[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute <t>say</t> that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the lemma "say" with target surface form "say". I need to look at the context and choose the best sense from the candidate senses.

Let me read the context carefully. The relevant sentence is:
"In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

So "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells..."

This is a report/news context where researchers are expressing findings. Let's look at each sense:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
This is a very general sense of expressing in words. "They say that X" fits here.

2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
This is reporting/maintaining, often with something like "report" as a synonym. Could fit - they reported/maintained findings. But "allege" has legal connotations.

3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
This is hypothetical. Not the case here - they are stating actual findings.

4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
Not applicable - this is about inanimate objects.

5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
Not applicable - no one is giving instructions.

6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
Not applicable - not about pronunciation.

7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
Not applicable - the painting/face examples show nonverbal communication.

8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
Not quite - this is about uttering specific words.

9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
This is more for suggestions/judgements, often with "I say".

10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
Not applicable - not reciting.

11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
Not applicable - not an inanimate indicator.

So it narrows down to sense 1 or 2.

Sense 1: express in words, synonyms=state, tell. Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her"
Sense 2: report or maintain, synonyms=allege, aver. Example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"

The current sentence: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene."

This is a scientific report. They are reporting findings.

In semantic framing, when researchers publish findings and the newspaper uses "say", it's often closer to "report" or "state".

Looking at the actual WordNet senses: sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) is "express in words" - this is the most common general sense. Sense 2 (say%2:32:01::) is "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver".

The key is whether the researchers are just "expressing in words" or "reporting/maintaining" a claim.

In the context of a scientific report, "say" often functions as "report", "state", or "claim". But in WordNet, sense 1 is the general one, and sense 2 is more specific to "report or maintain" with connotations of "allege/aver".

Let me look at the examples again for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is more an assertion/claim. The example for sense 2 with "allege/aver" suggests this is when someone is making a claim that may need to be believed/taken on authority.

For sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is just expressing something in words.

In our context, the scientists are reporting scientific findings. They are asserting a factual claim based on their research. The paraphrase "They report that about half the cells..." works well. The paraphrase "They express in words that about half the cells..." works but is awkward. "They state that about half the cells..." also works.

Adverbs like "in a report" strengthen the "report" connection. However, WordNet sense 1 might still be the most common annotation for such instances.

I need to think about what the researchers would annotate. In the SemCor/WordNet sense dataset, the verb "say" in news reporting contexts where someone makes a statement or claim is often sense 1 (express in words) when it's just communication, but sense 2 (report/maintain) when there's reporting of a position.

Given the synonym "report" and the context "In a report out last week", this strongly aligns with sense 2: "report or maintain". The sentence says "In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues ... say that about half..." - the collocation "in a report" + "say" matches the definition "report".

Also, earlier in the text: "says Robert Weinberg" - that's sense 1 or 2. "The scientists say that since..." - probably sense 2, reporting their analysis/opinion.

For the target specifically: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells..." - this is a report of findings in a published report.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because:
1. They are reporting findings
2. The phrase "in a report" suggests reporting
3. The content is a scientific claim/position being maintained
4. Synonyms "report" and "maintain" fit better than the very general "express in words"

Actually, let me reconsider. In many WSD tasks, "say" in reporting speech (like "scientists say that X") is often annotated with sense 1. But sense 2 specifically says "report or maintain" and includes examples like "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" which is a reported claim.

Hmm. The question is whether "report" is the right paraphrase. "Researchers reported that about half the cells..." - yes, this is natural scientific reporting language. So sense 2 is appropriate.

But if we look at the structure, "in a report" is a noun phrase, and "say" is the verb. So "say" itself means what they do in the report, which is to report their findings.

Given the strong clue "in a report" and the synonyms "report" and "maintain", I choose sense 2.

Wait, but sense 1 has synonyms "state, tell". "Researchers stated that..." also works. And example "He said that he wanted to marry her" - parallel structure with "say that X".

In WordNet, sense 1 is the most frequent sense and covers general utterances. Sense 2 is specifically when the utterance is a report or maintained claim.

The scientists are making a scientific claim. In a report. So both fit.

