[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comment
Target surface form: comments
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account
2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "comments" in context. Target surface comments. Context: Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister said ... So comments are spoken statements expressing opinion. Sense 1: statement that expresses personal opinion or belief or adds information; synonyms remark, input. Sense 2 written explanation/criticism added to textual material. Sense 3 gossip. Here comments are verbal remarks made by Stern at talks. So sense 1. Need return {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON object exactly.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "hour" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target sentence is: "Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'..."

So "an hour" here refers to a duration of time - specifically a period of 60 minutes. Stern made comments 60 minutes after He Yafei made his statement.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. hour%1:28:00:: - a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day (60 minutes)
2. hour%1:28:01:: - clock time (time of day)
3. hour%1:28:02:: - a special and memorable period
4. hour%1:07:00:: - distance measured by the time taken to cover it

In the context, "an hour after" clearly denotes a temporal duration of approximately 60 minutes. This matches sense 1: "a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day" with synonyms "hr, 60 minutes" and example "the job will take more than an hour".

Sense 2 would be something like "at what hour?" or "the hour is getting late" - referring to a specific time on the clock. Not applicable here.

Sense 3 would be a figurative memorable period ("their finest hour"). Not applicable.

Sense 4 would be distance measured by time ("we live an hour from the airport"). Not applicable here since we're talking about time elapsed between two events, not distance.

So the best sense is index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AkashML

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: america
Target surface form: America
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: | definition=North America and South America and Central America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target lemma america, surface form America in provided context. Need choose single best indexed sense among candidates 1 and 2. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1 or 2}.

We need analyze.

Context: Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator... He refers to U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern. "America's top climate negotiator" = the United States' negotiator. So sense 1: the United States, US, USA. Sense 2: the continents North/South/Central America. Here America refers to the country, not the continents. Therefore index 1.

Need output only JSON object exactly. Ensure no extra text.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The task is to choose the best WordNet sense for the target word "climate" in context. The context is about climate change, climate envoy, climate negotiator, global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, etc. The target surface form is "climate" in the phrase "America's top climate negotiator."

Candidate senses:
1. climate%1:26:00:: = the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time; synonyms: clime; examples about weather.
2. climate%1:26:01:: = the prevailing psychological state; synonyms: mood; examples about opinion/national mood.

In the phrase "climate negotiator," the word "climate" refers to climate change / global warming / environmental climate. In WordNet, the word "climate" has these two noun senses. The first sense is meteorological climate. The second is figurative mood. In the phrase "climate negotiator," it refers to the environmental issue of climate change, which maps to sense 1 (weather averaged over a long period) even though the phrase is about climate policy. WordNet's schematic gloss for sense 1 covers the meteorological phenomenon. Sense 2 is psychological. So the target is sense 1.

The user says: Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.
We need to return sense_index corresponding to candidate index. Since sense 1 is the best, {"sense_index": 1}.

