[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the <t>discovery</t> of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose single best indexed sense for target lemma discovery, surface form discovery, in context.

We need analyze sentence: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops." The discovery of these genes = the act or result? Candidate senses:
1. the act of discovering something (syn find, uncovering). 2. something that is discovered. 3. productive insight (breakthrough, find). 4. law sense.

"the discovery of these genes" refers to the fact/event that these genes have been discovered, could be act or result. Sense 1 is act of discovering. Sense 2 is something discovered. The phrase "discovery of these genes" typically means the act/event of finding them; "these genes" are the discovered objects, not the discovery itself. If sense 2, you'd say "these genes are a discovery". Here "discovery of these genes" is a noun+of-complement. Could be act. But WordNet sense 3 productive insight: "the discovery of these genes" as a breakthrough. Example? Context: "painting a new and startling picture" implies understanding/breakthrough. Synonym "breakthrough". But target "discovery" in phrase "the discovery of these genes" could be the finding itself, i.e., productive insight? Let's examine WordNet senses.

WordNet 3.1 discovery:
- Sense 1: the act of discovering something. syn: find, uncovering.
- Sense 2: something that is discovered.
- Sense 3: a productive insight. syn: breakthrough, find.

Glosses:
Sense 1 "the act of discovering something" examples? "the discovery of argon", "the discovery of new genes". Probably "discovery of these genes" maps to sense 1. Sense 2 "something that is discovered" example? "the Yankees made a discovery of rare value". Sense 3 "a productive insight" example? "the discovery of argon was a breakthrough". Hmm.

The phrase "the discovery of these genes" could be both act and insight. Need determine best indexed sense. The sentence: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes..." The "discovery" as event is what provides understanding. "Productive insight" fits painting a picture. But "of these genes" indicates discovered entities. In WSD tasks, "the discovery of X" is often sense 1, the act. Let's look at WordNet examples.

discovery%1:04:00:: noun.act: the act of discovering something; synonyms: find, uncovering. Examples: "Robert Hooke's paper on the discovery of the cell", "the discovery of argon". This sense is used for "the discovery of X" where X is what is discovered. discovery%1:10:00:: noun.cognition? Actually something discovered. Example: "the archeological find was a discovery". sense 3 noun.cognition productive insight synonyms breakthrough, find. Examples: "the discovery of penicillin was a major breakthrough".

The target phrase "the discovery of these genes" could be tagged as sense 1. However, the context emphasizes its impact (painting a new picture; expected to produce strategies), aligning with "productive insight/breakthrough" sense 3. But the syntax "discovery of these genes" is more about act/event, not necessarily insight. Which is best? Let's examine definitions: Sense 3: "a productive insight" = a significant advance in knowledge/understanding. The discovery itself (of these genes) as a result is an insight. In this scientific context, it's a breakthrough. But note that "these genes" are the discovered objects, not the insight. But the phrase can still mean "the finding of these genes" which leads to insight. WordNet sense 1 includes "find" as synonym, but sense 3 also synonyms "find".

Need resolve with examples and context. Fine-grained WSD: "discovery" in "the discovery of these genes". In SemCor maybe? Let's try recall WordNet sense examples and typical tagging. For word "discovery":
- "the discovery of a process for making high-quality steel" likely sense 1.
- "this discovery has far-reaching implications" maybe sense 3? Actually "this discovery" refers to something discovered? Let's check.

Search memory: WordNet examples for sense 3: "the discovery of penicillin was a major breakthrough". That phrase "the discovery of penicillin" is act/event of discovering penicillin, but it calls it productive insight. Sense 1 examples include "the discovery of argon". Both can have "of X". So grammatical phrase not enough.

Context: "Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which... Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding..." This is not just act, but a scientific finding that yields understanding and strategies. It seems like a "productive insight" or "breakthrough" (sense 3). However, phrase "the discovery of these genes" is essentially the uncovering of genes. But the "discovery" as a noun could mean the thing discovered (the genes and their roles) that paints picture. Sense 2: something that is discovered. Could "the discovery of these genes" be the set of discovered facts? Actually "the discovery" refers to the act or fact discovered. "of these genes" specifies content. The "discovery" event/fact paints picture.

Need be careful: Candidate 1 definition "the act of discovering something". The sentence: "the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture" - could be act. It has temporal modifier "in recent months" suggesting event. So sense 1. Sense 3 "a productive insight" maybe more abstract (not necessarily event). "in recent months" modifies act. "is painting a picture" personifies the discovery as an event. I'd lean sense 1. But is there an established boundary: sense 1 = act; sense 3 = result/insight. The context emphasizes new understanding and strategies, which may favor sense 3.

Let's examine usage examples for sense 1 vs 3 from WordNet:
- discovery%1:04:00:: noun.act: "the act of discovering something" synonyms: find, uncovering.
- discovery%1:09:00:: noun.cognition: "a productive insight" synonyms: breakthrough, find. Examples maybe "the discovery of a gene for longevity".

If target is "discovery of these genes" and context says "is painting a new and startling picture", that is a productive insight. Productive insight = discovery that leads to new knowledge/approaches. This exactly: "expected to produce an array of new strategies". Thus sense 3 might be best. But consider that sense 1 also includes "find" as synonym and examples of discoveries leading to insights. Many dictionaries: discovery act vs result. WordNet's sense 3 is narrower: productive insight (breakthrough), not every act. The discovery of genes is a breakthrough. The phrase "productive insight" synonyms breakthrough, find. It might be the "new picture". Also "find" is ambiguous.