But "allege/aver" as synonyms for sense 2 have connotations of claiming without proof or declaring formally. Scientific reports are formal declarations of findings. "Aver" means to assert or declare. This fits.

I think the strongest distinguishing factor is the collocation with "report" in the context. The phrase "In a report... say" maps directly to "report". So sense 2.

Let me also look at sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - "I say let's forget this whole business". This is about giving opinions or making declarations. Scientific findings could be declarations.

But sense 2's "report or maintain" seems more aligned with reporting scientific findings.

Final answer: sense 2.

Actually, I want to double-check by looking at the examples. For sense 2, the example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is a journalist reporting what someone said about a situation. Very similar to our context where a journalist is reporting what scientists said about cancer cells.

For sense 1, "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is direct reporting of someone's statement/desire, often in a personal context.

Given the journalistic/reporting context, sense 2 seems more precise.

I'll go with sense 2.

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target "about" in sentence: "...say that <t>about</t> half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." This is of quantities imprecise but fairly close to correct: approximately half. So sense 1. Need return JSON only.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the <t>cells</t> taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer Word Sense Disambiguation. Target surface cells in context about lung cancer tissue, missing gene in cells. Clearly biological cells. Candidate sense 2 biology basic structural and functional unit. Need JSON {"sense_index": 2}. No explanation. Final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells <t>taken</t> from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for target "taken" in sentence: "about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." Also second occurrence "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." The target surface form is taken. We need choose among candidate senses list numbered 1-42. Which sense best matches "cells taken from lung cancer tissue"? It means cells removed/extracted from tissue. Candidate sense 17: definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper. That seems "cells taken from tissue" = removed from tissue. But there is also sense 8: take into one's possession. Sense 24: ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial (e.g., take a pulse; reading was taken). But "cells taken from tissue" is physically removed. Could be sense 17. Need decide if any other sense closer. Sense 30: have with oneself; have on one's person - no. Sense 20: make use of or accept for some purpose - no. Sense 14: require - no. Sense 2: require time/space - no. Sense 40: proceed along in a vehicle - no. So best is 17.

Need ensure response only JSON {"sense_index": 17}. No explanation. The instructions say do not answer with WordNet sense key. Return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Good.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to disambiguate the word "tissue" in the given context. Let me analyze:

Context: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer <t>tissue</t> they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

Candidate senses:
1. tissue%1:08:00:: = part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. tissue%1:27:02:: = a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

The context is clearly about cancer, cells, biology, organs (lung, kidney, brain, skin). "Tissue" here refers to biological tissue, not tissue paper. The text mentions "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" and "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