We should be careful to return only JSON, no markdown. Ensure not to include explanation. The system prompt says choose single best indexed sense; user says return only JSON. So final answer: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need disambiguate "week" in sentence: "earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially...". Candidate senses: 1 any period of seven consecutive days; 2 workweek; 3 calendar week starting Sunday. Context: earlier in the week means earlier in the current calendar week (a particular seven-day period). This is sense 3? Let's consider. "in the week" often refers to calendar week, Monday-Friday or Sunday-Saturday? WordNet calendar week starts Sunday. The phrase "earlier in the week" in news context (Friday article, Stern said earlier in the week) refers to same calendar week. Sense 1 any period of seven consecutive days is generic, e.g., "for a week". Sense 3 is a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday. The article context on Friday? It says Friday featured same sort fireworks that have dominated past week. Then Stern made comments an hour after He Yafei said ... earlier in the week. Since it's same week (calendar). Best sense is 3. However sense 1 could also fit because it's "any period of seven consecutive days" including current week? But the specific phrase "the week" with definite article points to calendar week. In WordNet, sense 3 calendar week = a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday, used with "the week". Yes choose 3. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 3}. No extra text.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with single JSON object. Need reason. Target lemma united_states, surface United States. Context sentence: "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming." It refers to the country as an entity, not specifically branches of government. Sense 1: North American republic containing 50 states. Sense 2: the federal government. Context: "the United States would not help China financially" likely government entity financially, but WordNet disambiguation: sense 2 specifically federal government branches. This sentence is about U.S. (country/government) not providing financial help. Synonyms for sense2: United States government, U.S. government, U.S. The phrase "United States" can mean the government in some contexts. Is it best? Let's analyze examples: Earlier mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected..." "The United States is not going to do a deal without..." "the United States would not help China financially" Here the subject "United States" is a sovereign state/country, not branches of government. Sense 1 is the republic/nation; examples include "America's top climate negotiator said the United States would not help..." In news writing, "United States" may represent the country. WordNet sense 2 specifically the federal government (the executive, legislative, judicial branches). Does that fit? If the text said "the United States government" then sense2. But just "United States" in geopolitical negotiations refers to the country as a nation (sense1). In WSD, "United States" in contexts like "the United States signed the treaty" frequently labeled as nation? Need decide. The instruction says choose best indexed sense. Since surface form "United States" in sentence "the United States would not help China financially" about finance/cope, the antecedent "America's top climate negotiator". It's the government/executive's position, but the WordNet synset for government is more specific. However phrase "United States" can denote the U.S. government in WordNet 3.1? Let's recall WordNet 'United States' has noun.group sense 1: United States executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government. In WordNet, examples maybe "the United States has been an advocate of ..." Might be ambiguous. The target lemma united_states has two senses: republic and government. Need choose only one. We need consider context: Fault lines between world powers; "major powers" not just governments. The quote about financial help could be seen as government-level. But "the United States would not help China financially" is likely metonymy for the U.S. government. However in fine-grained WSD tasks, the choice between country and government is sometimes tricky. Many annotators mark "United States" as a political entity/nation in such contexts, not as a federal government structure. The gloss for sense1: "North American republic containing 50 states...; achieved independence in 1776." It refers to geographic/political country. Sense2: the branches of federal government. The phrase "United States" in this text is not literally referring to the branches; it refers to the country as a political actor. Also earlier: "The United States is not going to do a deal" => country as actor. The United States, as a country, includes its government. The candidate definition 1 better captures the surface form. Usually sense1 is default for "United States" unless specifically talking about the federal government as an institution, e.g., "the United States imposes sanctions" ambiguous but default sense1 because it's the country/nation. The synonym list includes "United States of America, America, the States, US, USA" which matches. Sense2 synonyms include "U.S." only, no America. In context, "United States" equals US country. So index1.
Need output JSON: {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure exactly like.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON object with sense_index. Need determine correct sense for "China" in sentence: "United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming." Context about climate talks, countries, U.S. and China. Clearly refers to the People's Republic of China. Candidate 1: communist nation in eastern Asia, most populous. Candidate 3 is Taiwan government. So best sense is 1. Need return exactly {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "world" in phrase "the world's major powers". Context: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies." Here "world's major powers" likely means all countries/major powers of the world (planet), or global major powers. Sense options: 1 everything that exists anywhere; 2 people group with shared interest (Western world); 3 experiences/reality; 4 Earth/globe; 5 people in general/public; 6 part of earth separately; 7 worldly concerns; 8 human race. The phrase "the world's major powers" = the major powers of the world (globe), denotes planet Earth as location of nations. Similar to "he sailed around the world". Could be sense 4 (the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on). Also "developing world" in same sentence uses sense 2 (people in general; distinctive group with shared interest) perhaps. But target occurrence is "world's major powers" not "developing world". It refers to planet all major powers across the globe. So best index 4. Need return JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battle
Target surface form: battle
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battle%1:04:00:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=conflict, fight, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
2. sense_key=battle%1:04:01:: | definition=an energetic attempt to achieve something | synonyms=struggle | examples=getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition
3. sense_key=battle%1:04:02:: | definition=an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine | synonyms=conflict, struggle | examples=the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON only. Need disambiguate 'battle' in context. Sentence: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations..." The battle here is between opposing groups (countries) over climate obligations, not military. It is open clash between opposing groups (sense 3). Could be energetic attempt (sense 2) but 'battle is as much about saving economies...' suggests conflict. 'Feuding over respective obligations' = clash. So sense index 3.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economies
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The target word is "economies" in the context: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations..."

This is clearly using "economies" to refer to countries' economic systems - the system of production and distribution and consumption. It's about saving individual countries' economic systems (China, US, poorer nations, etc.).

