[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: versions
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective <t>versions</t> of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as JSON. Need choose best sense for "versions" in context. Analyze.

Target lemma version surface form versions. Sentence: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..." versions refers to different forms/variants of the genes (concrete gene sequences). Candidate senses:
1 interpretation from a particular viewpoint - no.
2 something a little different from others of the same type; synonyms variant, variation, edition - fits defective versions of these genes (genetic variants, alleles). Yes.
3 written work recast - no.
4 translation - no.
5 mental representation - no.
6 obstetric version - no.

Thus sense_index 2 (the second in candidate list). Need output {"sense_index": 2}. Could include only JSON. Ensure exact format.

provider: Venice


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are <t>especially</t> prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 We need answer as English linguist choosing best indexed sense for especially in context. Need return JSON {"sense_index": <int>}. Need decide between sense 1 and 2.
Context: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer..." Here especially modifies prone to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common (i.e. particularly prone). Not "in a special manner". So best sense index 1. Must not answer with sense key, only JSON object. Ensure no extra text.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Ambient

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to <t>cancer</t>, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON. Let's analyze. Target "cancer" in context of biomedical article about tumor suppressor genes, cancers, disease. The sentence: "if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer" meaning the disease. So sense 1: any malignant growth/tumor. Need return {"sense_index":1}. Need only JSON no extra.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explain
Target surface form: explaining
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps <t>explaining</t>, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explain%2:32:00:: | definition=make plain and comprehensible | synonyms=explicate | examples=He explained the laws of physics to his students
2. sense_key=explain%2:32:01:: | definition=define | examples=The committee explained their plan for fund-raising to the Dean
3. sense_key=explain%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a reason or cause or justification of | synonyms=excuse | examples=Your need to sleep late does not excuse your late arrival at work; Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best WordNet sense for 'explaining' in context. Target surface explaining is verb gerund. The clause: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families." Meaning: inheritance/defective genes accounts for / serves as a reason or cause or justification of why cancers run in families. That matches sense 3: serve as a reason or cause or justification of; synonyms excuse. Examples: Her recent divorce may explain her reluctance to date again. So answer index 3. Must return JSON only.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finally
Target surface form: finally
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, <t>finally</t>, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finally%4:02:02:: | definition=after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay | synonyms=eventually
2. sense_key=finally%4:02:00:: | definition=as the end result of a succession or process | synonyms=ultimately, in the end, at last, at long last | examples=ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over
3. sense_key=finally%4:02:03:: | definition=the item at the end | synonyms=last, lastly, in conclusion | examples=last, I'll discuss family values

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target lemma finally, surface finally. Context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families." We need choose best among 3 senses.

Let's analyze semantic usage. Sentences: There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Here "finally" means at last, after long time or process, an answer/clarification emerges. Is it sense 1 (eventually after unspecified period/long delay), sense 2 (as end result of a succession/process, ultimately), or sense 3 (lastly in enumeration/list)?

WordNet sense keys for finally adverb (4:02): I need map.

WordNet 3.1 maybe:
finally%4:02:00:: "as the end result of a succession or process" synonyms ultimately, in the end, at last, at long last.
finally%4:02:01:: maybe "after a long period of time or an especially long delay" synonyms eventually? But provided key 4:02:02 after unspecified period with eventually. Need know ordering. WSD index candidate 1 key 4:02:02, candidate 2 key 4:02:00, candidate 3 key 4:02:03.

In context, "perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families" implies explanation after a succession of events/research, the final answer to long-standing question. Which sense fits? Both sense 1 (eventually) and sense 2 (ultimately) plausible.

Examples for sense 2: ultimately he had to give in; at long last the winter was over. Here "perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families" = at long last explaining. It is the conclusion/end result of research process, also possibly a long delay. But "as the end result of a succession or process" captures the meaning that after investigating and considering tumor suppressor genes, researchers have an explanation. "Finally" is parenthetical, indicating a conclusion/resolution rather than temporal eventually. Also phrase "explaining, finally, why..." maybe means "explaining at last why" or "ultimately explaining". I'd lean sense 2.