So the best sense is sense 1.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since the index should be 1 for the first sense, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: test
Target surface form: tested
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "tested" in context: "about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." The target lemma test, surface tested. The scientists tested cells taken from lung cancer tissue. They presumably examined/analyzed cells for presence of gene? They tested cells = put them to test/examined them. Candidate senses:
1. put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; synonyms prove, try, try out, examine, essay. Example: "Test this recipe". This broad sense includes examine something for quality.
2. test or examine for the presence of disease or infection; examples screen blood for HIV. This is medical diagnostic screening. They tested cells/tissue not for disease, but for gene presence maybe.
6. determine the presence or properties of (a substance). This seems also relevant: determining presence of p53 gene in cells/tissue. But WordNet gloss "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)" examples? Could be test for oxygen. In context cells taken from tissue they tested. They determined whether the gene is present. Which sense best? Let's examine WordNet senses for verb test.
Need fine-grained WSD. Let's understand subtle differences.
Sense 1 test%2:41:00:: "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to" synonyms prove, try, try out, examine, essay. This is general: test a recipe, test a product. It can include examine for quality. But does it fit testing tissue? "Cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested" They tested cells (biological specimens) for genetic characteristics. That's more specific sense 2 or 6.
Sense 2 test%2:41:01:: "test or examine for the presence of disease or infection" synonyms screen. Examples screen blood for HIV. This is medical screening of patient/samples for disease/infection. But here not disease/infection but gene.
Sense 6 test%2:32:08:: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)". This sense might be used in chemistry/biology: "test for oxygen", "test the water for lead". It determines presence/properties of substances. But target is cells/tissue, not a substance? Could be "cells" as biological material. The gene is the substance? Hmm.
Sense 7 test%2:31:06:: "undergo a test" examples She doesn't test well. This is intransitive with subject as test-taker. Not applicable.
Sense 4/5 intransitive. Not applicable.
So likely sense 1 or 6. Need to use examples, synonyms. The phrase "cells ... they tested" in scientific context. If we treat as "examine/analyze cells to determine presence of gene," sense 6 is most precise: determine presence or properties of a substance. But the object is "cells" not substance; they tested cells to see if gene missing. However WordNet gloss schematic: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)" with object a substance. Here object is cells/tissue, a biological sample; arguably a substance. Let's inspect whether sense 1 might be more common for "tested cells". "Test the water" is sense 6? In WordNet, "test" with object for presence/properties, e.g. "The biologist tested the soil". Likely sense 6.
Let's search memory of WordNet verb test senses. test.v.01: put to the test. test.v.02: test or examine for the presence of disease or infection. test.v.03: examine someone's knowledge of something. test.v.04: show a certain characteristic when tested. test.v.05: achieve a certain score. test.v.06: determine the presence or properties of (a substance). test.v.07: undergo a test.
The noun etc.
For "tested the blood" might map to sense 2 if screening for disease; but "tested the water" maps to sense 6. "tested the tissue" for missing gene maps to sense 6: determine presence/properties of substance/gene in tissue. But they tested cells (not gene directly). However "cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested" means the tissue/cells underwent testing (analysis). In a broad sense, they analyzed them. That could be sense 1: examine. The word "examine" appears as synonym of sense 1. Also "test this recipe" implies experimental use. But in scientific articles, "tested tissue samples" often means analyzed them to determine something. Is that sense 1? Let's see examples: sense 1 examples "This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe". It focuses on trying out. Sense 6 examples maybe "test the water for lead". The context is exactly looking for missing gene (presence of gene), so sense 6 is more specific. The instruction says choose single best indexed sense; use context, examples, synonyms. Since presence/property determination is the purpose, sense 6.
But object "cells" not "substance". Yet cells/tissue are substances/materials. p53 gene presence is property/presence. The phrase "they tested are missing this gene" indicates testing determined presence of gene. So sense 6.
Let's consider sense 2: "test or examine for the presence of disease or infection". They test cells from cancer tissue for presence of missing gene; not disease/infection. The missing gene relates to cancer, but they are examining tissue/genetic mutations, not screening for disease. So not 2.
Thus answer {"sense_index": 6}. Need return only JSON object exactly like. Do not answer with sense key. Final answer only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: miss
Target surface form: missing
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=miss%2:39:00:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
2. sense_key=miss%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
3. sense_key=miss%2:42:01:: | definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
4. sense_key=miss%2:31:00:: | definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
5. sense_key=miss%2:38:00:: | definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
6. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
7. sense_key=miss%2:35:00:: | definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target
8. sense_key=miss%2:42:02:: | definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
9. sense_key=miss%2:32:00:: | definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for target lemma miss surface missing in context: biological text about cancer cells missing p53 gene. Candidate senses. Need decide between sense 6 be without/lack (This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!) and sense 8 be absent (The child had been missing for a week), maybe sense 1 fail to perceive? Let's parse sentence: "about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene." The gene is absent/not present in cells. The participle missing here means lacking or absent. WordNet sense 6: be without; synonyms lack; examples "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!" That fits "the cells are missing this gene" = cells lack this gene. Sense 8: be absent; example "The child had been missing for a week" is about disappearance/absence of subject from place. In "missing p53 genes in tissue" (modifies genes absent) and "cells are missing this gene", the cells are the subject, not the gene absent itself. Sense 6 likely best. Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 6}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON with sense_index. Need determine best sense for "reports" in context. Context: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." This is "reports" as plural noun meaning information/accounts communicated, maybe written documents or findings. Candidate senses: 1 written document describing findings of some individual/group (study, written report). 2 act of informing by verbal report (account). 3 short account of the news (news report, story). 4 explosive sound. 5 report card. 6 essay. 7 reputation.