Sense 1: "the system of production and distribution and consumption" - synonym "economic system" - this matches perfectly. The battle is about saving individual economic systems/countries' economies.

Sense 2: "the efficient use of resources" - not relevant here.

Sense 3: "frugality in the expenditure of money or resources" - thriftiness - not relevant.

Sense 4: "an act of economizing; reduction in cost" - not relevant.

So the best sense is 1.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "china" (surface form "China") in the given context. I need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidate senses.

Context analysis:
- The text discusses U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern
- Mentions "Obama administration is taking a harder line with China"
- "United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming"
- "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations"
- Mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei"
- This is clearly about the country, the People's Republic of China

Candidate sense 1: "a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world" with synonyms People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
Candidate sense 2: "high quality porcelain originally made only in China" - not relevant
Candidate sense 3: "a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek" - Taiwan, not relevant
Candidate sense 4: "dishware made of high quality porcelain" - not relevant

The context is clearly about the country China, specifically the People's Republic of China. The text mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister" and discusses climate negotiations between the U.S. and China. So sense 1 is the correct answer.

The user wants only a JSON object in the format {"sense_index": 3} but with the correct index. Since sense 1 is the best match, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We have user prompt asking for word sense disambiguation for target lemma united_states, surface form "United States". Context provided. Candidate senses: two senses, 1:15:00 (the country/republic, synonyms United States of America, America, etc.) and 1:14:00 (the federal government, branches, synonyms United States government etc.). Need choose single best. Do not answer with sense key, only JSON {"sense_index": index}. Which candidate sense has what index? Candidate senses listed as 1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: ... 2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: ... The instructions say "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". Since candidates are 1 and 2, likely choose sense_index 1 or 2. We need parse context: In the sentence: "with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist..." Here "China and United States" are countries. Earlier, "The United States is not going to do a deal..." That could be country or government? In WSD, "United States" generally maps to the country sense unless specifically referring to its government. Even phrases like "the United States said" often country metonymy, but in WordNet, the federal government sense is rare. Here "China and United States feuding" = two nations. Should be sense 1 (North American republic). Answer {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obligation
Target surface form: obligations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, responsibility | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being obligated to do or pay something | examples=he is under an obligation to finish the job
3. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00:: | definition=a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor | synonyms=indebtedness
4. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00:: | definition=a written promise to repay a debt | synonyms=debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness
5. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00:: | definition=a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON. Need choose best sense for "obligations" in context. We are English linguist. Let's analyze.

Target lemma obligation, form obligations. Context: China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist ... Also "binding cuts ... obligations" earlier maybe. The phrase "their respective obligations" refers to duties/responsibilities (social/moral/legal) regarding climate action.

Candidate senses:
1. obligation%1:04:00:: definition: the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; synonyms duty, responsibility. Examples include every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation. This is general moral/social duty.
2. obligation%1:26:00:: state of being obligated to do or pay something. Examples "he is under an obligation to finish the job".
3. obligation%1:24:00:: personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor. synonyms indebtedness.
4. obligation%1:21:00:: a written promise to repay a debt; debt instrument.
5. obligation%1:10:00:: a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and penalty for failure.

The context: "feuding over their respective obligations" in climate negotiations. These are obligations to take action, binding cuts. The relevant sense is duty/responsibility (1). It could maybe be legal agreement (5) because climate deals include binding legal obligations? But the phrase "their respective obligations" refers to duties they have. "binding cuts" suggests legal, but the target word in "respective obligations" is like responsibilities. WordNet 1:04:00 is "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force". This fits the social/moral force, as in "every right implies a responsibility... every opportunity, an obligation". So likely sense 1.

Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no additional text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nation
Target surface form: nations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911) | synonyms=Carry Nation, Carry Amelia Moore Nation
4. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes) | examples=the Shawnee nation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "nation" (surface form "nations") in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about climate negotiations, countries, and international relations.
- The specific sentence: "With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic. Examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations"
2. "the people who live in a nation or country" - land, country. Examples: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation"
3. Proper noun - Carry Nation (prohibitionist) - clearly not relevant here
4. "a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes)" - not relevant here

In the context, "poorer nations" refers to countries, politically organized bodies of people under a single government. It's about poorer countries (nation-states) insisting on action. This matches sense 1.