Sense 1 "after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay" often used for events happening eventually, e.g., "She finally arrived." But here it modifies explaining, not an event happening after delay. Could be "after a long time, finally explaining".

Let's inspect WordNet senses. In WordNet:

finally (r)
S: (adv) ultimately, finally, in the end, at last, at long last (as the end result of a succession or process) "ultimately he had to give in"; "at long last the winter was over"
S: (adv) finally, eventually (after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay)
S: (adv) last, lastly, in conclusion, finally (the item at the end) "last, I'll discuss family values"

So indices maybe 1,2,3 not matching keys? Candidate senses enumerated: 1=4:02:02 eventually; 2=4:02:00 ultimately; 3=4:02:03 last. So choose 2.

Need return only JSON {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure no extra text.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancers
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some <t>cancers</t> seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for "cancers" in the given context. The target lemma is "cancer" and surface form is "cancers" (plural).

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about medical/biological research on cancer
- It mentions "lung and breast cancers", "Colon, lung and breast cancers"
- It talks about tumor-suppressing genes, cancer of brain, skin, kidney, prostate, cervix
- The specific target sentence: "There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some <t>cancers</t> seem to haunt certain families."

The word "cancers" here clearly refers to types of malignant diseases that run in families. This is a medical context about malignant growths/tumors.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division - this is the medical disease sense
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: - (astrology) a person born while sun is in Cancer
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: - constellation Cancer
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: - zodiac sign Cancer
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: - genus Cancer (crabs)

Sense 1 is the only one that makes sense in this medical/biological context. The word is being used to refer to malignant diseases that afflict families due to inherited defective genes.

The instruction says return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Since sense 1 is the correct one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The candidate senses are listed 1-5. So the best indexed sense is 1.

The user also says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So my final answer should be just: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seem
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers <t>seem</t> to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target 'seem' in context: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families." Need select among 4 senses.
Let's analyze WordNet senses. The target sentence: "why some cancers seem to haunt certain families." This is similar to "seem to haunt" = give impression/appear to haunt? Could be sense 1 (give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect), or sense 2 (seem to be true, probable, or apparent). Sense 1 examples: She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem. Sense 2 examples: It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad. Definition 2: seem to be true, probable, or apparent. This typically used with "it seems that" or "seems to be". Definition 1: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect. Used with subject + seems + to-infinitive.
Here "some cancers seem to haunt certain families" subject + seem + to haunt. Indicates cancers give the impression of haunting families; this aligns with sense 1 definition and examples like "She seems to be sleeping". However, is there implication of appearance? "Seem to haunt" could be interpreted as "appear to haunt". Sense 1 synonyms look, appear; examples with infinitive. Sense 2 synonyms appear; examples with "that" clause or "to be" adjective? Actually definition 2 likely "appear" with indicative. But the construction "some cancers seem to haunt certain families" probably sense 1: give a certain impression/have a certain outward aspect. Sense 4: appear to one's own mind, includes "can't seem"; not here. Sense 3: appear to exist with "there seems no reason"; not here.
Need return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.
But let's ensure no subtle distinction: The sentence is about explaining why some cancers seem to haunt certain families (i.e., appear to run in families). It is outward aspect. So 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: certain
Target surface form: certain
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:definite:00 | definition=definite but not specified or identified | examples=set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree
2. sense_key=certain%3:00:02:: | definition=having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured | synonyms=sure | examples=felt certain of success; was sure (or certain) she had seen it
3. sense_key=certain%3:00:01:: | definition=established beyond doubt or question; definitely known | examples=what is certain is that every effect must have a cause; it is certain that they were on the bus
4. sense_key=certain%3:00:03:: | definition=certain to occur; destined or inevitable; ; ; - Benjamin Franklin | synonyms=sure | examples=he was certain to fail; his fate is certain
5. sense_key=certain%3:00:05:: | definition=established irrevocably | synonyms=sealed | examples=his fate is sealed
6. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:reliable:00 | definition=reliable in operation or effect | synonyms=sure | examples=a quick and certain remedy; a sure way to distinguish the two
7. sense_key=certain%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance | synonyms=sure | examples=be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through; be sure to lock the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need perform WSD for target word "certain". Need choose single best sense index among candidate senses. Need not output sense key, just JSON. We must analyze context.