Here "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished" likely means written/scientific reports or accounts of findings. Sense 1 definition: a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; synonyms study, written report. Since labs produce unpublished reports describing findings. Sense 2: act of informing by verbal report, "he heard reports that they were causing trouble". Sense 3: short account of the news; likely not news. In scientific context, "reports" are written documents/findings. Best sense index 1.

Need output only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer with JSON object only. Need choose best sense for "yet" in phrase "as yet unpublished". Candidates:
1. up to the present time; "I have yet to see..." details are yet to be worked out.
2. used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time; synonyms: so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet; examples "So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet".
3. degree/comparison.
4. indefinite future time.
5. after superlative.
6. despite/concession.

Phrase "as yet unpublished" is a negative statement (unpublished = negative) and the synonym list explicitly includes "as yet". Sense 2 fits. Sense 1 also up to present time but not specifically negative; though it could fit "as yet". However examples for sense 1: "I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out" include negation-like? "have yet to see" implies not yet. But sense 2 explicitly gives "as yet" as synonyms and used in negative statement. The phrase "as yet unpublished" is indeed a negative statement (unpublished). So sense 2 is best. We need output {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The question asks to choose the best indexed sense for the word "tissue" in context. Target word "tissue" appears in "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." This is in a biology/medical context: tissue taken from cancers, i.e., part of an organism consisting of aggregate of cells. Sense 1: part of an organism consisting of aggregate of cells having similar structure and function. Sense 2: tissue paper. Context clearly sense 1. So answer {"sense_index":1}. They say return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. We must return only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "taken" in this biomedical context. The target surface form is "taken" (past participle of take), and the context is about cancer research tissue samples.

The relevant sentence: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

So "taken" here means tissue that was removed/extracted/obtained from patients/cancer patients. In a medical/research context, "taken from" means removed or obtained/extracted from.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. carry out action
2. require time/space
3. take somebody somewhere
4. get into one's hands, take physically
5. take on form/aspect
6. interpret
7. take something or somebody with oneself somewhere (bring/convey)
8. take into one's possession
9. travel by transportation/route
10. pick out/select
11. receive willingly
12. assume position/role
13. take into consideration
14. require as useful/just/proper
15. experience/feel/submit to
16. make film/photograph
17. remove something concrete or abstract (synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw)
18. consume/ingest
19. accept or undergo unwillingly
20. make use of/accept
21. take by force
22. occupy/take on
23. admit into group
24. ascertain by measuring
25. be student of
26. claim/exact as consequence
27. head into direction
28. aim/direct
29. be seized/affected
30. have with oneself
31. engage for service
32. receive/obtain regularly
33. buy/select
34. get into position of having
35. have sex with
36. lay claim to
37. be designed to hold/take
38. be capable of holding
39. develop habit
40. proceed along in vehicle
41. obtain by winning
42. contract illness

The phrase "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers" - here tissue is physically removed/extracted from cancer patients/bodies. So it's about physically taking/removing something.

Looking at the candidates:
- Sense 4: "get into one's hands, take physically" - grabbing with hands physically. But "tissue taken from" is more about surgical removal or extraction.
- Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract" - synonyms remove, take away, withdraw. This fits well with "tissue taken from" meaning tissue removed/extracted from the body.
- Sense 8: "take into one's possession" - this is also close, obtaining possession.
- Sense 21: "take by force" - no, not force.
- Sense 14: "require" - no, that's temporal "it took 3 hours".

The phrase "taken from" is key. "Tissue taken from [cancers/body]" means tissue removed/obtained from patients. This is most closely related to the "remove" sense.

Sense 17 definition: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract" with synonyms: remove, take away, withdraw. Examples: "remove a threat; remove a wrapper".

Actually, the example given is "remove a threat; remove a wrapper" but the context of tissue removal from a body fits this sense well - removing/excising tissue.

Sense 8: "take into one's possession" - examples "We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks". This could work for "taking tissue" as obtaining possession. But "taken from" specifically in medical extraction context is more a removal/extraction.

In WordNet, "take" sense 17 (take%2:30:00::) is the "remove" sense. In the gloss "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract; 'remove a threat'; 'remove a wrapper'".