Sense 2 would refer to the people of a nation, e.g., "the nation's mood." But here "poorer nations" are political entities/countries participating in climate negotiations.

So the best sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet sense for target "world" in context: "the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries". It means countries of the world, all countries globally. Which sense corresponds? Options:

1. everything that exists anywhere (universe, existence). No.
2. people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest; examples Western world. Not exactly countries.
3. all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you. No.
4. the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on. Could be "world's countries" means Earth's countries? But "world" here as global community of nations? Sense 4: Earth/globe. Example "he sailed around the world". "The world's major powers" could mean "the major powers of the world (Earth)". Is there sense 6: part of the earth considered separately, e.g., "the world of insects" or "the outdoor world". No.
5. people in general considered as a whole (populace, public). Could be "the world" as people? But target has genitive "world's" modifying countries, so "the world's countries" means countries of the world/Earth. That's sense 4.
8. all living human inhabitants of the earth (human race). Could be "world's two dozen most influential countries" = humankind's countries? Not as good.

Need analyze exact phrase: "the world's two dozen most influential countries". WordNet sense 4 for world: the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on; synonyms Earth, globe. Example "he sailed around the world". The genitive indicates the countries belonging to the Earth/world. That fits sense 4.

But sense 2 "Western world" is group of people with shared interest; could "the world's countries" refer to international community? WordNet sense 2 definition: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest; synonyms domain. That seems more like "the world of fashion" or "the Western world". Not quite.

Sense 5: people in general considered as a whole; examples hero in eyes of public. Not.

Sense 8: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth. "All the world loves a lover". Genitive "world's two dozen countries" would be odd.

Thus best is sense 4 (world%1:17:00::). However, in WordNet, sense key world%1:17:01:: = universe, existence (everything that exists anywhere). Sense 4 = world%1:17:00:: = Earth. We should output JSON {"sense_index": 4}. Need only that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential <t>countries</t> are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "countries" in context: "world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative..." It refers to politically organized bodies/nations. Sense 1: a politically organized body of people under a single government. Sense 2: territory occupied by a nation. Sense 3: the people who live in a nation or country. The surface "countries" with determiner "most influential countries" as entities political actors/governments. It mirrors earlier "industrialized countries", "major emerging economies" etc. In WordNet 3.0, country%1:14:00:: is "a politically organized body of people under a single government"; country%1:15:00:: is territory. The phrase "influential countries" likely sense 1 not territory. Although major powers fighting over obligations, countries as political agents. Answer sense_index 1.{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: imperative
Target surface form: imperative
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific <t>imperative</t> to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=imperative%1:24:00:: | definition=a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior | synonyms=imperative mood, jussive mood, imperative form
2. sense_key=imperative%1:04:00:: | definition=some duty that is essential and urgent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON with sense_index. Target "imperative" in context: "ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action." This is clearly sense 2: duty essential and urgent (noun). Not grammatical mood. So sense_index: 2. Need only JSON. Ensure exact format.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cost
Target surface form: costs
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the <t>costs</t> for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cost%1:21:00:: | definition=the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor
2. sense_key=cost%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold) | synonyms=monetary value, price | examples=the fluctuating monetary value of gold and silver; he puts a high price on his services
3. sense_key=cost%1:07:01:: | definition=value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something | synonyms=price, toll | examples=the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target word "costs" in the given context. Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses.

Target surface form: "costs" (appears in "who should bear the <t>costs</t> for curbing greenhouse gases")

The context is about climate change negotiations, where major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. cost%1:21:00:: - "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor"
2. cost%1:07:00:: - "the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)" | synonyms=monetary value, price
3. cost%1:07:01:: - "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" | synonyms=price, toll | examples="the cost in human life was enormous; the price of success is hard work"

In the context: "fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases"

This is talking about the financial burden/expense of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It's about who pays for it, who bears the economic burden.

Sense 1: "the total spent for goods or services including money and time and labor" - This fits well. "Bear the costs" means to pay for the expenses.

Sense 2: "the property of having material worth" - This is more about valuation, like the price of something. Not really about bearing costs.

Sense 3: "value measured by what must be given or done or undergone to obtain something" - This could potentially fit, but typically refers to sacrifices like "cost in human life" or abstract prices to be paid. In this financial/political context about climate negotiations, it's talking about money and economic burden, not abstract sacrifices.