Context sentence: "...perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt <t>certain</t> families."

Target surface "certain" modifies "families". Sense: "some but not precisely identified/restricted; particular but not named". That corresponds to sense 1: definite but not specified or identified. Examples: "set aside a certain sum each week; to a certain degree". In sentence, "certain families" means particular families, unspecified. Could also be similar to "some" families, "specific" but not named.

Other senses: 2 mental state no doubt (people are certain). 3 established beyond doubt (it is certain). 4 certain to occur. 5 established irrevocably. 6 reliable. 7 careful. None fit.

Thus answer {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: family
Target surface form: families
Context:
Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain <t>families</t>. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=family%1:14:02:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=household, house, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
2. sense_key=family%1:14:00:: | definition=primary social group; parents and children | synonyms=family unit | examples=he wanted to have a good job before starting a family
3. sense_key=family%1:14:04:: | definition=a collection of things sharing a common attribute | synonyms=class, category | examples=there are two classes of detergents
4. sense_key=family%1:14:01:: | definition=people descended from a common ancestor | synonyms=family line, folk, kinfolk, kinsfolk, sept, phratry | examples=his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
5. sense_key=family%1:18:00:: | definition=a person having kinship with another or others | synonyms=kin, kinsperson | examples=he's kin; he's family
6. sense_key=family%1:14:03:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | examples=sharks belong to the fish family
7. sense_key=family%1:14:06:: | definition=a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities | synonyms=syndicate, crime syndicate, mob
8. sense_key=family%1:14:05:: | definition=an association of people who share common beliefs or activities | synonyms=fellowship | examples=the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family; the church welcomed new members into its fellowship

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need determine best WordNet sense for "families" in context: "some cancers seem to haunt certain families." Context about inherited defective tumor-suppressor genes causing cancer prone in families. So family means group of people descended from common ancestors; lineage. The sentence: "why some cancers seem to haunt certain families" implies cancer appears in family lineages across generations because inherited genes. That is sense 4: people descended from a common ancestor; synonyms family line, folk, kinfolk, etc. Could also sense 2: primary social group; parents and children (family unit). But "haunt certain families" with inherited defective genes across family lines suggests lineage/descent rather than just household unit. Sense 4 examples: "his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower" = family line/ancestral group. That fits. The target surface form plural "families" can apply to sense 4 plural? WordNet noun group senses all count. We choose index 4. Need return JSON {"sense_index": 4}.

Let's consider if sense 1 or 2 better. Context specifically about inheritance of defective genes from parents to children through generations. "families" as set of related individuals sharing common genetic background. Sense 4 includes phratry, kinfolk, family line; definition: people descended from a common ancestor. Yes best.

Need ensure output exactly JSON object.

provider: Together


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: story
Target surface form: story
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The <t>story</t> of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=story%1:10:03:: | definition=a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program | synonyms=narrative, narration, tale | examples=his narrative was interesting; Disney's stories entertain adults as well as children
2. sense_key=story%1:10:00:: | definition=a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events | examples=he writes stories for the magazines
3. sense_key=story%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, level, storey | examples=what level is the office on?
4. sense_key=story%1:10:04:: | definition=a record or narrative description of past events | synonyms=history, account, chronicle | examples=a history of France; he gave an inaccurate account of the plot to kill the president
5. sense_key=story%1:10:01:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=report, news report, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
6. sense_key=story%1:10:02:: | definition=a trivial lie | synonyms=fib, tale, tarradiddle, taradiddle | examples=he told a fib about eating his spinach; how can I stop my child from telling stories?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify the best sense for the word "story" in the given context. Let me analyze the context.