The phrase "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers" strongly suggests removal/extraction. The tissue is removed from the cancerous tissue or from the patient. This is clearly sense 17.

But wait, is there a sense specifically for "take a sample/take a biopsy"? In WordNet, taking a sample might fall under sense 4 ("take physically; get hold of") or sense 17 ("remove"). Let me think.

"Take" in "take a tissue sample" is often classified as the "obtain by removing" sense, which is sense 17 in this list.

Actually looking again at the glosses, sense 17 says "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract". The word "tissue" is concrete and being removed from the body. This is the best fit.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 17}.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for 'brain' in context: "kidney, brain and skin cancers". This is anatomical part of body, the organ. Sense 1: part of central nervous system, encephalon. Sense 5: brain as meat. Here talking about tissue taken from cancers (medical biology), organ. So sense index 1. Return JSON only.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "at_the_same_time". I need to choose between sense 1 and sense 2.

Let me analyze the context:
The passage discusses various cancer research findings:
- p53 gene implicated in breast cancer
- p53 implicated in lung cancer
- reports of missing p53 in kidney, brain, skin cancers
- "At the same time", Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes

Sense 1: "at the same instant" - means happening simultaneously, at the exact same moment
Sense 2: "overlapping in duration" - means happening concurrently over a period of time

In the context, "At the same time" introduces that while all this p53 research is happening, other researchers are also working on finding other tumor-suppressor genes. This isn't about events happening at the exact same instant. It's about events happening concurrently/overlapping in duration (during the same general time period).

The synonym for sense 2 is "concurrently" which fits better here than "simultaneously". Example for sense 2: "going to school and holding a job at the same time" - this is about two ongoing activities happening during overlapping periods, which matches our context.

The best sense is sense 2.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The target word "team" is used in the context of "the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes." This refers to a group of researchers working together, which aligns with sense 1: "a cooperative unit (especially in sports)" with synonym "squad." Sense 2 refers to draft animals, which is clearly inappropriate here.

The answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
3. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
6. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need provide JSON object with sense_index for target "rushing" lemma rush. Need choose best indexed sense among candidate senses. Context: scientists are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes, hopes soon to isolate one. "rushing" here means moving/acting with haste, perhaps WordNet rush%2:38:00 move fast, or %2:30:00 act or move at high speed. Need disambiguate between sense 1 (move fast physical) and sense 4 (act or move at high speed; generalized). The subject: team and others (researchers) are rushing to pinpoint genes. This is moving quickly to do something. WordNet sense 4 definition: act or move at high speed; synonyms hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate; examples We have to rush!; hurry--it's late! It is intransitive? Sense 4 seems intransitive maybe followed by infinitive? They are rushing to pinpoint other genes. "rush to do something" = act quickly. Sense 1 move fast is physical movement (feet). Could also fit since "rushing to pinpoint". But the object is an action not a location. In WordNet, rush%2:38:00 (move fast) frames: ? The examples are physical movement down hall, cars race. rush%2:30:00 (hasten) includes "We have to rush!" and hurry. If followed by an infinitive clause "to pinpoint", it likely corresponds to sense 4 (act/move at high speed). The target surface "rushing" in progressive; "are rushing to pinpoint". So best sense is 4. Need return {"sense_index": 4}. Ensure JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON. The task: choose best indexed sense for "other" in context. Context: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes." The sense means not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; additional, different. Candidate 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied". That fits. The other senses are past, strange, etc. So index 1. Output JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "hopes" in the given context. I need to choose the best indexed sense from the three candidates and return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

Let me analyze the context:

The passage is about scientists researching cancer genes. Specifically:
"Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."

So Dr. Vogelstein "hopes soon to isolate one [a tumor-suppressor gene]".

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

The structure here is "hopes to isolate one on chromosome 18". This is followed by an infinitive "to isolate".

Sense 3's example is "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening" - which also uses "hope to [verb]" structure. The definition is "intend with some possibility of fulfilment".

Sense 1 is "expect and wish" - example "I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise" uses bare indicative clause.
Sense 2 is "be optimistic" - example "I am still hoping" uses gerund.