Between sense 1 and sense 3, the context strongly suggests monetary expenditure, which aligns with sense 1. "Bearing the costs" in this context means paying the financial expenses associated with curbing greenhouse gases.

So the best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable <t>countries</t> have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON with sense_index only. Need choose among 5 senses for target 'countries' in context. Need perform WSD. Let's analyze context.

Paragraph about climate negotiations, Stern, developing countries vs big emitters. The target: "even as vulnerable <t>countries</t> have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions." Referring to nations/politically organized bodies, likely sense 1: a politically organized body of people under a single government. Synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth... The phrase "vulnerable countries" means vulnerable nations. Could be sense 2 territory occupied by a nation? Let's compare.

Sense 1: country = politically organized body of people under a single government. Sense 2: territory occupied by a nation. Sense 3: people who live in a nation. Sense 4: rural area. Sense 5: region.

In environment/UN delegations, "vulnerable countries" refers to nation-states (e.g., small island states). The delegates are from countries. "The major developing countries stepping up and taking action." Earlier "major developing countries" clearly means nations/political entities. So sense index 1.

Need output exact JSON no extras. Ensure no markdown? User says Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So output {"sense_index": 1}.

Check instructions: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." "Return only a JSON object". So final just JSON.

No need explanation. final.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their <t>actions</t>. This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need respond with JSON object {"sense_index": <index>}. Need choose sense for word "actions" in context. Need carefully reason.

Target lemma action, surface form actions. Context: "vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions."

We need choose among candidate senses. Candidates are listed. The phrase "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" refers to actions of emitting countries, likely actual things they have done, especially greenhouse gas emissions or policies. It could be something done (as opposed to something said). The relevant sense is "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" sense 1. Let's inspect definitions.

1. action%1:04:02:: definition: something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples: there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions. This matches "their actions" = things they have done.

Alternative 9: action%1:04:04:: an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples: federal action, UN action. The emitters are countries, but "their actions" not necessarily "acts by a government body". Could be general conducts. In WordNet, sense 9 is a specialized action: act by government body or supranational organization. But "big emitters" are countries; "actions" could refer to government acts. However, phrase "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" is a common collocation for moral responsibility for what they did, not technical government action. The synset something done seems best.

Let's verify WordNet senses: action noun has many synsets. The phrase "actions" in WordNet often maps to sense 1 "something done". Let's consider sense 6: trait of being active man of action. Not plural? Not likely. Sense 4 natural process maybe? no. Sense 2 state of being active. no. Sense 9 "an act by a government body or supranational organization"; examples include "federal action". In context, big emitters are countries (government bodies). "Hold them accountable for their actions" could be governmental actions. But sense 1 is more general. Which single best?

Sense 1 definition "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" emphasizes deeds. In collocation, "accountable for one's actions" = responsible for things one does. The example "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions". This is exactly "their actions". Meanwhile sense 9 "an act by a government body" is a hyponym of sense 1? Actually sense 9 might be action by a government, which is a kind of action (something done). It has domain-specific. The candidate list might include sense 1 and 9. We need choose the best indexed sense.

Let's read surrounding context: "vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions." Big emitters are nations (China, United States). "Hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" means for emissions (polluting) and for climate policies. Could be acts of a government body. But is WordNet sense 9 considered "act by a government body or supranational organization"? If target noun actions refers to the actions of big emitters (countries), sense 9 might be more precise. But phrase "their actions" is generic acts. Need determine from WSD convention.

WordNet sense 9 examples: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues". This sense is maybe "governmental action". Is the UN/government organizations? "Big emitters" are countries, not necessarily supranational or federal. But governments. Does WordNet define sense 9 as "an act by a government body or supranational organization". If big emitters are sovereign nations, that is government bodies. However, "their actions" are maybe emissions, not necessarily official decisions. It could be "something done".

Compare with typical mapping in WSD datasets like SemCor/WordNet. Sentence: "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions." This could be similar to "accountable for their actions" which maps to action%1:04:02 in many WordNet examples? Let's think.

WordNet action sense 1 is "something done (usually as opposed to something said)". It includes example "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions". Synonyms? No other synonyms listed, but it's the general sense. The plural "actions" often in this sense.

Action%1:04:04 has examples "federal action", "United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action". It defines an act by a government body or supranational organization. The word "actions" in "federal actions" would be singular? But plural possible.

Which is used in WSD? The phrase "hold them accountable for their actions" likely sense 1, because of accountability for one's deeds. If the sentence specifically said "government action" or "federal actions" then sense 9. Here "big emitters" is metonymy for countries/governments. But still, it refers to conduct/actions of emitters, not specifically a government act.

Let's also examine sentence earlier: "... while poorer nations insist that... take bolder action." That first occurrence "taking action" and second "take bolder action" likely sense 1 or 2 (state of being active? doing something). The target is third occurrence "their actions". Could also be sense 1.

Let's inspect candidate 1 vs 9. Candidate 1's definition includes "something done (usually as opposed to something said)". Candidate 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization". The phrase "big emitters" are countries. But if we interpret "actions" as emissions and climate policies, they are things countries have done. In WSD, we generally choose the most specific applicable sense. Is there a generic "something done" sense that subsumes sense 9? Sense 9 is a separate hyponym perhaps. The issue: sense 9 could be more specific than sense 1; if the context is countries/governments/emitters, sense 9 fits. But the phrase "their actions" is generic and not explicitly government act. The examples for sense 1 include "murders and other unnatural actions"—things done. Example "hold people accountable for their actions" is not in WordNet but would fit sense 1. Example for sense 9 includes "federal action" and "United Nations action". The context says "big emitters" not "government body". Big emitters entities could be industrialized countries/economies; their actions include emitting. But a country is a political entity/government body. Could be.

Potential trick: The context is climate negotiations and "big emitters" (top emitting countries), so maybe sense 9: act by a government/supranational. Yet "their actions" in "hold them accountable" often maps to sense 1 in WordNet annotated data.

Let's think about WordNet indexing. The sense keys show offset POS. action%1:04:02:: is something done; action%1:04:04:: is governmental. In WordNet, the general action sense, "something done", often the first sense listed. The phrase "for their actions" -> sense 1 scores. The inclusion of sense 9 in candidates might be a distractor. We should choose sense 1.

However, need to be careful: The surface form "actions" is plural. Could WordNet sense 9 be uncountable when "action" refers to process; plural "actions" suggests discrete acts. "something done" (sense 1) often in plural. Sense 9 examples include "action" singular, could be plural? The word "actions" by governmental bodies maybe less common but possible.

Also check the first sentence: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action". That "taking action" is more like doing something, making a move, likely sense 1 or 2 (state of being active). The target is later "actions". The whole paragraph is about countries' conduct. If asked to annotate just target surface, not the others. Could use surrounding words. "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" has strong collocation with sense 1.

Let's parse candidate index list no need to output sense key. The index corresponds to the listed sense order: candidate 1 = action%1:04:02 (something done). Candidate 9 = action%1:04:04. So answer likely {"sense_index": 1}.

But let's not rush; maybe there is a nuance with "actions" in "their actions" = "military engagements"? No. "something done as opposed to words" exactly: " lineno line with China", "comments", "actions". The passage contrasts Stern's comments with countries taking action, actions vs words. There's mention "The move signaled...". The phrase "their actions" aligns "actions" as things done vs "said". Indeed candidate 1 explicitly says usually as opposed to something said. Context has a lot of saying and actions: "Stern also complained", "the text", "comments", "feuding over obligations" "actions". So sense 1 is appropriate.

Let's make final answer only JSON. Ensure no extra text.

But instructions say "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So final response should be just {"sense_index": 1}.

Double-check: Could the best sense be sense 9? Let's simulate WSD with embeddings: "hold the big emitters accountable for their actions" vs sense 1 example "stories of murders and other unnatural actions". vs sense 9 examples "federal action" "United Nations ... organize action". The phrase "big emitters" are countries; sense 9 specifically "act by a government body". But accountability for actions is generalized. WordNet gloss for sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization". Countries are government bodies. However, "big emitters" not necessarily formal government actions; emissions result from economic activities. Also "their actions" are being accountable, akin to moral agency. In idiom "accountable for one's actions", WordNet's action = something done. I think sense 1.

Potential conflict: sense 1 is described as "usually as opposed to something said". Candidate 9 examples: "federal action undermined... Recent federal action". In context, "actions" may refer to concrete steps, not words, again sense 1.

Thus final.