We need to answer only JSON with sense_index. The instruction says choose single best indexed sense, do not hedge. We must decide. Let's think about linguistic nuance: "discovery" as an act cannot itself be a "productive insight" unless the result. But here "the discovery of these genes" refers to the result/finding, not the process. The sentence isn't describing the act (scientists discovered genes), but the impact of that finding. "discovery" is the new knowledge that these genes exist. In WordNet, sense 2 "something that is discovered" would be the facts/genes discovered. But the phrase "discovery of these genes" is not "these genes are the discovery" but "the finding that these genes are involved". The "discovery" is a body of findings. Sense 2 examples: "the Yankees made a discovery of rare value"; "the Venus de Milo was one of the great archaeological discoveries of the 19th century". Here discovery is a concrete/abstract thing discovered. "Discovery of these genes" = the genes are discovered? Could be the genes themselves as discoveries. But the sentence says "is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops", the discovery (the finding) paints a picture, not the genes themselves. The discovery as a finding is a productive insight (sense 3). Sense 2 would treat "discovery" as object discovered, e.g., "the discovery of these genes" = the discovered genes. Then "is painting a picture" would be odd if the genes are the painting subject? Actually "the discovery of these genes" could mean the discovered genes, but the verb "is painting a picture" then refers to the genes? No, the head noun is "discovery", so the subject is the discovery. So sense 2 less likely.

Between sense 1 and 3. Let's search mental SemCor annotations. I recall "discovery" annotated in many contexts. In "the discovery of new lands" sense 1. In "his discovery was a turning point" maybe sense 3. "Discovery" in scientific breakthrough often sense 3 if explicitly called breakthrough or productive. But here not explicitly "breakthrough". However "painting a new and startling picture" and "expected to produce new strategies" conveys breakthrough quality.

Let's parse: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops." This says the discovery (act or fact) is painting a picture. The fact that these genes have been discovered gives a picture. That's an insight. "Productive insight" = an insight that is productive, i.e., leads to further developments. The following sentence says "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies". So "emerging understanding" parallels discovery.

The phrase "discovery of these genes in recent months" - temporal "in recent months" suggests the act happened recently. The act of discovering these genes. Sense 1 captures that. Sense 3 "productive insight" is atemporal. But you can say "the discovery ... in recent months" as the occurrence of a breakthrough.

I think for WordNet WSD, "the discovery of X" where X is the thing found is typically sense 1. Let's confirm with known data from OntoNotes/SEM. In OntoNotes, "discovery" senses? I know WordNet sense 1 is most frequent. "the discovery of a new planet" sense 1. "a remarkable discovery" sense 2 maybe. "a major discovery" sense 3? Let's look at WordNet examples: sense 3: "the discovery of America by Columbus"; "the discovery of penicillin was a major breakthrough". Actually not sure. Let's reconstruct WordNet data.

WordNet 3.1 synsets for "discovery":
- noun.act 100725255? discovery, find, uncovering (the act of discovering something).
- noun.cognition? 105829235? discovery (something that is discovered).
- noun.cognition 105828? discovery, breakthrough, find (a productive insight).

Examples from WordNet:
1. "the discovery of a new species" maybe.
2. "he saw that the new theory was a major discovery"
3. "the discovery of DNA structure led to many advances".

Without exact examples, we infer. The phrase "discovery of these genes" as act/event strongly matches sense 1. Context about impact may be incidental. WSD task: choose based on target word meaning. "Discovery" here means the act of discovering these genes. If we ask "What kind of discovery?" It's a scientific discovery; not necessarily breakthrough. The sentence treats the discovery as an event/research outcome that paints a picture. In WordNet's three senses, the noun.act vs noun.cognition can be subtle. However, "the discovery of these genes in recent months" = uncovering of these genes. The temporal modifier "in recent months" and verb "is painting" (present consequence) suggest a dynamic event, best noun.act.

Also synonyms: sense 1 synonyms find, uncovering. The verb in context is "uncover" used earlier ("starting to uncover a handful of genes"). The noun discovery likely corresponds to uncovering. This points to sense 1.

Therefore best indexed sense is 1. But if we consider the "productive insight" as the picture, sense 3 could be chosen. Let's weigh.

Instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." They give synonyms. For sense 1: find, uncovering. The context explicitly uses "uncover" for scientists. The discovery is the uncovering of genes. That strongly matches sense 1. For sense 3: breakthrough, find. The context says "painting a new and startling picture" = breakthrough? Could be. But "find" also overlaps. Yet "uncovering" is directly in context. Also phrase "in recent months" (act). So sense 1.

I will answer sense_index 1. Ensure JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in <t>recent</t> months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for word 'recent' in context. Need choose single best indexed sense among two candidates. We need output JSON like {"sense_index": 3} but only two candidates present. The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index". Choose single best indexed sense. The user gave 1 and 2. We should output index 1 or 2.

Let's analyze target 'recent' in sentence: 'in recent months'. That means the months that have just gone by, just previous to the present, not long ago. Candidate 1: sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 definition=new examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house. This sense implies newly made/recently arrived/ contemporary, noun? Example recent graduates = new (newly created/formed) graduates; a recent addition to the house means newly added. Candidate 2: definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; synonyms=late; examples=a late development; their late quarrel. This sense is more about "not long past".

The WordNet sense for recent: typical senses: recent (newly made/formed/created) vs recent (of the immediate past). In phrase "in recent months", it refers to the past months immediately preceding present, so sense 2. The synonym "late" clinched. Example "a late development" means recent in past sense. So output index 2.

Need ensure JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 2}. Noextra text.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Together

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent <t>months</t> is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer with JSON object {"sense_index": index}. The user asks WSD for target lemma month, surface months. Context: "in recent months". Candidate senses: 1 calendar month (one of twelve divisions of calendar year), 2 a time unit of approximately 30 days. Need choose best. "in recent months" refers to the previous several calendar months, or a period of time. Both could fit. Which sense is best? WordNet: month%1:28:00:: "a time unit of approximately 30 days" vs month%1:28:01:: "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year". The plural "months" in "recent months" often means calendar months, but could be approximate 30-day periods. Since it's "recent months" tied to calendar, maybe sense 1. However examples: sense 2 example "he was given a month to pay the bill" - duration. Sense1 example "he paid the bill last month" - calendar month. "in recent months" similar to "last month" -> calendar divisions. So choose sense 1. Need return only JSON.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a <t>new</t> and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet-like indexed sense for target 'new' in context: "painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops." We must return JSON only sense_index.

We are linguistic. Need analyze context. The phrase "a new and startling picture" means a picture/model that has not been seen before, original, fresh, novel? Could be sense 1: recently come into being/discovered. But picture is not long duration? The discovery in recent months is painting a new picture = a new understanding just discovered. However synonyms: sense 2: original and of a kind not seen before; fresh, novel. Which is better? "new and startling picture" = a previously unknown/unprecedented representation. WordNet sense new%3:00:00:: = not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. The phrase "picture" is conceptual representation not a physical object. "New picture" in sense 1: picture that has only recently been created/discovered. "Painting a new picture of how cancer develops" due to emerging understanding. It could be a 'new' law 'new cars' examples. Sense 2 has examples: completely novel proof of a well-known theorem. 'original and of a kind not seen before.' That might be too strong (novelty). Context says 'startling' and 'emerging understanding' suggests newly emerging, not necessarily no precedent. The recent discovery is painting a new picture = updated, recently changed. Sense 1 base adjective of temporally recent, including discovered. The unaccustomed/ unfamiliar sense 11 ('new experiences') could fit 'new to science'? But here 'new picture' = a different/never-before-seen image. Still sense 1 covers 'having just been made or discovered'. Need decide.

Let's examine WN senses. 'new%3:00:00::' is central sense: not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered. Examples a new law; new cars. This fits attributive adjective: a new picture of how cancer develops (just recently developed/discovered). Could be sense 5: other than the former one(s); different. Example: they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles. This sense refers to replacement/different from former one, often with noun that previously had another instance. "a new picture" if there was an old picture; cancer understanding is replacing old picture, so sense 5 might apply: other than the former picture; different. But context: "painting a new and startling picture" of how cancer develops. The prior view existed, now new view. But word new there often means novel/unlike old. Which sense is best in WordNet? Let's analyze exact definitions.

Sense 1 "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered." Does this apply to an abstract picture (representation)? It can, yes, a picture that has recently come into existence. But sense 5 "other than the former one(s); different" exactly: "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old". Note second example shows 'new' can refer to ownership change, not recently made. This sense is about replacement/different, not recency. In "painting a new picture" we are creating a representation, not replacement? It could be replacing the old understanding. With the discovery, the picture is new and different from previous conceptions. Does WordNet distinguish "a new picture" in sense 5 vs 1? Let's think about typical WSD examples. "He has a new car" can mean recently purchased or different from old one; sense 5 covers replacement, but sense 1 covers recently made. If context includes "my new car is four years old" it's not recent, so sense5. In our context, "new" is coordinated with "startling" and due to recent months discovery. The picture is new (recently discovered) and startling. I'd lean sense 1, the central / temporal sense.

But user is a linguist asks using examples and synonyms to choose best indexed sense. Need be confident. Let's investigate subtle differences. The phrase "paint a new picture" is an idiom meaning to create a different impression/description; new there likely means different, but also recent. Which WN sense captures 'different'? Sense5 definition: other than the former one(s); different. Example: "they now have a new leaders". The 'new leader' is not necessarily young; it's replacement/different. Our phrase "painting a new and startling picture" strongly implies that the picture is different from earlier view. Could be sense 5. But "new picture" could also be a painting (artwork) newly made; but here 'picture' is metaphorical. The modifier "startling" suggests the quality of the picture is surprising, perhaps not just recent. "New and startling picture of how cancer develops" could be paraphrased "startling new picture"; in collocation, 'new' is close to 'novel'. Let's evaluate sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before; synonyms=fresh, novel". It has example "the computer produced a completely novel proof". This sense emphasizes originality, not mere recency. Can "new picture" in context be 'original and not seen before'? The discovery is painting a new picture, probably a picture that didn't exist before (not seen before). It could be sense 2. WN sense 2 maybe different from sense1 specifically for the meaning 'novel' as a creative work: a new idea; a new dance etc? Actually WordNet sense 2 grouped under satellite: original and of a kind not seen before; 'fresh'; 'novel'. It is used of ideas. "New picture" (conceptual model) = original/never-before-seen. However sense 1's definition includes "discovered". A newly discovered picture can be not of long duration. But sense 2 might be better with "startling" and because 'picture' is not literally a temporal entity.

WordNet fine-grained sense disambiguation can be tricky; the central sense 1 is broad and often appropriate for many usages, while satellite senses 2,5,11 are more specific. We need choose the single best indexed sense. Let's parse the sentence deeply.

Context first paragraph: scientists uncovered genes in recent months; discovery is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. Emerging understanding expected to produce an array of new strategies. "new strategies" there = recently developed/recent; likely sense 1. "new picture" and "new strategies" parallel; both due to recent discoveries. The sense of 'new' in both is temporal recency. "new and startling picture": startling = surprising. 'new' could be 'novel' or 'recent'. If we substitute synonyms from sense 2: "a novel and startling picture" fits. Substitute sense 1: "a recent picture" or "a newly discovered picture" fits. Substitute sense 5: "a different picture" fits. Substitute sense 11: "an unfamiliar picture" fits somewhat. Need determine which sense is the intended lexical meaning.

Let's look at the gloss for sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered." An abstract "picture" (understanding) has come into being due to recent discoveries. So sense 1 applies.

Sense 2 gloss: "original and of a kind not seen before." It is perhaps stronger than needed. The new picture is not necessarily "of a kind not seen before", more like updated view. "Startling" could be due to contrast with old, not necessarily unprecedented.

Sense 5 gloss: "other than the former one(s); different." The phrase "painting a new picture" indeed connotes changing the existing picture; but the text does not mention a former picture explicitly. It comes from new discoveries, and new view.

Sense 11 gloss: "unfamiliar" (experiences new to him). But "new picture" is not necessarily unfamiliar to scientists? It's newly recognized.

What would WordNet annotators likely assign for "painting a new picture"? Let's recall SemCor examples maybe. WordNet 'new' sense 1 most common. But if phrase "a new picture" as 'different from old', sense 5 might be used. In WSD datasets, "new" sense 1 includes "new laws, new cars, new job." sense 5 examples: "new leader", "new car (for me)". Let's look at Princeton WordNet: Definition of sense 5: "other than the former one(s); different". Examples: "they now have a new leaders"; "my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it". This sense is used for new owner/identity, not for recently created. In "painting a new picture" there's no former picture replaced by another one; they are creating an additional representation. So sense 5 less likely. Here the picture itself has come into existence recently (because of new gene discoveries). Thus sense 1.

Need answer only JSON. sense_index 1.

But before final, let's examine whether sense 2 might be intended due to "startling." WordNet glosses are schematic; the instruction says "Use context, examples, and synonyms." The synonyms for sense 1 are not given, but examples include new law and new cars. For sense 2 synonyms fresh, novel. Which best captures the meaning? In text, the discovery is painting a new picture. The picture is a conceptual representation that is new because of recent discoveries. It is fresh/novel in some sense. However, word 'new' in 'new strategies' later maybe sense 1. The parallelism suggests same central sense: recent/just made. The phrase "painting a new and startling picture" likely is a wrapper: a newly emerging picture.

Additionally, WordNet sense 1 often includes the meaning 'discovered'. Since the context is about discovery, sense 1 aligns exactly. Example in sense1 includes "discovered"? Wait definition includes "acquired or discovered". So "new discovery" tends sense 1.

Could there be sense 11 "unfamiliar"? "new experiences" etc. The discovery is painting a new picture to researchers; but it's not primarily about unfamiliarity, but about recency/originality. So no.

Thus best indexed sense is 1.

Need output JSON exactly. Do not include anything else. Ensure valid.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how <t>cancer</t> develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do word sense disambiguation for the word "cancer" in a specific context. The context is clearly about medical science, genes, cell growth, treatment, and prevention. Among the candidate senses:

1. medical: malignant growth/tumor (correct)
2. astrology person
3. zodiacal constellation
4. zodiac sign
5. genus of crab

The context is exclusively medical. So the best sense is sense 1 (cancer%1:26:00::).

I need to return only JSON like {"sense_index": 1}. No hedging, single best.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develops
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer <t>develops</t>. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for "develops" in context: cancer develops. The sentence: "how cancer develops" — cancer comes into existence / takes form / arises / evolves / grows. The intransitive sense of something coming into existence or progressing naturally. Candidate senses: 5 [come into existence; take on form or shape] synonyms originate, arise, etc; 10 [grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth...] examples include A flower developed; country developed into superpower. The phrase "how cancer develops" here means how it develops/progresses/originates. Cancer as disease arises/originates via genetic damage. The earlier context: growth of cells characterizes cancer; discovery painting picture how cancer develops. The target surface develops is intransitive, third person singular. Need best index. Compare 5 and 10: 10 is "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or conducive environment." Examples: A flower developed on branch; country developed into superpower. That fits biological unfolding. 5 is come into existence; take on form or shape, examples social movement. But for cancer, a disease develops across process. I think 10 best.

But let's examine all options. Also sense 9 gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest specifically for a plot; not disease. 12 is to cause to grow transitive. 1 is make something. 4 come to have physical features attributes. 14 grow emotionally mature. Context: "how cancer develops". This phrase is usually "cancer develops" (intransitive) = "cancer originates/grows/progresses" maybe index 10. I should inspect WordNet senses: develop%2:30:00:: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve..." vs develop%2:42:00:: "come into existence; take on form or shape". The latter is "originate" etc. Which one would WordNet tag for "cancer develops"? In SemCor? I'm not entirely sure. WSD datasets: "cancer develops" could be intransitive "develop" like "does not develop cancer"? In "how cancer develops" it's like an organism or system progresses through natural processes. But in "How a flower developed" index 10. "A new religious movement originated in that country" index 5. Cancer is not a movement; it's a disease process. But "cancer develops" could be stative/progressive like disease gradually forms. Could use "comes into existence/takes form or shape" (arises). It is about cancer coming into being due to genetic damage causing chaotic cell growth. The phrase "how cancer develops" might literally be "how it arises/evolves". 10 fits biological growth, progress; 5 fits existential origination. I need choose one.

Let's evaluate synonyms. Sense 5 synonyms: originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow. Example: "A new religious movement originated..."; "a love that sprang up from friendship". It's about the thing beginning/existing. Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth..." Examples flower developed on branch, country developed into superpower. Disease develops is usually like "Symptoms developed" index? Let's look: "The patient developed abdominal pains" index 4 (come to have physical features attributes). "cancer develops" could also be existential: "when cancer develops". Medical context: "if damaged, unleash chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer": picture of how cancer develops. They are explaining origin and progression both. The word develops maybe used like "cancer comes about/occurs". Could correspond to happen sense 20? Examples: Report the news as it develops; these political movements recrudesce ... "happen" synonyms break, recrudesce. That is for events happening. Cancer develops is an event? "happens" maybe but for process. Probably not.

Should query internal map of WN senses. "develop%2:30:00::" includes "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment." The word "develops" in "how cancer develops" with subject cancer: likely intransitive developmental process. The earlier clause: "if damaged, unleash chaotic growth of cells"; the new picture of how cancer develops includes growth. Thus evolve/grow/progress. 10 likely.

