1.

Let's consider common WSD for completeness%1:07:00 vs completeness%1:26:00. The text: "satisfaction in mathematical completeness". The semantic domain is mathematical/logical. Thus sense 2 is likely best. But no hedging. The phrase "mathematical completeness" exactly matches logic sense. Return only JSON.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose WordNet sense for "mechanical" in context. Let's reason carefully.

Target word appears in quote: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Describing ringing of church bells (change ringing). Mechanical perfection could mean machine-like precision, involving mechanisms? The phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" likely means the art is exact/precise like a machine, faultless. Sayers says "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." So "mechanical perfection" = flawless, exact performance as if by a machine. Candidate senses:

1. mechanical%3:00:00:: = using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices; examples: a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical. This is adjective satellite? It can mean as if using mechanisms, automatic, lacking thought/emotion, machine-like. In "mechanical perfection" it means machine-like precision, perfect like a mechanism. This seems strongest.

2. mechanical%3:01:01:: = relating to machinery/tools; synonyms mechanically skillful; examples mechanical arts, mechanical design. Not about relating to machinery or skill with tools; ringing not about machinery.

3. mechanical%3:01:00:: = relating to/governed by/in accordance with mechanics (physics). examples mechanical contrivance; mechanical pressure. Could be "mechanics" as branch of physics. Not appropriate; ringing is not governed by physical mechanics.

Need decide between 1 and 3 maybe. The gloss 1 "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices" includes "as if using mechanisms". Example "his smile was very mechanical" - mechanical means automatic/robotic. In "mechanical perfection" it's perfection like a machine. Sense 1 fits. Sense 3 is more about real mechanical laws/physics. The ringing involves mechanisms (bells mounted on wheels, ropes, etc.) But "mechanical perfection" in the quote likely means perfect like a machine (machine-like). Good.

The instructions: choose single best indexed sense. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Note required output exactly JSON object. Do not answer with sense key.

Check candidate numbers correspond to listed indices 1,2,3. sense_index 1.

Need final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "perfection" in context. Context: mechanical perfection, mathematical completeness, mechanical perfection. Means state of being without flaw or defect (mechanical operation flawless). Sense 1 definition state of being without flaw or defect. Sense 2 ideal instance/paragon. Sense 3 act of making something perfect. Here "mechanical perfection" is a quality/state of the ringing mechanism, not an act nor an ideal instance. So sense_index 1. Need output only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We have a target lemma "ringer", surface "Ringers" context about church bell ringing. Candidate senses: 1 person who rings church bells, 2 person almost identical, 3 contestant entered under false pretenses, 4 horseshoes throw. The context clearly refers to individuals who ring bells, "using peripheral vision rope-sight", huge bronze bells, "skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard next swing". So best sense is index 1. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. No hedge. Ensure return only JSON.

provider: AkashML