The relevant sentence is: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other."

So "story" here refers to the history/account of tumor-suppressor genes - how the knowledge/understanding of these genes goes back to the 1970s. It's a record or narrative description of past events.

Let me look at the candidates:
1. story%1:10:03:: a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program - synonyms: narrative, narration, tale
2. story%1:10:00:: a piece of fiction - this is fictional
3. story%1:06:00:: a structure/floor - clearly architectural
4. story%1:10:04:: a record or narrative description of past events - synonyms: history, account, chronicle
5. story%1:10:01:: a short account of the news - news report
6. story%1:10:02:: a trivial lie - fib

The context describes the historical account of tumor-suppressor genes, tracing back to the 1970s. This matches sense 4: "a record or narrative description of past events" with synonyms history, account, chronicle. "The story of X goes back to..." is a common idiom meaning the history/account of X.

The answer should be a JSON with sense_index, where the index corresponds to the candidate number in the list. The candidate list shows sense 4 as story%1:10:04::. So the answer is {"sense_index": 4}.

Wait, I need to be careful about "sense_index" - the user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". This means I should provide the number of the candidate in the list (1-indexed). Sense story%1:10:04:: is candidate #4, so sense_index is 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: go_back
Target surface form: goes back
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes <t>goes back</t> to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=go_back%2:42:00:: | definition=belong to an earlier time | synonyms=date back, date from | examples=This story dates back 200 years
2. sense_key=go_back%2:32:00:: | definition=return in thought or speech to something | synonyms=recur
3. sense_key=go_back%2:30:00:: | definition=regain a former condition after a financial loss | synonyms=recover, recuperate | examples=We expect the stocks to recover to $2.90; The company managed to recuperate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose sense_index for 'goes back' lemma go_back. Context: story goes back to the 1970s. That's date back / belong to earlier time. So sense 1 likely. Let's verify: sentence "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when..." That means originates/extends back in time. Sense 1 definition belong to an earlier time, synonyms date back, date from, example This story dates back 200 years. Sense 2 return in thought/speech to something (recur) — not. Sense 3 recover financial loss — not. So sense_index 1. Need output JSON exactly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
4. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
5. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
6. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
7. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
8. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
9. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need disambiguate "named" in context: sentence "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician <t>named</t> Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed...". We need choose best sense index among listed 1-9.

We must reason. The target surface form named is past tense of name as verb. Context: a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed. This is likely "called" assigned a specified proper name: his name is Alfred G. Knudson Jr. The phrase "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr." means a pediatrician with the proper name. Candidate 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; synonyms=call; examples They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader. Here "a pediatrician named X" is essentially an adjectival/relative clause "who was named X". That seems sense 1 or could sense 2: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property. Need decide.

In WordNet, verb name senses: But indexes? Let's inspect. Senses list:
1 assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | call
2 give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | identify
3 charge with a function; charge to be | nominate, make
4 create and charge with a task or function | appoint, nominate, constitute
5 mention and identify by name
6 make reference to
7 identify as in botany or biology, for example
8 give or make a list of
9 determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness

The phrase "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr." uses named as an identifier (relative clause "who was named [proper name]"). Which WordNet sense corresponds? Maybe sense 1 "assign a specified proper name to". In "They named their son David", someone receives a name. Here "a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr" means the pediatrician was given the name Alfred. Yes sense 1. Could also sense 2 "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name" – perhaps when you "name" someone i.e. identify who they are. Examples "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal", meaning in passive as listed/identified. In our context, named with proper name as a label. I think best is sense 1.

But the instructions say use context examples synonyms. Let's compare:
Sense 1 synonyms call; example They named their son David. "A pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson" is similar to "They named him David" but passive/attributive. It means the pediatrician has the proper name. Sense 2 examples: Many senators were named in connection with scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months. That is about identification, not giving a proper name to a person. Here it is proper name. So sense 1.

We need output JSON only exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Use index 1.

No extra content.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: propose
Target surface form: proposed
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. <t>proposed</t> that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=propose%2:32:00:: | definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | synonyms=suggest, advise | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
2. sense_key=propose%2:31:00:: | definition=present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc. | synonyms=project | examples=He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism; She proposed a new theory of relativity
3. sense_key=propose%2:31:01:: | definition=propose or intend | synonyms=aim, purpose, purport | examples=I aim to arrive at noon
4. sense_key=propose%2:41:00:: | definition=put forward; nominate for appointment to an office or for an honor or position | synonyms=nominate | examples=The President nominated her as head of the Civil Rights Commission
5. sense_key=propose%2:32:01:: | definition=ask (someone) to marry you | synonyms=declare oneself, offer, pop the question | examples=he popped the question on Sunday night; she proposed marriage to the man she had known for only two months

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need do WSD for target lemma propose surface proposed. Need choose among 5 senses. We are English linguist. Need return JSON {"sense_index": index}. Need reason carefully.

Context: story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to 1970s, when pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized... It's a scientist putting forward a hypothesis/theory. Among senses:
1. propose%2:32:00 make a proposal, declare a plan for something; synonyms suggest, advise; examples senator proposed to abolish the sales tax. This seems speech act of suggestion/plan, often "propose to do" / "propose that". But fine-grained nuance between 1 and 2.
2. propose%2:31:00 present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.; synonyms project; examples "He proposed a new plan for dealing with terrorism; She proposed a new theory of relativity". This fits intellectual formulation: proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. It's not a legislative proposal or plan for action, but a scientific hypothesis. Sense 2 includes "new theory of relativity".
3. intend/aim: not fit.
4. nominate: not fit.
5. marriage: no.

So best is sense 2: present for consideration, examination, criticism, etc.; specifically for a theory/hypothesis. Need ensure indexing: candidate list is 1..5. So return {"sense_index":2}.

Need consider whether sense key mapping: candidate 2 is propose%2:31:00. Good.

Now produce final exactly JSON. Ensure no extra text.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stem
Target surface form: stemmed
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma <t>stemmed</t> from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stem%2:42:00:: | definition=grow out of, have roots in, originate in | examples=The increase in the national debt stems from the last war
2. sense_key=stem%2:42:03:: | definition=cause to point inward | examples=stem your skis
3. sense_key=stem%2:30:00:: | definition=stop the flow of a liquid | synonyms=stanch, staunch, halt | examples=staunch the blood flow; stem the tide
4. sense_key=stem%2:30:01:: | definition=remove the stem from | examples=for automatic natural language processing, the words must be stemmed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the target lemma "stem" in its surface form "stemmed" within the given context.

 Context: "...pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects."

 Meaning analysis:
 - "stemmed from" is a phrasal verb meaning "originated from" or "arose from"
 - The sentence says retinoblastoma (eye cancer) originated from two separate genetic defects
 - This matches sense 1: "grow out of, have roots in, originate in" with example "The increase in the national debt stems from the last war"

 Other senses:
 - Sense 2: cause to point inward (skiing) - doesn't fit
 - Sense 3: stop the flow of a liquid - doesn't fit (though "stem the tide" exists)
 - Sense 4: remove the stem from (linguistics term) - doesn't fit

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1.

 Need to return only JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: separate
Target surface form: separate
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two <t>separate</t> genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose WordNet sense for target "separate" in context. Need return JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Use candidate senses list.

Analyze context: "retireblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects." sense independent; not united or joint: "two separate issues". Also could be "standing apart; not attached"? But for genetic defects, meaning two distinct/independent genetic defects. sense 1 fits: independent; not united or joint, examples a problem consisting of two separate issues. So answer {"sense_index": 1}. Need ensure single JSON only.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate <t>genetic</t> defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need choose best WordNet sense for genetic in context. Sentence: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects." Context about genes, inheritance, defective versions, heredity. The phrase "genetic defects" here as defects in genes. Candidate senses:
1. inheritable: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity; synonyms familial hereditary. This is adjective describing traits/diseases passed down.
2. of or relating to or produced by or being a gene; examples genic combinations; genetic code. This is "genic".
3. referring to origin (genetic history literary).
4. of or relating to science of genetics (research).
Which best for "genetic defects" in a biological genetic context? The defect is in a gene, maybe heritable. However, sense 2 specifically "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene". The text mentions tumor suppressor genes, genetic defects. A defect in a gene is a genetic defect. Sense 1 "inheritable" is about occurrence by heredity, "genetic" as in hereditary disease. But phrase "stems from two separate genetic defects" means defects in genes. The broader context is about inherited defective versions; but the immediate phrase "genetic defects" equates to gene defects. We need choose single best.
WordNet: Let's recall PRINCETON WordNet senses for genetic. There are four adjective senses:
- genetic (a) relating to genetics (genetic research).
- genetic (a) relating to or produced by genes (genetic code, genetic information)
- genetic (a) pertaining to origin
- familial, genetic, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible (occurring among members of a family by heredity)
The sentence: "two separate genetic defects" could be interpreted as gene-related defects, or hereditary defects. Knudson's "two-hit hypothesis": retinoblastoma stems from two separate genetic defects (mutations in the RB1 gene). "Genetic" here means of or relating to genes, not necessarily inherited? Actually one inherited (germline) and one somatic. Both are genetic alterations (in genes). So sense 2 fits best.
Need return JSON {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defect
Target surface form: defects
Context:
Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic <t>defects</t>. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defect%1:26:01:: | definition=an imperfection in a bodily system | examples=visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs
2. sense_key=defect%1:07:01:: | definition=a failing or deficiency | synonyms=shortcoming | examples=that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information
3. sense_key=defect%1:26:00:: | definition=an imperfection in an object or machine | synonyms=fault, flaw | examples=a flaw caused the crystal to shatter; if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer
4. sense_key=defect%1:07:00:: | definition=a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body) | synonyms=blemish, mar | examples=a facial blemish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need perform WSD for lemma defect surface form defects in context. Need choose best indexed sense among 4 candidate senses with indices presumably 1,2,3,4 as listed. Need output JSON {"sense_index": N}. We are told do not answer with sense key. Need choose single best.

Let's analyze context. The target <t>defects</t> appears in sentence: "The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic <t>defects</t>." So genetic defects. Defects here are imperfections in bodily system/genes? In WordNet, sense 1: defect%1:26:01:: definition=an imperfection in a bodily system, examples visual defects; this device permits detection of defects in the lungs. Sense 3: imperfection in object or machine. Sense 2: failing or deficiency. Sense 4: mark or flaw spoiling appearance.

Genetic defects refers to bodily system (genes/hereditary). In WordNet, "imperfection in a bodily system" sense 1. However "genetic defect" commonly could be sense 1? Let's examine WordNet sense inventory.

defect noun:
- S: (n) defect, congenital anomaly (a defect that is present at birth) maybe under bodily system? WordNet has 4 senses? Let's recall WordNet 3.1: defect (n)
1. an imperfection in a bodily system; "visual defects"; "this device permits detection of defects in the lungs" (sense 1:26:01)
2. a failing or deficiency; "that interpretation is an unfortunate defect of our lack of information" (sense 1:07:01)
3. an imperfection in an object or machine; "a flaw caused the crystal to shatter"; "if there are any defects you should send it back to the manufacturer" (sense 1:26:00)
4. a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something; "a facial blemish" (sense 1:07:00)

"Genetic defects" in biology/gene context: bodily system imperfection. The context specifically says retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects; inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes; inherited defective versions of these genes. Genes are part of bodily system. The example "visual defects" and "defects in the lungs" are bodily. So sense 1 is best.

Sense 3 could be object/machine, but genes are not objects/machines. Sense 2 is deficiency/failing abstract. But "genetic defects" are concrete imperfections in the gene/body. The phrasing "two separate genetic defects" corresponds to mutations in genes. WSD likely sense 1.

Need final JSON exactly {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: theorize
Target surface form: theorized
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He <t>theorized</t> that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=theorize%2:31:00:: | definition=to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds | synonyms=speculate, theorise, conjecture, hypothesize, hypothesise, hypothecate | examples=Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps
2. sense_key=theorize%2:31:02:: | definition=construct a theory about | examples=Galileo theorized the motion of the stars
3. sense_key=theorize%2:31:01:: | definition=form or construct theories | examples=he thinks and theorizes all day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 We need answer JSON. Need choose best sense for "theorized" in context. Let's analyze. Target is past tense. Sentence: "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other." This is to formulate a hypothesis/speculate, believe on tentative grounds. Candidate senses:
1: believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds; synonyms include hypothesize. Example Scientists supposed that...
2: construct a theory about (transitive?) examples Galileo theorized the motion of the stars. Here "theorized that..." mental proposition.
3: form or construct theories; intransitive? example he thinks and theorizes all day.
Our use: He theorized that... This is asserting a hypothesis/belief on tentative grounds. Sense 1 fits hypothesize, conjecture. Sense 2 would be "construct a theory about [something]" maybe takes NP object not that-clause? Actually "theorized the motion" = developed a theory about motion. "theorized that X" = hypothesized X. So sense 1 best. Need return {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the <t>eye</t> cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer as JSON only with sense_index. Need decide which sense. Context: "in the <t>eye</t> cancer" referring retinoblastoma, an eye cancer. The word "eye" modifies cancer, meaning the organ of sight. So sense 1. Need output only {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye <t>cancer</t>, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to choose the single best sense for the target word "cancer" in context. The context is about tumor-suppressor genes, retinoblastoma, eye cancer, malignant growths.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. cancer%1:26:00:: - malignant growth/tumor caused by abnormal cell division
2. cancer%1:18:00:: - astrological person born under Cancer
3. cancer%1:17:00:: - zodiacal constellation
4. cancer%1:15:00:: - zodiac sign
5. cancer%1:05:00:: - genus Cancer (crustacean)

The context clearly refers to medical/biological cancer, not astrology or zoology. The text mentions "tumor-suppressing genes", "retinoblastoma", "eye cancer", "development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, skin, kidney, prostate, etc." All of these refer to malignant diseases.

Sense 1 is the correct choice. Need to return JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: inherit
Target surface form: inherited
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant <t>inherited</t> a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=inherit%2:40:00:: | definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. sense_key=inherit%2:40:02:: | definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. sense_key=inherit%2:40:01:: | definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose target 'inherited' in sentence: infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. It is genetic transmission. Candidate 3 definition receive by genetic transmission. So sense_index=3. Need output JSON exactly {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a <t>damaged</t> copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer single JSON object with sense_index. Need choose best sense for damaged in context: inherited a damaged copy of a gene. Biology: gene copy defective, harmed/injured/spoiled. Sense 1. Not reputation disrepute. Return {"sense_index":1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged <t>copy</t> of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. Need choose sense for "copy" in sentence: "He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other." This is biology: each gene has two copies (alleles), one from each parent. Candidate senses: 1 transcript/reproduction of written record; 2 a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing; 3 matter to be printed; 4 material suitable for journalistic account. None perfectly match genetic copy. Which best? Sense 2: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing. A gene copy is an instance of the gene, similar/identical to the other. Sense 1 is transcript. Sense 2 examples include clone copy of ancestor. So best is 2. Need return {"sense_index": 2}. Ensure only JSON.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parent
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one <t>parent</t> and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need choose best indexed sense. Parent target. Context: infant inherited damaged copy of a gene from one parent and normal copy from other. This uses parent of an infant human. Sense 1 is father or mother, guardian. Sense 2 is organism from which younger ones are obtained (biology/progenitor). Here "infant inherited ... from one parent" is human parent. So sense 1. Return JSON {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: normal
Target surface form: normal
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a <t>normal</t> copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=normal%3:00:01:: | definition=conforming with or constituting a norm or standard or level or type or social norm; not abnormal | examples=serve wine at normal room temperature; normal diplomatic relations
2. sense_key=normal%3:00:02:: | definition=in accordance with scientific laws
3. sense_key=normal%3:00:03:: | definition=being approximately average or within certain limits in e.g. intelligence and development | examples=a perfectly normal child; of normal intelligence
4. sense_key=normal%5:00:00:perpendicular:00 | definition=forming a right angle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: We need answer JSON only. We are linguist. Need choose sense for "normal" in context: inherited a damaged copy from one parent and a normal copy from the other; second, normal copy also was damaged. Means non-damaged, standard/healthy copy of gene. Candidate senses: 1 conforming with norm/standard; 2 in accordance with scientific laws; 3 approximately average/within limits in intelligence/development; 4 perpendicular. Here normal copy means wild-type/standard/non-mutated. Sense 1 best: conforming with standard, not abnormal. So {"sense_index":1}. Ensure no explanation.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: copy
Target surface form: copy
Context:
Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families. The story of tumor-suppressor genes goes back to the 1970s, when a pediatrician named Alfred G. Knudson Jr. proposed that retinoblastoma stemmed from two separate genetic defects. He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal <t>copy</t> from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=copy%1:10:00:: | definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record) | synonyms=transcript
2. sense_key=copy%1:06:00:: | definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor
3. sense_key=copy%1:10:01:: | definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials | synonyms=written matter
4. sense_key=copy%1:10:02:: | definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
We need choose best sense for target lemma copy, surface form copy, in sentence: 'He theorized that in the eye cancer, an infant inherited a damaged copy of a gene from one parent and a normal copy from the other. The tumor, he suggested, developed when the second, normal copy also was damaged.' Need select from four senses. Need return JSON {"sense_index": N}. Let's parse.

Sense keys:
1 copy%1:10:00::: a reproduction of a written record (e.g., of a legal or school record) noun.artifact? Actually lex type 1:10:00 means noun.artifact? Wait keys: copy%1:10:00:: I think noun.artifact? Let's check WordNet. Senses for noun copy: 1) a reproduction of a written record, 2) a thing made to be similar/identical to another thing, 3) matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials, 4) material suitable for journalistic account. Context: 'copy of a gene' refers to an instance of a gene, one allele? In biology, a copy of a gene means one of the two instances/alles or chromosomes. It's an individual instance of a gene. Which WordNet sense captures 'gene copy'? Sense 2: a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing? But in biology, each parent contributes one 'copy' of a gene, i.e., one allele. It's not a duplicate/reproduction but a version/instance. WordNet sense 2 examples: 'she made a copy of the designer dress; the clone was a copy of its ancestor' suggests a reproduction/replica. But 'copy' of a gene inherited from parent is like an instance/allele, not a reproduction made externally. However WordNet's copy%1:06:00 definition 'a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing' includes clones, duplicates, copies in biological duplication? The other candidate senses are clearly not: 1 written record transcript, 3 matter to be printed, 4 journalistic copy. So sense 2 best, perhaps not perfect but closest. The instance of a gene is within scope of noun 'copy' = duplicate/variant? There are WordNet senses copy%1:07? Not listed. So choose sense_index: 2. Need output only JSON object exactly.