But we need produce JSON only. So final answer: {"sense_index": 10}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: understanding
Target surface form: understanding
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging <t>understanding</t> of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=understanding%1:09:01:: | definition=the cognitive condition of someone who understands | synonyms=apprehension, discernment, savvy | examples=he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect
2. sense_key=understanding%1:10:00:: | definition=the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises | synonyms=agreement | examples=they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business; there was an understanding between management and the workers
3. sense_key=understanding%1:09:03:: | definition=an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion | synonyms=sympathy | examples=his sympathies were always with the underdog; I knew I could count on his understanding
4. sense_key=understanding%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=reason, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index. Target: "An emerging understanding of the genes". This refers to knowledge/comprehension of how genes cause cancer. It is cognitive condition of someone who understands. Synonyms apprehension, discernment, savvy. Sense 1. Sense 4 is capacity for rational thought. Not capacity. Sense 3 is sympathy. Sense 2 agreement. So best is 1. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expected
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is <t>expected</t> to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best sense for "expected" in context. Target lemma expect, surface expected. Context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies..." This is passive: "is expected to produce" meaning it is regarded as probable or likely that it will produce... Sense 1: regard something as probable or likely. Synonyms anticipate. Examples meteorologists expecting rain. In passive "is expected to" = likely. Sense 3: look forward to probable occurrence of; synonyms await, wait; examples expecting a visit. Sense 4: consider reasonable or due, example expecting a full explanation. The phrase "is expected to" (impersonal/passive) is standard for probability, not anticipation or request. Thus best sense 1. Need JSON only {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: produce
Target surface form: produce
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to <t>produce</t> an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=produce%2:36:02:: | definition=bring forth or yield | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The tree would not produce fruit
2. sense_key=produce%2:36:00:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=make, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
3. sense_key=produce%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen, occur or exist | synonyms=bring about, give rise | examples=This procedure produces a curious effect; The new law gave rise to many complaints
4. sense_key=produce%2:39:01:: | definition=bring out for display | synonyms=bring forth | examples=The proud father produced many pictures of his baby; The accused brought forth a letter in court that he claims exonerates him
5. sense_key=produce%2:36:05:: | definition=cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques | synonyms=grow, raise, farm | examples=The Bordeaux region produces great red wines; They produce good ham in Parma
6. sense_key=produce%2:39:00:: | definition=bring onto the market or release | synonyms=bring on, bring out | examples=produce a movie; bring out a book
7. sense_key=produce%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer with JSON object. Need choose best sense index for target lemma produce in sentence: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."

We evaluate candidate senses:
1 bring forth or yield (natural yield), example tree produce fruit.
2 create or manufacture a man-made product (make, create), industrial.
3 cause to happen, occur or exist (bring about, give rise). Examples: This procedure produces a curious effect; new law gave rise to complaints.
4 bring out for display.
5 cultivate by growing.
6 bring onto market or release (produce a movie etc.)
7 come to have or undergo change.

Context: understanding expected to produce new strategies. It causes/brings about strategies, abstract. Best is sense 3 cause to happen, occur or exist (produce = bring about/give rise). Index 3.

Need return only JSON {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: array
Target surface form: array
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an <t>array</t> of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=array%1:14:00:: | definition=an orderly arrangement | examples=an array of troops in battle order
2. sense_key=array%1:10:00:: | definition=an impressive display | examples=it was a bewildering array of books; his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall
3. sense_key=array%1:06:01:: | definition=especially fine or decorative clothing | synonyms=raiment, regalia
4. sense_key=array%1:06:00:: | definition=an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for lemma array in given context. Need choose single best indexed sense among four candidates. The instruction: return JSON {"sense_index": index}. Do not answer with sense_key. Need reason.

Context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." Here "array" means a large and impressive display/range/variety? Candidate senses:
1. orderly arrangement (e.g., troops).
2. impressive display (e.g., bewildering array of books).
3. clothing.
4. aerials.

In context "an array of new strategies" indicates a wide variety/number, often "an array of options". This fits sense 2 (impressive display) more than sense 1 (orderly arrangement). Although "array" can mean an orderly arrangement, "array of strategies" is about a range/variety, not necessarily order. WordNet sense 2 examples include "bewildering array of books". Synonyms? none listed for sense 2. But definition "impressive display" covers "array of options". So best sense_index: 2.

Need return only JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of <t>new</t> strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer only JSON. Need choose single best sense. Context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." Target lemma new, surface form new. The phrase "new strategies" means strategies that have recently come into being or been made/discovered as a result of emerging understanding. Candidates include sense 1 (not of long duration; having just relatively recently come into being or been made or acquired or discovered; examples a new law, new cars). Sense 2 original/novel. Sense 5 other/different. Sense 11 unfamiliar. Sense 7 newfangled. Need fine-grained WSD. "new strategies" in context: expected to produce strategies for future treatment. These strategies are recently developed because of new understanding. It can also mean novel/original strategies. Which is best? We need examine WordNet senses. In WN, "new%3:00:00::" is primary adjective sense: recently made, built, bought, etc. The satellite senses are specific sub-senses: original/novel (not seen before), inexperienced, unprecedented, other, unaffected, newfangled, etc. In common WSD, "new strategies" likely annotated as main sense 1? But "a new law; new cars" examples. Does "strategies" fit with "recently come into being"? Yes, new strategies could be strategies that have not existed before. Sense 2 fresh/novel is specifically "original and of a kind not seen before" with example "a completely novel proof". The difference: main sense 1 emphasizes recentness or acquisition; sense 2 emphasizes originality/novelty. Which is more appropriate for "new strategies for future cancer treatment"? The text says "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies". This implies newly created/recently developed strategies, not necessarily never before seen in world but new approaches derived from this new knowledge. Consider WordNet examples: for sense 1 include "new law", "new cars". For sense 2 "fresh/novel" example "the computer produced a completely novel proof". "New strategies" as in recently developed strategies aligns with sense 1, the core adjective. However, sense 11 unfamiliar: "new experiences; experiences new to him" - not it. Sense 5 other/different: "they now have a new leaders" - implies different one. Here not replacement. Sense 2 maybe could be possible but "new" before "strategies" most typical core meaning. However, the gloss "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" fits: strategies recently come into being. Also the context about recent months, future. So choose sense 1. But need ensure not to include sense key. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strategy
Target surface form: strategies
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new <t>strategies</t> for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strategy%1:09:00:: | definition=an elaborate and systematic plan of action | synonyms=scheme
2. sense_key=strategy%1:09:01:: | definition=the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for "strategies" in the given context.

Looking at the context:
"An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new <t>strategies</t> for future cancer treatment and prevention."

This is talking about new plans of action for cancer treatment and prevention. It's not about military science or warfare.

Candidate senses:
1. strategy%1:09:00:: = an elaborate and systematic plan of action (synonyms: scheme)
2. strategy%1:09:01:: = the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

Clearly sense 1 fits - "new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention" = new plans of action.

The instruction says to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Since the best sense is index 1 (the first one), I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, looking more carefully: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". The example uses 3, but I should use the actual index of the chosen sense. The chosen sense is index 1.

I should output only the JSON, with no additional explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for <t>future</t> cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%3:00:00:: | definition=yet to be or coming | examples=some future historian will evaluate him
2. sense_key=future%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=effective in or looking toward the future | examples=he was preparing for future employment opportunities
3. sense_key=future%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=next, succeeding | examples=our next president
4. sense_key=future%3:01:00:: | definition=a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened | examples=future auxiliary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose sense index for target "future" in context. Need reason. Context: phrase "future cancer treatment and prevention". "future" modifies cancer treatment and prevention, meaning yet to come. Candidate senses: 1 definition yet to be or coming, examples some future historian will evaluate him. 2 effective in or looking toward the future; examples preparing for future employment opportunities. 3 elected but not yet serving. 4 verb tense. This is adjective modifying noun phrase. Which adjective sense? Future as adjective could mean "yet to come" (sense 1). Sense 2 is "effective in or looking toward the future" with prospective relation. In phrase "future cancer treatment and prevention" means treatment that will be used in the future or not yet arrived. Sense 2 defined as "effective in or looking toward the future" maybe similar to "future employment opportunities" example from WordNet (actually example from sense 2). Need decide between index 1 and 2. Let's inspect WordNet senses for "future" adjective. Synsets in WordNet: future(a) S: (adj) future (yet to be or coming) "some future historian will evaluate him". S: (adj) future, next, succeeding ((of elected officers) elected but not yet serving) "our next president". S: (adj) future (effective in or looking toward the future) "he was preparing for future employment opportunities". Also noun senses. The target modifies "cancer treatment and prevention". It means treatment that is coming in the future / not yet existing. Both sense 1 and 2 plausible. Which is best? In WordNet disambiguation, "future employment opportunities" similar to "future cancer treatment and prevention" — both potential/looking ahead opportunities/treatments. But "future cancer treatment" could be "treatments in the future", like some future historian. Need decide. Let's think about definitions. Sense 2: "effective in or looking toward the future" — this is a relational adjective deriving from prospective? The examples: "future employment opportunities" = opportunities that will be available in the future; effective for future? Sense 1: "yet to be or coming" — describes something that has not yet happened. "Future cancer treatment and prevention" = cancer treatment and prevention that are coming (in the future). The phrase "An emerging understanding ... is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." New strategies for future treatment. This matches sense 1: yet to come/coming. But the example for sense 2 is "future employment opportunities" which is also "employment opportunities in the future". So ambiguous. Need perhaps know the actual WordNet sense keys and contexts. Let's analyze morphosyntactic: target is adjective before noun phrase "cancer treatment and prevention". Could be sense 1 or 2. But perhaps in WSD, "future" as noun? Wait in sentence "for <t>future</t> cancer treatment" — future is an adjective? It modifies cancer treatment. It is not an adjective? It is attributive adjective. The part-of-speech sense key future%3:00:00:: is adjective (3 = adj.all). sense_key future%5:00:00:prospective:00 is also adjective? %5 maybe adjective satellite? In WordNet, adjective satellites use 0? Actually sense key format: lemma%ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id. future%3:00:00:: means adjective all (3) lexical file 00; future%5:00:00:prospective:00 is adjective satellite (5) linked to head prospective. So both are adjective senses.

Need choose the best indexed sense, no hedge. We need decide one. Let's examine full context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future." The second sentence "That is for the future." Here "future" noun. But target surface form occurrence is only first: "future cancer treatment". The phrase "for future cancer treatment" is similar to "for future employment". The gloss for sense 2 says effective in or looking toward the future. Hmm "future cancer treatment" is treatment intended to be used in the future? Or "for the future" (for future use). Maybe sense 2 is specifically attributive: "future" means "effective in or looking toward the future" — strategies for future (i.e., future-directed) treatment. Yet sense 1 "yet to be or coming" also fits: treatment that is coming. Which one did annotators likely choose? Could be sense 1 because it's the most common attributive use. But the example in sense 2 includes "future employment opportunities". However there is also collocation "future treatment" maybe in WordNet examples? Let's see. WordNet sense 1 examples: "some future historian will evaluate him". Sense 2 examples: "he was preparing for future employment opportunities". So the grammatical context "for future ___" exactly matches sense 2 example: "preparing for future employment opportunities". Our phrase: "new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." The prepositional phrase "for future cancer treatment" = intended for use in the future. So sense 2 could be the intended sense. But the definitions: sense 2 "effective in or looking toward the future" - could be paraphrased as "future-oriented". The strategies are for future cancer treatment (treatment that will exist/be used later). Then sense 1 "yet to be or coming" - "some future cancer treatment" = not yet existing. Both close.

Let's check if WSD datasets have similar example. SemCor? Sentence could be from a corpus. The target "future" as adjective in phrase "future cancer treatment" - maybe gold sense is sense 1 (future%3:00:00::). Because the phrase means "future treatment" = treatment in the future. The distinction in WordNet: sense2 maybe "future" used as "relating to future time" in the sense of having later effect, e.g., "future benefits"? Let's parse WordNet adjective senses:

WordNet 3.0 future(a):
1. yet to be or coming; "some future historian will evaluate him"
2. effective in or looking toward the future; "he was preparing for future employment opportunities"
3. (of elected officers) elected but not yet serving; "our next president"

Sense 2 maybe means "tending to, or effective for, the future"; e.g., "future planning", "future investments"? The example is "future employment opportunities" though. Hmm. Actually "effective in or looking toward the future" with phrase "future employment opportunities" seems a bit odd; an opportunity is not effective. But maybe "future" can describe something that "looks toward the future". In "future employment opportunities," it's prospective. The head_word satellite relation to "prospective": "expected to follow; awaited; future; prospective" maybe? The sense key future%5:00:00:prospective:00 links to prospective as head. So sense 2 is essentially "prospective" = expected or expecting to be the specified thing in the future (e.g., a prospective buyer), but in WordNet sense key adjective satellite with head prospective. So "future" as synonym of prospective? "future cancer treatment" could be prospective cancer treatment = intended/potential treatment. The sentence says "is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." New strategies are not necessarily future treatment; but the strategies will be for treating/preventing cancer in the future. It's prospective/looking toward the future.

Sense 1 is general "future time; yet to be or coming" like "future events". Is "future cancer treatment" a specific event/time? It's a type/class happening in the future. The phrase is a noun phrase modifying timing, not a satellite to prospective. I lean sense 1 is better. But the exact phrase "for future employment opportunities" matches preposition pattern and definition "effective in or looking toward the future". In "new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention," strategies are intended for future use; could be sense 2. However in WordNet, the second sense maybe applies to adjective with relation to "prospective", examples include "future employment opportunities". Indeed "future cancer treatment" is very similar. But is there a better English linguistic distinction? Let's think about sense 2 definition "effective in or looking toward the future". If we say "future cancer treatment", do we mean treatment that is effective in/looking toward the future? We might mean treatment in the future. Not necessarily prospective. The strategies are for (the purpose of) future cancer treatment and prevention. It does not mean those treatments are prospective (potential candidates). It just means cancer treatment that will happen in the future. So sense 1.

But the adjective "future" in noun phrases often has the default temporal sense (sense 1). Sense 2 reserved for something that is future-oriented or has future effect? Let's examine WordNet glosses and examples from e.g., dictionary:

future adjective
1. at a later time, going to happen: "We hope to travel to Europe in the near future." The future king. We need to protect the planet for future generations.
2. existing at a later time: "The proposal was discussed at future meetings." Hmm.
WordNet sense 2: "effective in or looking toward the future" maybe includes "future generations" (generations yet to come) maybe sense 1? Actually "future generations" = generations to come; sense 1. Sense 2 could be "future shock"? no.

Let's look up prospective sense. The adjective "future" in WordNet satellite under prospective means "concerned with or related to the future," e.g., "future auxiliary"? no that's sense 4 noun. It could be "future tense" noun. Hmm.

Maybe the WSD context: "for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future." The second sentence "for the future" is a noun phrase where future means the time yet to come (noun sense). But target only first. The first could be adjective. They probably want sense 1 because it's the straightforward "future" as adjective. If the dataset is WordNet gloss disambiguation or some standard SemCor, gold might be future%3:00:00:: index 1? Need infer from examples. Let's search memory: WordNet sense 2 examples "future employment opportunities" often in dictionaries with definition "relating to events that will happen in the future" maybe sense 1. Wait WordNet itself might have "future" as sense 2 with a very similar temporal meaning but with the head word "prospective." Many satellites are close synonyms. The question asks: "Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." The second sense synonyms? It lists only head_word prospective; no synonyms displayed. Candidate sense 2 definition "effective in or looking toward the future" examples "he was preparing for future employment opportunities". Candidate sense 1 definition "yet to be or coming" example "some future historian will evaluate him". For "future cancer treatment", both definitions acceptable. We must choose. Let's analyze compositionally: "future" here is used attributively to modify "cancer treatment and prevention" which are not concrete events but classes of action. "Future treatment" could be paraphrased as "treatment that is yet to come." That fits sense 1 exactly. Sense 2 emphasizes "effective in or looking toward the future" — a strategy could be future-oriented, but does "future cancer treatment" mean treatment that looks toward the future? It could, but the phrase is not "future-oriented cancer treatment"; it is "future cancer treatment" (treatment in the future). Therefore sense 1.

However, we might consider the phrase "for future cancer treatment" analogous to "for future reference" — in this common phrase "for future reference", which sense? "For future reference" means for use at a later time. WordNet perhaps classifies under sense 2? Let's check. "future reference" likely sense 1: yet to come reference. But I can imagine WSD might tag "future" in "for future reference" as sense 1 (temporal). The phrase "future employment opportunities" is a WordNet example for sense 2. Is "future reference"? Hmm.

Let's inspect the semantic similarity between "future cancer treatment" and "future historian". "future historian" will evaluate him. "future cancer treatment" will treat patients. Both are objects/persons that exist or occur in the future. This is sense 1. "future employment opportunities" are opportunities for future employment — prospective. But also opportunities that exist in the future. So hard.

Maybe the noun "future" can also refer to the future as a field: "future studies". The adjective "future" in "future cancer treatment" simply means "of or relating to the future" which could be sense 1? Sense 1: "yet to be or coming". Sense 2: "effective in or looking toward the future" (i.e., future-oriented). In common speech, "future treatment" equals "treatment in the future", not "treatment that looks toward the future." So sense 1. The phrase "new strategies for future cancer treatment" = strategies that will be used in the future to treat cancer. The treatment is future. Temporal.