The target phrase "hopes soon to isolate one" clearly uses "hope + infinitive" structure, which aligns with sense 3's example "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening".

But wait, let me think more carefully. Is sense 3 "intend with some possibility of fulfilment"? Is Dr. Vogelstein "intending" to isolate a gene? That seems like a good fit. He's saying he hopes/plans/aims to isolate one soon.

Actually, in common English usage, "hope to do X" can overlap with multiple senses. But WordNet has specific sense distinctions:

- Sense 1: "expect and wish" - probably used with "that" clauses or objects (e.g., "I hope you understand", "I hope for a raise")
- Sense 2: "be optimistic; be full of hope" - intransitive, often "hoping" alone
- Sense 3: "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" - used with infinitive "to [verb]"

Given the infinitive structure "hopes to isolate", sense 3 is the best fit. The definition "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" matches well with someone saying they plan/aim to do something soon.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.

Wait, I should double-check by looking at the exact wording. "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."

"Soon to isolate" = "to isolate soon". So this is "hopes to [do something]" structure. That fits sense 3.

Yes, sense_index: 3 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "involved" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
The passage is about cancer research and genes. The specific sentence is: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer."

The target "involved" here means that the gene on chromosome 18 is connected/associated with colon cancer, participating in or associated with the disease.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
   - This fits well. The gene is "connected by association" with colon cancer.

2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire
   - Doesn't fit. Not about being hindered.

3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
   - Doesn't fit. Not about emotional attachment.

4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate
   - Doesn't fit. Not describing complexity.

5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped
   - Doesn't fit. Not about being enveloped.

The best sense is clearly sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use". The chromosome 18 gene is associated with/involved in colon cancer.

I need to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: close
Target surface form: close
Context:
The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5. Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=close%3:00:01:: | definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon; how close are we to town?
2. sense_key=close%3:00:02:: | definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family; we are all...in close sympathy with...
3. sense_key=close%3:00:05:: | definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | synonyms=near, nigh | examples=near neighbors; in the near future
4. sense_key=close%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision; paid close attention
5. sense_key=close%5:00:00:accurate:00 | definition=marked by fidelity to an original | synonyms=faithful | examples=a close translation; a faithful copy of the portrait
6. sense_key=close%5:00:00:equal:00 | definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | synonyms=tight | examples=a close contest; a close election
7. sense_key=close%5:00:00:confined:00 | definition=crowded | synonyms=confining | examples=close quarters
8. sense_key=close%5:00:00:unventilated:00 | definition=lacking fresh air | synonyms=airless, stuffy, unaired | examples=a dusty airless attic; the dreadfully close atmosphere
9. sense_key=close%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=of textiles | synonyms=tight | examples=a close weave; smooth percale with a very tight weave
10. sense_key=close%5:00:00:restrained:00 | definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. sense_key=close%5:00:00:private:00 | definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. sense_key=close%5:00:00:tight:01 | definition=fitting closely but comfortably | synonyms=snug, close-fitting | examples=a close fit
13. sense_key=close%5:00:00:short:01 | definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. sense_key=close%5:00:00:stingy:00 | definition=giving or spending with reluctance | synonyms=cheeseparing, near, penny-pinching, skinny | examples=our cheeseparing administration; very close (or near) with his money
15. sense_key=close%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | synonyms=closelipped, closemouthed, secretive, tightlipped | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose best sense for "close" in sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5." The phrase "are close to finding" means near in progress/relevance, not far distant in time/degree. Candidate senses: 1 at or within short distance in space/time or having elements near each other. 2 close in relevance or relationship. 3 not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; synonyms near, nigh. Which best? "close to finding" = near to finding, not far distant in degree/progress. Sense 3 includes degree/circumstances. Sense 1 includes short distance in space/time. Sense 2 relevance/relationship. The construction "close to V-ing" usually means nearly, almost, near in degree/time. WordNet sense 3 definition: not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; synonyms near, nigh. Examples: near neighbors; in the near future. This fits "close to finding". Sense 1 examples "close to noon; how close are we to town?" also spatial/temporal. But "close to finding" is degree/proximity in abstract progress. Sense 3 likely. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare