[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense for "added" in context. Context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication...'" This is a reporting verb: she added (stated further). Candidate sense 2 is state or say further; synonyms append, supply. The quote "It doesn't matter,' he supplied." Thus sense 2. Need return JSON exactly {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: We need answer WSD for target "filled" in context. Need choose among 3 senses. Sentence: "Ringers, she added, are filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." This is idiomatic: filled with = full of, supplied with emotion. Sense 1 definition: (usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with; examples theirs was a house filled with laughter. That fits. Sense 3 definition: (of time) taken up; examples well-filled hours. Not this. Sense 2 purchase orders. Not. So answer sense_index 1. Return only JSON exactly like.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Parasail

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user asks to do Word Sense Disambiguation for lemma "solemn", surface form "solemn" in a context. Candidate senses:

1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

We need choose the single best indexed sense. Return JSON only like {"sense_index": 3}. Note indexes are 1 and 2.

Context: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." It describes ringers being filled with solemn intoxication from intricate ritual faultlessly performed. This seems "solemn" meaning dignified, serious, grave, sober? The phrase "solemn intoxication" as used by Sayers: probably means dignified / grave / sober? Actually "solemn" can mean formal, dignified, not laughing, etc. The intoxication is solemn because from ritual performed, not rowdy. Number 1 fits: dignified and somber in manner or character. Synonyms grave, sedate, sober. Number 2 about firm/humorless belief in own opinions, earnest/sincere, doesn't fit. So best is 1.

Need output exactly {"sense_index": 1}. No additional text.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for "comes" in sentence: "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. "" We need choose among candidate senses. The phrase "comes of" means results from / is the product or result of. Candidate sense 5: definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience. That matches "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual..." i.e., the intoxication that results from / follows from intricate ritual. Sense 13: happen as a result examples "Nothing good will come of this". But headword here: "comes of" can also mean "result from" as a verb phrase. We need pick best WordNet sense from the list. This is sense 5 (come%2:42:04::) perhaps. Let's verify WordNet sense keys: come%2:42:04:: definition to be the product or result. Yes. Sense 13 come%2:30:13:: happen as a result; examples "Nothing good will come of this". Slight nuance: "Nothing good will come of this" = result from this. But here "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" = intoxication resulting from intricate ritual. Could be sense 5 because definition says "to be the product or result" synonyms follow, examples "Understanding comes from experience". The phrase "come of" in "comes of" may align with sense 5. However WordNet has "come of" as a separate? Let's think.

The candidate examples for sense 5: "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience." This includes "come from". Our target is "comes of". Maybe not exactly. "comes of" is an idiomatic expression. WordNet sense 5 definition to be product/result with synonyms follow. The example "Understanding comes from experience" is parallel: "intoxication comes of ritual". Sense 13 definition happen as a result: examples "Nothing good will come of this" exactly uses "come of". In WordNet, sense 13 (come%2:30:13::) is "happen as a result" and example includes "Nothing good will come of this". The difference: sense 5 is "to be the product or result" with frame "come from", sense 13 is "happen as a result" with frame "come of". Since the exact phrase is "comes of", maybe sense 13 is more appropriate. But let's parse semantics.

"filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." The intoxication is a state/feeling resulting from performing ritual. "comes of" = arises from. Is it "to be the product or result" (sense 5) or "happen as a result" (sense 13)?

Let's look at WordNet definitions and sense numbering. Usually "come of" maps to wordnet sense "come%2:42:05" maybe? Candidate 15 is develop into (amount to). Not that. 5 is "to be the product or result". 13 is "happen as a result". Which of these is "come of"? We can explore memory of WordNet 3.0. The verb "come" senses (partial) include:

1. come, come up - move toward...
2. arrive, get - reach a destination...
3. come - come to pass; arrive, as in due course...
4. come - reach or enter a state...
5. follow, come - to be the product or result; "Melons come from a vine"; "Understanding comes from experience"
6. come - be found or available...
7. issue forth, come - come forth...
8. hail, come - be a native of...
9. come - extend or reach...
10. come - exist or occur in a certain point in a series...
13. come - happen as a result; "Nothing good will come of this"
14. total, number, add up, amount, come - add up in number or quantity...
15. amount, come, add up - develop into...
16. come, come in - be received...
17. occur, come - come to one's mind...
18. derive, come, descend - come from; be connected by a relationship of blood...
19. do, fare, make out, come, get along...
20. come - experience orgasm
21. come - have a certain priority.

So "come of" example in sense 13. "comes of intricate ritual" -> "arises/results from intricate ritual". That fits sense 13. But sense 5 has "comes from" semantic. The phrase is "comes of" not "comes from". The best sense may be 13.

Let's compare examples. Sense 13: "Nothing good will come of this." Paraphrase: "Nothing good will result from this." In our sentence: "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." Paraphrase: "solemn intoxication that results from intricate ritual." Exactly same construction. So sense 13 likely best. However sense 5 could also be possible because it involves being product of. But WordNet specifically includes the "come of" framing in sense 13 (happen as a result). The fact that candidate includes that example is a strong signal. Also the instruction says WordNet glosses are schematic; use context, examples, synonyms. The example for 13 contains exact idiom. So sense 13.

Need answer: {"sense_index": 13}. They gave indexing 1-21. Candidate 13 = come%2:30:13::. So JSON. No explanation. Final only JSON.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
 ```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
 ```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for "ritual" in the given context. Let me analyze.

 Context: Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

 So "ritual" here refers to the elaborate, intricate pattern of ringing, the customary practice/observance of church bell ringing. It is prescribed behavior, not necessarily a religious ceremony procedure specifically (though bell ringing happens in churches, the focus is on the intricate mechanical practice).

 Candidate senses:
 1. any customary observance or practice
 2. the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
 3. stereotyped behavior

 Sense 1 seems best because it refers to the customary observance/practice of bell ringing, an intricate ritual (rite) that is performed faultlessly. The phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" suggests a rite/practice. It's not necessarily about "conducting religious ceremonies" (though church-related, the focus is on the ringing practice itself), nor is it "stereotyped behavior" which has a more negative/repetitive mechanical connotation.

 Let me reconsider. Sense 2: "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" - bell ringing can be part of church ceremony/service. The excerpt mentions "church bells," "church," "belfry," which suggests a religious context. However, bell ringing also has its own elaborate "changes" and methods, which is more than just a procedure for conducting a religious ceremony. Sense 1 "any customary observance or practice" with synonym "rite" captures this well. It's a custom.

 The phrase "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed" = the pleasure of carrying out a complex custom perfectly. This fits sense 1 best.

 I'll go with sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as JSON {"sense_index": X}. Need disambiguate "performed" in phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed." Perform an action, ritual. Candidate senses:
1. carry out or perform an action (execute, do) - examples general actions.
2. perform a function (wedding).
3. give a performance (of something) - stage/music.
4. get done (do job).
Context: ritual faultlessly performed - means executed/carried out. This aligns sense 1: carry out or perform an action, execute. Could sense 2 function maybe performing a wedding ritual? Not here. Sense 3 give performance refers to theatrical/musical performance; could a ritual be performance? But "ritual faultlessly performed" - the sense of execute/carry out an action. So sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON with sense index. Need determine best sense for "become" in quote "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession". We have candidate senses: index 1 become%2:30:00 definition enter or assume a certain state or condition, synonyms go get. Example: He became annoyed; It must be getting more serious. Index 2 become%2:42:01 undergo a change or development, turn: The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy. Index 3 become%2:42:00 come into existence: What becomes has duration. Index 4 become%2:42:03 enhance the appearance of, suit: Mourning becomes Electra.

Context: Ringing (church bell ringing) becomes a bit of an obsession. It's about ringing assuming the state/condition of obsession for ringers, i.e., turn into an obsession, enter/assume a certain state. Which sense best? Both sense 1 and 2 possible. Let's explore WordNet distinctions.

become sense 1: enter or assume a certain state or condition; synonyms go, get. example: He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious. This is for states/conditions.

become sense 2: undergo a change or development; "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy". This emphasizes transformation/change.

become sense 3: come into existence, "What becomes has duration". This is philosophy? less relevant.

become sense 4: enhance the appearance of; suit; "Mourning becomes Electra"; "This behavior doesn't suit you". Not relevant.

"Ringing does become a bit of an obsession": something like "ringing becomes an obsession". In WordNet, "become" + noun that is a state/condition likely sense 1? But "obsession" could be state/condition. However "become a bit of an obsession" means over time, ringing turns/develops into an obsession. Which of senses 1/2? In WSD, "become an obsession" might be mapped to sense 2? Let's check WordNet examples for become. Sense 1: "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news." "It must be getting more serious." Sense 2: "The water turned into ice." "Her former friend became her worst enemy." "What becomes has duration?" sense3. These differences: sense1 includes predicate adjective annoyed and comparative more serious; sense2 includes nominal change from one thing to another. Obsession is a noun phrase (a bit of an obsession, what ringing becomes). It's change/development. We need choose one.

Important: Are indices in question 1-4 correspond to listed candidate senses. According to user, don't answer with sense_key, just JSON sense_index.

Let's think carefully because mapping to WordNet is subtle. "become" examples:
- become%2:30:00:: (enter or assume a certain state or condition) [synonyms go, get]. It is not only adjectives; examples "He became annoyed," "It must be getting more serious." The verb can take noun phrase states: "He became a doctor"? Maybe sense1 includes professions/roles? Let's verify WordNet.
WordNet verb become:
S: (v) become, go, get (enter or assume a certain state or condition) "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious"; "Aren't you getting too big for your clothes?" Actually the last example uses get, and sense can take adjective and noun? "He became a father"? Which sense? Possibly sense1.
S: (v) become, turn (undergo a change or development) "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy"; "He turned traitor"; "Turn your face to the East".
S: (v) become (come into existence) "What becomes has duration" [rare].
S: (v) become, suit (enhance the appearance of) ...

Given "become a bit of an obsession" essentially "become obsessed". It's an assumed state. But the target noun "obsession" denotes state/condition, not development. In WordNet "become" sense 2 fits when "turn into" something, e.g., water turned into ice, friend became enemy. Ringing becoming obsession is more like entering a state rather than a transformation? Actually it is a transformation of ringing (an activity) into an obsession (state). Example sense2 "Her former friend became her worst enemy" is a change of identity/role. "Ringing becomes an obsession" is transformation into obsession. That might be sense2.

But let's see first sense examples: "He became annoyed .." with adjectival complement; "It must be getting more serious" comparative adj. None of the sense1 examples have noun complements. But definition says enter or assume a certain state or condition; can include nouns. WordNet sense1 often takes adjective/past participles and predicate nominatives like "became president," "became king," "become a hero." Sense2 tends used with "turn" and maybe inchoative? Hmm.

We need choose single best. Let's examine context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession". Use of "does" as emphasis, idiomatic. The meaning: "Ringing becomes a bit of an obsession." It is the process/development of becoming obsessed. The speaker admits that it can turn into obsession for ringers. It might be sense1: assume a state of obsession. But the phrase "become an obsession" is idiomatic, I'd classify as sense1? Let's search memory of usage of "become an obsession" in WordNet training? In SemCor? Perhaps "become" in "become an obsession" annotated sense1? I can recall WordNet mapping from standard usage: "become an obsession" — the subject becomes a state; sense1. For example: "It has become an obsession with him" likely sense become.v.01. But not certain.

Let's list possible paraphrase: If sense1 = "enter or assume a certain state or condition" synonyms go, get. "Ringing does go/get a bit of an obsession" is okay? "go an obsession" no. "get a bit of an obsession" yes plausible. If sense2 = "undergo a change or development" synonym turn. "Ringing does turn a bit of an obsession" less natural, but "turn into an obsession"? The example "The water turned into ice" includes complement with into; "Her former friend became her worst enemy" complement NP. "Ringing turns an obsession"? not natural.

But "become" with noun phrase can be either sense. Need decide by examples: sense1 examples: "He became annoyed" (adj), "It must be getting more serious" (adj). No NP. sense2 examples: "The water turned into ice" (NP); "Her former friend became her worst enemy" (NP). So noun complement leans to sense2. But definition of sense1 says state or condition. Obsession is state/condition, but friend/enemy/ice also states? Water-ice is change/development. Friend-worst enemy is change. Obsession includes state, arguably more sense1. However in WSD, we should not rely on noun type alone but gloss.

Let's think of "become an obsession". The concept: something gradually comes to be a state. In WordNet, the stative/inchoative "become" with simple predicate nominatives (adjective or noun indicating state) often sense1. But sense2 also includes "become" with "turn" usage and possible synonyms "turn". "become a bit of an obsession" is synonymous with "turn into an obsession" too. Yet the standard lexicographic divide may be:
- sense 1 covers meanings that can be paraphrased as "come to be"; includes adjectives, and role/state nouns.
- sense 2 covers "turn" meaning = transform into something else; often "become" + noun where transformation.

In WordNet, sense2 for "become" has adjective? "He turned traitor" (no article). "become" sense2 perhaps specifically identifies conversion of one thing into another; "become" sense1 is general inchoative "come to be". But WordNet's become.v.02 definition "undergo a change or development" and examples are all about transformation of identity/substance. Obsession is a developed condition, not a substance. I suspect sense1.

Let's verify by analyzing WordNet's original definitions / sense offsets:
- become%2:30:00:: (v) become, go, get (enter or assume a certain state or condition). WordNet example: "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious"; "Aren't you getting too big for your clothes?" This sense groups with "go" and "get". It includes becoming a state/condition; adjectives. Does it include nouns? Could include "become a husband"? The grouping with "go" and "get" is interesting. "get" as a linking verb meaning become: "It got dark"; "He got angry". But "get an obsession" is not linking, more collocation. Yet "become" itself in this sense includes "assume a certain state or condition."
- become%2:42:01:: (v) become, turn (undergo a change or development). This is a different top-level group (verb.change). Lexname? Actually key become%2:42:01 denotes verb.change. The first become%2:30:00 is verb.change maybe too? Wait WordNet sense keys: become%2:30:00 lexicographer file verb.change? Lexicographer file 30? Let's recall file numbers: 30 = verb.emotion? Hmm.

WordNet sense key format: lemma:lex_sense, lex_sense = ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id. %2 means verb. 30 is file? Let's recall file numbers: 00 = adj.all, 01 = adj.pert, etc; for verbs maybe 30 = verb.emotion? Actually numbers 00-26 for nouns? Let's get order:
Nouns: 00=noun.Tops, 01=noun.act, 02=noun.animal, 03=noun.artifact, 04=noun.attribute, 05=noun.body, 06=noun.cognition, 07=noun.communication, 08=noun.event, 09=noun.feeling, 10=noun.food, 11=noun.group, 12=noun.location, 13=noun.motive, 14=noun.object, 15=noun.person, 16=noun.phenomenon, 17=noun.plant, 18=noun.possession, 19=noun.process, 20=noun.quantity, 21=noun.relation, 22=noun.shape, 23=noun.state, 24=noun.substance, 25=noun.time; 26=verb.body, 27=verb.change, 28=verb.cognition, 29=verb.communication, 30=verb.competition, 31=verb.consumption? Wait.

Let's list actual WordNet lexicographer file numbers (verb):
26 verb.body
27 verb.change
28 verb.cognition
29 verb.communication
30 verb.competition
31 verb.consumption
32 verb.contact
33 verb.creation
34 verb.emotion
35 verb.motion
36 verb.perception
37 verb.possession
38 verb.social
39 verb.stat
40 verb.weather
41 verb.

Wait become%2:30:00 means file 30 verb.competition? That seems odd. But the second become%2:42:01 uses 42? Not in list. Hmm. Actually file numbers for verbs maybe start 35? Let's re-evaluate.

Maybe, lexicographer file numbers are different for each part of speech. Actually word type: 1 digit; followed by lex_id. Format: lemma%type:filenum:lex_id... type=2 (verb). The file numbers range from 00 to 44 maybe unique by pos. For verbs there are files with senses. But I don't know exact mapping. But not key.

Let's just pick using definitions and examples. The instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

We need compare each candidate:
1. enter or assume a certain state or condition; synonyms go, get; examples become annoyed, getting more serious. In context: Ringing becomes an obsession -> ringing assumes condition/state of obsession. That matches.
2. undergo a change or development; synonyms turn; examples water turned into ice; friend became worst enemy. In context: ringing undergoes development/change into obsession. Also possible. Which is best? The phrase "become an obsession" is about entering a state, not necessarily a change or development? It is development over time though. But the sense with "turn" suggests transformational change; ringing doesn't transform into a different entity but rather becomes significant. I'd lean sense 1.

Let's test with substituting synonyms. "Ringing does go a bit of an obsession" - ungrammatical; "Ringing does get a bit of an obsession" - okay? "Ringing gets a bit of an obsession" yes. "Ringing does turn a bit of an obsession" - meh. But "Ringing turns into a bit of an obsession" okay. "become" functions as linking verb taking a predicate noun (obsession). WordNet's sense1 synonyms are linking verbs "go, get". "go crazy" etc. Obsession is noun, still state.

However sense2 synonyms turn: "turn an obsession" ungrammatical? "turn into an obsession". But the example uses become with a noun directly: "Her former friend became her worst enemy". Direct NP in sense2. Obsession direct NP too. So grammar doesn't resolve.

Let's consider collocational semantics: In "前者の朋友 became 最坏敌人", there is a change of role, transformation. In "become an obsession", the activity (ringing) becomes a pervasive mental state. It is also a change of role, from activity to obsession. Could be sense2.

But sense2 examples emphasize object that changes into something else (water->ice, friend->enemy). Obsession is a state of mind. The first sense examples emphasize states/conditions (annoyed, serious). Obsession is more state than changed substance. I think sense1.

Need decide final. Let's look at WordNet annotated datasets perhaps. Maybe I can recall "become" senses in OntoNotes/TC? There was example "The situation becomes critical" sense 1. "The valley becomes a desert" sense 2? "It becomes a habit" maybe sense1.

Wordnet sense fine-grained is notoriously subtle. Let's search memory: become.v.01 definition "enter or assume a certain state or condition" includes examples where subject is not an entity undergoing a general change, but enters a state. become.v.02 definition "undergo a change or development". If subject is animate and changes into something with, like friend->enemy, traitor, etc.

"Ringing becomes a bit of an obsession" subject = "ringing" (activity). Activity becoming obsession: it's an abstraction entering a condition. There is not a physical change/development. Might align with sense1.

Also note sense3 "come into existence: What becomes has duration" irrelevant. sense4 enhance appearance no.

I will answer {"sense_index": 1}. But before final, we should ensure the user asked: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So final must be just JSON, no explanation. We've done chain-of-thought. Final should be JSON only.

Need make sure no markdown maybe. Use plain text.

Sense index maybe 1. Good.

However, let's thoroughly analyze if there is any reason to choose 2. Since they say "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense." The quote "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" might mean "Ringing turns into an obsession", which seems like "undergo a change or development". But the subject ringing and complement obsession represent a change in status from activity to obsession over time. Which sense should WSD pick? Let's examine training examples for "become" in wordnet: There are common phrases in examples:
Sense1 examples (from WordNet maybe include): "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious". Wordsmyth? Perhaps more examples from actual database: "Aren't you getting too big for your clothes?" "It must be getting more serious." "He became annoyed..." This sense is for stative predicative complements: adjectives. It might not include noun complements. The definition "enter or assume a certain state or condition" explicitly mentions condition, which can be noun. Obsession is a condition.

Sense2 examples: "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy"; "He turned traitor". This sense is for transformation. "Ringing becomes an obsession" is also transformation from a hobby to an obsession. But "obsession" is condition, like traitor/enemy; perhaps categorized as change in role.

If we substitute "turn": "Ringing turns an obsession" not grammatical; need "turns into". But "become" doesn't require "into". This sense's synonym is "turn" but examples use "become" direct as well. Not enough.

Let's see if WordNet has examples for become.v.01 including predicate nominatives? I can attempt to recall from WordNet glosses: Senses:
- become.v.01: become, go, get -- (enter or assume a certain state or condition) "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news"; "It must be getting more serious"; "Aren't you getting too big for your clothes?"
- become.v.02: become, turn -- (undergo a change or development) "The water turned into ice"; "Her former friend became her worst enemy"; "He turned traitor"
- become.v.03: become -- (come into existence) "What becomes has duration" (Armenian proverb)
- become.v.04: become, suit -- (enhance the appearance of) "Mourning becomes Electra"; "This behavior doesn't suit you!"

These are all examples. If we want to choose for "become an obsession", we need compare which nearest. "obsession" is a state/condition, not change/development? Are you "annoyed" a condition? yes. "serious" a condition. So sense1 group includes adjective conditions. But they also might include "become a teacher" if they had chosen that; but instead they chose become annoyed.

"obsession" = state/condition. So sense1.

The phrase "a bit of an obsession" - "obsession" is a noun condition. The synonymous substitution "go" doesn't work? "Ringing does go a bit of an obsession" not idiomatic. But "get" works. WordNet groups get as a linking verb "become" only in sense of getting a state; "get an obsession" means develop: "She got an obsession with..." This matches.

Actually "get" as synonym of become.v.01 is the linking/inchoative verb: "It must be getting more serious". It is not "have/possess". "get an obsession" would be sense "obtain"? But "become an obsession" maps to linking become.

I think sense 1. final JSON.

Let's double-check with lexical semantics: The phrase "become an obsession" means "to turn out to be an obsession", "begin to be an obsession". That's enter a state. So answer index 1.

Another nuance: "does become" with emphasis maybe "does befit" no. Sense4 not.

So final: {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user is doing Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "obsession" in the given context. We need choose the best indexed sense among candidate senses 1 and 2. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

Analyze context. The sentence: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. Overall context about bell ringing being a passion, almost intoxication, mathematical completeness, mechanical perfection, intricate ritual. The phrase "become a bit of an obsession" used somewhat colloquially to mean a preoccupation/passion, not a pathological compulsion to perform repetitive actions against will. Candidate 1 definition: an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will; synonyms compulsion; examples hand-washing. That sounds OCD compulsion. Candidate 2: an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone; synonyms fixation. This is a preoccupation with something (bell ringing). The context says ringing becomes a bit of an obsession = preoccupation with ringing. Candidate 2 is the best. Even though "unhealthy and compulsive" may be too strong, WordNet glosses schematic, and the example uses compulsion for handwashing. "Bit of an obsession" in sense of fixation, passion. So answer index 2.

Need return only JSON object exactly.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need disambiguate 'admits' in context. The context: quote from Stephanie Pattenden: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... Here says she declares to be true; she acknowledges. That's sense 1 (declare to be true / acknowledge). Other senses physical allow entry, etc. So answer index 1. JSON only.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best WordNet sense for "master" in context. Target: Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. This is about bell-ringing band. "master of the band" means leader/director/conductor. Candidate senses: 1 maestro/artist consummate skill. 2 person with general authority over others. 3 combatant able to defeat rivals. 4 directs the work of others. 5 presiding officer of school. 6 master copy. 7 sea captain. 8 master's degree. 9 authority qualified to teach apprentices. 10 master key.
"master of the band" = leader/director. Sense 4 definition "directs the work of others" fits. Sense 1 "artist of consummate skill" maybe "a master of the violin", but phrase "master of the band" denotes position. Sense 2 overlord/lord general authority maybe too strong/overlord. Sense 4 specifically directs work of others. Bell-ringing band master directs/conductor. So answer index 4.
Need return only JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to disambiguate the word "best" in the given context. The target is "one of England's best female ringers."

Looking at the candidates:
1. best%3:00:00:: - superlative of 'good', having the most positive qualities - "the best film of the year"
2. best%5:00:00:advisable:00 - comparative/superlative of 'well', wiser/more advantageous - "it would be better to speak to him"
3-23. various senses of "good" (but the target surface form is "best", lemma is "best")

The context describes Stephanie Pattenden as "one of England's best female ringers" - meaning she is among the most skilled/expert female ringers in England.

Looking at candidate 1: "the best film of the year; the best solution" - this is the superlative of good, having the most positive qualities. This fits well.

Candidate 10 (adept/skilled): This is a sense of "good" meaning "having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude" - "an adept juggler." But "best" here is the superlative form, not the base adjective "good."

Candidate 1 is the primary superlative sense of "best" and applies here. While the meaning relates to skill, the lexical item "best" in this construction maps to sense 1 (superlative of good, having the most positive qualities). The "best female ringers" means those with the most positive qualities (skill) for ringing.

The answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer: choose best indexed sense for target "female" in context: "...one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers." Means ringers who are women/girls. Candidate senses:
1. female%3:00:00:: definition being the sex that produces ova etc. (adjective, biological sex)
2. female%5:00:02:feminine:01 characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; synonyms distaff.
3. female%5:00:01:female:00 for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; examples the female lead in the play; a female chorus.

Context: "female ringers" = ringers who are women. This is sense 3: composed of women or girls / for or pertaining to women or girls. Similar to "female lead", "female chorus". Sense 1 would be biological sex classification generally of plants/animals but not used for persons in this attributive sense? Actually "female ringers" could be women ringers. WordNet adjective senses: female (sex) vs female (feminine?) vs female (for women). Let's examine WordNet: Female as adjective has senses: 1. being the sex that produces gametes (ova) [a female heir; female holly trees] 2. characteristic of or peculiar to a woman [distaff] 3. for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls [the female lead; a female chorus]. For "female ringers", ringers are people; best female ringers likely composed of women ringers. We need choose single best. The question: sentence about Stephanie Pattenden, one of England's best female ringers. It selects a class of ringers that are female. This corresponds to sense 3? Let's be careful.

Examples sense 3: "the female lead in the play; a female chorus". These are roles/groups of women, like "female ringers". Sense 1 examples: "a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries". This sense is broader (sex of organism). "Female heir" is similar to "female ringers"? A female heir is an heir who is female by sex. Could also be sense 1. "Female ringers" similarly ringers who are female. WordNet sense division: In adjective female, sense 1 "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes" includes "a female heir"; sense 3 "composed of women or girls" includes "female lead, female chorus". What's distinction? Sense 1 is about an individual being female; sense 3 is about groups/roles of women or girls, perhaps not necessarily biological sex but gender. But "female ringers" = a group; it could be sense 3.

Let's inspect WordNet sense keys: female%3:00:00:: (satellite? no, adjective satellite? 3:00:00). female%5:00:02:feminine:01 where feminine:01? Wait sense_key female%5:00:02:feminine:01 is similar to feminine? The lexical pointer. female%5:00:01:female:00 is similar to? It is derivationally? Anyway.

Need use context, synonyms, examples. synonyms of sense 2 distaff = concerning women only not applicable. Sense 3 no synonyms. Let's consider: The phrase "best female ringers" essentially one of best ringers among women. Is that a female biological sex classification or group composed of women? "Female" modifies "ringers" (persons). In WordNet examples, "a female heir" maybe sense 1, "female lead"/"female chorus" sense 3. "Female ringers" are analogous to "female lead" (a role/occupation among women) not exactly a chorus. However "a female heir" is occupation/status too (heir) and it's sense 1. Could potentially be sense 1. Need decide which is best.

Let's look at definitions. Sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop". This is about sex. "Female ringers" could be ringers belonging to female sex. Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls". This is about women/girls; examples include groups composed of women. "Best female ringers" definitely pertains to women ringers; composed of women ringers? A "female ringer" is a woman ringer. This is sense 3? Or sense 1? Hmm.

We need not output sense key, just JSON with index. Which index does the candidate list assign? sense 1 is index 1, 2 index 2, 3 index 3. We need choose. Let's reason from WordNet disambiguation practice.

The target surface form and lemma "female". Context: "one of England's best female ringers." The context doesn't emphasize biology/sex organs; it's about a woman who rings bells. The phrase "female ringers" means ringers who are women/girls, group within ringing composed of women. Sense 3 includes "the female lead in the play; a female chorus" - groups/roles of women. Sense 1 includes "a female heir" and botanical example. The distinction in WordNet: sense 1 is adjective as "being the sex ..." (biological sex), used for any organism. Sense 3 is "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"; more anthropocentric/gendered. "Female ringers" is anthropocentric and a social group, so sense 3 likely.

But sense 1 also commonly refers to human sex. WordNet inherits "a female heir" as sense 1 because an heir can be any sex but female here means sex. Yet why female lead as sense 3? Maybe because "female lead" is a role written for/performed by a woman (pertaining to women) as opposed to sex. In "female ringers", they are ringers who are women, maybe sense 3 (pertaining to women ringers). But "a female heir" is similarly a person. However WordNet puts that in sense 1. Need infer nuance: "female heir" perhaps legal term of sex, not just woman heir. Example includes "female holly trees" botanical. So sense 1 broadly biological. "Female ringers" is about female humans; which WordNet sense? It could fall under either. To decide, see sense 2 synonyms distaff: characteristic peculiar to woman (female sensitiveness; female suffrage). Not applicable because it's not saying ringers have feminine qualities. So 2 out.

Sense 3's example "female lead" widely means a role for women. "female ringers" means women ringers, i.e., ringers composed of women? But a singular "one of England's best female ringers" is one person; she is part of the set of women ringers. The phrase is like "best female doctors", "best female athletes" — these are human categories of women, might map to sense 3 if WordNet views them as "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls". But if WordNet has examples only "female lead" and "female chorus". Yet semantically, "female athletes" could be considered composed of women, sense 3.

Could there be a WordNet sense called "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls" which in wordnet has "womanly"? Let's recall exact WordNet 3.0 data. adj all: female -- being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova); ...
=> feminine -- associated with women and not with men; "feminine intuition"
=> distaff -- characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage"
=> female#3 -- for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"

In WordNet indexing, the third sense is often used for "a female voice", "female roles". The gloss "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls". The use in "best female ringers" is close to this sense because female modifies a group/profession intended for/composed of women. It distinguishes women ringers from male ringers. This is a social classification, not a biological sex classification (though linked). So answer index 3.

However some WSD systems might classify "female ringers" as sense 1 because it simply denotes sex of the noun. Let's examine the examples more carefully.
Sense 1 examples: "a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries". Here "female heir" is human. So why is "female heir" sense 1 not sense 3? Because "heir" can be of any sex and female is used to specify biological sex. Sense 3 examples: "the female lead in the play; a female chorus". These are not just woman lead or woman chorus? "Female lead" is the leading role for a woman, "female chorus" is a group composed of women. Both could have used sense 1. The distinction seems: sense 3 uses female as "pertaining to women/girls" in contexts where the noun refers to an entity/role usually defined by gender (lead role, chorus). "Ringers" is not inherently gendered; female identifies the subset of women. This parallels "female heir" (a person who is female by sex). Therefore could be sense 1.

But gloss of sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop". For humans, being female is sex. In "female ringers" we refer to a person of female sex. That could be sense 1, same as "female heir". Sense 3's gloss "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls" maybe involves designations of things associated specifically with women rather than simply denoting the sex of the referent. For example "female lead" is lead role for women; "female chorus" is a type of chorus. "Ringer" is not a category; "female ringer" means ringer who is a woman, which might be sense 1.

Need decide as an English linguist. Let's digest definitions and synonyms.
Sense 1: female = belonging to the sex that produces ova. Synset likely includes "egg-producing" maybe. It covers all organisms and human. Example "a female heir" clearly human, legal.
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls". The phrase "composed of women or girls" works only for plural nouns like "ringers"? Wait "one of England's best female ringers" - the group of female ringers is composed of women. Yes! That strongly matches sense 3. The phrase "female ringers" is a group/collection of ringers composed of women. This is analogous to "a female chorus" (a chorus composed of women) and "the female lead in the play" (role pertaining to a woman). So sense 3 fits well. Sense 1 would be "a female ringer" as an individual animal of the female sex. It's also possible, but the phrase "best female ringers" (selecting from the set of women ringers) more naturally reads as a category composed of women, not a biological description.

Let's see whether "one of" and "England's best" changes anything: It refers to a category: best female ringers in England. That category = women ringers. The female is classifying the kind of ringer. This is sense 3. Similarly "best female athletes" would be sense 3. Yes.

Now need final answer exactly JSON {"sense_index": 3}. Ensure no extra text. System says return only JSON object exactly like. So final just that.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for target lemma ringer surface ringers in context. The context explicitly about church bell ringers: bell ringing, ropes, belfry, bells, change, Dorothy Sayers church bells, master of band at St. Mary Abbot, one of England's best female ringers. Best sense is sense 1: person who rings church bells. So output JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD. Need analyze context. Target lemma passion, surface passion. Context about bell ringing as passion, obsession, strong feeling, devotion. Candidate senses:

1 passion%1:12:00:: a strong feeling or emotion (passionateness) general.
2 trait of being intensely emotional (heat, warmth) personality trait.
3 something desired intensely (rage) e.g., rage for fame. Object of intense desire.
4 irrational but irresistible motive (mania, cacoethes) compulsion/obsession.
5 sexual desire.
6 any object of warm affection or devotion (love); examples theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting. This is a noun for an object/activity one is devoted to.
7 the suffering of Jesus.

Context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." Refers to ringing/church bell ringing. Sayers quote says ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Then Pattenden says "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower." Here passion refers to bell ringing as an activity/object of strong devotion/love, or a strong feeling/enthusiasm. Which sense best?

Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" synonyms=love; examples: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting". In this sense, "passion" is the object of devotion, often followed by "for". The target is used as a predicate noun: "It is a passion" where "it" = ringing. That maps to sense 6: an object of warm affection or devotion. Also "a passion that finds its satisfaction..." This is personification maybe, but "passion" could be a strong feeling. Need decide between sense 1 (strong feeling/emotion) and sense 6 (object of warm affection or devotion).

WSD of passion: WordNet sense 6 (love) is typically "an object of warm affection or devotion" - the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting. In "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower," 'it' refers to bell-ringing, the activity; they call it a passion. Sense 1 is the state/quality of having strong emotion ("passionateness"). Example might be "he spoke with passion". Here "It is a passion" equates the activity to the object of devotion, not the emotion itself? But Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction..." This could be abstract strong feeling, but the subject is ringing. The phrase "become a bit of an obsession" suggests sense 4 (mania, irresistible motive) maybe. However "passion" as a hobby/enthusiasm often maps to WordNet sense 6 or 1? Let's inspect.

WordNet noun passion:
1: a strong feeling or emotion (passionateness) — state.
2: the trait of being intensely emotional (heat, warmth) — trait.
3: something that is desired intensely (rage) — desire for something.
4: an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action (mania, cacoethes) — compulsion.
5: a feeling of strong sexual desire.
6: any object of warm affection or devotion; "the theater was her first love"; "he has a passion for cock fighting"
7: Passion of Christ.

Given "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" referring to the activity/hobby; sense 6 is "any object of warm affection or devotion" where the activity is object. The examples: "he has a passion for cock fighting" uses same construction. "Ringing is a passion". So 6 seems plausible.

But earlier quote: "described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection.'" In that usage, ringing is described as a passion; this also sense 6? "A passion that finds satisfaction" personifies the object of devotion. Or it could be sense 1: a strong feeling/emotion that finds satisfaction. But "passion" as an emotion cannot find satisfaction; personification. The author uses 'passion' to mean a pursuit/love.

Sense 4: obsession. The text says "becomes a bit of an obsession" immediately before "It is a passion..." But WordNet sense 4: "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" synonyms mania, cacoethes. That is a compulsion, motive. Could fit: ringing is a mania/obsession. But "passion" is broader than mania. In context, the synonym "obsession" is used by the ringer, but the word "passion" is used by novelist to describe ringing as a devotion. The target appears in a sentence where "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - the antecedent "Ringing" is the object. The best sense is likely 6 (object of warm affection or devotion). However, one might argue "passion" as a strong feeling or emotion (1) because Sayers says "a passion that finds its satisfaction..." is a strong feeling. Let's examine the examples: "he has a passion for cock fighting" in sense 6. In our target sentence, "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" has no "for" but the antecedent is ringing, so it means the activity is a passion. That's exactly sense 6.

Need return JSON {"sense_index": 6}. Ensure no extra output.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense index for "stays" in context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." Meaning the passion remains in the tower, doesn't leave. Candidate senses: 1 remain in a certain state; 2 stay put in a certain place; 3 dwell; 4 continue in a place, position, or situation; 5 remain behind; 6 stop/halt; 7 stay behind persist/remain (The smell stayed in the room); 8 hang on during trial; 9 judicial; 10 fasten; 11 overcome.

We need fine-grained WSD. The phrase "stays in the tower" = remains in the tower. Which sense best? Sense 7: stay behind, persist, remain; examples "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up". This fits abstract entity (passion) remaining in a location. Sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation; examples "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please". That implies person continuing in a place/situation. Sense 2: stay put (in a certain place), "We are staying in Detroit". Sense 5: remain behind. Sense 7 specifically "stay behind" with examples of smell staying in room, hostility remained. The subject is passion (abstract) and location tower. It doesn't imply staying put physically, nor remaining behind others. It means remains/persists in the tower. So sense 7 likely best. Need output JSON {"sense_index": 7}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense index for lemma tower in context. Need only JSON {"sense_index": X}. Context: bell ringing in belfry tower. "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower". Church tower/belfry tower. Candidate sense 1: structure taller than diameter; can stand alone or attached to larger building. Candidate 2: anything approximating shape column/tower (metaphorical). Candidate 3: boat. Here tower refers physical church tower containing bells. Sense 1. Answer {"sense_index": 1}.