Thus answer: {"sense_index": 1}. But need be careful: The target word is "future" and second sentence "That is for the future." If target includes only first token? "<t>future</t>" appears in "strategies for <t>future</t> cancer treatment". That's sense 1/2.

Now consider possibility index 2. Let's try to see if there is a way to disambiguate by Part of Speech. The phrase "for future cancer treatment" could be replaced by "for prospective cancer treatment"? Does that preserve meaning? "An emerging understanding ... is expected to produce new strategies for prospective cancer treatment and prevention." That changes meaning slightly: strategies for potential/expected treatments, not necessarily actual future standard treatments. But original doesn't have prospective connotation? Actually "new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention" historically might mean future (later) ways of treating and preventing. Could use "prospective" maybe? In medical context, "future treatment" often means treatment options that will be available. Maybe prospective fits because they are "looking toward the future". But not exact. Could replace with "upcoming" or "coming"? sense 1. Replace "future cancer treatment" with "cancer treatment to come". That fits. Also "employment opportunities" can be "potential/prospective employment opportunities"; "future" there is quasi-synonymous with "prospective". For treatment, "future" = "yet to come" (later). The distinction in WordNet is subtle.

Now the instructions: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense." They specifically want index. We need output JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. No extra text. We can choose 1. Need final answer only JSON.

Before final, consider whether "future" could be a noun in phrase? "for future cancer treatment" is ambiguous; "future" as noun? No, "future cancer treatment" = adjective + noun phrase. So not sense 4.

What about sense 3? No, not elected officers.

Thus answer index 1 or 2. I need decide which is single best. Let's deliberate more with possible WordNet annotation guidelines.

In WSD, if a word sense is a satellite of another adjective (head_word = prospective), the satellite sense is usually more specific. The target meaning should align with head concept. The definition of sense 2 says "effective in or looking toward the future" not "occurring in the future." Example "future employment opportunities" are opportunities that will be available in the future, i.e., prospective. Are "future cancer treatment and prevention" prospective? They are future medical strategies. Because they haven't been developed yet. Hmm.

But "future" as a time-denoting adjective is not normally considered a satellite of prospective; WordNet has it as a separate sense. The general temporal adjective sense is sense 1, and use in "future historian" and "future events." The sense 2 is more like "prospective; future" used for anticipated opportunities, maybe "future" as synonym of prospective. In phrase "future cancer treatment," we don't mean prospective treatment candidates necessarily, but treatments that will be used in the future, i.e., yet to come. So sense 1.

Also, the previous clause: "produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention." New strategies will be used in the future. The strangeness: "for future cancer treatment" could also be parsed as "for [future cancer] treatment"?? No, "future" modifies the whole "cancer treatment and prevention". The meaning: "future treatment and prevention of cancer." Temporal sense.

I will choose index 1.

But to be thorough, let's think about synonyms listed in candidates. For sense 2 synonyms none provided except head_word prospective; for sense 1 synonyms? It lists example only. The instruction says use synonyms. Not helpful. It also says "do not hedge". I need not explain. final just JSON.

Therefore final: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "cancer" appears in the phrase "cancer treatment and prevention." The context is clearly medical: genes, damaged genes, chaotic growth of cells, malignant growth, treatment and prevention. This matches sense 1: any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division. The other senses are astrological or zoological. So the best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer <t>treatment</t> and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for "treatment" in context. Let's examine. Context about medical scientists, cancer genes, new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. The lemma treatment. Candidate senses:
1. care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures intended to relieve illness or injury); synonyms intervention.
2. management of someone or something; handling; examples handling prisoners, treatment of water sewage.
3. manner of dealing artistically.
4. extended communication / discussion.
Here "cancer treatment" standardly sense 1 medical treatment. Sense 2 could be management of something (e.g. treatment of water) but with cancer, definitely medical treatment. So answer JSON {"sense_index":1}.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the <t>future</t>. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Let's reason. Target 'future' in sentence: "That is for the future. Already, ..." Here "the future" refers to a future time/yet to come. Sense 1 defined as time yet to come. This fits. Not verb tense or commodities. Return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target "developing" in given context. Let's parse. Target surface "developing" from lemma "develop". Sentence: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes..." They are making/creating new tests (diagnostic products). Candidate senses:
1. develop%2:36:01 - make something new, such as a product or mental/artistic creation. Example: "Her company developed a new kind of building material". This seems highly relevant: tests as products.
2. work out (theory) - less so.
3. gain through experience - no.
4. come to have/undergo change of physical features - no.
5. come into existence - not exactly.
6. change use of/make usable (land/resources) - no.
7. elaborate theories - no.
8. create by training/teaching - no.
9. become disclosed - no.
10. grow/progress/evolve - maybe "How cancer develops" earlier but target about tests.
11. become technologically advanced - no.
12. cause to grow/differentiate naturally - e.g. climate develops grain; could tests be "developed"? Not exactly.
13. generate gradually (potential customers/market) - possible. But tests are products, and sense 1 is more about making something new (product).
14. grow emotionally - no.
15. film - no.
16. geometry - no.
17/18 chess - no.
19 music - no.
20 happen - no.
21 math - no.

So best is sense 1, sense_key develop%2:36:01::, index 1.

We need output JSON {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need to perform WSD for target lemma "base", surface form "based" in context: "scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that ... predict ...". Need choose among senses 1,2,3. Options:

1 base%2:31:00:: definition use as a basis for; found on synonyms establish, ground, found examples base a claim on some observation. This matches passive participle "based on" meaning "founded on/derived from/grounded on" = use as a basis for. The test uses genes as basis.

2 base%2:42:04:: situate as center of operations example base project in new lab: transitive locational sense, doesn't fit "based on".

3 base%2:34:00:: use purified cocaine, irrelevant.

So best sense_index 1. Need output JSON only {"sense_index": 1}. Ensure no explanation.